start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=321 end-page=343 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250220 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Dormancy Release and Growth Resumption in Japanese Cedar in the Warm-Temperate Zone en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Global warming will disturb dormancy release and growth resumption of trees. To better understand this process, it is important to investigate physiological and biochemical traits related to these stages. We examined dormancy release and growth resumption in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica [L.] D. Don), an evergreen needle-leaved tree, in the warm-temperate zone by evaluating budbreak under growth-promoting conditions, and simultaneously examining respiration rates and contents of carbohydrates and phytohormones in shoots from November 2022 to March 2023. A long time to budbreak and the lowest budbreak rates of 75% in November indicated shallow dormancy. Budbreak rates of 98%, short time to budbreak, and first appearance of budbreak in the field in March indicated growth resumption. Continuous changes in budbreak rates and time to budbreak between dormancy and growth resumption indicated dormancy was gradually released. Surges in budbreak rates in December indicated dormancy was almost completely released by early winter. Contents of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) decreased from November, remained low in March, and were strongly associated with budbreak rates according to principal component analysis. It was suggested that the depletion of SA led to the depletion of ABA, contributing to dormancy release and growth resumption. Fructose and trans-zeatin accumulated until February, and low levels of starch, indole-3-acetic acid, jasmonic acid, and jasmonic acid-isoleucine during winter was followed by accumulation in March. Although these biochemical traits were less related to budbreak rates compared to ABA and SA, they seemed to assist either dormancy release or growth resumption. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HiejimaShoma en-aut-sei=Hiejima en-aut-mei=Shoma kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SeinoHiroto en-aut-sei=Seino en-aut-mei=Hiroto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HachisukaRico en-aut-sei=Hachisuka en-aut-mei=Rico kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeYuka en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Yuka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuuraTakakazu en-aut-sei=Matsuura en-aut-mei=Takakazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriIzumi C. en-aut-sei=Mori en-aut-mei=Izumi C. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=UgawaShin en-aut-sei=Ugawa en-aut-mei=Shin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University kn-affil= en-keyword=Japanese cedar kn-keyword=Japanese cedar en-keyword=Warm-temperate zone kn-keyword=Warm-temperate zone en-keyword=Dormancy release kn-keyword=Dormancy release en-keyword=Growth resumption kn-keyword=Growth resumption en-keyword=Physio-biochemical traits kn-keyword=Physio-biochemical traits END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250620 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=International Consensus Histopathological Criteria for Subtyping Idiopathic Multicentric Castleman Disease Based on Machine Learning Analysis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder classified into three recognized clinical subtypes—idiopathic plasmacytic lymphadenopathy (IPL), TAFRO, and NOS. Although clinical criteria are available for subtyping, diagnostically challenging cases with overlapping histopathological features highlight the need for an improved classification system integrating clinical and histopathological findings. We aimed to develop an objective histopathological subtyping system for iMCD that closely correlates with the clinical subtypes. Excisional lymph node specimens from 94 Japanese iMCD patients (54 IPL, 28 TAFRO, 12 NOS) were analyzed for five key histopathological parameters: germinal center (GC) status, plasmacytosis, vascularity, hemosiderin deposition, and “whirlpool” vessel formation in GC. Using hierarchical clustering, we visualized subgroups and developed a machine learning-based decision tree to differentiate the clinical subtypes and validated it in an external cohort of 12 patients with iMCD. Hierarchical cluster analysis separated the IPL and TAFRO cases into mutually exclusive clusters, whereas the NOS cases were interspersed between them. Decision tree modeling identified plasmacytosis, vascularity, and whirlpool vessel formation as key features distinguishing IPL from TAFRO, achieving 91% and 92% accuracy in the training and test sets, respectively. External validation correctly classified all IPL and TAFRO cases, confirming the reproducibility of the system. Our histopathological classification system closely aligns with the clinical subtypes, offering a more precise approach to iMCD subtyping. It may enhance diagnostic accuracy, guide clinical decision-making for predicting treatment response in challenging cases, and improve patient selection for future research. Further validation of its versatility and clinical utility is required. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NishimuraMidori Filiz en-aut-sei=Nishimura en-aut-mei=Midori Filiz kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HaratakeTomoka en-aut-sei=Haratake en-aut-mei=Tomoka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishimuraYoshito en-aut-sei=Nishimura en-aut-mei=Yoshito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishikoriAsami en-aut-sei=Nishikori en-aut-mei=Asami kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SumiyoshiRemi en-aut-sei=Sumiyoshi en-aut-mei=Remi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=UjiieHideki en-aut-sei=Ujiie en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawaharaYuri en-aut-sei=Kawahara en-aut-mei=Yuri kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KogaTomohiro en-aut-sei=Koga en-aut-mei=Tomohiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=UekiMasao en-aut-sei=Ueki en-aut-mei=Masao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=LaczkoDorottya en-aut-sei=Laczko en-aut-mei=Dorottya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=OksenhendlerEric en-aut-sei=Oksenhendler en-aut-mei=Eric kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=FajgenbaumDavid C. en-aut-sei=Fajgenbaum en-aut-mei=David C. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=van RheeFrits en-aut-sei=van Rhee en-aut-mei=Frits kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawakamiAtsushi en-aut-sei=Kawakami en-aut-mei=Atsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoYasuharu en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Yasuharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Molecular Hematopathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Molecular Hematopathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Molecular Hematopathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=The Research Program for Intractable Disease by Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Castleman Disease, TAFRO and Related Ddisease Research Group kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Molecular Hematopathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Molecular Hematopathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=The Research Program for Intractable Disease by Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Castleman Disease, TAFRO and Related Ddisease Research Group kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=School of Information and Data Sciences, Nagasaki University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Saint-Louis kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Center for Cytokine Storm Treatment and Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=The Research Program for Intractable Disease by Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Castleman Disease, TAFRO and Related Ddisease Research Group kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Department of Molecular Hematopathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=clinical subtype kn-keyword=clinical subtype en-keyword=histopathological criteria kn-keyword=histopathological criteria en-keyword=idiopathic multicentric castleman disease kn-keyword=idiopathic multicentric castleman disease en-keyword=lymphoproliferative disease kn-keyword=lymphoproliferative disease en-keyword=machine-learning kn-keyword=machine-learning END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=15 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=668 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250310 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Robustness of Machine Learning Predictions for Determining Whether Deep Inspiration Breath-Hold Is Required in Breast Cancer Radiation Therapy en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background/Objectives: Deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) is a commonly used technique to reduce the mean heart dose (MHD), which is critical for minimizing late cardiac side effects in breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT). Although previous studies have explored the potential of machine learning (ML) to predict which patients might benefit from DIBH, none have rigorously assessed ML model performance across various MHD thresholds and parameter settings. This study aims to evaluate the robustness of ML models in predicting the need for DIBH across different clinical scenarios. Methods: Using data from 207 breast cancer patients treated with RT, we developed and tested ML models at three MHD cut-off values (240, 270, and 300 cGy), considering variations in the number of independent variables (three vs. six) and folds in the cross-validation (three, four, and five). Robustness was defined as achieving high F2 scores and low instability in predictive performance. Results: Our findings indicate that the decision tree (DT) model demonstrated consistently high robustness at 240 and 270 cGy, while the random forest model performed optimally at 300 cGy. At 240 cGy, a threshold critical to minimize late cardiac risks, the DT model exhibited stable predictive power, reducing the risk of overestimating DIBH necessity. Conclusions: These results suggest that the DT model, particularly at lower MHD thresholds, may be the most reliable for clinical applications. By providing a tool for targeted DIBH implementation, this model has the potential to enhance patient-specific treatment planning and improve clinical outcomes in RT. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Al-HammadWlla E. en-aut-sei=Al-Hammad en-aut-mei=Wlla E. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurodaMasahiro en-aut-sei=Kuroda en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=Al JamalJamal, Ghaida en-aut-sei=Al Jamal en-aut-mei=Jamal, Ghaida kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujikuraMamiko en-aut-sei=Fujikura en-aut-mei=Mamiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KamizakiRyo en-aut-sei=Kamizaki en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurodaKazuhiro en-aut-sei=Kuroda en-aut-mei=Kazuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshidaSuzuka en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Suzuka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakamuraYoshihide en-aut-sei=Nakamura en-aut-mei=Yoshihide kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=OitaMasataka en-aut-sei=Oita en-aut-mei=Masataka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanabeYoshinori en-aut-sei=Tanabe en-aut-mei=Yoshinori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=SugimotoKohei en-aut-sei=Sugimoto en-aut-mei=Kohei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=SugiantoIrfan en-aut-sei=Sugianto en-aut-mei=Irfan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=BarhamMajd en-aut-sei=Barham en-aut-mei=Majd kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=TekikiNouha en-aut-sei=Tekiki en-aut-mei=Nouha kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=HisatomiMiki en-aut-sei=Hisatomi en-aut-mei=Miki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=AsaumiJunichi en-aut-sei=Asaumi en-aut-mei=Junichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Department of Dentistry and Dental Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=16 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=breast cancer kn-keyword=breast cancer en-keyword=radiation therapy kn-keyword=radiation therapy en-keyword=heart dose kn-keyword=heart dose en-keyword=cut-off value kn-keyword=cut-off value en-keyword=machine learning kn-keyword=machine learning en-keyword=robustness kn-keyword=robustness en-keyword=instability kn-keyword=instability en-keyword=F2 score kn-keyword=F2 score en-keyword=deep inspiration breath-hold technique kn-keyword=deep inspiration breath-hold technique en-keyword=computed tomography kn-keyword=computed tomography END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=14 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=217 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250121 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Interchangeability of Cross-Platform Orthophotographic and LiDAR Data in DeepLabV3+-Based Land Cover Classification Method en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Riverine environmental information includes important data to collect, and the data collection still requires personnel's field surveys. These on-site tasks still face significant limitations (i.e., hard or danger to entry). In recent years, as one of the efficient approaches for data collection, air-vehicle-based Light Detection and Ranging technologies have already been applied in global environmental research, i.e., land cover classification (LCC) or environmental monitoring. For this study, the authors specifically focused on seven types of LCC (i.e., bamboo, tree, grass, bare ground, water, road, and clutter) that can be parameterized for flood simulation. A validated airborne LiDAR bathymetry system (ALB) and a UAV-borne green LiDAR System (GLS) were applied in this study for cross-platform analysis of LCC. Furthermore, LiDAR data were visualized using high-contrast color scales to improve the accuracy of land cover classification methods through image fusion techniques. If high-resolution aerial imagery is available, then it must be downscaled to match the resolution of low-resolution point clouds. Cross-platform data interchangeability was assessed by comparing the interchangeability, which measures the absolute difference in overall accuracy (OA) or macro-F1 by comparing the cross-platform interchangeability. It is noteworthy that relying solely on aerial photographs is inadequate for achieving precise labeling, particularly under limited sunlight conditions that can lead to misclassification. In such cases, LiDAR plays a crucial role in facilitating target recognition. All the approaches (i.e., low-resolution digital imagery, LiDAR-derived imagery and image fusion) present results of over 0.65 OA and of around 0.6 macro-F1. The authors found that the vegetation (bamboo, tree, grass) and road species have comparatively better performance compared with clutter and bare ground species. Given the stated conditions, differences in the species derived from different years (ALB from year 2017 and GLS from year 2020) are the main reason. Because the identification of clutter species includes all the items except for the relative species in this research, RGB-based features of the clutter species cannot be substituted easily because of the 3-year gap compared with other species. Derived from on-site reconstruction, the bare ground species also has a further color change between ALB and GLS that leads to decreased interchangeability. In the case of individual species, without considering seasons and platforms, image fusion can classify bamboo and trees with higher F1 scores compared to low-resolution digital imagery and LiDAR-derived imagery, which has especially proved the cross-platform interchangeability in the high vegetation types. In recent years, high-resolution photography (UAV), high-precision LiDAR measurement (ALB, GLS), and satellite imagery have been used. LiDAR measurement equipment is expensive, and measurement opportunities are limited. Based on this, it would be desirable if ALB and GLS could be continuously classified by Artificial Intelligence, and in this study, the authors investigated such data interchangeability. A unique and crucial aspect of this study is exploring the interchangeability of land cover classification models across different LiDAR platforms. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=PanShijun en-aut-sei=Pan en-aut-mei=Shijun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshidaKeisuke en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Keisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishiyamaSatoshi en-aut-sei=Nishiyama en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KojimaTakashi en-aut-sei=Kojima en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HashimotoYutaro en-aut-sei=Hashimoto en-aut-mei=Yutaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=TOKEN C. E. E. Consultants Co., Ltd. kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=airborne LiDAR bathymetry kn-keyword=airborne LiDAR bathymetry en-keyword=cross-platform kn-keyword=cross-platform en-keyword=deep learning kn-keyword=deep learning en-keyword=green LiDAR system kn-keyword=green LiDAR system en-keyword=riverine land cover classification kn-keyword=riverine land cover classification END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=78 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=459 end-page=464 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=202412 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Traumatic Neuroma Arising from Surgical Trauma during Conversion from Laparoscopic to Open Cholecystectomy en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Traumatic neuroma is an abnormal proliferation of injured nerves resulting from trauma or surgery. We present a case of traumatic neuroma arising in the cystic duct after cholecystectomy. A 66-year-old man was referred to our department due to a biliary tumor. He had undergone cholecystectomy 20 years prior. Cholangioscopy showed an elevated lesion covered with smooth mucosa. Histological examination revealed normal bile duct mucosa. Although benign disease was suspected, the possibilities of malignant disease could not be excluded. Extrahepatic bile duct resection was planned to include intraoperative rapid-freezing of a biopsy specimen followed by histopathological examination. These intraoperative histology results showed proliferation of nerve and fibrous tissue only, resulting in the diagnosis of traumatic neuroma, so no lymph nodes were removed. To avoid excessive surgical intervention, histopathological examination of an intraoperative rapid-frozen biopsy specimen may be important for diagnosing traumatic neuroma. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SakamotoShinya en-aut-sei=Sakamoto en-aut-mei=Shinya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TabuchiMotoyasu en-aut-sei=Tabuchi en-aut-mei=Motoyasu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshimatsuRika en-aut-sei=Yoshimatsu en-aut-mei=Rika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumotoManabu en-aut-sei=Matsumoto en-aut-mei=Manabu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=IwataJun en-aut-sei=Iwata en-aut-mei=Jun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkabayashiTakehiro en-aut-sei=Okabayashi en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Kochi Health Sciences Center kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kochi Health Sciences Center kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kochi Health Sciences Center kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center kn-affil= en-keyword=traumatic neuroma kn-keyword=traumatic neuroma en-keyword=biliary stricture kn-keyword=biliary stricture en-keyword=cholecystectomy kn-keyword=cholecystectomy en-keyword=cholangiography kn-keyword=cholangiography en-keyword=intraoperative rapid-frozen biopsy kn-keyword=intraoperative rapid-frozen biopsy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=26 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=198 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20241112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Clinical practice pattern of Pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study from lupus registry of nationwide institutions (LUNA) en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunistic infection in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, such as glucocorticoid (GC) medication, for systemic autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Despite the confirmed effectiveness of PCP prophylaxis, its clinical administration, especially in conjunction with GC dosage, remains unclear. We aimed to describe the clinical practice of PCP prophylaxis in association with SLE in Japan, evaluate the relationship between GC dosage and PCP prophylaxis, and explore the practice patterns associated with PCP prophylaxis.
Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the Lupus Registry of Nationwide Institutions in Japan from 2016 to 2021 and included patients diagnosed with SLE. Using descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis, and decision tree analysis, we examined the prevalence of PCP prophylaxis and its association with the GC dosage.
Results Out of 1,460 patients, 21% underwent PCP prophylaxis. The frequency of prophylaxis decreased with a decrease in GC dosage. After adjusting for confounders, logistic regression revealed the odds ratio of PCP prophylaxis increased with higher prednisolone (PSL) doses: 3.7 for 5 <= PSL < 7.5 mg, 5.2 for 7.5 <= PSL < 10 mg, 9.0 for 10 <= PSL < 20 mg, and 43.1 for PSL >= 20 mg, using PSL < 5 mg as the reference. Decision tree analysis indicated that a PSL dosage of < 11 mg/day and immunosuppressant use were key determinants of PCP prophylaxis.
Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into PCP prophylaxis practices in patients with SLE in Japan, underscoring the importance of GC dosage and concomitant immunosuppressant use. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OnishiTakahisa en-aut-sei=Onishi en-aut-mei=Takahisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SadaKen-Ei en-aut-sei=Sada en-aut-mei=Ken-Ei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HayashiKeigo en-aut-sei=Hayashi en-aut-mei=Keigo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyawakiYoshia en-aut-sei=Miyawaki en-aut-mei=Yoshia kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshimiRyusuke en-aut-sei=Yoshimi en-aut-mei=Ryusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimojimaYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Shimojima en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhnoShigeru en-aut-sei=Ohno en-aut-mei=Shigeru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KajiyamaHiroshi en-aut-sei=Kajiyama en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=IchinoseKunihiro en-aut-sei=Ichinose en-aut-mei=Kunihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoShuzo en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Shuzo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiwaraMichio en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=Michio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=YajimaNobuyuki en-aut-sei=Yajima en-aut-mei=Nobuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=KidaTakashi en-aut-sei=Kida en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoYusuke en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishimuraKeisuke en-aut-sei=Nishimura en-aut-mei=Keisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamaneTakashi en-aut-sei=Yamane en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Rheumatology, Kakogawa Central City Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Yokohama City University Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Rheumatology and Applied Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Rheumatology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Infammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Kyosai Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=16 en-affil=Department of Rheumatology, Kakogawa Central City Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=Systemic lupus erythematosus kn-keyword=Systemic lupus erythematosus en-keyword=Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia kn-keyword=Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia en-keyword=Glucocorticoid kn-keyword=Glucocorticoid en-keyword=Immunosuppressant kn-keyword=Immunosuppressant en-keyword=Practice pattern kn-keyword=Practice pattern END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=15 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1339958 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240829 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Illumina-based transcriptomic analysis of the fast-growing leguminous tree Acacia crassicarpa: functional gene annotation and identification of novel SSR-markers en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Acacia crassicarpa is a fast-growing leguminous tree that is widely cultivated in tropical areas such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Australia, and southern China. This tree has versatile utility in timber, furniture, and pulp production. Illumina sequencing of A. crassicarpa was conducted, and the raw data of 124,410,892 reads were filtered and assembled de novo into 93,317 unigenes, with a total of 84,411,793 bases. Blast2GO annotation, Benchmark Universal Single-Copy Ortholog evaluation, and GO-term classification produced a catalogue of unigenes for studying primary metabolism, phytohormone signaling, and transcription factors. Massive transcriptomic analysis has identified microsatellites composed of simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci representing di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide repeat units in the predicted open reading frames. Polymorphism was induced by PCR amplification of microsatellite loci located in several genes encoding auxin response factors and other transcription factors, which successfully distinguished 16 local trees of A. crassicarpa tested, representing potentially exploitable molecular markers for efficient tree breeding for plantation and biomass exploitation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IshioShougo en-aut-sei=Ishio en-aut-mei=Shougo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KusunokiKazutaka en-aut-sei=Kusunoki en-aut-mei=Kazutaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NemotoMichiko en-aut-sei=Nemoto en-aut-mei=Michiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanaoTadayoshi en-aut-sei=Kanao en-aut-mei=Tadayoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TamuraTakashi en-aut-sei=Tamura en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Tsukuba Research Institute, Sumitomo Forestry Co. Ltd. kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Tsukuba Research Institute, Sumitomo Forestry Co. Ltd. kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Environment, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Environment, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Global Human Resource Development, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Acacia crassicarpa kn-keyword=Acacia crassicarpa en-keyword= illumina sequencing kn-keyword= illumina sequencing en-keyword= polymorphism kn-keyword= polymorphism en-keyword= auxin response factor kn-keyword= auxin response factor en-keyword= lignin kn-keyword= lignin END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=38 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=2398895 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=2024 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Surrogate-Assisted Multi-Objective Optimization for Simultaneous Three-Dimensional Packing and Motion Planning Problems Using the Sequence-Triple Representation en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Packing problems are classical optimization problems with wide-ranging applications. With the advancement of robotic manipulation, there are growing demands for the automation of packing tasks. However, the simultaneous optimization of packing and the robot's motion planning is challenging because these two decisions are interconnected, and no previous study has addressed this optimization problem. This paper presents a framework to simultaneously determine the robot's motion planning and packing decision to minimize the robot's processing time and the container's volume. This framework comprises three key components: solution encoding, surrogate modeling, and evolutionary computation. The sequence-triple representation encodes complex packing solutions by a sequence of integers. A surrogate model is trained to predict the processing time for a given packing solution to reduce the computational burden. Training data is generated by solving the motion planning problem for a set of packing solutions using the rapidly exploring random tree algorithm. The Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II searches for the Pareto solutions. Experimental evaluations are conducted using a 6-DOF robot manipulator. The experimental results suggest that implementing the surrogate model can reduce the computational time by 91.1%. The proposed surrogate-assisted optimization method can obtain significantly better solutions than the joint angular velocity-based estimation method. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=LiuZiang en-aut-sei=Liu en-aut-mei=Ziang kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawabeTomoya en-aut-sei=Kawabe en-aut-mei=Tomoya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishiTatsushi en-aut-sei=Nishi en-aut-mei=Tatsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ItoShun en-aut-sei=Ito en-aut-mei=Shun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiwaraTomofumi en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=Tomofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Packing problem kn-keyword=Packing problem en-keyword=sequence-triple kn-keyword=sequence-triple en-keyword=motion planning kn-keyword=motion planning en-keyword=surrogate model kn-keyword=surrogate model en-keyword=multi-objective optimization kn-keyword=multi-objective optimization END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=436 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=168319 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240301 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Molecular Property, Manipulation, and Potential Use of Opn5 and Its Homologs en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Animal opsin is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and binds retinal as a chromophore to form a photopigment. The Opsin 5 (Opn5) group within the animal opsin family comprises a diverse array of related proteins, such as Opn5m, a protein conserved across all vertebrate lineages including mammals, and other members like Opn5L1 and Opn5L2 found in non-mammalian vertebrate genomes, and Opn6 found in non-therian vertebrate genomes, along with Opn5 homologs present in invertebrates. Although these proteins collectively constitute a single clade within the molecular phylogenetic tree of animal opsins, they exhibit markedly distinct molecular characteristics in areas such as retinal binding properties, photoreaction, and G-protein coupling specificity. Based on their molecular features, they are believed to play a significant role in physiological functions. However, our understanding of their precise physiological functions and molecular characteristics is still developing and only partially realized. Furthermore, their unique molecular characteristics of Opn5-related proteins suggest a high potential for their use as optogenetic tools through more specialized manipulations. This review intends to encapsulate our current understanding of Opn5, discuss potential manipulations of its molecular attributes, and delve into its prospective utility in the burgeoning field of animal opsin optogenetics. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatoKeita en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Keita kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhuchiHideyo en-aut-sei=Ohuchi en-aut-mei=Hideyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Opn5 kn-keyword=Opn5 en-keyword=rhodopsin kn-keyword=rhodopsin en-keyword=optogenetics kn-keyword=optogenetics en-keyword=retinal protein kn-keyword=retinal protein en-keyword=non-image-forming opsin kn-keyword=non-image-forming opsin END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=30 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=dsad015 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230616 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Genetic basis of lineage-specific evolution of fruit traits in hexaploid persimmon en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Frequent polyploidization events in plants have led to the establishment of many lineage-specific traits representing each species. Little is known about the genetic bases for these specific traits in polyploids, presumably due to plant genomic complexity and their difficulties in applying genetic approaches. Hexaploid Oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki) has evolved specific fruit characteristics, including wide variations in fruit shapes and astringency. In this study, using whole-genome diploidized/quantitative genotypes from ddRAD-Seq data of 173 persimmon cultivars, we examined their population structures and potential correlations between their structural transitions and variations in nine fruit traits. The population structures of persimmon cultivars were highly randomized and not substantially correlated with the representative fruit traits focused on in this study, except for fruit astringency. With genome-wide association analytic tools considering polyploid alleles, we identified the loci associated with the nine fruit traits; we mainly focused on fruit-shape variations, which have been numerically characterized by principal component analysis of elliptic Fourier descriptors. The genomic regions that putatively underwent selective sweep exhibited no overlap with the loci associated with these persimmon-specific fruit traits. These insights will contribute to understanding the genetic mechanisms by which fruit traits are independently established, possibly due to polyploidization events. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HoriuchiAyano en-aut-sei=Horiuchi en-aut-mei=Ayano kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MasudaKanae en-aut-sei=Masuda en-aut-mei=Kanae kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShirasawaKenta en-aut-sei=Shirasawa en-aut-mei=Kenta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OnoueNoriyuki en-aut-sei=Onoue en-aut-mei=Noriyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuzakiRyusuke en-aut-sei=Matsuzaki en-aut-mei=Ryusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaoRyutaro en-aut-sei=Tao en-aut-mei=Ryutaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuboYasutaka en-aut-sei=Kubo en-aut-mei=Yasutaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=UshijimaKoichiro en-aut-sei=Ushijima en-aut-mei=Koichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkagiTakashi en-aut-sei=Akagi en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Kazusa DNA Research Institute kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=fruit shape kn-keyword=fruit shape en-keyword=astringency kn-keyword=astringency en-keyword=polyploid kn-keyword=polyploid en-keyword=population structure kn-keyword=population structure en-keyword=GWAS kn-keyword=GWAS END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=15 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=e1579 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220312 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Echelon analysis and its software for spatial lattice data en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this study, we explore the use of echelon analysis and its software named EcheScan for spatial lattice data. EcheScan is developed as a web application via an internet browser in R language and Shiny server for echelon analysis. The technique of echelon is proposed to analyze the topological structure for spatial lattice data. The echelon tree provides a dendrogram representation. Regional features, such as hierarchical spatial data structure and hotspots clusters, are shown in an echelon dendrogram. In addition, we introduce the conception of echelon with the values and neighbors for lattice data. We also explain the use of EcheScan for one- and two-dimensional regular lattice data. Furthermore, coronavirus disease 2019 death data corresponding to 50 US states are illustrated using EcheScan as an example of geospatial lattice data.

