result 1554 件
| Author | Matsuo, Nobushige| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1998-06-10 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Content Type | Article |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41533 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_030_1_111_116.pdf |
| Author | Fujimoto, Takao| Ranade, Ravindra R.| |
| Abstract | This note is aimed at presenting an easy and simple proposition on the univalence of a given nonlinear differentiable mapping whose Jacobian matrix has sign-regularity. First the notion of sign-regularity of Jacobian matrix on a domain is defined. We classifY the sign patterns into four categories: plus, minus, zero, and the rest. The plus sign is given to the (i, j) entry of the Jacobian matrix when the i-th component function is always increasing with respect to the j-th coordinate variable, the negative sign when the function is always decreasing, and the sign of zero when the function does not include the j-th coordinate variable. Otherwise, the sign is set as an asterisk *. Our proof is simple and elementary by use ofthe mean value theorem. In the final section, we give a list of our future research topics, some of which are under way. Especially a generalization to discontinuous mappings should be interesting. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-06-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 111 |
| End Page | 116 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129990 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41532 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Lodging Houses for the Poor in Tokyo in the End of Meiji Era |
| FullText URL | oer_030_1_083_110.pdf |
| Author | Kandatsu, Haruki| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-06-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 83 |
| End Page | 110 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129921 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41531 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The Rise of Share Prices in the Early Stage of Bubble Formation : 1983-85 |
| FullText URL | oer_030_1_063_082.pdf |
| Author | Ichinose, Atsushi| |
| Abstract | Though a common view holds that bubbles bagan their formation from 1986, we cannot easily agree. Share prices, at least, began to contain bubbles from 1984. Though share prices during 1983-85 stayed within changes of so-called fundamentals, current profit of companies, which is one of the two fundamentals, contained profit from that very rise of share prices. Explaining bubbles through the concept of "fundamentals" will inevitably go around in circles. We should rather pay attention to the fact that at the end of 1984, the ratio of the total sum of shares to GNP, listed on all the stock exchanges, valued at current market prices, amounted to 56.1% which is an unprecedented high figure. The bubbles in share prices owed greatly to the positive absorption of overseas short-term fund by foreign exchange banks from 1984. They took advantage of the abolition, in 1984, of so-called yen-ten regulation, which had long restricted, to a degree, the banks' conversion of dollars, taken in from overseas financial centers, into yen. After the abolition some parts of the converted money were vigorously invested into domestic stock market. Greater part of the money taken in was appropriated to their own external investment, and the rest to security investment, particularly in shares. Consequently, share prices were raised. It is not that big banks were excluded from financing to big firms but that they remained doing so, transforming themselves into by far the biggest undertaker of so-called equity finance. The above mechanism evolves extensively throughout the stages offull-scale bubbles. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-06-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 63 |
| End Page | 82 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129920 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41530 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Steel-smelting System of the Showa Iron & Steel Works in the Late 1940 s |
| FullText URL | oer_030_1_043_061.pdf |
| Author | Matsumoto, Toshiro| |
| Abstract | The Showa Iron & Steel Works (the Anshan Iron & Steel Co. after the war) lost over 60% of its steel-smelting facility when the Red Army (The Soviet Army) confiscated the equipment of the company. One of its two steel-smelting factories was completely destroyed. The production capacity fell down from 1,330,000 tons / year to 500,000 tons / year. The AISC, however, recovered its maximum pre-war level in 1952-53. The output of steel ingot was 843,000 in 1943, 770,000 in 1952, and 976,000 in 1953. This paper aims to examine the reason why the operation of the company recovered so quickly in spite of its serious war damage. The factors which enabled the company to rebuild its production were as follows: (1) the remaining equipment of the first steel-smelting factory; (2) highly educated and well trained Japanese engineers; (3) documents of SISW concerning the operation of its equipment; (4) flexible leadership of the AISC; (5) strong motivation of Chinese engineers and Chinese workers. Technical knowledge and experience were quite important for the AISC, especially when it started its operation. Some parts ofthe first steel-smelting factory was much improved by the Chinese engineers, using the then existing documents of SISW. A conversion of preliminary smelting furnaces to open hearth furnaces was the most successful example. Chinese engineers bravely tried an un-experienced method in the face of Japanese engineers' warning, considering the new circumstances for steel production. Unbelievable hard work of Chinese engineers and workers sustained those process. All of these factors were necessary to accomplish the rapid reconstruction of the company. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-06-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 43 |
