Japan Society of Hydrology and Water ResourcesActa Medica Okayama1882-34161942025Unique drought tendency of an understudied region in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam223230ENYuTsuhaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityHiroakiSomuraGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityVo Ngoc QuynhTramResearch Center for Climate Change, Nong Lam UniversityToshitsuguMoroizumiGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityWater resource vulnerability due to uneven precipitation and water allocations is a significant issue in many regions of the world, including the Mekong Delta. Although numerous studies have already evaluated drought tendencies in many parts of the Mekong Delta, some areas have been excluded. This study targeted these excluded areas, including one inland, one coastal area, and two islands, which are defined as “understudied regions.” The meteorological drought intensity, frequency, and duration in the study areas in the Mekong Delta were evaluated using different time scales of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) between 1994–2020. Unique contrasts in drought features were found between the study areas, indicating that severe drought events occupied the highest percentages inland from 2011 onward, while the most extreme drought events occurred in the coastal areas. Furthermore, trends in drought intensity, tendency, frequency, and duration were identified within the same delta region, demonstrating that combining SPI with other indicators can detect drought patterns in the Mekong Delta. These findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive evaluation of drought tendencies, including in understudied regions, for a better understanding of the features and future of water resources management.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7922025Lower Work Engagement Is Associated with Insomnia, Psychological Distress, and Neck Pain among Junior and Senior High School Teachers in Japan93100ENRinaTsuchieDepartment of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMariFukudaDepartment of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHidekiTsumuraDepartment of Psychology, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima UniversityMinakoKinutaDepartment of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTakashiHisamatsuDepartment of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHideyukiKandaDepartment of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/68647School teachers are subject to both physical and mental health problems. We examined cross-sectional relationships between work engagement and major health outcomes among junior and senior high school teachers in Japan via a nationwide survey in 2019-2020. A total of 3,160 respondents were included in the analyses (19.9% response rate). Work engagement was assessed with the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-9 (UWES-9), and we thus divided the teachers into quartiles according to their UWES-9 scores. Based on validated questionnaires, we assessed insomnia, psychological distress, and neck pain as health outcomes. A binomial logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, school type, teacher’s roles, involvement in club activities, division of duties, employment status, and whether they lived with family demonstrated that the teachers with lower UWES-9 scores had higher burdens of insomnia, psychological distress, and neck pain (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] in 4th vs. 1st quartile, 2.92 (2.34-3.65), 3.70 (2.81-4.88), and 2.12 (1.68-2.68), respectively; all trend p<0.001). There were no significant differences in these associations between full-time and part-time teachers. Our findings indicate that low work engagement may contribute to physical and mental health issues among junior and senior high school teachers, thus providing insights for preventing health problems in this profession.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Lippincott, Williams & WilkinsActa Medica Okayama0025-7974103322024Insomnia among patients with chronic pain A retrospective studye39113ENMasatakaUedaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTomokoTetsunagaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama UniversityTomonoriTetsunagaDepartment of Musculoskeletal Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityKeiichiroNishidaDivision of Chronic Pain Medicine and Division of Comprehensive Rheumatology, Locomotive Pain Center, Okayama University HospitalRyoTakatoriDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHisakazuShitozawaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKojiUotaniDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama UniversityKennsukeShinoharaDepartment of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityYoshiakiOdaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityToshifumiOzakiDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityInsomnia can coexist with chronic pain and is a major cause of rapidly increasing medical expenses. However, insomnia has not been fully evaluated in patients with chronic pain. This retrospective study aimed to identify the risk factors for insomnia in patients with chronic non-cancer pain. A total of 301 patients with chronic non-cancer pain were enrolled. Patients with the Athens insomnia scale scores >= 6 and < 6 were classified into insomnia (+) and insomnia (-) groups, respectively. All patients completed self-report questionnaires as part of their chronic pain treatment approach. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to predict insomnia. We found that 219 of 301 (72.8%) patients met the AIS criteria for insomnia. Significant differences were depicted between patients with and without insomnia in terms of body mass index, numeric rating scale, pain catastrophizing scale, hospital anxiety, and depression scale (HADS), pain disability assessment scale, EuroQol 5 dimension (EQ5D), and pain self-efficacy questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis identified the numeric rating scale, HADS, and EQ5D scores as factors related to insomnia in patients with chronic non-cancer pain. Anxiety, depression, and disability were associated with a greater tendency toward insomnia. HADS and EQ5D scores are useful screening tools for preventing insomnia in patients with chronic non-cancer pain.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7832024Assessment of a New Elbow Joint Positioning Method Using Area Detector Computed Tomography215225ENTakuyaAkagawaDepartment of Radiological Technology, Tokushima Red Cross HospitalRyoheiFukuiDepartment of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama UniversityKatsuhiroKidaDepartment of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama UniversityRyutaroMatsuuraDepartment of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama UniversityMakotoShimadaDepartment of Radiology, Osaka International Cancer InstituteMitsuhiroKinoshitaDepartment of Radiology, Tokushima Red Cross HospitalYokoAkagawaDepartment of Radiology, Tokushima Red Cross HospitalSachikoGotoDepartment of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama UniversityOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/67196We propose a sitting position that achieves both high image quality and a reduced radiation dose in elbow joint imaging by area detector computed tomography (ADCT), and we compared it with the ‘superman’ and supine positions. The volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol) for the sitting, superman, and supine positions were 2.7, 8.0, and 20.0 mGy and the dose length products (DLPs) were 43.4, 204.7, and 584.8 mGy • cm, respectively. In the task-based transfer function (TTF), the highest value was obtained for the sitting position in both bone and soft tissue images. The noise power spectrum (NPS) of bone images showed that the superman position had the lowest value up to approx. 1.1 cycles/mm or lower, whereas the sitting position had the lowest value when the NPS was greater than approx. 1.1 cycles/mm. The overall image quality in an observer study resulted in the following median Likert scores for Readers 1 and 2: 5.0 and 5.0 for the sitting position, 4.0 and 3.5 for the superman position, and 4.0 and 2.0 for the supine position. These results indicate that our proposed sitting position with ADCT of the elbow joint can provide superior image quality and allow lower radiation doses compared to the superman and supine positions.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7812024Is Proximal Triangular Fixation Better than the Conventional Method in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery?3746ENMasatoTanakaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai HospitalUmeshMeenaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai HospitalTakuyaTaokaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai HospitalYoshihiroFujiwaraDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai HospitalDaiichiroYokomizoDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai HospitalSantosh KumarBashyalDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai HospitalNaveenSakeDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai HospitalShinyaAratakiDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai HospitalOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/66669In adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery, one of the key factors working to prevent proximal junctional kyphosis is the proximal anchor. The aim of this study was to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of triangular fixation with conventional fixation as proximal anchoring techniques in ASD surgery. We retrospectively evaluated 54 patients who underwent corrective spinal fusion for ASD. Fourteen patients underwent proximal triangular fixation (Group T; average 74.6 years), and 40 patients underwent the conventional method (Group C; average 70.5 years). Clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) values for back pain and the Oswestry disability index (ODI). Radiographic evaluation was also collected preoperatively and postoperatively. Surgical times and intraoperative blood loss of the two groups were not significantly different (493 vs 490 min, 1,260 vs 1,173 mL). Clinical outcomes such as VAS and ODI were comparable in the two groups. Proximal junctional kyphosis in group T was slightly lower than that of group C (28.5% vs 47.5%, p=0.491). However, based on radiology, proximal screw pullout occurred significantly less frequently in the triangular fixation group than the conventional group (0.0% vs 22.5%, p=0.049). Clinical outcomes in the two groups were not significantly different.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Nature PortfolioActa Medica Okayama2045-23221312023Relationships of rapid eating with visceral and subcutaneous fat mass and plasma adiponectin concentration11491ENHidekiTsumuraGraduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima UniversityMariFukudaDepartment of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesTakashiHisamatsuDepartment of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesRieSatoDepartment of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane UniversityRinaTsuchieDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane UniversityHideyukiKandaDepartment of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesRapid eating has been demonstrated to be associated with obesity and overweight. However, few studies have characterized the separate relationships of eating speed with visceral and subcutaneous fat mass or circulating adiponectin concentration. We hypothesized that rapid eating is associated with the larger visceral fat tissue (VFT) area and lower adiponectin concentration, but not with the subcutaneous fat tissue (SFT) area in men and women. We performed a cross-sectional study of 712 adults aged 20–86 years (528 men and 184 women; mean ± SD age 59.36 ± 13.61 years). The participants completed a self-reported questionnaire, and underwent anthropometric and laboratory measurements and computed tomographic imaging of the abdomen as a part of annual medical check-ups. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that rapid eating was associated with larger visceral (B = 24.74; 95% CI 8.87–40.61, p = 0.002) and subcutaneous fat areas (B = 31.31; 95% CI 12.23–50.38, p = 0.001), lower adiponectin concentration (B = − 2.92; 95% CI − 4.39– − 1.46, p < 0.001), higher body mass index (BMI) (B = 2.13; 95% CI 1.02–3.25, p < 0.001), and larger waist circumference (B = 5.23; 95% CI 2.16–8.30, p < 0.001) in men, which is partially consistent with the hypothesis. In contrast, rapid eating was found to be associated only with BMI, and not with abdominal adipose area or adiponectin concentration in women, which is a result that is not consistent with the hypothesis. These results suggest that there is no difference in the association of rapid eating with VFT and SFT areas.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323132023受講効率と講義効率から見たオンライン講義―最適なオンライン講義時間の推定の試み―16ENJunjiYamakawa10.18926/CTED/65060 リアルタイム形式でオンライン講義を行い，その講義動画をアーカイブ提供する場合，受講生は複数回の受講が可能になるのと同時に必要な部分だけを選択して受講することが可能になる。この状況を数値化したものが受講効率Ae である(山川・高旗, 2022)。今回，新たに講義効率(Lecture efficiency, Le)を定義し，データサイエンスの手法に基づき，筆者が2020 年度から2022 年度の3 年間に実施した約100 回のオンライン講義のAe をLeを使った線形モデルおよび非線形モデルでモデリングして検討したところ，最適なオンライン講義動画の長さは法定講義時間に対して1/2 から2/3 であることが推定された。またこの際のAe は2.0 < Ae < 2.5 の範囲に収束した。これらを講義動画の平均視聴回数と併せて考察するとオンライン講義の受講者は複数回の視聴により約96 %の充足率でオンライン講義動画を視聴していると考えられることがわかった。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7652022A Simple and Descriptive Assessment of Morphology Based on the Horizontal Plane of the Pediatric Head and Creation of a Normative Database in Japanese Children 6 Years Old and under: Horizontal Vector Analysis565575ENShoKomagoeDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTakayaSenooDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesSoshiTakaoDepartment of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYoshinoriShiraishiDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHiroshiMatsumotoDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYoshihiroKimataDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/64038We herein introduce horizontal vector analysis, a simple method for assessing cranial morphology based on measurement of the head’s horizontal plane, and use this method to establish normal cranial morphology in Japanese children Computed tomography scans taken in 2010-2019 in healthy Japanese children aged ≤ 6 years. The two measurement planes were parallel to the orbitomeatal plane: namely, a plane passing through the dorsum sellae (DS) and the plane superior to that with the maximal area (Max plane). A protractor was used to circumferentially measure the lengths from the central point to the outer surface of the skull. A total of 487 images were extracted. The distances between the DS and Max planes were consistently almost 30 mm for each age group, so we fixed the Max plane as the plane 30 mm superior to the DS plane. Finally, we established datasets of normal values for each age group and sex. Using these norms, perioperative evaluation of various cranial deformities could be performed more easily and circumstantially.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Springer Science and Business Media LLCActa Medica Okayama1432-10683352022Larger sagittal inter-screw distance/tibial width ratio reduces delayed union or non-union after arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis15571563ENSuguruYokooDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityKentaSaigaDepartment of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityKojiDemiyaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityHidekiOhashiDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityMasahiroHoritaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityToshifumiOzakiDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityBackground<br>
Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis (AAA) has risks of complications, such as delayed union and non-union. The number and direction of the inserted screws have been reported as important factors affecting the time to union of AAA. However, the ratio of inter-screw distance (ISD) to tibial width (TW) in different planes has not been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effect of this ratio on bone union following AAA.<br>
<br>
Methods<br>
We retrospectively enrolled 63 patients (64 ankles) undergoing AAA from 2013 to 2019. Then, their age, body mass index (BMI), sex, diabetes mellitus (DM) status, Takakura–Tanaka classification, number of screws and radiographic parameters were analysed.<br>
<br>
Results<br>
The patients had a mean age of 70.3 (range, 45–91) years. Bone fusion was achieved in 57 ankles (89%) in a mean period of 3.3 (range, 2–6) postoperative months. There were four cases of delayed union and three of non-union. No significant differences in age, BMI, sex, DM, Takakura–Tanaka classification, and number of screws could be detected between the groups. However, the sagittal ISD/TW ratio was significantly larger in the union group than in the delayed/non-union group with a cut-off value of 57.0%.<br>
<br>
Conclusion<br>
Larger sagittal ISD/TW ratios result in reduced post-AAA delayed union or non-union. The surgeon should be aware that the anterior and posterior screw widths should be approximately 60% or more of the anteroposterior width of the tibia.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7562021Testosterone Recovery after Neoadjuvant Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist versus Agonist on Permanent Iodine-125 Seed Brachytherapy in Prostate Cancer Patients: A Propensity Score Analysis705711ENTakehiroIwataDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYukiMaruyamaDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTatsushiKawadaDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTakuyaSadahiraDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesSatoshiKatayamaDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesAtsushiTakamotoDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTomokoSakoDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKoichiroWadaDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKoheiEdamuraDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYasuyukiKobayashiDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMotooArakiDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMasamiWatanabeDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesToyohikoWatanabeDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYasutomoNasuDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/62810Optimal neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NHT) for reducing prostate cancer (PC) patients’ prostate volume pre-brachytherapy is controversial. We evaluated the differential impact of neoadjuvant gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist versus agonist on post-brachytherapy testosterone recovery in 112 patients treated pre-brachytherapy with NHT (GnRH antagonist, n=32; GnRH agonists, n=80) (Jan. 2007-June 2019). We assessed the effects of patient characteristics and a GnRH analogue on testosterone recovery with logistic regression and a propensity score analysis (PSA). There was no significant difference in the rate of testosterone recovery to normal levels (> 300 ng/dL) between the GnRH antagonist and agonists (p=0.07). The GnRH agonists induced a significantly more rapid testosterone recovery rate at 3 months post-brachytherapy versus the GnRH antagonist (p<0.0001); there was no difference in testosterone recovery at 12 months between the GnRH antagonist/agonists (p=0.8). In the multivariate analysis, no actor was associated with testosterone recovery. In the PSA, older age and higher body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with longer testosterone recovery. Post-brachytherapy testosterone recovery was quicker with the neoadjuvant GnRH agonists than the antagonist, and the testosterone recovery rate was significantly associated with older age and higher BMI. Long-term follow-ups are needed to determine any differential effects of GnRH analogues on the quality of life of brachytherapy-treated PC patients.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.SpringerActa Medica Okayama1432-111456 122015Focusing-schlieren Visualization in A Dual-mode Scramjet211ENToshinoriKouchiDepartment of Mechanical and System Engineering, Okayama UniversityChristopher P.GoyneDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of VirginiaRobert D.RockwellDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of VirginiaJames C.McDanielDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia Schlieren imaging is particularly suited to measuring density gradients in compressible flowfields and can be used to capture shock waves and expansion fans, as well as the turbulent structures of mixing and wake flows. Conventional schlieren imaging, however, has difficulty clearly capturing such structures in long-duration supersonic combustion test facilities. This is because the severe flow temperatures locally change the refractive index of the window glass that is being used to provide optical access. On the other hand, focusing-schlieren imaging presents the potential of reduced sensitivity to thermal distortion of the windows and to clearly capture the flow structures even during a combustion test. This reduced sensitivity is due the technique’s ability to achieve a narrow depth of focus. As part of this study, a focusing-schlieren system was developed with a depth of focus near ±5 mm and was applied to a direct-connect, continuous-flow type, supersonic combustion test facility with a stagnation temperature near 1200 K. The present system was used to successfully visualize the flowfield inside a dual-mode scramjet. The imaging system captured combustion-induced volumetric expansion of the fuel jet and an anchored bifurcated shock wave at the trailing edge of the ramp fuel injector. This is the first time successful focusing-schlieren measurements have been reported for a dual-mode scramjet.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231672018ユニバーサルデザイン教育カリキュラムのための基礎研究 (その５) : カリキュラム到達度指標の研究4553ENTetsuoKiyota10.18926/bgeou/55701 本稿は，「ユニバーサルデザイン教育カリキュラムのための基礎研究」の継続研究である。本研究は，創造性を育む過程で，児童・生徒が社会や地域と出会う美術教育を実践するための教育カリキュラムの構築を目指している。UDによる個の尊重などの視点を取り入れることで，児童・生徒の自己理解を深めるだけでなく，他者や自然環境を深く見つめることで，共感性の幅も広める。
