result 49252 件
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41552 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Equity and Efficiency in Adam Smith |
| FullText URL | oer_030_3_183_196.pdf |
| Author | Niimura, Satoshi| |
| Abstract | This paper examined whether Adam Smith thought equity and efficiency were compatible or incompatible in the civilized society. In terms of thi$ issue this paper considered the relationship between sympathy and utility in Theory of Moral Sentiments, that between inequality and opulence in Draft of Wealth of Nations, and that between liberty and wealth in Wealth of Nations. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1999-03-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 183 |
| End Page | 196 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129953 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41551 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | A Survey ofthe Historical Studies in Japan and the World regarding the Iron and Steel Industry in Northeast China during 1940 s-1950 s |
| FullText URL | oer_030_3_163_182.pdf |
| Author | Matsumoto, Toshiro| |
| Abstract | The iron and steel industry in northeast China has been playing an important role both in the Manchukuo period and the Socialist China. The academic achievements of the historical analysis concerning the industry during 1940s and 1950s, however, has not been so rich, because of the following two reasons; (1) lack of historical materials; (2) ideological obstacles against recognizing the rapid economic development under the Manchukuo regime and its aftermath toward the new born China. Many historical resources were lost in the chaos during and just after the WWII. None the less, not negligible amount ofmaterials exist not only in Anshan but in Nanjing, Taipei, Tokyo, Washington, London etc., crossing widely the boundaries of the counties. The iron and steel industry is a key military industry. For this reason, the Communist and the Nationalist had strictly prohibited researchers to use their collections until 1980s. On the other hand, the image on the socialism had for long been simply stereotyped as justice or liberation among the historians in Japan after 1945. Such a situation reflexes the important truth of the history. It has, however, made the research angle of the historians inadequate to recognize the positive aspects of the industry developed by colonial authorities. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1999-03-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 163 |
| End Page | 182 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129952 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41550 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | 'We Will Construct Our Assembly Line' ( I ) : the Case of the Tahara No.1 Plant of Toyota |
| FullText URL | oer_030_3_125_162.pdf |
| Author | Shimizu, Koichi| |
| Abstract | Since the Beginning of 1990 s, Toyota has been pursuing a new direction in its human resource management and assembly work. After encountering a labor crisis-labor shortage and high turn over of young workers-during the economic boom provoked by the "financial bubble" toward the end of 1980 s, Toyota's management and Union discussed ways of making the work more attractive. Based on this discussion, the production eugineering division developed a new kssembly line concept realized firstly at Toyota Kyushu plant (1992), applied also to Toyota's Motomachi No.2 plant (1994), Tahara No.1 plant (1995) and Motomachi No.1 plant (1996). Among these plants, the construcion of the assembly line at Tahara No. 1 plant constitutes a unique case in the fact that it was not the production engineering division, but the foremen, supervisors and engineers belonging to the plant who conceived and constructed this new assembly line. Moreover, in order to realize what they considered as their ideal assembly line, they proposed to the product development center an important change of car structure and parts design from the very beginning of product development where the so called "concurrent engineering" has started. The first part of this paper explains, and thus why and how they conceived and constructed their own assembly line after presenting this assembly line concept and work orgnaization in this plant. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1999-03-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 125 |
| End Page | 162 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129951 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41549 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Strategic Games and R&D Investment with Spillovers |
| FullText URL | oer_030_3_107_124.pdf |
| Author | Haruna, Shoji| |
| Abstract | The paper considers the problem of whether in a strategic two-stage game duopolistic firms make an overinvestment or underinvestment in R & D when there are their spillovers. We deal with two cases of Cournot quantity and Bertrand price competitions. It is shown that in Cournot (Bertrand) competition each firm has an incentive to use a larger (less) or less (larger) investment than the one required to minimize the costs of investment according as its rival's spillover rate is relatively small or large. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1999-03-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 107 |
| End Page | 124 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129950 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41548 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Progressive Taxation and Income Inequality: The Intermediate View of Inequality |
| FullText URL | oer_030_3_091_105.pdf |
| Author | Yoshida, Tateo| |
| Abstract | It is known that the post-tax income is more equally distributed than pre-tax income according to any μ-invariant inequality index satisfying Dalton's principle of transfers, if, and only if, a tax function is progressive for μ-inequality (Pfingsten [8]). This paper provides a rigorous formulation of the equivalence, both in strong and weak form. We show that any non-equally distributed pre-tax income distribution is dominated by the resulting post-tax income distribution in the sense of the μ - Lorenz criterion if, and only if, a tax function satisfies both (a)incentive preserving taxation and (b)progressive taxation for μ-inequality. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1999-03-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 91 |
