result 19462 件
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41636 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | An Overture to the Study of Policy Implementation Model |
| FullText URL | oer_028_3_001_027.pdf |
| Author | Fujimoto, Toshimi| |
| Abstract | The paper investigates such basic policy-making regimes as simple rules, commitments and discretion, and some compromises on them such as rules with escape clauses and so on in a familiar static framework of two targets and one policy instrument, with an intention of making it as an overture to the study of Ragnar Frisch's theory of economic policy, especially his policy implelmentation model as the qualitative policy model. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1996-12-05 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 1 |
| End Page | 27 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129839 |
| Author | Ban, Wei| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1996-08-28 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Content Type | Article |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41627 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | An Institutionalist Approach to Liberaliam (1) |
| FullText URL | oer_028_2_143_160.pdf |
| Author | Inaba, Shin-ichiro| |
| Abstract | The aim of this paper is to present a new way of theorizing liberalist political / social doctrines. Formerly, most supporters of liberalism have constructed their political / social theories on the base of "methodological individualism". But here I try to found a discriptive / normative theory of liberal societies on the ground ofa sort of "wholism". A main idea of this paper is to conceptualize "personhood" as one type of institutions. I define "institution" as a expected pattern of actions, or a system of rules of conducts, and see "person" as the special type of institution, the institution enacted by one physical humane individual. And I make a thoretical modell of liberal society as a band of different types of institutions. In this modell, "person" is not a sort of "social atom", but have a very specific functioning. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1996-08-28 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 143 |
| End Page | 160 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129829 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41626 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Labour-values of Joint Products in the Analysis of Unequal Exchange ofEmbodied Labour |
| FullText URL | oer_028_2_127_142.pdf |
| Author | Wada, Yutaka| |
| Abstract | According to the standard version ofthe labour theory of value, labourvalue of a product is defined as the social average of the amounts of labour embodied in the homogeneous products on the supposition that the scale of the production is appropriate to the social demand for the products. In case of joint products, the amount of labour directly and indirectly necessary for their production needs to be divided among individual joint products before calculating the average. In the labour division, the composition of demands for heterogeneous joint products must be considered because it will be different from the composition of the products which is fundamentally determined by the technical relations of production. The labour division among joint products, therefore; is understandable through two logical phases. First, without any consideration for the gap between demand and production peculiar to joint products, the amount of labour necessary for production is divided equally among categories of homogeneous joint products. Second, the division of necessary labour is modified by the consideration for the gap. The labour divided into unsold products is divided again among other joint products sold in higher proportions to production because the former are the useless by-products of the latter. The amount of labour commanded by each joint product may be further deviated from the average of its embodied labour after the modification. Labour-values of joint products should include the part of deviations which reflects the reduction of the gap at the markets. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1996-08-28 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 127 |
| End Page | 142 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129837 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41623 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | On the Factors Which Induce Chinese Students to Obtain Employment in Japan |
| FullText URL | oer_028_2_023_037.pdf |
| Author | Oka, Masumi| Fukada, Hiromi| |
| Abstract | The present study examines the difference of consciousness between the two groups of Chinese students. The first group consists of the students who want to go back to China after their studies in Japan and to obtain employment in their own country. The second group is formed by the students who want to have a job in Japan when their studies are completed. We try to make a comparison between the consciouness of the two groups so that we can clarify the influencial factors on their decision to stay in Japan in order to obtain employment in Japanese enterprises. This paper has revealed that the following factors are remarkable among the second group: 1) experience of longer period of stay in Japan, 2) life under comparatively affluent circumstances, and 3) "friendly" feelings towards the Japanese society. Their wish to work in Japan seems to be closely related with their hope to keep on living in Japan. The former study, Oka & Fukada[1994a], supports the results of this study as far as the above factors 1) and 2) are concerned. The former study has no data on 3). As for "sex", one of the factors, the results of the two studies are contradictory. That is, the former study shows that "sex" is an influencial factor, while the present study says it is not. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1996-08-28 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 23 |
| End Page | 37 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129826 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41622 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The Systemic Transformation Process and Its Regional Structural Features in Russian Far East : The Case of The Privatization of State Property in Khabarovsk Kray |
| FullText URL | oer_028_2_001_022.pdf |
| Author | Genka, Tomonori| |
