start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=3 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=71 end-page=81 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=1995 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Varietal Variation and Effects of Some Major Genes on Salt Tolerance in Barley Seedlins kn-title=オオムギ幼植物の耐塩性における品種変異と各種主働遺伝子の効果 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=本研究では耐塩性品種を見出す目的で、世界各地のオオムギ5,182品種について幼植物の耐塩性の品種変異ならびにその地理的変異、および主要形質との関係を調査した。幼植物の耐塩性を地域別に比較すると、朝鮮半島および日本の品種が強く、ネパールと西南アジアの品種が弱い傾向にあった。次に、条性や皮裸性など、オオムギにおける主要形質と幼植物の耐塩性との関係を調べるために、5,182品種を主要形質に分けて耐塩性を比較した結果、六条品種は二条品種より、皮品種は裸品種より、小穂非脱落性のE型はW型より、日本と朝鮮半島に分布する六条の渦品種は、同地域の六条の並品種よりもそれぞれ耐塩性が有意に強かった。さらに、供試品種を条性、皮裸性および小穂非脱落性の3形質の組合せで8タイプに分類して幼植物耐塩性を比較したところ、皮裸性、小穂非脱落性が同じ場合、二条品種と六条品種の間では有意差がなく、また、皮裸性と小穂非脱落性の組合せによって耐塩性の強弱が逆転した。同質遺伝子系統を用いて幼植物の耐塩性を比較したところ、品種群でみられた条性、皮裸性の間における耐塩性の差異は、品種群の遺伝的背景の差異によるものとみられた、一方、並渦性でみられた耐塩性の差異は主働遺伝子の副次的効果によるものとみられた。 kn-abstract=In order to select the salt tolerant cultivars, and to evaluate the effects of some major genes on salt tolerance in barley, 5,182 varieties and 368 isogenic lines were tested by exposing to 1.0 and 0.5M sodium chloride at the seedling stage. The average rating of salt tolerance was higher in varieties from Korea and Japan , but lower in varieties from Nepal and Southwest Asia. When the varieties were grouped by several morphological characters, six-rowed, covered, E type of nonbrittle rachis and uzu type groups were more tolerant than two-rowed, naked, W type and non-uzu type counterparts, respectively. A comparison between the isogenic pairs revealed that the uzu type was more tolerant than non-uzu type, but other major gene pairs did not show any obvious differences. These findings indicate that the uz gene affects the salt tolerance, and diferences between varietal groups characterized by other major genes are due to the difference in the genetic background among these varieties. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ManoYoshiro en-aut-sei=Mano en-aut-mei=Yoshiro kn-aut-name=間野吉郎 kn-aut-sei=間野 kn-aut-mei=吉郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakedaKazuyoshi en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Kazuyoshi kn-aut-name=武田和義 kn-aut-sei=武田 kn-aut-mei=和義 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Barley kn-keyword=Barley en-keyword=Seedling kn-keyword=Seedling en-keyword=Salt tolerance kn-keyword=Salt tolerance en-keyword=Screening kn-keyword=Screening en-keyword=Isogenic line kn-keyword=Isogenic line END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=3 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=63 end-page=70 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=1995 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Diallel Analysis of 1,000-grain Weight in Two-rowed Barley Varieties kn-title=二条オオムギにおける千粒重のダイアレル遺伝分析 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=二条オオムギ8品種間の正逆ダイアレルF1および片面ダイアレルF2を供試して1,000粒重の遺伝分析を行った。1,000粒重は主として相加的な量的遺伝子に支配され、超優性およびエピスタシスが存在し、大粒の方向が優性で、F1ダイアレルにおける広義の遺伝率は一般に0.5〜0.6、狭義の遺伝率は0.3〜0.5、母性効果はないことなどが明らかにされた。F2ダイアレルにおける遺伝率は広義0.9、狭義0.6、28のF2集団における広義の遺伝率は0.3〜0.8であった。 