| End Page | 105 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129949 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41547 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Description of Tokyo in the Essay : "Tokyo no 30 nen" (30 Years of Tokyo) by Katai Tayama |
| FullText URL | oer_030_3_057_089.pdf |
| Author | Kandatsu, Haruki| |
| Abstract | The Essay "Tokyo no 30 nen" (30 years of Tokyo), written by Katai Tayama, is said to his recollections of the Literary World of Meiji-Taisho Era. In this essay, Author Katai wrote not only his own process of growth as novel writer, but also appearances of streets of Tokyo, air of suburbs of Tokyo, and circumstances ofthe people. The purpose ofthis paper is to grasp of changes of Tokyo during Meiji Era through analyse ofthis essay. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1999-03-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 57 |
| End Page | 89 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129948 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41546 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | A Note on the Fiscal Reform in the Present People's Republic of China - Focussing on Local Public Finance under the Market Economy of Socialism in China - |
| FullText URL | oer_030_3_025_056.pdf |
| Author | Sakamoto, Chuji| |
| Abstract | This is a note to treat the fiscal reform in the present People's Republic of China. First I make the general economic survey of People's Republic of China since the beginning of reform and open economic system in 1978 (under the market economy of socialism). Then after reviewing the economic growth, the deficit of central public finance and the regional economic differences in present China, I refer to such fiscal reforms as tax reform and the reform of intergovernmental fiscal relations. In 1994 China introduced 'bunzeisei', a system of tax division between the central and local governments. In present China, however, there is still no law of local autonomy or no competency for flotation of local debt in local governments. So it is very important to secure tax revenue (including the central government) or debt revenue in local governments and to establish the fiscal adjustment system between central and local finance. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1999-03-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 25 |
| End Page | 56 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129947 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41545 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Structural Changes of Industry and Employment in Japan |
| FullText URL | oer_030_3_001_023.pdf |
| Author | Hashimoto, Yoshizo| |
| Abstract | The Japanese industry is in a huge whirlpool. Various common senses and conventions have been seriously doubted. Nevertheless, Japan cannot yet find any exit. Even if finding it, she has spent only a time in vain without doing any effectives measure, because most of those are conflict with vested interests or conventional practices. In this paper, I will make a positive analysis of changing industry in Japan after the babble boom crash in 1991 by using Firms and Establishments Census Data and others. Then, I will make it clear that the cause of failure to buoy up her economy consists in a fact that shortage of investment opportunities in her economy has been misunderstood simply as shortage of macro effective demand. Then, comparing the structural adjustment in the first half of the 1990s with one in the second half of the 1970s, I will clarify that the most serious weak point of Japanese-styled management, which has virtually excluded rights of shareholders from their decisions, have got revealed as her economy matures. I will also say that improvement of profitability by making employment fluid is not only effective as a counter-policy to the prolonged structural depression in the open economy but also inescapable in the "affiuent" economy driven by the service industry. Lastly, in place of a conclusion, I will remind a brief summary and lessons of the US and the UK policy experiences after the 1970s. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1999-03-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 1 |
| End Page | 23 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129946 |
| Author | Kandatsu, Haruki| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1998-09-10 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Content Type | Article |
| Author | Matsuo, Nobushige| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1998-09-10 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Content Type | Article |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41542 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | A Study of an Agricultural Book, "Nōgyō shison yashinaigusa" byYoshitake Tokuyama, 1826 (1) |
| FullText URL | oer_030_2_195_220.pdf |
| Author | Kandatsu, Haruki| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-09-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 195 |
| End Page | 220 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129942 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41541 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Fluctuations, Risks and Uncertainty in Economics |
| FullText URL | oer_030_2_163_194.pdf |
| Author | Nishigaki, Narunto| |
| Abstract | This note aims at preparing a fundamental framework for our dynamics models taking true uncertainty concept into consideration, and it states the following. First, the rationalities supposed in non-neoclassical economics such as economics of complexity or economics of anomalies are wider sense concepts than that supposed in rational expectation hypothesis.But these schools coincide with each other in the viewpoint of the assumption of stationarity in the economic processes or ergodicity in the stochastic processes. Their main difference just exists between their scopes of stationarity or those of ergodicity. Second, their difference above is not a matter in the face of unpredictable economic shocks, which interrupt stationary states in any sense and should not be in any category of ergodic stochastic processes. Such a shock has a tendency to enlarge uncertainty consciousness in the mental states of the economic units whether another economic shock would come or not in the near future. Increased uncertainty might prevents a person from his rationally expecting, or if we support economics of complexity, we would think that enlarged uncertainty consciousness in human mind might invalidate the several buffers such as inventories, money and credit system, by which economic units deal with some fluctuations in normal ergodic processes. Lastly, however, uncertainty in economics is just a psychological phenomena which we may almost neglect in an ordinary way although it occasionally has serious influences on our economy. Accordingly, we should never regard uncertainty in our models as a universal factor but as a peculiar thing after an economic shock. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-09-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 163 |