This article is categorized under:
　Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Exploratory Data Analysis
　Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and Classification
　Data: Types and Structure > Image and Spatial Data en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KuriharaKoji en-aut-sei=Kurihara en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshiokaFumio en-aut-sei=Ishioka en-aut-mei=Fumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=echelon analysis kn-keyword=echelon analysis en-keyword=hierarchical structure kn-keyword=hierarchical structure en-keyword=R language and shiny kn-keyword=R language and shiny en-keyword=spatial lattice data kn-keyword=spatial lattice data en-keyword=web application kn-keyword=web application END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=1067 end-page=1083 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230723 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure in Cambodian melon landraces using molecular markers en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Genetic diversity of Cambodian melons was evaluated by the analysis of 12 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 7 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers using 62 accessions of melon landraces and compared with 231 accessions from other areas for genetic characterization of Cambodian melons. Among 62 accessions, 56 accessions were morphologically classified as small-seed type with seed lengths shorter than 9 mm, as in the horticultural groups Conomon and Makuwa. Gene diversity of Cambodian melons was 0.228, which was equivalent to those of the groups Conomon and Makuwa and smaller than those of Vietnamese and Central Asian landraces. A phylogenetic tree constructed from a genetic distance matrix classified 293 accessions into three major clusters. Small-seed type accessions from East and Southeast Asia formed clusters I and II, which were distantly related with cluster III consisting of large-seed type melon from other areas. All Cambodian melons belonged to cluster I (except three accessions) along with those from Thailand, Myanmar, Yunnan (China), and Vietnam (“Dua thom” in the northwest), thus indicating genetic similarity in these areas. In addition, the Cambodian melons were not differentiated among geographical populations. Conomon and Makuwa were classified into cluster II, together with melon groups from the plains of Vietnam. The presence of two groups of melons in Southeast Asia was also indicated by population structure and principal coordinate analysis. These results indicated a close genetic relationship between Cambodia and the neighboring countries, thus suggesting that Cambodian melons are not directly related to the establishment of Conomon and Makuwa. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NazninPervin Mst en-aut-sei=Naznin en-aut-mei=Pervin Mst kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ImohOdirichi Nnennaya en-aut-sei=Imoh en-aut-mei=Odirichi Nnennaya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaKatsunori en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Katsunori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SreynechOuch en-aut-sei=Sreynech en-aut-mei=Ouch kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShigitaGentaro en-aut-sei=Shigita en-aut-mei=Gentaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SopheaYon en-aut-sei=Sophea en-aut-mei=Yon kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=SophanySakhan en-aut-sei=Sophany en-aut-mei=Sakhan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MakaraOuk en-aut-sei=Makara en-aut-mei=Ouk kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=TomookaNorihiko en-aut-sei=Tomooka en-aut-mei=Norihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MondenYuki en-aut-sei=Monden en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishidaHidetaka en-aut-sei=Nishida en-aut-mei=Hidetaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatoKenji en-aut-sei=Kato en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Plant Breeder, Retired Director of the Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Research Center of Genetic Resources, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Cambodia kn-keyword=Cambodia en-keyword=Conomon kn-keyword=Conomon en-keyword=Cucumis melo kn-keyword=Cucumis melo en-keyword=Genetic diversity kn-keyword=Genetic diversity en-keyword=Landraces kn-keyword=Landraces en-keyword=RAPD kn-keyword=RAPD en-keyword=SSR kn-keyword=SSR END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=40 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=msad151 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230707 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Ongoing Rapid Evolution of a Post-Y Region Revealed by Chromosome-Scale Genome Assembly of a Hexaploid Monoecious Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Plants have evolved sex chromosomes independently in many lineages, and loss of separate sexes can also occur. In this study, we assembled a monoecious recently hexaploidized persimmon (Diospyros kaki), in which the Y chromosome has lost the maleness-determining function. Comparative genomic analysis of D. kaki and its dioecious relatives uncovered the evolutionary process by which the nonfunctional Y chromosome (or Y-monoecy) was derived, which involved silencing of the sex-determining gene, OGI, approximately 2 million years ago. Analyses of the entire X and Y-monoecy chromosomes suggested that D. kaki's nonfunctional male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY), which we call a post-MSY, has conserved some characteristics of the original functional MSY. Specifically, comparing the functional MSY in Diospyros lotus and the nonfunctional "post-MSY" in D. kaki indicated that both have been rapidly rearranged, mainly via ongoing transposable element bursts, resembling structural changes often detected in Y-linked regions, some of which can enlarge the nonrecombining regions. The recent evolution of the post-MSY (and possibly also MSYs in dioecious Diospyros species) therefore probably reflects these regions' ancestral location in a pericentromeric region, rather than the presence of male-determining genes and/or genes controlling sexually dimorphic traits. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HoriuchiAyano en-aut-sei=Horiuchi en-aut-mei=Ayano kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MasudaKanae en-aut-sei=Masuda en-aut-mei=Kanae kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShirasawaKenta en-aut-sei=Shirasawa en-aut-mei=Kenta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OnoueNoriyuki en-aut-sei=Onoue en-aut-mei=Noriyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujitaNaoko en-aut-sei=Fujita en-aut-mei=Naoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=UshijimaKoichiro en-aut-sei=Ushijima en-aut-mei=Koichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkagiTakashi en-aut-sei=Akagi en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=sex chromosome kn-keyword=sex chromosome en-keyword=genome assembly kn-keyword=genome assembly en-keyword=monoecy kn-keyword=monoecy en-keyword=transposable elements kn-keyword=transposable elements END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=13 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=8954 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230602 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Refining the evolutionary tree of the horse Y chromosome en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The Y chromosome carries information about the demography of paternal lineages, and thus, can prove invaluable for retracing both the evolutionary trajectory of wild animals and the breeding history of domesticates. In horses, the Y chromosome shows a limited, but highly informative, sequence diversity, supporting the increasing breeding influence of Oriental lineages during the last 1500 years. Here, we augment the primary horse Y-phylogeny, which is currently mainly based on modern horse breeds of economic interest, with haplotypes (HT) segregating in remote horse populations around the world. We analyze target enriched sequencing data of 5 Mb of the Y chromosome from 76 domestic males, together with 89 whole genome sequenced domestic males and five Przewalski's horses from previous studies. The resulting phylogeny comprises 153 HTs defined by 2966 variants and offers unprecedented resolution into the history of horse paternal lineages. It reveals the presence of a remarkable number of previously unknown haplogroups in Mongolian horses and insular populations. Phylogenetic placement of HTs retrieved from 163 archaeological specimens further indicates that most of the present-day Y-chromosomal variation evolved after the domestication process that started around 4200 years ago in the Western Eurasian steppes. Our comprehensive phylogeny significantly reduces ascertainment bias and constitutes a robust evolutionary framework for analyzing horse population dynamics and diversity. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=BozlakElif en-aut-sei=Bozlak en-aut-mei=Elif kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=RadovicLara en-aut-sei=Radovic en-aut-mei=Lara kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=RemerViktoria en-aut-sei=Remer en-aut-mei=Viktoria kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=RiglerDoris en-aut-sei=Rigler en-aut-mei=Doris kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=AllenLucy en-aut-sei=Allen en-aut-mei=Lucy kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=BremGottfried en-aut-sei=Brem en-aut-mei=Gottfried kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=StalderGabrielle en-aut-sei=Stalder en-aut-mei=Gabrielle kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=CastanedaCaitlin en-aut-sei=Castaneda en-aut-mei=Caitlin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=CothranGus en-aut-sei=Cothran en-aut-mei=Gus kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=RaudseppTerje en-aut-sei=Raudsepp en-aut-mei=Terje kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkudaYu en-aut-sei=Okuda en-aut-mei=Yu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoeKyaw Kyaw en-aut-sei=Moe en-aut-mei=Kyaw Kyaw kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoeHla Hla en-aut-sei=Moe en-aut-mei=Hla Hla kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=KounnavongsaBounthavone en-aut-sei=Kounnavongsa en-aut-mei=Bounthavone kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=KeonouchanhSoukanh en-aut-sei=Keonouchanh en-aut-mei=Soukanh kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=VanNguyen Huu en-aut-sei=Van en-aut-mei=Nguyen Huu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= en-aut-name=VuVan Hai en-aut-sei=Vu en-aut-mei=Van Hai kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=17 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShahManoj Kumar en-aut-sei=Shah en-aut-mei=Manoj Kumar kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=18 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishiboriMasahide en-aut-sei=Nishibori en-aut-mei=Masahide kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=19 ORCID= en-aut-name=KazymbetPolat en-aut-sei=Kazymbet en-aut-mei=Polat kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=20 ORCID= en-aut-name=BakhtinMeirat en-aut-sei=Bakhtin en-aut-mei=Meirat kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=21 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZhunushovAsankadyr en-aut-sei=Zhunushov en-aut-mei=Asankadyr kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=22 ORCID= en-aut-name=PaulRipon Chandra en-aut-sei=Paul en-aut-mei=Ripon Chandra kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=23 ORCID= en-aut-name=DashnyamBumbein en-aut-sei=Dashnyam en-aut-mei=Bumbein kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=24 ORCID= en-aut-name=NozawaKen en-aut-sei=Nozawa en-aut-mei=Ken kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=25 ORCID= en-aut-name=AlmarzookSaria en-aut-sei=Almarzook en-aut-mei=Saria kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=26 ORCID= en-aut-name=BrockmannGudrun A. en-aut-sei=Brockmann en-aut-mei=Gudrun A. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=27 ORCID= en-aut-name=ReissmannMonika en-aut-sei=Reissmann en-aut-mei=Monika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=28 ORCID= en-aut-name=AntczakDouglas F. en-aut-sei=Antczak en-aut-mei=Douglas F. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=29 ORCID= en-aut-name=MillerDonald C. en-aut-sei=Miller en-aut-mei=Donald C. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=30 ORCID= en-aut-name=SadeghiRaheleh en-aut-sei=Sadeghi en-aut-mei=Raheleh kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=31 ORCID= en-aut-name=Butler-WemkenInes von en-aut-sei=Butler-Wemken en-aut-mei=Ines von kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=32 ORCID= en-aut-name=KostarasNikos en-aut-sei=Kostaras en-aut-mei=Nikos kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=33 ORCID= en-aut-name=HanHaige en-aut-sei=Han en-aut-mei=Haige kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=34 ORCID= en-aut-name=ManglaiDugarjaviin en-aut-sei=Manglai en-aut-mei=Dugarjaviin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=35 ORCID= en-aut-name=AbdurasulovAbdugani en-aut-sei=Abdurasulov en-aut-mei=Abdugani kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=36 ORCID= en-aut-name=SukhbaatarBoldbaatar en-aut-sei=Sukhbaatar en-aut-mei=Boldbaatar kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=37 ORCID= en-aut-name=Ropka-MolikKatarzyna en-aut-sei=Ropka-Molik en-aut-mei=Katarzyna kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=38 ORCID= en-aut-name=Stefaniuk-SzmukierMonika en-aut-sei=Stefaniuk-Szmukier en-aut-mei=Monika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=39 ORCID= en-aut-name=LopesMaria Susana en-aut-sei=Lopes en-aut-mei=Maria Susana kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=40 ORCID= en-aut-name=MachadoArtur da Câmara en-aut-sei=Machado en-aut-mei=Artur da Câmara kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=41 ORCID= en-aut-name=KalashnikovValery V. en-aut-sei=Kalashnikov en-aut-mei=Valery V. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=42 ORCID= en-aut-name=KalinkovaLiliya en-aut-sei=Kalinkova en-aut-mei=Liliya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=43 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZaitevAlexander M. en-aut-sei=Zaitev en-aut-mei=Alexander M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=44 ORCID= en-aut-name=Novoa-BravoMiguel en-aut-sei=Novoa-Bravo en-aut-mei=Miguel kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=45 ORCID= en-aut-name=LindgrenGabriella en-aut-sei=Lindgren en-aut-mei=Gabriella kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=46 ORCID= en-aut-name=BrooksSamantha en-aut-sei=Brooks en-aut-mei=Samantha kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=47 ORCID= en-aut-name=RosaLaura Patterson en-aut-sei=Rosa en-aut-mei=Laura Patterson kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=48 ORCID= en-aut-name=OrlandoLudovic en-aut-sei=Orlando en-aut-mei=Ludovic kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=49 ORCID= en-aut-name=JurasRytis en-aut-sei=Juras en-aut-mei=Rytis kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=50 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuniedaTetsuo en-aut-sei=Kunieda en-aut-mei=Tetsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=51 ORCID= en-aut-name=WallnerBarbara en-aut-sei=Wallner en-aut-mei=Barbara kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=52 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Museum of Dinosaur Research, Okayama University of Science kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Veterinary Science kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, University of Veterinary Science kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute (Lao) Resources, Livestock Research Center kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University kn-affil= affil-num=16 en-affil=Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University kn-affil= affil-num=17 en-affil=Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University kn-affil= affil-num=18 en-affil=Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University kn-affil= affil-num=19 en-affil=Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University kn-affil= affil-num=20 en-affil=Radiobiological Research Institute, JSC Astana Medical University kn-affil= affil-num=21 en-affil=Institute of Biotechnology, National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic kn-affil= affil-num=22 en-affil=Institute of Biotechnology, National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic kn-affil= affil-num=23 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=24 en-affil=Institute of Biological Sciences, Mongolian Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=25 en-affil=Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=26 en-affil=Albrecht Daniel Thaer‑Institut, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin kn-affil= affil-num=27 en-affil=Albrecht Daniel Thaer‑Institut, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin kn-affil= affil-num=28 en-affil=Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University kn-affil= affil-num=29 en-affil=Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University kn-affil= affil-num=30 en-affil=Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University kn-affil= affil-num=31 en-affil=Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University kn-affil= affil-num=32 en-affil=Barb Horse Breeding Organisation VFZB E. V., Verein der Freunde und Züchter Des Berberpferdes E.V. kn-affil= affil-num=33 en-affil=Amaltheia kn-affil= affil-num=34 en-affil=Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University kn-affil= affil-num=35 en-affil=Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University kn-affil= affil-num=36 en-affil=Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography, Osh State University kn-affil= affil-num=37 en-affil=Sector of Surveillance and Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases, State Central Veterinary Laboratory kn-affil= affil-num=38 en-affil=National Research Institute of Animal Production, Animal Molecular Biology kn-affil= affil-num=39 en-affil=National Research Institute of Animal Production, Animal Molecular Biology kn-affil= affil-num=40 en-affil=Biotechnology Centre of Azores, University of Azores kn-affil= affil-num=41 en-affil=Biotechnology Centre of Azores, University of Azores kn-affil= affil-num=42 en-affil=All-Russian Research Institute for Horse Breeding kn-affil= affil-num=43 en-affil=All-Russian Research Institute for Horse Breeding kn-affil= affil-num=44 en-affil=All-Russian Research Institute for Horse Breeding kn-affil= affil-num=45 en-affil=Genética Animal de Colombia SAS. kn-affil= affil-num=46 en-affil=Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=47 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida kn-affil= affil-num=48 en-affil=Department of Agriculture and Industry, Sul Ross State University kn-affil= affil-num=49 en-affil=Centre d’Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier kn-affil= affil-num=50 en-affil=School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University kn-affil= affil-num=51 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=52 en-affil=Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=19 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=e1011162 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230227 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Capsid structure of a fungal dsRNA megabirnavirus reveals its previously unidentified surface architecture en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Rosellinia necatrix megabirnavirus 1-W779 (RnMBV1) is a non-enveloped icosahedral double-stranded (ds)RNA virus that infects the ascomycete fungus Rosellinia necatrix, a causative agent that induces a lethal plant disease white root rot. Herein, we have first resolved the atomic structure of the RnMBV1 capsid at 3.2 angstrom resolution using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) single-particle analysis. Compared with other non-enveloped icosahedral dsRNA viruses, the RnMBV1 capsid protein structure exhibits an extra-long C-terminal arm and a surface protrusion domain. In addition, the previously unrecognized crown proteins are identified in a symmetry-expanded cryo-EM model and are present over the 3-fold axes. These exclusive structural features of the RnMBV1 capsid could have been acquired for playing essential roles in transmission and/or particle assembly of the megabirnaviruses. Our findings, therefore, will reinforce the understanding of how the structural and molecular machineries of the megabirnaviruses influence the virulence of the disease-related ascomycete fungus. Author summaryA fungal plant soil-borne pathogen, Rosellinia necatrix, which can cause devastating disease white root rot in many highly valued fruit trees, is difficult to be controlled with conventional approaches such as fungicide applications. Rosellinia necatrix megabirnavirus 1-W779 (RnMBV1) is a dsRNA virus isolated from the R. necatrix field strain, W779, and this virus can be a viro-control candidate to confer hypovirulence in its host R. necatrix. To make use of RnMBV1 in the white root rot disease control, more molecular and structural investigations will offer us more insights. Here, we have performed cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) single-particle analysis, to obtain the first atomic models of RnMBV1 particles. Based on the atomic structures, we found unique both surface and interior features. In addition, we found a previously unidentified protein on the viral surface. These aforementioned structural features might play important roles in the viral life cycles, and will enable us to apply this fungal virus as a viro-control approach. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WangHan en-aut-sei=Wang en-aut-mei=Han kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SalaipethLakha en-aut-sei=Salaipeth en-aut-mei=Lakha kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyazakiNaoyuki en-aut-sei=Miyazaki en-aut-mei=Naoyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoKenta en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Kenta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=The Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Life Science Center of Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=The Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=17 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=e0273330 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220818 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Intraspecies variation of the mitochondrial genome: An evaluation for phylogenetic approaches based on the conventional choices of genes and segments on mitogenome en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Intraspecies nucleotide sequence variation is a key to understanding the evolutionary history of a species, such as the geographic distribution and population structure. To date, numerous phylogenetic and population genetics studies have been conducted based on the sequences of a gene or an intergenic region on the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA), such as cytochrome c oxidase subunits or the D-loop. To evaluate the credibility of the usage of such 'classic' markers, we compared the phylogenetic inferences based on the analyses of the partial and entire mtDNA sequences. Importantly, the phylogenetic reconstruction based on the short marker sequences did not necessarily reproduce the tree topologies based on the analyses of the entire mtDNA. In addition, analyses on the datasets of various organisms revealed that the analyses based on the classic markers yielded phylogenetic trees with poor confidence in all tested cases compared to the results based on full-length mtDNA. These results demonstrated that phylogenetic analyses based on complete mtDNA sequences yield more insightful results compared to those based on mitochondrial genes and segments. To ameliorate the shortcomings of the classic markers, we identified a segment of mtDNA that may be used as an 'approximate marker' to closely reproduce the phylogenetic inference obtained from the entire mtDNA in the case of mammalian species, which can be utilized to design amplicon-seq-based studies. Our study demonstrates the importance of the choice of mitochondrial markers for phylogenetic analyses and proposes a novel approach to choosing appropriate markers for mammalian mtDNA that reproduces the phylogenetic inferences obtained from full-length mtDNA. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Morón-LópezJesús en-aut-sei=Morón-López en-aut-mei=Jesús kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=VergaraKaren en-aut-sei=Vergara en-aut-mei=Karen kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoMasanao en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Masanao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=GajardoGonzalo en-aut-sei=Gajardo en-aut-mei=Gonzalo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=UekiShoko en-aut-sei=Ueki en-aut-mei=Shoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Laboratorio de Genética, Acuicultura & Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Laboratorio de Genética, Acuicultura & Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=18 end-page=31 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The beginning date of wet rice cultivation at the of Okayama University site: Tree ring oxygen isotope dating and radiocarbon 14 age of weirs from the mid-I stage of the Yayoi period kn-title=岡山大学構内遺跡における水田稲作の開始年代 ―Ⅰ期中段階の堰の酸素同位体比年輪年代と炭素14年代― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This article clarifies the date when paddy field rice cultivation began at the archaeological site located within the Okayama University campus. The analysis used tree ring oxygen isotope dating and radiocarbon dating. When the oxygen isotope ratios of wood used in paddy weirs detected in the 23rd excavation season were examined, peaks could be seen in two places: in the 10th century BC and the 6th century BC. Since the weir was accompanied by mid-I stage Yayoi pottery, which was dated to the 6th century BC using radiocarbon dating, tree ring dating determined that the weir was made from wood cut down soon after 540 BC. Therefore, it was reaffirmed that one of the points of the mid-I stage can be dated to the middle of the 6th century BC.
Next is the age of the early-I stage, when paddy field rice cultivation began on the Okayama Plain. In the Tsuruba area of the Nishikawazu archaeological site in Shimane Prefecture, where paddy field rice cultivation is thought to have begun at the same time as on the Okayama Plain, tree ring oxygen isotope dating of wood accompanied by early-I stage pottery has been reported. The date of 649 BC date means that one of the earliest stages of the early-I period dates to the middle of the 7th century BC. Therefore, we reaffirmed the view that paddy rice cultivation in the Chugoku region, such as Okayama and Shimane, began in the 7th century BC.
It also became clear that the beginning of paddy field rice cultivation in the Chugoku region occurred at a time when the climate that had been the base of cold in the 10th century BC gradually warmed and the relatively humid climate began to turn to arid. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FUJIOShinichiro en-aut-sei=FUJIO en-aut-mei=Shinichiro kn-aut-name=藤尾慎一郎 kn-aut-sei=藤尾 kn-aut-mei=慎一郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SAKAMOTOMinoru en-aut-sei=SAKAMOTO en-aut-mei=Minoru kn-aut-name=坂本稔 kn-aut-sei=坂本 kn-aut-mei=稔 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SANOMasaki en-aut-sei=SANO en-aut-mei=Masaki kn-aut-name=佐野雅規 kn-aut-sei=佐野 kn-aut-mei=雅規 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=The National Museum of Japanese History, School of Cultural and Social Studies, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=The National Museum of Japanese History, School of Cultural and Social Studies, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University kn-affil= en-keyword=土器付着炭化物：carbides adhering to pottery kn-keyword=土器付着炭化物：carbides adhering to pottery en-keyword=酸素同位体比年輪年代法：tree ring oxygen isotope dating kn-keyword=酸素同位体比年輪年代法：tree ring oxygen isotope dating en-keyword=炭素14年代法：radiocarbon dating kn-keyword=炭素14年代法：radiocarbon dating en-keyword=岡山大学構内遺跡：the Okayama University site kn-keyword=岡山大学構内遺跡：the Okayama University site en-keyword=弥生前期：the early Yayoi period kn-keyword=弥生前期：the early Yayoi period en-keyword=水田稲作：wet rice cultivation kn-keyword=水田稲作：wet rice cultivation en-keyword=堰：weirs kn-keyword=堰：weirs END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=22 article-no= start-page=3686 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20221120 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Natural Cross-Kingdom Spread of Apple Scar Skin Viroid from Apple Trees to Fungi en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Viroids are the smallest known infectious agents that are thought to only infect plants. Here, we reveal that several species of plant pathogenic fungi that were isolated from apple trees infected with apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) carried ASSVd naturally. This finding indicates the spread of viroids to fungi under natural conditions and further suggests the possible existence of mycoviroids in nature. A total of 117 fungal isolates were isolated from ASSVd-infected apple trees, with the majority (85.5%) being an ascomycete Alternaria alternata and the remaining isolates being other plant-pathogenic or -endophytic fungi. Out of the examined samples, viroids were detected in 81 isolates (69.2%) including A. alternata as well as other fungal species. The phenotypic comparison of ASSVd-free specimens developed by single-spore isolation and ASSVd-infected fungal isogenic lines showed that ASSVd affected the growth and pathogenicity of certain fungal species. ASSVd confers hypovirulence on ascomycete Epicoccum nigrum. The mycobiome analysis of apple tree-associated fungi showed that ASSVd infection did not generally affect the diversity and structure of fungal communities but specifically increased the abundance of Alternaria species. Taken together, these data reveal the occurrence of the natural spread of viroids to plants; additionally, as an integral component of the ecosystem, viroids may affect the abundance of certain fungal species in plants. Moreover, this study provides further evidence that viroid infection could induce symptoms in certain filamentous fungi. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TianMengyuan en-aut-sei=Tian en-aut-mei=Mengyuan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=WeiShuang en-aut-sei=Wei en-aut-mei=Shuang kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=BianRuiling en-aut-sei=Bian en-aut-mei=Ruiling kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=LuoJingxian en-aut-sei=Luo en-aut-mei=Jingxian kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KhanHaris Ahmed en-aut-sei=Khan en-aut-mei=Haris Ahmed kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaiHuanhuan en-aut-sei=Tai en-aut-mei=Huanhuan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=HadidiAhmed en-aut-sei=Hadidi en-aut-mei=Ahmed kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=AndikaIda Bagus en-aut-sei=Andika en-aut-mei=Ida Bagus kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=SunLiying en-aut-sei=Sun en-aut-mei=Liying kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Viroid kn-keyword=Viroid en-keyword=filamentous fungi kn-keyword=filamentous fungi en-keyword=cross-infection kn-keyword=cross-infection en-keyword=hypovirulence kn-keyword=hypovirulence en-keyword=Mycobiome kn-keyword=Mycobiome END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=13 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=918226 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220713 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Examining the Role of Low Temperature in Satsuma Mandarin Fruit Peel Degreening via Comparative Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Peel degreening is the most conspicuous aspect of fruit ripening in many citrus fruits because of its importance for marketability. In this study, peel degreening in response to propylene (an ethylene analog) and at varying storage temperatures was characterized in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) fruit. Propylene treatment triggered rapid peel degreening (within 4-6 days), indicated by an increase in the citrus color index (CCI) and chlorophyll loss. Peel degreening was also observed in fruit at 10 degrees C and 15 degrees C after 28-42 days, with gradual CCI increase and chlorophyll reduction. However, fruit at 5 degrees C, 20 degrees C, and 25 degrees C remained green, and no substantial changes in peel CCI and chlorophyll content were recorded during the 42-day storage duration. The transcriptomes of peels of fruit treated with propylene for 4 days and those stored at varying temperatures for 28 days were then analyzed by RNA-Seq. We identified three categories of differentially expressed genes that were regulated by (i) propylene (and by analogy, ethylene) alone, (ii) low temperature (5 degrees C, 10 degrees C, or 15 degrees C vs. 25 degrees C) alone, and (iii) either propylene or low temperature. Gene-encoding proteins associated with chlorophyll degradation (such as CuSGR1, CuNOL, CuACD2, CuCAB2, and CuLHCB2) and a transcription factor (CuERF114) were differentially expressed by propylene or low temperature. To further examine temperature-induced pathways, we also monitored gene expression during on-tree fruit maturation vs. postharvest. The onset of on-tree peel degreening coincided with autumnal drops in field temperatures, and it was accompanied by differential expression of low temperature-regulated genes. On the contrary, genes that were exclusively regulated by propylene (such as CuCOPT1 and CuPOX-A2) displayed insignificant expression changes during on-tree peel degreening. These findings indicate that low temperatures could be involved in the fruit ripening-related peel degreening independently of ethylene. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MitaloOscar W. en-aut-sei=Mitalo en-aut-mei=Oscar W. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=AsicheWilliam O. en-aut-sei=Asiche en-aut-mei=William O. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KangSeung W. en-aut-sei=Kang en-aut-mei=Seung W. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=EzuraHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ezura en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkagiTakashi en-aut-sei=Akagi en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuboYasutaka en-aut-sei=Kubo en-aut-mei=Yasutaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=UshijimaKoichiro en-aut-sei=Ushijima en-aut-mei=Koichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Research and Development, Del Monte Kenya Ltd kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=chlorophyll kn-keyword=chlorophyll en-keyword=citrus kn-keyword=citrus en-keyword=degreening kn-keyword=degreening en-keyword=ethylene kn-keyword=ethylene en-keyword=RNA-Seq kn-keyword=RNA-Seq en-keyword=on-tree kn-keyword=on-tree en-keyword=storage kn-keyword=storage END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=10 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=892 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220512 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Impact of System and Diagnostic Errors on Medical Litigation Outcomes: Machine Learning-Based Prediction Models en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=No prediction models using use conventional logistic models and machine learning exist for medical litigation outcomes involving medical doctors. Using a logistic model and three machine learning models, such as decision tree, random forest, and light-gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), we evaluated the prediction ability for litigation outcomes among medical litigation in Japan. The prediction model with LightGBM had a good predictive ability, with an area under the curve of 0.894 (95% CI; 0.893-0.895) in all patients' data. When evaluating the feature importance using the SHApley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) value, the system error was the most significant predictive factor in all clinical settings for medical doctors' loss in lawsuits. The other predictive factors were diagnostic error in outpatient settings, facility size in inpatients, and procedures or surgery settings. Our prediction model is useful for estimating medical litigation outcomes. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamamotoNorio en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Norio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SukegawaShintaro en-aut-sei=Sukegawa en-aut-mei=Shintaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatariTakashi en-aut-sei=Watari en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=General Medicine Center, Shimane University Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=medical malpractice claims kn-keyword=medical malpractice claims en-keyword=litigation kn-keyword=litigation en-keyword=diagnostic error kn-keyword=diagnostic error en-keyword=medical error kn-keyword=medical error en-keyword=system error kn-keyword=system error en-keyword=machine learning kn-keyword=machine learning en-keyword=prediction model kn-keyword=prediction model END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=307 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=198606 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=202201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A new tetra-segmented splipalmivirus with divided RdRP domains from Cryphonectria naterciae, a fungus found on chestnut and cork oak trees in Europe en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Positive-sense (+), single-stranded (ss) RNA viruses with divided RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) domains have been reported from diverse filamentous ascomycetes since 2020. These viruses are termed splipalmiviruses or polynarnaviruses and have been characterized largely at the sequence level, but ill-defined biologically. Cryphonectria naterciae, from which only one virus has been reported, is an ascomycetous fungus potentially plant-pathogenic to chestnut and oak trees. We molecularly characterized multiple viruses in a single Portuguese isolate (C0614) of C. naterciae, taking a metatranscriptomic and conventional double-stranded RNA approach. Among them are a novel splipalmivirus (Cryphonectria naterciae splipalmivirus 1, CnSpV1) and a novel fusagravirus (Cryphonectria naterciae fusagravirus 1, CnFGV1). This study focused on the former virus. CnSpV1 has a tetra-segmented, (+)ssRNA genome (RNA1 to RNA4). As observed for other splipalmiviruses reported in 2020 and 2021, the RdRP domain is separately encoded by RNA1 (motifs F, A and B) and RNA2 (motifs C and D). A hypothetical protein encoded by the 5′-proximal open reading frame of RNA3 shows similarity to a counterpart conserved in some splipalmiviruses. The other RNA3-encoded protein and RNA4-encoded protein show no similarity with known proteins in a blastp search. The tetra-segment nature was confirmed by the conserved terminal sequences of the four CnSpV1 segments (RNA1 to RNA4) and their 100% coexistence in over 100 single conidial isolates tested. The experimental introduction of CnSpV1 along with CnFGV1 into a virus free strain C0754 of C. naterciae vegetatively incompatible with C0614 resulted in no phenotypic alteration, suggesting asymptomatic infection. The protoplast fusion assay indicates a considerably narrow host range of CnSpV1, restricted to the species C. naterciae and C. carpinicola. This study contributes to better understanding of the molecular and biological properties of this unique group of viruses. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatoYukiyo en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Yukiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShahiSabitree en-aut-sei=Shahi en-aut-mei=Sabitree kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TelengechPaul en-aut-sei=Telengech en-aut-mei=Paul kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HisanoSakae en-aut-sei=Hisano en-aut-mei=Sakae kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=CornejoCarolina en-aut-sei=Cornejo en-aut-mei=Carolina kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=RiglingDaniel en-aut-sei=Rigling en-aut-mei=Daniel kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Health & Biotic Interactions kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Health & Biotic Interactions kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Splipalmivirus kn-keyword=Splipalmivirus en-keyword=Capsidless kn-keyword=Capsidless en-keyword=RNA virus kn-keyword=RNA virus en-keyword=Cryphonectria naterciae kn-keyword=Cryphonectria naterciae en-keyword=Narnavirus kn-keyword=Narnavirus en-keyword=Fungal virus kn-keyword=Fungal virus en-keyword=Mycovirus kn-keyword=Mycovirus END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=167 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=1201 end-page=1204 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=202234 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A novel deltapartitivirus from red clover en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The family Partitiviridae has five genera, among which is the genus Deltapartitivirus. We report here the complete genome sequence of a deltapartitivirus from red clover, termed “red clover cryptic virus 3” (RCCV3). RCCV3 has a bisegmented double-stranded (ds) RNA genome. dsRNA1 and dsRNA2 are 1580 and 1589 nucleotides (nt) in length and are predicted to encode an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) and a capsid protein (CP), respectively. The RCCV3 RdRP shares the highest sequence identity with the RdRP of a previously reported deltapartitivirus, Medicago sativa deltapartitivirus 1 (MsDPV1) (76.5%), while the RCCV3 CP shows 50% sequence identity to the CP of MsDPV1. RdRP- and CP-based phylogenetic trees place RCCV3 into a clade of deltapartitiviruses. The sequence and phylogenetic analyses clearly indicate that RCCV3 represents a new species in the genus Deltapartitivirus. RCCV3 was detectable in all three tested cultivars of red clover. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TelengechPaul en-aut-sei=Telengech en-aut-mei=Paul kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShahiSabitree en-aut-sei=Shahi en-aut-mei=Sabitree kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=75 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=685 end-page=689 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=202112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Evaluation of Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography in Acute Cholecystitis to Predict Technical Difficulties in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a non-invasive imaging technique that provides high-quality visualization of the biliary tree, including the gallbladder. This study aimed to evaluate the useful-ness of preoperative MRCP for acute cholecystitis in predicting technical difficulties during laparoscopic chole-cystectomy (LC). A total of 168 patients who underwent LC with preoperative MRCP were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to preoperative MRCP findings: the visualized group (n = 126), in which the entire gallbladder could be visualized; and the non-visualized group (n = 42), in which the entire gallbladder could not be visualized. The perioperative characteristics and postoperative complica-tions of the two groups were retrospectively analyzed. Operation time was longer in the non-visualized group (median 101.5 vs. 143.5 min; p < 0.001). The non-visualized group had significantly more intraoperative blood loss than the visualized group (median 5 vs. 10 g; p = 0.05). The rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy was significantly higher in the non-visualized group (1.6 vs. 9.5%; p = 0.03). In conclusion, patients in the non- visualized group showed higher difficulty in performance of LC. Our MRCP-based classification is a simple and effective means of predicting difficulties in performing LC for acute cholecystitis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamashitaMampei en-aut-sei=Yamashita en-aut-mei=Mampei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurokiTamotsu en-aut-sei=Kuroki en-aut-mei=Tamotsu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamadaTakashi en-aut-sei=Hamada en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirayamaTakanori en-aut-sei=Hirayama en-aut-mei=Takanori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TokunagaTakayuki en-aut-sei=Tokunaga en-aut-mei=Takayuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamanouchiKosho en-aut-sei=Yamanouchi en-aut-mei=Kosho kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakeshitaHiroaki en-aut-sei=Takeshita en-aut-mei=Hiroaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaedaShigeto en-aut-sei=Maeda en-aut-mei=Shigeto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center kn-affil= en-keyword=laparoscopic cholecystectomy kn-keyword=laparoscopic cholecystectomy en-keyword=magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography kn-keyword=magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography en-keyword=acute cholecystitis kn-keyword=acute cholecystitis en-keyword=gallbladder disease kn-keyword=gallbladder disease en-keyword=non-invasive imaging kn-keyword=non-invasive imaging END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=715545 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210819 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Identification of a Novel Quinvirus in the Family Betaflexiviridae That Infects Winter Wheat en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Yellow mosaic disease in winter wheat is usually attributed to the infection by bymoviruses or furoviruses; however, there is still limited information on whether other viral agents are also associated with this disease. To investigate the wheat viromes associated with yellow mosaic disease, we carried out de novo RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of symptomatic and asymptomatic wheat-leaf samples obtained from a field in Hokkaido, Japan, in 2018 and 2019. The analyses revealed the infection by a novel betaflexivirus, which tentatively named wheat virus Q (WVQ), together with wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV, a bymovirus) and northern cereal mosaic virus (a cytorhabdovirus). Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analyses showed that the WVQ strains (of which there are at least three) were related to the members of the genus Foveavirus in the subfamily Quinvirinae (family Betaflexiviridae). In the phylogenetic tree, they form a clade distant from that of the foveaviruses, suggesting that WVQ is a member of a novel genus in the Quinvirinae. Laboratory tests confirmed that WVQ, like WYMV, is potentially transmitted through the soil to wheat plants. WVQ was also found to infect rye plants grown in the same field. Moreover, WVQ-derived small interfering RNAs accumulated in the infected wheat plants, indicating that WVQ infection induces antiviral RNA silencing responses. Given its common coexistence with WYMV, the impact of WVQ infection on yellow mosaic disease in the field warrants detailed investigation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshidaNaoto en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Naoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujitaMiki en-aut-sei=Fujita en-aut-mei=Miki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaruyamaKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Maruyama en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HyodoKiwamu en-aut-sei=Hyodo en-aut-mei=Kiwamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HisanoHiroshi en-aut-sei=Hisano en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=TamadaTetsuo en-aut-sei=Tamada en-aut-mei=Tetsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=AndikaIda Bagus en-aut-sei=Andika en-aut-mei=Ida Bagus kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Agricultural Research Institute, HOKUREN Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Betaflexiviridae kn-keyword=Betaflexiviridae en-keyword=quinvirus kn-keyword=quinvirus en-keyword=bymovirus kn-keyword=bymovirus en-keyword=yellow mosaic disease kn-keyword=yellow mosaic disease en-keyword=wheat kn-keyword=wheat en-keyword=virome kn-keyword=virome en-keyword=soil borne kn-keyword=soil borne en-keyword=variants kn-keyword=variants END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=14 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=266 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210710 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Genome sequence analysis of new plum pox virus isolates from Japan en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Objective To find mutations that may have recently occurred in Plum pox virus (PPV), we collected six PPV-infected plum/peach trees from the western part of Japan and one from the eastern part. After sequencing the full-length PPV genomic RNAs, we compared the amino acid sequences with representative isolates of each PPV strain. Results All new isolates were found to belong to the PPV-D strain: the six isolates collected from western Japan were identified as the West-Japan strain while the one collected from eastern Japan as the East-Japan strain. Amino acid sequence analysis of these seven isolates suggested that the 1407th and 1529th amino acid residues are characteristic of the West-Japan and the East-Japan strains, respectively. Comparing them with the corresponding amino acid residues of the 47 non-Japanese PPV-D isolates revealed that these amino acid residues are undoubtedly unique. A further examination of the relevant amino acid residues of the other 210 PPV-D isolates collected in Japan generated a new hypothesis regarding the invasion route from overseas and the subsequent diffusion route within Japan: a PPV-D strain might have invaded the western part of Japan from overseas and spread throughout Japan. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MoriTomoaki en-aut-sei=Mori en-aut-mei=Tomoaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=WarnerChiaki en-aut-sei=Warner en-aut-mei=Chiaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhnoSerika en-aut-sei=Ohno en-aut-mei=Serika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriKoichi en-aut-sei=Mori en-aut-mei=Koichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TobimatsuTakamasa en-aut-sei=Tobimatsu en-aut-mei=Takamasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SeraTakashi en-aut-sei=Sera en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Plum pox virus kn-keyword=Plum pox virus en-keyword=Complete genome sequence kn-keyword=Complete genome sequence en-keyword=Phylogenetic analysis kn-keyword=Phylogenetic analysis en-keyword=Sequence alignment analysis kn-keyword=Sequence alignment analysis en-keyword=Genetic variation kn-keyword=Genetic variation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=17 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=267 end-page=279 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210417 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effects of large-scale forest fire followed by illegal logging on the regeneration of boreal forests in Mongolia en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We aimed to test the hypothesis that large-scale forest fire followed by illegal logging inhibits the regeneration of boreal forests in Mongolia. For this purpose, we compared regeneration of the forest between five stands in a large-scale post-fire site, i.e., (1) undisturbed stand in the unburnt and remaining forest, (2) stand disturbed by illegal logging in the unburnt and remaining forest, (3) stand disturbed by forest fire, (4) stand disturbed by forest fire followed by illegal logging and located in proximity to the remaining forest, which acts as a seed source, and (5) stand disturbed by forest fire followed by illegal logging and located far from the remaining forest, which acts as a seed source. The stand disturbed by logging showed similar species composition of regenerated individuals as the undisturbed stand. In the stand disturbed by logging, Picea obovata and Pinus sibirica were abundant because of advance regeneration on the intact forest floor. In the stand disturbed by forest fire and that disturbed by forest fire followed by illegal logging, Larix sibirica and Betula platyphylla were abundant, and the regenerated individuals of these two species were new individuals after the disturbances. L. sibirica was abundant in the stand disturbed by forest fire because the mother trees survived the forest fire because of their thick bark. B. platyphylla was abundant in the stand disturbed by forest fire followed by illegal logging because the mother trees of L. sibirica were logged and the seeds of B. platyphylla are able to disperse further than that of L. sibirica. However, in the stand disturbed by forest fire followed by illegal logging that was located far from the remaining forest, the regeneration was much reduced because only few seeds, including that of B. platyphylla, were dispersed into this stand and sprouts of B. platyphylla were damaged by the logging operation. In addition, the regeneration of L. sibirica and B. platyphylla was likely to have been reduced for several years after the forest fire because of the loss of safe sites for their invasion by the changes of the forest floor conditions. Therefore, it is likely that large-scale forest fires that are followed by illegal logging inhibit the regeneration in many parts of the post-fire site and those parts will change into open forests of B. platyphylla or grassland. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SakamotoKeiji en-aut-sei=Sakamoto en-aut-mei=Keiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TomonariMisaki en-aut-sei=Tomonari en-aut-mei=Misaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=AriyaUyanga en-aut-sei=Ariya en-aut-mei=Uyanga kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakagiriErika en-aut-sei=Nakagiri en-aut-mei=Erika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumotoTetsuya en-aut-sei=Matsumoto en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkajiYasuaki en-aut-sei=Akaji en-aut-mei=Yasuaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtodaTakashi en-aut-sei=Otoda en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirobeMuneto en-aut-sei=Hirobe en-aut-mei=Muneto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=NachinBaatarbileg en-aut-sei=Nachin en-aut-mei=Baatarbileg kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia kn-affil= en-keyword=Disturbance kn-keyword=Disturbance en-keyword=Forest floor kn-keyword=Forest floor en-keyword=Salvage logging kn-keyword=Salvage logging en-keyword=Seed source kn-keyword=Seed source en-keyword=Succession kn-keyword=Succession END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210321 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Intravesical Therapy in Patients with Intermediate-risk Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Disease Recurrence en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Context
Patients with intermediate-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) may pose a clinical dilemma without an agreed evidence-based decision tree for personalized treatment.
Objective
To perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to summarize available evidence on the oncologic outcomes of intravesical therapy in patients with intermediate-risk NMIBC.
Evidence acquisition
The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched in October 2020 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. Studies were deemed eligible if they reported on oncologic outcomes in patients with intermediate-risk NMIBC treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumor with and without intravesical chemotherapy or bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy.
Evidence synthesis
Twelve studies were included in a qualitative synthesis (systematic review); three were deemed eligible for a quantitative synthesis (NMA). An NMA of five different regimens was conducted for the association of treatment with the 5-yr recurrence risk. Chemotherapy with maintenance was associated with a lower likelihood of 5-yr recurrence than chemotherapy without maintenance (odds ratio [OR] 0.51, 95% credible interval [CI] 0.26–1.03). Immunotherapy, regardless of whether a full- or reduced-dose regimen, was not associated with a significantly lower likelihood of 5-yr recurrence when compared with chemotherapy without maintenance (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.39–2.11 vs OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.40–2.19). Analysis of the treatment ranking revealed that chemotherapy with maintenance had the lowest 5-yr recurrence risk (P score 0.9666).
Conclusions
Our analysis indicates that chemotherapy with a maintenance regimen confers a superior oncologic benefit in terms of 5-yr recurrence risk compared to chemotherapy without maintenance in patients with intermediate-risk NMIBC. Regardless of the dose regimen, immunotherapy with BCG does not appear to be superior to chemotherapy in patients with intermediate-risk NMIBC in term of disease recurrence. However, owing to the lack of comparative studies, there is an unmet need for well-designed, large-scale trials to validate our findings and generate robust evidence on disease recurrence and progression.
Patient summary
A maintenance schedule of chemotherapy reduces the rate of long-term recurrence of bladder cancer that has not invaded the bladder muscle. Chemotherapy inserted directly into the bladder and immunotherapy without maintenance schedules seem to have limited benefit in preventing cancer recurrence. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=LaukhtinaEkaterina en-aut-sei=Laukhtina en-aut-mei=Ekaterina kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=AbufarajMohammad en-aut-sei=Abufaraj en-aut-mei=Mohammad kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=Al-AniAbdallah en-aut-sei=Al-Ani en-aut-mei=Abdallah kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=AliMustafa Rami en-aut-sei=Ali en-aut-mei=Mustafa Rami kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriKeiichiro en-aut-sei=Mori en-aut-mei=Keiichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoschiniMarco en-aut-sei=Moschini en-aut-mei=Marco kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=QuhalFahad en-aut-sei=Quhal en-aut-mei=Fahad kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=Sari MotlaghReza en-aut-sei=Sari Motlagh en-aut-mei=Reza kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=PradereBenjamin en-aut-sei=Pradere en-aut-mei=Benjamin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=SchuettfortVictor M. en-aut-sei=Schuettfort en-aut-mei=Victor M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=MostafaeiHadi en-aut-sei=Mostafaei en-aut-mei=Hadi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatayamaSatoshi en-aut-sei=Katayama en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=GrossmannNico C. en-aut-sei=Grossmann en-aut-mei=Nico C. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=FajkovicHarun en-aut-sei=Fajkovic en-aut-mei=Harun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=SoriaFrancesco en-aut-sei=Soria en-aut-mei=Francesco kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=EnikeevDmitry en-aut-sei=Enikeev en-aut-mei=Dmitry kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShariatShahrokh F. en-aut-sei=Shariat en-aut-mei=Shahrokh F. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=17 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Studies of Torino kn-affil= affil-num=16 en-affil=Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University kn-affil= affil-num=17 en-affil=Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna kn-affil= en-keyword=Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer kn-keyword=Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer en-keyword=Bladder cancer kn-keyword=Bladder cancer en-keyword=Intermediate risk kn-keyword=Intermediate risk en-keyword=Intravesical therapy kn-keyword=Intravesical therapy en-keyword=Network meta-analysis kn-keyword=Network meta-analysis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=1 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=15001 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=20160111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A capsidless ssRNA virus hosted by an unrelated dsRNA virus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Viruses typically encode the capsid that encases their genome, while satellite viruses do not encode a replicase and depend on a helper virus for their replication1. Here, we report interplay between two RNA viruses, yado-nushi virus 1 (YnV1) and yado-kari virus 1 (YkV1), in a phytopathogenic fungus, Rosellinia necatrix2. YkV1 has a close phylogenetic affinity to positive-sense, single-stranded (+)ssRNA viruses such as animal caliciviruses3, while YnV1 has an undivided double-stranded (ds) RNA genome with a resemblance to fungal totiviruses4. Virion transfection and infectious full-length cDNA transformation has shown that YkV1 depends on YnV1 for viability, although it probably encodes functional RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Immunological and molecular analyses have revealed trans-encapsidation of not only YkV1 RNA but also RdRp by the capsid protein of the other virus (YnV1), and enhancement of YnV1 accumulation by YkV1. This study demonstrates interplay in which the capsidless (+)ssRNA virus (YkV1), hijacks the capsid protein of the dsRNA virus (YnV1), and replicates as if it were a dsRNA virus. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ZhangRui en-aut-sei=Zhang en-aut-mei=Rui kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HisanoSakae en-aut-sei=Hisano en-aut-mei=Sakae kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaniAkio en-aut-sei=Tani en-aut-mei=Akio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanematsuSatoko en-aut-sei=Kanematsu en-aut-mei=Satoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Molecular evolution kn-keyword=Molecular evolution en-keyword=Viral genetics kn-keyword=Viral genetics END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=27 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=dsaa012 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200617 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Genome-wide study on the polysomic genetic factors conferring plasticity of flower sexuality in hexaploid persimmon en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Sexuality is one of the fundamental mechanisms that work towards maintaining genetic diversity within a species. In diploid persimmons (Diospyros spp.), separated sexuality, the presence of separate male and female individuals (dioecy), is controlled by the Y chromosome-encoded small-RNA gene, OGI. On the other hand, sexuality in hexaploid Oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is more plastic, with OGI-bearing genetically male individuals, able to produce both male and female flowers (monoecy). This is thought to be linked to the partial inactivation of OGI by a retrotransposon insertion, resulting in DNA methylation of the OGI promoter region. To identify the genetic factors regulating branch sexual conversion, genome-wide correlation/association analyses were conducted using ddRAD-Seq data from an F-1 segregating population, and using both quantitative and diploidized genotypes, respectively. We found that allelic ratio at the Y-chromosomal region, including OGI, was correlated with male conversion based on quantitative genotypes, suggesting that OGI can be activated in cis in a dosage-dependent manner. Genome-wide association analysis based on diploidized genotypes, normalized for the effect of OGI allele dosage, detected three fundamental loci associated with male conversion. These loci underlie candidate genes, which could potentially act epigenetically for the activation of OGI expression. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MasudaKanae en-aut-sei=Masuda en-aut-mei=Kanae kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoEiji en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Eiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShirasawaKenta en-aut-sei=Shirasawa en-aut-mei=Kenta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OnoueNoriyuki en-aut-sei=Onoue en-aut-mei=Noriyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KonoAtsushi en-aut-sei=Kono en-aut-mei=Atsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=UshijimaKoichiro en-aut-sei=Ushijima en-aut-mei=Koichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuboYasutaka en-aut-sei=Kubo en-aut-mei=Yasutaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaoRyutaro en-aut-sei=Tao en-aut-mei=Ryutaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=HenryIsabelle M. en-aut-sei=Henry en-aut-mei=Isabelle M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkagiTakashi en-aut-sei=Akagi en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Kazusa DNA Research Institute kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Kazusa DNA Research Institute kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=flexible sexuality kn-keyword=flexible sexuality en-keyword=monoecy kn-keyword=monoecy en-keyword=polyploid kn-keyword=polyploid en-keyword=GWAS kn-keyword=GWAS END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=16 article-no= start-page=4778 end-page=4796 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200506 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Low temperature modulates natural peel degreening in lemon fruit independently of endogenous ethylene en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Peel degreening is an important aspect of fruit ripening in many citrus fruit, and previous studies have shown that it can be advanced by ethylene treatment or by low-temperature storage. However, the important regulators and pathways involved in natural peel degreening remain largely unknown. To determine how natural peel degreening is regulated in lemon fruit (Citrus limon), we studied transcriptome and physiochemical changes in the flavedo in response to ethylene treatment and low temperatures. Treatment with ethylene induced rapid peel degreening, which was strongly inhibited by the ethylene antagonist, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Compared with 25 degrees C, moderately low storage temperatures of 5-20 degrees C also triggered peel degreening. Surprisingly, repeated 1-MCP treatments failed to inhibit the peel degreening induced by low temperature. Transcriptome analysis revealed that low temperature and ethylene independently regulated genes associated with chlorophyll degradation, carotenoid metabolism, photosystem proteins, phytohormone biosynthesis and signalling, and transcription factors. Peel degreening of fruit on trees occurred in association with drops in ambient temperature, and it coincided with the differential expression of low temperature-regulated genes. In contrast, genes that were uniquely regulated by ethylene showed no significant expression changes during on-tree peel degreening. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that low temperature plays a prominent role in regulating natural peel degreening independently of ethylene in citrus fruit. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MitaloOscar W. en-aut-sei=Mitalo en-aut-mei=Oscar W. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtsukiTakumi en-aut-sei=Otsuki en-aut-mei=Takumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaRui en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Rui kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ObitsuSaeka en-aut-sei=Obitsu en-aut-mei=Saeka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MasudaKanae en-aut-sei=Masuda en-aut-mei=Kanae kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HojoYuko en-aut-sei=Hojo en-aut-mei=Yuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuuraTakakazu en-aut-sei=Matsuura en-aut-mei=Takakazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriIzumi C. en-aut-sei=Mori en-aut-mei=Izumi C. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=AbeDaigo en-aut-sei=Abe en-aut-mei=Daigo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=AsicheWilliam O. en-aut-sei=Asiche en-aut-mei=William O. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkagiTakashi en-aut-sei=Akagi en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuboYasutaka en-aut-sei=Kubo en-aut-mei=Yasutaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=UshijimaKoichiro en-aut-sei=Ushijima en-aut-mei=Koichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Shikoku Research Station kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Research and Development, Del Monte Kenya Ltd kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=1-methylcyclopropene kn-keyword=1-methylcyclopropene en-keyword=carotenoids kn-keyword=carotenoids en-keyword=chlorophyll kn-keyword=chlorophyll en-keyword=Citrus limon kn-keyword=Citrus limon en-keyword=ethylene kn-keyword=ethylene en-keyword=low temperature kn-keyword=low temperature en-keyword=peel degreening kn-keyword=peel degreening en-keyword=phytohormones kn-keyword=phytohormones en-keyword=transcriptome kn-keyword=transcriptome END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=25 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=6 end-page=21 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200119 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Tree of motility : A proposed history of motility systems in the tree of life en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Motility often plays a decisive role in the survival of species. Five systems of motility have been studied in depth: those propelled by bacterial flagella, eukaryotic actin polymerization and the eukaryotic motor proteins myosin, kinesin and dynein. However, many organisms exhibit surprisingly diverse motilities, and advances in genomics, molecular biology and imaging have showed that those motilities have inherently independent mechanisms. This makes defining the breadth of motility nontrivial, because novel motilities may be driven by unknown mechanisms. Here, we classify the known motilities based on the unique classes of movement‐producing protein architectures. Based on this criterion, the current total of independent motility systems stands at 18 types. In this perspective, we discuss these modes of motility relative to the latest phylogenetic Tree of Life and propose a history of motility. During the ~4 billion years since the emergence of life, motility arose in Bacteria with flagella and pili, and in Archaea with archaella. Newer modes of motility became possible in Eukarya with changes to the cell envelope. Presence or absence of a peptidoglycan layer, the acquisition of robust membrane dynamics, the enlargement of cells and environmental opportunities likely provided the context for the (co)evolution of novel types of motility. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyataMakoto en-aut-sei=Miyata en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=RobinsonRobert C. en-aut-sei=Robinson en-aut-mei=Robert C. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=UyedaTaro Q. P. en-aut-sei=Uyeda en-aut-mei=Taro Q. P. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukumoriYoshihiro en-aut-sei=Fukumori en-aut-mei=Yoshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukushimaShun‐ichi en-aut-sei=Fukushima en-aut-mei=Shun‐ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HarutaShin en-aut-sei=Haruta en-aut-mei=Shin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=HommaMichio en-aut-sei=Homma en-aut-mei=Michio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=InabaKazuo en-aut-sei=Inaba en-aut-mei=Kazuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=ItoMasahiro en-aut-sei=Ito en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=KaitoChikara en-aut-sei=Kaito en-aut-mei=Chikara kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatoKentaro en-aut-sei=Kato en-aut-mei=Kentaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=KenriTsuyoshi en-aut-sei=Kenri en-aut-mei=Tsuyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=KinositaYoshiaki en-aut-sei=Kinosita en-aut-mei=Yoshiaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=KojimaSeiji en-aut-sei=Kojima en-aut-mei=Seiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=MinaminoTohru en-aut-sei=Minamino en-aut-mei=Tohru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Mori en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakamuraShuichi en-aut-sei=Nakamura en-aut-mei=Shuichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=17 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakaneDaisuke en-aut-sei=Nakane en-aut-mei=Daisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=18 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakayamaKoji en-aut-sei=Nakayama en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=19 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishiyamaMasayoshi en-aut-sei=Nishiyama en-aut-mei=Masayoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=20 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShibataSatoshi en-aut-sei=Shibata en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=21 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimabukuroKatsuya en-aut-sei=Shimabukuro en-aut-mei=Katsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=22 ORCID= en-aut-name=TamakoshiMasatada en-aut-sei=Tamakoshi en-aut-mei=Masatada kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=23 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaokaAzuma en-aut-sei=Taoka en-aut-mei=Azuma kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=24 ORCID= en-aut-name=TashiroYosuke en-aut-sei=Tashiro en-aut-mei=Yosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=25 ORCID= en-aut-name=TulumIsil en-aut-sei=Tulum en-aut-mei=Isil kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=26 ORCID= en-aut-name=WadaHirofumi en-aut-sei=Wada en-aut-mei=Hirofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=27 ORCID= en-aut-name=WakabayashiKen‐ichi en-aut-sei=Wakabayashi en-aut-mei=Ken‐ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=28 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Waseda University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Faculty of Natural System, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Laboratory of Mycoplasmas and Haemophilus, Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Department of Physics, Oxford University kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University kn-affil= affil-num=16 en-affil=Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=17 en-affil=Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University kn-affil= affil-num=18 en-affil=Department of Physics, Gakushuin University kn-affil= affil-num=19 en-affil=Department of Microbiology and Oral Infection, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University kn-affil= affil-num=20 en-affil=Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University kn-affil= affil-num=21 en-affil=Molecular Cryo‐Electron Microscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University kn-affil= affil-num=22 en-affil=Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ube College kn-affil= affil-num=23 en-affil=Department of Molecular Biology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=24 en-affil=Faculty of Natural System, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University kn-affil= affil-num=25 en-affil=Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University kn-affil= affil-num=26 en-affil=Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University kn-affil= affil-num=27 en-affil=Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University kn-affil= affil-num=28 en-affil=Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology kn-affil= en-keyword=appendage kn-keyword=appendage en-keyword=cytoskeleton kn-keyword=cytoskeleton en-keyword=flagella kn-keyword=flagella en-keyword=membrane remodeling kn-keyword=membrane remodeling en-keyword=Mollicutes kn-keyword=Mollicutes en-keyword=motor protein kn-keyword=motor protein en-keyword=peptidoglycan kn-keyword=peptidoglycan en-keyword=three domains kn-keyword=three domains END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1064 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200626 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Diverse Partitiviruses From the Phytopathogenic Fungus,Rosellinia necatrix en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Partitiviruses (dsRNA viruses, familyPartitiviridae) are ubiquitously detected in plants and fungi. Although previous surveys suggested their omnipresence in the white root rot fungus,Rosellinia necatrix, only a few of them have been molecularly and biologically characterized thus far. We report the characterization of a total of 20 partitiviruses from 16R. necatrixstrains belonging to 15 new species, for which "Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 11-Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 25" were proposed, and 5 previously reported species. The newly identified partitiviruses have been taxonomically placed in two genera,Alphapartitivirus, andBetapartitivirus. Some partitiviruses were transfected into reference strains of the natural host,R. necatrix, and an experimental host,Cryphonectria parasitica, using purified virions. A comparative analysis of resultant transfectants revealed interesting differences and similarities between the RNA accumulation and symptom induction patterns ofR. necatrixandC. parasitica. Other interesting findings include the identification of a probable reassortment event and a quintuple partitivirus infection of a single fungal strain. These combined results provide a foundation for further studies aimed at elucidating mechanisms that underly the differences observed. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TelengechPaul en-aut-sei=Telengech en-aut-mei=Paul kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HisanoSakae en-aut-sei=Hisano en-aut-mei=Sakae kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MugambiCyrus en-aut-sei=Mugambi en-aut-mei=Cyrus kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HyodoKiwamu en-aut-sei=Hyodo en-aut-mei=Kiwamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=Arjona-LopezJuan Manuel en-aut-sei=Arjona-Lopez en-aut-mei=Juan Manuel kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=Lopez-HerreraCarlos Jose en-aut-sei=Lopez-Herrera en-aut-mei=Carlos Jose kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanematsuSatoko en-aut-sei=Kanematsu en-aut-mei=Satoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute for Sustainable Agriculture,Spanish Research Council kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=partitivirus kn-keyword=partitivirus en-keyword=dsRNA virus kn-keyword=dsRNA virus en-keyword=phytopathogenic fungus kn-keyword=phytopathogenic fungus en-keyword=Rosellinia necatrix kn-keyword=Rosellinia necatrix en-keyword=Cryphonectria parasitica kn-keyword=Cryphonectria parasitica en-keyword=diversity kn-keyword=diversity en-keyword=reassortment kn-keyword=reassortment en-keyword=horizontal transfer kn-keyword=horizontal transfer END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=66 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200519 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Color measurements according to three sections of wood en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The purpose of this study was to measure each color of three sections of wood with instruments, and to examine whether there were differences between each color of three sections. The total number of tree species measured was 60, with the same number of conifers and broadleaf trees. A test piece, which was a cube with one side of 34 mm, was prepared for each tree species. End grain, edge grain, bark side and pith side of each test piece were flattened by a hand planer. Then, lightness L* and hue/saturation (a*, b*) in the L*a*b* color space were measured with a spectrophotometer. The results showed that the end grain had a lower L* compared to the other planes. The end grain was reddish and yellowish because it had a large a* and small b*. When chroma C* and hue angle h in the L*C*h color space were calculated from a* and b*, the end grain had a small dullness with less vividness because C* was smaller than the other planes. L*, a*, b*, C* and h on the other planes excluding the end grain were almost equal for each plane. Furthermore, it was found that the plane whose lightness L* had the strongest correlation with the density of the test piece was the end grain. Therefore, the correlation diagrams between the density, average of annual ring width, and L*of the end grain of each test piece were shown. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HirataSeiji en-aut-sei=Hirata en-aut-mei=Seiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HayashiSaori en-aut-sei=Hayashi en-aut-mei=Saori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtaMasamitsu en-aut-sei=Ohta en-aut-mei=Masamitsu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Education kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=People Software Corporation kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Former Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= en-keyword=Three sections of wood kn-keyword=Three sections of wood en-keyword=Glossiness kn-keyword=Glossiness en-keyword=Color measurement kn-keyword=Color measurement en-keyword=L*a*b* color space kn-keyword=L*a*b* color space en-keyword=L*C*h color space kn-keyword=L*C*h color space en-keyword=Density kn-keyword=Density en-keyword=Average of annual ring width kn-keyword=Average of annual ring width END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=38 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=14 end-page=22 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Individual and Sexual Differences in Time to Habituate to Food-stimuli Presentation of Potential Prey in Hyla japonica en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= The traits of many animal species exhibit individual and sexual differences. Individuals repeatedly receiving a stimulus without harm become habituated to it. However, few studies have been conducted on individual and sexual differences in the process of habituation to unfamiliar food stimuli. Therefore, we hypothesized that individual differences or sexual differences would be observed in reaction to an in-lab food-stimuli presentation of potential prey items (after that "food stimuli"). We tested the hypothesis using the Japanese tree frog Hyla japonica, and conducted statistical analyses of these results. A generalized linear model (GLM) showed individual and sexual differences in time to get used to the food stimuli. Females habituated more rapidly to food stimuli than males. The difference between sexes is discussed in view of two ultimate and one proximate reasons. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TanabeShintaro en-aut-sei=Tanabe en-aut-mei=Shintaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KasuyaEiiti en-aut-sei=Kasuya en-aut-mei=Eiiti kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyatakeTakahisa en-aut-sei=Miyatake en-aut-mei=Takahisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Habituation kn-keyword=Habituation en-keyword=Hyla japonica kn-keyword=Hyla japonica en-keyword=individual variation kn-keyword=individual variation en-keyword=sexual difference kn-keyword=sexual difference en-keyword=predation kn-keyword=predation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=109 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=37 end-page=40 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Sexuality in plants, unveiled from genome evolution kn-title=ゲノム進化が紐解く植物の性決定 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Sexual polymorphism, a main strategy to maintain genetic diversity within a species, has long been a major focus in biology. Notwithstanding, in plants, evolution of sexual systems and mechanisms underlying these transitions have been little unveiled. We have elucidated the molecular mechanism of sex determination in persimmons (Diospyros spp.), where the Y-encoded smRNA gene OGI can repress the female-determining gene MeGI, and also in kiwifruits (Actinidia spp.), where the Y-encoded two sex determinants, Shy Girl and Friendly Boy, control gynoecium and androecium development, respectively. Although the molecular functions of these determinants are distinct, they have common evolutionary scenarios involving transitions of sexual systems. In persimmon, a recent genome triplication (hexaploidization) in cultivated persimmon (D. kaki) derived “flexible” sexuality via establishing epigenetic layers on the two sex determinants. On the other hand, an ancient Diospyros-specific paleo-genome duplication (paleo-tetraploidization) enabled neofunctionalization in the proto-MeGI, via positive selection, to establish a new function as a sex determinant. In kiwifruit, one of the two sex determinants, Shy Girl, was derived from neofunctionalization via Actinidia-specific duplication event. These findings exemplify how plant-specific numerous duplication events can drive flexible genetic material whose variation can be selected for development of new sexual systems. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AkagiTakashi en-aut-sei=Akagi en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name=赤木剛士 kn-aut-sei=赤木 kn-aut-mei=剛士 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= en-keyword=Sex determination kn-keyword=Sex determination en-keyword=Sex chromosome kn-keyword=Sex chromosome en-keyword=Polyploidization kn-keyword=Polyploidization en-keyword=Genome evolution kn-keyword=Genome evolution en-keyword=Tree crops kn-keyword=Tree crops END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=65 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=124 end-page=126 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20191231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A case of spontaneous mesenteric hematoma successfully diagnosed and treated with aggressive imaging en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Introduction: Spontaneous mesenteric hematoma is an uncommon syndrome triggered by bleeding localized in the mesenteric vascular tree of a bowel segment for no apparent underlying reason. We herein report a surgical patient with an extremely rapidly growing spontaneous mesenteric hematoma that we successfully diagnosed using careful radiologic examination.
Presentation of case: A 56-year-old old male presenting sudden onset lower abdominal pain was referred to our emergency department. At the time of admission, his physical examination revealed stable vital signs without radiological abnormality. On the following day, the patient suddenly presented hypotension, tachycardia, and increased abdominal pain. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography examination showed a mass with both high- and low-density areas with a 130 mm maximum diameter bordering the transverse colon. Since interventional radiologists were not available, we decided to perform emergency exploratory laparotomy. On laparotomy, a 13 × 8 cm hematoma was found in the mesentery of the transverse colon. As bleeding was noted from the branches of the middle colic artery and gastrocolic artery, these responsible vessels were ligated. The patient was finally given the diagnosis of spontaneous mesenteric hematoma.
Discussion and conclusion: The present case, initially diagnosed as enterocolitis, suddenly manifested hypovolemic shock. Close monitoring for any signs of further deterioration, as well as aggressive imaging diagnosis, enabled us to avoid delays in treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment of mesenteric hematomas are essential to prevent them from rupturing and triggering life-threatening adverse events. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NakamuraShunsuke en-aut-sei=Nakamura en-aut-mei=Shunsuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadaTaihei en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Taihei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NojimaTsuyoshi en-aut-sei=Nojima en-aut-mei=Tsuyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NaitouHiromichi en-aut-sei=Naitou en-aut-mei=Hiromichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KogaHitoshi en-aut-sei=Koga en-aut-mei=Hitoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamashitaHisashi en-aut-sei=Yamashita en-aut-mei=Hisashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=GochiAkira en-aut-sei=Gochi en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakaoAtsunori en-aut-sei=Nakao en-aut-mei=Atsunori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Surgery, Ibara City Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=Acute care surgery kn-keyword=Acute care surgery en-keyword=Computed tomography kn-keyword=Computed tomography en-keyword=Mesenteric hematoma kn-keyword=Mesenteric hematoma END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=35 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=12 end-page=17 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=201906 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Species identification of a laboratory strain belonging to the family Arvicolinae kn-title=種名が不明なミズハタネズミ亜科系統の種の同定 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= This study investigated the taxonomic status of a laboratory strain belonging to the family Arvicolinae for which the wild species name is unknown. This vole strain, though considered formerly a Lemming, was distinguishable from any Lemmus species by features of its appearance, skull and molar morphology, and conventional chromosomal pattern. Subsequently, we read the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyb) gene and constructed a molecular phylogenetic tree. We found that this vole strain belongs to the same clade as Microtus guenthe en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakahataSatoshi en-aut-sei=Takahata en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name=高畑智 kn-aut-sei=高畑 kn-aut-mei=智 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IsemuraNatsumi en-aut-sei=Isemura en-aut-mei=Natsumi kn-aut-name=伊勢村夏実 kn-aut-sei=伊勢村 kn-aut-mei=夏実 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MekadaKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Mekada en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name=目加田和之 kn-aut-sei=目加田 kn-aut-mei=和之 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science kn-affil=岡山理科大学 理学部 動物学科 affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science kn-affil=岡山理科大学 理学部 動物学科 affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science kn-affil=岡山理科大学 理学部 動物学科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=西日本の放棄薪炭林における林冠木伐採後のコナラとクヌギの自然更新 kn-title=Natural regeneration of Quercus serrata Thunb. and Q. acutissima Carruth. after cutting canopy trees in an abandoned coppice forest in western Japan en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=DINH TIEN TAI kn-aut-sei=DINH TIEN TAI kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=72 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=67 end-page=72 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2018 dt-pub=201802 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Differences in Risk Factors for Rotator Cuff Tears between Elderly Patients and Young Patients en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= It has been unclear whether the risk factors for rotator cuff tears are the same at all ages or differ between young and older populations. In this study, we examined the risk factors for rotator cuff tears using classification and regression tree analysis as methods of nonlinear regression analysis. There were 65 patients in the rotator cuff tears group and 45 patients in the intact rotator cuff group. Classification and regression tree analysis was performed to predict rotator cuff tears. The target factor was rotator cuff tears; explanatory variables were age, sex, trauma, and critical shoulder angle≥35°. In the results of classification and regression tree analysis, the tree was divided at age 64. For patients aged≥64, the tree was divided at trauma. For patients aged<64, the tree was divided at critical shoulder angle≥35°. The odds ratio for critical shoulder angle≥35° was significant for all ages (5.89), and for patients aged<64 (10.3) while trauma was only a significant factor for patients aged≥64 (5.13). Age, trauma, and critical shoulder angle≥35° were related to rotator cuff tears in this study. However, these risk factors showed different trends according to age group, not a linear relationship. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WatanabeAkihisa en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Akihisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OnoQana en-aut-sei=Ono en-aut-mei=Qana kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishigamiTomohiko en-aut-sei=Nishigami en-aut-mei=Tomohiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirookaTakahiko en-aut-sei=Hirooka en-aut-mei=Takahiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MachidaHirohisa en-aut-sei=Machida en-aut-mei=Hirohisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Rehabilitation, Machida Orthopaedics kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Rehabilitation, Machida Orthopaedics kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Physical Therapy, Konan Woman’s University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Onomichi Municipal Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Rehabilitation, Machida Orthopaedics kn-affil= en-keyword=rotator cuff tears kn-keyword=rotator cuff tears en-keyword=risk factor kn-keyword=risk factor en-keyword=critical shoulder angle kn-keyword=critical shoulder angle en-keyword=trauma kn-keyword=trauma en-keyword=classification and regression tree analysis kn-keyword=classification and regression tree analysis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=107 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=11 end-page=17 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2018 dt-pub=20180201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Virus-induced gene silencing in Prunus fruit tree species with the Apple latent spherical virus vector kn-title=リンゴ小球形潜在ウイルスベクターを用いたサクラ属果樹のウイルス 誘導性ジーンサイレンシングに 関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has been used as a rapid and effective tool for functional analysis of genes in various plants, including woody fruit tree species. In this study, we attempted to develop a VIGS-based gene evaluation system for seven Prunus species, including apricot (P. armeniaca L.), sweet cherry (P. avium L.), almond [P. dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb.], peach (P. persica Batsch), Japanese apricot (P. mume Siebold & Zucc.), Japanese plum (P. salicina Lindl.), and European plum (P. domestica L.), with the Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) vectors. ALSV vectors carrying part of the apricot PHYTOENE DESATURASE (PDS) gene sequence were amplified in Nicotiana benthamiana, and inoculated into the cotyledons of Prunus seedlings by particle bombardment. Typical PDS-silenced phenotypes, characterized by uniform discoloration of the upper leaves, were observed in sweet cherry and some cultivars of apricot and almond several weeks after inoculation. In contrast, attempted ALSV infections of Japanese apricot, Japanese plum, European plum, and the other cultivars of apricot and almond were unsuccessful. Furthermore, although the infection rate of ALSV in peach was high, severe viral infection symptoms were observed in the infected leaves. These results collectively suggested that the efficiency of ALSV infection and VIGS could vary depending on species and/or cultivar in Prunus. The possible use of the ALSV-mediated VIGS system for functional analysis of genes in Prunus is discussed. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawaiTakashi en-aut-sei=Kawai en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name=河井崇 kn-aut-sei=河井 kn-aut-mei=崇 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=gene evaluation system kn-keyword=gene evaluation system en-keyword=post-transcriptional gene silencing kn-keyword=post-transcriptional gene silencing en-keyword=virus vector kn-keyword=virus vector END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=107 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1 end-page=3 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2018 dt-pub=20180201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effects of Olibanum and Tea-tree, used in Aromatherapy today, on the Body and Mind kn-title=現代のアロマセラピーで使用する乳香とティートリー精油の 身体・心への影響について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Olibanum (frankincense), used as a religious offering, has been one of the most valuable and respected substances since ancient times. Tea-tree, with a long history as a folk medicine for Australian aborigines, has been used in modern aromatherapy since the late 1970’s. In this paper, comparisons of olibanum and tea-tree in aromatherapy and their effects on the body and mind are discussed. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AsadaaMasako en-aut-sei=Asadaa en-aut-mei=Masako kn-aut-name=浅田昌古 kn-aut-sei=浅田 kn-aut-mei=昌古 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakaiTakashi en-aut-sei=Sakai en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name=酒井貴志 kn-aut-sei=酒井 kn-aut-mei=貴志 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KiyotaHiromasa en-aut-sei=Kiyota en-aut-mei=Hiromasa kn-aut-name=清田洋正 kn-aut-sei=清田 kn-aut-mei=洋正 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=放送大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学名誉教授 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院　環境生命科学研究科 en-keyword=flavor and fragrance kn-keyword=flavor and fragrance en-keyword=frankincense kn-keyword=frankincense en-keyword=aromatherapy kn-keyword=aromatherapy en-keyword=monoterpenoids kn-keyword=monoterpenoids END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=33 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=22 end-page=25 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2017 dt-pub=201704 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Taxonomic status of Aco strain derived from spiny mice kn-title=トゲマウスAco 系統の種の確定 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Spiny mice are useful in regenerative research and as a model for precocial animals. In the present study, we investigated the taxonomic status of the Aco strain, which is derived from spiny mice of an unidentified species. Although this Aco strain has been tentatively considered A. cahirinus species, it was distinguished from this species based on conventional and G-banding chromosomal patterns of this strain. Subsequently, we determined the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondorial gene cytochrome b (Cyb) and constructed a molecular phylogenetic tree. We found that the Aco strain belongs to the same clade as A. dimidiatus. Based on this molecular analysis, we concluded that the Aco strain of spiny mice should be considered A. dimidiatus. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MochidaHitomi en-aut-sei=Mochida en-aut-mei=Hitomi kn-aut-name=持田瞳 kn-aut-sei=持田 kn-aut-mei=瞳 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MekadaKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Mekada en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name=目加田和之 kn-aut-sei=目加田 kn-aut-mei=和之 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science kn-affil=岡山理科大学 理学部 動物学科 affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science kn-affil=岡山理科大学 理学部 動物学科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=106 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=43 end-page=49 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2017 dt-pub=20170201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Fruit quality control using water management and simple water status detection methods in fruit tree leaves kn-title=果樹における水分ストレスによる 果実成分の制御と葉内水分の計測 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=　In fruit production, water status during the maturation season has a significant effect on fruit quality, influencing not only sugar but also organic acid and amino acid contents. Water management technology, therefore, is important for improving fruit quality and maintaining yield in Japan. This study firstly discusses extensive research into the effect of irrigation control on each component of grape fruit juice. Secondly, given that real time monitoring of leaf moisture content is essential to controlling water status, a simple estimation method is described. This method involved fixing a “water stress indicator” to the abaxial side of a leaf; the indicator changed color depending on the water status, which could then be evaluated. The water status was assessed against an indicator color scale, based on a property of cobalt （II） chloride that causes it to change color, from blue to light pink, through a hydration reaction between the indicator sheet and the water evaporating from the leaf to which the indicator sheet is affixed. By using this method, estimates were made of decreases under water stress conditions in the water evaporation rate from satsuma mandarin, grapes, peaches, and Japanese pear, based on the time required for the indicator sheet to change color. Thirdly, a new electrical sensor method to investigate water status in fruit tree leaves was developed, and used to measure electro pulse period; the relationship with transpiration rate was then evaluated using a leaf porometer. Pulse period was found to be consistently correlated with transpiration rate. The results indicate that the water status of fruit tree leaves can be estimated by measuring pulse period. This provides an accurate and quick method for detecting water stress, which could potentially be used for other crops that are particularly sensitive to water stress. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MorinagaKunihisa en-aut-sei=Morinaga en-aut-mei=Kunihisa kn-aut-name=森永邦久 kn-aut-sei=森永 kn-aut-mei=邦久 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科 en-keyword=fruit quality kn-keyword=fruit quality en-keyword=water status kn-keyword=water status en-keyword=patch test kn-keyword=patch test en-keyword=pulse period kn-keyword=pulse period END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=9 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=e91156 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2014 dt-pub=20140313 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Genetic Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus in Long-Term RNA Replication Using Li23 Cell Culture Systems en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background　 　 The most distinguishing genetic feature of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is its remarkable diversity and variation. To understand this feature, we previously performed genetic analysis of HCV in the long-term culture of human hepatoma HuH-7-derived HCV RNA-replicating cell lines. On the other hand, we newly established HCV RNA-replicating cell lines using human hepatoma Li23 cells, which were distinct from HuH-7 cells. 　 Methodology/Principal Findings　 　 Li23-derived HCV RNA-replicating cells were cultured for 4 years. We performed genetic analysis of HCVs recovered from these cells at 0, 2, and 4 years in culture. Most analysis was performed in two separate parts: one part covered from the 5′-terminus to NS2, which is mostly nonessential for RNA replication, and the other part covered from NS3 to NS5B, which is essential for RNA replication. Genetic mutations in both regions accumulated in a time-dependent manner, and the mutation rates in the 5′-terminus-NS2 and NS3-NS5B regions were 4.0–9.0×10−3 and 2.7–4.0×10−3 base substitutions/site/year, respectively. These results suggest that the variation in the NS3-NS5B regions is affected by the pressure of RNA replication. Several in-frame deletions (3–105 nucleotides) were detected in the structural regions of HCV RNAs obtained from 2-year or 4-year cultured cells. Phylogenetic tree analyses clearly showed that the genetic diversity of HCV was expanded in a time-dependent manner. The GC content of HCV RNA was significantly increased in a time-dependent manner, as previously observed in HuH-7-derived cell systems. This phenomenon was partially due to the alterations in codon usages for codon optimization in human cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these long-term cultured cells were useful as a source for the selection of HCV clones showing resistance to anti-HCV agents. 　 Conclusions/Significance　 　 Long-term cultured HCV RNA-replicating cells are useful for the analysis of evolutionary dynamics and variations of HCV and for drug-resistance analysis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KatoNobuyuki en-aut-sei=Kato en-aut-mei=Nobuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SejimaHiroe en-aut-sei=Sejima en-aut-mei=Hiroe kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=UedaYouki en-aut-sei=Ueda en-aut-mei=Youki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriKyoko en-aut-sei=Mori en-aut-mei=Kyoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatohShinya en-aut-sei=Satoh en-aut-mei=Shinya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=DansakoHiromichi en-aut-sei=Dansako en-aut-mei=Hiromichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=IkedaMasanori en-aut-sei=Ikeda en-aut-mei=Masanori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Tumor Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Tumor Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Tumor Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Tumor Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Tumor Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Tumor Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Tumor Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=20 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=11 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2015 dt-pub=201503 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Preliminary study on the preserved trees in the central part of Himeji city and Syosya-zan Engyo-ji in terms of civil consciousness en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=　This study investigated the civil consciousness on the preserved trees in Himeji city, Hyogo prefecture. We conducted data collection in the city hall,,observed preserved trees, and examined the awareness of citizens against the preserved trees in the central area and Syosya-zan Engyo-ji. As a result, it was revealed that the citizens are not indifferent to the natural environment of trees, etc., they also do not have a strong interest in it in particular. As for preserved tree system, there were some slight differences in the recog -nition between the people who actually take care of trees and administration. People are in favor of the need for the current system of preserved trees. However, in Japan, which is blessed with many things, people do not recognize strongly appreciating the natural environment. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IchiminamiFumikazu en-aut-sei=Ichiminami en-aut-mei=Fumikazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NoguchiYukiko en-aut-sei=Noguchi en-aut-mei=Yukiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=DinçsoyMeltem Okur en-aut-sei=Dinçsoy en-aut-mei=Meltem Okur kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=DinçsoyEnver Erdinç en-aut-sei=Dinçsoy en-aut-mei=Enver Erdinç kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=JA Hyogo Informatin Center affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Trakya University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Banking, School of Applied Sciences, Trakya University en-keyword=preserved tree kn-keyword=preserved tree en-keyword=ordinance kn-keyword=ordinance en-keyword=civil consciousness kn-keyword=civil consciousness en-keyword=Himeji city kn-keyword=Himeji city END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2014 dt-pub=20140616 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Efficient DNA Fingerprinting Based on the Targeted Sequencing of Active Retrotransposon Insertion Sites Using a Bench-Top High-Throughput Sequencing Platform en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In many crop species, DNA fingerprinting is required for the precise identification of cultivars to protect the rights of breeders. Many families of retrotransposons have multiple copies throughout the eukaryotic genome and their integrated copies are inherited genetically. Thus, their insertion polymorphisms among cultivars are useful for DNA fingerprinting. In this study, we conducted a DNA fingerprinting based on the insertion polymorphisms of active retrotransposon families (Rtsp-1 and LIb) in sweet potato. Using 38 cultivars, we identified 2024 insertion sites in the two families with an Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. Of these insertion sites, 91.4% appeared to be polymorphic among the cultivars and 376 cultivar-specific insertion sites were identified, which were converted directly into cultivar-specific sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using these insertion sites, which corresponded well with known pedigree information, thereby indicating their suitability for genetic diversity studies. Thus, the genome-wide comparative analysis of active retrotransposon insertion sites using the bench-top MiSeq sequencing platform is highly effective for DNA fingerprinting without any requirement for whole genome sequence information. This approach may facilitate the development of practical polymerase chain reaction-based cultivar diagnostic system and could also be applied to the determination of genetic relationships. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MondenYuki en-aut-sei=Monden en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoAyaka en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Ayaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShindoAkiko en-aut-sei=Shindo en-aut-mei=Akiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaharaMakoto en-aut-sei=Tahara en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University en-keyword=DNA fingerprinting kn-keyword=DNA fingerprinting en-keyword=high-throughput sequencing kn-keyword=high-throughput sequencing en-keyword=molecular marker kn-keyword=molecular marker en-keyword=retrotransposon kn-keyword=retrotransposon en-keyword=sweet potato kn-keyword=sweet potato END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=35 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=19 end-page=22 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2014 dt-pub=201402 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Evaluation of Tree Barks and their Hybrid Materials with Hydrophilic Polymers as Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Ions kn-title=スギ，ヒノキ樹皮及び樹皮—透水性ポリマー複合材料の重金属イオン吸着能評価 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The radioactive pollutions in environment caused by the accident of atomic power plants in Fukushima, Japan, is still serious and rapid measures to the severe problem is required. It is well known that various biomass have adsorption ability for toxic metal ions from aqueous media. We have evaluated the adsorption ability of the bark of Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa, and their hybrid materials with hydrophilic polymers, for cesium, strontium, and other heavy metal ions. As the results, these materials are useful as adsorbents for a water and soil purification system. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IshikawaTeruhiko en-aut-sei=Ishikawa en-aut-mei=Teruhiko kn-aut-name=石川彰彦 kn-aut-sei=石川 kn-aut-mei=彰彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatayamaShyota en-aut-sei=Katayama en-aut-mei=Shyota kn-aut-name=片山翔太 kn-aut-sei=片山 kn-aut-mei=翔太 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitaokaTatsuya en-aut-sei=Kitaoka en-aut-mei=Tatsuya kn-aut-name=北岡達也 kn-aut-sei=北岡 kn-aut-mei=達也 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=IgamiShinya en-aut-sei=Igami en-aut-mei=Shinya kn-aut-name=居上真也 kn-aut-sei=居上 kn-aut-mei=真也 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ItoKatsuhito en-aut-sei=Ito en-aut-mei=Katsuhito kn-aut-name=伊藤勝仁 kn-aut-sei=伊藤 kn-aut-mei=勝仁 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院教育学研究科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院教育学研究科 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院教育学研究科 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院教育学研究科 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=株式会社アイセロ en-keyword=cesium kn-keyword=cesium en-keyword=strontium kn-keyword=strontium en-keyword=metal ion kn-keyword=metal ion en-keyword=adsorption kn-keyword=adsorption en-keyword=radioactivity kn-keyword=radioactivity en-keyword=tree barks kn-keyword=tree barks END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=56 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=16 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2014 dt-pub=201401 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=MUTATING BRAUER TREES en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this paper we introduce mutation of Brauer trees. We show that our mutation of Brauer trees explicitly describes the tilting mutation of Brauer tree algebras introduced by Okuyama and Rickard. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AiharaTakuma en-aut-sei=Aihara en-aut-mei=Takuma kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Division of Mathematical Science and Physics, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University en-keyword=Brauer tree kn-keyword=Brauer tree en-keyword=Brauer tree algebra kn-keyword=Brauer tree algebra en-keyword=tilting mutation kn-keyword=tilting mutation en-keyword=mutation of Brauer tree kn-keyword=mutation of Brauer tree END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=9 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=39 end-page=60 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1941 dt-pub=19411110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Studies on the Effect of Kinds of Tree in Culture Medium upon the Growth of Cortinellus Berkeleyanus. I. The Mycelial Growth in Pure Culture on the Sawdust Medium prepared of Various Kinds of Tree. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NisikadoY. en-aut-sei=Nisikado en-aut-mei=Y. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimuraK. en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyawakiY. en-aut-sei=Miyawaki en-aut-mei=Y. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=57 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=87 end-page=92 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1978 dt-pub=197803 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Occurrence of mulberry trees，Morus sp. in New Guinea (New Guinea Studies. II.) kn-title=ニューギニアの桑について (ニューギニア研究 第2報) en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YasueY. en-aut-sei=Yasue en-aut-mei=Y. kn-aut-name=安江安宣 kn-aut-sei=安江 kn-aut-mei=安宣 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=56 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=49 end-page=70 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1977 dt-pub=197702 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Ecological studies on breeding, feeding and hunting of the Japanese tree sparrow, Passer montanus saturatus STElNEGER kn-title=スズメPasser montanus saturatus STEJNEGERの繁殖,給餌ならびに探餌活動に関する生態学的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WatabeN. en-aut-sei=Watabe en-aut-mei=N. kn-aut-name=渡部尚久 kn-aut-sei=渡部 kn-aut-mei=尚久 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasueY. en-aut-sei=Yasue en-aut-mei=Y. kn-aut-name=安江安宣 kn-aut-sei=安江 kn-aut-mei=安宣 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=7 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=549 end-page=556 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1937 dt-pub=19370501 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=On Neocosmospora vasinfecta. Smith, a Causal Fungus of Seedling-Wilt of Silk-Tree, Albizzia Fulibrissin Durraz. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NisikadoYosikazu en-aut-sei=Nisikado en-aut-mei=Yosikazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamautiKiyū en-aut-sei=Yamauti en-aut-mei=Kiyū kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=6 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=539 end-page=560 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1935 dt-pub=19350120 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Contributions to the Knowledge of the Sap Stains of Wood in Japan. III. Studies on Ceratostomella piceae Münch, the Cause of a Blue Stain of Pine Trees. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NisikadoYosikazu en-aut-sei=Nisikado en-aut-mei=Yosikazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamautiKiyû en-aut-sei=Yamauti en-aut-mei=Kiyû kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=6 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=467 end-page=490 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1934 dt-pub=19341101 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Contributions to the Knowledge of the Sap Stains of Wood in Japan. II. Studies on Ceratostomella pini Münch，t he Cause of a Blue Stain of Pine Trees. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NisikadoYosikazu en-aut-sei=Nisikado en-aut-mei=Yosikazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamautiKiyû en-aut-sei=Yamauti en-aut-mei=Kiyû kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=5 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=501 end-page=538 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1933 dt-pub=19330215 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Contributions to the Knowledge of the Sap Stains of Wood in Japan. I. Studies on Ceratostomella ips Rumbold，th e Cause of a Blue Stain of Pine Trees in Western Japan. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NisikadoYosikazu en-aut-sei=Nisikado en-aut-mei=Yosikazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamautiHiroyoshi en-aut-sei=Yamauti en-aut-mei=Hiroyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=102 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=53 end-page=62 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=20130201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Development of New Irrigation System based on Water Relations Research for Citrus Fruit Production kn-title=カンキツの水分生理特性の解析に 基づく「マルチ・ドリップ栽培技術」の開発 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A new cultivation system using drip irrigation and liquid fertilization methods combined with year-round plastic mulching system (DLYM system) was developed, expecting high quality and stable fruit production based on the research results on water relations of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu M.), where sugar accumulation in fruit was caused by an increase in translocation of photosynthates into fruit under drought stress. 　Water and/or nutrient solution is automatically supplied through the drip tubes laid under mulching sheets to give adequate water stress. Fruit quality was well controlled through the DLYM system. Sugar content of fruit increased by 2 Brix %, and functional components such as β‒cryptoxantin and β‒caroten increased by about 50% compared to juice from fruit grown on control trees. In addition, new technologies were developed, such as hydraulic design support system and water stress indicator sheet. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MorinagaKunihisa en-aut-sei=Morinaga en-aut-mei=Kunihisa kn-aut-name=森永邦久 kn-aut-sei=森永 kn-aut-mei=邦久 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=water stress kn-keyword=water stress en-keyword=drip irrigation kn-keyword=drip irrigation en-keyword=mulching kn-keyword=mulching en-keyword=satuma mandarin kn-keyword=satuma mandarin END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2012 dt-pub=20120323 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=温帯性落葉樹におけるキャビテーション感受性に関わる木部の水輸送特性 kn-title=Xylem water transport properties linking vulnerability to cavitation in temperate deciduous tree species en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OgasaMayumi en-aut-sei=Ogasa en-aut-mei=Mayumi kn-aut-name=小笠真由美 kn-aut-sei=小笠 kn-aut-mei=真由美 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=101 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=39 end-page=47 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2012 dt-pub=20120201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=インドネシア，西ジャワのマンゴスチン園における気象環境と葉のC-N 率の樹冠部位および樹齢による違い kn-title=Meteorological Conditions of Mangosteen Orchard in West Java, Indonesia and Seasonal Changes in C-N Ratio of Their Leaves as Affected by Sector (Position in Canopy) and Tree Age en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=マンゴスチンの果実生産性や果実品質が樹冠部位や樹齢によって異なる点について，インドネシア西ジャワの商業的マンゴスチン園で照度と降雨量を調査するとともに，20，35および50年生樹を５個体ずつ選び，各個体樹冠の高さと幅から9つのセクター（樹冠部位）に分け，葉の葉色値（SPAD値），クロロフィル含量，炭水化物含量，窒素含量およびC-N率を比較した．晴天日の照度は，樹齢による差は小さくセクター9（各樹齢7.5～8.1μmol・M(-2)・S(-1)）が最も高く，一方セクター1（各樹齢0.4～0.5μmol・M(-2)・S(-1)）で最も低かった．樹冠外部の照度はいずれの樹齢も樹冠内部よりも高く，またセクター1，2，3のような下部よりも7，8，9のような上部で高かった．調査を行った2010年は雨季の開始が例年よりも2～3か月早く，このため樹体の生育相が例年とは大きく異なった．葉色値は樹齢に関係なくセクター1～4のような下部の葉よりもセクター5～9のような上部の葉で高かった．葉の炭水化物含量は，20年生樹ではセクター1～3の下部よりも7～9の上部で高かったが，35年生と50年生樹ではそれぞれ50.7～53.0%と51.3～52.6%で大差なかった．一方，葉の窒素含量は樹齢や測定時期に関係なくセクター5～9の上部よりもセクター1～4の下部で高かった．このため，葉のC-N率は樹冠の下部よりも上部で高かった．この結果をもとにマンゴスチンの果実生産性と品質および樹冠部位と樹齢との関係を考察した． kn-abstract=Productivity and quality of mangosteen fruit is markedly affected by tree age and sector (position in canopy). The objective of this study was to make clear seasonal changes in meteorological conditions of mangosteen orchard, and C-N ratio of leaves in relation to tree age and sector. The experiment was conducted using mangosteen trees grown in commercial orchard in Bogor, Indonesia during May to October 2010. Mangosteen trees of 3 different ages, young (20-year-old), middle (35-year-old), and old (50-year-old), each of five trees, were selected for study, and the canopy of each tree was divided into 9 sectors based on height (bottom, middle, top) and width (inner, center, outer). The light intensity on sunny days was higher in Sector 9, it was 8.1, 7.5, and 7.7 μmol・M(−2)・s(−1) in young, middle-aged and old trees, respectively, whereas in Sector 1 it was low, resulting 0.5, 0.4, and 0.5 μmol・M(−2)・s(−1) in young, middle-aged and old trees, respectively. Regardless of tree age, light intensity in outer position in canopy was higher than in the inner, and also it was higher in taller than in lower positions in canopy. In 2010, the phenological aspects of mangosteen orchard markedly changed because of irregular rainfall. In spite of tree age, SPAD value of leaves in upper parts such as Sectors 5-9 was high comparing with lower ones such as Sectors 1-4. In young trees, carbohydrate content of leaves was higher in top positions such as Sectors 7-9 than in bottom ones such as Sectors 1-3, whereas in middle-aged and old trees, no significant difference of carbohydrate content was observed among sectors. Regardless of month and tree age measured, nitrogen content of leaves was higher in lower positions in canopy such as Sectors 1-4 than in upper ones such as Sectors 5-9. Consequently, the C-N ratio of leaves was higher in the upper part of canopy compared to the lower. Based on the results, the relationships between meteorological status and C-N ratio of leaves and fruit productivity and quality of mangosteen are discussed in relation to position in canopy and tree age. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SetiawanEko en-aut-sei=Setiawan en-aut-mei=Eko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=PoerwantoRoedhy en-aut-sei=Poerwanto en-aut-mei=Roedhy kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukudaFumio en-aut-sei=Fukuda en-aut-mei=Fumio kn-aut-name=福田文夫 kn-aut-sei=福田 kn-aut-mei=文夫 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KubotaNaohiro en-aut-sei=Kubota en-aut-mei=Naohiro kn-aut-name=久保田尚浩 kn-aut-sei=久保田 kn-aut-mei=尚浩 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University en-keyword=chlorophyll kn-keyword=chlorophyll en-keyword=C-N ratio kn-keyword=C-N ratio en-keyword=meteorological conditions kn-keyword=meteorological conditions en-keyword=sector (position in canopy) kn-keyword=sector (position in canopy) en-keyword=tree age kn-keyword=tree age END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=46 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=2587 end-page=2608 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1934 dt-pub=19341031 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the Development of the Bird's Lung, especially on Uroloncha domestica Flower kn-title=肺臓原基ノ形態學的發生ニ就テ（鳥類殊ニ十姉妹ニ於ケル檢索） en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Though many experiments concerning the development of the avian lung anlage have been performed, our knowlegde is still inadequate and defective with regard to the state of the development of air-sacs, parabronchi and recurrent bronchi. The author investigated to the development of the lung anlage of Uroloncha domestica Flower, comparing his results with those of Rösler, Shikinami, Murayama and Yakushiji, and in connection with this, further observed the state of the dovelopment of air-sacs, parabronchi and bronchial circuits. Most of the embryos were fixed in Zenker's fluid, and stained with borax-carmine. After subsequent treatment in the usual manner, these specimens were embedded in paraffin and trimmed and cut in transverse serial sections with a thickness of 10 microns. A number of models were prepared according to Born-Peter's method of wax-plate reconstruction. From the results obtained the following may be concluded. 1) The lung anlage of Uroloncha domestica Flower develops in pairs as in the case of the mammals and other birds. 2) In an embryo of 28 somites and 4.0mm in length, the first appearance of the lung anlage comes in as an enlargement of each side of the foregut caudal to the third gill-pouch. 3) In an embryo of 3.5mm length and of 31 somites, the lung anlage appears as a hernious enlargement on each side of the foregut. The distal end of the anlage foreshadows the bronchus anlage. 4) In an embryo of 4.5mm in length, the bronchus anlage is clearly distinguished and its distal portion is divided into the right and left mesobronchi. Each of the mesobronchi, markedly extending in the caudal direction, shows in the central portion of the dorsal surface the first division of the bronchus, i.e. Ent. 1., as a papillar bud-like enlargement. 5) In an embryo of 5.0-6.5mm length, each mesobronchus, divided from the bronchus, shows irregular spindle-shaped enlargement which forms the embryonic vestibulum. In an embryo of 7.0mm length, the embryonic vestibulum, surrounded by the mesobronchus, does not show any clear outline. 6) In an embryo of 5.0mm in length, the mesobronchus shows not only the Ent. 1. and 2., and at the caudo-medial portion Ent. 3. and 4., but also Ect. 1. and 2., which developed from the dorsal surface of the embryonic vestibulum. The four entobronchi enumerated in Uroloncha domestica Flower and these are in front of the embryonic vestibulum. 7) In an embryo of 5.5mm length, not only do each of the Ent. 1., 2., 3. and 4. show enlargement and proliferation, but the Ect. 1., 2. and 3. develop from the dorsal surface of the embryonic vestibulum, and the Lat. 2. is foreshadowed at the lateral wall of the embryonic vestibulum. 8) In an embryo of 6.0mm length, three branches from Ent. 1., extending towards cranial, transverse and medial, two branches from Ent. 2. towards ventro-lateral and dorso-lateral, two branches from Ent. 3. towards cranial and ventral, develop in connection with the enlargement of Ent. 4. The outlines of Ect. 1., 2., 3., 4., and Lat. 1., 2., 3. are clearly seem. 9) In an embryo of 6.5mm length, the first appearance of the air-sacs and parabronchi, which are proper to the bird's embryo, is observed. It arises from the Ent. 1., cranial the cervical air-sac, transversal the lateral moiety of the interclavicular airsac: from the Ent. 3., cranial the medial moiety of the interclavicular air-sac, ventral the anterior intermediate air-sac: from the Lat. 3., the posterior intermediate air-sac: from the Ent. 1. and 2., respectively 3. and 2. parabronchi: from the Ent. 3., each two parabronchi of the ventral and dorsal walls, and from Ent. 4. none. Further the ectobronchi develops 4 on the right side and 5 on the left. Ect. 1. divides in cranial and dorsal branches, from each of which two parabronchi develop. 3 parabronchi rise from Ect. 3.,4 . from Ect. 3.,a nd 2., from Ect. 4. At this time, Lat. 1., 2.,a nd 3. begin to appear and one parabronchus develops from Lat . 2. 10) In an embryo of 7.0mm length, each bronchial tree shows not only more enlargement and ramification, but each branch arising from the bronchial tree also shows marked development and grape-like appearance where they come in contact with each other. Ent. 1., and 2. from the ventral portion of the upper region of the lung. The tree-like parabronchi arising from Ent. 1., and 2., come in contact at the lateral surface of the upper region of the lung with the parabronchi from Ect. 1., 2. and Lat. 1., 2., which extend in a cranial direction. Ent. 3., and 4. from the ventral portion of the caudal lung region, and the parabronchi arising from these come into contact at the lateral and medial sides of the dorsal surface of the lung with those from the Ect. 2., 3., and 4. In this way, the parabronchi which come in contact with each other, combine together and from the bronchial circuits. And the anterior-intermediate-air-sac of the Ent. 3., as mentioned in the embryo of 6.5mm length, extending towards ventral, forms a rod-like prominence and develops the medial moiety that extends from cranial to ventral direction. At this stage, the first appearance of the recurrent bronchi is observed at the cranial extremity of the posterior-intermediate-air-sac, rising from Lat. 3. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KaneokaHideo en-aut-sei=Kaneoka en-aut-mei=Hideo kn-aut-name=金岡英雄 kn-aut-sei=金岡 kn-aut-mei=英雄 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學解剖學教室胎生學研究室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=49 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=2368 end-page=2376 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1937 dt-pub=19371231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=About the Oxidizable Substances in Living Tissues kn-title=動植物組織内ノ被酸化物質ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The main points of the results of experiments made by the author are as follows: 1) When treated according to Thunberg-Ahlgren's method, an oxidizable substance decolourizes methylen blue, and oxidizes itself. This oxidation takes place faster in an alkaline medium than in an acid medium, while formalin acts as a catalase for this reaction. 2) The light-emitting test which is employed especially in our laboratory is a very sensitive one for finding out the existence of oxidizable substances and has many advantages. 3) Though researched by various methods there seems to be no difference between oxidizable substances of the male and those of the female. 4) The leaves of a maiden-hair tree and those of a platanus, and the muscles of the lower limbs of a frog all have oxidizable substance in them, but autiscorbic power is founed in the first two things only. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawamuraKen'iti en-aut-sei=Kawamura en-aut-mei=Ken'iti kn-aut-name=河村謙一 kn-aut-sei=河村 kn-aut-mei=謙一 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學生理學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=100 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=39 end-page=51 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2011 dt-pub=20110201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=エジプト紅海沿岸のマングローブ林の林分構造 kn-title=Forest structure of gray mangrove (Avicennia marina) along Egyptian Red Sea coast en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Established mangrove forests along the coastal area of the Arabian Peninsula and African side of the Red Sea are uniquely different from mangrove forests in other parts of the world because of their low biodiversity and harsh habitat of arid and highly saline conditions. Therefore mangrove forests in this area appear in patchy and scattered patterns at mouths of wadi or in sheltered lagoons with rare and irregular flooding. Most of them are pure forests of Avicennia marina, occasionally mixed with Rhizophora mucronata in the southern part of the Red Sea. In this study, we analyze the forest structure of A. marina and discuss the regeneration strategy and the forest dynamics of this unique mangrove species. Three experimental plots of 1000 to 2000 trees/ha were selected from north to south along the Red Sea coast. The highest tree size (6.8m) suggested severe effects of the high salinity of the Red Sea (3.2 to 4.9%) on tree growth. Dense mantle vegetation had developed at the forest edge facing the open sea to protect the forest interior against strong waves and wind. Tree growth was also prevented by severe drought on the landside edge of the forest. All the forests had a dense seedling bank throughout the forest floor, with a very high rate of turnover and regeneration, which seldom occurred in other forests. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YoshikawaKen en-aut-sei=Yoshikawa en-aut-mei=Ken kn-aut-name=吉川賢 kn-aut-sei=吉川 kn-aut-mei=賢 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=InoueMasaki en-aut-sei=Inoue en-aut-mei=Masaki kn-aut-name=井上正樹 kn-aut-sei=井上 kn-aut-mei=正樹 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshimoriIchidou en-aut-sei=Yoshimori en-aut-mei=Ichidou kn-aut-name=吉森一道 kn-aut-sei=吉森 kn-aut-mei=一道 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakashimaAtsushi en-aut-sei=Nakashima en-aut-mei=Atsushi kn-aut-name=中島敦司 kn-aut-sei=中島 kn-aut-mei=敦司 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TeraminamiTomohiro en-aut-sei=Teraminami en-aut-mei=Tomohiro kn-aut-name=寺南智弘 kn-aut-sei=寺南 kn-aut-mei=智弘 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoNaoko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Naoko kn-aut-name=松尾奈緒子 kn-aut-sei=松尾 kn-aut-mei=奈緒子 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=BanjoRyo en-aut-sei=Banjo en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name=萬城遼 kn-aut-sei=萬城 kn-aut-mei=遼 aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyamotoChiharu en-aut-sei=Miyamoto en-aut-mei=Chiharu kn-aut-name=宮本千晴 kn-aut-sei=宮本 kn-aut-mei=千晴 aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=NGO, Action for Mangrove Reforestation en-keyword=Gray mangrove (Avicennia marina) kn-keyword=Gray mangrove (Avicennia marina) en-keyword=the Red Sea kn-keyword=the Red Sea en-keyword=forest structure kn-keyword=forest structure en-keyword=seedling bank kn-keyword=seedling bank END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=3057 end-page=3071 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19571231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Stereometric observations of bronchi of newborns by means of synthetic resin. Type, angle and direction of the bronchial ramification observed in 58 moulds of bronchial tree which were made avilable by pouring synthetic resin into lunge kn-title=合成樹脂注入法による新生児胎児気管枝の立体的観察 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Experimental Method: 1) Reagents: Colloidal fluids used were following: 1. {Methylmetacrylate 100,0g. Benzoyl Peroxide 2.4g. These reagents were mixed in a temperature below 85°C. Just before the experiment, 2 and 3 are added to 1. 2. Polymer 120,0 g. 3. Dibuthyl Phthalate 1,0 g. 2) How to make moulds: 1. Resin was directly poured into lungs, after cutting off bronchus, under vocal chords, without removing lungs. Hydrochloric acid and water were used as the postmanagement, which removed putride tissues. 2. Total quantity of resin colloids were 2.5-8.0 c. c. Pouring pressure was below 100 mm H(2)O. Results: 6.732 bronchial anfles were observed: 1. Raminification angles of bronchus enlarged in the portion of maturity of newborns, depth and length of neonatal breath. This phenomen appeared frequently in angles of external stratum. 2. In ramification type, right upper lobe chiefly showed two ramifications. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MitsutaniShiro en-aut-sei=Mitsutani en-aut-mei=Shiro kn-aut-name=満谷士郎 kn-aut-sei=満谷 kn-aut-mei=士郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部産婦人科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=44 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=61 end-page=75 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1975 dt-pub=19750325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Water in the Living Things : Preliminary Analyses and Discussions kn-title=生物体内の水の酸素同位体組成 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Oxygen isotope analysis was carried out, by use of a new method (oxalate equilibration method) of preparing CO(2) for mass spectrometry, on water samples extracted from a number of biological samples collected in Misasa Town and Hashizu Coast, Tottori Prefecture. The δ values (the per mil enrichment of (18)O in sample waters relative to the Standard Mean Ocean Water) were suggested to be distributed in the living things as follows. The water absorbed by plant roots was supposed to have the same δ value with the water outside it (δs. about -8‰), and in a rapidly transpiring plant, this water reached the leaves, partly infiltrating into the phloem. When transpiration was slow, on the other hand, the isotopic composition of ascending xylem sap was modified by the exchange of water with phloem. where leaf water with a higher δ value was migrating. As Gonfiantini et aI. (1965) and Dongmann et al. (1972) have odserved, leaf waters were enriched markedly in (18)O in the daytime. A criterion of the δ of leaf water may be the sum of δs and △δ that corresponds to the (18)O fractionation factor in the H(2)O(I)-H(2)O(v) system. The sum comes to about 0‰ at ordinary leaf temperatures. and really δ values near 0‰ were observed in leaves of some herbaceous plants, in exudate from a tip of vine of Kudzu, in body fluid of herbivorous insects, etc., but higher δs (up to +19‰) were also observed in some other leaves such as pine needles, Especially leaves showed an increase in δ by about 10 ‰ toward the pnd of November when the average temperature fell below 10℃, probably because of accumulation of the daily enrichment as a resul t of slow water absorption and circulation. A few plant species grown on a dune were analyzed and it seemed that, among them, herbaceous plants were dependent on spraied sea water and pine trees on ground water. δ's of petal water were dispersed (-9～-3‰), probably according to the volume-to-transpirational flux ratio of water in the petals. Succurent fruits in enlarging stage seemed to have lower δ's near δs, but in maturing stagp δ's increaspd to about -4‰, i.e., to the avpraged δ of Ieaf water in the day and night. Herbivorous insects (imagines and la rvae) in general had distinctly higher δ values than carnivorous insects, the border being at -1‰. However, lower δ's at about -5‰ were obserbed on aphides which might have been sucking somewhat dilutpd leaf water from seave tube cells. Sometimes the δ of a herbivorous insect was a few per mil higher than that of the leaf it was nibbling, probably as a result of evaporation of water from the insect and of respiration. The level at about -3‰ common for carnivorous insects could not be explained, although tipula and chironomus making a swarm also showed a δ value on the level. Blood of a heron did not show such a low δ as supposed from its food habit. As compared with the drinking water of -8‰, blood and urine were found to have an identical δ in the range of -4 to -5‰ in either mouse or man, The δ value of the oxidation water produced in man's body was estimated to be about -6‰ from an approximate water balance. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KishimaNoriaki en-aut-sei=Kishima en-aut-mei=Noriaki kn-aut-name=木島宣明 kn-aut-sei=木島 kn-aut-mei=宣明 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学温泉研究所温泉化学部門 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2002 dt-pub=20020402 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=High-susceptibility of photosynthesis to photoinhibition in the tropical plant Ficus microcarpa L. f. cv. Golden Leaves en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Background: The tropical plant Ficus microcarpa L. f. cv. Golden Leaves (GL) is a high-light sensitive tropical fig tree in which sun-leaves are yellow and shade-leaves are green. We compared the response of photosynthetic activities to strong light between GL and its wild-type (WT, Ficus microcarpa L. f.).

