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With a view to study the blood vessel construction in cervical cancer the author prepared the reconstruction models and the results to be described below were obtained by three-dimensional observations carried on the models. 1. The arteries in the surrounding tissues of cancer are markedly proliferated, and in the surrounding tissues they present the formation of blood-vessel bands. 2. The spiral formation or corkscrew-like formation presented by blood vessels in the bands in the surrounding tissues of cancer seems to be the characteristic of arteries. 3. As for the direction of flow of arteries in the tissues surrounding cancer, the arteries in the normal case generally run slanting towards the surface of the cervix in the direction of the periphery, but the arteries in the surrounding tissues of cancer run towards the cancer tissue. 4. Apart from mother blood vessels, the blood vessels in the cancer tissue all present an imperfect capillary·like construction and there is none that possesses the normal arterial or venous con struction. Some part is dilatated and other part is narrow, suggesting an imcomplete blood supply. The direction of the flow is also irregular. Mother blood vessels grow rapidly large once they are taken into the cancer tissue. 5. All blood vessels other than the mother vessels reveal an imperfect capillary-like coustruction in the cancer tissue, and in places the walls of these blood. vessels are indistinct; and consequently it is but natural that they bleed so easily.

In order to determine the steps with which the reaction of neotetrazolium chloride reduction conjugates in the terminal electron transport system, an analytical study on the neotetrazolium reduction by tissue homogenates was carried out using various substrates such as sodium succinate, p-phenylenediamine, sodium malate, sodium α-glutamate and DPN, and inhibitors such as sodium malonate, potassium cyanide and antimycin A, as the results the following conclusions were drawn. 1. The reaction of neotetrazolium reduction by tissue homogenate using sodium succinate as substrate is mainly the succinoxidase system reaction; and the reaction takes place conjugating about 50 per cent in the step of the succinic dehydrogenase system (succinic dehydrogease, cytochrome b and cytochrome C1), of these about 15 per cent conjugates in the step prior to the antimycin A sensitive step and 35 per cent in the step itself; and about 50 per cent in the step of cytochrome c oxidase. 2. In the case using p-phenylenediamine as substrate the reaction of neotetrazolium reduction is the reaction due to the activity of cytochrome c-cytochrome oxidase system; and when p-phenylenediamine is used with the sufficient amount of cytochrome c, the reaction appears to be dependent on cytochrome c oxidase activity. Neotetrazolium reduction in all these reactions takes place conjugating in the step of cytochrome c oxidase. 3. In the case where DPN and substrates taking DPN as a coenzyme are used, the reaction of neotetrazolium reduction is mainly the reaction conjugating at the step below antimycin A sensitive step in the DPNHcytochrome c reductase system (flavoprotein, cytochrome b and cytochrome c;), probably with the flavoprotein of DPNH-dehydrogenase. 4. Endogenous dehydrogenase reactions are the sum total reactions conjugating at the steps prior to the antimycin A sensitive step in the terminal electron transport system and with other various reduction systems which are not inhibited by antimycin A.

Die Autoren haben festgestellt, daβ man mit Hilfe des Myotonometers auf Grund von Kau- bzw. Masseterfunktionsmessung auf verschiedene stomatologische Krankheiten, bzw. auf verschiedene Veranderungen schliessen kann. Man kann feststellen, ob die Muskeln atrophisch sind oder nicht, was fur eine Prothese bei einzelnen Individuen der Funktion der Muskeln entspricht, ob eine Prothese schlecht ist, welche Verfahren fur die Orthodontie bzw. Prognathie notwendig sind und welche Medikamente eine gute stomatologische Wirkung haben. Auch die verschiedenen orthopadischen Fragen sind erleichtert.

