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Author 岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センター|
Published Date 2006-12-01
Publication Title 岡山大学農学部センター報告
Volume volume28
Content Type Others
JaLCDOI 10.18926/fest/11636
FullText URL 001_181_192.pdf
Author Fujii, Hiroaki| Narita, Mutsuya| Cheng Chin Thai| Shimada, Kiyoshi| Nishimura, Shinichi| Ofori Emanual|
Abstract This paper describes the prediction of seepage in the impervious zones of six embankment dams by seepage analysis. In addition, by making use of the available monitored pore water pressure data of the first filling of reservoir, back analysis was carried out to estimate the best fit seepage parameters. The estimated parameters were used for further prediction of pore water pressures in subsequent monitored durations with reasonable accuracy. The accuracy of prediction was evaluated quantitatively by the prediction difference and error index. The results show that the error indices in the upstream sides of the impervious zones are smaller than those in the downstream sides.
Keywords Unsaturated soils fill dams pore water pressure back analysis FEM
Publication Title 岡山大学環境理工学部研究報告
Published Date 1996-03
Volume volume1
Issue issue1
Start Page 181
End Page 192
ISSN 1341-9099
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002313591
JaLCDOI 10.18926/fest/11635
FullText URL 001_169_179.pdf
Author Abenney-Mickson Stephen| Miura, Takeshi|
Abstract The SWAP93 model was used to predict how much capillary rise would occur in cropped fields. The experimental fields were located in a humid climate and it was thought that contribution from groundwater sources to total water use could be significant. In one field planted with soybean, the model predicted an average daily uptake of 1.3 mm; in another field planted with pumpkin, there was average daily uptake of 0.3 mm; and yet in a third field located in a vinyl house there was average daily uptake of 0.03 mm. These predictions represent about 38,7 and 1% contribution to total water use respectively. Even though there were no measured data to compare with, the results lie within the range of other works reported in the literature.
Keywords Crop water use capillary rise SWAP93 model groundwater
Publication Title 岡山大学環境理工学部研究報告
Published Date 1996-03
Volume volume1
Issue issue1
Start Page 169
End Page 179
ISSN 1341-9099
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002313364
Author Kubota, Naohiro|
Published Date 2006-12-01
Publication Title 岡山大学農学部センター報告
Volume volume28
Content Type Others
JaLCDOI 10.18926/fest/11630
Title Alternative Process of Acid Sulfate Soil Formation from the Viewpoint of Moisture Conditions on Coastal Muddy Soil and a trial of it's Amelioration
FullText URL 001_135_141.pdf
Author Adachi, Tadashi|
Abstract According to recent soil survey data, it has been reported that acid sulfate soils cover areas of about 11,670,000 hectares all over the world and about 40% of those are in South-East Asia. Most of crops could not be grown on those areas without any amelioration due to low soil pH. This report consists of two parts. One is on acid sulfate soil formation in laboratory experiment. Another is on a trial of acid sulfate soil amelioration in field experiment. The results obtained on acid sulfate soil formation, in order to make clear the relationships between the process of oxidation of sulfur compounds and the moisture conditions (moisture suction) in coastal muddy soils, in laboratory experiment are summarized as follows; The concentration of sulfuric ions increase as oxidation of sulfur compounds contained in pyrite, etc. occurs, and as a consequence, the soil pH decreases in the coastal muddy soil (Fig.1). Especially, the soil pH decreased remarkably in the range of pF 2.3~3.4. The activity of soil microorganism takes part in this reaction by helping out with bringing about sulfur oxidation and formation of sulfuric ions. The pH decrease in the soil with autoclaved treatment was only slight at pF values lower than pF 3.0. Accordingly, it is concluded that the decrease of pH in coastal muddy soil occurred mainly due to soil microorganisms which oxidize sulfur compounds under the condition of higher-water than pF 3.0. The results of field experiment is summarized as follows; As a general rule, it is able to remedy the surface acidification of peat/acid sulfate soils by mixing lime dust with plough layer. However, the effect of mixed lime dust is easily disappeared in the area where the acidic ground water table is always high and moves up over the surface in rainy season. Therefore, it was carried out that several experiments for seeking protection against surface acidification due to capillary upward movement of acidic ground water by means of inserting a buffering layer of lime gravel (thickness of lime gravel layer =5㎝) between the top soil and the acidic subsoil (20 ㎝ depth) in the fields, Munoh series which is young acid sulfate soil, at the Narathiwat Land Development Center in South Thailand. The results of soil pH measurement carried out in the field in November of 1985, August of 1987 and September of 1990, it coincides with 2,4 and 7 years respectively after the beginning of the experiments, are shown in Table 3. In the plot of P2 and U1, application of lime dust to the plough layer can increase soil pH rapidly but it's residual effect is not so long. Within a 5 year period, the soil pH is likely to return to below 4. On the other hand, an underlaid lime gravel layer tends to improve the soil around the lime gravel only slight but steadily with time. Therefore, it is concluded that surface soil acidification caused by the upward movement of acidified ground water would be protected against, rapidly and continuously, by both mixing lime dust with plough layer and underlying lime gravel below plough layer. If acid sulfate soil areas would be used as upland fields, much of organic matters in soil are easily decomposed by drying. Therefore, it is suggested that it would be better for these areas to be used as paddy fields, also from the above results.