本稿は，カリキュラムを実践するにあたり，小学校から高等学校までの成長過程で，培うべき児童・生徒の力をある程度明確にするため，「自己を深める」，「共感性」，「深く見る」，「社会参画意識」の四つの視点から，先行研究等を基に達成度指標を作成した。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.SpringerActa Medica Okayama0167-680614322014Estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA expression and molecular subtype distribution in ER-negative/progesterone receptor-positive breast cancers403409ENMitsuyaItohTakayukiIwamotoJunjiMatsuokaTomohiroNogamiTakayukiMotokiTadahikoShienNarutoTairaNaokiNiikuraNaokiHayashiShoichiroOhtaniKenjiHigakiToshiyoshiFujiwaraHiroyoshiDoiharaW. FraserSymmansLajosPusztaiWe examined estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA expression and molecular subtypes in stage I-III breast cancers that are progesterone receptor (PR) positive but ER and HER2 negative by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescent in situ hybridization. The ER, PR, and HER2 status was determined by IHC as part of routine clinical assessment (N = 501). Gene expression profiling was done with the Affymetrix U133A gene chip. We compared expressions of ESR1 and MKI67 mRNA, distribution of molecular subtypes by the PAM50 classifier, the sensitivity to endocrine therapy index, and the DLDA30 chemotherapy response predictor signature among ER/PR-positive (n = 223), ER-positive/PR-negative (<Emphasis Type="ItalicUnderline">n = 73), ER-negative/PR-positive (n = 20), and triple-negative (n = 185) cancers. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with an anthracycline and taxane and had adjuvant endocrine therapy only if ER or PR > 10 % positive. ESR1 expression was high in 25 % of ER-negative/PR-positive, in 79 % of ER-positive/PR-negative, in 96 % of ER/PR-positive, and in 12 % of triple-negative cancers by IHC. The average MKI67 expression was significantly higher in the ER-negative/PR-positive and triple-negative cohorts. Among the ER-negative/PR-positive patients, 15 % were luminal A, 5 % were Luminal B, and 65 % were basal like. The relapse-free survival rate of ER-negative/PR-positive patients was equivalent to ER-positive cancers and better than the triple-negative cohort. Only 20-25 % of the ER-negative/PR-positive tumors show molecular features of ER-positive cancers. In this rare subset of patients (i) a second RNA-based assessment may help identifying the minority of ESR1 mRNA-positive, luminal-type cancers and (ii) the safest clinical approach may be to consider both adjuvant endocrine and chemotherapy.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.情報処理学会Acta Medica Okayama091960722006942006複合名詞に着目したWeb検索結果のクラスタリング3542ENKazukiHiraoKoichiTakeuchi本稿では複合名詞に着目したWeb検索結果のクラスタリング手法を提案する．本手法では検索結果のタイトルと要約を利用し，階層的で一つの検索結果が複数のクラスタに含まれることを認めるクラスタリングを行う．本手法は次の２つの仮説に基づいている．1)複合名詞は固有の概念を表すため，文書を特徴付けやすい．2)複合名詞間の語構成関係を利用して，部分複合による類概念，および上位下位関係のクラスラベルを作成することで見通しの良いＷｅｂ文書の分類ができる．実験の結果，複合名詞の構造は分かりやすいクラスタ構造の形成に利用でき，また自然なラベル付けに有効であった．このことから，複合名詞は検索結果全体を見渡すためのよいインデックスであると言える．No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15584361931血液型ノ人種學的應用價値及ビ東播地方ニ於ケル血液型ノ分佈状態ニ就テ14261440ENGennosukeOku1. With regard to the grounds for the applicability of the human blood groups to ethnology, former investigators were of opinion that the rate of distribution of the blood groups possessed by one tribe is proper to the tribe and invariable from the beginning of the existence of the tribe down to the present time; and that therefore if the rate of distribution of the blood groups of the existing tribe is investigated, the result thus obtained can be directly applied to the inference of the rate of distribution of the human blood groups in the ancestors of the tribe. It is very difficult, however, to say that in man the number of gametes generated by each individual is definite, and that they maintain their existence and fulfils their function without exception. The human race may be said to have extraneous fertilization, in the borader sense of the term, but customarily people are amrried among their own kind, and therefore something very near to “inter-fertilization, ” in the narrower sense, ought to take place in an extremely slow degree. Moreover, there is the phenomenon of ‘linkage’ as recognizable from the hypothesis on heredity established by the present writer. From these facts it is perhaps difficult to say that the frequency of the gametes of the blood groups can constantly have an invariable equilibrium. Besides, every human race in general shows the rate of distribution of blood groups proper to itself. When the same race is observed in the same district, an approximate rate of distribution is recognized, but when it is locally discriminated, the fact that considerable difference is present in the distribution is always experienced in actual experiment. This experimental fact, indeed, properly corresponds to the theoretical expectation above-mentioned. Thus the frequency of the gametes of blood groups is variable at the present time and a constantly invariable equilibrium is not yet reached; it is still in the transition stage towards that equilibrium. But as the blood type is inherited according to a definite rule, the comparative frequency of the gametes possessed by one tribe is also proper to the tribe, and the comparative frequency of the zygotes formed by the former is also proper to the tribe, and in consequence the rate of distribution of blood groups is naturally proper to the trible. Therefore all the tribes with the same ancestors in their origin show the same rate of distribution of blood groups. Therefore the opinion held by former investigators that the rate of distribution in a tribe is constantly invariable from the origin of the tribe down to the present time must be said to be improper. 2. With regard to the rate of distribution of blood groups in the masses, the frequency of the unit of inheritance in four types can be calculated, upon the basis of the author's linkage hypothesis. On this ground, it is possible to observe the rate in which the unit of inheritance is distributed in a tribe, and accordingly comparative investigation of several kinds of tribes is possible. The unit of inheritance in four types is as follows: Ref.:
Factors of two pair allelomorphism: a……The blood corpuscles not possessing A agglutinogen, but the serum possessing α aggultinin. A……The corpuscles possessing A agglutinogen, but the serum not possessing α agglutinin. b……The corpuscles not possessing B agglutinogen, but the serum possessing β agglutinin. B……The corpuscles possessing B agglutinogen, but the serum possessing β agglutinin. The units of inheritance, and accordingly the kinds of gametes, are ab, Ab, aB and AB; and the respective frequency is represented by R, P, Q and Z. n (=11) indicates the number of non-cross-overs. R=√O
P=1/2{√A+O-√O+1-(√B+O+1-√O+A+B+AB×2n+2/2n+3)} Q=1/2{√B+O-√O+1-(√A+O+1-√O+A+B+AB×2n+2/2n+3)} Z=1-√O+A+B+AB×2n+2/2n+3 3. The rate of distribution of the blood groups in the masses in the eastern part of Harima Province is O type 31.30% A type 39.23% B type 21.11% AB type 8.36% Rassen index 1.61, which agrees with the Japanese blood type as Furuhata calls it. When the frequency of the unit of inheritance is calculated according to the author's linkage hypothesis, we find R=55.9464% P=27.7229% Q=16.1355% Z=0.1952% When the rate of distribution of the blood groups in the two sexes is observed, no particular difference can be recognized between them.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155852111940發熱ガ黴毒血清反應ニ於ケル非特異性ニ及ボス影響ニ就テ 第IV編 Dmelcosニヨル發熱實驗ニ就テ25752590ENMineôOhmichi1) The febrile symptom by Dmercos shows about 1 hour after the injection. The maximum temperature is reached on an average about 2 hours after the injection and it is 11 hours before fever begins to fall down. 2) Viscosity, the index of refraction and the quantity of albumin at the febrile stage shows a general decrease both in the rabbitsserum that reveal non-specificity and in those that do not reveal non-specificity in the M.K.R. II. before the experiment, but the decrease is striking greater in the former than in the latter group. In the normal temperature, however, the case is exactly the reverse. 3) At the febrile stage both the increase and decrease of globulin are more striking in the rabbitsserum that has shown non-specificity than in the rabbitsserum that has not shown non-specificity, but the contrary result is observed in the normal temperature. 4) The non-specificity in the M.K.R. II. seems to have some intimate relation to the striking alteration in the quantity of globulin which is caused by the artificial fever. 5) This non-specificity is observed to reappear in a comparatively long period after the injection.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155852101940發熱ガ黴毒血清反應ニ於ケル非特異性ニ及ボス影響ニ就テ 第III編 Pyriferニヨル發熱實驗ニ就テ24132433ENMineoOhmichi1) The minimum dosis of Pyrifer sufficient to produce fever in the rabbit is 3000.0 M.K. per kilo. The febrile symptom shows about 1 hour after the injection. The maximum temperature is reached on an average about 2 hours after the injection and it is 9 hours before fever begins to fall down. 2) The quantitative alteration of globulin at the febrile stage shows a slightly different aspect in the experiment by Sulfurol, as compared with experiment by Pyrifer. In the group of Al>Gl before the experiment, globulin increases in all eases of the Sulfurol experiment and also in most cases of the Pyrifer experiment, it shows an increase but in a few cases it decreases. When the fever is reduced to normal in the above mentioned group of the rabbit globulin makes a decided increase, just as in the case of the sulfurol experiment, reversing the ratio of albumin and globulin before the febrile experiment, at the earliest, when the fever is reduced to normal and at the latest, 5 days after the reduction of fever. In the group of Al<Gl globulin shows a decrease, aiso reversing the ratio of albumin and globulin, the earliest, when the fever is reduced to normal, and at the latest, just one day after the reduction of fever. Thenceforth in the cource of time the ratio of albumin and globulin is reduced to normal in the group of Al>Gl, showing further increase in the quantity of globulin, while in the group of Al<Gl this ratio is reduced nearly to normal. 3) Viscosity, the index of refraction and the quantity of albumin differ a great deal according to the existence of non-specificity in the cource of febrile experiment. In the rabbit which has shown non-specificity the decrease in the above is comparatively small but the reverst phenomenon is observed when the fever is reduced to normal. 4) The non-specificity in the Murata and M.K.R. II tests disappears by the Pyrifer experiment. The non-specific substance in the Murata test is more sensitive to fever than that in the M.K.R. II. The reappearance of non-specificity is recognised in the M.K.R. II, but not in the Murata test. 5) The greater the number of fever paronysmus repeated, the more the disappearance of non-specificity assured, and the less, the chance of reappearance of the same. Again the disappearance of reaction-substance seems as in the case of the Sulfurol experiment to bear an intimate relation to the striking quantative alteration of globulin caused by the febrile ghenomenon.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155868111956無カタラーゼ血液症に於るカタラーゼ量，ペルオキシダーゼ量並に家鴨，鵞鳥，鳩に於るカタラーゼ量に就て 第二編 家鴨，鵞鳥，鳩の各臓器組織カタラーゼ量に就て21752183ENShinMiharaI examined the quantity of catalase in organ's tissues of wild duck, goose and pigeon, whose blood in reacting to hydrogen peroxide showed a close resemblance to the blood acatalasemia cases. When we poured hydrogen peroxide on to the blood of these fowl, the blood discolored immediately into a blackish color, and at that time no generation of bubbles could be seen. I used Warburg's manometric method and following results were obtained: I found that Qcat. of blood and bone marrow of these fowl showed an extremely low number, while the Qcat. of liver, kidney and small intestine of these fowl were almost equal index number to those of other animals.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155869121957バルビタールの体液中濃度と睡眠に関する研究 第3編 バルビタール血中濃度と脳波32153218ENKeisukeSaraiAs described in report 1, I obtained a vague idea about the relationship between the barbital concentration in blood and sleep in my previous experiments. In order to clarify this relationship still further, I used the δ-index of E. E. G. for the numerical representation of depth of sleep, and examined the possibility of a parallel relationship between this index and the barbital concentration in blood. The results revealed that ths two fluctuate in parallel up to one to two hours after oral administration of barbital but beyond two hours the δ-index decreased rather independently of the barbital concentration in blood. From this result, the brain seems to posess a resistant (a familiarized phenomenon) at this stage to barlital, and therefore, the beginning of a habitual tendency had apparently been created in the brain.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15586991957同時脾剔除を伴える無胃性貧血に関する実験的研究 第3編 胃広汎切除及び同時脾剔出後における貧血白鼠の，腸内細菌相，骨髄体外組織培養，及び治療効果について22752290ENYuzoIwasaIt has been reported that the absence of hydrochloric acid after total gastrectomy caused a change in H-iron concentration in the digestive canal; inversion of acid into alkali. It resulted ascending and proliferation of coli bacilli into the proximal portion of small intestine.
The author has studied the above-described facts, and also performed the tissue culture of the bone marrow of femul to see the function in anemic rats, and observed the therapeutic effect of antianemic substances on the anemic rats. 1) Intestinal Microrganisms In the normal rats every case showed coli bacilli in the duodenum but they were less in number and mostly lactic bacilli have occupied over 1/2 of the bacilli in the whole intestinal canal. In accordance with the inversion of acid into alkali in the intestinal canal after operation the coli bacilli have ascended and proliferated into the upper part of intestinal canal. Lactic bacilli, on the contrary, have disappeared in the proximal intestinal canal and become markedly less in number in the whole intestinal canal. 2) Tissue Culture of Bone Marrow It was observed that the comparative growth index and cellmigration velocity diminished, but the enlarging of growth area and cell-migration were not observed to stop at an early stage as in the control group; It did not show marked but moderate dysfunction. 3) Efficacies of V-B(12), Folic Acid and Iron Preparates V-B(12) and folic acid were noneffective but iron preparates reacted well to the anemia and restored the blood picture as that in the rats before operation, especially the restoration of hemoglobin level. The general condition was improved completely corresponding its restoration.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15586991957同時脾剔除を伴える無胃性貧血に関する実験的研究 第1編 脾剔除，胃広汎切除及び同時脾剔出後における白鼠の末梢血液像及び骨髄像について22452260ENYuzoIwasaIt had been reported, in 1921 by Hartman, that the anemia gravis was observed in totally gastrectomized patient. The anemia, although, had thought to be derived from the absence of Castle's intrinsic factor in accordance with achlorhydria after gastrectomy. It is natural to think that the functional defect of the stomach causes an insufficiency in metabolism, and there are many reports to show various kinds of different results; hyperchrcomic, hypochromic or normochromic. None of them has shown the pernious anemia in the experimental animals. Recently, splenectomy had been frequently performed, under the neccesity, with gastrectomy as a radical operation for gastric carcinoma. We must thoroughly investigate the physiological action of the spleen and know the influence of splenectomy on the agastric anemia. Following results show the pictures of peripheral blood and bone marrow of the rats after subtotal gastrectomy and splenectomy. 1) Group splenectomized simply It showed transitory anemia after operation, which became in normal limit four months postoperatively, and followed by rather higher level than before. But the leucocytosis remained for longer period; the splenic function was compensated by the liver, and functional defect of the spleen gave no influences on the body as the liver function was normal. 2) Group gastrectomized subtotally with splenectomy It showed marked anemia already a month postoperatively, which was gradually increasing the grade. In the group, especially the hemoglobin decreased considerably, and decrease of red cells reduction of erythrocytic diameter, marked increase in immatured red cells, drop of color index were observed. It showed tendency to increase in leucocytes number postoperatively. In the bone marrow picture, increase in erythroblasts (especially basophilic ones) was evident, and comparative decrease in granulocytes was observed. As a whole, it was microcytic hypochromic anemia, and showed disturbance in maturation without a picture of pernicious anemia.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15586971957パラチオン中毒に関する研究 第4編 パラチオン中毒の網内系機能に及ぼす影響19251932ENHajimeTanimotoIn the rabbits, dogs and patients with parathion poisoning, the function of the reticulo-endotherial system was examined by means of carbon black phagocytosis (Sugiyama) and congo-red test (Adler & Reimann). Results are as follows: 1) In the acute parathion poisoning, the function of the reticulo-endotherial sytem presented itself the disturbances such as the decrease of phagocytosis and the increase of congo-red index at the early stage of the poisoning. 2) With daily injection of small doses of parathion, similar disturbances ever noted, and lasted longer. 3) The recovery of the function of the reticulo-endotherial system was similar to that of blood cholinesterase activity.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15586971957慢性脳局所アナフィラキシー家兎脳髄の解糖作用ならびに組織呼吸に関する研究 第1編 慢性脳局所アナフィラキシー家兎大脳皮質の解糖作用ならびに組織呼吸に関する研究17451754ENYoshioOboThe α-type streptococci and cow sera with phosphatid obtained from the cerebral grey matter of cows were given as antigen in the auricular vein of adult rabbits. The effective injections were repeatedly performed for 10 months after the last sensitisation and then the animals were let alone for 4-6 months without any management.
Thus the chronic local cerebral anaphylactic rabbits were made. And the glycolysis and tissue respiration in the specimens of the cortex were investivestigated with Warburg's apparatus. Both of glycolysis and tissue respiration in the group of anaphylactic rabbits generally showed lower values than those in the group of normal rabbits, especially that in the group of cow sara with phosphatid was more marked. The Meyerhof's index showed no difference from the normal.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15586961957骨髓の病態生理に関する研究 第一編 急性出血に於ける骨髄の態度に関する研究補遺15511565ENHyoyeSatoPreviously in our laboratory Tachibana has proven that the bone marrow like other blood-storage organs discharges a great quantity of blood in acute bleeding and that it also occupies an important position among the blood-storage organs. In order to endorse Tachibana's results still further the author has investigated the changes in the erythrocyte counts, hematocrit values, average diameter of erythrocytes, Price-Jones curve, average volume of erythrocytes. and volume index in the nutrient veins of the femur as well as the findings on the bone marrow of adult rabbits after a rapid depletion of blood in the same manner as Tachibana, and the results of the observations are as follows: 1) When a rapid depletion of blood to the amount of 15-20 c. c. /K. is performed in rabbits, an increase of erythrocyte count as well as increase in the hematocrit value can be observed in the nutrient venous blood of the femur, and these increases are especially marked 1-2 hours after depletion. However, through entire course no striking change can be recognized in the Price-Jones curves, averages of the diameter, the volume, and the volume index of erythrocytes; and from these data the increases in erythrocytes and in the hematocrit value are thought to be due to the mobilization of the blood stored in the bone marrow venous sinuses. 2) In the findings of the bone marrow tissues in the rabbit rapidly depleted of blood the decrease of blood in venous sinus is most marked or totally disappeared 1-3 hours after depletion while it later recovers gradually until finally it presents a blood repletion picture somewhat similar to that of the normal. In other words, the blood in the veins of the bone marrow is rapidly mobilized to the outside of the marrow after depletion, and later new blood corpuscles from the hematopoietic foci are recognized to be transferred and stored in the venous sinuses. 3) These results clearly support the experimental results of Tachibana of our labor atory: and therefore, it is thought that the bone marrow, being a blood-storage organ, has an important significance in the repletion of blood in general circulation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15587110-11959試験内胆汁色素生成に関する研究 第1編 Methaemoglobinのl-Ascorbin酸と分子酸素による分解過程に関する分光化学的研究65776585ENShojiTarumiBy amking 1-ascorbic acid and molecular oxygens act upon methemoglobin the author studied the decomposition processes spectrochemically and obtained the following results. 1. In preparing methemoglobin from oxyhemoglobin with sodium nitrite no spectrochemical effect of sodium nitrite can be recognized on methemoglobin. 2. Methemoglobin is reduced to oxyhemoglobin in the presence of 1-ascorbic acid and molecular oxygen and thereafter it shows a similar decomposition processes as observable in the case of oxyhemoglobin. 3. This reaction is affected by molecular oxygens namely, when the quantity of molecular oxygen is large, the speed of the reaction is greater but the production of 670 mμ substance is inhibited; whereas when the quantity of molecualr oxygen is small, the absorption index of 670 mμ and 630 mμ substances is greater. 4. The 670 mμ and 630 mμ substances that are intermediate substances of this reaction are reversible to one another depending upon the quantity of moecular oxygen present. 5. This reaction is affected by the ion concentration; namely, between pH 6.8 and pH 7.7 at pH 7.2 the 670 mμ and 630 mμ substances are produced in the greatest amounts. 6. This reaction is affected by 1-ascorbic acid; namely, with the increase in the amount of ascorbia acid the speed of reaction is accelerated. 7. This reaction is affected also by temperature; namely, with a rise in temperature the reaction is accelerated whereas with a fall in temperature the reaction is retarded. 8. At an eary stage of this reaction dipyrromethen serlies substances are produced by the decomposition of the 670 mμ and 630 mμ substances.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15587110-11959白血病に関する研究 第2編 各種白血病に於ける末梢血液像に関する臨床統計的観察62936309ENTsuneoMatsuyamaThe author carried out clinical and statistical observations of the peripheral blood picture in various leukemias occurring in the Chugoku-Shikoku District, with a special reference to the comparative study on the two groups treated in our department, namely, the group whose bone marrow was cultured and the other without such a culture finding. However, cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia are not included in the present statistics as their number was trivial. 1. Hb content and erythrocyte count: The decrease in Hb content and erythrocyte count is most marked in acute myelogenous leukemia, followed by acute lymphocytic leukemia, and it is least in chronic myelogenous leukemia. The decrease in Hb and erythrocytes of monocytic leukemia occupies an intermediate position between the above two. 2. The color index: The color index is comparatively high in acute type while it tends to be lower in chronic type. 3. Leucocyte count: The aleukemic form is greatest in monocytic leukemia followed in descending order of that in acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia, and all of these aleukemic ones occupy more than 1/3 of the total. However, in chronic myelogenous leukemia it is extremely rare to find the aleukemic form. 4. Reticulocyte count: The reticulocyte count in the peripheral blood of leukemia is generally normal or is increased. 5. Platelet count: The platelet count is about at the normal level in chronic myelogenous leukemia, and in some it is increased. However, it is decreased in all other leukemias. In monocytic leukemia it resembles that in acute type. 6. Classification of leucocytes: In acute myelogenous leukemia myeloblasts occupy a greater proportion and also matured leucocytes are quite many. Intermediate immature cells are low in percentage but it is rare not to see any intermediate immature cells. In chronic myelogenous leukemia mature neutrophils are numerous but immature neutrophils are a few in number. In acute lymphocytic leukemia a high percentage of lymphatic cells accompanied by a marked increase in lymphoblasts can be observed.
