result 13227 件
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/11350 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | A Teaching Research of the Science related Careers in the Elementary School Science, based by the American Textbooks Discover the Wonder |
| FullText URL | 001_011_020.pdf |
| Author | Tanaka, Kenji| |
| Abstract | 本（平成12）年度の講義「初等理科教育学A（理科授業研究）」では、アメリカの初等理科教科書「Discover the Wonder」に基づき、授業研究の試みを行わせるとともにこの教科書で扱われている People at Work/Ex-ploring Careers を参考にして、課題［科学にかかわる職業・仕事についてのガイダンス］などによって初等教育段階における科学にかかわる職業（仕事）のガイダンスの取り扱いを検討させてきた。本稿は、この実践報告である。様々な特徴や工夫を見出し、教科「理科」や「総合的な学習の時間」における科学にかかわる職業のガイダンスの授業実践などに向けて、指導案を作ることができ、さらに受講結果についての総括的な自己評価や講義全体についての評価からも、ほぼ所定の成果を得たと考えている。 |
| Keywords | 初等教育段階 職業 ガイダンス アメリカ 教科書 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学教育実践総合センター紀要 |
| Published Date | 2001 |
| Volume | volume1 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 11 |
| End Page | 20 |
| ISSN | 1346-3705 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002313539 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/11349 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | A Study of developing sense and thinking in the Social Studies Class: On the Basic of Contrasting Some Theories about Value Judgment Teaching |
| FullText URL | 001_001_009.pdf |
| Author | Kuwabara, Toshinori| |
| Abstract | 本研究では、社会科で育成すべき見方・考え方のうち社会事象に対する価値判断に焦点をあて、価値的判断力を育成する授業構成にどのような方法があるかを社会科教育学研究の成果に基づいて考察した。まず、現在わが国の社会科教育学研究の成果として提案されている判断力育成教育原理を検討した。それらは、社会的決定を基盤とするものと、個人的決定を基盤とするものに区分され、分析の結果、前者は社会化を目指し、後者は個性化を目指していることが明らかとなった。さらに、価値的知識の解釈過程を子どもの思考に組み込んだ授業構成を提案し、価値判断力の育成を目指す社会科授業構成の前提を示した。 |
| Keywords | 判断力育成 (Developing Judgment) 価値認識 (Value Cognition) 価値的知識 (Value Knowledge) 法的判断 (Law Judgment) |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学教育実践総合センター紀要 |
| Published Date | 2001 |
| Volume | volume1 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 1 |
| End Page | 9 |
| ISSN | 1346-3705 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002313872 |
| Title Alternative | QTL Mapping for Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. hordei EM Marchal) Resistance in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 005_001_069_078.pdf |
| Author | Iwasa, Tomohiko| Heta, Hideo| Takeda, Kazuyoshi| |
| Abstract | Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. hordei EM Marchal, is a serious disease of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). In this study, we used molecular markers to identify the chromosomal locations carrying genes for powdery mildew resistance and to estimate the effect of each gene. Doubled haploid lines derived from Steptoe×Morex (S/M), Harrington×TR306 (H/T) and their parental were inoculated with five powdery mildew strains. Several quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling E. graminis resistance were found and lacated on chromosome 4H, 5H, 6H and 7H in S/M. On the other hand, no QTL was detected in H/T but Harrington had a major resistant gene (Mlg) for powdery mildew resistance. Maker-assisted selection was conducted to examine the effect of accumulation for mildew resistance. There was a significant interaction between QTLs lacated in 4H and 7H, which suggested the presence of an epistatic effect between these QTLs. |
| Keywords | Hordeum vulgare Erysiphe graminis QTL mapping DH lines |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1997 |
| Volume | volume5 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 69 |
| End Page | 78 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | ライムギ小型染色体を保持する普通系コムギからのライムギ型cDNAのディファレンシャルスクリーニング |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 006_001_053_064.pdf |
| Author | Murata, Minoru| |
| Abstract | Occurrence of the midget chromosome in a common wheat with rye cytoplasm [(cereale)-Chinese Spring (CS)] indicates that the chromosome carries the essential gene(s) for maintaining the function of rye cytoplasm. To elucidate the interaction between the midget chromosome and rye cytoplasm, in this study, an attempt was made to isolate rye-type cDNAs from a cDNA library of (cereale)-CS by differential screening. Two replica filters from each plate were hybridized with digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled wheat CS cDNAs and with DIG-labeled rye cDNAs,respectively. Out of ca. 20,000 plaques, 27 were hybridized more strongly with rye cDNAs than with CS cDNAs. These clones were classified into six classes (Ⅰ-Ⅵ) by blot hybridization. The majority of the clones (21 out of 27) was belonged to the same class (1), showing rye-type RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism). The DNA sequence of clone CrClA in class Ⅰ, was very similar to that of wheat ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase,large subnit gene, rbcL(94.5% homology). However, the 3' end of CrClA was shorter than that of wheat rbcL, and terminated at TAA instead of TAG, like the rbcL of Aegilops crassa. In the clone CrC5.4, the first half of the sequence was similar to that of one rice EST clone, the functions of which are not known, and the latter was similar to the reverse sequence of maize 4.5S-23S ribosomal RNA. This suggests that CrC5.4 had been derived from two defferent cDNAs of (cereale)-CS. Three other clones had homology to the chlorophyll a/b binding protein genes (cab) of wheat, maize and tomato, and one to wheat rbcS (ribulose1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subnit gene). However, no clear polymorphisms were detected between wheat and rye by using those clones as probes. |