Results: Field measurements of maximum photosystem II (PSII) efficiency (Fv/Fm) of intact sunleaves in GL showed that photo synthetic activity was severely photoinhibited during the daytime (Fv/Fm = 0.46) and subsequently recovered in the evening (Fv/Fm = 0.76). In contrast, WT did not show any substantial changes of Fv/Fm values throughout the day (between 0.82 and 0.78). Light dependency of the CO2 assimilation rate in detached shade-leaves of GL showed a response similar to that in WT, suggesting no substantial difference in photosynthetic performance between them.Several indicators of photoinhibition, including declines in PSII reaction center protein (D1)content, Fv/Fm value, and O2 evolution and CO2 assimilation rates, all indicated that GL is much more susceptible to photoinhibition than WT. Kinetics of PAM chlorophyll a fluorescence revealed that nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) capacity of GL was lower than that of WT.

Conclusion: We conclude that the photosynthetic apparatus of GL is more highly susceptible to photoinhibition than that of WT.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakahashiShunichi en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Shunichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TamashiroAyumu en-aut-sei=Tamashiro en-aut-mei=Ayumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakihamaYasuko en-aut-sei=Sakihama en-aut-mei=Yasuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoYasusi en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Yasusi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawamitsuYoshinobu en-aut-sei=Kawamitsu en-aut-mei=Yoshinobu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamasakiHideo en-aut-sei=Yamasaki en-aut-mei=Hideo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Laboratory of Cell and Functional Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Laboratory of Cell and Functional Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Laboratory of Cell and Functional Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Laboratory of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Laboratory of Cell and Functional Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus en-keyword=Carbon dioxide kn-keyword=Carbon dioxide en-keyword=Chlorophyll kn-keyword=Chlorophyll en-keyword=Ficus kn-keyword=Ficus en-keyword=Genotype kn-keyword=Genotype en-keyword=Oxygen kn-keyword=Oxygen en-keyword=Photosynthesis kn-keyword=Photosynthesis en-keyword=Photosystem II protein complex kn-keyword=Photosystem II protein complex en-keyword=Plant leaves kn-keyword=Plant leaves END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=729 end-page=732 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=19956 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Automatic sensing device of electrical characteristics of living trees en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

