| Title Alternative | Varietal Variation and Effects of Some Major Genes on Salt Tolerance in Barley Seedlins |
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| FullText URL | 003_001_071_081.pdf |
| Author | Mano, Yoshiro| Takeda, Kazuyoshi| |
| Abstract | In order to select the salt tolerant cultivars, and to evaluate the effects of some major genes on salt tolerance in barley, 5,182 varieties and 368 isogenic lines were tested by exposing to 1.0 and 0.5M sodium chloride at the seedling stage. The average rating of salt tolerance was higher in varieties from Korea and Japan , but lower in varieties from Nepal and Southwest Asia. When the varieties were grouped by several morphological characters, six-rowed, covered, E type of nonbrittle rachis and uzu type groups were more tolerant than two-rowed, naked, W type and non-uzu type counterparts, respectively. A comparison between the isogenic pairs revealed that the uzu type was more tolerant than non-uzu type, but other major gene pairs did not show any obvious differences. These findings indicate that the uz gene affects the salt tolerance, and diferences between varietal groups characterized by other major genes are due to the difference in the genetic background among these varieties. |
| Keywords | Barley Seedling Salt tolerance Screening Isogenic line |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1995 |
| Volume | volume3 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 71 |
| End Page | 81 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Diallel Analysis of 1,000-grain Weight in Two-rowed Barley Varieties |
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| FullText URL | 003_001_063_070.pdf |
| Author | Wu, Jiri| Takeda, Kazuyoshi| |
| Abstract | The inheritance of 1,000-grain weight of two-rowed barley varieties was examined using a reciprocal F1 cross and a half F2 diallel cross among eight parents. The F1 generation was examined in five different ripening conditions i.e., (Ⅰ) control, (Ⅱ) leaf cut, in which all leaves were cut at the heading time, (Ⅲ) Spikelet thinned, in which a quarter of the spikelets were thinned at the heading time, (Ⅳ) dry, in which the plants were grown in a vinyl-film house without irrigation, and (Ⅴ) wet, in which the plants were mist-irrigated every two house in the daytime after the heading to the harvest. The experiment was repeated twice. The F2 populations were grown in the ordinary condition. The average 1,000-grain weight was largest in the dry plot followed by spikelet thinned, control, leaf cut, and wet plots. The 1,000-grain weight was predominantly controlled by the additive genes. The dominance effect was also significant. The large grain weight was controlled by the overdominant genes. Epistasis among the genes controlling the 1,000-grain weight was significant, but the maternal effect was absent. In the F1 diallel, heritability was 0.3~0.6 and 0.2~0.5 in a broad and a narrow sense, respectively. In the F2 diallel, it was 0.9 and 0.6 in a broad and a narrow sense, respectively. In each of the 28 F2 populations, the broad sense heritability was estimated as 0.3~0.8. |
| Keywords | Barley Grain size Diallel analysis |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1995 |
| Volume | volume3 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 63 |
| End Page | 70 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Comparison between shoot Regeneration Ability in Calli Derived from Immature Embryos of Wild and Cultivated Barley |
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| FullText URL | 003_001_055_062.pdf |
| Author | Rikiishi, Kazuhide| Takeda, Kazuyoshi| Yasuda, Shozo| |
| Abstract | The variation in shoot regeneration obility of calli derived from immature embryos was examined in 95 wild strains, 82 of which were of Hordeum spontaneum and 13 of which were H. agriocrithon, and 87 cultivated varieties collected from various countries or regions of the world. In 85 strains of the wild species, a number of calli regenerated shoots, and their proportion ranged from 1.2% to 75.7%. The average percentage of shoot regenerating calli was 21.7% among the strains that formed calli, 11.5% of which regenerated green and 10.2% albino shoots. On average, 21.4% and 23.9% calli regenerated shoots in H. spontaneum and H. agriocrithon, respectively and there was no significant difference between these values. A significant difference in the percentage of shoot regenerating calli was found among six variants (dawense, ishnatherum, laguncliforme, paradoxon, proskowetzii, spontaneum) which were comprised in H. spontaneum. In 73 varieties of cultivated species, there were shoots regenerating calli likely to wild species, and their proportion ranged from 3.2% to 85.5%. The average percentage of shoot regenerating calli was 25.4%, 22.0% of which regenerated green and 3.4% of which regenerated albino shoots. There was a significant difference in percentage of green shoots regenerating calli against shoots regenerating ones between the wild (53.0%) and cultivated species 886.6%). The two kinds of non-brittle rachis genotypes, Bt bt2 and bt Bt2 are one of the key characters distinguishing the oriental and occidental types of cultivated barley. The average percentages of shoot regenerating calli were 16.2% and 32.3% for the genotypes Bt bt2 and bt Bt2, respectively, suggesting that there is a geographical variation in the shoot regeneration ability of calli in the cultivated species. By contrast, the oriental and occidental strains of wild species showed no difference in the shoot regeneration ability of calli. The geographical variation of shoot regeneration ability differed significantly between wild and cultivated species. This suggests that the geographical variation of shoot regeneration ability occurred after the cultivation of the barley was established. |
