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Neomyographic examinations were made by the authors on 28 patients. The extent of reconvalescence was measured on the basis of changes in the values recorded by the myograms taken before and after the treatment.

Every cytologist in biology or medicine knows the so-called "Golgi-Complex", but no cytologist can state exactly the structure and the function of this complex. Nevertheless, in the last six years this" Golgi complex" in about 100 different cells has been seen in the electron microscope. That is the reason I have tried to make a comparative study of these fields. I would like to give a short review of this investigation here, having been kindly invited by Prof. S. SENO.

Attempts were made to identify menstrual blood by means of paper electrophoresis with preparation of extracts of menstrual blood isolated under various conditions and mixed with human fibrin. Also similar analyses were conducted with blood aspirated from the median cubital vein of a woman during menstruation as well as from a man as the control, also with extracts of lochial blood from a woman after normal delivery, and of the blood obtained at arrtificial abortion. Animal fibrins (from rabbit, mouse, steer, and guinea pig) were also used to see the lytic action of the bloods. The following are the results of the present experiments. 1. The identification of menstrual blood by means of paper electrophoresis is a simple method in legal medicine and its electrophorogram is an excellent method to offer an evidence of proof for mentrual blood. 2. By this method it is possible to identify the menstrual bloodstain even after the lapse of time as much as 6 months. 3. It is possible to identify even putrefied menstrual bloodstain. 4. In the case where the material stained with menstrual blood is found in water, it is not possible to identify the menstrual blood by this method. 5. When the menstrual blood is heated at 60°C over 30 minutes, it becomes impossible to identify it by this method. 6. In the case of venous blood during menstruation fibrinolytic product can be detected only on the first day of menstruation, but since it appears only in trace, it is easy to differentiate it from menstrual blood. 7. As for lochial blood the fibrinolytic product can be detected only in the blood obtained on the first and second days of puerperium, but the amount being so slight that it can readily be distinguished from menstrual blood. 8. In the case of the blood obtained at artificial abortion fibrinolytic product appears just as much as in the case of menstrual blood, and thus it is impossible to differentiate it from mentrual blood by this method. 9. As for the use of human fibrin it is best to employ it while it isdresh, but the human fibrin up to 6 days old can be used. However, the older is the human fibrin the lesser the fibrinolytic product detectable. 10. In the case using animal fibrins mixed with the extract of menstrual blood some do produce fibrinolytic product in trace, but since there is a danger of also producing the fibrinolytic product-like substance in venous blood, it is advisable not to use animal fibrins.

On avait execute 160 mesurages des 40 serums des donneurs du sang (20 hommes, 20 femmes). La moitie des mesurages etait faits a l'aide de plasma oxalique, l'autre moitie le servit du substrat constituant plasma sec dilue (7.5 : 200.0). Les resultats des premiers mesurages etaient superieurs aux valeurs des resultats obtenus dans l'autre groupe des recherches. La difference etait causee par une plus forte concentration de la thrombine dans le melange d'incubation et d'inactivation teste contre le plasma sec dilue. Les recherches accessoires ont demontre que les memes concentrations de la thrombine coagulent plus vite le plasma oxalique, que plasma sec dilue, et que pour obtenir la meme valeur du temps de coagulation avec les deux substrats il faut appliquer plus de thrombine pour coaguler plasma sec dilue en reaction controle visant la preparation de la solution-mere et de la solution-modele de la thrombine. On avait constate aussi des differences essentielles en inactivation entre les hommes et les femmes. Chez les hommes les donnees d'inactivation sont superisures que chez les femmes. Ces differences etaient moins accentuees aux premieres, qu'aux les suivantes minutes d'incubation. Ainsi on doit comparer les resultats des examens toujours avec la moyenne du meme sexe, que la personne examinee, et non avec la moyenne des deux sexes.

