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A series of experiments have been conducted with ten adult rabbits, drowning them to death in a ditch those water contains diatoms in abundance. The bones (selected ones are the femur, humerus, riHand vertebra) of these drowned rabbits have been buried underground, wrapped tightly in cellophane bags and left there for three years, and the detection of diatoms has been conducted with these bones either as they are or after cremating them in the electric'oven at 300°C, 500°C, 800°C or 1,000°C, for 20 minutes. As the results it has been clarified that diatoms can be detected in a considerable number in the bones of four limbs, and of these detectable diatoms some of them can be found even after cremation at 1,000°C for 20 minutes. This clearly proves diatoms are detectable from the bones even after a long period of time·after burial and even after cremation at high temperatures.

In connection with the cloudy swelling of the liver cell seen in the CCl4 intoxication the author observed the oxygen consumption rate of the liver slices at frequent intervals within 20 hours of CCl4 intoxication in rats. Unexpectedly, the oxygen consumption did not decrease by CCl4, intoxication in the stage where the cloudy swelling can be seen, especially in the media added with succinate. This finding suggests that the energy produced by respiration is not concerned with the swelling phenomenon in the case of CCl4 intoxication, differing from the supposition on the experiment of protozoa by using cyanide and others.

With an intention to establish definitely that detection of diatoms, vegetative plariktons, in the remains of a corpse will offer an unequivocal proof of death from drowning, even in the case where the suspected corpse has been cremated, the author observed organs and bones of 16 healthy adult rabbits which were drowned in a ditch, and burned as a whole with wood fire or incinerated in the electric oven. As the results it was found that diatoms can be detected in the interned organs so long as they remain. Even in the case where the corpse was cremated at high temperature, it is also possible to detect several kinds of diatoms in bones, the femur showing the greatest number followed by the humerus suggesting that long bones are more suitable for the detection of diatoms than any other bones, as they contain more numbers and kinds of diatoms. Thus it is concluded that detection of diatoms in the remains of the corpse suspected of drowning can definitely give an unequivocal evidence that the death is from drowning.

In the spleen of patient exposed to atomic bomb as well as in the infective spleen and leukemic spleen sometimes characteristic endothelium of the trabecular vein can be observed and this canalicula in the trabecular vein communicates with reticulum tissue of the pulp. In the subendothelial circulatory canalicula of the splenic trabecular vein there can be observed emigrating picture of various leucocytes of the vein passing this subendothelium (chemotaxisis) and these cells emigrate and accumulate outside the splenic trabecula (intrasplenic cell recurrence). Arterial blood circulates in these subendothelial canaliculae and these canaliculae are not lymph canaliculae as demonstrated by JAGER and ROSSLE. Many leucocytes flow back into the pulp outside the trabecula through this circulatory system. Also in the peritrabecular pulp a new formation of collagen fibers and a considerable number of plasma cells can be observed in various infective spleens, and splenic trabecular area is the regenerating center and reactive center in the spleen, just as lymph follicle in the spleen.

Die Autoren haben die folgende Feststellungen gemacht : 1) Die Losungen der unversehrten, zerreibten und hamolysierten Erythrocyten (Tabelle 1) am haufigsten verkurzen im Vergleiche mit der Kontrolle (0.85 per cent NaCl) die Rekalcifikationszeit des Zitratplasmas (Tabelle 2∼5). Die unversehrten Erythrocyten scheinen in dieser Hinsicht starker zu wirken, als die zerreibten und hamolysierte Zellen. Die letzten aber verhaltnismaBig ofters, als die unversehrte Zellen, verursachen eine Verlangerung der Rekalcifikationszeit oder zeigen keinen EinfluB. 2) Der Verdunnungsgrad der unversehrten, zerreibten oder hamolysierten Erythrocyten scheint uber den EinfluBcharakter auf die Gerinnungszeit nicht zu entscheiden. Doch im Vergleich mit den vorangehenden, die nachfolgende starkere Verdunnungen verlangern in der Mehrzahl der Bestimmungen die Gerinnungszeit, sehr oft haben sie keine Wirkung, oder ziemlich haufig verkurzen diese Zeit. 3) Selbstverstandlich ist die gerinnungsfordernde Wirkung von Erythrocyten viel schwacher und das ist eine Rege1 in den durchgeftihrten Experimenten, als der EinfluB des Gewebsthromboplastins auf die Rekalcifikationszeit des Zitratplasmas.

Okabayashi's radical extensive hysterectomy is one of the excellent operations for carcinoma of the cervix. In this study on the postoperative complications during the recent 5 years, we obtained the following results. 1. In the total of 861 cases studied, the primary mortality amounts to 1.2 per cent, the incidence of the uretero-vaginal fistula 2.7 per cent, the pelvic abscess 16.8 per cent, and the lymphocyst 23.3 per cent. 2. On comparing the results with our previous ones as well as those of other investigators, it is found that satisfactory results have been obtained due to the advent of various antibiotics in recent years and also due to a marked advance made in the technics of blood and fluid administration as well as anesthesia. 3. Since the various complications have not completely been overcome and they still pose an important problem, an effort should be made toward a better postoperative care in order to prevent the complications.