kn-abstract=The inheritance of 1,000-grain weight of two-rowed barley varieties was examined using a reciprocal F1 cross and a half F2 diallel cross among eight parents. The F1 generation was examined in five different ripening conditions i.e., (T) control, (U) leaf cut, in which all leaves were cut at the heading time, (V) Spikelet thinned, in which a quarter of the spikelets were thinned at the heading time, (W) dry, in which the plants were grown in a vinyl-film house without irrigation, and (X) wet, in which the plants were mist-irrigated every two house in the daytime after the heading to the harvest. The experiment was repeated twice. The F2 populations were grown in the ordinary condition. The average 1,000-grain weight was largest in the dry plot followed by spikelet thinned, control, leaf cut, and wet plots. The 1,000-grain weight was predominantly controlled by the additive genes. The dominance effect was also significant. The large grain weight was controlled by the overdominant genes. Epistasis among the genes controlling the 1,000-grain weight was significant, but the maternal effect was absent. In the F1 diallel, heritability was 0.3~0.6 and 0.2~0.5 in a broad and a narrow sense, respectively. In the F2 diallel, it was 0.9 and 0.6 in a broad and a narrow sense, respectively. In each of the 28 F2 populations, the broad sense heritability was estimated as 0.3~0.8. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WuJiri en-aut-sei=Wu en-aut-mei=Jiri kn-aut-name=呉基日 kn-aut-sei=呉 kn-aut-mei=基日 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakedaKazuyoshi en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Kazuyoshi kn-aut-name=武田和義 kn-aut-sei=武田 kn-aut-mei=和義 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Barley kn-keyword=Barley en-keyword=Grain size kn-keyword=Grain size en-keyword=Diallel analysis kn-keyword=Diallel analysis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=3 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=55 end-page=62 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=1995 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Comparison between shoot Regeneration Ability in Calli Derived from Immature Embryos of Wild and Cultivated Barley kn-title=オオムギの近辺野生種と栽培種における未熟胚由来カルスからの再分化能の比較 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=本研究ではオオムギ近緑野生種Hordeum spontaneum82系統とH.agriocrithon13系統、計2種95系統および世界各地の栽培種87品種を供試して、未熟胚由来カルスからの不定芽再分化能を調査し、近緑野生種と栽培種における再分化能の品種変更およびその地理的分化を比較した。近緑野生種では95系統中94系統がカルスを形成し、そのうち85系統（90.4％）が不定芽を再分化して、不定芽再分化率は系統によって1.2％から75.7％まで幅広く変異した。カルスを形成した94系統における不定芽再分化率の平均値は21.7％、緑色不定芽再分化率は11.5％、アルビノ不定芽再分化率は10.2％であった。H.spontaneumとH.agriocrithonの不定芽再分化率の平均値はそれぞれ21.4％と23.9％で、有意差は認められなかった。しかし、H.spontaneumに含まれる6品種（dawense, ishnatherum, laguncliforme, paradoxon, proskowetzii, spontaneum）の間では不定芽再分化率に差異が認められた。栽培種では供試品種のすべてがカルスを形成し、そのうち73品種（83.7％）が不定芽を再分化して、不定芽再分化率は品種によって3.2％から85.5％まで幅広く変異した。供試品種全体の不定芽再分化率の平均値は25.4％、緑色不定芽再分化率は22.0％、アルビノ不定芽再分化率は3.4％であった。このように、不定芽再分化率に対する緑色不定芽再分化率の占める割合は栽培種で86.6％、近緑野生種で53.0％となり、両者に大きな差が認められた。供試した栽培種を小穂非脱落性に関する遺伝子型によって東亜地域に多く分布するBt bt2型と西域に多く分布するbt Bt2型に分けて不定芽再分化率を比較すると、Bt bt2型の平均値は16.2％、bt Bt2型の平均値は32.3％となり、bt Bt2型の不定芽再分化率が有意に高く、地理的分化が認められた。しかし、近緑野生種では不定芽再分化能の地域間差がみられないので、オオムギの祖先種が栽培化されてから不定芽再分化能の地理的分化が生じたものと考えられる。 kn-abstract=The variation in shoot regeneration obility of calli derived from immature embryos was examined in 95 wild strains, 82 of which were of Hordeum spontaneum and 13 of which were H. agriocrithon, and 87 cultivated varieties collected from various countries or regions of the world. In 85 strains of the wild species, a number of calli regenerated shoots, and their proportion ranged from 1.2% to 75.7%. The average percentage of shoot regenerating calli was 21.7% among the strains that formed calli, 11.5% of which regenerated green and 10.2% albino shoots. On average, 21.4% and 23.9% calli regenerated shoots in H. spontaneum and H. agriocrithon, respectively