The human tumor H. Ep. #3 maintained in rats could be transferred for 1-8 generations in treated guinea pigs. H. Ep. #3 grew in the subcutaneous and intramuscular sites in each host at the same time. The treatment with the combination of X-ray 250 r. and 80 mg/kg of cortisone turned out to be the optimal conditioning studied. The number of tumor takes averaged 95.7-100 per cent in the subcutaneous site in guinea pigs treated with optimal conditioning, but in the intramuscular site, the number of tumor takes was 65.2-93.8 per cent. Host mortality varied from 4.2-37.5 per cent in the hosts treated with optimal conditioning. The subcutaneous tumor weights in hosts treated with optimal conditioning averaged 3.3 gm, and their intramuscular tumor weights averaged 5.6-6.2 gm. Tumor weights in hosts treated with only cortisone averaged 1-2 gm in both subcutaneous and intramuscular sites. Histological findings. for the original tumors were found to be the same as that for the successful transplanted tumors in the guinea pigs. The malignancy of the tumor was evaluated by the criteria of anaplasia, invasion, rapidity of growth, and ease of maintenance of transplants. There was no metastasis found in any organs.

Through the use of an automatic photo tube dew-point hygrometer, the author succeeded in measuring dew point of gas flows continuously in anesthetic circuits. Simultaneous thermometries were done on the nasal or oral mucosa, on the respiratory gas flows in the anesthetic mask or the endotracheal tube, and on the gas in the inhaling conduit. Experiments were performed on ten adults patients undergoing various types of surgery under general inhalation anesthesia. Anesthetic technics were varied intentionally during the measurements. Thus, both absolute and relative humidities of exhaled and inhaled gases, and respiratory water and heat losses were calculated under various anesthetic conditions, and physiological and clinical considerations were discussed. The conclusions obtained from this research are as follows: (1) When a non-rebreathing system is applied, moisture content of exhaled gas is minimal, and respiratory losses of both water and heat are maximum. With a semi-closed circle method, according to decreasing fresh gas flows, the humidity of the inspiratory and expiratory gases becomes higher, and both heat and water losses through respiration are lessened. When a closed circle method, with carbon dioxide absorption, is employed, temperature and humidity of gas in the inhaling conduit are highest, and the expired gas offers the maximum temperature and moisture contenL Both water and heat losses from anesthesia become minimal when administered in a closed system. (2) While the water and heat that a patient loses through respiration increase with increasing breathing capacity, they are still small parts of the total water and heat losses of the patient. Water and heat losses via anesthesia systems are not so predominant in maintaining water balance and heat regulation of patients during anesthesia and surgery.

With the purpose to see if GABOB is in any way concerned with the mechanism of the epileptic attack observations were carried on the oxygen consumption of the brain homogenates of rabbits, normal and CLA, and of human, epileptic and non-epileptic. The experiment proved that the oxygen consumption is increased in the epileptic brain and in the brain of CLA rabbit. It was raised by adding ATP-Na salt or DPN, but GABOB itself showed only a slight effect. The results suggested that the oxygen consumption of brain is not so closely correlated with GABOB, but there is a possibility that the decrease in GABOB contents in epileptic brain by the accelerated decomposition with its elevated oxygen consumption may be correlated to the epileptic attack, though the final conclusion requires further observations.

Auf Grund von unserem bisherigen Untersuchungen konnen wir sagen, daB die Gewurze in villa und in vitro am meisten eine Gerinnungsfordemde Wirkung haben.

The biological specificity of GABOB on the blood pressure, respiration and body temperature was observed in dogs. The results show that GABOB has the similar action as GABA on the lowering of blood pressure as shown by subcutaneous, intravenous or intrathecal injection, but loses its action on the respiration. The specificity of GABOB action on the blood pressure is seen in the initiation of the effect at which the transient rise in pressure can be seen, the like of which can never be seen in the case of GABA injection. The lowering mechanism of GABOB on blood pressure should be the central one as the intrathecal injection is most effective comparing with those of intravenous and subcutaneous injection.