| Abstract | On July 1,1994, the privatization cheque had become invalid and the first stage of the privatization in Russia ended. This year was also a turning point in the privatization process in Khabarovsk Kray. By the end of 1994 about 90 per cent of small economic units, such as shops and service estblishments and over 60 per cent of industrial units have been privatized. There non-state-owned enterprises in mixed ownership have become closing to one fourths of all enterprises, and producing three fourths of the amount of industrial products and also of consumption goods. Sturucutral differences in privatization among the regional administrative units in Russian Far East can be found. For instance, concerning enterprises in mixed ownership the share of the amount of industiral products in 1994 were 33 per cent in Sakhalin Oblast' and 68 per cent in Primorskiy Kray. The problems of the second stage of privatization are how to privatize large industrial units as the hard core of state ownership, such as enterprises of defence industry, and how to manage and control the enterprises in mixed ownership. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1996-08-28 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 1 |
| End Page | 22 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129825 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41619 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Work of Designers and Pattern-makers in Apparel Manufacturing Companies |
| FullText URL | oer_028_1_175_198.pdf |
| Author | Wakisaka, Akira| |
| Abstract | This research is an intensive interview to five designers and six pattern-makers in three apparel manufacturers. The purpose of the research is to collect a detailed information on specialists who are thought to be fluid workers and to be an approriate job for combining work with family. Ten in eleven interviewees are women, who are almost single. They think it is difficult to continiue to work after having a baby. It is interesting that three companies have different personnel system in treatment of specialists. Company A treats specialists as same as other employees such as clerks or merchandizers. Company B treats patternmakers same as other employees but treats designers differently, remuneration of designers are determined by annual base. Company C treats specialists differnt from other employees, both designers and pattern-makers are contracted and remunerated every year. According to company's personnel strategy, career development of these specialists differs. But difficulties of women for getting a career success are same irrespective of firm's personnel system and of fluid or stable workers. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1996-06-05 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 175 |
| End Page | 198 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129824 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41618 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The Diaries ofthe Deserted Japanese Settlers in Anshan |
| FullText URL | oer_028_1_147_174.pdf |
| Author | Matsumoto, Toshiro| |
| Abstract | In this paper I introduce two diaries written by the Japanese settlers who were forsaken in Anshan, Liaoning province, by the Guandong Anny in 1945. I also present a chronological table about Anshan during the civil war between the Nationalist and the Communist, cross checking these diaries with the other historical materials. The abandoned settlers spent hard and horrible days in the period. Some of them were forced to help the reconstruction of Anshan Iron and Steel Company. So their diaries give us the valuable information to comprehend the situation of Anshan and A.I.S.C. One of the diaries was written by an ex-clerk of Showa Iron and Steel Works(later A.I.S.C.). It tells us the daily incidents around his life. Another diary teaches us the political and economic circumstances in Anshan. The author of the latter had been one of the leaders of the Japanese Settlement Corporation at Anshan and was arrested once by the Eight Root Anny. He described his unusual experience vividly in the diary. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1996-06-05 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 147 |
| End Page | 174 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129820 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER41614 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Effectiveness of Performance Related Pay - Introduction and Its Outcome in the U. K. Civil Service - |
| FullText URL | oer_028_1_023_042.pdf |
| Author | Yamamoto, Kiyoshi| |
| Abstract | In Japan, the introduction of Performance Related Pay (PRP) has been one of the significant changes in employers' approaches to personnel management in the last few years. In PRP the level of pay is defined and made contingent upon certain levels of performance, and its theoretical framework rests on expectancy theory. This theory is based on assumption that individuals will increase their effort to gain more rewards, resulting in increased performance. So it suggests that expectancy perceptions can be strengthened through appraisal system where the link between effort and performance can be demonstrated. Also many employers use PRP as a strategic tool to force changes in values and cultures of their organizations. However the empirical studies demonstrating the effectiveness of PRP are few in Japan. Therefore a survey of government organizations in the UK known to be recently introduced PRP was carried out. We also implemented comparative studies in organizational culture between Japanese civil service and the UK's, because they could identifY the important factors in introducing and implementing processes of PRP in Japan. The principal findings are : 1) Although the principles of PRP are mainly accepted, PRP does not work well as a monetary incentive for improving performance. 2) The recognition with non-monetary incentives is more effective in promoting employee's motivation than a monetary incentive through PRP. 3) Integrating with performance management system has an impact on the organizational culture. 4) Compared to the Japanese civil service, UK's culture is more result-oriented and enterprising while more procedual and regulated. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1996-06-05 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 23 |
| End Page | 42 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129815 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41613 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | On Relation between Adjustment to Japanese Society and Social Support of Chinese Students Studying in Japan at Private Expense |
| FullText URL | oer_028_1_001_022.pdf |