| End Page | 194 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129941 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41540 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Relation between Overseas Short-term Fund Taken in by Banks and Stock Market during Full-scale Bubble Stage |
| FullText URL | oer_030_2_129_141.pdf |
| Author | Ichinose, Atsushi| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-09-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 129 |
| End Page | 141 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129939 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41539 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Japanischer Militärarzt und Dichter Rintarou Ougai MORI in Sachsen, 1884-1886 <Nachtrag> |
| FullText URL | oer_030_2_087_127.pdf |
| Author | Matsuo, Nobushige| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-09-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 87 |
| End Page | 127 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129938 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41538 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The Accumulation of Local Debt and the Reform on the System of Accounts in Local Public Finance (2) |
| FullText URL | oer_030_2_051_085.pdf |
| Author | Sakamoto, Chuji| |
| Abstract | Following the last paper, we treat the problems of recent accumulation oflocal public debt in Japan and the reform on the system of accounts in local public finance. In this paper, we investigate the characteristic of the first budget bills of prefectural governments in 1998 fiscal year, and then we refer to the financial structures ofOkayama prefecture's budget bill. Following these analysis, we discuss the tasks of the establishment of balance-sheet in local government and the necessity to introduce the system of stock-accounts including double entry bookkeeping. In this point, the recent Report of Syakai-Keizai-Seisansei-Honbu and Mie prefecture's attempt on the settlement of finance with double entry bookkeeping are very interesting, but we must say that these attempts still have some problems to solve. In the last chapter, we discuss how to analyze the stock-position of local government finance and suggest to introduce Performance Budgeting System for the present. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-09-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 51 |
| End Page | 85 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129937 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41537 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Chinese Society Today Observed through Abbreviations with Numerals (II) |
| FullText URL | oer_030_2_001_050.pdf |
| Author | Oka, Masumi| |
| Abstract | My study on abbreviations with numerals consists of three parts. This is the second part of it. Many abbreviations with numerals have been used as political slogans by the Chinese Communist Party. I try to clarify, by analyzing those abbreviations, the phases of Chinese society tdoay. I classified abbreviations with numerals in terms of the themes such as the Party's basic policy, state enterprises, agriculture, etc. In the previous part of my study, I introduced those abbreviations which reflect ① the Party's basic strategy on its "open policy" and ② essential policies on state enterprises by the Party. In this second part of my study, I deal with those which belong to ① reforms by state enterprises and by local governments, ② fundamental policies on agriculture and farming areas by the Party, and ③ reforms of farming villages by local governments. In this study it is revealed that a greater part of abbreviations have something to do with either state enterprises or agriculture. This shows they are the two biggest problems that today's China faces. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-09-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 1 |
| End Page | 50 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129936 |
| Author | Matsuo, Nobushige| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1998-06-10 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Content Type | Article |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41535 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | On "Nōgyōshisonyashinaigusa-hikae" by Yoshitake Tokuyama, 1824 |
| FullText URL | oer_030_1_159_182.pdf |
| Author | Kandatsu, Haruki| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-06-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 159 |
| End Page | 182 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129923 |
| Author | Matsuo, Nobushige| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1998-06-10 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Content Type | Article |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41533 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_030_1_111_116.pdf |
| Author | Fujimoto, Takao| Ranade, Ravindra R.| |
| Abstract | This note is aimed at presenting an easy and simple proposition on the univalence of a given nonlinear differentiable mapping whose Jacobian matrix has sign-regularity. First the notion of sign-regularity of Jacobian matrix on a domain is defined. We classifY the sign patterns into four categories: plus, minus, zero, and the rest. The plus sign is given to the (i, j) entry of the Jacobian matrix when the i-th component function is always increasing with respect to the j-th coordinate variable, the negative sign when the function is always decreasing, and the sign of zero when the function does not include the j-th coordinate variable. Otherwise, the sign is set as an asterisk *. Our proof is simple and elementary by use ofthe mean value theorem. In the final section, we give a list of our future research topics, some of which are under way. Especially a generalization to discontinuous mappings should be interesting. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-06-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 111 |
| End Page | 116 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129990 |