and there was no significant difference between these values. A significant difference in the percentage of shoot regenerating calli was found among six variants (dawense, ishnatherum, laguncliforme, paradoxon, proskowetzii, spontaneum) which were comprised in H. spontaneum. In 73 varieties of cultivated species, there were shoots regenerating calli likely to wild species, and their proportion ranged from 3.2% to 85.5%. The average percentage of shoot regenerating calli was 25.4%, 22.0% of which regenerated green and 3.4% of which regenerated albino shoots. There was a significant difference in percentage of green shoots regenerating calli against shoots regenerating ones between the wild (53.0%) and cultivated species 886.6%). The two kinds of non-brittle rachis genotypes, Bt bt2 and bt Bt2 are one of the key characters distinguishing the oriental and occidental types of cultivated barley. The average percentages of shoot regenerating calli were 16.2% and 32.3% for the genotypes Bt bt2 and bt Bt2, respectively, suggesting that there is a geographical variation in the shoot regeneration ability of calli in the cultivated species. By contrast, the oriental and occidental strains of wild species showed no difference in the shoot regeneration ability of calli. The geographical variation of shoot regeneration ability differed significantly between wild and cultivated species. This suggests that the geographical variation of shoot regeneration ability occurred after the cultivation of the barley was established. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=RikiishiKazuhide en-aut-sei=Rikiishi en-aut-mei=Kazuhide kn-aut-name=力石和英 kn-aut-sei=力石 kn-aut-mei=和英 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakedaKazuyoshi en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Kazuyoshi kn-aut-name=武田和義 kn-aut-sei=武田 kn-aut-mei=和義 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasudaShozo en-aut-sei=Yasuda en-aut-mei=Shozo kn-aut-name=安田昭三 kn-aut-sei=安田 kn-aut-mei=昭三 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Hordeum spontaneum kn-keyword=Hordeum spontaneum en-keyword=Hordeum agriocrithon kn-keyword=Hordeum agriocrithon en-keyword=Tissue culture kn-keyword=Tissue culture en-keyword=Geographical variation kn-keyword=Geographical variation en-keyword=Shoot regeneration ability kn-keyword=Shoot regeneration ability END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=3 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=43 end-page=53 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=1995 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=大麦網斑病抵抗性の選抜効果 kn-title=Selection Effectiveness for the Resistance to Net Blotch in Barley en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=抵抗性と罹病性の両親間の交雑に由来する2組のF2集団とその後代のF3系統を用いて、大麦網斑病における抵抗性の選抜効果を推定した。F3系統の平均値と分散から、病斑指数の分散が小さく、すでに固定した系統が多数存在したので、抵抗性は少数の遺伝子に支配されているとみられた。F2個体とF3系統間の親子相関、親子回帰およびF2の選抜差とF3系統の遺伝獲得量から遺伝率を推定したところ、2組の交雑組合せで抵抗性親の病斑指数は異なっていたにもかかわらず、3種類の遺伝率の推定値はいずれも0.6〜0.8の値を示した。遺伝率が高く、しかも関与する遺伝子数であるため、雑種集団で連続変異を示す場合の大麦網斑病抵抗性の選抜はF2からでも効果的とみられた。 