| End Page | 61 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129919 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41529 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Chinese Society Today Observed through Abbreviations with Numerals (I) |
| FullText URL | oer_030_1_001_041.pdf |
| Author | Oka, Masumi| |
| Abstract | In this study, I will clarifY the phases of Chinese society today through abbreviations with numerals which have been created recently. Many abbreviations with numerals have been used as political slogans by the Chinese Communist Party. The abbreviation, "yi-guo liang-zhi", for example, was created in the middle of 1980's, and it has been used very widely not only in China but also in the other part of the world. It is an abbreviation of "yi-ge guojia liang-zhong zhidu" which means "one country, two systems". Beijing has been using it to express its policy towards Taiwan and Hong Kong. The wide acceptance and acknowledgement ofthe abbreviation by the Chinese people has brought about several parodies such as "yi-jia liangzhi" (one family, two systems), "yi-jia liang--qi" (one family, two wives) and "yi-ehang liang-zhi" (one factory, two systems). These parodies reflect some phases ofthe Chinese society very vividly. I picked up nearly 400 abbreviations with numerals from a bimonthly magazine BANYUETAN in the latter half of 1996 and in 1997. I have selected those which reflect the social phanomena in 1990's, and which are not reported in Nasu [1991). I tried to classify the selected ones in terms of the themes such as the Party's basic policy, state enterprises, agriculture, etc. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-06-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 1 |
| End Page | 41 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Author | Kandatsu, Haruki| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Content Type | Article |
| Author | Matsuo, Nobushige| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Content Type | Article |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41526 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | An Overview of the Canadian Economy in Comparative Perspective - Economic Growth, Wages, Industrial Structure and Foreign Trade - |
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_371_394.pdf |
| Author | lchinose, Atsushi| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 371 |
| End Page | 394 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130028 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41525 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | An Essay on the Whole Image of Keynes's Concept of of Uncertainty |
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_347_370.pdf |
| Author | Nishigaki, Narunto| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 347 |
| End Page | 370 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130027 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41524 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Money and the Labour Theory of Value in Yukio Itoh's Work |
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_325_345.pdf |
| Author | Wada, Yutaka| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 325 |
| End Page | 345 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130026 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41523 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | On the Raid of US Air Force against the Manshu Iron & Steel Company in 1944 |
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_303_323.pdf |
| Author | Matsumoto, Toshiro| |
| Abstract | US Air Force bombed the Manshu Iron & Steel Company (MISC) in Anshan five times in 1944. All these air raids were organized by the 20 th Air Force of the US based in Chengdu, Sichuang province, and two attacks among five left the MISC serious damages. The B 29, the Superfortress, which was newly developed in the US and distributed to the China theater in April of 1944, was mobilized in the operations. The damage of the MISC between July to November 1944 was quite heavy, and losses to assumed output became huge as follows; coke 46.5%, pig iron 50.2%, steel ingot 58.3, rolled steel 62.4%. Those damages were, however, quickly recovered to considerably high level by March of 1945, i.e. coke 93.8%, pig iron 99.1%, steel ingot 73.2%, rolled steel 98.3%. Even after the confiscation by the Russian Red Army, the coke sector resumed its production ability to over 88% by 1953. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the degree of the air raid damages, and to describe the reconstruction process of the coke sector, which was most seriously destroyed by those bombings. The report of the United States Strategic Bombing Survey and some unknown memoirs written by the ex-staff of the MISC are used as main sources. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 303 |
| End Page | 323 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130025 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41522 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_285_302.pdf |
| Author | Haruna, Shoji| |