In monocytic leukemia intermdiate mature cells are in a low proportion, and monoblasts are less than in acute type, presenting the characteristic intermediate between acute type and chronic type. Namely, monocytic leukemia is an intermediate type between acute leukemia and chronic leukemia, and it is difficult to divide it into acute and chronic types. 7. Relationship between the leucocyte count and leucocyte percentage: On the whole the increase in the number of leucocytes and myeloblast percentage show a mutual relationship. In monocytic leukemia those whose increase in the number of leucocytes is more marked show a greater number of monoblasts, approaching to the acute type. 8. Relationship between the leucocyte count and platelet count: There can be seen no relationship between the leucocyte count and platelet count. 9. Relationship between the leucocyte count and swelling of the spleen and lymph nodes: In acute lymphocytic leukemia the more marked is the increase in the number of leucocytes the greater is the palpitation frequency and the degere of swelling of the spleen and lymph nodes. In chronic myelogenous leukemia the degree of splenomegaly increases along with the increase in the nmnber of leucocytes.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15587110-11959血液疾患血液の2, 3化学的測定に関する研究 第1編 血液疾患に於ける蛋白活性SH基並びにムコ蛋白値について62316245ENTetsuoNiiya1. The protein active SH radical in various blood diseases is generally reduced, but it is markedly so especially in leukemia and cancer. Of various leukemias the acute from shows a marked decreasing tendency. 2. As for mucoprotein on the other hand, a markedly high value is shown in leukemia, cancer and Hodgkin's disease, and even in this instance it is extremely high in the acute from of leukemia. On the contrary in other blood diseases the value is either nomal or at a slightly higher level. 3. Therefore, the protein index of Müller is positive in al most all leukemia, cancer and Hodgkin's disease, making it possible to distinguish them distinctly from other diseases. 4. No specal correlation can be found between the proiein active SH radical and mucoprotein on one hand and the liver function and serum protein fractions on the other. 5. Judging the fluctuations in the protein active SH radical and mucoprotein on the basis of results of treatment in blood diseases, there exists clearly a mutual relationship between the fluctuations and clinical symptoms. In other words, in luekemia the fluctuations in the protein active SH radical and mucoprotein are parallel with the fluctuations in the number of immature leucocytes, while in other blood diseascs the fluctuations parallel with the degree of anemia. 6. The protein active SH radical and mucoprotein in experimental anemia fluctuate in parallel with the degree of anemia and they take about the same course.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558719-21959骨髄体外組織培養に関する研究 第1編 骨髄体外組織培養の経過について59555976ENZenjiWatariBy performing tissue culture of the bone-marrow aspirated from the sternum of normal persons, ribs removed at the thoracoplastic surgery, and from the femur of normal rabbit, the author observed the course of the bone-marrow tissue culture, and obtained the following results. 1. In the bone-marrow tissue culture of the human sternum the growth area keeps on increasing up to 18 hours of the culture and its average relative growth rate is 10.64; in the case of the rib removed at thoracoplastic surgery it lasts for 36 hours and the average of its relative growth rate is 16.90; and in the case of the rabbit femur it lasts for 48 hours and the average of its relative growth rate is 45.37. The fluctuation curve of the average relative growth rate in each case is somewhat like a parabola. 2. The average of the cell density index in the case of human sternum is 52 at 18 hours after the start of calture; in the case of the rib removed at the thoracoplastic surgery it is 54 after the 24-hour culture; and in the case of the rabbit femur it is 67 after the 24-hour culture. 3. In the case of the sternum of normal persons the average value of wandering velocity of neutrophils reaches the maximum of 15.24μ/m three hours after the start of the culture and neutrophils cease wandering on the fourth-sixth day of the culture; in the case of the rib removed at the thoracoplastic surgery the average of the wandering velocity reaches the maximum of 10.51μ/m, and the wandering of neutrophils ceases in the sixth to seventh day of the culture; and in the case of normal rabbit femur the average wandering velocity of pseudoeosinophils reaches the maximum of 14.17μ/m immediately after the start of the culture and the wandering of pseudoeosinophils stops on the 5th to 6th day of the culture. 4. The cell growth area is divided into the central, intermediate and peripheral zones. The course of cell activity in the growth area is divided into the initial, middle, and terminal stages, and obsewations have been carried on from stage to stage.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558718-21959細菌感染の骨髄造血機転に及ぼす影響に関する研究―主として骨髄組織培養による― 第3編 悪急性細菌性心内膜炎患者の骨髄組織培養成績に就て51635172ENTakakazuNaitoIn the bone-marrow tissue culture of the patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis the author obtained the following results: 1. In the case of cover-slip culture, the relative growth rate is normal both before and and after the treatment of patients, but the cell-density index is normal or in some cases with a decrease in bone-marrow nucleated cells it is diminished. 2. In the case of the tissue culture in a fluid medium, the increasing rate of erythrocytes, reticulocytes, and hemoglobin is markedly low before the treatment, but it recovers with treatment. 3. The wandering velocity of neutrophils in the bone marrow has been found to be normal or slightly accelerated. 4. The carbon-particle phagocytotic ability of neutrophils in the bone marrow is markedly decreased before the treatment, but it recovers to normal when the patient is treated. 5. As for the neutral-red vital staining of bone-marrow neutrophils, these cells stain quickly and deeply, indicating a decrease in the functions, but this condition is restored to normal by treatment. In the present paper the author stated that the examinations of the bone marrow by tissue culture with emphasis on the carbon-particle phagocytosis served a quite significant purpose for clinical course observations.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558718-21959細菌感染の骨髄造血機転に及ぼす影響に関する研究―主として骨髄組織培養による― 第1編 各種化膿性球菌感染家兎骨髄の血球，血色素産生能の変化に就て51275147ENTakakazuNaitoIn the study of changes in the production of blood cells and hemoglobin of the bone marrow in rabbits infected with various pyogenic bacteria, the author obtained' the following results: 1. In giving the intravenous daily injection of Streptococcus viridans (0.5mg/kg) to four groups of rabbits for consecutive days, one, four, seven and 14 times each respectively, taking daily blood counts of each group, and conducting bone-marrow tissue culture after respective injection, it has been found that peripheral leucocytes (especially pseudo-eosinophils) decrease in number immediately after the injection, but the number increases after 12 to 24 hours; and this process is repeated at each injection. Moreover, anemia, gradually progressing, becomes most pronounced around the seventh injection, and thereafter it turns to recover by degree. When the bone marrow tissue is cultured at the stage where leucocytes are on the increase; in the case of cover-slip method the relative growth rate increases, reaching the maximum after the seventh injection and tends to return to the normal level after the fourteenth injection, and the cell-density index remains at the normal level or is increased slightly, indicating an increase in the leucocyte series of the bone marrow. In the fluid medium cultures performed at the same time as mentioned above, the increasing rate of erythrocytes, reticulocytes, and hemoglobin of the bone marrow falls, and the degree of such a change more or less coincides with the changes in the anemic conditions of the peripheral blood. 2. When heat killed Streptococcus viridans (a daily dosage of 0.5mg/kg) is injected four consecutive days, such changes in blood and bone-marrow tissue cultures as mentioned above are slight; and when Streptococcus haemolyticus (0.5mg/kg), Staphylococcus aureus (0.5mg/kg) or Staphylococcus albus (1.0mg/kg) is injected four consecutive days, similar blood- and bone-marrow tissue culture findings can be obtained as in the case of four consecutive injections of living Streptococcus viridans, showing not any significant difference by strains of bacteria.
Thus the author obtained the findings in bone marrow that amply endorse the changes in the peripheral blood under pyogenic infection by bone-marrow tissue culture.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558718-11959骨髄組織培養に関する基礎的研究 第II篇 人，家兎死後時間別の細胞増生，遊走速度，墨粒貪喰能，生体染色の観察46394648ENAkiraMaédaIn the observations carried on the cell proliferation (growth area, cell density) and cell functions (wandering velocity of neutrophils and pseudoeosinophils, carbon-particle phagocytosis, vital staining) in the bone marrow tissue culture of the ribs of human and femur of rabbit, both stored at 8°C and conducted at various lengths of the postmortem time, and obtained the following results. 1. With the lengthening of time after death the growth area, wandering velocity and carbon-particled phagocytosis tend to decrease, and as for the vital staining the average stainability is increased, indicating the fall in the cell functions. However, the density of cell distribution of human neutrophils in the growth zone is higher at 12 hoursf ater death than that immediately after death, but the growth index is also lower than that immediately after death. 2. As for the bone-marrow tissue culture according to the lengths of postmortem time, 120 hours after death in femur and 7 days in rabbits are the maximum limit permissible to enable the culture of the bone-marrow. 3. Both in human and rabbits the diminution in the bone marrow functions becames striking the period between 48 to 72 hours after death as the demarcation line.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558718-11959再生不良性貧血における副腎皮質機能に関する研究 第3編 患者の副腎皮質機能46134627ENJiroKurozumiWith a view to clarify the cause of hypoplastic anemia the author studied the adrenal cortical function in patients with this disease, and obtained the following results. 1. The basic metabolic rates show not any definite inclinations. 2. In the insulin tolerance test, the insulin index has been found to have declined. 3. As for electrolytes in serum, chlorine is decreased but phosphorus is increased to a high degree, and ratio Na/K is slightly high while calcium, sodium and potassium show no definite inclinations. 4. Robinson-Power-Kepler water test is almost positive. 5. On measuring 17-KS and free chemocortioids (Ch. C.) excreted in the urine, the amount of 17-KS is decreased conspicuously but Ch. C. is increased. 6. In the gel-ACTH loading test the adrenal cortical reserve function has been found to have declined highly. 7. From these facts stated above, it is possible to assume that there is a decline in the adrenal cortical function in this disease.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558717-11959網内系機能に関する研究 第一編 骨髄機能と網内系機能の関連に就て40314041ENAkitoshiNakayamaExamining the functions of RES in patients with various blood diseases and in rabbits with experimentel anemia by Congo-red method advocated by Adler and Reimann and by the technique of carbon-particle phagocytosis in the subcutaneous tissue according to Sugiyama, the author studied the relationship between the hematopoiesis in bone marrow and the functions of the reticuloendothelial system (RES); and obtained the following results. 1. The Congo-red indices of various blood diseases are 71.9 in essential hypochromic anemia; 72.2 in hookworm anemia; 72.2 in Banti's disease; 72.7 in hypoplastic anemia; and 74.4 in leukemia, all showing about an equal degree of the diminution in the functions of RES. 2. As for the results of examinations of the RES functions in the rabbits with various experimental anemia whose hematopoietic functions of the bone marrow are disturbed by the injection of benzol, saponin, collargol, or irradiation of X-rays, not only the functions of the RES are disturbed but also the degree of anemia has been found to parallel to a certain extent with the change in the RES functions. Furthermore, in the blooddepleted anemia whose hematopoietic functions of the bone marrow are accelerated, the functions of RES have bean likewise accelerated. From these facts the functions of RES seem to be closely associated with the hematopoietic functions of the bone marrow. However, in the case of phenylhydradine anemia, despite the acceleration in the hematopoietic functions of the bone marrow, the functions of RES have been decreased. This seems to be due to the fact that RES is forced tc phagocytose and dispose of the decomposed substances of erythrocytes arising out of the hemolysis by phenylhydradine and therefore, the phagocytotic ability of RES for foreign substances is on the whole diminished. 3. In the examinations of the RES functions the change in the Congo-red index has generally paralleled with the change in the degree of the carbon-particle phagocytosis in the subcutaneous tissue.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558717-11959肺結核症における化学療法に関する臨床的並びに実験的研究 第一編 肺結核症における化学療法の肝臓機能に及ぼす影響に関する臨床的研究―肺結核症における肝臓機能障碍について―38373851ENKanesukeNumataAs the basic study to elucidate the influences of chemotherapy on the liver function in lung tuberculosis the author summarily conducted various clinico-chemical examinations of the liver function in 126 cases of lung tuberculosis and studied the disturbances of the liver function in this disease. 1. Changes in the serum protein picture is especially marked, and by a decrease in albumin with the proportionate increase in globurin the rate of the decrease in A/G reaches as much as 52.4 per cent, showing in addition a significant correlation between the serum protein picture and the clinical of lung tuberculosis. 2. There is a significant mutual relationship between the clinical symptoms of lung tuberculosis and results of various examinations such as Gros' reaction, Takata' reaction, CCF, Ch-E and TTT tasts, revealing a high degree of disturbances in the liver parenchym in the advanced exsudative and open cases. 3. The case showing a rise in the icteric index is extremely rare, and there is not a single case that presented icteric sign as the result of the estimation of total bilirubin, cholesterol, and alkaliphosphatase. 4. Looking over the entire cases, the disturbances in the liver function have been recognized in 23.8 per cent; namely, 12.7 per cent in the minimal cases; 29.2 per cent in the moderately advanced cases; and 45.5 per cent in the far advanced cases. Although there is a mutual relationship between symptoms and the liver disturbance, there can be found not one case showing a critical disturbance. 5. From these results it is believed that the functional disturbance of the liver in lung tuberculosis is a mild symptom consisted mainly of the disturbance in the protein metabolism, caused by the chronic infection. 6. As for the routine work in the examination of the liver function in lung tuberculosis it is justifiable to conduct examinations of the serum protein picture, especially the picture of albumin and A/G, Gros' reaction, Takata' reaction, CCF, and Ch-E or TTT tests, and BSP test if necessary. It is moreover advisable to examine the icteric index for detection of the icteric sign, and to estimate the quantity of total bilirubin, cholesterol and alkaliphosphatase if necessary. 7. Although the results of such examinations are not specific to the lung tuberculosis, it is considered that the all-round examination has an extremely significant bearing on the accurate prognosis as these results coincide well with the intensity and progress of the disease.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558716-21959放射線障害の血清学的研究 第II編 被働性皮膚過敏症に及ぼすX線の影響について33813392ENSadaoMurakamiGuinea pigs were sensitized with anti-egg-albumin rabbit serum with various intervals after the whole body x-irradiation. Twenty-four hours later 0.1cc of antigen of 1, 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001% were injected on the abdominal skin intracutaneously. Arthus' phenomenon was observed after twenty four hours. The results were as follows: 1) By 200r x-irradiation, Arthus' phenomenon was mostly restrained on the 7th day after the exposure and returned to normal later but showed a tendency to incraese on the 28th day. The area of skin-redness at Arthus' phenomenon became small on the 7th day after exposure, and returned to normal later but showed a tendency to enlarge on the 28th day after the exposure. 2) By 400r irradiation, Arthus' phenomenon was mostly restrained on the 7th day and the area of skin-redness was scarecely observed. 3) Arthus' phenomenon by the method with Evans-blue injected intraveously as an index showed the largest area of the skincolouring on the 7th day after 200r x-irradiation without showing any clear margin. It returned normal afterwards. On the 28th day, the area of the skin-colouring was small with a clear margin. 4) After the 200r exposure, while the epidermis group was atrophic, pathological changes of skin were not so marked in general.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558716-21959ラットにおけるHistamineの尿中排泄に関する研究 第2報 Histamineの尿中排泄に対する諸種Histamine遊離物質及びHistamine遊離に影響を及ぼす物質の作用32893299ENKazujiKondoWith the administration of histamine there occurs a transient increase of the urinary excretion of free histamine in the female rat being loaded with water and whose urine being collected every 30 minutes. In the previous paper (Folia pharmacol. japon. 54, 1221, 1958) it was reported that such an increase is dependent upon the basal rate (a) of the urinary excretion of histamine and the amount (b) of histamine excessively excreted after intraperitoneal injection of a limited amount of histamine and that there is a relationship of b/a=k (k stands for constant pertaining dose). On the basis of these findings and taking the increase in the urinary excretion of histamine as an index, the author compared the potency and time course of in vivo histamine release as demonstrated by sinomenine hydrochloride, Compound 48/80, quinine hydrochoride, sodium cholate, dextran, egg white, decylamine and Tween 20, administered intraperitoneally. Judging from the relationship between the degree of the increase in the urinary excretion of histamine and the amount of the substances being administered, the histamine-releasing ability of these substances was found to be in the order of; Compound 48/80>decylamine>sinomenine>sodium cholate>quinine, Tween 20>dextran and egg white. Of them, Compound 48/80 and sinomenine showed the increase in the urinary histamine exactly identical with that observed after histamine administration, taking the shortest time course; while in the cases of quinine, sodium cholate, dextran, and egg white the increase was somewhat slower; and by decylamine and Tween 20 it developed most slowly yet most persistently.
In the rats previously treated with guaiazulene, cortisone, aminopyrine or cinchophen sodium, increases in the urinary excretion of histamine by all the releasers mentioned above were similarly inhibited. Since mechanisms of histamine release action are not the same by different releasers, it seems that the action of these inhibitors is of such a nature as to be manifested at a common stage involved in different patterns of the mechanism of histamine release. Such an action of cortisone was more marked in a relatively small dose rather than in a large dose, suggesting presence of an adequate amount of this steroid to be used for the manifestation of this action. The histamine-releasing ability of egg white was inhibited in the alloxan-diabetic rat, while on the contrary, it was greatly accelerated in the insulin-treated rat. Such an effect of alloxan was completely antagonized by an adequate amount of insulin. However, in the rat with glycosuria induced by glucose administration, sensitivity to egg white was not altered. Succinic acid or oxaloacetic acid given with the purpose to inhibit the formation of keton bodies, could not eliminate the above mentioned alloxan effect. Both alloxan and insulin did not in any way modify the histamine-releasing effect of sinomenine.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558716-21959トキソホルモンに依る家兎の貧血に関する研究 第2編 トキソホルモン注射による家兎肝カタラーゼ，血液カタラーゼ，血清鉄について32093216ENAtsumiHanaokaLiver catalase, blood catalase and serum iron were determined in rabbit following injection of Toxohormone, a special toxic substance in the cancer tissue, for studying the each relationship.
Results obtained were as follows: 1) Liver catalase activity was markedly decreased. 2) No changes in blood catalase, blood catalase index and hemoglobin catalase index were noted. 3) Serum iron was noticeably decreased, preceding decrease in red cells and blood hemoglobin. It has been considered that the iron was adsorbed and seized by the action of Toxohormone, resulting the decrease in the liver catalase followed by anemia.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558714-11959本態性萎黄貧血の下垂体副腎皮質系に関する研究 第3編 Screening Testによる物質代謝について12371251ENShomiYamamotoWith a view to clarify the cause of idiopathic hypochromic anemia the author studied the function of the adrenocortical system, this time, by observing the changes in the tissue metabolism through the screening test. 1. The basal metabolic rate showed a slight increase and it was mcstly increased in males while it was mostly at the normal level in females. 2. As for serum inorganic substances chlorine was decreased but sodium and phosphate were increased; and the ratio Na/K was high, showing irregular tendency in the function of the pituitary adrenocortical system involving the mineral metabolism. 3. By Robinson-Power-Kepler water test 29.4per cent showed positive rate, indicating a slight fall in the function of the pituitary adrenocortical system involved in hydroelectrolytic metabolism. 4. In the insulin tolerance test the insulin tolerance index and a decline in insulin resista nce and recovery of hypoglycemia were found to have decreased slightly. However, by treatment the insulin resistance improved but the recovery of hypoglycemia rather became worse.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15581027-81990白アリ防除剤に関する実験的研究 第1編 有機リン系薬剤およびクロロナフタリン系薬剤のラット肝ミトコンドリアの酸化的リン酸化に対する作用について989996ENRitsueSakaiThe effect of organic phosphates and chloronaphthalenes, which are used in new pesticides on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the rat liver was examined.
Chlorpyrifos and phoxim decreased State 3 respiration in a dose-dependent manner, but pyridaphenthion, α-and β-chloronaphthalene had only a slight effect. Degree of their effect in the order of chlorpyrifos > phoxim > β-chloronaphthalene > α-chloronaphthalene > pyridaphenthion. Chlorpyrifos, pyridaphenthion, α-and β-chloronaphthalene affected on the State 4 respiration, but phoxim did not. Consequently, they lowered the respiratory control index and the effect being in the order of chlorpyrifos > β-chloronaphthalene > phoxim > α-chloronaphthalene > pyridaphenthion. All the compounds tested stimulated latent ATPase activities, but DNP - stimulated ATPase activities were not affected by these compounds. Their effect on latent ATPase activities were in the descending order of chlorpyrifos > phoxim, β-chloronaphthalene > α chloronaphthalene > pyridaphenthion.