1. In application of ACTH on seven cases, we obtained dramatic effects on all of them this summer (1957). 2. We believe that the mechamism of ACTH actions are responsible to the diminution of inflammatory reactions in the brain. 3. We are now conducting a series of experiments with the use of animals, the results of which will be reported later.

By our method of bone marrow culture and peripheral leucocyte culture, the differentiation of leukemia from other diseases is simplified. By this method the acute form of leukemia can be differentiated from the chronic form, and the classification of leukemia by the leucocyte series becomes easy and exact. It is believed that this method is clinically quite useful.

First of all, we investigated the origin, the construction and distribution of the bronchial arteries and veins in adult rabbits, and then observed various changes of the blood vessels in experimental cavities and caseous foci and also studied the effects of streptomycin and isoniazide on the blood vessels of the cavity wall. The summary findings of the present experiments are described in the following. 1) In ten out of the fifteen rabbits emloyed, the bronchial artery originates from the right supreme intercostal artery; in three cases, in addition to this origin, it originates also from the left supreme intercostal artery; and in another case from the intercostal thoracic artery; while in the remaining one from the arc of the aorta. 2) The bronchial veins are divided into the extra-pulmonary and the intra-pulmonary veins. The former arises from the submucous blood vessels located in the proximal part of the third bronchus, and running along with the bronchial artery, finally empties into the superior Vena cava; while the latter, originating from the submucous capillaries in the distal part of the third bronchus, and after anastomosing with one another in the capsule of the bronchus, is communicated with the pulmonary veins. 3) In the caseous foci, although blood vessels are obliterated, capillaries are newly formed around the main trunks of the pulmonary artery and vein as well as around their residual branches. 4) These caseous foci are supplied with arterial blood from the bronchial arteries, the blood vessels in the bronchial wall, and the newlyformed vessels of pulmonary arterial origin. 5) The capillaries in the cavity wall are classified into three types according to their origins; namely, Type I, those regenerating from fine branches of the pulmonary vessels; Type Ⅱ, those regenerating from the main trunk of the pulmonary vessels; and Type Ⅲ, those regenerating from the bronchial artery situated in the orifice of the drainage bronchus. 6) The tuberculous cavities only in the orifice of the drainage bronchus receive an abundant supply of arterial blood directly from the bronchial artery, but those in other regions receive a scanty blood supply indirectly from the anastomoses between the bronchial artery, its sister vessels and the pulmonary artery. 7) The regeneration of blood vessels in tuberculous foci has been confirmed to occur not only in the bronchial artery and its sister blood vessels but also in the pulmonary artery and vein as well. 8) The constructions of blood vessels in the cavities treated with streptomycin or isoniazide present no significant difference from those of the control. 9) The regeneration of blood vessels and hyperemia in the cavity wall of the cases treated with streptomycin present no significant difference from those observed in the control, but the cases treated with isoniazide show marked hyperemia, newly-formed vessels, and occasional bleedings.

The two rare cases with a high fever and anemia as the chief complaints were confirmed to be acute basophilic leukemia on the basis of the following findings, namely, 1) Numerous basophiloblasts and immature basophilocytes were found in the peripheral blood and bone marrow picture, but there were few neutrophils. 2) By the culture of bone marrow in cover-slips the growth type to acute leukemia, these basophilocytes appearing in the growth zone were clearly distinguishable from neutrophils, eosinophils or monocytes by the modus of their movement and cellular structure. 3) In vitro fluid medium culture revealed that blasts decreased in number along with lapse of time whereas immature and mature basophilocytes increased in inverse proportion. Having encountered these two rare cases of acute basophilic leukemia and being able to autopsy one of them, the authors report their case findings and confirm the distinction of basophiloblasts. Judging from these findings, the authors are of the opinion that some modification seems to be in the offering as regard the Naegeli's myeloblast theory.

With the purpose to elucidate morphologically the site where fat synthesis takes place in the cell, electron-microscopic observation has been conducted on the interscapular brown fat tissue of mice at various periods of carbohydrate introduction after starvation. By starving mice, the depot lipids in the brown fat have been discharged almost completely, and the carbohydrate introduction has caused the biosynthesis of lipids from carbohydrtates in the same tissue. Observations on the tissues proved that the lipogenesis in the brown fat tissue cells takes place in the ground substance keeping the intimate correlation with the endoplasmic reticulum but not in the mitochondria.

The ascitic monocytes and subcutaneous cells and tissues of sensitized animals have been observed after exposing to antigen for the purpose of revealing the disintegration processes of the cells related with inflammation and it has been proved that the permeability of the cell membrane increases markedly resulting in the swelling of the cells at the moment when the cells come in contact with antigen. The localization of the antigen in the Arthus' phenomenon will be the results of the gelatination of the inter-cellular tissues and the swelling of cells. And it is indicated that the cell death accompanied by an allergic inflammation is caused by the increased permeability of the cell membrane which will result in the activation of the intra-cellular enzymes followed by the acute disintegration of the molecular structure of the cell and release of the so-called inflammatory substances.