| Abstract | This paper shows that the discussion of Lambertini and Rossini (1998) as to the strategic investment levels oflabour-managed firms in a labour-managed (LM) duopoly is misleading. This is due to the fact that there is no duality between the conditions for maximisation and minimisation, and what is worse, an equilibrium needed for comparison is interior when the investment behaviour of the firms is discussed along the conventional method. We reconsider whether they overinvest or underinvest in R&D, employing a more general model with R&D spillovers. It is demonstrated that results obtained in the LM duopoly are similar to those in a conventional duopoly of profit-maximising firms. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 285 |
| End Page | 302 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130035 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41521 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_277_283.pdf |
| Author | Fujimoto, Takao| Herrero, Carmen| |
| Abstract | This note is to extend a well-known theorem due to Gale and Nikaido on the univalence of nonlinear mappings. Our approach is based on a simple elimination method of variables, and the key proposition used is the implicit function theorem. In terms of the condition on signs of principal minors, our result is more general than that of Gale and Nikaido since the sign of a minor can be positive or negative. Besides we require the sign condition only for the leading principal minors. On the other hand, the domain of mappings we can deal with has to be unbounded for all but one variable. In addition, the value of each principal minor must be in a finite range. Some remarks are given in the final section. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 277 |
| End Page | 283 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130034 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41520 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The Return of Japanese Evacuees to Seattle |
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_253_275.pdf |
| Author | Kurokawa, Katsutoshi| |
| Abstract | By the order of the United States Government, Japanese and Japanese Americans were removed from the Pacific Coast early in the World War II. When the victory of allies became not so far away, therefore, the return of evacuated people to their former homes turned up as the problem. Many groups began their activities for and against the return of Japanese and Japanese Americans to the Pacific States. The purpose of this note is to analyze the activities of some of these organizations, especially in Seattle. One of the organizations that helped the peaceful return of Japanese to Seattle was the Civic Unity Committee. It was established in February 1944 by Seattle Mayor William F. Devin to alleviate the racial tensions. The Seattle Times, which had supported the removal of Japanese from the Seattle early in the war, cooperated the CUC and helped the return of Japanese in its editorials and articles. The articles that emphasized the activities of Nisei soldiers who were fighting in Europe were especially effective. Some labor unions and councils that affiliated to the American Federation of Labor opposed to the return of Japanese to Seattle. The antagonistic campaign by the Teamsters, which was led by Dave Beck, was especially serious and harmful for the successful return of Japanese. The unions and councils that belonged to the Congress of Industrial Organizations, on the other hand, supported the return ofJapanese to the Pacific Coast. The International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union, which was led by Harry Bridges, suspended the Stockton Unit of Local 6 when some leaders of the unit refused to work with returned Japanese. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 253 |
| End Page | 275 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 40000324671 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41519 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The Ambiguity Incorporated into Marketing Activity |
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_235_251.pdf |
| Author | Kuriki, Kei| |
| Abstract | From the beginning, marketing has been a convertor of social value systems. In this article, we investigate this feature of marketing. First we look back upon the appearance of Consumption Society. In 1920's Western countries were coverd with this new mode of consumption. At the same time, new-style sales activities came into existence. They were generically called marketing. Next, we attempt to grasp the relationship between these two simultaneous events. Marketing has a double relation to consumption. The principle of the marketing is paradoxical. Marketing is the activities that create objects to which the very activity should adapt. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 235 |
| End Page | 251 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130024 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41518 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Budgeting and Accounting for the Independent Administrative Corporations: Key Concepts and Issues |
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_207_234.pdf |
| Author | Yamamoto, Kiyoshi| |