kn-abstract=Selection effectiveness for the resistance to net blotch was estimated by using two sets of F2 and F3 populations derived from the crosses between resistant and susceptible parents. In every F2 and F3 population, disease ratings showed a continuous distribution. As many F3 lines with intermediate resistance had a smaller variance and homozygous genotype, the resistance might be controlled by a few genes. The heritabilities of the disease rating were estimated　by correlation coefficients and regression coefficients between each F2 plant and the descended F3 lines. Another estimate for heritability was calculated by the selection differential in the F2 plants and genetic gain in the F3 lines. Despite the different level of resistance in the resistant parents of the two crosses, the three kinds of heritabilities estimated were similar and ranged from 0.6 to 0.8. Because of the fewer number of genes controlling the disease resistance and the higher heritabilities, selection in a early generation may be effective for net blotch resistance in barlcy. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatoKazuhiro en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Kazuhiro kn-aut-name=佐藤和広 kn-aut-sei=佐藤 kn-aut-mei=和広 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakedaKazuyoshi en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Kazuyoshi kn-aut-name=武田和義 kn-aut-sei=武田 kn-aut-mei=和義 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Net blotch kn-keyword=Net blotch en-keyword=Pyrenophora teres kn-keyword=Pyrenophora teres en-keyword=Selection kn-keyword=Selection en-keyword=Barley kn-keyword=Barley en-keyword=Disease resistance kn-keyword=Disease resistance END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=3 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=35 end-page=41 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=1995 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=ダイズ種子の冠水抵抗性の品種間差とダイアレル分析 kn-title=Varietal Differences and Diallel Analysis of Pre-germination Flooding Tolerance in Soybean Seed en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=起源の異なる730品種の大豆種子を25℃、4日間浸漬処理し、その後の発芽率で種子の冠水抵抗性を評価した。また、種子の冠水抵抗性の遺伝様式6×6のダイアレル分析で調査した。供試した品種の冠水処理後の発芽率は0〜100％まで分布し、種子の冠水抵抗性には大きな変異が認められた。大部分の品種は冠水条件に感受性であり、供試品種の4％のみが高度の抵抗性（発芽率90％以上）を示した。ダイアレル分析の結果、種子の冠水抵抗性は、相加的効果と優性効果が有意であり、優性効果の方が相加的効果よりも重要であった。種子の冠水抵抗性を支配する遺伝子は2対、狭義の遺伝率は0.47と推定され、抵抗性の強い方が劣性なので、初期世代における選抜効果が期待できる。 kn-abstract=Seven hundred and thirty varieties of soybean from different sources were evaluated for seed flooding tolerance by the seed germination test after a 4-day soaking at 25℃. The inheritance of seed flooding tolerance was also analyzed with a 6 x diallel cross. A large variation in seed flooding tolerance existed in the soybean germplasm as reflected in the germination rate which ranged from 0 to 100%. Most of the varieties tested were sensitive to seed flooding, and only 4% of the tested varieties showed a high tolerance (germination rate >90%). Seed flooding tolerance was controlled by both additive and dominance genes and a small number of effective factors and high narrow sense heritability in diallel analysis indicate that the selection for tolerance can effectively be done in early generations. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HouFwu-Fenn en-aut-sei=Hou en-aut-mei=Fwu-Fenn kn-aut-name=侯福分 kn-aut-sei=侯 kn-aut-mei=福分 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ThsengFu-Sheng en-aut-sei=Thseng en-aut-mei=Fu-Sheng kn-aut-name=曽富生 kn-aut-sei=曽 kn-aut-mei=富生 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=WuShu-Tu en-aut-sei=Wu en-aut-mei=Shu-Tu kn-aut-name=呉詩都 kn-aut-sei=呉 kn-aut-mei=詩都 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakedaKazuyoshi en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Kazuyoshi kn-aut-name=武田和義 kn-aut-sei=武田 kn-aut-mei=和義 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Glycine max kn-keyword=Glycine max en-keyword=Seed flooding tolerance kn-keyword=Seed flooding tolerance