| Author | Oka, Masumi| Fukada, Hiromi| Jou, Yuh Huey| |
| Abstract | The present study examines the relation between the adjustment of Chinese students to the Japanese life and social support they need from others or various support they can give to others. Eighty Chinese students studying in Okayama prefecture at private expense responded to our questionaire. The former studies (Jou & Fukada [1995 a, 1995 b]) clarified that there was a negative relation between needed support of Chinese students and their adjustment or their satisfaction with campus life. Based upon the result of these studies, we predicted a negative relation between them also in the present study. Namely, we presupposed that the more support they needed, the less adjustment and the less satisfaction they would have. The present study, however, has revealed that there seems to be no relation between them. We also predicted a positive relation between the amount of support Chinese students can afford to others and their adjustment or their satisfaction with campus life. That is, we thought that the more support they could provide, the better adjustment and the more satisfaction they can have. The data obtained in this study have also revealed that there exists a positive relation in general between Chinese students' support providable to others and their adjustment or their satisfaction with campus life. Further analyses using subscores, however, indicate that every area or type of providable support does not necessarily have a positive relation with every area of adjustment or every area of satisfaction with campus life. Moreover, our study has revealed that there also exists a negative relation between them though in an extremely minor part. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1996-06-05 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 1 |
| End Page | 22 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129814 |
| Author | Yamada, Akira| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1998-03-15 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Content Type | Article |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41608 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_029_4_125_132.pdf |
| Author | Fujimoto, Takao| Ranade, Ravindra R.| |
| Abstract | This paper presents a geometrical approach to the univalence problem for a system of cost functions. We present a natural (almost tautological) extension of a geometrical theorem due to McKenzie: our sufficient condition is related to the non-separability of two cones formed by convex combinations of the rows of the Jacobian matrix. This means that the cones spanned by the rows of Jacobian matrix (i.e., production coefficients) do not move wildly so that the two cones corresponding to the two end points (i.e., factor price vectors) cannot be separated by the hyperplane orthogonal to the vector of changes in factor prices. Unlike most ofthe previous propositions, our condition can naturally include as a special case such linear systems as having a non-singular matrix. We also give an alternative condition employing the concept of monotone functions. Dual to the above result is one more condition, which is shown to be closely connected with Kuhn's WARP-like requirement when the given functions are concave as well as homogeneous of degree one. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-03-15 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 125 |
| End Page | 132 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129917 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41600 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_029_3_079_085.pdf |
| Author | Fujimoto, Takao| |
| Abstract | This note is to provide a bridge between traditional local analysis for comparative statics and its global counterpart. Many economists vaguely believe that it is possible to obtain a global result by applying consecutively a series of local results. This belief is not well founded in models where parameters enter in a not-so-simple way. An example is given to show that local analysis is after all local. In the proof of the first main theorem, a consecutive use of a well known local result is employed. Some necessary assumptions are explicitly stated. Then this theorem is applied to establish another main theorem in which a simple repetitive application of local analysis may break down because some required properties cease to hold. This two-stage approach seems to be useful in tackling with other types of equations. As an application of our theorems, a general equilibrium model with Hicksian imperfect stability is taken up. A comparative statics result due to Hicks is extended to the case of global changes. An interesting point to note is that when dealing with global comparative statics, the old system plays no explicit role. Only the new system matters together with the new and old equilibrium values. Understanding this point is important when we come to consider such real situations as involve technical changes in which new processes as well as new commodities turn up. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-12-10 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 79 |
| End Page | 85 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129908 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41595 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_029_2_119_132.pdf |
| Author | Fujimoto, Takao| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-09-05 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 119 |
| End Page | 132 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129896 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41593 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_029_2_061_084.pdf |
| Author | Yamamoto, Kiyoshi| |
| Abstract | The new public mangement (NPM) has now been in fashion in many developed countries. The change from cash accounting to accrual accounting is considered an important tool in NPM. The New Zealand Government and the executive agencies in the UK transfered to accrual based budgeting and accounting, while the member countries of EU and the US Government control the expenditures in cash based. This paper aims to explain why the different approaches are adopted in public sector reforms in terms of comparative institutional analysis. Firstly, a multiprincipal and agent model, which expands the contingency model in accounting reforms into the arena of management reforms, is presented. By using the model, the reforms in the Japanese local governments are examined and their possible reforming scenarios are indicated; the reforms have the possibility of improving accountability and efficiency when NPM would be integrated with Planning, Programming and Budgeting System. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-09-05 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 61 |