| Abstract | New semi-autonomus public bodies will be established in 2001. The bodies are called the Independent Administrative Corporations (IACs) which implement the public services in accordance with the middle term strategic plan. IACs have a discretionary power in allocating the operating fund into their operating activities, while the capital expenditures are basically regulated by their ministers in charge and the Finance Minister. Also their accountings adopt an accrual based standard. However, the finance guidelines for lACs have some significant problems. First, the financial behavior might be little affected through accrual accounting, since budgeting and allocation of resources are implemented in a cash based style as before. Second, their autonomy on operation would be largely restrained by the limitation in which they have not a mandate for capital expenditures; the quality of public services is influenced by capital expenditures or standards other than operating expenditures. In this regard, two possible alternatives in budgeting and accounting are indicated. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 207 |
| End Page | 234 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130023 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41517 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The Chinese Society under Jiang Zemin's Regime Observed through Popular Jingles |
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_177_205.pdf |
| Author | Oka, Masumi| |
| Abstract | In my previous works, I tried to analyze the various phases of the Chinese society through six hundred popular jingles or "minyao" under the regime of Deng Xiaoping, and also made it clear that the unprecedented boom of popular jingles was caused by the expansion of social contradictions and partial acquiescence of jingles critical of the regime. In this study, I refer to when and how often special articles on popular jingles appeared in the monthly magazines of Hong-Kong, and try to clarify the interrelation between the special articles and the changes in China's open policies. Then, I selected about thirty popular jingles which are interesting and impressive. They show some of the typical social phenomena in the latter half of 1990's. They indicate that the corruption among high government officials is prevailing and that the sexual morality of the whole society is also on the brink of a crisis. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 177 |
| End Page | 205 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130022 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41516 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_153_175.pdf |
| Author | Shimizu, Koichi| |
| Abstract | At the end of the 20th century, the Japanese automobile industry is suffering from the long depression of Japanese economy to such an extent that sorne of Japanese carmakers were not able to survive without cooperating with foreign powerful carmakers. Nissan has been in restructuring under the French managers dispatched by Renault. Suzuki and Isuzu began to reinforce their cooperation with GM, whereas Fuji Heavy Industry (Subaru) and Mitsubishi are searching for their Western partners. It is only Toyota and Honda that seem to be able to compete by themselves on globalized automobile markets. Irony of the history, because until the end of the 1980s all Japanese carmakers were regarded as the most competitive companies of the world by incarnating the 'Lean Production' model whose basic model is the Toyota Production System. This stereotype has to be dismissed, because they have been having neither the same management nor the same strategy. This paper then tries to show the history of Japanese automobile industry from its very beginning to mid-1990 when the majority of carmakers are facing a crisis. In doing so, it presents the specifie characteristics of Toyota by placing it in the historical perspective. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 153 |
| End Page | 175 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130033 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41515 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_133_151.pdf |
| Author | Satoh, Michimasa| |
| Abstract | The essence of the Statement of cash flows required by FASB's Statement of financial accounting standards No. 95 in 1987 is the cash basis statement of changes in a financial position, because it must show the reconciliation between net income and CFO (Cash flow from operations) in the main body or in the footnote of the statement. The year 1987 when the new basic financial statement appeared was the starting point from which the effort should be made to formulate new conceptual framework of financial accounting that accommodates three basic financial statements: the Balance sheet, Income statement, and the Statement of cash flows. However, little argument has been aroused toward this direction in the U. S. It is mainly because the traditional and conventional double entry bookkeeping system that is designed to prepare only the Balance sheet and the Income statements are deeply rooted to the conventional accounting philosophy. This system can be called "two dimensional accounting system", one dimension for the Balance sheet and another dimension for the Income statement. What we need now is to construct an accounting system that can produce all three basic financial statement at the same time. Such a system can be called "three dimensional double entry accounting system", and will be demonstrated in this paper. This 3 D accounting system can provide underlying basis for the Statement of cash flows as the basic financial statement, in terms of the system of accounts as well as the conceptual structure. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 133 |
| End Page | 151 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130032 |