en-keyword=Diallel analysis kn-keyword=Diallel analysis en-keyword=Germination kn-keyword=Germination en-keyword=Varietal kn-keyword=Varietal en-keyword=difference kn-keyword=difference END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=3 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=27 end-page=34 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=1995 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Sorghum Resistance to the Sugarcane Aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntenr) Amounts of Surface Wax and Nutritional Components kn-title=ソルガムのヒエノアブラムシ抵抗性　葉面ワックスと栄養成分 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=ヒエノアブラムシの寄生密度にソルガム葉の葉面ワックス、栄養成分である糖と遊離アミノ酸がどのように影響するかを明らかにするために、抵抗性、中間、感受性の3系統のソルガムを用いて、これらの物量の含量を比較した。（1）ソルガムに寄生するアブラムシとしては、ヒエノアブラムシのみであった。8月中旬のアブラムシ寄生数は抵抗性系統で0、感受性系統で約3,500頭、その中間系統で約30頭であった。（2）葉面ワックス量は3系統ともほぼ同じであった。（3）全糖含量は抵抗性、中間系統の方が感受性系統に比べわずかに高い傾向であった。（4）全遊離アミノ酸含量は抵抗性、中間系統の方が、感受性系統よりも高かった。（5）これらの結果、葉面ワックス、糖、遊離アミノ酸はソルガムのアブラムシの寄生に影響を及ぼさないようにみえた。二次代謝産物であるデューリン、ベンジルアルコール、パラヒドロキシベンズアルデヒド、アコニット酸等が、ソルガムでのアブラムシの寄生密度を制御していると思われる。 kn-abstract=The differences in the amounts of leaf surface wax and nutritional components such as sugar and free amino acids were compared among resistant (PE 954177), moderately resistant (IS 84) and susceptible (Redlan B) sorghum varieties to the sugarcane aphid. Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner). (1) The kind of aphid appearing on the leaves of the sorghum varieties was only the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari in the field. The number of aphids infesting a leaf was ca 0,30 and 3,500 in the resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible varieties at the middle of August, respectively. (2) The amount of leaf surface wax was approximately constant among these three varieties. (3) The total sugar content was slightly higher in the two resistant varieties than in the susceptible variety. (4) The total free amino acid concentration was higher in the two resistant varieties than in the susceptible variety. (5) These findings suggest that neither leaf surface wax nor nutritional components seem to affect the aphid populations on the leaves of the three sorghum varieties, showing that biogenic substances such as dhurrin, benzylalcohol, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, aconitic acide, etc. may affect the aphid populations. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TsumukiHisaaki en-aut-sei=Tsumuki en-aut-mei=Hisaaki kn-aut-name=積木久明 kn-aut-sei=積木 kn-aut-mei=久明 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanehisaKatsuo en-aut-sei=Kanehisa en-aut-mei=Katsuo kn-aut-name=兼久勝夫 kn-aut-sei=兼久 kn-aut-mei=勝夫 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoharramipourSaeid en-aut-sei=Moharramipour en-aut-mei=Saeid kn-aut-name=MoharramipourSaeid kn-aut-sei=Moharramipour kn-aut-mei=Saeid aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Sorghum kn-keyword=Sorghum en-keyword=Sugarcane aphid kn-keyword=Sugarcane aphid en-keyword=Melanaphis sacchari kn-keyword=Melanaphis sacchari en-keyword=Leaf surface wax kn-keyword=Leaf surface wax en-keyword=Amino acid kn-keyword=Amino acid END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=3 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=17 end-page=26 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=1995 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Quantitative Variations of a Resistance Substance, DIMBOA, against Aphids in Wheat Varieties. kn-title=アブラムシ抵抗性物質，DIMBOA, のコムギにおける消長 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=コムギもオオムギと同様に系統・品種によってアブラシによる寄生の程度に差がみられた。