| End Page | 84 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129897 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41592 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Chinese Society Observed through Popular Jingles in the Transitional Period from Deng Xiaoping to Jiang Zemin |
| FullText URL | oer_029_2_025_060.pdf |
| Author | Oka, Masumi| |
| Abstract | In my previous works I tried to analyze the various phases of the Chinese society through six hundred popular jingles or "min-yao" under the regime of Deng Xiaoping, and also made it clear that the unprecedented boom of popular jingles was caused by the expantion of social contradictions and partial lifting of the prohibition ofjingles critical of the regime. Deng Xiaoping died in February 1997 after two and half years of his 'complete retirement' from the political world in September 1994. It is understood that this is the very period when Jiang Zemin carried out the succession of power from him. In the present study, I clarify social phenomena seen through forty-two jingles in this transitional period. They indicate that China has a deepening tendency of corruption not only among aristocratic communists but also in the whole society. The sensational suicide of Wang Baosen, an ex-deputy mayor of Beijing, shows us that corruption prevails among top leaders of the country as well. This study also reveals that morality on sex has deteriorated on the nationwide scale during these years. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-09-05 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 25 |
| End Page | 60 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129898 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41591 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | On Mimicking as a Sequential Policy Implementation |
| FullText URL | oer_029_2_001_023.pdf |
| Author | Fujimoto, Toshimi| |
| Abstract | The basic structure and functions of the so-called "mimicking" regime of macroeconomic policy-making are investigated here by using a simple one-instrument (money supply)-and-two-targets (inflation and employment) policy model composed of aggregate Lucas-type supply and ordinary demand functions in such a framework of 2-period sequential equilibrium analysis as Persson and Tabellini used, with a seemingly minor but consequently important change in one of the assumptions Persson and Tabellini posited. The assumption is the one concerned with the tough-type government's trade-off between the two targets, and the change is shown to result in a more economically interpretable criterion by which the weak-type can choose between pooling equilibrium with mimicking and separating one without it. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-09-05 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 1 |
| End Page | 23 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129901 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41588 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_029_1_105_110.pdf |
| Author | Fujimoto, Takao| |
| Abstract | The purpose of this note is to present a proposition on a sort of duality relation concerning systems of nonlinear inequalities. A useful theorem due to A.W. Tucker(1956) on duality relations valid for systems of linear inequalities was partially generalized to systems of nonlinear inequalities in Fujimoto(1980), in which a given vector-valued mapping is assumed to be either pseudoconcave or homogeneous of a positive degree. Another partial extension of Tucker's result is made in Fujimoto-Ranade(1995), where the concavity of a given mapping is required. The assumption of concavity seems too strong in a model with externalities and variable returns, and so in this note a weaker assumption of pseudoconcavity is restored with an additional requirement. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-06-05 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 105 |
| End Page | 110 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129875 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41587 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Some Points of Issue on Decentralization |
| FullText URL | oer_029_1_077_104.pdf |
| Author | Sakamoto, Chuji| |
| Abstract | This paper treats some points of issue on decentralization in governmental fiscal relations of Japan. In my last paper, I studied the interim report of the decentralization promoting committee which was published in March, 1996. On the 20th of December, 1996, the first report of this comittee appeared, and some concrete plans to classifY Kikanininjimu into 'jichi-jimu' and 'h6teijutaku-jimu' were proposed by this committee. In this paper, we investigate whether these plans of classification are proper or not. We also discuss the recent policy of communal unification proposed by a group of citizens, and point out some questions from the viewpoint of local autonomy and of decentralization. We admit the significance of this first report of the committee, and yet we have to emphasize again that the task of decentralization depends heavily on the reform to strengthen communal financial position. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-06-05 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 77 |
| End Page | 104 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129874 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41586 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | A Comparison of part-time workers between Japan and Germany 1990 |
| FullText URL | oer_029_1_047_076.pdf |
| Author | Wakisaka, Akira| |
| Abstract | A comparison of part-time workers between Japan and Germany using comparable data 1990 shows that 1) German female part-time workers have long-tenured, 2) that tenure effect of German part-timers on wage and salaries is great, 3) that pay gap between female full-timers and part-timers in Germany is trivial, 4) that re-entry in labour markets as part-time workers after breaking periods has an adverse impact on their earnings, but the extent of adverse impacts in Germany is less than that of Japan. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-06-05 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 47 |
| End Page | 76 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129873 |