| Keywords | Cytoplasm substitution line Differential screening Midget chromosome Rye Wheat |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1999 |
| Volume | volume6 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 53 |
| End Page | 64 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | エビネから分離されたインゲンマメ黄斑モザイクウイルスの諸性質 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 006_001_043_051.pdf |
| Author | Matsumoto, Jun-Ichi| Maeda, Takanori| Inouye, Narinobu| |
| Abstract | Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) was isolated from Calanthe sp.showing mild chlorosis on the leaves, collected in Yamaguchi Prefecture in Japan. The virus was transmitted by the aphid Myzus persicae in a non-persistent manner, and by sap-inoculation to 29 out of 46 plant species from 9 out of 12 families tested. Stability in crude sap, morphology of virus particles, shape of cylidrical inclusions and the presence of cytoplasmic crystalline inclusions in the infected cells were similar to those of BYMV isolates previously reported. The virus contained a single protein species with a molecular weight of 35,000. In a microprecipition test and double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), the virus showed a close serological relationship to isolates of BYMV from both crocus and gladiolus, and showed a distant relationship to clover yellow vein virus. Three BYMV isolates used in this study were found to be serologically related to each other, but the virus was more closely related to the BYMV crocus isolate than to gladiolus isolate. |
| Keywords | Calanthe sp. bean yellow mosaic virus clover yellow vein virus serological relationship |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1999 |
| Volume | volume6 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 43 |
| End Page | 51 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Varietal Variation and Mechanism of Hull-cracked Grains in Two-rowed Barley |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 004_001_089_096.pdf |
| Author | Kanatani, Ryoichi| Takeda, Kazuyoshi| |
| Abstract | Hull-cracked grain which causes low germinability and low malt extract has been observed in malting barley varieties mainly in the western part of Japan. In the first part of this study, more than 600 two-rowed barley varieties were examined for the percentage of hull-cracked grains. A markedly skewed frequency distribution pattern was observed for varietal variation of hull-cracked grain percentage. More than 80% of the varieties developed less than 5% hull-cracked grains, while a few of the varieties frequently developed the hull-cracked grains. The maximum hull-cracked grain percentage was as high as 61% in Yoshikei 16. Improved varieties developed hull-cracked grains more frequently than the local varieties, indicating varietal improvement indirectly caused the hull-cracked grains. In the second part, nine two-rowed varieties were grown in eight different conditions to analyze the mechanism of hull-cracking. Variances due to varieties, environment and their interaction were all statistically significant. Some of the varieties developed almost no hull-cracked grains throughout the environmental conditions examined, while others sharply responded to the environmental conditions. The environmental correlation coefficient between 1,000-kernel weight and hull-cracked grains was as high as 0.918, indicating that hull-cracked grains had developed under favorable ripening conditions. |
| Keywords | Barley Varietal varietal Hull-crached grain Ripening |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1996 |
| Volume | volume4 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 89 |
| End Page | 96 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | QTL Mapping for Water Sensitivity in Barley Seeds |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 006_001_021_028.pdf |
| Author | Iwasa, Tomohiko| Takahashi, Hidekazu| Takeda, Kazuyoshi| |
