result 1554 件
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER41614 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Effectiveness of Performance Related Pay - Introduction and Its Outcome in the U. K. Civil Service - |
| FullText URL | oer_028_1_023_042.pdf |
| Author | Yamamoto, Kiyoshi| |
| Abstract | In Japan, the introduction of Performance Related Pay (PRP) has been one of the significant changes in employers' approaches to personnel management in the last few years. In PRP the level of pay is defined and made contingent upon certain levels of performance, and its theoretical framework rests on expectancy theory. This theory is based on assumption that individuals will increase their effort to gain more rewards, resulting in increased performance. So it suggests that expectancy perceptions can be strengthened through appraisal system where the link between effort and performance can be demonstrated. Also many employers use PRP as a strategic tool to force changes in values and cultures of their organizations. However the empirical studies demonstrating the effectiveness of PRP are few in Japan. Therefore a survey of government organizations in the UK known to be recently introduced PRP was carried out. We also implemented comparative studies in organizational culture between Japanese civil service and the UK's, because they could identifY the important factors in introducing and implementing processes of PRP in Japan. The principal findings are : 1) Although the principles of PRP are mainly accepted, PRP does not work well as a monetary incentive for improving performance. 2) The recognition with non-monetary incentives is more effective in promoting employee's motivation than a monetary incentive through PRP. 3) Integrating with performance management system has an impact on the organizational culture. 4) Compared to the Japanese civil service, UK's culture is more result-oriented and enterprising while more procedual and regulated. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1996-06-05 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 23 |
| End Page | 42 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129815 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41613 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | On Relation between Adjustment to Japanese Society and Social Support of Chinese Students Studying in Japan at Private Expense |
| FullText URL | oer_028_1_001_022.pdf |
| Author | Oka, Masumi| Fukada, Hiromi| Jou, Yuh Huey| |
| Abstract | The present study examines the relation between the adjustment of Chinese students to the Japanese life and social support they need from others or various support they can give to others. Eighty Chinese students studying in Okayama prefecture at private expense responded to our questionaire. The former studies (Jou & Fukada [1995 a, 1995 b]) clarified that there was a negative relation between needed support of Chinese students and their adjustment or their satisfaction with campus life. Based upon the result of these studies, we predicted a negative relation between them also in the present study. Namely, we presupposed that the more support they needed, the less adjustment and the less satisfaction they would have. The present study, however, has revealed that there seems to be no relation between them. We also predicted a positive relation between the amount of support Chinese students can afford to others and their adjustment or their satisfaction with campus life. That is, we thought that the more support they could provide, the better adjustment and the more satisfaction they can have. The data obtained in this study have also revealed that there exists a positive relation in general between Chinese students' support providable to others and their adjustment or their satisfaction with campus life. Further analyses using subscores, however, indicate that every area or type of providable support does not necessarily have a positive relation with every area of adjustment or every area of satisfaction with campus life. Moreover, our study has revealed that there also exists a negative relation between them though in an extremely minor part. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1996-06-05 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 1 |
| End Page | 22 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129814 |
| Author | Matsuo, Nobushige| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1998-03-15 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Content Type | Article |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41611 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Some Problems of Okayama University Library |
| FullText URL | oer_029_4_155_186.pdf |
| Author | Kandatsu, Haruki| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-03-15 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 155 |
| End Page | 186 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129916 |
| Author | Arima, Nobuhisa| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1998-03-15 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Content Type | Article |
| Author | Yamada, Akira| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1998-03-15 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Content Type | Article |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41608 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_029_4_125_132.pdf |
| Author | Fujimoto, Takao| Ranade, Ravindra R.| |
| Abstract | This paper presents a geometrical approach to the univalence problem for a system of cost functions. We present a natural (almost tautological) extension of a geometrical theorem due to McKenzie: our sufficient condition is related to the non-separability of two cones formed by convex combinations of the rows of the Jacobian matrix. This means that the cones spanned by the rows of Jacobian matrix (i.e., production coefficients) do not move wildly so that the two cones corresponding to the two end points (i.e., factor price vectors) cannot be separated by the hyperplane orthogonal to the vector of changes in factor prices. Unlike most ofthe previous propositions, our condition can naturally include as a special case such linear systems as having a non-singular matrix. We also give an alternative condition employing the concept of monotone functions. Dual to the above result is one more condition, which is shown to be closely connected with Kuhn's WARP-like requirement when the given functions are concave as well as homogeneous of degree one. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-03-15 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 125 |
| End Page | 132 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129917 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41607 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Japanischer Militärarzt und Dichter Rintarou Ougai MORI in Sachsen, 1884-1886 |
| FullText URL | oer_029_4_087_124.pdf |
| Author | Matsuo, Nobushige| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-03-15 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 87 |
| End Page | 124 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129912 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41606 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | On the Matting Industry in Hayashima District of Okayama Prefecture in the Pre-Wored War II Period |
| FullText URL | oer_029_4_061_086.pdf |
| Author | Kandatsu, Haruki| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-03-15 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 61 |
| End Page | 86 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129911 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41605 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The Accumlation of Local Debt and the Reform on the System of Accounts in Local Public Finance |
| FullText URL | oer_029_4_029_060.pdf |
| Author | Sakamoto, Chuji| |
| Abstract | Recently in Japan, we found much public debt in local public finance. In this treatise, we refer to some backgrounds of current increase of local debt, and analyze the present situation of Okayama Prefecture. We also investigate the financial structures of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Hiroshima Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture. Following these analyseis, we suggest the necessity to introduce the system of stock-accounts including double entry bookkeeping in local public finance. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-03-15 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 29 |