Die Ribonukleinase allein ubt keinen charakteristischen oder wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Thrombininaktivation in Inkubationsmischung (0.4 ml Serums, 0.1 ml der Ribonukleinaselasung von den Konzentration 0. 025 mg/ml, 0.1 ml des destillierten Wassers und 0.4 ml der Thrombinlosung) aus. Heparin aber vergrossert die Thrombinaktivation in der ahnlichen Inkubationsmischung (0.4 ml von Serum, 0.1 ml Heparinlosung in der konzentration ungefahr 0.005 mg/ml, 0.1 ml des destillierten Wassers und 0.4 ml der Thrombinlosung. Wenn in der letzten Inkubationsmischung statt das dsatillierten Wasser die selbe Menge) 0.1 mg der (Ribonukleinaselasung) 0.025 mg/ml (gegeben wird, kann man feststellen, dass die Ribonukleinase die spezifische, Antithrombin-und Anti-koagulationswirkung des Heparins ausdriicklich vermindert. Die Thrombininaktivation wurde in Gegenwart des Bodens-des 7.5/200.0 wasserigen Trockenplasmalosung, untersucht. Man veretzte 0.1 ml des Bodens mit 0.1 ml der Inkubationsmischung. Die Thrombinlosung hatte bestimmte Aktivitat) 0.1 ml davon brachte in 10 Sek. 0.1 ml des Bodens in Gerinnung) Insgesamt wurden 34 dar Thrombinaktivatiosuntersuchungen gemacht, davon 7 Kontrollen, 7-mit Ribonukleinase, 10-mit Heparin und 10-mit Ribonukleinase+Heparin. Die Resultate (Tab. II, Abb. 1) zeugen, dass die Ribonukleinase in vitro die spezifische Antithrombin (II)-Wirkung des Heparins hemmt. Wahrscheinlich modifiziert sie auch weitere biologische Eigenschaften des Heparins. Die Resultate eigener Untersuchungen und die LiteraturangaPen liber den Heparineinfluss auf die Nukleinasen sprechen flir eine gegenseitige, charakteristische Reaktionen zwischen Nukleinasen und Heparin. Diese Interaktionen beider Gewebe- und Blutsubstanzen kann eine grosse Bedeutung fiulr vie1e Lebensvorgange haben.

Die Verfasser untersuchten die Gerinnugszeit in der Reaktion: 0.4 ml des Zitratplasmas, 0.2 ml des Magen- oder Duodenalsalsaftesfiltrates und 0.4 ml 0,025 M CaCl2-Losung. Als Kontrolle diente ahnliche Reaktion, in welcher man anstatt 0,2 ml des Saftes die selbe Menge der phY,siologischen Kochsalziosung verwendete. Es wurde insgesamt 134 Fraktionen von den 30 Magensonden (Tab 1. und 3) untersucht und kein Einfluss der Fraktionenreihenfolge und anderer Faktoren, sondern solcher der Fraktionenreaktion, festestelIt. Die alkalische Fraktionen verkiizen (in 35/46 Bestimmungen), die azide verlangern (in 59/88 Uutersuchungen) die Rekalcifikationszeit. Die schwach alkalische oder sehr schwach (0∼20°) und schwach (20∼40°) azide Fraktionen verkiirzen oder leicht verlangern die Rekalcifikationszeit des Zitratplasmas. Desto hoher die Aciditat desto grosser die Gerinnungszeitverlangerung. Zwischen den Magensonden konnte man einige Type laut ihrem Einflusse auf die Gerinnung unterscheiden. In allen 20 Bestimmungen der Duodenalsaft verkiirzte deutlich die Rekalcifikationszeit (Tab. 2). Die Resultate von den Uutersuchungen erlauben die Behauptung dass der Duodenalsaft und der alkaliche Magensaft eine beschleunigende Wirkung aufdie Gerinnung des im Bereiche bes Magens oder Duodenums ausgossenem Blutes haben und dass der azide Magensaft eine hemmende Wirkung auf die Blutgerinnung ausiibt. Diese hemmende Wirkung ist desto mehr ausgepragt, desto hoher die Aziditat des Magenseftes. Die Resulate von Bestimmungen konnen auch manche therapie-trotzende und rezidivierende gefahrliche Mageblutungen in ihrer Atiopathogenese erkaren. Diese Resultate fiihren zur Behauptung, class alle Methoden, welche zur Erniedrigung cler Saftessekretion und -Aziditat beitragen, auch eine giinstige RolIe bei ber Prophylaxie und Therapie der drohenclen oder bereits vorkommenden durch Ulkuskrankheit und andere Erkrankungen verursachten Magen-und Darmblutungen spielen konnen.