These findings suggest that chlorypyrifos, pyridaphenthion, phoxim, α-chloronaphthalene and β-chloronaphthalene impede mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X4551991Effects of beta-adrenergic blocking agents on specific binding of [3H]D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalinamide and [3H]naloxone.295299ENHaruhikoTakayamaNorioOgawaMasatoAsanumaHiroshiHirataToshioOguraZensukeOtaArticle10.18926/AMO/32199<p>To gain further insight into the central nervous system (CNS)-action of beta-adrenergic blocking agents (beta-blockers), we examined the effects of various kinds of beta-blockers on opioid receptors (Op-Rs) using radiolabeled receptor assay (RRA). We demonstrated that beta-blockers are competitively bound to Op-Rs in the CNS. Sodium index of beta-blockers in [3H]naloxone binding study indicated that beta-blockers had the mixed agonist-antagonist activity of opiates. The relative potency of beta-blockers in opioid RRA was negatively correlated with their membrane stabilizing activity. Neither beta-blocking activity nor intrinsic sympathomimetic activity was correlated with IC50 values of beta-blockers in opioid RRA. While it is widely accepted that beta-blockers have a tranquilizing activity, a part of the tranquilizing action of beta-blockers may be mediated through Op-Rs in the CNS. Although beta-blockers may have effects on their own receptors (beta-receptors) in the CNS, the more precise mechanisms of central action of these drugs must be further investigated.</p>
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713311998Recognition Index of Part and Unit by Discrimination Characteristics3945ENYoshiomiMunesawaHirokazuOsakiYasuhiroKajihara10.18926/19612In this paper, we propose a recognition index to evaluate the complexity of discrimination among parts and units. The parts and units are classified into some groups (the number of groups is shown as n) by one characteristic, such as color, shape, size and so on. The recognition index of each is denoted as log(2) (n+1) by the information quantity formula. The recognition diagram shows the classfication of parts and units into only one part and unit by the structure of a characteristic. Further we propose the line balancing method for assembly line based on the working time and recognition index.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558715-21959岡山県に発生せる流行性肝炎病原体の研究特に孵化鶏卵に依り分離せるウイルスに就て 第2編 分離ウイルスの性状に就て26532659ENJutaroTawaraThe author studied the virological characters of the virus isolated by the Chick-embryo technic, and obtained the following results: Inoculation of the virus into the chorio-allantoic cavity of the 7 day old chick-embryo killed the chick-embryo on the 5th to 7th day after inoculation. The serial passage could be carried out by inoculation of the chorio-allantoic fluid or the chick-embryo liver, of which the latter gave a better result. The amniotic inoculation could kill the chick-embryo on the 4th to 5th day after inoculation, but LD(50) was lower than that by the chorio-allantoic route. The yalk sack inoculation could not give a good result. As for the distribution of the virus by chorio-allantoic inoculation, the virus could be best proved in the chick-embryo, particularly in the liver, the next in the chorio-allantoic fluid and very few in the other parts. The isolated virus easily passed Seitz E. K., Berkefeld N. and also Berkefeld W., though somewhat difficult through the last one; this fact suggests that the isolated virus is pretty small one. Though the infectious index of the virus to the chick-embryo varied with the generations of the passage, the average for 10 to 20 generations was 8.0. The isolated virus could be well preserved in the glycerin-salt solution.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558715-11959悪露に関する研究 第2編 悪露の塗抹細胞像に就て24072413ENYukioTottoriIn order to investigate the cytological pictures of lochia and influences by sex hormones, the cytological examination by Papanicolaou's staining was daily performed on lochia of 80 normal and abnormal puerperas during the 7 days after delivery. The discharge was taken from the posterior fornix of vagina by usual small sponge. Ishikawa's classification was employed for that of vaginal epithelial cells. The percentage of the keratinized cells (keratinization-index) was obtained by microscopic examination performed to avoid the thickend parts as far as possible. The result derived from the observations is as follows, 1) Although the cytological pictures of lochia markedly differ with the individual patients, there is present the definite picture with the process of puerperum. 2) The change of keratinization-index is one of the most reliable basis for diagnosing the transition of the cytological pictures, in which the 10 th gestational month shows the lowest value, beginning to rise at the onset of labor and then the highest is obtained on the first day of postpartum, after which time the rapid lowering is found. 3) The keratinization-index does not demonstrate the absolute quantity of estrogens, but the estrogenic activities as a whole in perplexing endocrine system. As has been stated, the cytological pictures of lochia demonstrate the definite changes after labor and, furthermore, have the close relationship to the sexual functions. This procedure is, therefore, of great importance for recognizing the healing process of puerperal involutions of genital organs and the transitions of the sexual functions.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558681-41956脳腫脹（脳浮腫）脳波の臨床的研究149ENKoichiNagai(1) The grade of the intensity of brain swelling observed in clinical symptoms and electroencephalogram was the highest in the cases with resection of the cortex and then decreased in the order of those with brain tumors etc., with explorative craniotomy and with lobotomy. The cases with air insufflation by ventricular or lumbar puncture, however, showed almost no changes in electroencephalography. (2) The decrease of the average number of alpha waves per second and the increase of the delta index became most striking in 1-4 postoperative days, then gradually recovered and returned to normal in 15-16 postoperative days, in the epileptics with coritcal resection. (3) The brain swelling was generally marked on the side of craniotomy, and more marked at the part of craniotomy and less at the distant part, with consideration of the frontal domination. (4) The electroencephalographic findings in the brain swelling, such as the changes of the delta index and alpha waves, were parallel with the clinical symptoms. But their appearance as well as their cessation were left a little behind the clinical symptoms. (5) The electroencephalographic changes were not always marked at the part of craniotomy. This is due to the characteristic fact that the frontal lobe reacts more actively i.e. the frontal domination. (6) The water content of the brain was measured in one case of autopsy, and the brain edema was ascertained to be more marked on the side of craniotomy than the other side. (7) The electroencephalographic findings represent the clinical features of the brain
swelling and have enough value for clinical application.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558715-11959小児神経系疾患のヒョリンエステラーゼに関ずる研究 第1篇 小児髄液ヒョリンエステラーぜに関する研究20112018ENYasuhikoEgusaAfter Reiss, Hemphill, the author estimated the cholinesterase values (Ch E) of the spinal fluid in normal infants and of those with disease of the nervous system by Warburg's manometer. As the result, it has been found that the Ch E of the spinal fluid in the nervous system disease fluctuates variously according to diseases, and that the greater is the acuteness of the disturbances, the higher is the tendency of the rise in the Ch E values. 1. The average Ch E value of the spinal fluid in 36 cases of normal infants ranging in age from six months to 15 years is 11.5±1.1 (the fluctuation range being within 7.3 to 16.0) and it rises along with age. The mutual index between the Ch E of the spinal fluid and age is 0.88, showing a strong mutual relationship; but no difference by sex can be recognized 2. The Ch E values in 14 cases with polyradiculoneuritis showing the so-called Guillain-Barre syndrome are elevated, especially high around 10 to 30 days after the onset of disease, and the fluctuation coincides well with the symptoms of posterior radicular irritation. In Heine-Medin disease the Ch E is normal or slightly elevated, but it is clearly lower than that in the Guillain-Barre syndrome, showing significant differences between 10 and 20 days or 20 and 30 days respectively after the onset of disease with 5 per cent margin of error. 3. In Guillain-Barre syndrome and Heine-Medin disease the mutual indices between the Ch E value of the spinal fluid and the protein content are 0.84 and 0.61 respectively, demonstrating the mutual relationship. Moreover, the mutual indices between the Ch E of the spinal fluid and the cell count in both diseases are only 0.01 and 0.004 respectively. 4. In viral diseases with exception of herpangina which shows no disturbances of the nervous system, Ch E values in Japanese encephalitis, serous menignitis, herpesencephalitis. and parotiditic encephalitis all show an increasing tendency. 5. The Ch E in tuberculous meningitis and cerebral tumor show an increase in values, but in mental deficiency pigmentary xeroderma, and myasthenia the values stay normal.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558714-21959ビタミンB(2)およびCの各種単糖類の腸管内吸収におよぼす影響について 第2編 ビタミンCの各種単糖類の腸管内吸収におよぼす影響18271834ENMasuoMatsumotoThe author had the experiment infusing the several kinds of monosaccharide (glucose, xylose and galactose) to the intestinal canals of rats, and investigating the influence of Vitamin C upon the absorption of monosaccharide, and obtained the following results. 1) The injection of the proper quantity of Vitamin C was effective for the absorption of glucose to the intestinal canal, but the much injection did reduce the index of absorption. 2) The same action was seen at the absorption of galactose. 3) The injection of the proper quantity of Vitamin C had no influence upon the absorption of xylose. This can be said because the absorption of xylose (pentose) is difference with that of hexose as glucose, galactose and etc.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558714-21959ビタミンB(2)およびCの各種単糖類の膓管内吸収におよぼす影響について 第1編 ビタミンB(2)の各種単糖類の腸管内吸収におよぼす影響18191826ENMasuoMatsumotoThe author had the experiment infusing the several kinds of monosaccharide (glucose, xylose and galactose) to the intestinal canals of rats and investigating the influence of Vitamin B(2) upon the absorption of monosaccharide and obtained the following results: 1) The young animals have increased their weight by the injection of the proper quantity of Vitamin B(2). In this case, the rate of increase was proportionated to the quantity of injected Vitamin B(2). 2) Owing to the injection of the proper quantity of Vitamin B(2), the absorption index of glucose to the rat's intestinal canal became to rise. In this case, the rising rate was proportionated to the quantity of the injected Vitamin B(2). 3) Owing to the injection of the proper quantity of Vitamin B(2), the absorption index of galactose to the rat's intestinal canal became to rise. In this case, the rising rate was proportionated to the quantity of the injected Vitamin B(2). 4) The absorption index of xylose to the intestinal canal has no relation with the injection of Vitamin B(2). This can be said because the absorption of xylose (pentose) is difference with that of hexose as glucose, galactose and etc.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558714-21959本邦離乳食の研究 第V編 充分な医学的監理下に於ける離乳食摂取状態が乳児の身体発育に及ぼす影響16831688ENAfter making experiments concerning 50 infants under a perfect medical guidance, the following results were revealed by an investigation of the relation between their ingestion of "weaning food" and their bodily growth in the weaning period. (1) When the period before the beginning of weaning (about six months after birth) was compared with its completion time (about one year after birth), it was found that Kaup's index number rather rose at the completion time. (2) As to those infants whose Kaup's index number at the completion period of weaning became less than the index seen before the starting time, the amount and the percentage of calorie of milk taken daily are less than in the case of those infants whose index number became greater at the completion period than at the beginning. (3) The body-weight at the completion time of weaning seemed to have a close relation with the whole amount of calorie and protein daily taken by infants. (4) The body-weight at the completion time of weaning was still influenced by the weight at birth, but it was much slighter than before the start of weaning.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155870111958簡易骨髄組織培養法に関する研究 第二編 各種血液疾患々者骨髄に就いて40114023ENYasuzoOnoBy performing a series of bone-marrow tissue culture of patients with various blood diseases by simple method the author studied the tissue growht and the wandering velocity of mature neutrophils, and arrived at the following conclusions: 1. In the case of chronic myelogenous leukemia the tissue growth is excellent, but the wandering velocity of mature neutrophils is somewhat decreased. In the cases of acute myelogenous leukemia monocytic leukemia the rate of relative growht is somewhat lower than in the case of normal persons: and the wandering velocity of mature neutrophils shows a markedly low value. The boundary of the growth zone is sharply demarcated, and the cell density index is high, presenting the growth pattern chareteristic to leukemia. 2. In the case of hypoplastic anemia the tissue growth is extremely poor; and the wandering velocity of mature neutrophils is markedly low, showing an increase of fat cells in the explant. 3. In the case of Banti's disease the tissue growth is rather poor, and the wandering velocity of mature meutrophils is low. 4. In the case of essential hypochromic anemia both the tissue growth rate and the wandering velocity of mature neutrophils are identical with those of normal persons. 5. In the case of agranulocytosis the tissue growth is extremely poor, and showing no increase of fat cells in the explant, the treatment with ACTH, however, improves the bone marrow function strikingly. 6. In the case of pernicious anemia the wandering velociyt of mature neutrophils is accelerted by the presence of vitamin B(12) in the medium. These findings by this method of culture coincide almost exactly with those by the conventional method, and it is believed that this method can be widely used in clinics due to its simplicity manipulation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155870111958簡易骨髄組織培養法に関する研究 第一編 方法論並びに健康人骨髄に就いて40034010ENYasuzoOnoAlthough several noteworthy data have been obtained by clinical application of bonemarrow tissue culture, in view of the complexity of its procedures we have devised a simple method of bone-marrow tissue culture modified from the cover-slip method for the purpose of a still wider clincal application. By observing the bone marrow of the sternum of healthy persons by means of this method, the following results were obtained: 1. The medium was consisted of a drop each of normal human serum and vitamin B(12) solution placed on a tissue culture plate of our own device, and the best results were obtained by the vitamin B(12) solution (containing 100 r/cc) to be added to the serum; and the most suitable space-distance between the surface of the slideglass and the coverglass was in the range of 150-200 μ. 2. In the determination of the relative growth rate, cell-density index and the wandering velocity of mature neutrophils in the bonemarrow tissue culture of the sternum of healthy persons, within 24 hours of the culture the results obtained resemble quite closely to those obtained by the conventional method of tissue culture, proving that this method is sufficiently worthy of clinical application even though the shortening in the duration of arresttime in all cells can be observed.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155870101958結核症の貧血に関する実験的研究 第三編 網赤血球成熟現象より見たる海猽実験結核性貧血の成因について39193925ENUruoNishikazeIn the first report the author presented the normal ripening course of reticulocytes of guinea pig in vitro and in the second report demonstrated that there are two periods of anemia in the course of tuberculosis in guinea pig and in this paper the author reports the developing mechanisms of these tuberculous anemia. 1. The observation on the ripening course of reticulocyte and the life span of erythrocyte from the guinea pig in the primary anemia proved that this anemia observable 30-40 days after infection is due mainly to the accelerated destruction of erythrocyte overwhelmingly the marked proliferation of erythroid cells in bone marrow whith can generally be recognezed in this period. The marked recovery tendency observed in this anemia can be reasonably explained with the elevated bone marrow function and the increased RC Index. 2. In the secondary anemia it has been found that the life span of erythrocyte is rather prolonged as is calf cul ated from the prolonged maturing period of reticulocyte and the extremely lowered RC Index. But the erythropoietic function of the bone marrow is markedly depressed as is supposed from the cytological findings on the bone marrow. 3. Histological observation of the bone marrow revealed the accelerated erythropoiesis in the period of primary anemia and the fibrotic changes in the period of secondary anemia. The changes of viscera are intimately connected with stages and types of anemia as has been described in the second report.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558713-21959肺結核症に於ける肺機能の研究 第1篇 肺結核症に於ける換気機能11731184ENNozomuYamamotoIn 250 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were preoperative or undergoing no operation, and in 5 normal persons, the function of ventilation was examined since March 1953, and the following results were obtained. 1) The function of ventilation in normal persons at rest was almost the same as the report of other investigators, the proportion of vital capacity of the right to left lung being 51.2/48.8. 2) In pulmonary tuberculosis, slight cases presented similar function to that of normal persons, while the functional disturbance was marked as the lesion in pulmonary parenchyma was extensive. The functional disturbance. however, was not so prominent that many serious cases still presented standard values. 3) In pleural callosity and bronchial stenosis the function of ventilation was markedly disturbed. In the former a restrictive disturbance of ventilation was observed, while in the latter an obstructive disturbance as well as a tendency toward emphysema was recognized, both of which were marked, according as the fibrosis of the pulmonary parenchma became extensive. In general, severe cases of pulmonary tuberculosis displayed a mixed type of the obstructive and restrictive disturbances of ventilation due to the coexistence of the extrapulmonal factor and bronchial lesion described above. 4) Functional tests such as hypoxia and physical exercise are highly significant for the purpose of demonstrating potential disturbances which are not recognized at rest. In these tests it was found that slight or moderate cases with pulmonary tuberculosis still possessed sufficient reserve capacity of ventilation, while severe cases who did not reveal marked hypofunction at rest becauseof the compensatory activity, often displayed decompensation following these loading cited above, presenting a decreased oxygen saturation in the arterial blood, which was especially marked in cases with pulmonary fibrosis. The oximetric value in the test of respiratory arrest is not found sufficient for the index of the evaluation of the function.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15587071958低血圧, 低体温麻酔の脳波及び脳浮腫に及ぼす影響に関する実験的研究 第2編 低体温麻酔の脳波及び脳浮腫に及ぼす影響について23412354ENSusumuNambaIt is known that the hypothermic anesthesia with autonomic nerve blocking agents causes not only less bleeding, but also prevents shock or brain edema which is often seen in craniotomy. The author studied these effects of potentiated narkosis or hypothermia from the view point of electroencephalogram and brain water content. With intraperitoneal injection of 10% Dial solution for premedication in all cases and with chlorpromazine as the blocking agent, dogs were anesthetized by intratracheal intubation with ether, and were cooled by ice bags until the rectal temperature became about 34°~32℃. And the following results were obtained. In the group of potentiated narkosis with Dial and chlorpromazine, the decrease of delta index was seen and the brain water contents showed no change compared with the contrast group. In the group of hypothermia with chlorpromazine, the decrease of delta index was seen and the brain water content showed no change. In the group of hypothermic anesthesia with chlorpromazine and ether, the result was the same as the former group. By this study it was explained that these effects are not only due to less dose of anesthetic agents in combination with autonomic nerve blocking agents, but also to the rare occurrence of the cerebral anoxia, and that the hypothermia is effective to prevent brain edema in craniotomy. It is also considered that the oxygen inhalation during and after the operation may preveit the so-called brain swelling.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15587071958低血圧, 低体温麻酔の脳波及び脳浮腫に及ぼす影響に関する実験的研究 第1編 低血圧麻酔の脳波及び脳浮腫に及ぼす影響について23212340ENSusumuNambaMany reports have recently concerned the problems that the hypotension with autonomic nerve blocking agents are effective to prevent shock or brain edema which are often seen in craniotomy. The author studied these effects of anesthesia from the view points of electroencephalogram and brain water content. With intraperitoneal injection of 10% Dial solution for premedication, and with C(6) or Trapon as the hypotensive agents, dogs were anesthetized by endotracheal intubation with ether. In the contrast group with only Dial and ether, the increase of delta index in E.E.G. as well as that of the free and total water were seen with the lapse of time after craniotomy. In the group of hypotension (70~80 mm Hg) only with C(6) or Trapon, the increase of delta index was not seen and the brain water content showed no change. In the group of hypotension with C(6) or Trapon combined with ether anesthesia, slight decrease of delta index was seen and the brain water content showed no change. From these results, it is proved that anesthesia with simple barbiturate or ether causes anoxia of the nerve cells, resulting in brain edema and that hypotension is effective to prevent it.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15587061958骨髄体外培養組織の切片染色による細胞学的研究 第3編 各種実験的貧血家兎骨髄体外培養組織について（附 全編の総括）20932103ENYoshiyukiHattoriAfter perfoming bone marrow tissue culture of various experimental anemias in rabbits, the follwing conclusions were drawn: 1. The accelerated bone marrow function in the anemic rabbit depleted of blood can not be maintained in culture. In the culture the mitotic index falls below that of normal rabbit, and also cell degeneration occurs earlier. 2. Mitosis of bone marrow from normal rabbit is accelerated in the serum of blood-depleted anemic rabbit. 3. The bone marrow function of anemic rabbit induced by collargol administration for a long period of time is highly deteriorated, while in the case given for a short time, disturbances of maturation and multiplication of cells, and inhibition of cells wandering out due to the proliferation of reticulo-endothelial cells in the outer region of the explant can be recognized. 4. In the bone marrow of the rabbit exposed to X-ray the start of mitosis is checked, and also maturation and migration of cells are disturbed. 5. In the bone marrow of the rabbit injected with P(32) mitotic disturbances can be recognized by the rate of acceleration of cell function, and in the case injected with a large doze of P(32) maturation and wandering capacity of cells are disturbed.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15587061958骨髄体外培養組織の切片染色による細胞学的研究 第2編 健康人,骨髄性白血病患者及び再生不良性貧血患者骨髄体外培養組織について20812091ENYoshiyukiHattoriIn the observation on the tissue culture of bone marrow from normal persons, myelogenous leukemic and aplastic anemic patients the following conclusions were arrived at: 1. Like in the case of bone marrow tissue culture of rabbits, in the bone marrow tissue culture of normal persons wandering cells wander out from the explanted bone marrow, thus forming a growth zone; and at the same time cells without wandering capacity make their appearance in the center of the growth zone. In culture immature cells mature, and having the peak of mitotic index at the 12-hour culture, it rises and falls. In the explant of bone marrow after 4 to 5 days interstitial cells proliferate and the bone marrow tissue loses its peculiarity. Namely, even in the bone marrow tissue culture of the human, the bone marrow cell functions of maturation, multiplication and migration have been recognized again. 