| Abstract | Sensitivity to water condition during germination is an important character in malting barley because it affects malt poduction. Water sensitivity in malting barley is defined as the defference in germination percentage between the seeds in standard and excess-water conditions. Usually standard and excess-water condition means 4 and 8 ml water in a 90 mm perti dish, respectively. Takeda and Fukuyama (1983) examined more than 4,000 barley accessions and found 0～100% water sensitivity. This means complete to no suppression of germination by an excess-water condition. In this study, quantiative trait loci (QTL) analysis was applied to analize the inheritance of water sensitivity. Two sets of doubled haploid (DH) populations derived from Steptoe×Morex (S/M) and Harrington×TR306 (H/T) crosses,were grown in the experiment field of the Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University. Bulbosum method was adapted to develop DH lines (Chen and Hayes 1989). Water sensitivities of 150 (S/M) and (H/T) lines and their parents were evaluated using 50 seeds each and the germination test (25℃, 4 days) was repeated four times. Water sensitivity showed a large variation (Fig.1) and the heritability of the trait was 0.78 and 0.72 in S/M and H/T, respectively, indicating that about three-quarters of the phenotypic variance was genetic in origin. Three (S/M) and one (H/T) significant QTL were detected and 23% (S/M) and 25% (H/T) of the phenotypic variance was explained by the QTL. These QTL were located on chromosomes 2H,3H,6H and 7H (Table 1, Fig. 2). QTL relating to germination traits were lacated near the QTL controlling water sensitivity (Fig. 3). Interaction among the QTL was small (Table 2). Marker-assisted selection was effective (Table 3). |
| Keywords | barley water sensitivity QTL analysis |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1999 |
| Volume | volume6 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 21 |
| End Page | 28 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | オオムギの組換え型自殖系統、同質遺伝子系統、および倍加半数体系統を用いた発芽時における耐塩性の遺伝解析 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 004_001_079_088.pdf |
| Author | Mano, Yoshiro| Takeda, Kazuyoshi| |
| Abstract | To determine the relationship between morphological markers and salt tolerance at germination in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), a total of 125 recombinant inbred (RI) lines of Russia 6×HES 4, a seriesof 70 isogenic (IG) lines for V/ν gene derived from Russia 6×HES 4, and 145 doubled haploid (DH) lines of Leger×CI 9831 were evaluated for their salt tolerance at germination. Comparison between each set of character pairs revealed that the six-rowed type was significantly more tolerant than the two-rowed type in the RI and IG lines of Russia 6×HES 4, annd the two-rowed type and the short haired rachilla type were significantly more tolerant than the six-rowed type and the long haired rachilla type in the DH lines of Leger×CI 9831. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in salt tolerance such as the smoothness of awn, ear density, and lemma color, r (awn type), l (ear density), and Re-2 (lemma color) genes inherited independent of gene(s) for salt tolerance at germination. |
| Keywords | Doubled haploid lines Hordeum vulgare Isogenic lines Recombinant inbred lines Salt tolerancce |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1996 |
| Volume | volume4 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 79 |
| End Page | 88 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Population Increases of the Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Cotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 004_001_059_065.pdf |
| Author | Murai, Tamotsu| Tsumuki, Hisaaki| |
| Abstract | The reproduction of Myzus persicae (Sulz.) on raddish and Aphis gossypii Glover on cucumber was studied at different temperatures. The parameters of population growth in these aphids were calculated by the age-specific fecundities (mx) and survival rate (lx). The net reproductive rate (R0) and intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) of M. persicae were 61.50 and 0.21 at 15℃, and 60.60 and 0.33 at 20℃, respectively. The net reproductive rate (R0) and intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) of A. gossypii were 37.90 and 0.22 at 15℃, 45.70 and 0.32 at 20℃, and 40.60 and 0.42 at 25℃, respectively. |
| Keywords | Population growth Net reproductive rate Intrinsic rate Myzus persicae Aphis gossypii |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1996 |
| Volume | volume4 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 59 |
| End Page | 65 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Studies on Root Fluorescence Mutants in Barley |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 005_002_193_202.pdf |
| Author | Takeda, Kazuyoshi| Chang, Cheng Lin| |