| End Page | 60 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129910 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41604 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Promoting Research Activities and Management Reform in Universities : An Approach from Policy Sciences |
| FullText URL | oer_029_4_001_028.pdf |
| Author | Yamamoto, Kiyoshi| |
| Abstract | Many commentators have insisted without empirical evidence that the heterogeneity of fuculty members promotes the research activities in universities. We have to examine whether or not this assertion would be valid and which element of heterogeneity may contribute to promoting research outputs. This article investigates the relationship between heterogeneity in educational background and research performance, then examines how the Science Research Grant has been allocated to faculties in economics. The result shows that the more heterogeneous faculty members are, the more the research outputs increase. The analysis also indicates that the research performance has been little considered in making decision for adoption while it has made significant effect on the amount of grant for the adopted subject. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-03-15 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 1 |
| End Page | 28 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129909 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41603 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Reconsideration on My Seminar in Okayama University |
| FullText URL | oer_029_3_109_138.pdf |
| Author | Kandatsu, Haruki| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-12-10 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 109 |
| End Page | 138 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129905 |
| Author | Katayama, Sadao| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1997-12-10 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Content Type | Article |
| Author | Nakano, Michiko| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1997-12-10 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Content Type | Article |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41600 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_029_3_079_085.pdf |
| Author | Fujimoto, Takao| |
| Abstract | This note is to provide a bridge between traditional local analysis for comparative statics and its global counterpart. Many economists vaguely believe that it is possible to obtain a global result by applying consecutively a series of local results. This belief is not well founded in models where parameters enter in a not-so-simple way. An example is given to show that local analysis is after all local. In the proof of the first main theorem, a consecutive use of a well known local result is employed. Some necessary assumptions are explicitly stated. Then this theorem is applied to establish another main theorem in which a simple repetitive application of local analysis may break down because some required properties cease to hold. This two-stage approach seems to be useful in tackling with other types of equations. As an application of our theorems, a general equilibrium model with Hicksian imperfect stability is taken up. A comparative statics result due to Hicks is extended to the case of global changes. An interesting point to note is that when dealing with global comparative statics, the old system plays no explicit role. Only the new system matters together with the new and old equilibrium values. Understanding this point is important when we come to consider such real situations as involve technical changes in which new processes as well as new commodities turn up. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-12-10 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 79 |
| End Page | 85 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129908 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41599 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Socio-Economic Features of the Meiji Era Reflected in Literature |
| FullText URL | oer_029_3_057_077.pdf |
| Author | Kandatsu, Haruki| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-12-10 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 57 |
| End Page | 77 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129904 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41598 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Representative Arguments on the Formation of Bubbles : Pigeonholing the Points at Issue - The Period of Bubbles (1) - |
| FullText URL | oer_029_3_031_055.pdf |
| Author | Ichinose, Atsushi| |
| Abstract | The aim of this paper is to compare and examine the following three books focusing our attention on the process of the formation of bubbles: Giichi Miyazaki, The Compound Depression, 1992: Yukio Noguchi, Economics of Bubbles, 1992: Yoshio Suzuki, Monetary Policy in Japan, 1993. Miyazaki deems the first phase of bubble formation to be 1983-87 and the second to be 1988-89. His subjective intention is to explain bubbles through deregulation of finance. Yet objectively, his analysis emphasizes firstly, the Bank's intervention (increase of money supply) after the Plaza agreement, and secondly, MOF's preferential treatments on taxation to firms. His biggest problem is the ambiguity in his basis of the above phase-division, which affects his wlole discussion. Noguchi regards the latter half of 1980's as the bubble period. He points out, first of all, the prosperity of so-called equity finance and zaiteku (technology of finance) as formative factors. Secondly, above all, he refers to the prolonged cheap money. Nevertheless he isn't successful in explaining why bubbles began to swell from the year 1986. Suzuki deems the years 1988-89 to be the bubble period. He argues that it is the long-maintainded cheap money policy, which later proved to be an over-reaction to the Black Monday in Oct. 1987, that brought about bubbles. His arguments are clear, but seem to part from the reality. He excludes the years 1986-87 from the bubble period, as to neglect the extravagant inflow of short-term foreign money and the Bank's intervention above. To conclude, it is very important to clarify to the utmost extent when bubbles began to swell. This prescribes one's analysis of bubbles. We regard 1983-85 as the early phase of formation and 1986-89 as that of fuller-scale. Furthermore the possibility of watered fundamentals as well as the exorbitant short-term capital inflow during 1986-87 (and its relation to bubbles) should not be overlooked. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-12-10 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 31 |
| End Page | 55 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129903 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41597 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The Tasks for Decentralization and Financial Reform - Concerning the Second Report of the Local Decentralization Promoting Committee - |
| FullText URL | oer_029_3_001_029.pdf |
| Author | Sakamoto, Chuji| |
| Abstract | In my last two papers, I have studied some points of issue on local decentralization, concerning the interim report and the first report by the local decentralization promoting committee. In this paper, we investigate on the historical aspects and the present situation of Kikaninin-Jimu (agency delegated functions) in Japan, and then, we study the intergovernmental financial reforms after the abolition of 'Kikaninin-Jimu'. We are discussing the rationalization of special grants, the intensification of local taxes and the reforms of the floting system of local debts, relating to the second report of the local decentralization promoting committee in 1997. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-12-10 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 1 |
| End Page | 29 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129902 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41596 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | My Lectures and Seminars in the Evening Course of Okayama University |
| FullText URL | oer_029_2_133_161.pdf |
| Author | Kandatsu, Haruki| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-09-05 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 133 |
| End Page | 161 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129900 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41595 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_029_2_119_132.pdf |
| Author | Fujimoto, Takao| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-09-05 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 119 |
| End Page | 132 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129896 |