数百のコムギ品種について、寄生程度の調査を1989年に予備的に行い、選別した8品種について、1990年と1991年にコムギの抵抗性物質とされているDIMBOAの消長を調べた。寄生程度の比較調査は1989年から1992年まで調べ、年と場所による変動を調べた。数千のオオムギの系統間においてはアブラムシ類の寄生数で百倍以上の差があり、抵抗性と感受性の系統を容易に選別できている。しかし、コムギにおいては数十倍の寄生数を示す系統は見出せなかった。系統間に年と場所での抵抗性と感受性の差が見られても、遺伝的であることが確認された系統はなかった。オオムギと比較して、供試した数百のコムギ系統の中には、アブラムシの寄生が非常に多い感受性系統はなく、供試した全てが多少とも抵抗性の形質を示した。コムギの抵抗性物質であるDIMBOAは冬期2月下旬で約1μg/g新鮮葉の含量であり、生育に伴って減少した。減少の程度は系統間で差が余りなかった。換言するとDIMBOAのない、あるいは極端に少量の系統はなく、全ての系統で抵抗性の一因となっていると考察された。コムギにおいては、オオムギで顕著な抵抗性物質と考えられているインドールアルカロイドのグラミンは検出されなかったが、オオムギで検出されなかったDIMBOAが顕著な抵抗性成分として検出され、これによって両ムギの質的な差異が示された。コムギはもう一つの抵抗性物質である水溶性のアコニット酸をオオムギの約10倍も含有しており、コムギではDIMBOAとアコニット酸の両者がアブラムシ抵抗性物質として作用していると考えられた。 kn-abstract=Aphids sometimes severely infest wheat plants, mainly sucking phloem sap and disrupting tissues, and in a few cases act as virus vectors. There are resistant and susceptible varieties of wheat against aphids. DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) is a substance causing resistance to animals including aphids. The change in the amounts of DIMBOA with growth in eight wheat varieties was estimated in 1990 and 1991. Wheat seeds were sown at mid-November in the former year and harvested in mid-June. Aphids appeared from early April, increased with the growth of the wheat, and finally decreased with the senescence of the wheat. Rhopalosiphum maidis appeared early in the season, R. padi appeared late, Schizaphis graminum and Sitovion akebiae appeared intermittently in the season. S. graminum appeared more frequently on wheat than barley. DIMBOA was detected from wheat but not from barley. Gramine (N,N-dimethyl-indole-3-methanamine) was detected from barley, and is known as an important resistance substance. However gramine could not be detected in wheat. DIMBOA was found in higher amounts in young wheat, and gradually decreased with growth. A clear relationship between the aphid population and DIMBOA amounts could not be observed. However, all the wheat varieties used in this experiment seemed to have resistance against aphids. The resistance was compared with barley susceptible lines. DIMBOA was presumed to share the property of resistance with aconitic acid in wheat. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KanehisaKatsuo en-aut-sei=Kanehisa en-aut-mei=Katsuo kn-aut-name=兼久勝夫 kn-aut-sei=兼久 kn-aut-mei=勝夫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=Awan RustamaniMaqsood en-aut-sei=Awan Rustamani en-aut-mei=Maqsood kn-aut-name=Awan RustamaniMaqsood kn-aut-sei=Awan Rustamani kn-aut-mei=Maqsood aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChengWen-Yi en-aut-sei=Cheng en-aut-mei=Wen-Yi kn-aut-name=鄭文儀 kn-aut-sei=鄭 kn-aut-mei=文儀 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsumukiHisaaki en-aut-sei=Tsumuki en-aut-mei=Hisaaki kn-aut-name=積木久明 kn-aut-sei=積木 kn-aut-mei=久明 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiragaTakashi en-aut-sei=Shiraga en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name=白神孝 kn-aut-sei=白神 kn-aut-mei=孝 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=DIMBOA content kn-keyword=DIMBOA content en-keyword=Wheat kn-keyword=Wheat en-keyword=Aphid kn-keyword=Aphid en-keyword=Resistant varaity kn-keyword=Resistant varaity en-keyword=Susceptible variety kn-keyword=Susceptible variety END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=3 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=11 end-page=16 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=1995 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Reaction of the Resistant Gene ml-o to Various Barley Powdery Mildew Strains kn-title=オオムギうどんこ病抵抗性遺伝子ml-oの各種菌株に対する反応 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=うどんこ病抵抗性遺伝子ml-oを持つ7つの突然変異系統と原品種に対して圃場で採取したうどんこ病菌4菌株と交雑由来の4菌株計8菌株を接種し、ml-oの突然変異系統とその原品種のうどんこ病菌に対する反応を比較した。