| Keywords | Hordeum spontaneum Hordeum agriocrithon Tissue culture Geographical variation Shoot regeneration ability |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1995 |
| Volume | volume3 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 55 |
| End Page | 62 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | 大麦網斑病抵抗性の選抜効果 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 003_001_043_053.pdf |
| Author | Sato, Kazuhiro| Takeda, Kazuyoshi| |
| Abstract | Selection effectiveness for the resistance to net blotch was estimated by using two sets of F2 and F3 populations derived from the crosses between resistant and susceptible parents. In every F2 and F3 population, disease ratings showed a continuous distribution. As many F3 lines with intermediate resistance had a smaller variance and homozygous genotype, the resistance might be controlled by a few genes. The heritabilities of the disease rating were estimated by correlation coefficients and regression coefficients between each F2 plant and the descended F3 lines. Another estimate for heritability was calculated by the selection differential in the F2 plants and genetic gain in the F3 lines. Despite the different level of resistance in the resistant parents of the two crosses, the three kinds of heritabilities estimated were similar and ranged from 0.6 to 0.8. Because of the fewer number of genes controlling the disease resistance and the higher heritabilities, selection in a early generation may be effective for net blotch resistance in barlcy. |
| Keywords | Net blotch Pyrenophora teres Selection Barley Disease resistance |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1995 |
| Volume | volume3 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 43 |
| End Page | 53 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120004537480 |
| Title Alternative | ダイズ種子の冠水抵抗性の品種間差とダイアレル分析 |
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| FullText URL | 003_001_035_041.pdf |
| Author | Hou, Fwu-Fenn| Thseng, Fu-Sheng| Wu, Shu-Tu| Takeda, Kazuyoshi| |
| Abstract | Seven hundred and thirty varieties of soybean from different sources were evaluated for seed flooding tolerance by the seed germination test after a 4-day soaking at 25℃. The inheritance of seed flooding tolerance was also analyzed with a 6 x diallel cross. A large variation in seed flooding tolerance existed in the soybean germplasm as reflected in the germination rate which ranged from 0 to 100%. Most of the varieties tested were sensitive to seed flooding, and only 4% of the tested varieties showed a high tolerance (germination rate >90%). Seed flooding tolerance was controlled by both additive and dominance genes and a small number of effective factors and high narrow sense heritability in diallel analysis indicate that the selection for tolerance can effectively be done in early generations. |
| Keywords | Glycine max Seed flooding tolerance Diallel analysis Germination Varietal difference |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1995 |
| Volume | volume3 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 35 |
| End Page | 41 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Sorghum Resistance to the Sugarcane Aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntenr) Amounts of Surface Wax and Nutritional Components |
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| FullText URL | 003_001_027_034.pdf |
| Author | Tsumuki, Hisaaki| Kanehisa, Katsuo| Moharramipour, Saeid| |
| Abstract | The differences in the amounts of leaf surface wax and nutritional components such as sugar and free amino acids were compared among resistant (PE 954177), moderately resistant (IS 84) and susceptible (Redlan B) sorghum varieties to the sugarcane aphid. Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner). (1) The kind of aphid appearing on the leaves of the sorghum varieties was only the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari in the field. The number of aphids infesting a leaf was ca 0,30 and 3,500 in the resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible varieties at the middle of August, respectively. (2) The amount of leaf surface wax was approximately constant among these three varieties. (3) The total sugar content was slightly higher in the two resistant varieties than in the susceptible variety. (4) The total free amino acid concentration was higher in the two resistant varieties than in the susceptible variety. (5) These findings suggest that neither leaf surface wax nor nutritional components seem to affect the aphid populations on the leaves of the three sorghum varieties, showing that biogenic substances such as dhurrin, benzylalcohol, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, aconitic acide, etc. may affect the aphid populations. |