| Abstract | Using 10,473 barley accessoins and 16,480 gamma-ray lines, root fluorescence mutants which have been reported in order crops, such as soybean, were screened. No spontaneous mutant was found,but an artificial mutant whose root tips emitted a pink glow under ultraviolet light was obtained by the gamma-ray irradiation. The mutant was controlled by a recessive gene named frp 'fluorescent reaction-pink'. It was poor growth and was lethal. The transmissoin rate of the mutant gene was about 80% of that of the normal allele. Thus the segregation in the heterozygous populations was ca. 4 normal to 1 mutant. The frp gene is located close to gl-3, 'glossy leaf-3' on the 4H chromosome. |
| Keywords | Barley Mutation Fluorescence Linkage analysis |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1998 |
| Volume | volume5 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 193 |
| End Page | 202 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Studies on Host Selection, Development and Reproduction of Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 003_001_005_010.pdf |
| Author | Kawada, Kazuo| |
| Abstract | The host selection, development and reproduction of sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) were studied. Both alate and apterous virginoparous adults showed a stronger tendency of preference to a susceptible strain of sorghum and Cuba grass, Sorghum helepense (Persoon) than a resistant strain of sorghum and Eulalia, Miscanthus sinensis (Anderss). The number of days for larval development was increased with a decrease in longevity and fecundity in aphids reared on resistant sorghum at 25℃ under a 16-hour photoperiodic condition. |
| Keywords | Sorghum Host selection Sugarcane aphids |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1995 |
| Volume | volume3 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 5 |
| End Page | 10 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | カクヤリグサ科一年生雑草における数量分類学的研究 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 002_001_123_134.pdf |
| Author | Muhamad Ahmad, Chozin| Satou, Kazuhiro| Yasuda, Shozo| |
| Abstract | Three species of Cyperaceous weeds, Cyperus iria (12 strains), C. microiria(12 strains) and C. amuricus (6 strains), were collected from different sites of Okayama, Tottori and Tokyo prefectures, and various morphological characters, biomass and seed production were observed on the plants which were cultivated at Kurashiki. The analysis of variance showed a significant difference among the strains in each character. However, the species overlapped with each other in most morphological characters. Prinipal component analysis on the 21 characters showed that 83% of the total variation could be explained by the first three components: the first component (37%) was regarded as factors concerning spikelet and seed production; the second component (28%) was regarded as factors concerned the size of vegetative parts; the third component (18%) was largely affected by seed weight and floret density. Scatter diagram on the first and third principal components showed that the 30 strains of three species divided into three groups, and strains in each group correspond to the three species without exception. Based on the second and third principal components, strains of C. microiria were further divided into three sub-groups according to size of vegetative parts. Using the cluster analysis, 30 strains of these species were divided into four large clusters; the first was composed of C. amuricus strains, the second was of three strains of C. microiria, the third included the remaining strains of C. microiria, and the last cluster was composed of C. iria strains. It may be concluded that C. microiria is composed of two or three ecotypes which are different in morphological and reproductive traits. |
| Keywords | Cyperus iria Cyperus microiria Cyperus amuricus Numerical taxonomy Speciation |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1994 |
| Volume | volume2 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 123 |
| End Page | 134 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002313639 |
| Title Alternative | Sources of Resistance to Net Blotch in Barley Germplasm |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 002_001_091_102.pdf |
| Author | Sato, Kazuhiro| Takeda, Kazuyoshi| |
| Abstract | Net blotch caused by a fungus Pyrenophora teres Drechs. is a common disease in barley. Its source of resistance has been screened by many researchers by field evaluations or seedling tests inoculating a single isolatc. Since the pathogcnic variation of isolates has been reported in net blotch, resistance of the varieties to the disease may be different among the isolates with different pathogenicities. In this study, the pathogenic variation was examined and the varietal variation of the resistance was evaluated by inoculating with four P. teres isolates collected from Japan and Canada to more than 2,200 barley varieties of the world collection preserved at the Barley Germplasm Center of Okayama University. A preliminary inoculation test showed that the disease rating was affected little by the inoculation seasons. Disease ratings of varieties showed a continuous variation with a single