2. In the bone marrow tissue culture of myelogenous leukemia the cell maturation in the explanted bone marrow is delayed, and in that of acute form even cultured for a long period of time immature cells can not mature completely and they degenerate in the explanted bone marrow. Although the cell density is high and many immature cells appear in the growth zone, the boundary of growth zone in acute form is clear-cut and in chronic form many matured cells can be observed around the boundary of growth zone. The mitotic index in clture in chronic form maintains a higher value than that in normal person, but in acute form it falls along with the lapse of time. 3. In the tissue culture of aplastic anemia both maturation and mitosis are obstructed, and an increase and enlargement of fat cells, and an increase in mast cells can be recognized.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15587061958骨髄体外培養組織の切片染色による細胞学的研究 第1編 正常家兎骨髄体外培養組織について20692080ENYoshiyukiHattoriIn the observations carried on section specimens prepared from the explanted bone marrow tissue of normal rabbits, the following results were obtained: 1. In the regular culture method wandering cells, wandering out of the explanted bone marrow piece, form a growth zone and also cells without wandering capacity appear in the center of the growth zone. In culture immature bone-marrow cells reach maturity, and the mitotic index, having its peak at the 12-hour culture, fluctuates up and down. Namely, in the present study it has been clarified that not only bone marrow cells wander out but also maturation and mitosis take place in bone marrow culture. After 4-5 days' culture interstitial cells grow actively and also fibroblasts are observed to proliferate. 2. Vitamin B(12) helps to promote the mitosis and maturation of bone marrow cells. 3. Folic acid acts on bone marrow in the same manner as vitamin B(12) though to a lesser degree. 4. Nitoromin inhibits the mitosis of bone marrow cells and promotes the degeneration of granular leucocytes. 5. Carzinophilin like nitromin inhibits the mitosis and promotes the cell degeneration. 6. A simple tissue culture method is not simply for supravital observation, but it induces bone marrow cells to wander out, mature, and also induces mitosis although it is inferior to the regular method of tissue culture.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15587041958各種動物の骨髄体外組織培養 第1編 組織増生並びに遊走細胞の観察12911302ENTaizoSuenagaBy conducting a series of tissue culture with bone marrow obtained from mammals (mice, albino rats, guinea pigs, cats and dogs), birds (chicken and pigeons), and cold blooded animals (frogs) the author studies the rate of tissue growth and wandering cells, and obtained the following results. 1) As for the growth area, the explant in culture grows up to 72 hours in the cases of albino rats, guinea pigs and cats, while in the case of other animals the growth continues almost up to 48 hours. However, in the case of mature dogs the growth ceases within 24 hours, and the relative growth in the cases of mature dogs and frogs presents a marked decrease. 2) In comparing the index of the cell density at the 24-hour culture, it is markedly lower in the cases of dogs and frogs, whereas in other animals it is over 50. 3) Myeloblasts, promyelocytes and myelecytes of all these animals have no active wandering capacity, and at the stages of maturation later than metamyelocytes cells show the wandering capacity. Neutrophils and pseudoeosinophils show the most active pseudopoid movement. 4) As for the wandering capacity of basophilocytes, the lower the species of animals the poorer is their wandering capacity. However, as for the wandering capacity of eosinophils, lymphocytes and monocytes no marked difference in the wandering capacity can be observed among different animals. Motility of thrombocytes can be observed and moreover, even in species lower than birds, a slight pseudopoid movement of spindle cells can be recognized. 5) Comparing the wandering velocity of neutrophils and pseudo-eosinophils of various animals, with exception of dogs that show generally a decrease, no marked difference in the maximum wandering velocity among them. As for the duration of wandering, with one or two exceptions, generally the lower the species the shorter is the duration. 6) In comparing various plasma such as those of dog, man, rabbit and chicken as the medium for bone marrow culture of the dog, dog plasma gives the best relative-growth value as well as the highest wandering velocity of neutrophils.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558737-91961フローセン麻酔時における呼吸および循環動態に関する臨床的研究 第2編 フローセン麻酔の循環動態に関する臨床的研究609627ENTakujiTodani1) Eighty four patients aged between 24 and 64 years were utilized for this study with 2% F-O inhalation for 25 minutes or with 2% F-O for 5, 10 and 15minutes followed by 1% F-O. The maximam B. P., pulse rate, and pulse pressure were analysed. Atropine was used in some cases as a preoperative medication. Another group of 15 patients, having been inserted a tracheal tube under consciousness, was checked on cardiac-output, -index, stroke volume, circulatory blood volume and total peripheral resistance both before and 15 minutes after 2% F-O anaesthesia. Bennett assistor was used in some cases. EKG observation was also done. 2) In case of 2% F-O anaesthesia. an immediate decrement of BP was found in value of about 40 mmHg. Atropine seemed to be little effective against the decrement. 3) A recovery of the BP decrement was observed when 2% F-O was replaced by 1% F-O. 4) Although bradycardia was observed during the anaesthesia of both 1% and 2% F-O, atropine could absolutely inhibit it. 5) The decreased pulse pressure at F-O anaesthesia is apt to be furthermore intensified by preoperative medication of atropine. This is one of the criteria against the regular routine preoperative medication of atropine and to suggest that the side-effects of F-O anaesthesia in circulation and respiration should be taken account under the base of controling the F-O concentration. 6) It seems to be apparent that the BP drop by F-O inhalation is mainly due to the central inhibition of vasomotor system with the secondary dilatation of peripheral vessels, in addition to the inhibiting mechanism of cardiac muscle which causes the decrement of cardiac output. 7) EKG obsevations reveal a vagotonic state with nodal rhythm at F-O anaesthesia in most cases. Ischemia of cardiac muscle manifesting flattening or invertion of T-wave can not be observed. The improvement of preoperative EKG would rather be found in a number of cases.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15587011958骨髄体外組織培養による急性瀉血家兎骨髄の態度に関する研究 第1編 急牲瀉血が家兎大腿骨々髄の増生面積に及ぼす影響に就て4961ENTetsuroNumamotoThe author investigated from various angles behaviours of bone marrow of rabbits in acute bleeding anemia by bone marrow tissue culture. After acute bleeding of 20 cc./kg. of each rabbit, the recovery mechanism in the bone marrow has been compared with that of the normal rabbits by measuring the relative growth rate and the index of cellular density of the bone marrow in hanging drop culture at intervals of 1, 3, 5, 8, 12 and 24 hours as well as 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 28 days after bleeding. It has been found that the growth area begins to decrease inmmediately after bleeding and shows the minimum value 5 hours after bleeding, but 12 hours afterwards it starts increasing and relative growth rate 24 hours after bleeding has increased 1.80 times that of the control; 2 days later 2.03 times; 3 days afterwards 2.29 times; 5 days later 2.37 times; and the maximum of accerelation of bone marrow mechanism has been found around 3-5 days after bleeding. The growth rate, which thus reaches the maximum 5 days after bleeding, begins to decrease thereafter and becomes nearly equal with that of the normal rabbits around 10-14 days afterwards.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558731-31961病的生体の血液保存による血液性状の変化に関する研究 第T編 病的生体に関する臨床的研究4148ENTakeshiMinamiThe most adequate screening test to find out the pathological state in stored blood donors was studied. In-patients of pulmonary tuberculosis and other various diseases were examined. The various properties of their blood elements and the organ functions were as follows: 1) Pathological properties were; 37.7% in hippuric acid systhesis, 65.5% in BSP test, 55.3% in zinc sulphate turbidity, 60.3% of γ-Gl quantity, 65.4% in A/G index, 56.7% in serum T-Ch (Total-cholesterin) quantity, 49.5% in total protein content, 63.7% in red corpuscule sedimentation 68.8% in Congored index, 48.1% in Thorn's adrenalin test, 36.4% in respiratory equivalent and 50% in lung power. 2) The examinations, which showed positive results above half, were serum T-Ch quantity, red corpuscle sedimentation, Congored index and lung power test etc. 3) From the results mentioned above, the examination of liver function, serum T-Ch quantity, red corpuscle sedimentation and Congored test etc. are significant to determine pathological states generally.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15587241960組織培養による骨髄諸細胞の螢光顕微鏡学的研究 第1編 螢光培養法（Fluorochrominized Bone Marrow Tissue Culture）に関する基礎的実験10971106ENSusumuWatanabeOf late many investigators have come to study blood cells with fluorescence microscope, but most of these works are carried out by supravital staining method only. Therefore, the author has attempted vital observations of bone marrow cells under the fluorescence microscope by adding fluorescent dye, acridine orange, to the medium of the simple tissue culture, the method devised in our department. For this study some fundamental studies have been conducted concerning the toxicity of dye, the selection of barrier filters, the secondary fluorescence of cells, and the influence of exciting rays on the cell growth; and obtained the following results. 1. After studying the relative growth rate, the cell density index, and the wandering velocity of neutrophils it has been found that. tissue culture is possible at low concentration, under 10(-4) of the medium with acridine orange. 2. Barrier filter, OG5 , is the most suitable one for the observation of the secondary fluorescence of the cell. 3. The concentration of the acridine orange medium at which the most distinct picture of fluorescence obtainable is at 10(-4) , and the concentration at 10(-5) is the minimum at which fluorescence can be recognized. 4. The ill effect on cells due to exciting rays may be eliminated by avoiding successive exposure to the rays. 5. The author has devised a medium for the bone marrow tissue culture, consisted of a drop of serum and a drop of physiological saline solution containing 80 γ / cc vitamin B(12) and 0.2 mg / cc acridine orange, and has designated this as the simple method of fluorochrominized bone marrow tissue culture.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15587221960脾臓の骨髄造血機能に及ぼす影響に関する実験的研究 第2編 剔脾脾他家移植及び脾エキスが家兎骨髄白血球系造血に及ぼす影響に就いて729743ENKoichiKitajimaIn order to observe the influences of spleen on the leucopoietic function of bone marrow the author performed the bone-marrow tissue culture (by cover-slip method) of rabbits, and obtained the following results. 1. In the observations on the bone-marrow tissue culture of the splenectomized rabbits conducted from time to time, the relative growth rate, the cell density index and the wandering velocity of pseudoeosinophils all show a transient acceleration with their peak around 4 to 7 days after the operation, while on the contrary the carbon particle phagocytic ability of pseudoeosinophils shows a transient fall. However, all these values return to respective levels of the control, normal rabbits without splenectomy, about 3 weeks after the operstion. 2. In the bone-marrow tissue culture of the rabbits transplanted with homoioplastic spleen conducted from time to time, the relative growth rate, the cell density index and the wandering velocity of pseudoeosinophils all show a transient fall around 5 to 10 days after the operation, but no marked change can be observed in the carbon particle phagocytic ability of pseudoeosinophils. However, all these values resurn approximately to those of the control, rabbits transplanted with normal kidney, about 30 days after the operation. 3. In the bone-marrow tissue culture of normal rabbits with addition of Ringer's solution of normal rabbit spleen extract, the extract at a higer concentration has a suppressing effect on the relative growth rate, the wandering velocity and the carbon particle phagocytic ability of pseudoeosinophils, while the extract at a lower concentration mostly gives a slightly accelerating effect. 4. From these results it seems that the spleen of normal rabbits with aid of some fluid agent adjusts the production of the leucocyte series of the bone marrow either suppressingly or acceleratingly. However, from the physiological aspect the suppressing action seems to be slightly superior and hence the over-production of the granulocyte series of the bone marrow as well as the incomplete maturation of granulocytes seem to be controled.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15587221960所謂バンチ氏病における副腎皮質機能に関する研究 第1編 患者における副腎皮質機能425436ENMiyukiObayashiWith a view to clarify the cause of so-called Banti's disease the author studied the adrenal cortical function in patients with this disease, and obtained the following results. 1. Elevation in the basal metabolic rates can be observed in many cases. 2. As for electrolytes in serum, sodium, potassium, chlorine and calcium are decreased, but phosphorus is increased to a high degree, while Na/K ratio is increased. 3. Robinsou Power-Kepler water test is positive in the majority of cases. 4. Blood sugar level in early morning is slightly high, and in the insulin sensitivity test, the insulin index has been found to have declined and restoration of lowered blood sugar is prolonged. 5. On measuring 17-KS and free chemocorticoids (Ch. C.) excreted in the urine, the amount of 17-KS is decreased conspicuously, but Ch. C. is increased slightly. 6. In the gel-ACTH loading test the adrenal cortical reserve function is declined. 7. After splenectomy the rate of the basal metabolism increases still further and the insulin sensitivity test yields about the normal values, but the adrenal cortical reserve function as observed by the gel-ACTH loading test does not show any change. 8. From these facts it is possible to assume that there is a decliue in the adrenal cortical function in this disease.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15587710-121965ステロイド糖尿病に関する臨床的研究 第2編 糖代謝に関する検討15311540ENKenichiKimuraA comparative study was undertaken to examinie the relationship between the cases with steroid diabetes developed after treating with glucocorticoids and the cases not developed after the same treatment, by means of various loading tests including glucose, insulin, prednisolone-glucose, tolbutamide and compound multiple amino acids performed before and after the treatment, The cases studied included of acute and chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. The results obtained are as follows. 1) Nine out of 14 case with the early developed type of steroid diabetes showed glucose assimilation index (KG) of diabetes mellitus before the treatment with glucocorticoids. Five out of 7 cases with the lately developed type showed KG indicated borderline value between normal healthy person and diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, abnormal KG was also seen in 19 out of 29 cases not developed steroid diabetes From these results it was found that there was no significant correlation between KG and development of steroid diabetes. 2) KG after glucocorticoid administration decreased in many of cases with the early developed type of steroid diabetes. On the other hand, KG in cases with the lately developed and not developed showed no significant change between before and after glucocorticoid administration. 3) Insulin sensitivity tended to decrease after glucocorticoid adminstration, but it was no significant difference as compared with that before glucocorticoid administration. Insulin sensitivity after glucocorticoid administration in cases with steroid diabetes developed tended to decrease as compared with that in cases not developed. 4) There was not always close relation between the influence of prednisolone on intravenous glucose tolerance test and the appearance of steroid diabetes. 5) Some of cases with the early developed type showed diabetic response in tolbutamide tolerance test, but no diabetic response was found in cases with the lately developed and not developed type. 6) The rate of increase in blood sugure, pyruvic acid and amino-N in blood and urine after giving glucocorticoid Its rate was found to be higher in cases with steroid disbetes deveoloped either early or lately as compared with cases not developed, showing the similar rate to that after administration of ths compound multiple amino acid in diabetes mellitus. 7) The rate of increase in blood sugure after administration of the compound multiple amino acids tended to be higher in cases treated with the combination of glucocorticoid and anabolic steroid as compared with cases treated with glucocorticoid alone. 8) There was no significant correlation between the results of various loading tests in cluding glucose, insulin, prednisolone-glucose, tolbutamide and compound multiple amino acids and the findings of biochemical liver function tests and liver biopsy.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558744-71962人骨格筋の電気生理学的ならびに組織学的研究 第2編 人骨格筋の筋線維の分化について487498ENTamotsuShinozakiMuscles of the rectus abdominis, the pectoralis major, the gastrocunemius and the tibialis anterior of the human being were stained with Sudan Black B in order to differentiate red and pale muscle fibers. 1. In the rectus abdominis, the ratio of red muscle fibers and pale muscle fibers is almost constant, and there is no relation between Rohrer's index and the ratio. Diameters of fibers vary with each muscle, but red muscle fibers are thinner than pale ones in average. 2. In the pectoralis major muscle, red muscle fibers are a little more than pale ones, but not significant. Diameters of red muscle fibers and that of pale ones are almost the same. 3. In the tibialis anterior muscle, red muscle fibers are more than pale ones, on the contrary in the gastrocunemius muscle, only 50% of muscle fibers are red. In both muscles red muscle fibers are a little thicker than pale ones in average. 4. Direct electrical stimulation on muscle does not change the stainability of the muscle to Sudan Bla k B. 5. The anterior tibialis muscle of the patient of dystrophia musculorus progressiva was exam ned by Sudan Black B staining.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558741-31962骨骼筋随意収縮の調節に関する誘発筋電図的研究 第1編 正常人の誘発筋電図におけるH波の振巾に関する研究313321ENIkuoNumotoAn lectromyographical examination was studied on the normal subject. The actionpotential _??_ the gastrocnemius muscle was recorded combining with the electrical stimulation on the tibial nerve. The record was consisted with two kinds of actionpotentials, the faster was called M-wave and considerd as the actionpotential by the direct stimulation on the efferent fibers, and the later was called H-wave (Hcffman's wave) and considerd as monosinaptic reflex actionpotential. 1. The H-wave and M-wave appeard to have rather unstable amplitude even by the same parameter of stimulation in the lower voltage, but showed more stable amplitude in the higher voltage on the same subject. At maximum stimulation for H-reflex, the fluctuation index of H-reflex amplitude was 5.4% , and the same of M-reflex amplitude was 7.9% . 2. No influense on the amplitude of H-reflex was observed by selective procaine bolck of γ fiber in the tibial nerve. 3. The fluctuation of H-reflex amplitude was increased by a voluntary contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle. 4. No relationship was observed between the fluctuation of H-reflex amplitude and respiratory movement.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558741-31962腎性貧血の成因に関する研究 第3編 骨髄の臨床組織培養法による白血球系並びに栓球系造血に関する研究7790ENShigeruArimoriThe hematopoietic function of the bone marrow of renal patients and influences of azotemia on the normal bone marrow were studied by means of clinical bone marrow tissue culture. The results obtained are as follows. 1) The marrow myelopoietic function of nephrotic patients was increased, when normal human serum was added to the medium. 2) The myelopoietic function in acute glomerulonephritis showed no significant change in regard to the cell density index but the relative growth rate and cellular migratory velocity were slightly decreased, when the bone marrow was cultured in a medium containing normal human serum. 3) When the bone marrow from patients with chronic glomerulonephritis was cultured in a medium containing normal human serum, the marrow function became activated in a slightly elevated NPN group while it became dep. essed in a highly elevated NPN group. 4) The bone marrow from uremic patients cultured in a medium containing normal human serum showed a growth pattern simulating that of hypoplastic anemia. The relative growth rate was half the control value and the migratory velocity of neutrophilic cells and cell density index were markedly decreased. 5) The bone marrow from patients with chronic renal insufficiency was cultured, to investigate the megakaryocytic function, in a medium containing normal human serum. There was reduction in both megakaryocyte number and percentage of motile forms of megakaryocytes appearing in the growth zone. 6) The normal bone marrow showed a reduced relative growth rate and migratory velocity of neutrophilic cells, when cultured in a medium containing azotemic serum. 7) Similarly, the megakaryocytic function became depressed by an addition of azotemic serum to the medium. From the evifence obtained, it appears that azotemia accompanying chronic renal insufficiency exerts a depressing action on both myelopoietic and megakaryocytic functions. It is conceivable that the bone marrow under such an inhibitory action of a long standing will gradually show a transition to a hypoplastic state.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558741-31962腎性貧血の成因に関する研究 第1編 腎疾患患者血液に関する臨床統計的研究4362ENShigeruArimoriThe nature of renal anemia has been obscure despite numerous investigations initiated by Bright (1836). The author conducted a statistical analysis, with purpose of elucidating the cause of renal anemia, on peripheral blood pictures and myelograms of a total of 136 patients (80 cases of acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, 35 cases of uremia, 14 cases of nephrosis and 7 cases of polycystic kidneys) being admitted to our department in the past 10 years, and obtained the following results. 1) The hemoglobin and RBC showed a inverse correlation with the NPN and the color index tended to be normochromic or hyperchromic in the presence of elevated NPN. 2) The leukocyte count, as a rule, was within normal limits except for leukopenia observed in severe and prolonged azotemia. 3) The absolute lymphocyte count in the peripheral blood was decreased in azotemia. 4) The platelet count had a inverse correlation with the NPN. 5) Nucleated cells in the bone marrow were decreased in number in severe azotemic cases. 6) Myelograms in azotemia revealed marked maturation arrest and depression of the erythroid series. 7) There was normal to slightly deceased cellularity of the myeloid series in azotemia. 8) The serum iron tended to show a proportional correlation with the NPN and a inverse correlation with the RBC. 9) The serum copper became elevated prior to the increase of the serum iron. 10) In azotemia many sideroblasts appeared in the bone marrow, the sideroblast ratio being over 1.0. 11) Sideroblastograms assumed the normal pattern in nephrosis and the hypoplastic pattern in uremia. In chronic glomerulonephritis there was the intermediate pattern of the two. From the results obtained, it is most likely that renal anemia results from the deleterious effects upon bone marrow hematopoiesis, particularly upon erythropoiesis of the noxious substances present in azotemia. Such a bone marrow dysfunction of severe degree and of prolonged duration would ultimately lead to the development of a clinical picture compatible with hypoplastic anemia.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15587771965急性肝炎時の胃幽門部，十二指腸における機能的ならびに器質的変化に関する研究 第2編 急性肝炎時の十二指腸粘膜生検組織像について9991016ENKenjiUedaFor the purpose to study histopathological conditions of the duodenum in acute hepatitis, biopsy examinations of the mucosa at the third part of duodenum were done under fluoroscopy by the intestinal biopsy capsule after Crosby. The subjects of the present study were 5 cases of normal controls and 12 patients with acute hepatitis admitted to our clinics, and on the latter group similar examinations were given at two stages; one at icteric stage and the other at convalescent stage. Biopsy specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Azan stain, Pap's method of a modified form of Bielschowsky's silver impregnation, Van Gieson's stain, and PAS-Schiff reaction. Each group of these specimens were prepared into 100 serial sections of 15μ in thickness, and theses were examined according to the following items: The length and width of villi, the arrangement and morphology of epithelial cells; the abnormality in the array of epithelial cell nuclei; the number of lymphocytes within vacuoles of epithelium; the number of goblet cells among epithelial cells; breakages of basement membrane: the lymphocytes in tunica propria; infiltration of plasmocytes, the thickness of mucosa, mitotic index in lacuna; and arrangement and morphology of epithelial cells in crypt; the number of lymphocytes in epithelial cells, the number of goblet cells among epithelial cells; exsdative pathological changes in the neck of crypt and in villi; and accumulation of mucus. As the result the following were obtained. For computing the mitotic index the method of Leblond was used. 1. Normal controls: The morphology of villi in normal controls may be classified into three; those of normal shape villi (88.5%). those of branching villi (8.4%), and those fused villi (3.0%). Average length of villi proved to be 487±57μ, average width of 140±41μ, and average thickness of mucosa 142±28μ. Histological findings were similar to those reported by other workers, but there could be observed some lymphocytes sparsely scattered in the edithelial cells. In no case, however, there could be detected eosinophils within epithelial cells. Mitotic index was fonnd to be 2.99±0.19. 2. Acute Hepatitis in icteric stage: As for the morphology of Villi at the icteric stage in acute hepatitis, some were mixed with short villi, and there were club-shaped villi (13.5%) and mushroom-shaped ones (8.6%). The length of villi tended to be shortened (413±53μ) and in parallel with this shrinkage the mitotic iudex was markedly decreased (1.87±0.59). However, there were no significant differences in the width of villi and the mucosal thickness as compared with those in normal controls. Histological findings revealed disarrangement of epithelial cells, and increase in the number of lymphocytes among epithelial cells, infiltration of lymphocytes and plasmocytes in tunica propria, an increase in goblet cells of villi and crypt, exudative pathological changes in between villi, as well as atrophy and exudative
