result 24410 件
JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/40446 |
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Title Alternative | Entrepreneurial Choices in Strategic Options in Japan’s RPG Development |
FullText URL | oer_037_1_019_034.pdf |
Author | Fujii, Daiji| |
Abstract | The purpose of this paper is to examine one of the functions which entrepreneurs may play in the course of industrial development through a case study of Japan’s RPG development race. As Japan’s toy manufacturers often said, their market was characteristic of its small size and considerable demand volatility in comparison to other consumer products. Entrepreneurs must have seen any commitment to a cutting edge product, video games, as only a gamble and therefore behaved in a trial−and−error way. Furthermore, judging from the fact that no one could imagine the video game would come to turn over ¥1500 billion in 20 years, the firm level trial−and−errors and their subsequent variety of strategies on the industry level must have been the key to understand the unexpected market growth and technical evolution. However, recent management thoughts told us that the strategic variety in an industry could be possibly indulged by various pressures towards homogeneity. Such counter powers are referred to as organizational isomorphism, strategic bandwagon effects and so on. To examine those pressures which drive entrepreneurs back and forth towards strategic variety, this paper looks at the structural characteristics which underlie the way entrepreneurs see things in an uncertain environment. The case analysis takes the view that the video game industry was so uncertain that nothing could affect so deterministically entrepreneurs’ behaviours other than their perceptions. As a conclusion here, this paper points out some tradeoffs underlying the two different strategies which the twin peaks of Japanese RPG producers, Square and Enix, employed to meet with the uncertainty of the infant RPG market. It also argues that these tradeoffs based on two different perceptions might have kept their startups from the isomorphic indulgence. As a more prospective argument, questioned is the quality of strategic variety which is often deemed as an unquestionable remedy to industrial stagnation. |
Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
Published Date | 2005-06-10 |
Volume | volume37 |
Issue | issue1 |
Start Page | 19 |
End Page | 34 |
ISSN | 0386-3069 |
Related Url | http://www.e.okayama-u.ac.jp/gakkai/ |
language | Japanese |
File Version | publisher |
NAID | 120002509310 |
JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/40445 |
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FullText URL | oer_037_1_001_018.pdf |
Author | Ali, Md. Mohobbot| Konishi, Noriyuki| |
Abstract | The study attempts to analyze the ins and outs of the risk reporting guidelines in UK. The guidelines advocate for the voluntary adoption of risk reporting through annual reports of the company. This voluntary reporting of risk will ensure the transparency and efficiency of the company management that eventually help the company to obtain funds from the capital market with the possible lowest cost. They also advise to disclose material / relevant risk information in a proper way so that the users can take their economic decision based on those disclosed information. On the other hand, company need not to disclose the commercially sensitive risk information, as it can give advantage to the rival companies. This risk reporting guidelines are also having some weaknesses. Such as, they mention about inverse relationship between level of disclosed risk information and cost of capital without any empirical evidence. Guidelines give a vague direction about the commercial sensitive risk information because companies can hide some important risk information on the ground of commercial sensitivity if needed. Other lacking include unavailability of suitable / reliable risk identification and measurement tools, expectation about common knowledge and so on. |
Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
Published Date | 2005-06-10 |
Volume | volume37 |
Issue | issue1 |
Start Page | 1 |
End Page | 18 |
ISSN | 0386-3069 |
Related Url | http://www.e.okayama-u.ac.jp/gakkai/ |
language | English |
File Version | publisher |