From the histochemical study of DPN and TPN diaphorase on the striated muscles of the cats, the following results were obtained. 1. M. gastrocnemius, which belongs to the white muscle by naked eye, consists of three types of muscle fibers distinguished by the DPN diaphorase staining: namely, the small muscle fibers, i. e., the red muscle fibers show a moderate activity, being stained pink, while the large muscle fibers, i. e., the white muscle fibers show a low activity, being stained faint pink. The. third type of muscle fibers: namely, the medium fibers are stained pale pink and show the enzymatic activity intermediate between the red and white muscle fibers. 2. M. soleus, belonging to the red muscle by naked eye, consists of three types of fibers distinguished by the DPN-diaphorase staining, i. e., the red muscle fibers are stained pink, medium fibers pale pink, and a few white muscle fibers faint pink. The diameters of these three types of muscle fibers in M. soleus are almost the same. 3. From the staining pattern of TPN-diaphorase in M. gastrocnemius and M. soleus, the three types of muscle fibers can be distinguished by TPN-diaphorase activity, namely, the red muscle fibers show a high TPN-diaphorase activity, being stained purple, while, the white muscle fibers a low activity, being stained pale pink. The medium fibers are stained pink and show a moderate enzymatic activity intermediate between the red and white muscle fibers. 4. The TPN-diaphorase activity is higher than the DPN-diaphorase activity in the striated muscle, but it is less active than the TPN-diapborase activity in the kidney. However, the activity of DPN-diaphorase in the striated muscle is quite lower than that of the kidney.

L'auteur fait connaitre ses pocedes d'affaiblissement des douleurs parturiaux avec Dolantine+Glanduitrine+Scopolamine, d'abord isolement, puis combines. Il remarque, que pendant les visitations il a controle plusieurs des fois l'activite de l'uterus, ainsi que la mecanisme d'effet des medicines, par la tocographie.

1. A method was described for a fairly accurate judgement of the effect of drugs inhibiting the edema in hind paws of a rat caused by local injection of egg white. 2. The degree of inhibition of egg-white edema by single doses of sinomenine, compound 48/80, or dextran was in parallel with histamine reduction in skin and other tissues of the paws (and the skin of abdomen), although prevention of the edema by prolonged treatment with sinomenine was incomplete even when the releasable histamine of the skin was practically exhausted. 3. Sodium salicylate, aminopyrine, butazolidine sodium, cortisone, and guaiazulene were capable of inhibiting egg-white edema without modifying the content of skin histamine. These drugs and a small dose of phenergan potentiated the inhibition by dextran of egg-white edema and inhibited the release of histamine by dextran. These actions lasted for over 24 hours with the exception of guaiazulene. 4. Irgapyrin and a large dose of phenergan, which possess actions of histamine release and of histamine release inhibition and also antihistaminic action, caused a slight reduction of skin histamine and a comparatively marked inhibition of the edema. 5. In adrenalectomized or hypophysectomized rats, the edema-inhibiting effect of salicylate and aminopyrine decreased but that of cortisone increased. The effect of guaiazulene remained unchanged. 6. The observations that inhibition of egg-white edema is caused by (a) histamine releasers, (b) histamine-release inhibitor, and (c) drugs exerting both histamine release and inhibition of the release were discussed with the consideration to a relationship between egg-white edema and skin histamine.

With an improved method of tissue culture of peripheral leucocytes of our own design, the authors carried out systematic observations on the peripheral leucocyte culture from the normal, various kinds of leukemias, leukemoid reactions, and hypoplastic anemia. As for the culture method we have devised a method of silicon oil coating on the blood containers, a method which will least affect the cell function as compared with the conventional culture method. As the results we have found that the tissue growth in the case of peripheral leucocyte culture of normal persons ceases after six-hour culture and also we have recognized a peculiar finding, a growth like a corona-shape, in which an empty space appears in the inner part of growth area along with the lapse of time. In every leukemic case, without presenting growth area like a corona, the cell density is high and the outer zone of growth area becomes sharply demarcated as in the case with bone-marrow culture and also the growth continues even after 12 hours. At this instance we have noticed many mitoses of immature cells. Moreover, the maturation of immature cells has been observed and it has also been possible to distinguish to what type these immature cells belonged. In the leukemoid reaction no growth pattern Characteristic to the leukemia can be recognized, and at a glance it can easily be differentiated from the leukemia. In the case of hypoplastic anemia although the growth area is like that of the normal presenting a corona-like shape, the cell density is lower and the function of leucccytes is lesser than the normal. From these results we believe that the peripheral leucocyte culture is clinically useful.