mode in the resistant range in each of the four isolates. However, the correlation coefficient between Japanese isolate K105 and Canadian isolate WRS102 was as low as 0.55, indicating a slight pathogenic differentiation between these isolates. Significant correlation coefficients (r=.55~.78) among the ratings of isolates indicated that the pathogenicity to the varieties was rather similar and that the pathogenic differentiation was small among the four isolates tested. In general, varieties from Ethiopia, North Africa and Korea were more resistant than those from other regions. Varieties from Turkey and Europe were susceptible to Japanese isolates, while Nepalese varieties were susceptible to Canadian isolates. Twenty of 25 varieties which were resistant to the isolate K105 but susceptible to the isolate WR102 were from Nepal and most of those were Oriental-type (Bt bt2) in brittleness of rachis. These findings revealed an example of regional concentration of resistant gene in net blotch. |
| Keywords | Barley Net blotch Disease resistance Genetic resources Race differentiation |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1994 |
| Volume | volume2 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 91 |
| End Page | 102 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002313965 |
| Title Alternative | Character Expression and Inheritance of a "Short Upper Leaves" Mutant in Barley |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 002_001_069_078.pdf |
| Author | Kanatani, Ryoichi| Wu, Jiri| Takeda, Kazuyoshi| |
| Abstract | A mutant which devolops an extremely shortened flag leaf and shorter upper leaves was obtained from the progeny of 90 KR of gamma-ray irradiated Fuji Nijo, a malting barley variety. This mutant was controlled by a single partial dominant gene named Sul (short upper leaves). The character expression and the inheritance of the gene were investigated in this study. Sul shortened the flag leaf and upper several leaves and uppermost internode length, while it did not affect the length of spike, lower leaves and the second or lower internodes. A reciprocal translocation of the chromosomes was observed in this mutant line, and the Sull gene was linked with the V (two-rowed) gene on chromosome 2, and also linked with the breaking point of the reciprocal translocation. Small leaf area caused by the Sull gene might reduce the mutual shading and the transpiration of the leaf canopy at the later growth stages. |
| Keywords | Barley Plant type Linkage analysis Developmental pattern |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1994 |
| Volume | volume2 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 69 |
| End Page | 78 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Genetic Analysis of Large Trichome in Barley Leaf Blade |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 002_001_063_068.pdf |
| Author | Sato, Kazuhiro| Takeda, Kazuyoshi| |
| Abstract | The inheritance and linkage relationship of a new hairiness trait "large trichome" was investigated in barley. Although the size of large trichome is about four times that of normal one, the character can not be recognized with the naked eye. However, it is easily identified by the roughness of leaf touch. The large trichomes develop on both sides of the leaf blades. The direction of trichome is both acropetal and basipetal. It is clearly distinguished from the extremely long trichome controlled by Pub gene. About 2,300 varieties of our Barley Germplasm Center were screened by the leaf touch to find nine varieties with large trichome. Two of them were six-rowed local variety from Pakistan, and other seven were two-rowed varieties from Europe and Japan. All of them were hulled type. Crosses of six large trichome varieties with a normal Japanese variety resulted in the large trichome type F1s, suggesting the dominant nature of the trait. The large trichome line Hokuiku 17 was crossed with various linkage testres to study the mode of inheritance and the linkage relationship of the gene. In the F2 populations, the large trichome was controlled by a single dominant gene named Ltr (large trichome), which was independentiy inherited from the following marker genes; br and gl-5 on chromosome 1; li and ν on chromosome 2; uz on chromosome 3; K and gl-3 on chromosome 4; trd on chromosome 5; ο on chromosome 6. On the other hand, from the cross between Hokuiku 17 and OUL166, Ltr was found to be linked with s and fs on chromosome 7. Although the allelism test has not been completed, the very low frequency of the large trichome type (9/2,300) indicates that the variant resulted from a recent mutation event, or the fitness of the variant is low in the natural and/or artificial selection. |
| Keywords | Barley Trichome Linkage analysis |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1994 |
| Volume | volume2 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 63 |