NAID | 120002509309 |
JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/40219 |
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Title Alternative | Consumption-tax-financed fertility policy and persistent intergenerational inequality: A preliminary exploration |
FullText URL | 042_2_077_087.pdf |
Author | Yokoo, Masanori| |
Abstract | The paper incorporates into a standard two-period-lived overlapping generations model with Cobb-Douglas utility and Cobb-Douglas production technology a government that levies a tax on consumption and households that have an opportunity to choose the fertility rate. The government spends all the tax revenue to finance the policy aiming to increase the national birth rate. Each young household faces a binary choice between 'high fertility' and 'low fertility', depending on the level of the government’s expenditure on that policy. The government’s policy together with the fertility choice by the households can give rise to strong nonlinearity in the transition equation of the economy. Numerical simulations show that the economic system exhibits endogenous cyclical or chaotic fluctuations in fertility for a large set of values of consumption tax rates. It is also numerically shown that some (inappropriate) choice of the tax rate by the government can cause persistent intergenerational inequality. |
Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
Published Date | 2010-09-10 |
Volume | volume42 |
Issue | issue2 |
Start Page | 77 |
End Page | 87 |
ISSN | 0386-3069 |
Related Url | http://www.e.okayama-u.ac.jp/gakkai/ |
language | Japanese |
Copyright Holders | 岡山大学経済学会 |
File Version | publisher |
NAID | 120002401096 |
JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/40218 |
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FullText URL | 042_2_047_075.pdf |
Author | Okamoto, Akira| Shima, Toshihiko| |
Abstract | This paper aims to establish guidelines for public pension reform in an aging Japan, using a numerical simulation approach. The paper examines the effects of demographic change and public pension policies on economic growth and welfare, using a dynamic life-cycle general equilibrium model. It deals with the benchmark case with the current Japanese pension schedule based on the 2004 reform, and the reform cases in which the whole basic pension benefit is financed by a consumption tax and in which the earnings-related pension is abolished. Moreover, it handles the case in which a progressive expenditure (or consumption) tax is introduced. The simulation results show that the level of economic welfare is higher under these reforms than under the current pension schedule. |
Keywords | Aging population Public pension reform Basic pension Progressive expenditure tax Life-cycle general equilibrium simulation model |
Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
Published Date | 2010-09-10 |
Volume | volume42 |
Issue | issue2 |
Start Page | 47 |
End Page | 75 |
ISSN | 0386-3069 |
Related Url | http://www.e.okayama-u.ac.jp/gakkai/ |
language | English |
Copyright Holders | 岡山大学経済学会 |
File Version | publisher |
NAID | 120002401095 |
JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/40217 |
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FullText URL | 042_2_021_045.pdf |
Author | Taguchi, Masahiro| |
Abstract | In this article, I will try to present the mechanism of the collapse of the socialist economic system based on empirical analysis of reforms of the Polish socialist economy. In Poland, there were several attempts to carry out economic reforms, but in most cases, the experiments failed. I therefore examined why the reforms failed, and why reform ultimately stalled in deadlock. I focused on the stiffness of basic architecture of the “traditional” system, the structural cyclicity of the reforms, the political limits of deepening of socialist reforms, compatibility and interactivity between the platform of the system and functioning mechanisms. Reasons for inability to build an effective system through reform of the socialist economy can be traced back to the rigidity of the platform. The logic wove into the basic architecture withdraw the functioning mechanism, which was partially improved in order to fit the environment, to the original logic. This rigidity of the platform formed cyclicity of the economic reform. Therefore, the system does not function efficiently if the platform is not essentially replaced. However, the basic architecture of the platform is an ideological base of the socialist system, and changing this lead to the denial of socialism. These are the limitations of economic reforms in the socialist system. This inflexibility also caused the collapse of the system and it inevitably led to the systemic transformation. |
Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
Published Date | 2010-09-10 |
Volume | volume42 |
Issue | issue2 |
Start Page | 21 |
End Page | 45 |
ISSN | 0386-3069 |
Related Url | http://www.e.okayama-u.ac.jp/gakkai/ |
language | Polish |
Copyright Holders | 岡山大学経済学会 |
File Version | publisher |
NAID | 120002401094 |
JaLCDOI | 10.18926/AMO/40135 |
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FullText URL | 64_4_263.pdf |
Author | Pavelić, Jasminka| Čulić, Srdjana| Čulić, Vida| |
Abstract | The occurrence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and another malignancy in the same patient is infrequent but has been recognized. The genetic changes that could be responsible for LCH and/or concomitant leukemia development are obscure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of constitutional maternally derived inv (9) (p12;q13) in an LCH patient, and also of the development of common ALL Ph after LCH diagnosis and therapy. The potential significance of these findings [inv (9)LCHALL Ph] and their mutual relationship are unknown. Therefore, cooperative studies of large numbers of patients are needed to identify the common risk factors, if any. |
Keywords | acute lymphoblastic leukemia genetic changes langerhans cell histiocytosis |
Amo Type | Case Report |
Publication Title | Acta Medica Okayama |
Published Date | 2010-08 |
Volume | volume64 |
Issue | issue4 |
Publisher | Okayama University Medical School |
Start Page | 263 |
End Page | 265 |
ISSN | 0386-300X |
NCID | AA00508441 |
Content Type | Journal Article |
language | English |
Copyright Holders | Okayama University Medical School |
File Version | publisher |
Refereed | True |
PubMed ID | 20802544 |
Web of Science KeyUT | 000281384400008 |
JaLCDOI | 10.18926/AMO/40134 |
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FullText URL | 64_4_257.pdf |
Author | Moritani, Norifumi| Yamada, Tomohiro| Mizobuchi, Koichi| Wakimoto, Mari| Ikeya, Yoko| Matsumura, Tatsushi| Mishima, Katsuaki| Iida, Seiji| |
Abstract | The term atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT) is synonymous with well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDL). This tumor occurs very rarely in the tongue. Thus, it is difficult to predict its prognosis. Although recurrence of ALT/WDL is thought to be unlikely after complete excision, long-term follow-up is necessary when considering the pathologic conditions of this tumor at other sites. Here, we report a case of an ALT of the tongue, with a review of the literature. A 68-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of a tumor on the left side of his tongue. Upon palpation, the tumor was 12mm in diameter, circumscribed, elastic and hard, well demarcated, movable, and painless. We diagnosed the lesion as a lipoma and extirpated the tumor under local anesthesia. Because the specimen was histopathologically diagnosed as an ALT, as a precaution, we excised an additional 5mm from the area surrounding the original tumor under general anesthesia. Three years after the operation, the tongue demonstrated good healing without paresthesia or dysfunction, and to date there has been no evidence of recurrence. |
Keywords | atypical lipomatous tumor well-differentiated liposarcoma tongue |
Amo Type | Case Report |
Publication Title | Acta Medica Okayama |
Published Date | 2010-08 |
Volume | volume64 |
Issue | issue4 |
Publisher | Okayama University Medical School |
Start Page | 257 |
End Page | 261 |
ISSN | 0386-300X |
NCID | AA00508441 |
Content Type | Journal Article |
language | English |
Copyright Holders | Okayama University Medical School |
File Version | publisher |
Refereed | True |
PubMed ID | 20802543 |
Web of Science KeyUT | 000281384400007 |
JaLCDOI | 10.18926/AMO/40133 |
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FullText URL | 64_4_249.pdf |
Author | Masumoto, Akio| Masuyama, Hisashi| Takamoto, Norio| Akahori, Yoichiro| Hiramatsu, Yuji| |