Homogenous grafting of the ovary to patients of ovarian dysfunction all proved to be effective, but the degree of the effectiveness and the time of appearance of effect of the grafting were not fixed. Moreover, there was no relationship between the effectiveness of grafting and the type of blood. If the various conditions at the time of grafting are taken into· consideration as above mentioned, this operation utilizing as it does the ovary usually discarded at operation may be expected to bring about quite a satisfactory therapeutic result.

The grafting itself can be successful only when the type of blood between the recipient and the donor of the ovary meets the requirements for blood transfusion. In the case of success in the grafting, a marked activity of the grafted ovary can be observed about two months afterward by the vaginal smear method, but no cyclic phenomenon can be recognized nor biphasic picture suggestive of the progesterone activity in the basal body temperature.

From the histochemical studies of cytocyrome oxidase on the striated muscles of the cats and mice, the following results have been obtained. The three types of muscle fibers are distinguishable by the activity of cytochrome oxidase from each other as by the succinic dehydrogenase activity, namely, the red muscle fibers show a high cytochrome oxidase activity, the medium fibers a moderate activity, and the white muscle fibers a low activity. And it is suggested that these three types of fibers are different in their respiration, metabolism and have the different functions.

Die Autoren geben bekannt, daβ das SZIRMAI'sche Myotonometer nicht nur in der Diagnostik der Stomatologie auch von Bedeutung ist, sondern man ist imstande mit Hilfe des Apparates nicht nur auf dentalem Gebiet, sondern auch bei anderen verschiedentlichen Krankheiten die Einwirkung der Medikamente auf die Kaumuskel bzw. auch auf den Musculus Masseter aus zu werten. Somit konnen wir bei der zahnarztlichen Therapie die objektivste Behandlungsmethode erwahlen.

The counting of reticulocyte number by the routine method on the dye fillms often leads to a poor result. This can be avoided by counting them on the collodion dye film on which the almost equal distribution of reticulocytes can be attained.

From these findings, we confirmed that the tongue-like process formations of the cells which are still believed as the platelets formation by many investigators, would be nothing but the presentation of the cell degeneration and platelets are separated only from the tips of tentacles.

From the histochemical studies of succinic dehydrogenase on the striated muscle of the fish, frog, bird and mammal, the following results were obtained. (1) The red muscle fiber shows a higher succinic dehydrogenase activity, while the white muscle fiber a lower activity. The third type of muscle fiber "medium fiber", which is intermediate in the succinic dehydrogenase activity between the red and white muscle fiber, is observed practically in all of the striated muscle of mammals. (2) There is a good parallelism between succinic dehydrogenase activity and stainability to Sudan black B among the three types of muscle fibers. (3) From the nature of the constituent fibers, muscles can be divided into three groups, i. e., gastrocnemius type, soleus type and diaphragma type. (4) Those belonging to the gastrocnemius type are composed of three types of fibers, i. e., those of large size, low in activity of succinic dehydrogenase reaction and low in sudanophilicity; those of small size, high in enzymatic activity and in sudanophilicity; and those of medium size, moderate in enzymaticactivity and in sudanophilicity. (5) Those belonging to the soleus type, are composed of fibers almost equal in size which can be divided into two by the enzymatic activity and sudanophilicity, excepting the few with low enzymatic activity. (6) Those belonging to diaphragma type, are composed of three kinds of fibers showing different enzymatic activity as in the case of gastrocnemius type, but there is no correlation between the size and the enzymatic activity and sudanophilicity differing from the latter. (7) The difference in succinic dehydrogenase reaction as demonstrated among three types of fibers is due to the difference in number or in activity of mitochondria. (8) The pigeon breast muscle is composed mostly of red muscle fibers, and a few white muscle fibers, while the sparrow breast muscle is composed only of red muscle fibers. (9) The bloody colored muscle of the fish corresponds to the red muscle of the mammals. The white muscle of the fish is composed of three types of fibers. (10) The frog muscle is cmposed of three types of fibers.

In an attempt to pursue the relationship of the fine structure of a cell to the biochemical function, the author at first tried to demonstrate cytochemically the actual sites of activity of enzymes in the terminal electron transport system involved in energy production with the use of the electron microscope. Namely, cytochemical reactions were performed by using potassium tellurite, a heavy metal salt, and then the author succeeded in the electron microscopic detection of the enzymes by freezing-drying method and by means of formalin fixation, strong reducing agents and osmium tetroxide fixation. As the results the author has been able to verify that the reactions of the enzymes belonging to the terminal electron transport system are found localizing in the mitochondria being arranged fairly densely and continuously on the critae and partially on the membrane, although some differences in the grade of the activity are found in each mitochondria even in one cell and a marked difference between the mitocndria belonging to the different kinds of cells. Furthermore, it has been clarified that the activity of the endogenous dehydrogenase system (mainly DPNH- or TPNH-dehydrogenase and others) is chiefly strong in cristae, and that the succinoxidase system exists both in cristae and membrane.