供試8菌株は判別品種に対して相互に異なる反応を示し、従って異なる病原性遺伝子を持つものとみられた。一方、7つの原品種は8つの菌株に対する反応が一般的に良く似ており、抵抗性に関する遺伝的背景が似通っているとみられた。ml-oを持つ突然変異体とその原品種を比較すると、一部の例外を除けば病斑型はほとんど等しい一方、病斑数が顕著に減少していたので、ml-oは病斑型に対してではなく、病斑数を減少させる方向に働くとみられる。 kn-abstract=Eight powdery mildew strains, four collected from the field and the other four derived from a cross between two strains, were inoculated to seven mutant barley lines having the ml-o gene for powdery mildew resistance and their original varieties of barley. These eight powdery mildew strains showed a distinctive reaction to the nine testers having various resistant genes. Onthe other hand, the original barley varieties showed a similar reaction to all the powdery mildew strains inoculated, indicating that the genetic background of these varieties was similar. In comparison with the ml-o mutants and their original varieties, the type of lesion did not change in most cases, but the number of lesions decreased significantly without exception. In conclusion, the powdery mildew resistant gene ml-o does not affect the type of lesions but it reduces the number of lesions. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HetaHideo en-aut-sei=Heta en-aut-mei=Hideo kn-aut-name=部田英雄 kn-aut-sei=部田 kn-aut-mei=英雄 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakedaKazuyoshi en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Kazuyoshi kn-aut-name=武田和義 kn-aut-sei=武田 kn-aut-mei=和義 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Powdery mildew resistance kn-keyword=Powdery mildew resistance en-keyword=Barley kn-keyword=Barley en-keyword=ml-o gene kn-keyword=ml-o gene en-keyword=Pathogenicity kn-keyword=Pathogenicity END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=3 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=5 end-page=10 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=1995 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Host Selection, Development and Reproduction of Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) kn-title=ヒエノアブラムシ　 Melanaphis sacchari(Zehntner)の寄生選択，発育および繁殖に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=ヒエノアブラムシの寄主選択行動と発育、繁殖について、温度25℃、16時間日長条件下で調査し、次のような結果を得た。有翅胎生雌虫、無翅胎生雌虫の成虫は感受性ソルガム（Redlan B）と野生のセイバンモロコシに対して強い選好性を示した。抵抗性ソルガム（P.E.954-177）は、感受性ソルガム（Redlan B）に比較する幼虫期間の遅延、産子数の低下および生存期間の短縮がみられた。 kn-abstract=The host selection, development and reproduction of sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) were studied. Both alate and apterous virginoparous adults showed a stronger tendency of preference to a susceptible strain of sorghum and Cuba grass, Sorghum helepense (Persoon) than a resistant strain of sorghum and Eulalia, Miscanthus sinensis (Anderss). The number of days for larval development was increased with a decrease in longevity and fecundity in aphids reared on resistant sorghum at 25℃ under a 16-hour photoperiodic condition. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawadaKazuo en-aut-sei=Kawada en-aut-mei=Kazuo kn-aut-name=河田和雄 kn-aut-sei=河田 kn-aut-mei=和雄 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Sorghum kn-keyword=Sorghum en-keyword=Host selection kn-keyword=Host selection en-keyword=Sugarcane aphids kn-keyword=Sugarcane aphids END