Abstract | It has been reported that prolactin (PRL) is cleaved to 14 or 16 kDa fragments by cathepsin D in vitro and in vivo, and that such fragments exhibit antiangiogenic and proapoptotic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and the placental expression of antiangiogenic PRL fragments and cathepsin D. Placental expression of PRL fragments and cathepsin D was evaluated by Western blot analysis in a group of 9 pregnant women consisting of 5 normal pregnancies and 4 severe PIH cases. Antiangiogenic PRL fragments were detected in 4 placental samples from all PIH cases but not detected in those from normal pregnancies (p0.05). The expression of cathepsin D in PIH placentas was significantly lower than that in those without PIH (p0.05), while the placental expression of procathepsin D was significantly greater in PIH cases than in the normal pregnancies (p0.05). These data suggest that antiangiogenic PRL fragments in the placenta may be present only in PIH cases, and that PRL fragments in the placenta might be implicated in the pathophysiology of PIH. |
Keywords | pregnancy induced hypertension preeclampsia prolactin prolactin fragment cathepsin-D |
Amo Type | Original Article |
Publication Title | Acta Medica Okayama |
Published Date | 2010-08 |
Volume | volume64 |
Issue | issue4 |
Publisher | Okayama University Medical School |
Start Page | 249 |
End Page | 255 |
ISSN | 0386-300X |
NCID | AA00508441 |
Content Type | Journal Article |
language | English |
Copyright Holders | Okayama University Medical School |
File Version | publisher |
Refereed | True |
PubMed ID | 20802542 |
Web of Science KeyUT | 000281384400006 |
JaLCDOI | 10.18926/AMO/40132 |
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FullText URL | 64_4_243.pdf |
Author | Myo-Khin| Myat-Tin-Htwe-Kyaw| Yi-Yi-Kyaw| Ohmar-Lwin| Myat-Phone-Kyaw| Khin-May-Oo| Shimono, Kunio| Koide, Norio| Okada, Shigeru| |
Abstract | The efficacy of AntiOxidant Biofactor (AOB(R)) for the management of apparently healthy subjects with chronic hepatitis C infection was investigated. A total of 60 subjects (35 males, 25 females) participated in the trial. AOB was given orally in 2 packs (3g per pack) 3 times per day. 17 subjects had taken AOB for 3 years, 31 subjects up to 2 years, and 41 subjects up to one year. The initial mean (SD) serum alamine aminotransferase (ALT) level was 46.3+/-35.4IU/L, and significant (p0.05, paired t-test) reductions in the mean serum ALT levels were observed at 6 months (38.6+/-21.5IU/L), 18 months (31.9+/-18.1IU/L), 2 years (31.2+/-14.6IU/L), and 3 years (28.0+/-15.9IU/L). Those presenting with high serum ALT levels (30 subjects) demonstrated significant levels (p0.05, paired t-test) of reduction in the mean serum ALT levels at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of treatment. No side effects were observed and the AOB treatment was well tolerated by all subjects. |
Keywords | hepatitis C AntiOxidant Biofactor (AOB®) ALT level |
Amo Type | Original Article |
Publication Title | Acta Medica Okayama |
Published Date | 2010-08 |
Volume | volume64 |
Issue | issue4 |
Publisher | Okayama University Medical School |
Start Page | 243 |
End Page | 248 |
ISSN | 0386-300X |
NCID | AA00508441 |
Content Type | Journal Article |
language | English |
Copyright Holders | Okayama University Medical School |
File Version | publisher |
Refereed | True |
PubMed ID | 20802541 |
Web of Science KeyUT | 000281384400005 |
JaLCDOI | 10.18926/AMO/40131 |
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FullText URL | 64_4_233.pdf |
Author | Matsuoka, Hiroyuki| Ikezawa, Tsunetaka| Hirai, Makoto| |
Abstract | We are producing a transgenic mosquito, a flying syringe, to deliver a vaccine protein to human beings via the saliva the mosquito deposits in the skin while biting. The mosquito produces a vaccine protein in the salivary gland (SG) and deposits the protein into the host's skin when it takes the host's blood. We chose circumsporozoite protein (CSP), currently the most promising malaria vaccine candidate, to be expressed in the SG of Anopheles stephensi. To transform the mosquitoes, plasmid containing the CSP gene under the promoter of female SG-specific gene, as well as the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene under the promoter of 3xP3 as a selection marker in the eyes, was injected into more than 400 eggs. As a result, five strains of GFP-expressing mosquitoes were established, and successful CSP expression in the SG was confirmed in one strain. The estimated amount of CSP in the SG of the strain was 40ng per mosquito. We allowed the CSP-expressing mosquitoes to feed on mice to induce the production of anti-CSP antibody. However, the mice did not develop anti-CSP antibody even after transgenic mosquitoes had bitten them several times. We consider that CSP in the SG was not secreted properly into the saliva. Further techniques and trials are required in order to realize vaccine-delivering mosquitoes. |