| End Page | 68 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002313663 |
| Title Alternative | Inheritance of Phenol Reaction in the Awn of Barley |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 002_001_055_062.pdf |
| Author | Takeda, Kazuyoshi| Zhang, Chan Lin| Kanatani, Ryoichi| |
| Abstract | The inheritance and geographical distribution of the phenol reaction in rice has been investigated intensively. On the other hand, in the case of barley, almost all of the varieties show positive reaction to phenol, and inheritance study of the trait has not yet been reported. We investigated the phenol reaction of ca. 5,000 barley varieties preserved at the Barley Germplasm Center of Okayama University to find about 30 varieties which show a negative reaction to the phenol. These varieties are mainly from Southwest Asia. The reaction of awn was sharpest at all parts of the plant including seeds. The positive reaction must be the prototype of barley, because Hordeum spontaneum, a possible ancestor of the cultivated barley, shows positive reaction. Inheritance and linkage studies were conducted using varieties with negative reaction and linkage testers with positive reaction. Phenol reaction was dominant and showed a clear 3:1 segregation ratio in the F2 populations, indicating the trait was controlled by a single dominant gene Ph(phenol reaction). Linkage study revealed that Ph was linked with four marker genes(three loci) on the chromosome 2 and independent of 13 other marker genes located on the chromosomes except chromosome 2. Ph may be a useful marker gene and an interesting material for molecular-biological studies. |
| Keywords | Barley Phenol reaction Linkage analysis |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1994 |
| Volume | volume2 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 55 |
| End Page | 62 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Genetical Studies on Callus Growth and Plant Regeneration from Immature Embryos in Barley |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 002_001_043_053.pdf |
| Author | Mano, Yoshiro| Rikiishi, Kazuhide| Yasuda, Shozo| |
| Abstract | Immature embryos of 99 varieties of barley were cultured to investigate the ability of callus growth and plant regeneration. These two in vitro traits showed wide and continuous variations among the barley varieties tested. Ability of callus growth, which were evaluated by callus diameter ranged from 3.9mm to 11.2mm, and ability of plant regeneration from the calli ranged from 0% to 100%. A set of complete diallel crosses was made using six cultivars as the parents which differed in ability of callus growth and plant regeneration. The Vr/Wr graphical analysis showed that there were epistasis, or interaction among nonallelic genes for callus growth. As to ability of plant regeneration, no epistasis existed in the subdiallel without P1 (J232) which showed high specific combining ability, and it was controlled by a simple additive dominance genetic system. The mean degree of dominance(0.42) was relatively low and the broad(0.86) and narrow(0.78) sense heritabilities were high. |
| Keywords | Barley Tissue culture Plant regeneration Diallel analysis |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1994 |
| Volume | volume2 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 43 |
| End Page | 53 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Varietal Variation of Earliness in a Narrow Sense and Its Significance for Adaptation in Barley |
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| FullText URL | 002_001_023_032.pdf |
| Author | Okubo, Kazuo| Yasuda, Shozo| Takeda, Kazuyoshi| |
| Abstract | Heading time of is a complex character, which is controlled by several internal factors, namely, vernalization requirement, photoperiodic response and earliness in a narrow sense (ENS). The ecological significance of vernalization requirement and photoperiodic response has been clarified. However, the significance of ENS is not explained well. In this study, we examined the varietal variation of ENS, its geographical distribution and significance of ENS for regional adaptability in barley. The ENS was estimated from the number of days from sowing to flag-leaf emergence of sufficiently vernalized plants grown under a 24-h. photoperiod at 20℃ condition. The variation of ENS was determined from the number of leaves and leaf emergence intervals under the controlled condition. The ENS of 1,017 barley varieties ranged from 12 to 28 days. ENS was shortest in varieties from low-latitudes, while it was longer in varieties from high-latitudes and very low-latitudes. Multiple regression analysis for heading time(Y) on the ENS(X1) and the photoperiodic response(X2) was carried out using various data obtained from different experiment sites and sowing times. The multiple correlation was highly significant in all cases. It was clear that the ENS played an important role for determining heading time in the spring-sown conditions, while the photoperiodic response did in the fall-sown condition. |