For the purpose to reveal the metabolic pathway of GABOB the analyses were performed with the GABOB containing fluid perfused through the liver and the brain of rabbits, and the following results were obtained. Qualitative observations by paperchromatography on the fluid containing GABOB after perfusing the organs proved the presence of some amino acids. These were identified as glycine, glutamic acid and glutamine. The observation on the GABOBcontaining fluid perfused the organs showed a decrease in GABOB and an increase in these amino acids. Quantitative observation proved a considerable increase in glycive and a moderate increase in glutamic acid and glutamine with a marked decrease in the amount of GABOB injected. From these results it is believed that GABOB is decomposed into glycine and acetic acid probably passing the stage of γ-aminoacetoacetic acid in one way and into glutamic acid by the transamination of GABOB with α-ketoglutaric acid in the other.

A number of derivatives and related compounds of lumisantonin were submitted to evaluatien for the action of histamine-release inhibition and antiinflammatory effect, as they structurally resemble guaiazulene in which these actions had been proved. Nineteen compounds of these suppressed 50 per cent or more of the increase in urinary excretion of histamine due to ovomucoid injection. Five of them markedly inhibited all the edemas in the rat hind paws induced by local inoculation of dextran, hyaluronidase, histamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine. Among these compounds, #32(methyl pyrophotosantoninate) showed a superior effect of inhibition than guaiazulene on all of these edemas, although the effects of two drugs were comparable in the case of oral administration. The members showing the edema inhibition likewise evidently protected passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in guinea pigs by the intraperitoneal administration; the effect of #32 was more marked than guaiazulene. This effect could be observed when applied to the skin with an ointment containing the compouhd in a concentration of more than 0.03 per cent 24 hours before. In vitro histamine releases from the minced lung tissue of sensitized guinea pig elicited by antigen and sinomenine were both inhibited by these compounds. These findings indicate that the main sites of the histamine-release inhibition and of the anti-inflammatory effect of these compounds are in the local tissue. Compound #32 failed to show any analgesic effect in mice, but possessed a considerable antipyretic action in rats. Some of the compounds in the tests depressed guinea-pig ileal strip while guaiazulene increased peristalsis, but any of these actions was not recognized with #32 even in a high concentration. Most of the members effective in inhibiting edemas as well as histamine release proved to be less toxic than guaiazulene. #32 was well tolerated in the doses of 6g/kg orally and of 4g/kg intraperitoneally by mice. The growth curves for three weeks of rats practically did not deviate from that of the controls by daily administration of 1g/kg of #32 by stomach tube and there were no gross and microscopical abnormalities in the main organs and blood.

Histogenesis of hepatic cancer has been analysed by observing glycogen by PAS staining and the histochemically demonstrable G-6-Pase activity on the liver of rats fed with 3'-Me-DAB or 3'-Ni-DAB. By observations on normal hepatic tissue it has been revealed that these two reactions are specific to the cytoplasm of liver parenchymal cells. Observations on the liver from the early stage of dye feeding, up to 100 days, show a marked proliferation of cholangioles in 3'-Me-DAB feeding on polished rice but only a poor reaction of cholangioles in 3'-Me-DAB feeding with synthetic diet. After 15-16 weeks of 3'-Me-DAB feeding cancer develops, a great erpart of which is consisted of cholangiocellular carcinoma and a portion, hepatocellular carcinoma. Histochemical observations on G-6-Pase and glycogen reveal that regenerating cholangiole and adenomatous tissues seem to have poles, on one side, the cells differentiate to liver parenchymal cells and on the other side, they differentiate to bile duct cells. Cancers develop mainly from these regenerating adenomatous tissues and they develop to cholangiocellular cancer or to hepatocellular cancer. The histogenesis of the latter can be traced histochemically. In the cases fed with 3'-Ni-DAB, the activity of cholangiole cells and the development of adenomatous tissue are rather poor with the delayed cancer formation. However, in these cases the majority of cancers are of hepatocellular carcinoma and the developmental mode of hepatocellular cancer can easily be traced by the G-6-Pase activity.