Keywords | malaria salivary gland flying syringe transgenic mosquito vaccine |
Amo Type | Original Article |
Publication Title | Acta Medica Okayama |
Published Date | 2010-08 |
Volume | volume64 |
Issue | issue4 |
Publisher | Okayama University Medical School |
Start Page | 233 |
End Page | 241 |
ISSN | 0386-300X |
NCID | AA00508441 |
Content Type | Journal Article |
language | English |
Copyright Holders | Okayama University Medical School |
File Version | publisher |
Refereed | True |
PubMed ID | 20802540 |
Web of Science KeyUT | 000281384400004 |
JaLCDOI | 10.18926/AMO/40130 |
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FullText URL | 64_4_225.pdf |
Author | Ohtsu, Tadahiro| Kokaze, Akatsuki| Shimada, Naoki| Kaneita, Yoshitaka| Shirasawa, Takako| Ochiai, Hirotaka| Hoshino, Hiromi| Takaishi, Masahiro| |
Abstract | Over the past two decades, the liquor industry in Japan has strived to address alcohol-related problems through initiatives such as warnings in the various media. In this study, we conducted an Internet-based questionnaire survey to examine general consumer awareness of such warnings, and the media by which they are conveyed, on the consumption of alcoholic beverages. A total of 985 subjects (males:487, females:498) in age groups ranging from 20s to 70s responded (response rate:22.4%). The awareness rates for warnings regarding underage drinking, drunk driving, and drinking during pregnancy, and those for messages encouraging moderation in drinking, were 96.4%, 83.7%, 59.6%, and 45.5%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for habitual alcohol consumption demonstrated significant gender- and/or age-based differences in the rates of awareness of warnings and the media publicizing them. For example, the odds ratio of awareness among women of warnings against underage drinking was significantly higher than that of awareness among men. Issues that must be addressed in the future include:(1) increasing public awareness about messages regarding drinking during pregnancy and drinking in moderation;(2) reviewing the wording of warnings to make them more effective;and (3) devising and employing, on a regular basis, more effective means of transmitting messages in consideration of gender and age. |
Keywords | alcoholic beverages warnings consumer awareness Internet-based survey |
Amo Type | Original Article |
Publication Title | Acta Medica Okayama |
Published Date | 2010-08 |
Volume | volume64 |
Issue | issue4 |
Publisher | Okayama University Medical School |
Start Page | 225 |
End Page | 232 |
ISSN | 0386-300X |
NCID | AA00508441 |
Content Type | Journal Article |
language | English |
Copyright Holders | Okayama University Medical School |
File Version | publisher |
Refereed | True |
PubMed ID | 20802539 |
Web of Science KeyUT | 000281384400003 |
JaLCDOI | 10.18926/AMO/40129 |
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FullText URL | 64_4_219.pdf |
Author | Doi, Maho| Miyazaki, Ikuko| Nagamachi, Tomoko| Shinomiya, Kazuaki| Matsunaga, Hisashi| Sendo, Toshiaki| Kawasaki, Hiromu| Asanuma, Masato| Gomita, Yutaka| Kitamura, Yoshihisa| |
Abstract | We examined the influence of chronic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) treatment on the number of Ki-67-positive cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in rats. ACTH treatment for 14 days decreased the number of such cells. The administration of imipramine or lithium alone for 14 days had no effect in saline-treated rats. The effect of ACTH was blocked by the administration of imipramine. Furthermore, the coadministration of imipramine and lithium for 14 days significantly increased the number of Ki-67-positive cells in both the saline and ACTH-treated rats. The coadministration of imipramine and lithium normalized the cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in rats treated with ACTH. |