Keywords Acid sulfate soil Soil microorganisms Moisture conditions Amelioration pH Sustainable effect
Publication Title 岡山大学環境理工学部研究報告
Published Date 1996-03
Volume volume1
Issue issue1
Start Page 135
End Page 141
ISSN 1341-9099
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 120002313380
JaLCDOI 10.18926/fest/11628
Title Alternative Secular changes of air temperature and precipitation in Okayama City.
FullText URL 001_163_168.pdf
Author Miura, Takeshi|
Abstract In this paper, secular changes of air temperature and the amount of precipitation in Okayama city are discussed using observed values at Okayama meteorologiccal station. Special reference is made to 1993 and 1994 in which peculiar changes occurred. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) The increasing rate of the annual mean air temperature at Okayama city is 0.85℃/100y. This value is nearly equal to the average of Japan; 0.87℃/100y. (2) The increasing rate indicates seasonal changes, and the rate is high especially in April and May. (3) The rapid increase of the air temperature in the 1980s is due to removal of Okayama meteorological station from the edge of town to the center. (4) The annual mean air temperature in 1994 is 16.9℃, and the monthly mean temperature for July and August are 29.8 and 29.6℃ respectively. These values are new records at the Okayama station. (5) The air temperature in July and August, 1993 are higher than in 1980 when it was much colder in the summer. (6) The amount of precipitation does not show any secular changes.
Keywords the air temperature secular changes Okayama city
Publication Title 岡山大学環境理工学部研究報告
Published Date 1996-03
Volume volume1
Issue issue1
Start Page 163
End Page 168
ISSN 1341-9099
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002313505
JaLCDOI 10.18926/fest/11626
FullText URL 001_151_162.pdf
Author Ndegwa George Maina| Yomota, Atsushi|
Abstract Actual irrigation situation in a typical upland irrigation district was estimated by the water balance method during the 1993 rainy and the 1994 dry year periods. Soil moisture conditions were analysed for cases where daily district water use was supplied to all the cropped upland farms, and to reduced irrigation area percentages. Consumptive use was obtained through monthly weighted crop coefficients used to reduce penman's potential evapotranspiration. The moisture budget was examined at three levels of total readily available moisture, TRAM, i.e., 20,30 and 40 mm; the effect of upward capillary rise was also considered. The results of this study indicated that the actual moisture conditions in upland irrigated farms is influenced by irrigation area, cropping pattern, stage of crop growth and upward capillary rise in the farms. Actual irrigated area was within the range of about 44 to 100% of cropped area while upward capillary rise was between 0.1 and 1 mm day-1, TRAM level of 30 to 40 mm was considered most appropriate for the district. Monthly effective rainfall percentages from the water balance method were fairly close to that determined by the basic irrigation requirement method for some months. Basic irrigation requirement may therefore be considered to incorporate capillary water contribution.