inflammatory changes of duodenal mucosa at the icteric stage in acute hepatitis. 3. At the convalescent stage in acute hepatitis: Morphology of villi approaches to that of normal ones, but there could be obesvred long branching villi (16.7%) and average length of villi tended to increase (537±52μ). Paralleling with these changes, mitotic index increased (3.30±0.52). Histologically, no exudative and inflammatory changes were at all observed in villi and tunica propria.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155876101964肝循環動態に関する研究 第1編 肝疾患における肝循環動態とBSP試験の関係511520ENHidekiNanbaThe volume of hepatic blood flow was determined on a total of 100 hepatic diseass patients; acute hepatitis 2, chronic hepatitis 75, hepatocirrhosis 21 and fatty liver 2; by Galactose continual Infusion Method devised by Nakamura et al. At the same time, the correlation between state of hepatic circulation and BSP test was observed stochastically using as index the BSP test findings noted at time of initial out-patient examination and the BSP test find ings obtained within one week both prior to and after hepatic blood flow volume determination made following admission to the hospital. Further, comparisons were made with the hepatic tissue picture obtained by biopsy. The followresults were obtained. 1) The average value of the total hepatic blood flow Volume for the 100 hepatic disease cases was 857±46cc/min/M(2). The 49 cases with wedded hepatic venous pressure (WHVP), but without hepatic shunt flow had an average value of 135±21mm H(2)O. 2) A positive correlation with a coefficient of 0.69 was noted between WHVP and BSP test results. Further, an approximate value of 0.64 was demonstrated between the initial outpatient BSP test findings. In cases with WHVP of over 175mm H(2)O, the change-over rate to negative BSP test results following 3 to 4 weeks of hospitalization, bedrest and treatment
was 13.8% , and 71.1% for those with values of less than 175mm H(2)O. 3) A negative correlation with a coefficient of -0.34 was noted between effective hepatic blood flow volume and BSP test results. Further, anegative correlation of -0.27 was demonstrated between the initial out-patient ASP test findings. In cases with an effective hepatic blood flow volume of less than 500cc/min/M(2), the change-Over rate to negative BSP test results following 3 to 4 weeks of hospitalization, bedrest and treatment was 35.0%, while that of cases with volumes of over 500cc/min/M(2) was 48.9%. 4) A positive correlation with a coefficient of 0.55 was noted between rate of hepatic short circuit and BSP test results. A positive correlation of 0.50 was demonstrated between the initial outpatient BSP test findings. In cases with hepatic short circuit, the change-over rate to negative BSP test results following 3 to 4 weeks of hospitalization, bedrest and treatment was 1%, while that in those without hepatic short circuit was 63.3%. 5) Of the 42 cases with more than a moderate degree of hepatic cell degeneration and necrosis (includes 2 cases with negative BSP test findings from the beginning), 9 cases or 22.5% demonstrated normal BSP test findings following 3 to 4 weeks of hospitalization, bedrest and treatment, while of 58 cases with slight degeneration and necrosis (includes 2 cases with normal BSP test findings from the beginning), 24 cases or 82.8% became normal during the same short period of time. 6) A follow-up BSP test survey wase conducted on 30 chronic hepatitis cases whose BSP test findings at time of discharge had become normal, and aggravations were noted in 11. Among those with aggravations, 7 or 63.5% had hepatic circulatory abnormalities during hospitalization. 7) From the above findings, it has been shown that not only degeneration and necrosis of hepatic cells are related to the BSP test value, but a relationship is also noted between the state of hepatic circulation. Therefore, it is necessary to consider both together before making any decision.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558767-91964老壮年者の皮下脂肪厚に関する研究 第2編 高血圧者の皮下脂肪厚について399408ENChuichiroKosakaTwo hundred and eighty five subjects aged more than 40 were chosen. Relationship of skinfold thickness with serum cholesterol and lipoprotein (β+γ/α ratio) was studied in the
hyperensives. The results were as follows. 1) In she hypertensive skinfold thickness increased especially of the abdomen, 2) Significant correlation was found between shinfold thickness and ophthalmoscopic findings and between skin-fold thickness and STT changes in the EKG. 3) Lipoprotein ratio and serum cholesterol were higher in the female than in malc aged more than 40. There were found low both male and female aged about 60. 4) Lipoprotein, cholesterol and skinfold thickness of abdomen showed well correlation and the skinfold thickness was considered to be a valid index of the lipid metabolism.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558767-91964老壮年者の皮下脂肪厚に関する研究 第1編 正常老壮年者の皮下脂肪厚について393398ENChuichiroKosakaSkinfald thickness was measused in 102 subjects aged over 40 years using Keys's Caliper and its relationship by measuring points was considered. Furthermore it was studied in 307 normel subjects with blood pressure less than 150mmHg (systolic) and 90mmHg (diastolic), in order to investigate a variation of the skinfold thickness by the body build and occupation. Upper arm, abdomen and back ware chosen as a mesuring point. Following results were obtained.(1) The Skinfold thickness measured at three point were highly correlated among them. (2) The skinfold thichness revealed largest in abdomen. (3) The skinfold of the females, at each measusing point and each group, surpassed that of the males. (4) The skinfold thickness was largest in the subjects aged between 40 and 50 years in both sex. (5) Remarkable variation was seen in the skinfold thickness measured in abdomen and that mesured in back was considered to be best as a nutritional index. (6) Skinfold thickness measured in abdomen was considerablly larger in the sedentary workers. No significant difference was seen in the thickness between abdomen and back in the manual workers.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558793-41967脾臓組織培養に関する研究 第2編 培地の物理化学的条件の影響について139152ENKoichiShimazaki1) The author observed the influences of osmotic tension upon the clinical tissue culture of mouce's spleen. In the hypotonic medium, although the rate of relative growth was higher than in the isotonic medium, the cell density was lower and in the wandering velocity of lymphocytes no significant difference was shown. In the hypertonic medium the rate of relative gromth, the index of cell density and the wandering velocity of lymphocytes were lower than in the normal medium. 2) The author observed the influences of temperature upon the clinical tissue culture of mouce's spleen. The most suitable temperature to culture was from 35℃ to 37℃, and the range of temperature in which culture was possible was from 25℃ to 39℃. At 33℃ and 35℃ the progress of degenerative process was delayed. 3) In order to observe the influences of hydrogen ion concentration of media upon the clinical tissue culture of mouce's spleen, the author cultured by adding the various concentration of hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide in the medium. In acid medium the growth was possible even by adding 1/100 N hydrochloric acid, and in alkaline medium the culture was possible even by adding less than 1/500 N sodium hydroxide. All the rate of relative growth, the index of cell density and the wandering velocity of lymphocytes, except the rate of relative growth in the medium adding 1/1000 N hydrochloric acid, were lower especially in high concentration of acid or alkali than in the control medium adding physiological salt solution. 4) According to these results in the clinical tissue culture of spleen, except relatively lower temperature, it was shown that unphysiological physicochemical conditions suppressed or stimulated the growth of tissue culture and were harmful to culture.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558793-41967ACTHの脳組織に及ぼす影響に関する研究 第T編 臨床的観察並びに副腎剔出犬による実験的研究109118ENJiroTakaharaThe direct effect of ACTH on brain tissue not by way of adrenal glands is suggest by the fact that ACTH has a remarkable therapeutic effect on vairous diseases of nervous system such as japanese encephalitis. The first part of the present report is concerned with statistical observation of therapeutic effect of ACTH on patients with nervous diseases. 1) ACTH was effective in 70 per cent. The effect was especially marked in Parkinson's syndrome, japanese encephalitis and chorea minor. 2) As for symptoms, disturbance of consciousness, fever, involuntry movements and mucle rigidity were successfully treated by ACTH. 3) In intracranial bleeding and thrombosis too, ACTH showed a good effect on loss of consciousness, motor disturbance and dysarthria in a decreasing order. The second part is concerned with observation of therapeutic effect of ACTH on brain edema of adrenectomized dogs. Degree of edema is calculated by the amount of RIHSA measured in the brain. 1) In the control, index of brain edema (amount of isotope of brains cortex of the thrombosed side/that of the contralateral normal cortex) was 15.6 2) In dogs removed of adrenal cortex & treated by ACTH, index of brain edema was 6.4. The above results indicate that ACTH has a dirct effect, not by way of adrenal cortex. It is clarified, however, whether this effect is a direct on brain tissue or by an enhancement of coricosteroid effect.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558823-41970難聴児の言語発達に関する研究 第1編 両側伝音系奇形耳による難聴児の手術的聴力改善後の言語発達について4154ENHiroshiOhueFor the purpose to determine what effects operative hearing restoration would hays on the speech and language development, this study was carried out on 13 cases of deaf children aged 8-16 years with bilateral congenital middle ear malformation whose hearing acuity was restored within 30 db loss in average of speech range by standard fenestration operation or stapes surgery and maintained one year after the operation. Examination was carried out on the hearing ability, intelligence, lipreading, intelligibility of articulation for monosyllables, words and sentences, conversation intelligibility, sonagram of monosyllables, time of reading, total disfluency index, vocabulary and sentence structures, and these results after the operation were compared with those before the operation. The results of the study briefly presented in the following. 1) The articulation score for monosyllables, words and sentences by pronounciation was moderately improved except in two children of delayed mental development. The obtained articulation score was in the ascending order of monosyllables, words and sentences. 2) In two children with delayed mental development the articulation score improvement was only slight as compared with the other children. 3) With exception of two cases the operation for hearing restoration was found to have increased the articulation score for syllables more than fifty percent. 4) The intelligence quotient, conversation intelligibility and total disfluency index were not improved so much as expected. 5) The number of childrens' vocabulary increased markedly after the operation. 6) For the development of speech and language in deaf children with bilateral malformation of conductive apparatus, it is desirable to diagnose as early as possible in order to enable earlier operation for hearing improvement.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558861-21974非定型的白血病（Hypoplastic Leukemia or Smoldering Acute Leukemia）に関する研究 第2編 骨髄における白血病細胞の大きさ，(3)H-Thymidineによるin vitro標識率ならびに臨床骨髄培養所見の検討7385ENHideoKinoshitaPathogenesis of atypical leukemia (hypoplastic leukemia and smoldering acute leukemia) is still unknown. The author intended to find the factors inducing its unique clinical course by comparing 5 cases of atypical leukemia with the same numder of typical acute leukemia with respect to their blasts cell size, laveling index with (3)H-thymidine and pattern of tissue growth by the bone marrow culture method devised by us. And obtained the following results. 1) The size of 100 blasts chosen randomely out of the bone marrow smear prepared from 5 cases of atypical leukemia was compared with those of typical acute leukemia. The mean val-ue of the former group was 41.9±12.3, while that of the latter was 61.4±16.7. There fore, the size of blasts in the atypical leukemia proved to be somewhat smaller than those of the typical acute leukemia. 2) The mean value of laveling index with (3)H-thymidine of the blasts in the bone marrow of the former group was 6.4% , while that of the latter was 12.9% . 3) The growth pattern of the bone marrow tissue from the 5 patients with atypical leukemia was as follows: The bone marrow explants from these patients were generally hypoplastic, consisting of an increase of fat cells intermingled with several foci scattered made of leukemic blasts. The growth zone revealed much lower cell density than that of the typical acute leukemia. The margin of the growth zone, however, sharply bordered and similar to the pattern of typical acute leukemia. Cells observed predominantly in the growth zone composed of immature leukemic cells and mature lymphocytes throughout the culture period of 24-48 hours. From these results, it is assumed that most of leukemic blasts in the bone marrow of the patients with atpical leukemia are "dormant cells", i.e. belong to a nondividing compartment, and reduced multiplication rate is closely related to their mild clinical courses.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15588811-121976橋本病Basedow病患者の細胞性免疫に関する研究 第一編 MIF及びリンパ球芽球化反応の検討10931103ENYoshiakiTakehisaCellular hypersensitivity was studied using in vitro lymphocyte transformation technique with PHA and indirect MIF test in 53 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 29 patients with Basedow's disease and in 16 normal subjects. Lymphocytes were separated from peripheral blood by cotton columns. In the studies of lymphocyte blastgenesis, 2ml of lymphocyte suspension containing 1.5×10(6) cells/ml in TC-199 supplemented with 15% calf serum were cultured with 200μg PHA for 72 hours at 37℃ in an atmosphere containing 95% air and 5% CO2, and blastoid cells were identified by microscopic examinations. For the MIF test, 2ml of 3×10(6) lymphocytes/ml in TC-199 containing appropriate antigens (human thyroid microsome fraction; 100-500μg wet weight/ml, thyroglobulin; 100μg/ml) were cultured at the same circumstances for 72 hours and then the culture supernatants were examined for the migration of guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages. Migration index (M. I.) was a rate of the area of migration in supernatant with antigen to that without antigen.The rate of blastogenesis of lymphocytes in response to PHA was 32.5±11.2% (mean±SD) in 26 patients with Hashimoto's disease, 49.0±7.6% (mean±SD) in 11 patients with Basedow's disease, and 49.0±8.1% in 14 normal subjects. Significant low response to PHA (the rate under 33%, mean-2SD of normal subjects)was recognized in 14 patients (54% ) with Hashimoto's disease. No patient with Basedow's disease showed abnormal response to PHA. Migration index (MI) with thyroid microsomal fraction was 85.6±19.5% in 40 patients with Hashimoto's disease, 96.6±8.2% in 15 patients with Basedow's disease, and 97.6±10.1% in 18 normal subjects. MI under 77.4% (mean-2SD of normal subjects) was recognized in 12 patients (30%) with Hashimoto's disease. But, MIF production against native or denatured thyroglobulin was negative in all patients examined. There was no definite correlation between MIF production in response to thyroid microsomal fraction and antithyroglobulin antibody titer in patients with Hashimoto's disease.But the patients with positive MIF test showed low or negative thyroglobulin antibody in serum. There were no appearant correlations between MIF test, blastogenesis of lymphocytes with PHA and clinical findings such as age, duration of disease, histology and thyroid function. Above results indicated that T-lymphocyte activity or population of T-lymphocytes responding to PHA was decreased in Hashimoto's disease. On the other hand, it was also shown that the population of lymphocytes sensitized against thyroid autoantigens was present in the peripheral circulation of some patients with this disease. Whether they were T-or B-lymphocytes was not conclusive from the present studies. These sensitized lymphocytes might play important roles in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558837-81971有機フッ素剤中毒に関する研究 第2編 有機フッ素剤（Nissol）使用農民の健康調査295310ENKunioHashidaHealth survey was done on farmers using an organofluoride (N-methyl-N-(1-naphthyl) monofluoroacetate) and the following results were obtained. 1. Forty-five point seven percent of the farmers had some complaints after spraying the agent, which included fatigue, headache, nausea, anorexia, diarrhea, insomnia or abdominal pain. 2. Blood pictures of the farmers after spraying the agent indicated slight decrease or no change or hemoglobin and erythrocytes with the tendency of a higher color index than normal, and leukocytosis with neutrophilia. These blood changes, however, returned to normal in 6 months after the use of the agent. 3. Increased urinary urobilinogen and glycosuria were present in some cases, but none showed proteinuria. 4. Liver function tests revealed an increased icterus index and positive CCLF in some cases, but no abnormalities were found in TTT, ZTT, transaminases. There appeared to be no clinically appreciable liver disease. 5. ECG showed slight bradycardia and elongated P-Q intervals within normal ranges but no arrhythmia. No heart disease was clinically manifested in any cases.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558857-81973悪性腫瘍患者の血清糖蛋白に関する臨床的研究 第2編 悪性腫瘍患者の血清α(1)-Acid glycoprotein及びα(1)-Antitrypsinと治療及び予後との関係について349361ENTaisukeOnoshiSerial determinations of serum α(1)-acid glycoprotein (α(1)-AG) and α(1)-antitrypsin (α(1)-AT) were performed in 43 cases with lung cancer and 25 cases with stomach cancer during therapeutic procedures, and in 31 courses of remission induction-chemotherapies of 23 cases with malignant lymphoma. These studies reveal that changes in serum α(1)-AG levels during chemotherapy would be an index to the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents for malignant neoplasms because it has been shown that α(1)-AG levels changed in intimate relation to neoplastic processes in almost all the cases of lung or stomach cancer. Especially, in malignant lymphoma, changes in α(1)-AG levels during the clinical course showed such a close relation to vicissitudes of lymphadenopathy that serial determinations of this glycoprotein was regarded as a reliable index not only for the efficacy of chemotherapy but also for the early detection of relapse prior to the manifestations of clinical symptoms. On the other hand, changes in α(1)-AT levels did not correlate to the progression of canecrous lesions in almost half the cases recieving various chemotherapeutic agents and corticosteroids. It was considered that these agents, especially corticosteroids, might be directly concerned with metabolism of this glycoprotein. In patients with lung or stomach cancer who did not obtain any clinical improvement during chemotherapy, significant correlation was observed between α(1)-AG as well as α(1)-AT levels prior to chemotherapy and their life spans. Therefore, it was possible to set up a regression line of life spans against these glycoprotein levels and life spans of ineffective cases to chemotherapy could be estimated roughly according to this regression line.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558857-81973悪性腫瘍患者の血清糖蛋白に関する臨床的研究 第1編 悪性腫瘍の進展度と血清α(1)-Acid glycoprotein及びα(1)-Antitrypsin値について331348ENTaisukeOnoshiSerum α(1)-acid glycoprotein (α(1)-AG) and α(1)-antitrypsin (α(1)-AT) levels were measured in 30 controls, 57 patients with nonmalignant disease and 249 patients with malignant neoplasm of various sites and stages. An almost parallel increase of these glycoproteins was observed in patients with advanced cancer except hepatoma, but in cases with localized lesion these serum levels remained normal. In 85 patients with lung cancer and 49 with stomach cancer, considerable relationship was observed between the serum levels of these glycoproteins and degree of progression of cancerous lesions. Therefore, it seems that these glycoprotein levels are a relible index for staging malignant diseases. In Hodgkin's disease, however, there was no relationship between these serum levels and its clinical stage, but these glycoprotein levels in B cases of Hodgkin's disease were significantly elevated than in A cases. Evaluation of these glycoproteins would serve as a diagnostic means in patients with hepatomegaly and/or jaundice, since in patients with hepatoma α(1)-AG levels are decreased and α(1)-AT levels are elevated, in patients with metastatic liver cancer both of them are significantly elevated and in cirrhosis of the liver α(1)-AG levels are clearly decreased and α(1)-AT levels remain normal.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15589011-121978有機溶剤取り扱い作業者の健康管理 第I報 Toluene暴露者の尿中馬尿酸のスクリーニングテスト（磁性皿法）について14571460ENTatsuyaHobaraMasanaOgataAnalytical sensitivity of urinary HA screening method by porcelain dish is similar to that of direct colorimetric method and good agreement with both methods was obtained. Namely, eighteen samples out of twenty measured by screening method coincide with that of direct colorimetric method. Data indicate that this method is very useful for screening method having an advantage in which rapid determination at on the urinary HA as an index of toluene exposure.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558907-81978鉄欠乏性貧血の成因に関する研究 第1編 鉄排泄試験による臨床的検討10151027ENAkiraMiyata"Iron excretion test" was performed as an entirely new method to study iron metabolism in iron deficiency anemia. In this test, urinary iron excretion and serum iron levels were measured after intravenous administration of 10mg of saccharated iron oxide. Thirty men and 68 women were studied with this test. They were divided into four groups: 62 cases of idiopathic hypochromic anemia, 9 cases of anemia due to blood loss, 4 cases of postgastrectomy anemia and 11 healthy controls. Patient with idiopathic hypochromic anemia were divided into two subgroups according to the rate of recurrence. Cases that developed anemia at least two times despite the standarized treatment with iron preparations constituted a group difficult to control, while the other group was easy to control. In the difficult-to-control group, urinary iron excretion showed a significant increase until two hours after injection when compared with that of the other four groups. An "Iron excretion index" was calculated to estimate the tendency for urinary iron loss more clearly. The difficult-to-control group of idiopathic hypochromic anemia had significantly higher excretion indices than other groups, which frequently exceeded 1.0. These results suggest that excess iron excretion may be one of the causes of idiopathic hypochromic anemia. This type of anemia may be designated "Iron-losing anemia". And "Iron excretion test" would be useful to detect this condition easily.