| Keywords | Sorghum Sugarcane aphid Melanaphis sacchari Leaf surface wax Amino acid |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1995 |
| Volume | volume3 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 27 |
| End Page | 34 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Quantitative Variations of a Resistance Substance, DIMBOA, against Aphids in Wheat Varieties. |
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| FullText URL | 003_001_017_026.pdf |
| Author | Kanehisa, Katsuo| Awan Rustamani, Maqsood| Cheng, Wen-Yi| Tsumuki, Hisaaki| Shiraga, Takashi| |
| Abstract | Aphids sometimes severely infest wheat plants, mainly sucking phloem sap and disrupting tissues, and in a few cases act as virus vectors. There are resistant and susceptible varieties of wheat against aphids. DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) is a substance causing resistance to animals including aphids. The change in the amounts of DIMBOA with growth in eight wheat varieties was estimated in 1990 and 1991. Wheat seeds were sown at mid-November in the former year and harvested in mid-June. Aphids appeared from early April, increased with the growth of the wheat, and finally decreased with the senescence of the wheat. Rhopalosiphum maidis appeared early in the season, R. padi appeared late, Schizaphis graminum and Sitovion akebiae appeared intermittently in the season. S. graminum appeared more frequently on wheat than barley. DIMBOA was detected from wheat but not from barley. Gramine (N,N-dimethyl-indole-3-methanamine) was detected from barley, and is known as an important resistance substance. However gramine could not be detected in wheat. DIMBOA was found in higher amounts in young wheat, and gradually decreased with growth. A clear relationship between the aphid population and DIMBOA amounts could not be observed. However, all the wheat varieties used in this experiment seemed to have resistance against aphids. The resistance was compared with barley susceptible lines. DIMBOA was presumed to share the property of resistance with aconitic acid in wheat. |
| Keywords | DIMBOA content Wheat Aphid Resistant varaity Susceptible variety |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1995 |
| Volume | volume3 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 17 |
| End Page | 26 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Reaction of the Resistant Gene ml-o to Various Barley Powdery Mildew Strains |
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| FullText URL | 003_001_011_016.pdf |
| Author | Heta, Hideo| Takeda, Kazuyoshi| |
| Abstract | Eight powdery mildew strains, four collected from the field and the other four derived from a cross between two strains, were inoculated to seven mutant barley lines having the ml-o gene for powdery mildew resistance and their original varieties of barley. These eight powdery mildew strains showed a distinctive reaction to the nine testers having various resistant genes. Onthe other hand, the original barley varieties showed a similar reaction to all the powdery mildew strains inoculated, indicating that the genetic background of these varieties was similar. In comparison with the ml-o mutants and their original varieties, the type of lesion did not change in most cases, but the number of lesions decreased significantly without exception. In conclusion, the powdery mildew resistant gene ml-o does not affect the type of lesions but it reduces the number of lesions. |
| Keywords | Powdery mildew resistance Barley ml-o gene Pathogenicity |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1995 |
| Volume | volume3 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 11 |
| End Page | 16 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Studies on Host Selection, Development and Reproduction of Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 003_001_005_010.pdf |
| Author | Kawada, Kazuo| |
| Abstract | The host selection, development and reproduction of sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) were studied. Both alate and apterous virginoparous adults showed a stronger tendency of preference to a susceptible strain of sorghum and Cuba grass, Sorghum helepense (Persoon) than a resistant strain of sorghum and Eulalia, Miscanthus sinensis (Anderss). The number of days for larval development was increased with a decrease in longevity and fecundity in aphids reared on resistant sorghum at 25℃ under a 16-hour photoperiodic condition. |
| Keywords | Sorghum Host selection Sugarcane aphids |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1995 |
| Volume | volume3 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 5 |
| End Page | 10 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