The electrical impedance of a living tissue reflects its cell construction and physiological activity. For this purpose we developed an automatic sensing device of electrical tissue characteristics. The system is composed of a part measuring impedance at multifrequency points and a part analyzing parameters of dispersion of bioelectrical impedance, impedances are measured at eight frequency points of 1 kHz-500 kHz. The parameters for Cole-Cole arc's law are determined automatically by a personal computer program

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamamotoYoshitake en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Yoshitake kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HaradaHiroshi en-aut-sei=Harada en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasuharaKiyotaka en-aut-sei=Yasuhara en-aut-mei=Kiyotaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakamuraTakao en-aut-sei=Nakamura en-aut-mei=Takao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=biological techniques kn-keyword=biological techniques en-keyword=cellular biophysics kn-keyword=cellular biophysics en-keyword=computerised instrumentation kn-keyword=computerised instrumentation en-keyword=electric impedance kn-keyword=electric impedance en-keyword=measurement kn-keyword=measurement en-keyword=electric sensing devices kn-keyword=electric sensing devices END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=430 end-page=436 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2001 dt-pub=20019 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A global routing technique for wave-steered design methodology en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Wave-Steering is a new circuit design methodology to realize high throughput circuits by embedding layout friendly structures in silicon. Latches guarantee correct signal arrival times at the input of synthesized modules and maintain the high throughput of operation. This paper presents a global routing technique for networks of wave-steered blocks. Latches can be distributed along interconnects. Their number depends on net topologies and signal ordering at the inputs of wave steered blocks. here, we route nets using Steiner tree heuristics and determine signal ordering and latch positions on interconnect. The problem of total latch number minimization is solved using SAT formulation. Experimental results on benchmark circuits show the efficiency of our technique. We achieve on average a 40% latch reduction at minimum latency over un-optimized circuits operating at 250 MHz in 0.25 μm CMOS technology

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FunabikiNobuo en-aut-sei=Funabiki en-aut-mei=Nobuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SinghAmit en-aut-sei=Singh en-aut-mei=Amit kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukherjeeArindam en-aut-sei=Mukherjee en-aut-mei=Arindam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SadowskaMalgorzata Marek en-aut-sei=Sadowska en-aut-mei=Malgorzata Marek kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=University of California affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=University of California affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=University of California en-keyword=binary decision diagrams kn-keyword=binary decision diagrams en-keyword=circuit layout CAD kn-keyword=circuit layout CAD en-keyword=flip-flops kn-keyword=flip-flops en-keyword=integrated circuit layout kn-keyword=integrated circuit layout en-keyword=network routing kn-keyword=network routing END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=1 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2005 dt-pub=200511 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Compact tree plus algorithms for application-level multicast communications in multihome networks en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Application-level multicast (ALM) communications replicate packets on host level to deliver them from a single source to multiple clients, so that it can efficiently realize a variety of network applications using moving pictures such as video conferences, distance learning, and video-on-demands. In this paper, we propose the CT+ (compact tree plus) algorithm for finding a better ALM routing tree in terms of delay minimization between hosts. CT+ consists of a tree construction stage from the existing CT algorithm, and a newly added iterative tree improvement stage. Then, we define the extended ALM routing problem and its heuristic algorithm ExCT+, to optimize the effectiveness of the multihome network in ALM communications by selecting multihomed hosts and connections in the ALM routing tree simultaneously. For their evaluations, we construct a network simulation model named MINET (multiple-ISP network simulator), where the topology is composed of multiple ISP backbone networks with IX connections, and the network traffic is generated by following the M/M/1 queuing process. The simulation results using MINET verify the effectiveness of our algorithms.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FunabikiNobuo en-aut-sei=Funabiki en-aut-mei=Nobuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IsogaiMegumi en-aut-sei=Isogai en-aut-mei=Megumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakanishiToru en-aut-sei=Nakanishi en-aut-mei=Toru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HigashinoTeruo en-aut-sei=Higashino en-aut-mei=Teruo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Osaka University, Osaka en-keyword=multicast communication kn-keyword=multicast communication en-keyword=queueing theory kn-keyword=queueing theory en-keyword=telecommunication network routing kn-keyword=telecommunication network routing END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=44 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=729 end-page=732 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=19956 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Automatic sensing device of electrical characteristics of living trees en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

The electrical impedance of a living tissue reflects its cell construction and physiological activity. For this purpose we developed an automatic sensing device of electrical tissue characteristics. The system is composed of a part measuring impedance at multifrequency points and a part analyzing parameters of dispersion of bioelectrical impedance, impedances are measured at eight frequency points of 1 kHz-500 kHz. The parameters for Cole-Cole arc's law are determined automatically by a personal computer program

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamamotoYoshitake en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Yoshitake kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HaradaHiroshi en-aut-sei=Harada en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasuharaKiyotaka en-aut-sei=Yasuhara en-aut-mei=Kiyotaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakamuraTakao en-aut-sei=Nakamura en-aut-mei=Takao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Takamatsu National College of Technology en-keyword=biological techniques kn-keyword=biological techniques en-keyword=cellular biophysics kn-keyword=cellular biophysics en-keyword=computerised instrumentation kn-keyword=computerised instrumentation en-keyword=electric impedance kn-keyword=electric impedance en-keyword=measurement kn-keyword=measurement en-keyword=electric sensing devices kn-keyword=electric sensing devices END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=47 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=119 end-page=132 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2005 dt-pub=200501 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Belyi Function whose Grothendieck Dessin is a Flower Tree with Two Ramification Indices en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

In this paper we present an explicit construction of Belyi functions whose dessins are flower trees (i.e., graphs of diameter 4) with two ramification indices. We also give a method for obtaining Belyi functions defined over the moduli fields of the dessins.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KomatsuToru en-aut-sei=Komatsu en-aut-mei=Toru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Tokyo Metropolitan University en-keyword=Belyi function kn-keyword=Belyi function en-keyword= Grothendieck dessin. kn-keyword= Grothendieck dessin. END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=1 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=165 end-page=170 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=19953 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Fuzzy fault diagnostic system based on fault tree analysis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

A method is presented for process fault diagnosis using information from fault tree analysis and uncertainty/imprecision of data. Fault tree analysis, which has been used as a method of system reliability/safety analysis, provides a procedure for identifying failures within a process. A fuzzy fault diagnostic system is constructed which uses the fuzzy fault tree analysis to represent a knowledge of the causal relationships in process operation and control system. The proposed method is applied successfully to a nitric acid cooler process plant

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YangZong Xiao en-aut-sei=Yang en-aut-mei=Zong Xiao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiKazuhiko en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Kazuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimadaYukiyasu en-aut-sei=Shimada en-aut-mei=Yukiyasu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SayamaHayatoshi en-aut-sei=Sayama en-aut-mei=Hayatoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=Fuzzy expert system kn-keyword=Fuzzy expert system en-keyword=Fault tree analysis kn-keyword=Fault tree analysis en-keyword=Fuzzy sets kn-keyword=Fuzzy sets en-keyword=Fault diagnosis kn-keyword=Fault diagnosis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=17 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=183 end-page=192 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1963 dt-pub=196308 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Identification of human blood by fibrin plate method, a supplemental study en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Following Fibrin Plate Method of SZOLLOSY and RENGEI² , and ASTRUP and MULLERTZ³, the author conducted a series of experiments in an attempt to identify human blood by detecting the proactivator believed to be one of the enzyme proteins contained abundantly in human blood. As the results it has been found that with 0.1 mg. % SK-solution human blood alone responds to the reaction, showing almost absolute species-specificity within 4 hours but not with blood of monkey. In addition, the sensitivity is so high that it responds positively up to the dilution of 1: 8,000 to 1: 10,000 (human blood: physiological saline solution). By means of this method using 0.1 mg% SK-solution it has been clearly demonstated that the identification of human blood is possible in a variety of conditions and states as may be encountered in practical legal medicine such as with blood stains in cloth, wood, stone, leaves of tree even with a trace of blood stain, old human blood stain left standing for 20 to 30 years, old blood mixed with iron rust, blood stains soaked in various oils, and even the blood stained cloth washed thoroughly and left standing in room temperature for 6 months. Therefore, this Fibrin Plate Method seems to be the excellent one for the identification of human blood.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MohriMasao en-aut-sei=Mohri en-aut-mei=Masao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=58 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=163 end-page=167 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=200406 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Biliary reconstruction with right hepatic lobectomy due to delayed management of laparoscopic bile duct injuries: a case report. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

We report a case requiring biliary reconstruction with right hepatic lobectomy due to biliary strictures caused by continuous cholangitis after laparoscopic bile duct injury. The patient, a 55-year-old woman, underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis at another hospital. Although a bile leakage from the intraabdominal drain was observed several days after the operation, the patient was not given adequate treatment to stop the leakage. Two months after the initial laparoscopic cholecystectomy, she was referred to our hospital. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed complete obstruction of the common hepatic duct, which was caused by clipping during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Cholangiography from percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) catheters revealed that sections of the secondary branches of the right intrahepatic bile duct had become constricted due to persistent cholangitis. Fortunately, the left hepatic duct was judged to be normal by imaging. Therefore, we elected to perform a right hepatic lobectomy and left hepaticojejunostomy, because we felt that performing a hepaticojejunostomy without hepatic resection would put the patient at risk of continuing to suffer from cholangitis. The patient was discharged on the 55 th postoperative day, and, 5 years after reconstructive surgery, is healthy and has remained free from biliary strictures in the remnant liver. Appropriate decision-making is essential in the treatment of biliary injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgeons should not hesitate to perform biliary reconstruction with hepatic resection to reduce the risk of cholangitis or biliary strictures of the remnant liver. More importantly, preoperative clear imaging of the biliary tree and suitable management of any biliary injury which might occur are necessary to avoid having to perform reconstructive surgery.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OtaTetsuya en-aut-sei=Ota en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiraiRyuji en-aut-sei=Hirai en-aut-mei=Ryuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsukudaKazunori en-aut-sei=Tsukuda en-aut-mei=Kazunori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MurakamiMasakazu en-aut-sei=Murakami en-aut-mei=Masakazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NaitouMinoru en-aut-sei=Naitou en-aut-mei=Minoru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimizuNobuyoshi en-aut-sei=Shimizu en-aut-mei=Nobuyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Red Cross Hospital affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=?biliary injury kn-keyword=?biliary injury en-keyword=laparoscopic cholecystectomy kn-keyword=laparoscopic cholecystectomy en-keyword=hepatic resection kn-keyword=hepatic resection END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=59 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=19 end-page=26 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2005 dt-pub=200502 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Determination of depression risk factors in children and adolescents by regression tree methodology. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