Keywords | ACTH imipramine lithium proliferation Ki-67 |
Amo Type | Original Article |
Publication Title | Acta Medica Okayama |
Published Date | 2010-08 |
Volume | volume64 |
Issue | issue4 |
Publisher | Okayama University Medical School |
Start Page | 219 |
End Page | 223 |
ISSN | 0386-300X |
NCID | AA00508441 |
Content Type | Journal Article |
language | English |
Copyright Holders | Okayama University Medical School |
File Version | publisher |
Refereed | True |
PubMed ID | 20802538 |
Web of Science KeyUT | 000281384400002 |
JaLCDOI | 10.18926/AMO/40128 |
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FullText URL | 64_4_213.pdf |
Author | Otani, Hiroyuki| Otsuka, Fumio| Inagaki, Kenichi| Suzuki, Jiro| Makino, Hirofumi| |
Abstract | Aldosterone production occurs in the adrenal cortex, and is regulated primarily by angiotensin II (Ang II), potassium and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). In the presence of the aldosterone stimulators, steroidogenesis is further governed by local autocrine and/or paracrine factors in the adrenal cortex. We reported the presence of functional bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) system in the adrenal cortex and also demonstrated that BMP-6 increases Ang II-induced aldosterone production, which could be involved in the "aldosterone breakthrough" phenomenon. Aldosterone breakthrough is the phenomenon by which circulating aldosterone concentrations increase above pre-treatment levels after long-term therapy with ACE inhibitors or Ang II type 1 receptor antagonists (ARB). This phenomenon may lead to important clinical consequences since increased aldosterone in a high-salt state facilitates cardiovascular and renal damage in hypertensive patients. We found that long-term ARB treatment reverses the reduction of aldosterone synthesis by adrenocortical cells, thereby causing "cellular aldosterone breakthrough". The availability of BMP-6 in the adrenal cortex may be at least partly involved in the occurrence of cellular escape from aldosterone suppression under chronic treatment with ARB. |
Keywords | adrenal cortex angiotensin II aldosterone bone morphogenetic protein |
Amo Type | Review |
Publication Title | Acta Medica Okayama |
Published Date | 2010-08 |
Volume | volume64 |
Issue | issue4 |
Publisher | Okayama University Medical School |
Start Page | 213 |
End Page | 218 |
ISSN | 0386-300X |
NCID | AA00508441 |
Content Type | Journal Article |
language | English |
Copyright Holders | Okayama University Medical School |
File Version | publisher |
Refereed | True |
PubMed ID | 20802537 |
Web of Science KeyUT | 000281384400001 |
Author | Hamano, Ryosuke| Inagaki, Masaru| Nishie, Manabu| Tokunaga, Naoyuki| Tsunemitsu, Yosuke| Ohtsuka, Shinya| Iwakawa, Kazuhide| Iwagaki, Hiromi| Sonobe, Hiroshi| |
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Published Date | 2010-08-02 |
Publication Title | 岡山医学会雑誌 |
Volume | volume122 |
Issue | issue2 |
Content Type | Journal Article |
Author | Okayama Medical Association| |
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Published Date | 2010-08-02 |
Publication Title | 岡山医学会雑誌 |
Volume | volume122 |
Issue | issue2 |
Content Type | Others |
Author | 宇野 昌明| |
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Published Date | 2010-08-02 |
Publication Title | 岡山医学会雑誌 |
Volume | volume122 |
Issue | issue2 |
Content Type | Others |
Author | 佐々木 恭子| |
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Published Date | 2010-08-02 |
Publication Title | 岡山医学会雑誌 |
Volume | volume122 |
Issue | issue2 |
Content Type | Article |
Author | 土光 莊六| |
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Published Date | 2010-08-02 |
Publication Title | 岡山医学会雑誌 |
Volume | volume122 |
Issue | issue2 |
Content Type | Article |
Author | Hiramatsu, Yuji| |
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Published Date | 2010-08-02 |
Publication Title | 岡山医学会雑誌 |
Volume | volume122 |
Issue | issue2 |
Content Type | Article |
Author | Hiramatsu, Yuji| |
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Published Date | 2010-08-02 |
Publication Title | 岡山医学会雑誌 |
Volume | volume122 |
Issue | issue2 |
Content Type | Journal Article |