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558871-21975血小板機能に関する臨床的研究 第二編 血小板spreading out testに関して1320ENHisatomoHayashiFor the purpose of elucidating the relationship between the spreading-out test proposed by Breddin and the current routine tests of platelet functions, the spreading-out index was studied in comparison with adhesiveness, aggregation, factor-3 and clot retraction. The results obtained are as follows. Positive correlation was observed between the spreading-out index and platelet adhesiveness. Non-adhesive platelets obtained by filtering the platelet rich plasma through a glass wool filter was found to have a lower spreading-out index than the untreated platelets. Therefore, it was considered that the adhesive platelets played a role in the spreading-out phenomenon. Although the adding of adenosine, AMP and ATP suppressed the spreading-out of the platelet, the adding test of ADP induced a tendency to increase the spreading-out index. The above result corresponded with the relationship between platelet adhesiveness and adenine nucleotides, and also supported the finding that spreading-out test is closely related to platelet adhesiveness. No significant correlation was obserbed between the spreading-out index and the other platelet functions, i.e., aggregation, platelet factor-3 and clot retraction.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558925-61980全身性エリテマトーデスのalternative pathwayに関する研究 ―chemotaxis assayを利用して― 第2編 臨床的考察555565ENTakeoYoshinouchiThe relationship between the classical complement pathway and the alternative complement pathway was studied in 30 SLE patients. The activities of both pathways were measured by chemotaxis assay, and the following results were obtained. 1) The classical pathway-derived chemotactic index (CCI) was correlated with the level of CH50, C4 and C3, but not with those of C5. 2) The alternative pathway-derived chemotactic index (ACI) was correlated with the level of CH50, but not with those of C4, C3 and C5. 3) CCI was positively correlated with ACI. Both indices were low but CCI was more depressed than ACI. These findings suggest that the alternative complement pathway is activated mainly by the C3b positive feedback mechanism which is probably triggered via the classical complement pathway, and that the alternative complement pathway probably play a part in defence mechanism instead of reduced classical complement pathway in SLE.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558921-21980イヌ膵静脈血中C-ペプチドの動態 第三編 外来性インスリンによる膵β細胞分泌に対するフィードバック調節に関する研究259265ENYoshiakiNishinaFeedback regulation of insulin secretion from dog pancreatic B cells by exogenous insulin was demonstrated. Dog C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) concentration in the superior pancreaticoduodenal (pancreatic) vein was measured as an index of endogenous insulin secretion from B cells. Exogenous monocomponent (MC) insulin was administered into superior pancreaticoduodenal (pancreatic) artery of normal dogs which had various concentrations of blood glucose. When the blood glucose level was maintained at about 400 mg/dl, bolus injection of MC insulin (0.1 u/kg) into the pancreatic artery caused about 8.3% suppression of CPR level in the pancreatic vein. However, when the blood glucose concentration was approximately 180 mg/dl, suppression of the CPR level in the pancreatic vein was about 41%. With a fasting blood glucose concentration, exogenous MC insulin caused about 35% suppression of CPR level, but exogenous dog C-peptide (0.2 pM/kg/min) infusion did not affect the IRI concentration in the pancreatic vein.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558947-81982真鍋島(離島)における住民の生活及び健康状態 第1報 環境と住民の健康状態について633644ENIsaoTanakaCharacteristcs of environmental health conditions in Manabe island were surveyed from the standpoint of public health. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Those employed in primary industries (fishing and farming) are greater in proportion in Manabe Island while those employed in secondary industries are higher in number in Kasaoka City excluding Manabe Island. 2. The population of aged people and the dependence population index in Manabe Island were higher than those in Kasaoka City, a trend thought to be characteristic of isolated islands in the Inland Sea. 3. The ratio of aged people and proportional mortality indicator (PMI) were higher in Manabe Island than that in Kasaoka City. 4. Heart disease, injury of extremities, liver disease, and parasytosis showed a higher incidence in people who belonged to national health insurance in Manabe Island than those of Kasaoka City excluding Manabe Island.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-61982尿蛋白を指標とした運動負荷に関する研究 第2報 剣道における尿蛋白の変動463470ENTakehiroIzumiIn the present study, the author selected Kendo among many sports because of the lack of information on the health administration of the Kendo athlete, in spite of the increase in this sport. The present study is specifically concerned with the changes in the excretion of urinary protein as an index of physical exertion during and after Kendo exercise. (1) The longer the duration of exercise was, the more urinary protein that was excreted. The increase was logarithmic against the duration. (2) When the total exercise duration in a day was from 1 to 2 hours, the excretion of urinary protein increased logarithmically, but from 2 to 3 hours it did not change significantly. Over 5 hours it increased again remarkably. (3) In the recovery process after Kendo excercise for 2 hours, an excess amount of urinary protein excretion was observed within 0-30 minutes after stopping excercise. After 30-60 minutes although the tendency of recovery was observed, the individual variation was high in this period. After 150 minutes, the urinary protein excretion of all specimens returned to the level which was observed before the excercise. (4) In conclusion, the excretion rate of urinary protein per unit time seemed to be a more suitable index of the severity of the exercise and the restoration from exertion of Kendo athlete than the level of urinary protein easily affected by condensation of excreted urine.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-61982尿蛋白を指標とした運動負荷に関する研究 第1報 尿微量蛋白定量法とその検体尿の保存法の検討453462ENTakehiroIzumiThe present paper concerns the semi-quantification and micro-quantification of urinary proteins with emphasis on the application of them to the public health area for determining illness, industrial poisoning and physical fitness. The present experiments were designed to examine the relationship between the results in the reading of urinary protein levels by a dip-stick method and the levels measured by micro-quantification using the trichloroacetic acid-Ponceau S reagent method (P-S method). The effects of the preservation of urine specimens on the levels measured by the above methods were also examined. The results were as follows: 1. Although the dip-stick method was useful for the semi-quantification of urine specimens with protein levels above 30mg/dl, readings below 30mg/dl were uncertain. Levels measured by the P-S method had a range of 1.6mg/dl to 8.0mg/dl. For the micro-quantification of urinary protein in the above cases, the P-S method was suitable because of it's low detection limit (1.0mg/dl protein concentration) and of little discrepancy between the sensitivity to albumin and globulin. 2. The readings of the dip-stick method coincided in 80% of urine specimens preserved for 22days in a feezer at -20℃ with their initial readings. On the other hand, the protein levels measured by the P-S method below 30mg/dl varied from the initial ones after the preservation airtightly at room temperature, at 4℃ in a refrigerator and even at -20℃ in a freezer for a day or more. In the case of urine specimens which contained 30mg/dl protein or above, no significant change was observed after the preservation in a refrigerator or a freezer. The destruction of various cell components in urine might cause the variation, in contrast to albumin that is destroyed little during preservation. The author concludes that the protein concentration of urine specimen with a dip-stick reading below 30mg/dl should be measured as soon as possible by the P-S method, when a detailed quantification is required.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15589311-121981血中インスリン抗体に関する研究 第2編 血中インスリン抗体の糖尿病コントロールに及ぼす影響10431050ENFumitoYagyuThe significance of insulin antibodies in determining diabetic control was examined in 56 patients treated with insulin. Diurnal changes in blood glucose, serum free insulin and bound insulin concentrations were measured. C-peptide concentrations before and after meals were measured as an index of residual insulin secretion. The control of blood glucose was estimated by the calculation of M-value (Schrichtkrull). The SD/mean of serum free insulin in patients with high insulin antibody titers was significantly lowered. This finding suggests that insulin antibodies have a buffer action of stabilization of serum free insulin. The buffer action of the insulin antibodies was affected by quantitative changes of bound insulin concentrations, which were accompanied by concomitant changes in free insulin concentrations within physiological limits. The capacity of the buffer action of insulin antibodies seems to be determined not only by the titer of insulin antibodies, but also by quantitative changes in free and bound insulin concentrations. In patients with antibodies of high buffer action, diurnal blood glucose levels were stable. Insulin antibodies seem to have a stabilizing action of blood glucose levels. Thus, insulin antibodies are thought to be an important factor in the control of blood glucose. In insulin-treated diabetics, serum free insulin levels in patients with obesity or liver dysfunction were as high as in non-insulin treated diabetics with these disorders.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558943-41982慢性関節リウマチにおける腎病変の研究 第1編 血中および尿中β(2)-microglobulinを中心とした慢性関節リウマチ患者の腎機能257267ENShinichiUdaSerum, urine and synovial fluid β(2)-microglobulin (BMG) was measured by radioimmunoassay (Phadebas β(2)-micro test) in 43 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients being treated with gold salts, in 9 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and in 9 patients with renal disease. The relationships between BMG, RA activity index and renal function were investigated. The serum BMG level in the renal disease group was significantly inversely correlated with creatinine clearance. The 43 rheumatoid arthritis patients were divided into a proteinuria group and a non-proteinuria group. The serum BMG level was higher in the renal disease group than in the proteinuria group, and was higher in the proteinuria group than in the non-proteinuria group. The synovial gluid BMG level was measured in 16 patients with RA and in the 9 patients with OA. This measure was higher in the RA group than in the OA group. The 43 RA patients were divided into positive and negative groups by C-reactive protein, RA test results (erythrocyte sedimentation rate over 50 mm/h and under 49 mm/h), and γ-globulin levels (over 1.5 g/dl and under 1.49 g/dl). Serum BMG levels were compared in these two groups. They tended to be higher in the higher activity groups than in the lower activity groups. From these results, a serum BMG level below 3.15 μg/ml (which is higher than in healthy normals) was considered "normal" for RA. The non-proteinuria group was investigated in a 2×2 table divided at 3.15 μg/ml serum BMG level and 500 μg/l urinary BMG level. There were two patients with abnormal BMG levels in both serum and urine samples, two patients with abnormal levels in the serum sample, and two patients with abnormal BMG levels in only the urine sample. It was thought that some patients without proteinuria in crysotherapy started to show renal damage. The results suggest that during gold treatment RA patients require not only urinalysis, but measurements of serum and urinary BMG levels for possible renal damage.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558943-41982肝臓シンチグラフィーによる残存肝機能の推定に関する基礎的研究ならびに臨床例についての検討221234ENToyosatoTamaiPart 1 A method of evaluating the effective liver volume has been devised for liver-scintigraphy. Matrix ROI (region of interest) was set on the anterior liver scintigram with Au-198 colloid and the depths under matrix ROI were calculated by the use of the plateau values of the histograms and the absorption coefficient (formula 2). The effective liver volume was the sum total of the areas of matrix ROI to the depths. The effective liver volume was calculated as follows: 1=∫(w)(o)Ioe(-μx)dx............(1) Io: γ-ray intensity of unit depth Ip: γ-ray intensity of w depth w: depth of radioactive substance μ: absoption coifficient therefore w=-1/μIn{1-Ip/Io(1-e(-μwo)}.............(2) Ipo: γ-ray intensity of standard depth wo: depth corresponding Ipo and the effective liver volume is V=Σ(s×wi)............(3) s: area of metrix ROI
In order to check the accuracy of this method, this was performed - the liver phantom, the dog's liver- and the patient's liver-scintigraphy. The volume obtained for the liver phantom was nearly equal to the real volume and the dog's was almost equivalent to the weight of it. The volume for every patient showed good correlation with the volume as measured by CT scan. Part 2 Liver-scintigraphy were performed in 14 preoperative patients of hepatectomy. The estimated volume of residual liver and the total effective liver volume were evaluated, and the accumulation rates of Au-198 colloid in the total liver (K) and those in the estimated residual liver (K(1)) were determined. The operation was done and 3 weeks later the same examination was performed. The following calculation was studied as the index of resectable liver volume.
(estimated volume of residual liver×K1)/(total effective volume×normal K*) *0.184 (determined in our laboratory)
The calculation values for two of 14 patients who developed liver failure after hepatic resection were 0.205 and 0.361, and for others without severe complications were more than 0.384. The results for small numbers of patients suggest that this calculation may be useful for determining the indications for hepatectomy. In regard to regeneration of the liver, only the ratio of the effective liver volume after right lobectomy (including extended right lobectomy) to it before appeared to be related to the K of preoperation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15589611-121984ヒト末梢血単球の研究 第2編 膜表面受容体と貪食能11051117ENToshioSatoThe phagocytic function of monocytes was measured by complement-binding zymosan particles (ZC). The phagocytic indices of monocytes prepared by glass-adherence and by gradient centrifugation were closely correlated (r=0.95, p<0.01). The former method was easier than the latter in the identification of monocytes. The phagocytic index was significantly reduced in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma (mean=53.2±20.2, p<0.01), malignant lymphoma (mean=52.9±20.6, p<0.01), and sarcoidosis (mean=51.1±20.2, p<0.01) compared with controls (mean=76.0±14.5). In contrast, there was no significant difference between controls and patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (mean=77.0±14.2). In bronchogenic carcinoma patients, a low phagocytic index was observed in all clinical stages. However, there was no significant correlation among phagocytic index, histological type and stage of disease. The C3 and Fc receptors of monocytes were also determined by rosette formation with ZC and IgG-treated ox erythrocytes (EA), respectively. In bronchogenic carcinoma, the percent of C3 receptor bearing monocytes was lower than that of controls, but the percent of Fc receptor bearing monocytes was in the normal range. However, the phagocytosis of EA was enhanced in comparison with controls. These data showed that monocyte phagocytic function was suppressed in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. It was suggested that malignant tumors might affect monocyte function.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558965-61984全身性エリテマトーデス患者末梢血単球に関する免疫学的研究 第2編 単球Fc receptor活性に関して459471ENAsaoHokamaMonocyte Fc receptor(Fc R) functions were studies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) by examining rosette formation and phagocytosis of monocytes using anti-Rh antibody coated red blood cells(EA). The rosette index(R.I.), which is an expression of the average number of EA attached to a monocyte surface, was significantly higher with SLE monocytes than with normal controls. In contrast, the phagocytosis index (P.I.), which is an expression of the average number of EA phagocytosed by a monocyte, was significantly lower. Kinetic studies revealed that between active SLE and control monocytes, there were no differences in EA kinetics after EA had attached to the monocyte surface membrane. A close correlation was obtained between the R.I. values and the concentration of gammaglobulins (R=0.69). A negative correlation was found between the R.I. values and the levels of serum complement (CH(50): R=-0.65, C(3): R=-0.62, C(4): R=-0.49). There were no significant correlations among the R.I. values and the levels of circulating immune complexes, the grade of hematuria, the degree of proteinuria and histological findings of the kidney. P.I. values did not correlate with any of these parameters. These results suggest that Fc R functions of peripheral blood monocytes are increased in patients with SLE and are closely related to disease activity.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558963-41984生体中のマンガン,鉄,亜鉛,銅,鉛,水銀,カドミウムなどの濃度分布359376ENKeijiroMoritaMasanaOgataThis paper deals with the levels and distribution of manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), marcury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and other trace metals in 3 kinds of biological samples relevant to the food chain. Eightly-eight human whole blood samples were taken from 20-59 year old normal adult subjects (57 males and 31 females) in Okayama Prefecture, and the heavy metal concentrations were mesured with a flame or flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The order by level of heavy metals in the whole blood was Fe, Mg, Ca, Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn and Cd. The analytical values of each metal approximated a log-normal distribution. The levels of Fe, Mg and Zn were higher in males than in females, while that of Cu was higher in females high correlation coefficients were obtained between Pd-Cd, Pb-Cd, Cd-Mn and Cd-Fe. The levels of Fe and Zn in males had a negative correlation with thier age. On the other hand, that of Ca and Mg in females had a positive correlation. The heavy metal levels in the fethers of crows were examined as a biological index of heavy metal contamination. The order of heavy metals in feathers was: Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb, Hg and Cd. The concentrations of Pb and Mn were from 3 to 10 times higher in the feathers of crows than in human hair. The concentraiton levels of Cd and Cu were higher in the southern part than in the northern part of Okayama Prefecture. There were significant regional differences in the levels of Pb, Cd and Cu. The order of heavy metals in oyster was Zn, Cu, Mn, As, Ni, Cd, Pb, Se and Hg. The concentration of Zn and Cu had a significant correlation with the size of the oyster. The order of biological concentration was; Zn (22.3×10), Se, Cu, Mn, As, Ni and Pb (7.75×10(3)-0.22×10(3))No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558957-81983担鉄肺胞マクロファージの機能に関する研究 第2編 溶接フューム吸入モルモットにおける肺胞マクロファージの検討793802ENSeijiIrieIn order to clarify the relation of iron-laden alveolar macrophages to the pathogenesis of arc welder's lung, kinetics and functions of guinea pig alveolar macrophages were assessed by whole-lung lavage 1, 4 and 8 weeks after the exposure to welding fume. Whole-lung lavage was performed also in unexposed guinea pigs as controls. The number of lavaged cells was low 1 week after exposure, but exceeded control levels 4 weeks after exposure and remained elevated thereafter. The percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was high 1 and 8weeks after exposure, and that of macrophages was high 4 weeks after exposure. The iron-loading rate of alveolar macrophages was 0% in controls. It was elevated above 90% 1 week after exposure and remained elevated thereafter. Chemotaxis to zymosan activated serum and random migration of alveolar macrophages were maximal 1 week after exposure and were significantly greater (p<0.001) than with controls at all times. The chemotactic differential and chemotactic index were significantly low 4 and 8weeks after exposure (p<0.05, p<0.001), compared with those of controls. The phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan particles by alveolar macrophages were significantly lower (p<0.01), than controls at all times. There was no significant difference in β-galactosidase activity of alveolar macrophagesbetween controls and welding fume-exposed guinea pigs at any time. Superoxide production by alveolar macrophages was maximal 1 week after exposure and remained significantly high thereafter (p<0.05), compared with that for controls. Thus, exposure to welding fumes in vivo appears to induce acute and chronic inflammatory reactions and iron transport which are probably mediated by alveolar macrophages.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558957-81983悪性腫瘍患者における細胞性免疫応答に関する研究 第2編 悪性リンパ腫患者における白血球遊走阻止試験について721729ENSeiyaTeraoThree different procedures of the leukocyte migration inhibition test(LMIT) were performed in order to study cell-mediated immunity in patients with malignant lymphoma. Using sonicated antigens from normal lymphocytes and lymphoma cells obtained by lymphnode biopsy, leukocytes from patients with malignant lymphoma showed a positive reaction exclusively against antigens obtained from malignant lymphoma cells. It was suggested that patients with malignant lymphoma had a cell-mediated immunity against the tumor-associated antigens. The migration index of LMIT using autochthonous antigen was significantly lower than that using allogeneic antigen. In LMITs using 3M KCI extracts of established lymphoid cell lines, it was suggested that there were both tumor-associated antigens and leukemia-lymphoma associated antigens in the extracts. The serum immuno-suppressive factor was positive in 40 of 50 patients' sera(80%) in LMITs. The suppressive ratio and immune complex levels of the sera from patients with extensive disease was significantly higher than that of patients with localized disease. Studies on cell-mediated immunity in patients with malignant tumor.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558955-61983ループス腎炎の免疫学的研究 第2編 ―Raji cell radioimmuno assayによる血中免疫複合体と腎組織における顆粒状沈着物の関連について―545553ENMakotoKinashiUsing the Raji cell radioimmunoassay of Theofilopoulos et al, soluble immune complex (IC) in sera from 26 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was measured. The distribution and amount of renal immune deposits were examined. According to the distribution of glomerular immune deposits, patients were divided into four groups. There were 3 patients with the focal segmental mesangial pattern, 8 with the diffuse global mesangial pattern, 11 with the granular pattern and 4 with the membranous pattern. In 2 of the 3 patients with the focal segmental mesangial pattern, serum IC levels were only slightly elevated and mesangial immune deposits were very light. In 7 of the 8 patients with the diffuse global mesangial pattern, serum IC levels were markedly elevated with large amount of mesangial glomerular immune deposits in spite of minimal urinary finding. In patients with this pattern, wide deviation of serum IC levels was observed. In 7 of the 11 patients with the granular pattern, marked elevation of serum IC levels was observed. Three patients with sclerotic glomerurlar changes had relatively low serum IC levels. In 3 of the 4 patients with the membranous pattern, serum IC levels were low. Of the 26 patients of this study, 12 having renal interstitial deposits had higher serum IC levels than 14 patients without renal interstitial immune deposition. This difference was statistically significant. There were no relationships between the serum IC levels and the grade of hematuria or proteinuria. The data suggests that the serum IC levels measured by the Raji cell radioimmunoassay may give us some information about the degree of renal immune deposition and become a useful index of lupus nephritis.