Electron microscope study on the rat liver cells of carbon tetrachloride poisoning has been reported. Observations have been made on the osmic fixed tissue sections obtained from the liver at early stages of poisoning, 5 to 22 hours after carbon tetrachloride oral administration, 0.25ml. per 100g. body weight. Special attention is paid on the appearance of electron dense area, opaque area, in cytoplasm, which is compased of fibrous components, probably originated from endoplasmic reticulum. This will be an important sign of cell degeneration. Toluidine blue, PAS and methyl green-pyronin stainings of the thicker sections from the same samples as used for electron microscopy revealed that the opaque area is stained by toluidine blue and pyronin but not by PAS. The opaque areas appear already five hours after the carbon tetrachloride administration and show some continuity with elongated filaments of endoplasmic reticulum. At an advanced stage of paisoning the opaque area increases in its number and size, but some of them are shrunk as a mass, being separated from the surrounding cytoplasm with scanty area. Often they form denser masses in the center and loak like the lipid deposition. The picture suggests formation of lipid droplets in the case of fatty degeneration of the liver cell.

The incorporation of C14-2-glycine into the subcellular fractions of liver, kidney and serum proteins was observed in mice receiving CCl4 injections. The results showed a marked inhibitory effect of CCl4 on incorporation of C14-glycine into each subcellular fraction of the liver, but not of the kidney. The inhibition of the C14-glycine incorporation was most marked in mitochondria, moderate in soluble protein and minimal in microsomes, in the groups of mice given two injections of CCl4. In the animals given CCl. injection, serum albumin is decreased with the decreased incorporation of C14-glycine into the albumin but β-globulin fraction is increased. The former will be the result of the decreased albumin synthesis in the poisoned liver and the latter will be correlated with the fatty degeneration of liver.

A series of experiments have been conducted with ten adult rabbits, drowning them to death in a ditch those water contains diatoms in abundance. The bones (selected ones are the femur, humerus, riHand vertebra) of these drowned rabbits have been buried underground, wrapped tightly in cellophane bags and left there for three years, and the detection of diatoms has been conducted with these bones either as they are or after cremating them in the electric'oven at 300°C, 500°C, 800°C or 1,000°C, for 20 minutes. As the results it has been clarified that diatoms can be detected in a considerable number in the bones of four limbs, and of these detectable diatoms some of them can be found even after cremation at 1,000°C for 20 minutes. This clearly proves diatoms are detectable from the bones even after a long period of time·after burial and even after cremation at high temperatures.

In connection with the cloudy swelling of the liver cell seen in the CCl4 intoxication the author observed the oxygen consumption rate of the liver slices at frequent intervals within 20 hours of CCl4 intoxication in rats. Unexpectedly, the oxygen consumption did not decrease by CCl4, intoxication in the stage where the cloudy swelling can be seen, especially in the media added with succinate. This finding suggests that the energy produced by respiration is not concerned with the swelling phenomenon in the case of CCl4 intoxication, differing from the supposition on the experiment of protozoa by using cyanide and others.

With an intention to establish definitely that detection of diatoms, vegetative plariktons, in the remains of a corpse will offer an unequivocal proof of death from drowning, even in the case where the suspected corpse has been cremated, the author observed organs and bones of 16 healthy adult rabbits which were drowned in a ditch, and burned as a whole with wood fire or incinerated in the electric oven. As the results it was found that diatoms can be detected in the interned organs so long as they remain. Even in the case where the corpse was cremated at high temperature, it is also possible to detect several kinds of diatoms in bones, the femur showing the greatest number followed by the humerus suggesting that long bones are more suitable for the detection of diatoms than any other bones, as they contain more numbers and kinds of diatoms. Thus it is concluded that detection of diatoms in the remains of the corpse suspected of drowning can definitely give an unequivocal evidence that the death is from drowning.

In the spleen of patient exposed to atomic bomb as well as in the infective spleen and leukemic spleen sometimes characteristic endothelium of the trabecular vein can be observed and this canalicula in the trabecular vein communicates with reticulum tissue of the pulp. In the subendothelial circulatory canalicula of the splenic trabecular vein there can be observed emigrating picture of various leucocytes of the vein passing this subendothelium (chemotaxisis) and these cells emigrate and accumulate outside the splenic trabecula (intrasplenic cell recurrence). Arterial blood circulates in these subendothelial canaliculae and these canaliculae are not lymph canaliculae as demonstrated by JAGER and ROSSLE. Many leucocytes flow back into the pulp outside the trabecula through this circulatory system. Also in the peritrabecular pulp a new formation of collagen fibers and a considerable number of plasma cells can be observed in various infective spleens, and splenic trabecular area is the regenerating center and reactive center in the spleen, just as lymph follicle in the spleen.