Keywords Upland irrigation TRAM Water balance Capillary water Effective rainfall
Publication Title 岡山大学環境理工学部研究報告
Published Date 1996-03
Volume volume1
Issue issue1
Start Page 151
End Page 162
ISSN 1341-9099
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002313861
JaLCDOI 10.18926/11625
Title Alternative Spa therapy for chronic respiratory diseases - in subjects admitted in 1989. -
FullText URL 061_007_015.pdf
Author Tanizaki, Yoshiro| Sudo, Michiyasu| Kitani, Hikaru| Kawauchi, Kazuhisa| Mifune, Takashi| Tada, Shinya| Takahashi, Kiyoshi| Kimura, Ikuro|
Abstract 1989年1月より12月までの1年間に当院へ入院した慢性呼吸器疾患患者85例(延べ90例)を対象に,その背景因子,臨床的特徴,および温泉療法の臨床効果について検討を加えた。(1)対象85例のうちわけは,気管支喘息65例,肺気腫4例,肺結核症4例,アレルギー性肉芽腫性血管炎3例,閉塞性細気管支炎3例,気管支拡張症2例,慢性気管支炎2例,過敏性肺臓炎2例であり,昨年度と異なり肺結核がやや多かったことが特徴的であった。(2)これら85症例のうち,温泉療法を受けた症例は63例(74.1%)であった。(3)温泉療 法を受けた症例の地域分布では,鳥取県からの入院症例51例では32例(62.7%)であり,同様に岡山県からの入院症例20例では19例(95.0%),その他の県からの入院症例14例で12例(85.7%)であった。4.温泉療法の臨床効果は,気管支喘息では51例中著効14例,有効27例,やや有効8例,無効2例であり,明らかな有効例は41例(80.3%)であった。
Keywords 気管支喘息 (Bronchial asthma) 閉塞性細気管支炎 (Obstructive bronchiolitis) 慢性気管支炎 (Chronic bronchitis) 血清コーチゾール値 (Serum cortisol level) 温泉療法 (Spa therapy)
Publication Title 環境病態研報告
Published Date 1990-09
Volume volume61
Start Page 7
End Page 15
ISSN 0913-3771
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 120002313875
JaLCDOI 10.18926/fest/11624
FullText URL 002_169_174.pdf
Author Ogino, Masaru|
Abstract In the 1980s there appeared two books about the Victorian attitude towards the ancient Greeks, or about how the Victorians felt about incorporated the ancient Greek culture. The two books are Richard Jenkyn, The Victorians and Ancient Greece (Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1980) and Frank M. Turner, The Greek Heritage in Victorian Britain (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984). Although they deal with the same subject, their approaches toward the subject are quite different from each other. In this paper, I will pick up two themes from each book-- "Greek Gods and Mythology" and "Plato and his Philosophy" --and see the difference in their approaches.
Publication Title 岡山大学環境理工学部研究報告
Published Date 1997-01-10
Volume volume2
Issue issue1
Start Page 169
End Page 174
ISSN 1341-9099
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002314024
JaLCDOI 10.18926/fest/11623
Title Alternative Rain-water Retention of a Small-scale Upland Field in a Rainy Year and a Droughty Year
FullText URL 001_143_149.pdf
Author Yomota, Atsushi|
Abstract From the standpoint of water resources development and environmental preservation, rain water retentivity of agricultural and forest lands are evaluated. Measurement of rainfall and runoff has been carried out at the reclaimed upland field of 4.55 ha since 1981. In this article, water retention characteristics of this study basin is compared in a rainy year of 1993 and a droughty year of 1994. In cases of rainfall less than 20mm, most of the rain water infiltrates into the soil layer. On the other hand, about 75% of a heavy rain, such as 300 mm in 1993, runs off the soil surface. Within the infiltrating rain water, the ratio of water which is kept by capillary action and can be used by crops is estimated to be less than 40% in months of rainfall more than 150 mm, but in months of rainfall less than 50 mm, it is estimated that more than 80% of rainfall can be used by crops. The ratio of monthly rainfall which contributes to base flow recharge is 0 to 12% regardless of rainfall amount.
Keywords upland field monthly rainfall rain water retention effective rainfall base flow recharge
Publication Title 岡山大学環境理工学部研究報告
Published Date 1996-03
Volume volume1
Issue issue1
Start Page 143
End Page 149
ISSN 1341-9099
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 120002313677
JaLCDOI 10.18926/fest/11622
FullText URL 001_121_133.pdf
Author Maeno, Shiro| Yamamoto, Tetsuo| Nago, Hiroshi|
Abstract In this paper the theoretical procedure to analyze the dynamic behavior of highly saturated sand bed around a cylindrical block under the cyclic loading of water pressure is developed. The fundamental equations were derived for the axially symmetric coordinates. Then, the finite element equations were developed to solve these fundamental equations numerically. Finally, the numerical method was verified by experiments.
