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Liquid laboratory waste containing osmic acid and cacodylic acid was mixed with potter's clay or hydraulic cement. The clay-waste product was kneaded into blocks and baked in a klin (1,200-1,400 degrees C). The cement-waste product was allowed to harden into concrete blocks. Some of the baked clay blocks and concrete blocks were ground, and immersed in 1 N NaOH or 10% HCI solutions for 3-6 months. X-ray microanalysis of the dried samples of these solutions showed that no leakage of osmium and arsenic occurred in the baked clay embedding, and that some leakage of these agents occurred in the concrete embedding. The present study indicates that the baked clay embedding method is useful for safe storage of dangerous laboratory wastes. Additional experiments suggested that glass embedding is also useful for safe storage of laboratory wastes or harmful metals.

The applicability and accuracy of isotachophoresis in measuring the concentrations of some of the intermediates of red cell metabolism during blood bank storage in acid-citrate-dextrose preservative was assessed. Preparative treatment consisted of washing with isotonic sucrose solution and centrifugation to remove serum, but white cells and platelets were not separated out from red blood cells. The results for 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, ATP, inorganic phosphate and lactate were also confirmed enzymatically. The technique had good reproducibility (variation less than 3%) and was extremely convenient compared to traditional enzyme assays of the same components. It enabled simultaneous measurement of components with concentrations greater than 1 mumole/red blood cell.

A persistent problem in orthotopic liver transplantation is primary nonfunction (PNF) of the hepatic allograft. In an attempt to reduce the incidence of graft failure, the feasibility of pretransplant assessment of graft viability was investigated by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was measured as an indicator of liver function by 31P NMR spectroscopy after a 30 min normothermic reperfusion following cold-storage in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. The mean +/- SD beta-ATP/Pi ratio after preservation for 0, 12, 24 or 48 h was 1.40 +/- 0.34, 0.85 +/- 0.27, 0.64 +/- 0.14 and 0.38 +/- 0.09, respectively. Significance was observed between 12h and 24h and between 12h and 48h of preservation. These results correlated well with the morphological changes in endothelial cells and sinusoidal lining cells examined by transmission electron microscopy. It is suggested strongly that microcirculatory disturbances due to endothelial cell injury impairs the recovery of ATP levels after reperfusion, and that ATP determination by 31P NMR spectroscopy, as a non-invasive modality, may help in the prediction of PNF after liver transplantation.