We used a regression tree method (RTM) to determine risks of depression in children/adolescents. The survey records of 4,143 children/adolescents in a study based in Mersin, Turkey served as data in this study, and multi-step, stratified, and cluster sampling were used. Effects of 24 variables (sex, smoking, parental problems, etc.) were evaluated on depression scores. The Child Beck Depression Inventory (CBDI) was used to determine the level of depression. Subjects were into 12 different groups based on magnitudes of mean depression scores. The interactions among 7 variables determined to be risk factors are shown on a schema. The STATISTICA (ver.6.0) package program was used for all computations. Although traditional statistical methods have often been used for analysis in this field, such approaches are associated with certain disadvantages such as missing values, ignorance of interaction effects, or restriction of the shape of the distribution. To avoid such disadvantages, we therefore suggest the use of the RTM in studies involving numerical-based outcome variables and for the investigation of a large number of variables and it may be more effective than traditional statistical methods in epidemiological studies which determine risk factors.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=CamdevirenHandan en-aut-sei=Camdeviren en-aut-mei=Handan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MendesMehmet en-aut-sei=Mendes en-aut-mei=Mehmet kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OzkanM. Muhip en-aut-sei=Ozkan en-aut-mei=M. Muhip kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TorosFevziye en-aut-sei=Toros en-aut-mei=Fevziye kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SasmazTayyar en-aut-sei=Sasmaz en-aut-mei=Tayyar kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=OnerSeva en-aut-sei=Oner en-aut-mei=Seva kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Mersin University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Ankara University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Mersin University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Mersin University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Mersin University en-keyword=children and adolescents kn-keyword=children and adolescents en-keyword=Beck depression inventory kn-keyword=Beck depression inventory en-keyword=classification and regression trees kn-keyword=classification and regression trees en-keyword=cross-yalidation kn-keyword=cross-yalidation en-keyword=diagnostic models kn-keyword=diagnostic models END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=42 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=335 end-page=342 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1988 dt-pub=198812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effect of heart rate and myocardial contractile force on coronary resistance. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

The effect of the heart rate and myocardial contractile force on the extravascular resistance to blood flow of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was evaluated in 15 mongrel dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. The LAD was maximally dilated by intracoronary infusion of adenosine, which precluded the influence of vasomotor tone. Increases in the heart rate and myocardial contractile force decreased coronary blood flow in the absence of a change in coronary perfusion pressure. The changes in mean coronary resistance showed a significant linear relationship to changes in developed tension. The changes in coronary resistance caused by varying the heart rate and contractile force were so small that a normal coronary vascular tree could easily compensate for the increase in resistance. However, it is supposed that with critical stenosis of the vascular tree even a small increase in resistance might cause deleterious effects on coronary blood flow.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SaitoDaiji en-aut-sei=Saito en-aut-mei=Daiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=UeedaMasayuki en-aut-sei=Ueeda en-aut-mei=Masayuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HinaKazuyoshi en-aut-sei=Hina en-aut-mei=Kazuyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeHirofumi en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Hirofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MimaTsutomu en-aut-sei=Mima en-aut-mei=Tsutomu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HasuiMasahiro en-aut-sei=Hasui en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadaNobuyuki en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Nobuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=HaraokaShoichi en-aut-sei=Haraoka en-aut-mei=Shoichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsujiTakao en-aut-sei=Tsuji en-aut-mei=Takao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=contractile force kn-keyword=contractile force en-keyword=tachycardia kn-keyword=tachycardia en-keyword=extravascular resistance kn-keyword=extravascular resistance en-keyword=coronary flow kn-keyword=coronary flow en-keyword=adenosine kn-keyword=adenosine END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=51 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=167 end-page=171 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1997 dt-pub=199706 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Cross-reactivity to olive tree pollen and orchard grass pollen in patients with pollinosis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

We studied 92 patients with allergic rhinitis in Syodoshima, Japan, during the pollen season between April and June to evaluate the cross-reactivity to different antigens, including pollen from the olive tree (Olea europaea) and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata). Olive tree pollen was present in the atmosphere for 23 days, from May 19 to June 12, 1994. Specific IgE antibodies for olive tree pollen antigen were present in 21 (26.9%) of the 78 patients with allergic rhinitis. Nine (24.3%) of the 37 patients with allergic rhinitis exhibited positive skin reactivity to an extract of olive tree pollen. Fifteen (88.2 %) of the 17 patients who had IgE reactivity in their sera to olive tree pollen antigen demonstrated allergic reactions to an extract of olive tree pollen. Specific IgE antibodies for orchard grass pollen antigen were present in 43 (48.3%) of the 89 patients with allergic rhinitis and 20 (95.2%) of the 21 patients who had IgE reactivity in their sera to olive tree pollen antigen. The inhibition test using the CAP System revealed that the reactivity of the IgE antibody specific for olive tree pollen antigen was inhibited dose-dependently by an extract of orchard grass pollen. These findings show that there is a reaction in some patients with grass (Gramineae) pollinosis that might be induced by olive tree pollen.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyaharaSatoko en-aut-sei=Miyahara en-aut-mei=Satoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakadaMichihiro en-aut-sei=Nakada en-aut-mei=Michihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishizakiKazunori en-aut-sei=Nishizaki en-aut-mei=Kazunori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawaraiYasuyuki en-aut-sei=Kawarai en-aut-mei=Yasuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishiokaKeiko en-aut-sei=Nishioka en-aut-mei=Keiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HinoHiroo en-aut-sei=Hino en-aut-mei=Hiroo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Tonosyou Central Hospital en-keyword=olive tree pollen kn-keyword=olive tree pollen en-keyword=pollinosis kn-keyword=pollinosis en-keyword=cross-reactivity kn-keyword=cross-reactivity en-keyword=grass pollen kn-keyword=grass pollen en-keyword=orchard grass kn-keyword=orchard grass END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=893 end-page=898 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=20047 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Visualization with hierarchically structured trees for an explanation reasoning system en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