Publication Title 岡山大学環境理工学部研究報告
Published Date 1996-03
Volume volume1
Issue issue1
Start Page 121
End Page 133
ISSN 1341-9099
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002313416
JaLCDOI 10.18926/fest/11621
Title Alternative On the Role of Subjunctive Mood in Hardy's "Had You Wept": In Comparison with a Poem of Bécquer
FullText URL 002_163_167.pdf
Author Kanzaki, Ken-ichi|
Publication Title 岡山大学環境理工学部研究報告
Published Date 1997-01-10
Volume volume2
Issue issue1
Start Page 163
End Page 167
ISSN 1341-9099
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 120002314014
JaLCDOI 10.18926/fest/11620
Title Alternative Vonnegut's Brain Computer Laying stress on Galápagos and Hocus Pocus
FullText URL 002_145_161.pdf
Author Morokawa, Shigetake|
Abstract As Kurt Vonnegut (1922--) has written his novels to give warnings about the growing danger of society, in the case of valuation, it is very important to understand what happened in his time and how his works resulted from a historic background. In the late of 1970's and 80's, society underwent a few big changes, for example, signs of communism collapse on a line of the Soviet Union's perestoroika, Japanese rapid economic growth, the unbalanced world economy by the heavy fall in stock prices in America and, in the field of science, the progress of computer technology in the use of a semiconductor instead of a vacuum tube. The mentioned above data were input into Vonnegut's Brain Computer. As a result, Galápagos was publishied in 1985, Hocus Pocus in 1990. In this paper, I analyzes Vonnegut's works from such a point of view, laying stress on Galápagos and Hocus Pocus.
Publication Title 岡山大学環境理工学部研究報告
Published Date 1997-01-10
Volume volume2
Issue issue1
Start Page 145
End Page 161
ISSN 1341-9099
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 120002313892
JaLCDOI 10.18926/fest/11619
FullText URL 001_115_119.pdf
Author Takeshita, Yuji| Kono, Iichiro|
Abstract The unsaturated soil hydraulic properties are essential data to predict the seepage behavior in the vadose zone. In this paper, a new experimental methodology of determining unsaturated soil hydraulic properties is proposed. The soil hydraulic properties are assumed to be represented by van Genuchten's closed-form expressions. Unknown parameters of this model are identified by using a optimization techniques. The optimization approach is nonlinear least-squares algorithm in corporating finite element analysis of one-dimensional nonsteady seepage flow. The advantages of the methods are in the possibility of identifying the optimal unsaturated soil hydraulic properties and diminishing experimental time. To evaluate availability of our proposed method, experimental results which are determined by proposed methods and conventional method are compared for decomposed granite soil.
Keywords unsaturated hydraulic properties back analysis laboratory test groundwater
Publication Title 岡山大学環境理工学部研究報告
Published Date 1996-03
Volume volume1
Issue issue1
Start Page 115
End Page 119
ISSN 1341-9099
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002313807
JaLCDOI 10.18926/fest/11618
Title Alternative Transport Policy in United Kingdom -Concept and Practice for Better Transport Environment
FullText URL 001_091_113.pdf
Author Inouye, Hiroshi|
Abstract The movement of transport policy in United Kingdom and its problems are surveyed in this paper. First, the general trend in transport, road program, and technologies to improve road safety and environment are introduced. Then, concepts to decrease traffic congestion are outlined, followed parking control strategies. Recent issues such as road pricing scheme in London, M25 widening plan, also deregulation and privatisation of transport and their problems are examined.
Publication Title 岡山大学環境理工学部研究報告
Published Date 1996-03
Volume volume1
Issue issue1
Start Page 91
End Page 113
ISSN 1341-9099
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 120002314020
JaLCDOI 10.18926/fest/11617
Title Alternative Synthesis of Polythiophen Cluster in Lattice Space of Hexagonal Faujasite
FullText URL 002_137_143.pdf
Author Miyake, Michihiro| Matsuda, Motohide| Yagi, Katsuhito| Uehara, Hirofumi| Sato, Mitsuo|
Abstract Encapsulation of thiophen and bithiophen in two kinds of hexagonal faujasites (Na-EMT and H-EMT) with various concentration of Cu(2+) ions have been investigated and characterized by means of themoanalytic and spectroscopic methods. From the results, it was found that the progress of polymerization of thiophen and bithiophen in the lattice space depended on Cu(2+) contents, and the encapsulation of thiophen in Na-EMT and H-EMT with Cu(2+) ions yielded polythiophen clusters with electron states of bipolaron. On the other hand, polythiophen clusters synthesized by the encapsulation of bithiophen in H-EMT were found to be mostly polaron states.