With the purpose to study sideroblasts as a means of diagnosing blood diseases and to pursue the metabolism of non-hemin iron in erythroblasts we investigated sideroblasts (erythroblasts containing iron granules stainable by Prussian blue) under various erythropoietic conditions in the human and rabbits, and obtained the following results: 1. In blood diseases the proportion of sideroblasts in the case of low erythropoietic condition is higher and in the case with accelerated erythropoietic condition and of iron deficiency it tends to be lower than that in normal persons. Further, obtaining sideroblastogram and sideroblast ratio (S. r.) from the classification of Types I, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ according to the iron granule content, it has been proven that abnormal conditions can be clearly distinguished from the normal, indicating that sideroblasts are closely associated with erythropoietic function. This is proven to be a far superior method for the diagnosis as well as for the prognosis of blood diseases than the determination of serum iron. 2. In experimental anemic rabbits the relationship of sideroblasts to the condition of erythropoietic function is still more clearly recognized, and it has been found that variations in the sideroblast count is dependent upon the condition of the equilibrium between the iron supply from serum iron and the iron utilization controlled by the erythropoietic function. 3. In addition, in the iron-treated rabbits under various erythropoietic conditions we have been able to confirm that there are a certain mechanism and a limitation to the iron intake by erythroblasts, and that erythroblasts take essentially three steps of metabolic processes, namely, intake, retention, and utilization of iron almost simultaneously, in the latter half of the maturation stage.

Using the granuloma pouch technique of SELYE, effect of modification in local histamine on the inflammatory tissue reactions was examined in rats. The increase in the weight of pouch wall and histological inflammatory changes were distinctly inhibited in either case of histamine depletion by sinomenine and of desensitization to histamine by repeated injections of histamine. In rats injected with aminoguanidine, the skin and local histamine contents increased in similar degree as those in rats receiving histamine injection, but the inflammatory tissue reactions were severer than in the control. The total histamine of the pouch wall during inflammation reached the maximum four days after the injection of croton oil and decreased thereaftcr. The prcliferative processes indicating the recovery of injured tissues in later stages of the inflammation were the most vigorous in rats treated with histamine and this was in contrast to the extreme weakness of this tendency in animals in which the local histamine had been depleted. These observations not only suggests the fairly close relationship of histamine to carly reaction of inflammation but also indicates the role of histamine in its recovery processes.

In the foregoing our methods of the grafting of tendon in finger used recently are presented. Namely, the proximal ends of tendon to be grafted are at first sutured by the embedding method of BUNNELL, and then the distal ends are fixed with our method we get the benefits of giving just appropriate tension to the tendon and also of reliable fixation. Finally the findings before and after operation on the two cases treated by our method are pictorially presented in Figs. 12 and 13.

We have recently operated on 56 cases of claw hand and described the method of tendon transfer in Hansen's disease which occupied the majority of the cases, and several problems have been discussed from our experiences.

According to the method presented in the first report the author mixed ferric iron solution and serum with the various proportions of serum and iron, limiting the pH level of the media wihin 5.4 to 8.3. It was found there was a certain level exceeding which the iron could no longer move with protein on the paperelectrochromatography. The maximum level was found to be81, 500γ% in the case of ferric chloride and 77, 200γ% in ferric ammonium sulfate, when the bovine serum was used as a protecting colloid. The iron added in excess of this level was found retarding at the starting line suggesting the formation of gross iron hydroxide colloid.

Die Autoren haben mit Hilfe des Szirmaischen Myographen auf Grund der Messung vor und nach der Behandlung den Reaktions-Index aus den Myogrammen erhalten. Mit dieser Methode laβt sich in einer sehr kurzen Zeit bei verschiedenen Krankheiten die gunstigste Therapie auswahlen und deren Wirksamkeit in Prozenten auswerten.

An abnormal glucose tolerance is often found in patients with psychiatric or neurologic diseases, and the problem is then, what does this abnormal glucose tolerance mean and what is the relation between this and the patient's psychic state.

1. α-Aminoadipic acid and lysine are increased in the urine of thyroidectomized dog. 2. Pipecolic acid is increased in the urine of rat treated with thyroid extract. 3. Relation between thyroid function and lysine metabolism is discussed.