This work is concerned with an application of drawing hierarchically structured trees. The tree drawing is applied to an explanation reasoning system. The reasoning is based on synthetic abduction (hypothesis) that gets a case from a rule and a result. In other words, the system searches a proper environment to get a desired result. In order that the system may be reliably related to the amount of rules which are used to get the answer, we visualize a process of reasoning to show how rules have concern with the process. Since the process of reasoning in the system makes a hierarchically structured tree, the visualization of reasoning is a drawing of a hierarchically structured tree. We propose a method of visualization that is applicable to the explanation reasoning system.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SasakuraMariko en-aut-sei=Sasakura en-aut-mei=Mariko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamasakiSusumu en-aut-sei=Yamasaki en-aut-mei=Susumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=data visualisation kn-keyword=data visualisation en-keyword=explanation kn-keyword=explanation en-keyword=inference mechanisms kn-keyword=inference mechanisms en-keyword=knowledge based systems kn-keyword=knowledge based systems en-keyword= trees (mathematics) kn-keyword= trees (mathematics) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=20 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=11 end-page=16 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1998 dt-pub=199808 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Analysis of the Rains Falling in the Mountain-side of the Chugoku District kn-title=中国山地に降る酸性雨の分析 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=More than 30 years ago, the pine trees in the mountain-side of the Chugoku district in Japan, started to die. Since then, a lot of pine trees have continued to die, and the damage area was spreading out even now. It is considered that one of the reason on the death of the pine trees might be "the acid rain" falling in the district. The rains and the underground water at Daikinya, Kuse-cho, Maniwa-gun, Okayama Pref. in the district were analyzed chemically by Funatsu in 1995-1997; the conductivity, the density of nitric ion (N0(3)(-)) and sulfuric ion (SO(4)(2-)), and the acidity (pH) in the rains were thus observed. In the present paper the results of the analysis on the rains have been reported. (1) The conductivity varied 4.2-197.0 μs/cm, and the average was 39.0. (2) The density of nitric ion (NO(3)(-)) varied 1.6-84.2 ppm, and the average was 22.4. (3) The acidity (pH) varied 3.7-7.5, and the average was 4.9. The acid rains falling continuously in this district in the past two years were confirmed. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TaraMasanobu en-aut-sei=Tara en-aut-mei=Masanobu kn-aut-name=田羅征伸 kn-aut-sei=田羅 kn-aut-mei=征伸 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=FunatsuYoritoshi en-aut-sei=Funatsu en-aut-mei=Yoritoshi kn-aut-name=船津頼俊 kn-aut-sei=船津 kn-aut-mei=頼俊 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学教育学部 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=58 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=22 end-page=30 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1987 dt-pub=198708 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Clinical effects of serial artificial CO(2) baths on degenerative disorders in consideration of the improved tissue perfusion. kn-title=人工炭酸泉連浴による微小循環改善の退行性病変に対する効果 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=Tissue perfusion plays an important role in prognosis of the deteriorating connective tissue disorders. Tissue perfusion was evaluated before and after CO(2) treatment on the patients with connective tissue disorders by means of medical mass spectrometer. CO(2) treatment was performed in 2 ways ; one was with CO(2)-cabine, 20 litres per minute at 40℃ for 20 minutes, and the other was with an artificial CO(2) bathing prepared with 2 tablets of BUB-KAO, a 50 g sodium hydrogencarbonate and succinic acid tablet, in 280-litre-tub at 40℃ for 20 minutes. Case 1, 33-year-old female, suffering from chronic rheumatic arthritis with rheumatic thromboangiitis obliterans in the left 5th toe. Main arterial trees were found intact arteriographically. Her joint pain and muscle stiffness have been improved markedly after CO(2) treatment with cabin every day for one month though every medicine for rheumatism made little effect. Case 2, 46-year-old female, suffered from progressive systemic scleroderma. Major blood supply was found not blocked in upper extremities arteriographically. Tissue perfusion was found poor in muscle tissue of each forearm before CO(2) treatment with cabin, whereas an improved tissue perfusion was confirmed after one month of serial CO(2) treatment, leading to ameliorate persistent muscle stiffness, though every medicine for her made slow effect. Case 3, 48-year-old female, suffering from the weakness in strength with no positive laboratory findings of connective tissue disorders. Tissue perfusion has been found quite improved following serial artificial CO(2) bathings for 12 months, being able to work hard every day as a nurse. Serial CO(2) bathing is thought to be very useful in ameliorating the symptoms of deteriorating connective disorders by virtue of an improved tissue perfusion. kn-abstract=組織循環の良不良は，結合織の退行性病変の予後に大いに影響をおよぼすものである。人工炭酸泉を用いた実験的検討で，すでに組織循環の30　％　増加を認めており，臨床的治験により好傾向を示す結果を得つつある。結合織病変を主とする慢性疾患4症例の治験前後に局所組織流量を測定して評価することができた。局所組織流量は医用質量分析装置を介したオンラインシステムで測定計算した。人工炭酸浴は，炭酸ガスキャビン，および人工炭酸浴剤浴を用いた。人工炭酸泉浴は，1カ月より1年におよび，それぞれ自覚症状の著名な改善と，組織流量の増加を定量しえた。人工炭酸泉の連浴による組織流量の改善は、結合織の退行性病変に有効に作用するものである。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KomotoYoshiaki en-aut-sei=Komoto en-aut-mei=Yoshiaki kn-aut-name=古元嘉昭 kn-aut-sei=古元 kn-aut-mei=嘉昭 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KohmotoTomoji en-aut-sei=Kohmoto en-aut-mei=Tomoji kn-aut-name=河本知二 kn-aut-sei=河本 kn-aut-mei=知二 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SunakawaMitsuru en-aut-sei=Sunakawa en-aut-mei=Mitsuru kn-aut-name=砂川満 kn-aut-sei=砂川 kn-aut-mei=満 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YagiNobuko en-aut-sei=Yagi en-aut-mei=Nobuko kn-aut-name=矢木信子 kn-aut-sei=矢木 kn-aut-mei=信子 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YorozuHidenori en-aut-sei=Yorozu en-aut-mei=Hidenori kn-aut-name=萬秀憲 kn-aut-sei=萬 kn-aut-mei=秀憲 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumotoYasunobu en-aut-sei=Matsumoto en-aut-mei=Yasunobu kn-aut-name=松本泰伸 kn-aut-sei=松本 kn-aut-mei=泰伸 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属環境病態研究施設 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属環境病態研究施設 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属環境病態研究施設 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属環境病態研究施設 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=花王株式会社栃木研究所 affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=花王株式会社栃木研究所 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=296 end-page=301 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Automatic Construction of Accurate Image Processing using AdaBoost en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Image processing and recognition technologies are required to solve various problems. We have already proposed the system which automatically constructs image processing with Genetic Programming (GP), Automatic Construction of Tree-structural Image Transformation (ACTIT). However, it is difficult to construct an accurate image processing for all training image sets if they have various characteristics. In this paper, we propose ACTIT-Boost which automatically constructs an accurate image processing by employing Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) to ACTIT. It learns training image sets and their areas which are difficultly approximated to target images in particular. We show experimentally that ACTIT-Boost is more effective in comparison with ordinary ACTIT. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=AndoJun kn-aut-sei=Ando kn-aut-mei=Jun aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NagaoTomoharu kn-aut-sei=Nagao kn-aut-mei=Tomoharu aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Yokohama National University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Yokohama National University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=208 end-page=212 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Extension of Decision Tree Algorithm for Stream Data Mining Using Real Data en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Recently, because of increasing amount of data in the society, data stream mining targeting large scale data has attracted attention. The data mining is a technology of discovery new knowledge and patterns from the massive amounts of data, and what the data correspond to data stream is data stream mining. In this paper, we propose the feature selection with online decision tree. At first, we construct online type decision tree to regard credit card transaction data as data stream on data stream mining. At second, we select attributes thought to be important for detection of illegal use. We apply VFDT (Very Fast Decision Tree learner) algorithm to online type decision tree construction. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MinegishiTatsuya kn-aut-sei=Minegishi kn-aut-mei=Tatsuya aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IseMasayuki kn-aut-sei=Ise kn-aut-mei=Masayuki aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NiimiAyahiko kn-aut-sei=Niimi kn-aut-mei=Ayahiko aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KonishiOsamu kn-aut-sei=Konishi kn-aut-mei=Osamu aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Future University-Hakodate affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Future University Hakodate affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Future University Hakodate affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Future University-Hakodate END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=186 end-page=191 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Applying Cluster Ensemble to Adaptive Tree Structured Clustering en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Adaptive tree structured clustering (ATSC) is our proposed divisive hierarchical clustering method that recursively divides a data set into 2 subsets using self-organizing feature map (SOM). In each partition, the data set is quantized by SOM and the quantized data is divided using agglomerative hierarchical clustering. ATSC can divide data sets regardless of data size in feasible time. On the other hand clustering result stability of ATSC is equally unstable as other divisive hierarchical clustering and partitioned clustering methods. In this paper, we apply cluster ensemble for each data partition of ATSC in order to improve stability. Cluster ensemble is a framework for improving partitioned clustering stability. As a result of applying cluster ensemble, ATSC yields unique clustering results that could not be yielded by previous hierarchical clustering methods. This is because a different class distances function is used in each division in ATSC. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=YamaguchiTakashi kn-aut-sei=Yamaguchi kn-aut-mei=Takashi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NoguchiYuki kn-aut-sei=Noguchi kn-aut-mei=Yuki aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IchimuraTakumi kn-aut-sei=Ichimura kn-aut-mei=Takumi aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MackinKenneth J. kn-aut-sei=Mackin kn-aut-mei=Kenneth J. aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Tokyo University of Information Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Tokyo University of Information Sciences affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Tokyo University of Information Sciences END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=94 end-page=98 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=PLS-based approach for Kansei analysis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A residential garden contributes to mental health in modern life. Gardening is a common recreational activity. From the view of the Kansei engineering, designing the garden is a quite difficult subject. Since garden components such as stones and trees are widely diversified, then number of possible design elements becomes quite large. Meanwhile, evaluation samples that can be used for Kansei Evaluation are limited. Relations between Kansei word evaluation and design elements had been analyzed with Quantification Theory type I, which is a variation of a multiple regression model. Since QT1 is based on the least square method, number of evaluation samples should be larger than the number of design elements. Thus, QT1 is not applicable in this case. Recently, PLS (Partial Least Squares) is becoming popular in the field of Chemometrics, which deal with extremely large number and interacted predictor variables. In this study, we utilized PLS for analyzing Kansei evaluation on residential gardens and their 89 design elements. Analyzing results of PLS and QT1 are compared. QT1 analyses were done on 5-fold design elements. Even when incorporating 89 variables, PLS's multiple correlation coefficient was much higher than QT1. Analyzing result was made into hand-made virtual reality Kansei engineering system. The system contains two projectors and a PC. 3D models of parts such as trees and stones are dynamically chosen and allocated in the scene. The system was based on originally developed 3D computation and rendering library on Java. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MatsubaraTatsuro kn-aut-sei=Matsubara kn-aut-mei=Tatsuro aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MatsubaraYukihiro kn-aut-sei=Matsubara kn-aut-mei=Yukihiro aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IshiharaShigekazu kn-aut-sei=Ishihara kn-aut-mei=Shigekazu aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NagamachiMitsuo kn-aut-sei=Nagamachi kn-aut-mei=Mitsuo aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima International University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima International University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=82 cd-vols= no-issue=9-10 article-no= start-page=411 end-page=416 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1970 dt-pub=19701030 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Mass Examination for Finding out Diabetics and Their Family Trees Part 3. The Disease Type and the Prognostic of Discovered Diabetics kn-title=糖尿病の集団検診と発見患者の家系調査 第3報 発見された糖尿病患者の病型と予後 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Examining for five years, mainly the change of patterns of cases who revealed positiveness on sugar, and considering the standard level by which persons are decided as diabetics, the following points were obtained as the result. 1. It is considered that adopting as the judgement level on diabetes the value more than 120 ml/dl in blood taken 2 hours after the loading is most proper for the diagnosis and adopting the value more than 100 mg/dl at hunger brings often too much high detecting rate for diabetics. 2. The classified diabetes are type Ⅲ, Ⅴ, Ⅰ and Ⅳ in the descending order of numerousness and other types were not discovered almost utterly. 3. Looking on ages, diabetics who are more than 50 ages have often the constant type diabetes being settled to type Ⅰ. 4. Type Ⅰ diabetes among the constant types diabetes can be supposed of being improved by investigating the increase and decrease to and from type Ⅰ. And the tendency of improvement was noticed in the mass of cases examined. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkumaYoshifumi en-aut-sei=Okuma en-aut-mei=Yoshifumi kn-aut-name=大隈義文 kn-aut-sei=大隈 kn-aut-mei=義文 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部公衆衛生学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=82 cd-vols= no-issue=9-10 article-no= start-page=405 end-page=410 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1970 dt-pub=19701030 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Mass Examination for Finding out Diabetics and Their Family Trees Part 2. Finding out Diabetics Basing on Their Family Trees Examination and Investigating Heredities on Them kn-title=糖尿病の集団検診と発見患者の家系調査 第2報 家系調査に依る糖尿病の発見と遺伝について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=1. 124 cases were found out from 8047 persons who received the mass examination and the discovering rate was 1.5 per cent. 2. 140 cases were checked to be diabetics from 645 persons by their family trees examination with the discovering rate of 23 per cent. 3. Diabetics were found with the discovering rate of 25.6 per cent among persons whose mothers or fathers suffered from diabetes and with 21.13 per cent among persons whose parents had no diabetes. And the former per cent was higher a little than the latter. 4. The rate of having diabetes in their young age was higher among persons in so-called diabetes family trees than in the normal trees, and the death of some persons by the above diabetes of early age was noticed. 5. There were found 9 family trees which had cases more than 3 respectively and 4 family trees which had cases more than 4 being pointed out to be the deep and thick diabetes family trees. 6. It is very necessary to conduct the family trees investigation on the occasion of mass clinical examination. Its reason is as follows: We can find out new cases, especially the early age cases under 30 ages, and that, serious cases among rather small number of persons, and the persons, involving diabetics and non-diabetics, in the diabetes family trees should take care of their own meals from point of the so-called preventing medicine. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkumaYoshifumi en-aut-sei=Okuma en-aut-mei=Yoshifumi kn-aut-name=大隈義文 kn-aut-sei=大隈 kn-aut-mei=義文 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部公衆衛生学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=82 cd-vols= no-issue=9-10 article-no= start-page=401 end-page=404 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1970 dt-pub=19701030 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Mass Examination for Finding out Diabetics and Their Family Trees Part 1. Enzymological Quantitative Method on the Urinary Sugar, Especially the Comparison between Glucostat and Tes-Tape Method kn-title=糖尿病の集団検診と発見患者の家系調査 第1報 尿糖の酵素学的定量試験法について，特にGlucostatとTes-Tape法との比較 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Comparing the quantitative value by glucostat method with that by tes-tape method on the occasion of mass examination for diabetics, the following results were obtained. 1. Both values obtained respectively by glucostat and tes-tape correspond rather well, and so it is considered that tes-tape is available for detecting sucrose material on the mass examination. 2. The upper ground value of the group of normal persons is 0.077mg/ml and the value of the person whose urine is quasipositive to sugar is about 0.121±0.12, and so we must consider over the persons of quasipositive reaction under the condition of that they are not normal. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkumaYoshifumi en-aut-sei=Okuma en-aut-mei=Yoshifumi kn-aut-name=大隈義文 kn-aut-sei=大隈 kn-aut-mei=義文 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部公衆衛生学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=87 cd-vols= no-issue=9-10 article-no= start-page=937 end-page=941 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1975 dt-pub=19751030 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Pollen Survey and Pollen-Asthma in Okayama kn-title=岡山地方の空中花粉調査並びに花粉喘息に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A pollen survey was conducted in Okayama for the 1972 calendar year. The results were similar to those of other districts of Japan. There were three pollen seasons: the tree, the grass and the weed season. Thirteen kinds of pollens were found in the Okayama area. In clinical studies positive skin reactions of asthma out patients were found in 29% of out patients for ragweed and 7% of out patients for Japanese cedar. Tow cases of pollen- asthma were confirmed allergologica in our clinic. One case of asthma was caused by ragweed, and the other case was due to Japanese cedar. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KimuraIkuro en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Ikuro kn-aut-name=木村郁郎 kn-aut-sei=木村 kn-aut-mei=郁郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=91 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=425 end-page=436 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1979 dt-pub=19790430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=A case of fulminant hepatitis with electrocardiographic changes simulating acute myocardial infarction kn-title=経過中に心筋硬塞様心電図(Q波, ST上昇)を示した劇症肝炎の1例 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Serial elctrocardiograms of a 55 year old female showed a trasiently elevated ST-T wave and decreased R waves in right precordial leads suggesting anterior wall infraction during the course of fulminant hepatitis. Autopsy findings revealed marked cerebral edema, massive necrosis of the liver with lymphocytic infiltration, partial myocardial degeneration and necrosis with infiltration by lymphocytes and plasma cells. However, no significant lesions were found in the coronary arterial trees. These findings suggest that the electrocardiographic changes were due to catecholamine cardiomyopathy or viral myocarditis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YoshidaHidenori en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Hidenori kn-aut-name=吉田英紀 kn-aut-sei=吉田 kn-aut-mei=英紀 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KusuharaShunichi en-aut-sei=Kusuhara en-aut-mei=Shunichi kn-aut-name=楠原俊一 kn-aut-sei=楠原 kn-aut-mei=俊一 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshiokaNobuhiko en-aut-sei=Yoshioka en-aut-mei=Nobuhiko kn-aut-name=吉岡信彦 kn-aut-sei=吉岡 kn-aut-mei=信彦 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KusachiShowzo en-aut-sei=Kusachi en-aut-mei=Showzo kn-aut-name=草地省藏 kn-aut-sei=草地 kn-aut-mei=省藏 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SogoTaiji en-aut-sei=Sogo en-aut-mei=Taiji kn-aut-name=十河泰司 kn-aut-sei=十河 kn-aut-mei=泰司 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadaNobuyuki en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Nobuyuki kn-aut-name=山田信行 kn-aut-sei=山田 kn-aut-mei=信行 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishiyamaOsamu en-aut-sei=Nishiyama en-aut-mei=Osamu kn-aut-name=西山修 kn-aut-sei=西山 kn-aut-mei=修 aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasuharaKoichiro en-aut-sei=Yasuhara en-aut-mei=Koichiro kn-aut-name=安原耕一郎 kn-aut-sei=安原 kn-aut-mei=耕一郎 aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=UedaMinoru en-aut-sei=Ueda en-aut-mei=Minoru kn-aut-name=上田稔 kn-aut-sei=上田 kn-aut-mei=稔 aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=SaitoDaiji en-aut-sei=Saito en-aut-mei=Daiji kn-aut-name=斉藤大治 kn-aut-sei=斉藤 kn-aut-mei=大治 aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaeRitsuo en-aut-sei=Mae en-aut-mei=Ritsuo kn-aut-name=前律夫 kn-aut-sei=前 kn-aut-mei=律夫 aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimadaYoshihiro en-aut-sei=Shimada en-aut-mei=Yoshihiro kn-aut-name=島田宜浩 kn-aut-sei=島田 kn-aut-mei=宜浩 aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuuraHidemitsu en-aut-sei=Matsuura en-aut-mei=Hidemitsu kn-aut-name=松浦秀光 kn-aut-sei=松浦 kn-aut-mei=秀光 aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=OmoriHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Omori en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name=大森浩之 kn-aut-sei=大森 kn-aut-mei=浩之 aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimotoKatsuhiko en-aut-sei=Kimoto en-aut-mei=Katsuhiko kn-aut-name=木本克彦 kn-aut-sei=木本 kn-aut-mei=克彦 aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShigeiHiroshi en-aut-sei=Shigei en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name=重井博 kn-aut-sei=重井 kn-aut-mei=博 aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= en-aut-name=HaraokaShoichi en-aut-sei=Haraoka en-aut-mei=Shoichi kn-aut-name=原岡昭一 kn-aut-sei=原岡 kn-aut-mei=昭一 aut-affil-num=17 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科 affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科 affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科 affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科 affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科 affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科 affil-num=11 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科 affil-num=12 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科 affil-num=13 en-affil= kn-affil=重井病院内科 affil-num=14 en-affil= kn-affil=重井病院内科 affil-num=15 en-affil= kn-affil=重井病院内科 affil-num=16 en-affil= kn-affil=重井病院内科 affil-num=17 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部付属病院中央検査部 en-keyword=fulminant hepatitis kn-keyword=fulminant hepatitis en-keyword=viral myocarditis kn-keyword=viral myocarditis en-keyword=catecholamine cardiomyopathy kn-keyword=catecholamine cardiomyopathy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=27 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=33 end-page=44 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1992 dt-pub=19921125 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Process Fault Diagnosis using Neural Networks and Fault Tree Analysis Information en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Neural nets have recently become the focus of much attention, largely because of their wide range of complex and nonlinear problems. This paper presents a new integrated approach using neural networks for diagnosing process failures. The fault propagation in process is modeled by causal relationships from the fault tree and its minimal cut sets. The measurement patterns required for training and testing the neural network were obtained from fault propagation model. The network is able to diagnose even in the presence of malfunction of certain sensors. We demonstrate via a nitric acid cooler process how the neural network can learn and successfully diagnose the faults. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ShimadaYukiyasu en-aut-sei=Shimada en-aut-mei=Yukiyasu kn-aut-name=島田行恭 kn-aut-sei=島田 kn-aut-mei=行恭 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiKazuhiko en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Kazuhiko kn-aut-name=鈴木和彦 kn-aut-sei=鈴木 kn-aut-mei=和彦 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SayamaHayatoshi en-aut-sei=Sayama en-aut-mei=Hayatoshi kn-aut-name=佐山隼敏 kn-aut-sei=佐山 kn-aut-mei=隼敏 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Mechanical Engineering affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Mechanical Engineering affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Mechanical Engineering END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=159 end-page=164 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20081211 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=An approximate solution method based on tabu search for k-minimum spanning tree problems en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper considers k-minimum spanning tree problems. An existing solution algorithm based on tabu search, which was proposed by Katagiri et al., includes an iterative solving procedure of minimum spanning tree (MST) problems for subgraphs to obtain a local optimal solution of k-minimum spanning tree problems. This article provides a new tabu-searchbased approximate solution method that does not iteratively solve minimum spanning tree problems. Results of numerical experiments show that the proposed method provides a good performance in terms of accuracy over those of existing methods for relatively high cardinality k. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IshimatsuJun kn-aut-sei=Ishimatsu kn-aut-mei=Jun aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KatagiriHideki kn-aut-sei=Katagiri kn-aut-mei=Hideki aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NishizakiIchiro kn-aut-sei=Nishizaki kn-aut-mei=Ichiro aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HayashidaTomohiro kn-aut-sei=Hayashida kn-aut-mei=Tomohiro aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=139 end-page=144 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20081211 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Analysis using Adaptive Tree Structured Clustering Method for Medical Data of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=It is known that the classification of medical data is difficult problem because the medical data has ambiguous information or missing data. As a result, the classification method that can handle ambiguous information or missing data is necessity. In this paper we proposed an adaptive tree structure clustering method in order to clarify clustering result of selforganizing feature maps. For the evaluating effectiveness of proposed clustering method for the data set with ambiguous information, we applied an adaptive tree structured clustering method for classification of coronary heart disease database. Through the computer simulation we showed that the proposed clustering method was effective for the ambiguous data set. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=YamaguchiTakashi kn-aut-sei=Yamaguchi kn-aut-mei=Takashi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IchimuraTakumi kn-aut-sei=Ichimura kn-aut-mei=Takumi aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KennethJ. Mackin kn-aut-sei=Kenneth kn-aut-mei=J. Mackin aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Tokyo University of Information Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Tokyo University of Information Sciences END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=121 end-page=126 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Usability of Site Map in Web Design – Design of Site Map that is Friendly to Older Adults- en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The information or data for Web page design that is useful, in particular, to older adults was provided in this study. The proper design of site map is necessary to enhance the usability and reduce the number of getting lost in Web navigation especially for older adults. However, no design guideline on what site map is proper exists. The usability of six types of site maps was compared as a function of age. The six types of site maps included (1) vertical tree type, (2) horizontal tree type (A), (3) horizontal tree type (B), (4) table type, (5) radial type, and (6) itemized type. The usability was evaluated using search time, subjective rating of usability, and eye movement characteristics (fixation duration and fixation number). The age affected the evaluation measures. The horizontal type (B) was found to lead to faster search time and fewer fixation numbers. Moreover, this type of site map was found to make the difference of search time, fixation number, and fixation duration between young and older adults smaller. The result indicated that the vertical arrangement of site map, especially horizontal type (B) was proper for both young and older adults, and this should be incorporated into the Web page design guidelines. The results can be utilized as a universal design guideline for providing a site map that is friendly to both young and older adults. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriwakaMakoto en-aut-sei=Moriwaka en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=森若誠 kn-aut-sei=森若 kn-aut-mei=誠 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=105 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=13 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1993 dt-pub=19930227 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the pathogenesis of PIE syndrome Part 1. Evaluation of cellular responses in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with PIE syndrome kn-title=PIE症候群の病態に関する研究　第1編 PIE症候群の肺局所細胞反応の検討 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of patients with PIE syndrome characterized by pulmonary eosinophilia was examined to determined the cellular response in the lungs. Evaluation of cellular components in the BAL fluid revealed an increased proportion not only of eosinophils but also of lymphocytes and neutrophils. In about half of the patients with PIE syndrome the level of eosinophilia was higher in the peripheral blood than in the BAL fluid. Patients with PIE syndrome were classified into prolonged PIE and PIE with asthma based on Crofton's classification. The percentage of neutorphils and eosinophils in BAL fluid were higher in patients with prolonged PIE than in PIE with asthma while the percentage of lymphocytes was higher in a group of PIE with asthma. On the other hand, the lymphocyte precentage in BAL fluid was higher in patients with PIE syndrome due to fungus antigen than in those with PIE syndrome due to drug allergy. These findings suggest that various cellular components play important roles in the pathogenesis of PIE syndrome and that the accumulation of the effector cells in the lungs is regulated by an allergic mechamism. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatoKyo en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Kyo kn-aut-name=佐藤恭 kn-aut-sei=佐藤 kn-aut-mei=恭 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二内科学教室 en-keyword=bronchoalveolar lavage kn-keyword=bronchoalveolar lavage en-keyword=PIE syndrome kn-keyword=PIE syndrome en-keyword=eosinophil kn-keyword=eosinophil en-keyword=lymphocyte kn-keyword=lymphocyte en-keyword=neutrophil kn-keyword=neutrophil END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=106 cd-vols= no-issue=7-8 article-no= start-page=883 end-page=892 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1994 dt-pub=199408 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Xanthoma cells in sputa of patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases kn-title=慢性閉塞性肺疾患における喀痰中 Xanthoma cell に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Alveolar macrophages attack various foreign bodies inspired through the airway and destroy cell debris. Furthermore, a part of the surfactant produced by alveolar epithelium would be phagocytized by alveolar macrophages forming foamy cells in lung tissue. These formy cells could be detected by oil red O staining as xanthoma cells in sputa of patients with airway diseases. Therefore, xanthoma cells in sputa of patients with DPB, chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma were evaluated to clarify the role in the pathogenesis of these respiratory diseases. All patients with DBP expectorated enormous amounts of xanthoma cells in sputa while 88% of the patients with chronic bronchitis and 41% of those with bronchial asthma had sputa containing xanthoma cells in a smaller number than DBP. Increased xanthoma cells were shown in DPB with longer disease duration, lower vital capacity, lower atrerial blood oxygen pressure, and pseudomonas infection. However, extreme obstruction of small airway diminished xanthoma cells in sputa. Xanthoma cells were shown in bronchial asthma especially in late onset and intractable asthmatics. These findings indicate that xanthoma cells in sputa reflect the existence of organic changes in the small airway which disturb the drainage of surfactant from alveolar area to bronchial trees. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawauchiKazuhisa en-aut-sei=Kawauchi en-aut-mei=Kazuhisa kn-aut-name=河内和久 kn-aut-sei=河内 kn-aut-mei=和久 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二内科学教室 en-keyword=びまん性汎細気管支炎 kn-keyword=びまん性汎細気管支炎 en-keyword=気管支喘息 kn-keyword=気管支喘息 en-keyword=喀痰 kn-keyword=喀痰 en-keyword=oil red O 染色 kn-keyword=oil red O 染色 en-keyword=xanthoma cell kn-keyword=xanthoma cell END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=119 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=247 end-page=251 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20080104 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Impaired coronary capillary hemodynamics with decreased glycocalyx thickness and irregular inner wall remodeling in right ventricle of pulmonary hypertensive rats kn-title=肺高血圧ラット右室冠毛細管における内皮グリコカリックスの減少を伴う内壁リモデリングとヘモダイナミクスの変化 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We hypothesized that coronary capillary function is impaired with a decreased glycocalyx layer and uneven inner wall remodeling in right ventricles that are hypertrophied due to pulmonary hypertension (PH). Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups (PH: n=25, control: n=27). In the PH group, Monocrotaline (60 mg/kg SC) was administrated at 5 weeks. Coronary capillary hemodynamics was visualized in vivo at 8 weeks of age using our high-resolution intravital videomicrosopy, and RBC velocities in RV capillaries were evaluated, along with capillary diameters. Configuration of the capillary cast was assessed by a confocal laser scanning microscope. The thickness of the glycocalyx on the capillary endothelial surface was evaluated with Alcian blue 8GX by electron microscopy. RV systolic pressure increased in PH (by 142%, p<0.01). The diameters of capillaries were uneven in PH (coefficient of variation of diameters along capillary trees; 24±8% vs. 11±3%, p<0.05). The thickness of the glycocalyx in PH was less than half that of control (0.20±0.05 vs. 0.45±0.14 μm, p<0.05). RBC velocity was decreased in PH (820±110 vs. 1,100±230 μm/sec, p<0.05). The capillary flow reduction in PH may be closely related to the changes in the glycocalyx and vessel irregularity, resulting in insufficient oxygen supply to the heart. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KajiyaMasahito en-aut-sei=Kajiya en-aut-mei=Masahito kn-aut-name=梶谷昌史 kn-aut-sei=梶谷 kn-aut-mei=昌史 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科 循環器内科学 en-keyword=モノクロタリン (monocrotaline) kn-keyword=モノクロタリン (monocrotaline) en-keyword=肺高血圧 (pulmonary hypertension) kn-keyword=肺高血圧 (pulmonary hypertension) en-keyword=冠毛細管 (coronary capillary) kn-keyword=冠毛細管 (coronary capillary) en-keyword=グリコカリックス (glycocalyx) kn-keyword=グリコカリックス (glycocalyx) en-keyword=リモデリング (remodeling) kn-keyword=リモデリング (remodeling) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=13 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=35 end-page=42 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200803 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Survey Study of Resident Awareness on Waste Final Disposal Site kn-title=最終処分場に関する住民の意識調査 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=As construction of final waste disposal site is essential recently, a problem where we should build it becomes important issue. However, public opposition occurs for the construction because the final waste disposal site has negative image such as pollution of various kinds, increase of traffic volume and noise by truck and bulldozer, and aggravation of living conditions. Public opposition is the most critical problem in constructing final waste disposal site. The source of public opposition has been characterized as NIMBY or not-in-my-yard. This paper presents a survey of the resident awareness on final waste disposal site, and attempts to find factors which affect the public opposition using logistic regression analysis and CART(classification and regression tree). en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NaMyungjin en-aut-sei=Na en-aut-mei=Myungjin kn-aut-name=羅明振 kn-aut-sei=羅 kn-aut-mei=明振 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OnoYusaku en-aut-sei=Ono en-aut-mei=Yusaku kn-aut-name=小野雄策 kn-aut-sei=小野 kn-aut-mei=雄策 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OnoYoshiro en-aut-sei=Ono en-aut-mei=Yoshiro kn-aut-name=小野芳朗 kn-aut-sei=小野 kn-aut-mei=芳朗 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuriharaKoji en-aut-sei=Kurihara en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name=栗原考次 kn-aut-sei=栗原 kn-aut-mei=考次 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=埼玉県環境科学国際センター affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=final waste disposal site kn-keyword=final waste disposal site en-keyword=resident awareness kn-keyword=resident awareness en-keyword=public opposition kn-keyword=public opposition en-keyword=logistic regression analysis kn-keyword=logistic regression analysis en-keyword=CART(classification and regression tree) kn-keyword=CART(classification and regression tree) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=5 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=169 end-page=181 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1998 dt-pub=1998 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Vertical Structure of Temperatures of Tree's Leaves and Gate Wall at Rashomon Doline kn-title=羅生門ドリーネにおける樹木の葉温と壁面温度の鉛直構造について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=1996年夏季に羅生門の第一中間ドリーネ内の樹木の葉や壁面の温度の高度分布や経時変化の観測を行った。以下に得られた結果の主なものを列挙する。ドリーネ内の樹木の葉温は、水平方向に対しては、ほぼ一様な温度成層を示していた。樹木の葉温は、下層部で日変化巾が小さく、上層部で日変化巾が大きくなっていた。樹木の葉温は、高度が高くなるほど、高温を示す鉛直構造をもっていた。特に葉温の鉛直分布は、正午ごろに、高度差約9ｍの範囲で、温度差約12℃という非常に大きな正の鉛直勾配を示した。樹木の葉温が日最高温度を示す時間は、高度が高いほど早く、高度が下がるに従って遅くなっていた。羅生門の壁面温度は、樹木の葉温の鉛直構造と同じように、高度が高くなればなるほど、高温になっていた。また壁面の温度変動は、葉温の変動に比べて小さい。熱画像中に、周辺の温度と異なるホットスポットが見られた。これは、ドリーネ上部から流れ下りてきた暖かい水が地表面を濡らしている部分であり、ほぼ同じ場所の水のない部分の地表面温度と比べて約6℃も高くなっていた。高度方向に気温や地温に大きい温度勾配がある羅生門ドリーネにおいては、大雨などの場合に、上部から水が流れ下りてきた場合に、地表面温度を上げ、下層の気温を上昇させる可能性があることが指摘された。羅生門ドリーネにおいて、夏季に特異な葉温や壁面温度構造を形成しており、貴重な植物や動物が数多く生息できる温度環境にあることが、熱映像温度計を用いて確認できた。 kn-abstract=Temperatures of tree's leaves and gate wall were measured in the summer of 1996 at doline. Diurnal fluctuations of leaf temperatures were greater, the higher the position of leaf in the doline, and they showed maximum temperatures later, the deeper the leaf position. The leaf temperature of trees growing in the first collapse doline was uniform in the horizontal direction and had a stable thermal layer. The difference between leaf temperatures at a depth of 20 m and 11 m was about 12℃ around noon. The leaf temperature was always higher at the upper part than at the lower part of the doline throughout the day. Daily fluctuation of wall temperature was small,compared with that of leaf temperature. The vertical profile of wall temperature was similar to that of leaf temperature. The warm water flowing down from the upper part of the doline influenced the soil temperature in the lower part of the doline. The thermal imagery elucidated the peculiar vertical structure of leaf and wall temperature formed in the summer at Rashomon doline. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyashitaKoichi en-aut-sei=Miyashita en-aut-mei=Koichi kn-aut-name=宮下晃一 kn-aut-sei=宮下 kn-aut-mei=晃一 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaitaniToshihiko en-aut-sei=Maitani en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name=米谷俊彦 kn-aut-sei=米谷 kn-aut-mei=俊彦 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Rashomon kn-keyword=Rashomon en-keyword=Doline kn-keyword=Doline en-keyword=Leaf temperature kn-keyword=Leaf temperature en-keyword=Wall temperature kn-keyword=Wall temperature en-keyword=Thermal image kn-keyword=Thermal image END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=85 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=31 end-page=37 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1996 dt-pub=19960201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Forcing Culture of Limonium sinuatum Mil. Using Cutting Plants kn-title=スターチス・シヌアータの挿し芽苗による促成栽培 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=スターチス・シヌアータ(Limonium sinuatum Mill.)は、耐寒性の強い宿根草であるが、日本では栽培上秋まき一年生草として扱われている。スターチス・シヌアータは春化型の植物であり、一定期間の定温に遭遇した後、花茎を抽台として開花する6,8)。その後高温に遭遇すると脱春化して開花しないか、著しく開花が抑制される。Shilloは高温で生育した株はロゼットが破れず開花しなかったが、幼苗期を低温で経過した株は開花が著しく促進されることにより、開花には低温が必要であることを報告した9)。藤田は展開葉10枚程度の苗を1～2℃で40日間冷蔵すると抽台・開花が促進されることを明らかにした4)。また、吾妻らは、スターチス・シヌアータの催芽種子を2～3℃で30日間処理すると抽台・開花が促進され、種子発芽の段階でも定温に感応する種子春化型植物であることを明らかにした2)。しかし、冷蔵した苗も低温処理した種子もその後の高温で脱春化する2,4)。そこで吾妻・犬伏は種子低温処理と冷房育苗とを組み合わせ、脱春化を回避して10月から採花する栽培法を開発した3)。著者らは予備実験により、7月頃にまだ催花状態にある株から芽を取って挿し芽し、小苗で夏を越させると脱春化しないで開花し続け、10月中旬からの採花が可能であることを認めた。本実験ではスターチス・シヌアータの挿し芽苗による脱春化の防止について検討し、その結果をもとに早期促成栽培への基礎データを得ようとした。まず、採し芽の時期による脱春化防止の程度について調査し、次に7月中旬挿し芽苗の育苗方法について検討した。 kn-abstract=With the aim of preventing devernalization of statice (Limonium sinuatum Mill.) during summer in order to force the production of cut flowers harvestable from autumn, plants of cvs. 'La Mer' and 'Sunday Pink' were propagated by cuttings in late spring to late summer. Flowering stock plants were cut back thoroughtly, and after 15 days newly emerged vegetative buds were divided individually and rooted under intermittent mist. The rooted cuttings were planted in plastic pots and raised for 30 days followed by transplanting into wooden containers (36×60×D 18cm), 5 plants a container. During the two month's period after propagation, all emerging flower stalks were removed to allow a vigorous vegetative growth of plants. Plants propagated on 16 May, 15 June and 15 July, produced cut flowers starting from October, unlike those that were propagated on 14 August which did not flower until December. However, cut flowers of higher quality were mainly obtained from those plants that were propagated on 15 July. In addition, when the young propagated on 15 July were raised in the open field and under trees or in a cool house system, starting from October they produced more cut flowers that were of even higher quality than those raised in a plastic house. Only the plants that received water stress treatment during the potting stage flowered from November. There, from this forcing culture using cutting plants, marketable cut flowers of statice can be obtained from October without the usual requirement of low/cool temperature treatment. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=GotoTanjuro en-aut-sei=Goto en-aut-mei=Tanjuro kn-aut-name=後藤丹十郎 kn-aut-sei=後藤 kn-aut-mei=丹十郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamatoChie en-aut-sei=Yamato en-aut-mei=Chie kn-aut-name=山登千恵 kn-aut-sei=山登 kn-aut-mei=千恵 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KageyamaYoshihiro en-aut-sei=Kageyama en-aut-mei=Yoshihiro kn-aut-name=景山詳弘 kn-aut-sei=景山 kn-aut-mei=詳弘 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KonishiKuniyoshi en-aut-sei=Konishi en-aut-mei=Kuniyoshi kn-aut-name=小西国義 kn-aut-sei=小西 kn-aut-mei=国義 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=statice kn-keyword=statice en-keyword=cutting plant kn-keyword=cutting plant en-keyword=cutting time kn-keyword=cutting time en-keyword=raising method kn-keyword=raising method en-keyword=devernalization kn-keyword=devernalization END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=87 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=133 end-page=139 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1998 dt-pub=199802 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=エステラーゼ・アイソザイムによるサトイモの系統分類 kn-title=Phylogenetic Analyses of Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) and Related Species based on　Esterase Isozymes en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=東アジアを中心に採取したサトイモ(Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott)とその近緑野生種C.gigantea Hook, Alocasia macrorrhiza, A. odora, Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott and X. violaceum Schottの84系統について、エステラーゼのアイソザイムの多型を基に類縁関係の推定を行った。UPGMA法によって系統樹を求めたところ、サトイモ69系統は一つの独立したクラスターを形成した。また、ハスイモ(C. gigantea Hook)は、サトイモよりもAlocasia属の種とより近縁であることを示唆する結果を得た。サトイモについて、東アジアの各系統のアイソザイムのバンドパターンを比較したところ、中国雲南省で収集したものは、東アジア各地のサトイモと共通のパターンを示すものが多かったことから、この地域がサトイモ進化に重要な役割を果たしていることが推察された。 kn-abstract=Phylogenetic relationships among the 84 accessions of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott), C gigantea Hook Alocasia macrorrhiza, A odora, Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott and X. violaceum Schott were investigated using isozyme polymorphism of esterase. The phylogenetic tree estimated by the UPGMA analyses revealed that taro accessions formed a single cluster and C. gigantea was more closely related to Alocasia species than to taro. Taro accessions from Yunnan tended to share band patterns with those from various areas, which indicates that the Yunnan area might have been important for taro evolution. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NguyenViet Xuan en-aut-sei=Nguyen en-aut-mei=Viet Xuan kn-aut-name=グエンヴィエット シュアン kn-aut-sei=グエン kn-aut-mei=ヴィエット シュアン aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshinoHiromichi en-aut-sei=Yoshino en-aut-mei=Hiromichi kn-aut-name=吉野熙道 kn-aut-sei=吉野 kn-aut-mei=熙道 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaharaMakoto en-aut-sei=Tahara en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=田原誠 kn-aut-sei=田原 kn-aut-mei=誠 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Colocasia esculenta kn-keyword=Colocasia esculenta en-keyword=phylogeny kn-keyword=phylogeny en-keyword=isozyme kn-keyword=isozyme en-keyword=esterase kn-keyword=esterase END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=87 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=7 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1998 dt-pub=199802 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=マツノザイセンチュウ，Bursaphelenchus xylophilusに随伴する松萎凋性細菌の単離とその毒性代謝物質 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=マツ材線虫病の初期症状である樹脂道エピセリウム細胞や周辺柔細胞の変性は、マツノザイセンチュウのその場への到着および増殖に先行して起こることから、マツノザイセンチュウに随伴する微生物が発病に関与しているのだはないかと推論し、本研究では、クロマツ培養細胞に対する毒性を指標にして強病原生マツノザイセンチュウから毒物質生産細菌を数株を単離したえ。さらに、この毒性代謝物質を単離し、フェニル酢酸と同定した。フェニル酢酸生産細菌は、普遍的に存在するが、フェニル酢酸生産性には、大きい差があることを確認した。このフェニル酢酸生産細菌のみを接種しても、アカマツ実生は萎凋しなかったが、弱病原性マツノザイセンチュウに保持されて接種すると、ザイセンチュウの病原性が強くなった。このかとから、フェニル酢酸生産細菌は、マツノザイセンチュウに運搬されて松樹体内を移動し病原毒素フェニル酢酸を生産するものと推論した。 kn-abstract=Based on the observation that ray parenchyma cell death took place prior to nematode population increase in pine wood,the authors suspected that any microorganisms carried by pathogenic nematodes would be involvedin the pathogenic process.The authors screened pathogenic nematode-accompanying microbes for their toxicity against cultured cells of Pinus thunbergiis and isolated and identified 3 toxic strains,Bacillus cereus HY-3,B.subtilis HY-16,and Bmegaterium HY-17 , whose toxic products were identified as phenylacertic acid.Inoculation of pine seedlings with the toxic bacterium alone did not cause the seedling to wilt , but inoculation of pine seedlings with the toxic bacterium carried by weakly pathogenic nematodes wilted the seedling as much as strongly pathogenic nematodes . These results suggested that phenyllacetic acid-producing bacteria could invade pine trees by accompanying pine wood nematodes , and produce phenylacetic acid , a toxic metabolite , in the wood. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawazuKazuyoshi en-aut-sei=Kawazu en-aut-mei=Kazuyoshi kn-aut-name=河津一儀 kn-aut-sei=河津 kn-aut-mei=一儀 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamasitaHideaki en-aut-sei=Yamasita en-aut-mei=Hideaki kn-aut-name=山下秀昭 kn-aut-sei=山下 kn-aut-mei=秀昭 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KobayasiAkio en-aut-sei=Kobayasi en-aut-mei=Akio kn-aut-name=小林昭雄 kn-aut-sei=小林 kn-aut-mei=昭雄 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanzakiHiroshi en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name=神崎浩 kn-aut-sei=神崎 kn-aut-mei=浩 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=テルモ株式会社技術開発部 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=大阪大学大学院工学研究科応用生物工学専攻 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=pathogenic bacteria kn-keyword=pathogenic bacteria en-keyword=phenylacetic acid producer kn-keyword=phenylacetic acid producer en-keyword=nematode-accompanying bacteria kn-keyword=nematode-accompanying bacteria en-keyword=fluorescence microscopic analysis kn-keyword=fluorescence microscopic analysis en-keyword=pine wilt disease kn-keyword=pine wilt disease END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=89 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=15 end-page=21 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2000 dt-pub=200002 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Phylogenetic Pelationships of Taro and Allied Species Based on Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms(RFLPs) of Chloroplast DNA kn-title=葉緑体ＤＮＡの制限酵素断片長多型（ＲＦＬＰ）を利用したサトイモとその近縁種の類縁関係分析 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=サトイモ（Colocasia esculenta(L.)Schott)は、有史以前から栽培されており、東南アジアやオセアニアなどで、主食あるいは野菜として利用されている重要な作物である。サトイモの起源地は、野生型の分布及び形態的な多様性によりインドからマレー半島にかけての熱帯地域とされているが、ネパール・中国・オセアニア・沖縄などの地域にも野生型サトイモや、野生化したと思われるサトイモが広く自生している。これらの野生型サトイモは、貴重な遺伝資源であるが、栽培種や野生種との類縁関係については不明な点が多い。本研究では、東アジアで収集されたサトイモとその近縁種について、葉緑体DNAのRFLP分析を行い、それらの類縁関係を調査した。 kn-abstract=Phylogenetic relationshios among 51 accessions of taro (Colocasia esculenta(L.) Schott), C.gigantee Hook, Alocasia macrorrhiza, A.odora, Xanthosoma sagittifolium and Schismatoglottis spp. were investigated using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of chloroplast DNA. The phylogenetic tree using the Neighbor Joining(NJ) method revealed that Xanthosoma and Schismatoglottis genera were distantly related to Colocasia and Alocasia genera. Among Colocasia and Alocasia accessions, C.esculenta accessions formed a single cluster. However C. gigantea accessions were related DNA among taro accessions were found to be too small to establish significant grouping of the accessions. However, four accessions of taro, which were thought to be inter-generic or inter-specific hybrids, formed an independent cluster. Based on the banding pattern of the RFLP, the plant in genus Colocasia appeared to be the maternal parent of these four accessions. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OchiaiToshinori en-aut-sei=Ochiai en-aut-mei=Toshinori kn-aut-name=落合利紀 kn-aut-sei=落合 kn-aut-mei=利紀 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaharaMakoto en-aut-sei=Tahara en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=田原誠 kn-aut-sei=田原 kn-aut-mei=誠 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshinoHiromichi en-aut-sei=Yoshino en-aut-mei=Hiromichi kn-aut-name=吉野熙道 kn-aut-sei=吉野 kn-aut-mei=熙道 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Colocasia esculenta kn-keyword=Colocasia esculenta en-keyword=chloroplast DNA kn-keyword=chloroplast DNA en-keyword=RFLP analysis kn-keyword=RFLP analysis en-keyword=phylogeny kn-keyword=phylogeny END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=91 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=49 end-page=54 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2002 dt-pub=200202 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effects of Pruning Levels on Physiological Fruit Drop and Fruit Development in 'Shimizuhakuto' Peach kn-title=モモ’清水白桃’の剪定量の違いが生理的落果ならびに果実発育に及ぼす影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=モモ‘清水白桃’について，生理的落果の軽減に有効とされている弱剪定樹の果実発育や新梢生長の様相を慣行剪定樹と比較した．弱剪定樹では核割れの発生程度が慣行剪定樹よりも有意に低く，落果率も低い傾向であった．新梢生長は，弱剪定樹では５月末までにほぼ停止したのに対し，慣行剪定樹では果実発育第２期末の６月末まで続いた．正常果と核割れ果の果実肥大には両剪定樹間に差がなかったが,落下した果実の肥大は，慣行剪定樹では核割れ果よりも旺盛であったのに対し，弱剪定樹では逆に劣った．胚乳の生長には両剪定樹間に違いがなかった．胚の生長は，慣行剪定樹では第２期初め以降弱剪定樹よりも劣り，また核割れ果の胚は正常果の半分以下の大きさであった．一方，弱剪定樹では核割れ果の胚も第２期末までは正常果と同様の生長を示した．落果した果実の胚乳と胚の大きさには両剪定樹間に差がなかった．これらの結果から，弱剪定樹で生理的落果が少ない理由について考察した． kn-abstract=Using 'Shimizuhakuto' peach trees maintained by light (LP) and heavy (HP) prunings, fruit development and shoot growth were investigated in relation ro physiological fruit drop. The rate of split-pit fruits was significantly lower in LP trees than in HP trees, and the rate of dropped fruit in the former was also lower than in the latter although there was no significant. In LP trees shoot growth ceased by the end of May, while in HP trees the shoots continued to elongate until the end of June, corresponding to the end of stage 2 of fruit development. There was no significant difference in enlargement of normal and pit-split fruits between HP and LP trees. However, the enlargement of dropped fruits was more vigorous than those of pit-split fruit in HP and was by contrast inferior in LP trees. The growth of embryo in the fruits of HP trees was smaller than in those of LP trees from the beginning of stage 2, and the size of embryos of pit-split fruit were less than 50% in size compared to normal fruits in HP trees during stage 3. On the other hand, embryo of pit-split fruits in LP trees showed a similar growth to normal fruits until the end of stage 2. There was no difference in the size of endosperm and embryo of dropped fruit between HP and LP trees. Based on these results, ther possible causes whereby light pruning might decrease physiological fruit drop in peach are discussed. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FukudaFumio en-aut-sei=Fukuda en-aut-mei=Fumio kn-aut-name=福田文夫 kn-aut-sei=福田 kn-aut-mei=文夫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TabuchiFumiko en-aut-sei=Tabuchi en-aut-mei=Fumiko kn-aut-name=田淵史子 kn-aut-sei=田淵 kn-aut-mei=史子 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KubotaNaohiro en-aut-sei=Kubota en-aut-mei=Naohiro kn-aut-name=久保田尚浩 kn-aut-sei=久保田 kn-aut-mei=尚浩 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=peach kn-keyword=peach en-keyword=physiological fruit drop kn-keyword=physiological fruit drop en-keyword=pruning level kn-keyword=pruning level en-keyword=fruit development kn-keyword=fruit development en-keyword=embryo length kn-keyword=embryo length END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=94 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=91 end-page=94 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2005 dt-pub=20050201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Eco-physiology Characteristics of pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. and Pine Wilt Disease kn-title=アカマツ (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc) の生態生理学的特性とマツ材線虫病発現の関係 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=マツ材線虫病の発生と立地の関係を検討した結果、集水面積の小さな斜面上部や花崗岩のような乾燥しやすい母岩のマツ林ほど被害が小さく、マツ樹の水ストレスに対する耐性と被害の発生に何らかの関係があるものと考えられた。そこで、生育土壌の水分条件が異なるマツ樹の生理特性について検討した結果，慢性の水ストレスを受けて生育した個体の葉は，わずかな水分の損失に対して葉の圧ポテンシャルを著しく低下させ，また枝部の通水抵抗を高めることで急性の水ストレスに対して速やかに気孔を閉じることができる特性を有していた．その結果，マツ材線虫病被害発生の誘因として作用するストレスフルな状態を回避できることが示唆された．また，そうした耐乾性を有するマツ樹は同時に高いCO固定効率により光合成活性を高く維持できる特性を持ち合わせることで，マツ材線虫病の病徴の進展を抑制できることが示唆された．このように，立地の違いによるマツ材線虫病被害の発生の差が，生育土壌の水分条件の違いによる耐乾性の差異に大きく関与していることが明らかとなり，マツ材線虫病に対する抵抗性のメカニズムとしてマツ樹の耐乾性の重要性が示された。 kn-abstract=Aerial photographs taken in the southern part of Okayama Prefecture, western Japan, were analyzed and a tree census was conducted for elucidating the relationship between the incident of pine wilt disease and site conditions. Pine wilt damage tended to be less in areas with dry conditions, such as the upper part of a slope and granite rock areas. It was suggested that the drought resistance of pine trees, caused by longterm water stress, was thought to be one of the important factors in resistance to pine wilt disease. Therefore, we examined the charactreristics of water relations of pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. growing in different soil drying and avoided losing water because of the decrease in the leaf pressure potential derived from the high-elastic cell walls and because of the increase in the hydraulic resistance of the branch. Moreover, the P.densiflora under chronic water stress had a high capacity for photosynthesis. The physiological activity of P.densiflora under chronic water stress stayed high even after the inoculation by nematode. It was suggested that P. deinsiflora growing under longterm water stress could resist the influence of the extensive water deficit caused by the shortage of precipitation and by pine wilt disease, and could delay the development of pine wilt disease owing to the drought resistance. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MikiNaoko en-aut-sei=Miki en-aut-mei=Naoko kn-aut-name=三木直子 kn-aut-sei=三木 kn-aut-mei=直子 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=drought resistence kn-keyword=drought resistence en-keyword=water stress kn-keyword=water stress en-keyword=stomatal response kn-keyword=stomatal response en-keyword=photosynthesis kn-keyword=photosynthesis en-keyword=pine wilt disease kn-keyword=pine wilt disease END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=92 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=4 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2003 dt-pub=200302 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=オリーブに含まれるオリーブアナアキゾウムシ摂食刺激物質β-sitostery-D-glucoside kn-title=β-SitosteryI-D-glucoside from the Olive Tree(Olea europaea LINNE; Oleaceae) as a Feeding Stimulant toward the Olive Weevil (Dyscerus perforatus) en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=オリーブアナアキゾウムシは，モクセイ科のオリーブに多数寄生し甚大な被害を与えるため，オリーブ栽培上の深刻な問題となっている．我々は，これまでオリーブのメタノール抽出物から，オリーブアナアキゾウムシの摂食刺激成分として，雌雄に活性を示すセコイリドイド配糖体1種と，雌に特異的に活性を持つ2種のリグナン類を得た．さらに今回，同じメタノール抽出物から，活性物質としてステロイド配糖体であるβ-sitosteryl-D-glucosideを得た．この成分は雌雄に対してほぼ同等の摂食刺激活性を示した． kn-abstract=The olive weevil [Dyscerus perforatus (ROELOFS); Coleopetera; Curculionidae] is a native species in Japan and now the most serious pest of the olive trees. Originally, this weevil seemed to colonise Ligustrum japonicum Thumb. and L. obtusifolium Sieb. et Zucc, both of which belong to the same oleacea family as olive. However, when olive trees were introduced to Japan in 1908, the weevils immediately attacked the plants and soon preferred them to the former hosts. Unlike in the former hosts, where the weevils live in a low population density, it is extraordinary high in the case of olive trees and the subsequent assault becomes seriously damaging for the host plant. During the course of our study on the relationship between olive trees and olive weevils, we came to be interested in the possible chemical constituents that are responsible for host selection and attraction of the olive weevil to this plant. Previously, we reported that a secoiridoid gluconside, oleuropein, and some lignans, (-)-olivil and (+)-l-acetoxypinoresinol, from the olive tree stimulated the feeding habit of the weevil. In this study, we found a steroidal glucoside as another feeding stimulant component in the olive tree. Here, we describe the isolation, characterization and activity of this feeding stimulant. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KadowakiEmiko en-aut-sei=Kadowaki en-aut-mei=Emiko kn-aut-name=門脇英美子 kn-aut-sei=門脇 kn-aut-mei=英美子 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshidaYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=BabaNaomichi en-aut-sei=Baba en-aut-mei=Naomichi kn-aut-name=馬場直道 kn-aut-sei=馬場 kn-aut-mei=直道 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakajimaShuhei en-aut-sei=Nakajima en-aut-mei=Shuhei kn-aut-name=中島修平 kn-aut-sei=中島 kn-aut-mei=修平 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Nippon Olive Co., Ltd. affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Computer simulation kn-keyword=Computer simulation en-keyword=Selection kn-keyword=Selection en-keyword=Crossbreeding kn-keyword=Crossbreeding en-keyword=Population structure kn-keyword=Population structure END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=20040325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=湛水条件に対するいくつかの樹種の耐性に関する生理生態学的研究 kn-title=Ecophysiological study on the tolerance of several tree species to the flooding conditions en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HalideCandan Zülfikar en-aut-sei=Halide en-aut-mei=Candan Zülfikar kn-aut-name=ハリデジャンダン ズリフィカル kn-aut-sei=ハリデ kn-aut-mei=ジャンダン ズリフィカル aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=19950331 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=上部消化管と胆道系の空腹期運動に及ぼす迷走神経腹腔枝と幽門洞枝切断の効果 kn-title=Effects of Resection of Celiac and Pyloric Branches of Vagus Nerve on the Interdigestive Motor Activity of the Upper Digestive Tract and Biliary Tree en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=柚木靖弘 kn-aut-sei=柚木 kn-aut-mei=靖弘 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=79 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=45 end-page=51 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1992 dt-pub=1992 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Astringency of Peach Fruit in Different Fruit Parts, Trees and Orchards kn-title=モモ果実における渋味発生の果樹園,樹体および 果実内部位による差異 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=モモ果実における渋味の発生要因ならびにその防止策を確立するための基礎資料を得ることを目的として,果樹園,樹体ならびに果実によるポリフェノール含量の違いを調査した.また,ポリフェノール含量の果実内での部位による違い,ならびにポリフェノール含量に及ぼす袋掛けの影響について調査した.成熟果実のポリフェノール含量は果実間や樹体間よりも果樹園間での差が大きかった.全フェノール含量と屈折計示度および高分子フェノール含量との間に各々1%レベルで正の相関が認められた.ポリフェノール含量は果皮で最も多く,果底部と縫合線部がこれに次ぎ,果肉中央部で最も少なかった,また,ポリフェノール含量は有袋果よりも無袋果で多かった.これらの結果をもとに,モモ果実の渋味発生と栽培条件との関係ならびにフェノール化合物の生成や蓄積について考察した。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KubotaNaohiro en-aut-sei=Kubota en-aut-mei=Naohiro kn-aut-name=久保田尚浩 kn-aut-sei=久保田 kn-aut-mei=尚浩 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MimuraHiromi en-aut-sei=Mimura en-aut-mei=Hiromi kn-aut-name=三村博美 kn-aut-sei=三村 kn-aut-mei=博美 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YakushijiHiroko en-aut-sei=Yakushiji en-aut-mei=Hiroko kn-aut-name=薬師寺浩子 kn-aut-sei=薬師寺 kn-aut-mei=浩子 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimamuraKazuo en-aut-sei=Shimamura en-aut-mei=Kazuo kn-aut-name=島村和夫 kn-aut-sei=島村 kn-aut-mei=和夫 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=モモ kn-keyword=モモ en-keyword=ポリフェノール含量 kn-keyword=ポリフェノール含量 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=75 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=7 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1990 dt-pub=1990 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=緑葉カロテノイドの季節的変動と環境因子 kn-title=A Seasonal Variation of Carotenoid Composition in Green Leaves and Effect of Environmental Factors on It+ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Carotenoid compositions of green leaves are varied with the passage of season. β-Carotene, one of the major carotenoid, is rich in summer and poor in spring, autumn and winter , while lutein, the other major, shows the opposite direction to β-carotene. These phenomena were confirmed to be always found in every plants, in both annual and perennial plants or in both herbaceous and woody plants. This variation was also confirmed to be seasonal and periodical on using green leaves of both evergreen and deciduous trees . The examinations for grapevine grown under different temperatures and light intensities revealed that these seasonal variations were mainly based on temperature. These results will provide important informations for both plant physiology and food nutrition. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakagiShigeaki en-aut-sei=Takagi en-aut-mei=Shigeaki kn-aut-name=高木茂明 kn-aut-sei=高木 kn-aut-mei=茂明 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KishiFumiaki en-aut-sei=Kishi en-aut-mei=Fumiaki kn-aut-name=貴志文昭 kn-aut-sei=貴志 kn-aut-mei=文昭 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakajimaKentaro en-aut-sei=Nakajima en-aut-mei=Kentaro kn-aut-name=中島健太郎 kn-aut-sei=中島 kn-aut-mei=健太郎 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimuraYoshinobu en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Yoshinobu kn-aut-name=木村吉伸 kn-aut-sei=木村 kn-aut-mei=吉伸 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakanoMikio en-aut-sei=Nakano en-aut-mei=Mikio kn-aut-name=中野幹夫 kn-aut-sei=中野 kn-aut-mei=幹夫 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=51 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=17 end-page=21 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1978 dt-pub=1978 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The Emergence of Insects from Dying Pine Trees kn-title=枯損マツに寄生する昆虫群集の羽化 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=1977年5月初め実験室内に持ち帰ったマツの枯死木からの昆虫群集の羽化状況を調べた. 秋には枯れが目立たず,年を越してから枯死したマツからはマツノマダラカミキリは羽化してこなかった. シラホシゾウムシ一種,ヒメムツテンチャタテ,キイロホソナガクチキムシ,マツノマダラカミキリ,ヒゲナガモモブトカミキリ,ムナクボサビカミキリの6種の羽化曲線を示した. 1977年度の岡山のマツノマダラカミキリの羽化期は例年よりやや遅れていたと考えられる. マツノマダラカミキリの羽化虫数は,マツの樹幹の地上からの高さのちがいによって異なり,地上3～4mの高さの樹幹から最も多く羽化した。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YoshidaToshiharu en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Toshiharu kn-aut-name=吉田敏治 kn-aut-sei=吉田 kn-aut-mei=敏治 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsudaYoshio en-aut-sei=Tsuda en-aut-mei=Yoshio kn-aut-name=津田良夫 kn-aut-sei=津田 kn-aut-mei=良夫 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=30 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=13 end-page=25 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1967 dt-pub=1967 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the Emission Spectrochemical Analysis for Determination of Mineral Constituents of Ash in Forest and Garden Tree-Leaves. kn-title=林業および造園樹木の樹葉灰分組成の発光分光化学分析について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This experiment was made on the emission spectrochemical analysis for determination of mineral constituents of ash in forest and garden tree-leaves. The sample trees are shown in Table I; fiteen kinds in all, that is, five kinds from each of coniferous, ever green and deciduous brode leaves trees, and the number of sample trees is three in each kind. (1)The ratio of ash are notably different between the kinds of trees, but the difference is not very great between the living forms of trees such as coniferous, ever green and deciduous brode leaves trees. (2)The coefficient of variation of spectrochemical analysis is different from element to elements, but in this experiments, the results of testing these methods show that the error Percentage is below adout 30 per cent. (3)In this experiment we determined nine elements in the mineral constituents of ash in forest and garden tree-leaves, and the results are as follows: The contents of Ca, Mg, Al, B, Fe in conifer, Ca, P, Si, B, Fe in ever green, and Ca, Si, B, in deciduous brode leaves trees increased with ash ratios, but Mn, Cu in conifer and ever green brode leaves trees, and Mg, Al, Fe, Cu in deciduous brode leaves trees have nothing to do with ash ratios. This seems to be connected with Si content in ash of tree-leaves. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KuroyanagiShigeru en-aut-sei=Kuroyanagi en-aut-mei=Shigeru kn-aut-name=畔柳鎮 kn-aut-sei=畔柳 kn-aut-mei=鎮 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=25 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=10 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1965 dt-pub=1965 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Mechanical Properties of the Forest Fertilized Sugi(Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) Woods. kn-title=スギ肥培材の機械的性質 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This work is one of the studies made by the authors on wood properties of forest fertilized Sugi(Cryptomeria japonica D. Don). In this paper, the mechnical properties of fertilized trees and those of non-fertilized ones are compared and studied. The sample trees, which were the same ones as we reported before, were produced in the experimental forest of Kyoto University(Shirahama, Wakayama Prefecture), and in Okutsu-cho, Tomada, Okayama Prefecture. The test pieces are sampled from each tree(at 1. 2-2. 0 m height). Considering the application of wood to wooden columns and beams in the case of constructions, the strength determinations are studied on two types; one is bending and the other compression. The test of compression is carried out on short wooden columns. Moreover, in the compression determination, the samples are tested in three directions: (a)Parallel-to-grain. (b)Perpendicular-to- annual ring. (c)Tangential-to-annual ring. The results may be summerized as follows: (1)The compression of parallel-to-grain and bending strength of fertilized trees are weaker than those of non-fertilized ones. In view of the fact that the strength depends on the width of annual rings and the ratio of late wood, the above result may be understood. However, the compression and bending strength of some fertilized trees in which many false rings are found in the part of late wood, are not always weak. It is considered that the strength depends on the number of false ring cells. (2)The significant difference between fertilized trees and non-fertilized ones is recognized at the 5 % level in the compression of perpendicular and tangential-to-annual ring. But in the tangetial direction to annual rings, the compression strength of non-fertilized trees is weaker than that of the fertilized trees. (3)In the bending modulus of elasticity, it is rather hard to recognized the significant difference between fertilized trees and non-fertilized ones. The mechnical properties of cell in false rings which are found in the part of late wood in fertilized trees seem to play an important part in this bending modulus of elasticity. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KuroyanagiShigeru en-aut-sei=Kuroyanagi en-aut-mei=Shigeru kn-aut-name=畔柳鎮 kn-aut-sei=畔柳 kn-aut-mei=鎮 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=23 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=7 end-page=11 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1964 dt-pub=1964 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Wood Properties of the Forest Fertilized Sugi(Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) : IV. On the difference in the width of growth rings between fertilized trees and non-fertilized ones. kn-title=スギ肥培木の材質に関する研究 (第4報)スギ肥培木と対照木の年輪構成の差異について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This work is one of the studies made by the authors on wood properties of forest fertilized Sugi(Cryptomeria japonica D. Don). In this paper the widths of growth ring of fertilized trees and of non-fertilized ones are compared and examined under microscopic observation. These test trees are produced in the experimental forest of Kyoto University, Shirahama, Wakayama Prefecture(fertilized trees 3, non-fertilized trees 3, total number 6) and Okutsu-cho, Tomada, Okayama Prefecture(fertilized trees 2, non-fertilized trees 2, total number 4). The following items are observed and measured about the disk at breast height: a)Average width of annual ring b)Average number of cell consisting of an annual ring c)Width of late wood and number of cell d)Width of early wood and number of cell e)Width and number of false ring, number of cell. The results may be summerized as follows: 1)In diameter at breast height, height and volume, the differences between two populations characterized by fertilization and non-fertilization are quite significant at the 1 % level. (as shown table 1). 2)In the width of growth ring and average number of cell, the differences between two populations are significant at the 1 % level. 3)In the width of late wood and cell number, the differences are significant at the 5 % level except some portion, but are not significant at the 1 % level. The difference in the ratio of late wood between two populations is not quite significant at the 5 % level, so it seems reasonable to assume that the difference in the ratio of late wood between fertilized trees and non-fertilized ones is negligible. 4)In the width of early wood and number of cell, the significant difference between two populations is recognized at the 5 % level, but the difference in the size of cell is not significant. And this indicates that the difference in the width of growth ring between fertilized trees and non-fertilized ones depends upon the number of cell, but is not concerned with the size of cell. 5)The false rings are found more in fertilized trees, and the difference between two populations is significant at the 1 % level. 6)The significant difference is not recognized in the ratio of the number of cell in an annual ring to the number of cell in a late wood and false rings between two populations. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KuroyanagiShigeru en-aut-sei=Kuroyanagi en-aut-mei=Shigeru kn-aut-name=畔柳鎮 kn-aut-sei=畔柳 kn-aut-mei=鎮 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishidaTeruaki en-aut-sei=Nishida en-aut-mei=Teruaki kn-aut-name=西田晃昭 kn-aut-sei=西田 kn-aut-mei=晃昭 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=20 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=23 end-page=36 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1962 dt-pub=1962 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Seasonal Variation of Mineral Constituents of Ash in Tree-leaves by the Emission Spectroscopy. kn-title=発光分光分析による樹葉灰分組成の季節的変化の研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This experiment was made on the seasonal variation of mineral constituents of leaves of Sugi（Chryptomeria japonica D. Don), Hinoki(Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.) and Kuromatsu(Pinus Thunbergii Parl.), representative trees for afforestration in Japan. The author used the emission spectroscopy using a graphite electrod, and Cd as an internal standard element and has determined such elements as P, Mg, Al, Fe, Ca, Si, B, Mn and Cu. The calibration line of these elements are shown on the Figures 1～3. The analysis of N and K was done in the ordinary method. The method of sampling is as follows: Numbers of sample trees: three trees in each kind Dates when leaves were collected: May 16, July 5, August 24, Oct. 13 and Dec. 2, 1960. (Sampling intervals of 50 days). The differences of means based on season are tested by the analysis of variance. The significant differences at 5 % level are shown by the mark *, at 1 % level are shown by the mark ** in Tables 1, 2, 3. The seasonal variation of mineral constituents of leaves are summerized as follows and shown on Figures 4～6. (1)The contents of N, K and P of one year leaves seem to decrease from spring to autumn, whereas in two or three year old leaves such a tendency may not be recognizable. (2)The contents of Ca, Mg and Fe seem to increase from spring to autumn. (3)The contents of Mn, B, Si and Al in leaves of Kuromatsu seem to increase from spring to autumn, however, of Hinoki and Sugi may be constant. The amount of Cu seem to decrease. (4)It may be summarized that the ash ratios of leaves are connected with the date when leaves are collected and the age of leaves, since the ratios become higher from spring to autumn and as the year of leaves advances. The changes of ash ratio seem due to the deposition of the large quantity elements such as Ca, Si and Mg in leaves. In two or three year old leaves these elements are considered as surplus and released by falling of leaves. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KuroyanagiShigeru en-aut-sei=Kuroyanagi en-aut-mei=Shigeru kn-aut-name=畔柳鎮 kn-aut-sei=畔柳 kn-aut-mei=鎮 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=17 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=19 end-page=25 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1961 dt-pub=1961 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Morphological Features in Interspecific Hybrids between Pinus densiflora and P. Thunbergii. (I). : Comparision of External Features and Interior Tissues of Needle. kn-title=アカマツ・クロマツ種間雑種における形態学上の特性 (第1報) 外部形態と針葉の内部形態との比較 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Investigations have been conducted by several workers into interspecific hybrids among Pinus densiflora SIEB. et Zucc. (Japanese red pine) and Pinus Thunbergii PARL. (Japanese black pine), but there seems to be many basic problems in morphology yet to be settled. In the present paper, the author attempted to tentatively clasify into five types pure Pinus densiflora, pure Pinus Thunbergii and their hybrids by major external features; (1) Akamatsu (Red pin-e): distinguished as pure red pine by observation of it's needles, winter buds and bark. (2) Ai-akamatsu (Hybrid red pine): recognized as partaking of black pine characteristics by observation of above three external features. (3) Ai-matsu (Hybrid pine): judged as an intermediate type between red pine and black pine. (4) Ai-guromatsu (Hybrid black pine): recognized as the contrary type of (2). (5) Kuromatsu (Black pine): distinguished as pure black pine by the same means. Above distinctions were standardized by macroscopic observation and three characteristics were respectively determined by following points; that is, each of the characteristics of pure red pine is +2, of pure back pine -2, and of intermediate type +1.0, and -1 according to their grades. Then pure races and hybrids are graded by these total points which are figured out by above mentioned methods of marking, as following: (1) +6・・・Red pine (2) (+5)～(+3)・・・Hybrid red pine (3) (+2) ～(-2)・・・Hybrid pine (4) (-3) ～(-5)・・・Hybrid black pine (5) - 6・・・Black pine Sample trees used in this experiment are fifteen in number and they are shown in Table 1. These sample trees grow in the experimental forest (about 0.16 ha.) of Handayama University Forest (the northern part of Okayama city). In the present paper, the relationship between the external characteristics (especially; needle, winterbud and bark) of pure and hybrid pine and the internal structure of their needles are discussed. The microscopic observation on the internal structure of their needles was undertaken to analyze distinctions of tissue, as described in Fig. 1, 2. Considered from the experimental results, it seems most reasonable to conclude that individuals judged as hybrid of Pinus densiflora SIEB. et ZUCC. and P. Thumbergii PARL. by observation of external features may also have the microscopic characteristics in the internal structure of their needles as hybrid of those two species. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IwamuraMichimasa en-aut-sei=Iwamura en-aut-mei=Michimasa kn-aut-name=岩村通正 kn-aut-sei=岩村 kn-aut-mei=通正 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=アカマツ・クロマツ種間雑種 kn-keyword=アカマツ・クロマツ種間雑種 en-keyword=形態学 kn-keyword=形態学 en-keyword=針葉 kn-keyword=針葉 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=13 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=47 end-page=55 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=1959 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Mineral Translocation and Deposition of Forest Trees by the Spectrochemical Analysis. : II. On the Deposition of Mineral Elements in Roots and Leaves of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) cultured in Several Conditions. kn-title=発光分光分析による林木の灰分代謝の研究 (第2報)異なった条件下で栽培されたスギの葉及び根における無機元素の集積について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this report, the deposition of mineral elements in roots and leaves of Sugi (Chtryptomeria japonica D. Dan) were qualitatively and quantitatively determined by the spectrochemical analysis. The samples were cultured in several conditions : (I) in nursery soil; (II) hydroponics; and (III) Okayama municipal service water. We used two methods which were dry-ashing process and wet-ashing process, as the treatment of samples in qualitative analysis, in the former samples were ashed at temperature lowered to 450℃ in an electric muffle furnace and in the latter samples were treated with H2SO4+HNO3, supplemented by ε0％ HClO4. In quantitative analysis we used only dry-ashing samples so far and have determined elements such as Boron, Calcium, Manganese, Magnesium, and Phosphorus by internal standard method, using Cadmium as the internal standard element and pure carbon powder as spectroscopic buffer. The conditions of sparking and photographing and the composition of standard samples are listed in Table 4 and 6. The results of quantitative analysis are shown in Table 7 and 8, and it may be summarized as follows : 1) The amounts of five elements contained withi nleaves and roots were mentione d below; Ca>Mg>P>Mn>B. 2) The amounts of mineral elements were different with culture conditions I, II and III; Leaves…I>II>III Roots (B, Mn, Mg and P)…I>II>III 3) The deposition of mineral elements in nursery cultured samples were larger in leaves than roots, but water cultured samples were a little different between leaves and roots. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KuroyanagiShigeru en-aut-sei=Kuroyanagi en-aut-mei=Shigeru kn-aut-name=畔柳鎮 kn-aut-sei=畔柳 kn-aut-mei=鎮 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshikawaTatsuyoshi en-aut-sei=Ishikawa en-aut-mei=Tatsuyoshi kn-aut-name=石川達芳 kn-aut-sei=石川 kn-aut-mei=達芳 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=5 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=10 end-page=19 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1954 dt-pub=1954 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on hydrogen-ion concentration and buffer action of leaf-juices from fruit trees including the chestnut kn-title=栗その他果樹葉汁の水素イオン濃度及び緩衝能に就て en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=1,栗を含む14種果樹の葉汁のPH及び緩衝能を測定し植物生理上二三の考察を行つた. 2, initial PHが5.2～6.2の間にあつて最も普通の酸度を示すもの8種, PH6.54～7.13のものは菓子胡桃,ペカン,無花果の3種,PH3.21～3.69のものは欧州葡萄,間生葡萄,梅の3種である. 3,果樹は作物に比し緩衝能が極めて大である.PH4.6～4.8とPH6.4～6.6に於けるBuffer-indexと反応抵抗性との相関は認められない. 4, initial PHを中心として酸性側に於て日本栗が14種果樹中最も緩衝力が弱いが initial PHから0.2PH単位の巾の酸性側の Buffer-index(A)に対するアルカリ性側の同様なBuffer-index(B)の比較(B/A×100)は最も大である. 5,14種の果樹を Buffer-index curveにより酸性側の緩衝能の最も強い第Iグループ(L型カーブ)に属する夏橙,温州及び梅,第IIグループ(ほぼL型カーブ)に属する欧州葡萄,枇杷,桃,無花果,間生種萄葡及びオリーブと酸側緩衝能は最も弱いがアルカリ側の緩衝能が大で-U型カーブを示す第IIIグループに属する果樹即ちペカン,菓子胡桃,日本栗,柿,支那栗とに大別出来る. 6,日本栗と支那栗,間生種葡萄と欧州葡萄,温州と夏橙に於ける如くPH3.5～4.0と3.0～3.5に於けるカーブの型により各種間に大差が見られる. 7,アルカリ側に於ても日本栗と支那栗の Buffer-indexに大差がある.又日本栗がPH7.0～7.5にて14種果樹中最大の緩衝能をもち,且つPH6.83及び7.46に於てTitration curve上特異な変曲点をもつ.8,以上の諸事実は種によるメタボリズムの特性を示唆するものである。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HondaNoboru en-aut-sei=Honda en-aut-mei=Noboru kn-aut-name=本多昇 kn-aut-sei=本多 kn-aut-mei=昇 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkazakiMitsuyoshi en-aut-sei=Okazaki en-aut-mei=Mitsuyoshi kn-aut-name=岡崎光良 kn-aut-sei=岡崎 kn-aut-mei=光良 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=4 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=50 end-page=57 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1954 dt-pub=1954 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Spectrochemical studies of woods and trees. : (V) On the quantitative spectrographic analysis of wood, tree and soil samples by the internal standard method. kn-title=木材並びに樹木の分光化学的研究 (第V報) 内標準法による,木材,樹木並びに土壤試料の分光定量分析について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The concentration of the element in a sample may be measured by the determination of the spectral line intensity of the element, because the line intensity of the element is affected by the concentration of the element in the sample. The actual determination of line intensity can be made by a visual comparison or an electrical measurement of the persistent line of the unknown sample by means of a series of photographs of the persistent lines of the known concentrations of the element. To accomplish this determination, it is usual to use an internal standard line. In this study, Sn and C lines have been used as control or internal standard for quantitative analysis of the samples of woods, trees and soils to be examined. It seems that if the powdered samples are changed to solutions, C lines may better be used as the internal standard lines than Sn lines; still, it is necessary to improve the accuracy of the method taking the following factors into consideration: (1). The preparation of standard and unkown samples. (2). The loss of the samples from the spark. (3). The penetration of solution into the carbon electrode. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KuroyanagiShigeru en-aut-sei=Kuroyanagi en-aut-mei=Shigeru kn-aut-name=畔柳鎮 kn-aut-sei=畔柳 kn-aut-mei=鎮 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=3 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=8 end-page=21 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1953 dt-pub=1953 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Root development of Chestnut trees in relation to edaphic conditions （III). : Observations made in Hirusen district （Ando-soil Zone), Okayama Prefecture. kn-title=地床状態が栗の根群の発達に及ぼす影響(第III報) 岡山県蒜山地方(クロボク地帯)に於ける調査成績 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=(1)蒜山地方は岡山県真庭郡八束,川上両村(総面積14,400町歩)を指すものであつて,ここは北に大山火山の支脈である蒜山山群(高度1000米)と南に旧中国背稜山脈である連山(高度800～1000米)と,それらに囲まれた蒜山盆地から成りクロボクで被はれている地帯である. (2)筆者等は本地方を地質学及び地形学上から考察して次の4つの小地形区に区分したA.南部山麓地形区;-黒雲母花崗岩及び石英斑岩等に由来する崩積性土層が形成され易い.B.苗代-下部蒜山原(450-530米)地形区;-大山の崩壊による円礫士層又は砂質土の盤層が比較的薄い火山灰土層の下にある爲に材木の生育に大きく影響する. C.上部蒜山原地形区;-この地形区は幼年期地貌を示す蒜山山腹(530～700米)で上記洪積土層の存在を認め難い. D.東茅部地形区;-旭川南岸の河岸段丘の一部をなし湿地が多い. (3)上の4地形区につき地質,母岩及び地形等に由来する土壌形態の特徴を研究し,その内3つの地形区にて梢代表的と思はれる地点で土壌形態と柴栗の根群の発達との関係について観察した. (4)調査地点蜂ケ巣山の崖錐地(A地形区)では多量の岩屑がクロボクと混じている崩積土層の為か或は地下流水の為か根群の発達は意外に浅いがその生育は可成り良好である.大森 (B点,D地形区)では排水性適度な沖積性土層が存在する爲栗の根群の発達は調査樹中最も深く又近くには極めて老令で且つ生育が旺盛な栗がある.然し同地形区内のC点では停帯水の為に栗の根の発達が浅い.西ノ平の丘上(D点,B地形区)では深さ100糎の透水速度(500cc.の水力が滲透するに要する時間)さへも1分20秒であつて過乾地であり而も浅根である為に栗が梢端から枯れ込む.之に反し正富の丘腹(F点,B地形区)では透水性過度芯火山灰土層の下にある極めて不透水性(100cc.の水が滲透するのに1時間を要する｡)の砂質土の盤層があつてこの地帯は柴栗の自生少く且つ概ね生育不良であることが一般に認められている. (5)クロボク地帯に於ても筆者等の提案する直根型が栗の根群の垂直的発達についての簡明な一指標であると思はれる. (6)栗の根はクロボク土層(A層)の下にある火山灰性ローム(B層)中に発達することが少い傾向が見られ,又栗ノ木坂(E点,B地形区)にてはコナラに反し栗の根は石礫土層中を貫通することが出来ない事が観察された. (7)同一地形区内にても微細地形の差により土壌型に著しい差のあることを指摘した.故に本地方に於ける栗栽培の各種の方式は地床状態と栗がそれに反応する様相を確認することを基礎として決定さるべきである。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HondaNoboru en-aut-sei=Honda en-aut-mei=Noboru kn-aut-name=本多昇 kn-aut-sei=本多 kn-aut-mei=昇 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkazakiMitsuyoshi en-aut-sei=Okazaki en-aut-mei=Mitsuyoshi kn-aut-name=岡崎光良 kn-aut-sei=岡崎 kn-aut-mei=光良 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=92 end-page=106 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1953 dt-pub=1953 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Spectrochemical studies of woods and trees. : (III.) On the qualitative analysis of the chemical elements in woods and trees by the emission spectroscopy. kn-title=木材並びに樹木の分光化学的研究 (第三報)発光スペクトルによる,木材並びに樹木中の化学元素の定性分析について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In the present paper the　results of the qualitative spectroscopic studies on the microchemical elements in raw woods, green trees and the forest soils using alternating current spark are reported. 1.) Spectrums of raw wood samples and various parts of a green tree were lighter than those of their ash. But the qualitative determination of 12 elements (Fe, B, Si, P, Mg, Mn, Al, Ca, Cu, Na, Ti, and K.) was possible. 2.) According to the results of the qualitative spectroscopic analysis of raw woods, there were rather little difference in the kinds and contents of inorganic chemical elements, which is due to the folllowing factors: a.) species. b.) specific gravity. c.) spring and summer woods. d.) heart and sap woods. e.) normal and compression woods. 3.) In the samples of green trees, the results of the qualitative spectroscopic analysis showed little differerence among the several parts of a tree. But the quantitive difference of following five elemnts was found, Si, Mn, Mg, Ca, and P: the leaf and bark were richer in these elements than in the other parts of a tree. 4.) The contents of inorganic elements of forest soils were found different according to the conditions of the collecting spots. It seems that the contents of inorganic elements in leaves of trees are intimately connected with those of the forest soils. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KuroyanagiShigeru en-aut-sei=Kuroyanagi en-aut-mei=Shigeru kn-aut-name=畔柳鎮 kn-aut-sei=畔柳 kn-aut-mei=鎮 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END