Keywords encapsulation cluster host-guest reaction hexagonal faujasite polythiophen
Publication Title 岡山大学環境理工学部研究報告
Published Date 1997-01-10
Volume volume2
Issue issue1
Start Page 137
End Page 143
ISSN 1341-9099
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 120002313756
JaLCDOI 10.18926/fest/11616
Title Alternative Corrosion Behavior of Silica Glass in High-Pressure Water Vapor at 300℃
FullText URL 002_131_135.pdf
Author Oda, Kohei| Takata, Katsumi| Yoshio, Tetsuo|
Abstract Corrosion behavior of silica glass was investigated in high-pressure water vapor and water at 300℃. A linear weight loss in water vapor and a parabolic weight loss in water were observed. The weight loss for the former was larger than that for the later. The fracture strength of the corroded silica glass increased with the content of molecular water in the glass. The strength reduction was observed for the corroded silica glass after dehydration at 400℃ for 1 day.
Keywords Autoclave FT-IR Fracture strength Hydrothermal treatment Dehydration
Publication Title 岡山大学環境理工学部研究報告
Published Date 1997-01-10
Volume volume2
Issue issue1
Start Page 131
End Page 135
ISSN 1341-9099
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 120002314038
JaLCDOI 10.18926/fest/11615
FullText URL 001_077_089.pdf
Author Okubo, Kenji| Morikawa, Hiroshi| Kimoto, Takashi| Tanaka, Yuji|
Abstract Thermal 'staircase', a layer of constant temperature between the sheets of the steep gradients, was formed in the seasonal thermocline, which was 2.5 m above the bottom at a point of 18 m deep on the boundary slope in Lake Biwa. Following a sediment resuspension event when a moderate onshore wind blew, bed materials should be suspended up to the thermocline, then settled down forming a staircase above the turbid intrusion. Comparing the observed downward hear flux with the settling flux of sediment, it was found that double-diffusive convection would play an important role on the formation of the whole structure consisting of the staircase and turbid intrusion along with chemical anomalies and dense population of phytoplankters, which were fed by nutrients supplied from the bottom sediment under a typical condition of drought. Laboratory experiments were conducted to demonstrate the thermal and sediment processes in the stratified lake. Resuspension process due to surface and internal waves was examined using a tank with a sloping bottom, while the settling process was investigated by using a deep, diffusive tank. Formative process and scales of the staircase and intrusion were discussed relating with the intensity of resuspension and the buoyancy fluxes.
Publication Title 岡山大学環境理工学部研究報告
Published Date 1996-03
Volume volume1
Issue issue1
Start Page 77
End Page 89
ISSN 1341-9099
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002313571
JaLCDOI 10.18926/fest/11614
Title Alternative Preparation and Properties of ZnO Transparent Conductive Thin Films by Activated Reactive Evaporation Method
FullText URL 002_121_129.pdf
Author Fujiwara, Takashi| Fujii, Tatsuo| Nanba, Tokuro| Takada, Jun| Miura, Yoshinari|
Abstract Zinc oxide films were prepared on silica glass substrates by the use of an r.f. activated reactive evaporation (ARE) method, and were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electrical conductivity of the films and the doping effect of Al ions were also investigated. XRD measurements indicate that the films were c-axis oriented and that an r.f. plasma of Zn and O was necessary for the ZnO film deposition. Substrate temperature, oxygen gas pressure, evaporation rate, r.f. power and Al doping amount affect the c-axis orientation, the growth rate, the microstructure of the films and electrical conductivity. Optimum conditions with a fine texture of the surface and having good ctystallinity as well as good conductivity (≒10(-4)Ω・cm) were as follows : the substrate temperature; 200℃, the total evaporation rate; 1.0Å/s, the oxygen pressure; 2.0×10(-4) Torr, the r.f. power; 250W and the Al evaporation rare ratio; 2~6%. The films with 1.0×10(-3)Ω・cm were prepared at 50℃ for the substrate temperature.
Keywords ZnO film Al doped ZnO transparent conductive film r.f. activated reactive evaporation method
Publication Title 岡山大学環境理工学部研究報告
Published Date 1997-01-10
Volume volume2
Issue issue1
Start Page 121
End Page 129
ISSN 1341-9099
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 120002313550
JaLCDOI 10.18926/fest/11613
FullText URL 001_055_064.pdf
Author Watanabe, Masaji|
Abstract We analyze some mathematical problems that arise in studies of phenomena observed in the cardiac action. We illustrate a method to characterize the response of a nonlinear oscillator to an external forcing, and introduce some numerical results. We also introduce some results of numerical computation in an example of a coupled system of an excitable system and a nonlinear oscillator.
Keywords periodic forcing nonlinear oscillators excitable systems couples systems.
Publication Title 岡山大学環境理工学部研究報告
Published Date 1996-03
Volume volume1
Issue issue1
Start Page 55
End Page 64
ISSN 1341-9099
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002313699