By mixing ferric iron with serum protein, 20 cc of serum and 1 cc of ferric chloride or ferric ammonium sulfate (l0 mg ferric iron/cc in each), in the range of pH 5.4 to 8.2, a transparent brownish red colored solution can be obtained. Paperelectrochromatography proved the iron can mainly be detected in β-globulin fraction in bovine serum and in &#945-globulin and albumin fractions in human and rabbit sera. But the absorption spectrum proved that there is no formation of any new compound, giving almost the same absorption curve as in the serum protein itself. And by lowering the pH of media below 5.4, the solution gives immediately the positive reaction of ferric iron. From these rerults it is suggested that iron will be maintained in a colloidal state keeping the stability of this state in the presence of protein molecules. Freezing and drying are the procedures quite useful for keeping this material for a long period of time without changing the chemical characteristics.

New histochemical and cytochemical methods for the demonstration of cytochrome c oxidase and of cytochrome c-cytochrome oxidase system are described, using neotetrazolium chloride in the presence of p phenylenediamine with or without additional cytochrome c. These enable the cytochemical visualization of the sites of enzyme activity at the intracellular level in fresh cell suspensions and in fresh tissue blocks under aerobic conditions, and permit the histochemical visualization of the distribution of the enzyme activity in various tissues in frozen tissue sections. The colorimetric estimation of the enzyme activity is also possible in the combination of the methods previously described.

1. Considering an imaginable important role of histamine in inflammations or allergic reactions, some clinical and experimental studies were made for the purpose of findings the relationship of the pathological changes of A. P. to local histamine. 2. Gingivae in the case of A. P. showed a remarkable quantitative increase of histamine, compared with those in the case of normal healthy controls. It could be noticed that this increase had an increasing tendency in proportion to the degree of inflammatory pathologic changes in the gingiva. 3. In the gingivae of A. P. an increase of mast cells and their morphologic changes, particularly disintegration, were seen and the grade of changes was almost parallel to an increase of histamine. 4. When a histamine solution was repeatedly injected into the mucobuccal folds of animals, a remarkable increase of histamine and mast cells in the injected gingivae were recognized with inflammatory changes. An increase of gingival histamine could be hardly recognized by means of a simple mechanical stimulation or local anaphylaxis alone. However, in the combination of two, the increase of histamine was seen and relatively remarkable inflammatory changes suggestive of A. P. were macroscopically and microscopically noticed. 5. Topical applications of the ointment mixed with sinomenine, histamine-liberating substance, and benadryl, antihistamine substance, repeated every other day in the gingival pockets, showed favorable effects in slight or early cases of A. P. 6. These observations suggest the existence of both possible role of histamine in the development of local pathologic condition of A. P. and allergic processes in etiologic factors of the disease.

New colorimetric methods for the estimation of the activities of cytochrome c oxidase and of cytochrome c-cytochrome oxidase system in tissue homogenates are described, using neotetrazolium chloride in the presence of p-phenylenediamine with or without additional cytochrome c. Optimal time of incubation, optimal concentration of the incubation medium and amounts of tissue, and simple method for the extraction of the reduced neotetrazolium chloride were determined. The reduction of neotetrazolium chloride was proportional to the amount of enzyme. Using this method, colorimetric estimations of cytochrome c-cytochrome oxidase system activity in the kidney, heart, liver, brains, and skeletal muscle were made. The procedures of these methods are very simple, and they are considered to be feasible in the combination with histochemical demonstrations of these enzyme activities.

The iron introduced into vein in the form of the serum iron colloid is rapidly incorporated into ferritin and hemoglobin in a markedly high level with the increase in their amounts, without showing any ill effects. Experiments also show that there is another course of iron metabolism for the incorporation into ferritin and hemoglobin than the physiologic course by the aid of metal combining protein. This is true, however, only in the case in which the normal function of RES is retained. The incorporation of iron into ferritin and hemoglobin is accelerated in anemic animals and delayed in those having RES whose function is disturbed. From these results the author would suggest that the anemic patients may be given a quantity of iron in the form of serum iron colloid directly into vein without causing any side effects.