Primary angiosarcoma of the breast: a literature review

Background and Objective: Primary angiosarcoma of the breast (PBA) is an extremely rare and heterogeneous disease. PBA is difficult to diagnose and has a poor prognosis. In order to better understand the disease and provide evidence-based treatment for PBA patients, a review of the published literature in the English language was conducted.
Methods: A literature review in agreement with the PRISMA protocol was conducted. Medline and Cochrane databases were searched for English articles on PBA patients in September 2023 with a predetermined strategy. The articles were categorized and assessed based on hierarchical levels of scientific evidence.
Key Content and Findings: A total of 255 articles were identified, among these 137 publications which included 1,888 patients met the criteria for inclusion in the final analysis. No prospective, randomized trials exclusive to PBA have been recognized. This article provides an overview of the most current and comprehensive evidence concerning the epidemiology, etiology, genomic features, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of PBA.
Conclusions: Despite the fact that current evidence is largely derived from retrospective studies, database analyses, and case reports, we utilized this information to tackle important clinical questions concerning optimal patient management practices for PBA. Complete surgical excision continues to be the mainstay treatment for PBA. However, the effectiveness of adjuvant therapies is still unclear. This narrative review highlights the urgent need for more rigorously designed research to enhance the management and treatment strategies for PBA.