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558955-61983ループス腎炎の免疫学的研究 第1編 ―Raji cell radioimmunoassayの基礎的検討―535544ENMakotoKinashiUsing the Raji cell radioimmunoassay (RCRIA) reported by Theofilopoulos et al., 26 serum samples from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients were evaluated. All of those patients had definite granular immune deposits in renal biopsy specimens, and the presence of circulating immune complex in these patients was also suspected. RCRIA values of these patients were generally higher than those of normal human sera. RCRIA values were compared with other serological parameters of SLE including serum complement (CH(50)), serum gammaglobulin, anti-double stranded DNA antibody, anti-nuclear ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and anti-lymphocyte antibody. There was no correlation between the RCRIA values and anti-lymhocyte antibody. The correlation with CH(50) was also rather negative. There was positive correlations between the RCRIA values and serum gammaglobulin and anti-ds DNA antibody. However there were four serum samples which were negative to anti-ds DNA antibody but high RCRIA values. Three samples had high anti-RNP antibody titiers. The data suggest that not only the ds-DNA antigen-antibody system, but also other kinds of antigen-antibody systems may compose the circulating immune complex. The RCRIA values of sera from SLE patients using Raji cells killed by 100 % acetone instead of living cells were generally higher. The increases in the RCRIA values were regarded as being due to the participation of anti-nuclear antibodies present in the patients' sera. Thus, in evaluating SLE sera, there is the possibility that the RCRIA may give false positive results due to the presence of antibodies, including antinuclear antibodies, which react with Raji cells. As long as this possibility is kept in mind, the RCRIA value may become a valuable serological index of SLE.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558985-6198624時間ホルター心電図に関する研究 第2編 人工ペースメーカーの作動状態と合併不整脈および血行動態563576ENTakatoHataOne hundred twenty-four patients with unipolar permanent pacemaker implantation (advanced atrioventricular block, 62 cases; sick sinus syndrome, 51 cases; and atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response, 11 cases) were studied by 24-hour Holter electrocardiography. Analysis of pacemaker function and arrhythmias with various pacing modes (VVI pacing, 70 cases; AAI pacing, 19 cases; and DDD pacing, 35 cases) and measurement of hemodynamics revealed the following. In all pacing modes, atrial contraction was observed in cases of advanced atrioventricular block. However, in the VVI pacing mode with sick sinus syndrome, atrial contraction was often lost. In sick sinus syndrome group V, pacemaker non-mediated arrhythmias were often recorded. Pacing failure was not noted with any atrial or ventricular pacing. Undersensing was observed in 26% of the AAI pacing group and 7% of the VVI pacing group. Myopotential inhibition was observed in 11-24% of all pacing modes, but only two patients complained of subjective symptoms. DDD pacing with atrial sensing yielded effective increase of heart rate, but caused pacemaker tachycardia and pacemaker mediated tachycardia. In making these diagnosis and managing of pacemaker mediated arrhythmias, 24-hour Hotter recordings were the most effective. In comparison of hemodynamics in any pacing mode, physiological pacing was significantly different from VVI pacing as to blood pressure, left atrial pressure and cardiac index. Patients who require improvement of hemodynamics should be treated with physiological pacing. As for the optimal choice of pacing modes, patients with advanced atrioventricular block without underlying disease do not always require physiological pacing. However, the patients with sick sinus syndrome should receive physiological pacing.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558985-61986消化器癌患者の末梢血 T cellのHelix pomatia A hemagglutinin 結合活性の検討 第2編 臨床検討465473ENTakashiYasuharaHelix pomatia A hemagglutinin (HP) binding activity, a surface marker of peripheral T cells, to neuraminidase-treated peripheral T cells was studied in patients with digestive tract cancer or benign liver disease and in normal subjects. The HP binding activity (ng/10(6) T cells) to T cell subpopulations in peripheral lymphocytes was calculated as: (Amount of bound HP to total peripheral lymphocytes (ng/10(6) cells)) / (Ratio of T cells to total peripheral lymphocytes (%)) × 100. The calculated HP
binding activity to T cells was significantly higher in digestive tract cancer patients than in benign liver disease patients (p<0.05) and normal subjects (p<0.01). These results suggest that either the subsets of peripheral T cells with high HP binding activity may be significantly increased or HP receptors of all peripheral T cells may be increased to the same degree in digestive tract cancer patients. This activity may be a useful index of cellular immunity in digestive tract cancer patients, although it seems to have no relevance to the progression of cancer.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558961-21984多核白血球および血清におけるβ-Glucuronidase, N-Acetyl-β-Glucosaminidase活性に関する研究 第1編 糖尿病患者について109125ENMakotoIshidaβ-Glucuronidase (β-G) and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities were investigated in diabetic patients. Serum β-G activity, NAG activity, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and atherogenic index (A.I.) were significantly higher in diabetics than in controls. In diabetics, there were significantly positive correlations between serum β-G activity and fasting blood glucose level, TC, TG and A.I., and between serum NAG activity and fasting blood glucose level, TC and TG. Serum β-G and NAG activities were significantly higher in diabetics with hyperlipidemia than in diabetics without hyperlipidemia. The elevation of serum β-G and NAG activities in diabetics might be due to metabolic abnormalities accompanying hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Serum NAG activity was significantly higher in diabetics with nephropathy than in those without nephropathy. β-G activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in poorly controlled diabetics was significantly lower than PMN-β-G activity in controls and fairly controlled diabetics. Degradation of mucopolysaccaride and glycoprotein might be impaired in poorly controlled diabetics, and this impairment might explain glycoprotein-deposition in diabetic microangiopathy and impaired bacteriocidal activity in diabetic leukocytes. PMN-β-G activity was significantly higher in diabetics with severe diabetic retinopathy (ScottV-V) than in those with mild diabetic retinopathy (Scott I-U). This data suggests that high PMN-β-G activity contributes to the establishment of diabetic microangiopathy.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558973-41985白蟻防除処理剤クロルデンの公衆衛生学的研究 第3報 クロルデンのラット肝ミトコンドリアの酸化的リン酸化に対する作用について341349ENNobuyukiNoguchiIn order to clarify the cytotoxicity of chlordane (industrial product as insecticide), the effect on oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria was studied. The respiration rate. RCI and ADP/O ratio were inhibited by chlordane related compounds, and the degree of inhibition was in the descending order of trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide. Of the indexes indicating various respiratory activities, state 3 respiration was the most sensitively inhibited by these compounds, suggesting their energy transfer inhibition. However, electron transport was also inhibited by high concentrations of chlordane constituents. The inhibitory effect of the chlordane constituents on respiratory activity varied depending on the species of respiratory substrate, suggesting site specificity of these compounds. Trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane and heptachlor stimulated Mg(2+) ATPase activity and inhibited DNP-stimulated ATPase activity. Heptachlorepoxide, a metabolic product of heptachlor, has less effect on mitochondria than heptachlor.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558997-81987イソフルレン麻酔の循環動態と血中カテコラミン濃度に関する実験的研究10171029ENShigehiroSakanoIn the present study, dogs were administered isoflurane at 3 concentrations, 1.5%, 2.2% and 3%, for 135 min. The end-tidal concentrations and blood concentrations of isoflurane were determined, and the relation between circulation dynamics and blood catecholamine concentrations was examined. In addition, the effect of a pain stimulation, given 120 min. after starting the inhalation, on the circulation dynamics and blood catecholamine concentrations was investigated. From 30 min. after the inhalation was begun, the anesthetic depth was maintained at 1MAC, 1.5MAC and 2MAC at the isoflurane inhalation concentrations of 1.5%, 2.2% and 3%, respectively. The blood isoflurane concentrations changed proportionally with the end-tidal concentrations: 9.8 mg/dl at 1MAC, 14.8 mg/dl at 1.5MAC and 19.0 mg/dl at 2MAC. The correlations between the blood isoflurane concentrations during inhalation and several parameters of circulatory dynamics were highly negative. The correlation coefficients were γ=-0.888 (mean arterial pressure), γ=-0.726 (heart rate), γ=-0.743 (cardiac index) and γ=-0.855 (left ventricular peak dp/dt/IP). On the other hand, the correlation between the blood isoflurane concentrations and the systemic vascular resistance was low (γ=-0.515). Highly negative correlations were found between the blood isoflurane concentrations during inhalation and the blood catecholamine concentrations: adrenaline, γ=-0.864; noradrenaline, γ=-0.687. The results of the present study indicate that isoflurane suppresses the circulatory dynamics, and that this suppression is due in part to the suppression of the sympathetic nervous system and adrenal system, as indicated by the blood catecholamine levels. However, while the catecholamine levels recovered after termination of the inhalation, none of the parameters of circulatory dynamics returned to pre-inhalation levels except the mean arterial pressure. The recovery of the heart rate, cardiac index and left ventricular peak dp/dt/IP was poor, indicating that myocardial suppression due to isoflurane continued even after anethesia was discontinued. The pain stimulation given 120 min into the inhalation period did not lead to any significant changes in the circulatory dynamics in any group, but it did cause a significant rise in the blood catecholamine concentration in the 1.5% (1MAC) group. This result indicates that the 1MAC isoflurane anethesia is not deep enough to block the centripetal impulse resulting from the stimulation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学医学部附属病院三朝分院Acta Medica Okayama0913-3771631992冷え性婦人の病態生理学的検討―第3報,冷え性婦人の性格･生活習慣･食事の嗜好調査―7984ENAkimasaTakatoriHiroyukiOkudaJunkoSakataJunkoFujiiYoshiroTanizaki10.18926/15329冷え性の発現は寒冷刺激に対する血管運動性体温調節と密接に関係しているが,患者の性格･生活習慣･食事の嗜好等にも関わっていると考えられる｡そこで今回は冷え性婦人100名を対象にCMl調査と35項目にのぼるアンケート調査を行った｡その結果,冷え性の増悪因子として,日頃の運動不足･神経症的性格傾向･過労･食べ物の嗜好がクローズアップされ,この面での生活指導が冷え性の治療を行っていく上で,薬物的な治療と並んで重要であることか示唆された。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155810341991特発性血小板減少性紫斑病 (ITP)に関する臨床的研究 第1編 ITP の予後と血小板表面関連免疫グロブリン platelet associated IgG (PAIgG) との関係359371ENNaokazuTsurumiPlatelet associated IgG (PAIgG) levels in 45 ITP patients were measured by the single radialimmunodiffusion (SRID) technique to determine whether PAIgG could be used as a prgnostic index for ITP. The PAIgG levels in ITP patients were significantly higher than those in normal controls and showed an inverse correlation with the platelet count (Y221.9-13.4X,p<0.01). The PAIgG level decreased significantly after the first course of steroid therapy in both the steroid responsive and the steroid resistant ITP patients. However, in the clinically stable period, the PAIgG level in the steroid resistant patients remainde significantly higher than in the responsive patients (p<0.005). Although the PAIgG level after splenectomy decreased significantly(p<0.05) in the patients with complete remission, it remained remained significantly higher (p<0.05)in the nonresponders. Maximum platelet count after therapy divided by the number of days elapsing from the time of therapy to the day showing the maximum platelet count, was significantly higher in the responders.
The PAIgG level in the stable period after steroid therapy, and the rate of increase in the platelet counts in the early period after steroid therapy were suggested to be useful as indices of the prognosis of ITP.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15581039-101991間質性肺疾患における肺胞マクロファージに関する研究 第2編 サルコイドーシスにおける肺胞マクロファージ活性と疾患活動性との比較について10971102ENShigeeHosoyaSeveral abnormalities of alveolar macrophage function were found in patients with sarcoidosis, and such abnormalities reflected the recruitment of immature macrophages to the local sites. In this study, alveolar macrophage function was compared with the disease activity in patients with sarcoidosis. The alveolar macrophage phagocytic index correlated closely with the spleen index obtained by ultrasonography, but not with serum angiotensin converting enzyme levels, lung function tests, or the cell differentiations of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The patients who had a positive uptake of 67-gallium scintigram showed a higher phagocytic index and a higher percentage of CD15-positive alveolar macrophages than those with negative scintigrams. Acid phosphatase activity and the percentage of CD15-positive alveolar macrophages were increased in patients with negative PPD skin tests compared to those with positive tests. We previously reported that alveolar lymphocytes in patients with sacroidosis are sensitized to Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), which may play a significant role in the induction of alveolitis in these patients. There was a significant correlation between the blastogenesis of alveolar lymphocytes induced by P. acnes and beta-galactosidase activity as well as the percentage of CD14-positive alveolar macrophages. These findings suggest that alveolar macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, in which the clinical abnormalities may reflect abnormal alveolar macrophage function.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15581039-101991間質性肺疾患における肺胞マクロファージに関する研究 第1編 肺胞マクロファージの機能，胞体内ライソゾーム酵素活性，膜表面抗原の検討10891095ENShigeeHosoyaInterstitial lung diseases comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by the chronic accumulation of inflammatory and immune effector cells within the alveoli, where they produce alveolitis, granulomas, or fibrosis. To investigate the pathogenesis of these diseases, the fucntions of alveolar macrophages recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage were evaluated in patients with interstitial lung disease in comparison to healthy controls. Thirty six patients were investigated : 18 with sarcoidosis, 6 with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), 5 with interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular disease (IP-CVD), and 7 with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Both the chemotactic and phagocytic indices were significantly higher in the patients with sarcoidosis, IIP, and HP than in the healthy subjects. However, the patients with IP-CVD had a lower phagocytic index than the normal subjects. Acid phosphatase activity was lower in patients with IIP, IP-CVD, and HP compared with the healthy subjects, while beta-galactosidase activity was lower in patients with sarcoidosis and IP-CVD compared with the normal controls. Analysis of surface markers showed that CD15-positive macrophages were increased in patients with sarcoidosis, IIP, and HP, but there were no differences in CD14- and HLA-DR-positive macrophages in these patients when compared to the healthy subjects. These findings indicate that the recruitment of peripheral blood monocytes to the lungs is increased in patients with sarcoidosis, IIP, and HP. Alveolar macrophages may play an important role in the pathogenesis of intersitial lung disease.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155810511-121993悪性リンパ腫の化学療法に関する研究 第2編 血液腫瘍細胞に対する in vitro の薬剤併用効果：Median effect analysis による検討10191030ENKunioUenoTo establish an effective combination chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies, the combined effects of four anthracycline-anthraquinones and five other drugs were assessed in vitro. The anthracycline-anthraquinones were adriamycin (ADM), aclarubicin (ACR), THP-adriamycin (THP-ADM), mitoxantrone (MXT) and five other drugs were 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4HO(2)-CTX), cytarabine (Ara-C), vincristine (VCR), etoposide (ETP), cisplatin (CDDP). Median effect analysis presented by Chou and Talalay was used to assess the combined effects of these drugs on two cell lines (HL-60 and Raji). In addition, the ratio of maximal tolerable dose (MTD) to the dose that produced 50% growth inhibition (Dm) was calculated to estimate the clinical activity of each drug. Data of MTD/Dm indicated that THP-ADM and MXT might be clinically superior to ADM and ACR. The results of median effect analysis shown by a combination index were as follows : As to HL-60 cells that were derived from acute promyelocytic leukemia cells, synergistic effects were seen in the combination of ACR and Ara-C, THP-ADM and CDDP, MXT and 4HO2-CTX, MXT and Ara-C, MXT and VCR, MXT and ETP, indicating that MXT showed efficient synergistic effects when combined with other drugs. As to Raji cells that were derived from Burkitt's lymphoma cells, synergistic effects were observed in the combinations of ADM and ETP, ADM and CDDP, ACR and VCR,THP-ADM and VCR, THP-ADM and ETP, THP-ADM and CDDP, MXT and VCR, indicating that THP-ADM showed efficient synergistic effects when combined with other drugs.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155810511-121993薬剤誘起性アレルギー性呼吸器疾患の発症病態に関する研究 第2編 動物モデルによる肺好酸球症の検討957964ENTakashiMifuneTo clarify the pathogenesis of respiratory disease induced by drug allergy, an animal model of eosinophilic lung disease induced by drug was developed. Administration of an aerosol of piperacillin (PIPC) to guinea pigs immunized with emulsion of PIPC and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) produced diffuse interstitial lung disease with alveolar wall thickening and alveolitis characterized by marked increase in eosinophils and mononuclear cells. A significant increase of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was shown in PIPC＋CFA-sensitized animals compared with that in non-sensitized, PIPC-sensitized and CFA-sensitized animals. Using lymphocytes from BAL fluid, drug lymphocyte stimulation test (DLST) revealed a higher stimulation index (S. I.) than that using lymphocytes from peripheral blood tn 5 of seven animals. These findings suggest that eosinophils and lymphocytes (especially lymphocytes sensitized by antigen) play important roles in drug-induced respiratory disease. Furthermore, it is considered that lung lymphocytes were more active than lymphocytes in peripheral blood in the experiment, and local lymphocytes in BAL contributed to the pathogenesis of the respiratory disease induced by drug allergy.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155810511-121993薬剤誘起性アレルギー性呼吸器疾患の発症病態に関する研究 第1編 病像とアレルギー学的検査成績による臨床的検討945955ENTakashiMifuneTo clarify the pathogenesis of respiratory disease induced by drug allergy, clinical features and allergic examinations were evaluated in 9 patients (10 episodes). The ten episodes were classified as a case with bronchospasm, 7 cases with PIE (pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia) syndrome and 2 cases with IP (interstitial pneumonia) according to clinical features and chest X-ray findings. In the case of bronchospasm, serum IgE level was low and Prausnitz-Kustner reaction was negative. However, increased LTC4 and LTD4 production in peripheral leukocytes and a normal level of histamine release in whole blood induced by the causative drug were shown. All cases of PIE syndrome revealed positive DLST (drug lymphocyte stimulation test). Four of 7 cases with PIE syndrome had high levels of serum IgE. One case showed decreased serum IgE level as the pulmonary infiltrtation shadow improved. In cases of IP, positive DLST and increased lymphocytes in BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) fluid were shown. Four cases of PIE syndrome and a case of IP underwent BAL revealing an increase of eosinophils in all cases and an increase of lymphocytes of 3/5 cases. DLST using BAL lymphocyte revealed a higher stimulation index compared to that using peripheral lymphocyte. These results suggest that non-IgE-mediated allergic reaction in bronchospasm, IgE-mediated allergic reaction in PIE syndrome, and cell-mediated allergic reaction in PIE syndrome and IP are involved in pulmonary changes induced by drug allergy.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15581063-41994多発性骨髄腫における化学療法の治療効果と骨病変に関する臨床的検討 第2編 骨髄腫における骨状態の検討199209ENKenIzumiBone status is the most important finding in multiple myeloma. The changes in the bone were examined by various methods such as elcation test, bone x-ray, bone scintigraphy, urine hydroxyproline and quantitative bone mineral by computed tomography (QCT). The elcation test was evaluated in 87 patients with multiple myeloma and 15 with osteopor-osis. The maximum value of hypocalcemia induced by elcatonin was ≧0.25 mmol/L which was considered as an abnormal response compared with the mormal response. The elcationin test is related to the prevailing rate of osteoclastic bone resorption. Myeloma patients with advanced bone disease (multiple lytic lesion, Mixed type) had a higher abnormal response such as hypercalcemia, hyper ALP, hot of the bone status, urine hydroxproline and decrease in the bone mineral then myeloma patients with slight bone disease (diffuse proliferation type). Moreover, the elcation test can indicate whether the durg will be effective in the hyper calcemia. We conclude that the elcation test is important in the evaluation of the bone resorption as a simple test for the prognosis and followed up the skeletal disease in the patients with multiple myeloma.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学教室Acta Medica Okayama1340-74141212005Major-element geochemistry of Proterozoic Prince's Town granitoid from the southern Ashanti volcanic belt, Ghana1530ENTsugioShibata10.18926/ESR/13853The Pateoproterozoic metavolcanic rocks of the southern Ashanti greenstone belt of Ghana are intruded by three major suites of granitoids, locally called Prince's Town, Dixcove and Ketan plutons. The Prince's Town pluton is the largest intrusive body in the Axim area, and tends to separate the Axim volcanic branch from the Cape Three Points branch. The Pluton consists of granitic to dioritic rocks, which are generally massive but occasionally display alignment of ferromagnesian minerals. The rocks contain mainly plagioclase, K-feldspar, quartz, amphibole, biotite and opaques. The feldspars are mostly sericitized and saussuritized, and alteration of amphibole and biotite to epidote and chlorite is common. Accessory minerals include apatite, sphene and zircon. The geochemical data indicate that the rocks are tonalitic to granodioritic in composoition, metaluminous (ASI<1) and have I-type characteristics. The granitoids have the SiO2 content of 63-70% ; total iron, as Fe2 O3 of 3.10-5.80% ; (Na2O+K2O) content of 5.01-6.96% and Na2O/K2O ratios from 1.34 to 2.70 ; and are characterized by Mg# ranging from 53 to 48. The Fe*(=FeOtot/FeOtot+MgO) and modified alkali-lime index (MALI) of the rocks indicate that the Prince's Town pluton is dominantly magnesian and calcic in nature. Higher values in molar CaO/(MgO+FeOtot) coupled with low molar AI2O3/(MgO+FeOtot) may suggest their derivation from partial melting of metabasaltic to metatonalitic sourcc, with a possible contribution from metagreywacke, but preclude any contribution from metapelitic sources. The Birimaian metavolcanic rocks are the likely source material candidate for the rocks. CIPW norm calculations yielded a crystallization temperature of〜650-685℃ and a pressure of 4-7kb for the rocks, suggesting a lower crustal souree. The Prince's Town plutonic rocks also show characteristice of plutons emplaced in a volcanic are tectonic setting environment. This observation is largely consistent with previous studies conducted on granitoids from other parts of the southern Ashanti greenstone belt c and the belt-type granitoids of Ghana as a whole.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学医学部附属環境病態研究施設, 岡山大学医学部附属病院三朝分院Acta Medica Okayama0913-3771621991慢性膵炎患者の食事調査1115ENKanaeHayashimotoKojiOchiHideoHaradaJuntaroTanakaMasaeTakumaEtsukoMasuiYoshiroTanizakiShujiMatsumotoToshinobuSenoMichihiroIzushi10.18926/11664食事療法は慢性膵炎治療の基本として重要であるが，その具体的な内容についてはあまり明確にされていない。今回，筆者らは慢性膵炎例の食事に関する全国調査の一部を担当したので，その成績を報告し，問題点と対策について考察した。対象は慢性膵炎間欠期の患者56名（男44名，女12名）である。(1)エネルギー摂取量では1日1,400kcal以下が16名（29％）にみられ，肥満度80〜90％が7名および80％以下が9名という栄養状態と考え合わせて，食事の回数を増やしてでも摂取エネルギーの改善をはかる必要がある。(2)蛋白質および脂質摂取量についても同様な成績であり，消化酵素剤を投与しながら量的，質的な改善をはかる必要がある。(3)糖質については質的改善をはかる必要がある。(4)ビタミンとミネラルも不足傾向にあった。野菜の摂取不足が顕著であった。(5)診断確定後も禁酒できない患者が男17名(39％)，女1名(8％)にみられ，その指導が重要な課題である。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.