| Keywords | Barley Heading time Geographica distribution Adaptability |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1994 |
| Volume | volume2 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 23 |
| End Page | 32 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | タバコ懸濁培養細胞におけるアルミニウムの二価鉄、銅およびカドミウム毒性に対する影響 |
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| FullText URL | 002_002_181_190.pdf |
| Author | Yamamoto, Yoko| Chang, Yi-Chieh| Ono, Kanji| Matsumoto, Hideaki| |
| Abstract | The effects of aluminum (Al) on the cytotoxicity of ferrous iron (Fe(Ⅱ)), copper(Cu) and cadmium(Cd) were studied. Log-phase cells were treated with either FeSO4,CuSO4, or CdCl2 in the presence or absence of AlCl3(120μM) for 18h at pH 4.0. After the treatment, the viability was determined as relative growth of the metal-treated cells to the untreated control cells during the post-treated culture. A single treated with either Al, Fe(Ⅱ) or Cd did not inhibit the growth at the metal concerntrations up to 300 μM, 200 μM and 500 μM, respectively, whereas the growth was markedly inhibited at 15 μM Cu. Thus,the cells were relatively insensitive to Al, Fe(Ⅱ) and Cd and sensitive to Cu. When cells were treated with both Fe(Ⅱ)(120 μM)and Al(120μM), the growth was significantly inhibited and the cellular contents of both Al and Fe increased synergistically. After the treatment with Cu(0 to 10 μM) with or without Al, the cells grew more vigorously when they were treated in the presence of Al, althrouh the Cu content of the cells were not alterd by Al. The presence of Al during the treatmemt with Cd(0 to 2 μM) had no effect on the degree of growth inhibition by Cd. Thus, Al interacts with the toxicity of Fe(Ⅱ), Cu and Cd in different manners; synergistic with Fe(Ⅱ), antagonistic with Cu and apparently no effeco on Cd. |
| Keywords | Aluminum Antagonistic Nicotiana tabacum Suspension culture Synergistic |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1994 |
| Volume | volume2 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 181 |
| End Page | 190 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Studies on Heterosis in Barley Cultivars |
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| FullText URL | 002_001_007_022.pdf |
| Author | Yasuda, Shozo| Hayashi, Jiro| Moriya, Isamu| |
| Abstract | In cultivated barley, various hybrid injuries such as brittle rachis and hybrid weakness occur. Therefore, crossing must be done among cultivars to prevent the occurrence of such hybrid injuries. In the present study, we examined the magnitude of the heterosis in the crossings and geographical distribution of barley cultivars concerning heterosis. A few Japanese cultivars were used as the common parent for crossing. (1) In the six-rowed barley, 43 cultivars collected from Japan, China and Korea were crossed with non-uzu covered and naked cultivars, Shiroyo-shigara 2 and Nami-Akashinriki, respectively. The largest magnitude of heterosis in grain yield per plant was obtained in the crossing between the Korean cultivar and one of the Japanese common parents. (2) Heterosis in two-rowed cultivars was investigated using a total of 156 F1S which were cross combinations of cultivars collected from the world with two common male parents, Amagi Nijo and Kawasaigoku. The heterosis was larger larger in the cross combinations with Turkish and Ethiopian cultivars. The largest F1/BP was 1.66 in Turkish and 1.45 in Ethiopian cultivars. (3) As to uzu or semi-dwarf cultivars peculiar to Japan, 34 cultivars were crossed with two common male parents, Sekitori (covered) and Akashinriki (naked). Expression of the heterosis was rather conspicuous in the crosses of covered×naked cultivars than those of covered×covered and naked×naked ones. (4) Half diallel analysis using 10 two-rowed cultivars showed that one Ethiopian cultivar expressed a high grade of general combining ability and that one French cultivar was of higher specific combining ability. (5) The most effective agronomic character of the two-rowed cultivars to the grain yield per piant was number of ears in an ordinary year, while in the wet year it was 1000 grain weight. This was considered to be due to overluxuriant growth accompanied by lowering of the percentage of ripened grain. However, in some cultivars the percentage of ripened grain was not lowered under the overluxuriant growth condition. |
| Keywords | Barley Heterosis Diallel analysis Overluxuriant growth Geographical variety |
| Publication Title | Bulletin of the Research Institute For Bioresources, Okayama University |
| Published Date | 1994 |
| Volume | volume2 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 7 |
| End Page | 22 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
