start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=27 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=e70126 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=202506 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Sulphur‐Acquisition Pathways for Cysteine Synthesis Confer a Fitness Advantage to Bacteria in Plant Extracts en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Bacteria and plants are closely associated with human society, in fields such as agriculture, public health, the food industry, and waste disposal. Bacteria have evolved nutrient-utilisation systems adapted to achieve the most efficient growth in their major habitats. However, empirical evidence to support the significance of bacterial nutrient utilisation in adaptation to plants is limited. Therefore, we investigated the genetic and nutritional factors required for bacterial growth in plant extracts by screening an Escherichia coli gene-knockout library in vegetable-based medium. Mutants lacking genes involved in sulphur assimilation, whereby sulphur is transferred from sulphate to cysteine, exhibited negligible growth in vegetable-based medium or plant extracts, owing to the low cysteine levels. The reverse transsulphuration pathway from methionine, another pathway for donating sulphur to cysteine, occurring in bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, also played an important role in growth in plant extracts. These two sulphur-assimilation pathways were more frequently observed in plant-associated than in animal-associated bacteria. Sulphur-acquisition pathways for cysteine synthesis thus play a key role in bacterial growth in plant-derived environments such as plant residues and plant exudates. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IshikawaKazuya en-aut-sei=Ishikawa en-aut-mei=Kazuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamaguchiSaki en-aut-sei=Yamaguchi en-aut-mei=Saki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsukaokaTaketo en-aut-sei=Tsukaoka en-aut-mei=Taketo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsunodaMakoto en-aut-sei=Tsunoda en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=FurutaKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Furuta en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KaitoChikara en-aut-sei=Kaito en-aut-mei=Chikara kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Bacillus subtilis kn-keyword=Bacillus subtilis en-keyword=bacterial nutrient utilisation kn-keyword=bacterial nutrient utilisation en-keyword=cysteine synthesis kn-keyword=cysteine synthesis en-keyword=Escherichia coli kn-keyword=Escherichia coli en-keyword=plant-derived environments kn-keyword=plant-derived environments en-keyword=sulphur acquisition pathway kn-keyword=sulphur acquisition pathway END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=13 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=267 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250122 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=The Abnormal Expression of Tubular SGLT2 and GULT2 in Diabetes Model Mice with Malocclusion-Induced Hyperglycemia en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background: A relationship between malocclusion and the promotion of diabetes has been suggested. In hyperglycemia, the expression of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) and the facilitative glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) is upregulated in proximal tubular cells, leading to an increase in renal glucose reabsorption. The present study aimed to investigate whether malocclusion contributes to diabetic exacerbation. Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice with malocclusion due to cutting molars were investigated based on increased blood glucose levels. PCR and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on diabetic mice kidneys to investigate the expression of SGLT2 and GLUT2. Results: Animal experiments were performed using 32 mice for 21 days. The time to reach a diabetic condition in STZ-administered mice was shorter with malocclusion than without malocclusion. The increase and mean blood glucose levels in STZ-administered mice were steeper and higher with malocclusion than without malocclusion. Urea albumin, BUN, and CRE levels were higher in diabetic mice with malocclusion than in diabetic mice without. Immunoreaction with anti-SGLT2 and anti-GLUT2 in the renal tissue of STZ-administered mice was stronger with malocclusion than without malocclusion. The amounts of SGLT2 and GLUT2 mRNA in the renal tissue in STZ-administered mice were higher with malocclusion than without malocclusion. The amounts of TNF-a and IL-6 mRNA in the large intestinal tissue in STZ-administered mice were higher with malocclusion than without malocclusion. Conclusions: Our results indicate that malocclusion accelerates the tubular expression of SGLT2 and GLUT2 under hyperglycemia. Malocclusion may be a diabetes-exacerbating factor with increased poor glycemic control due to shortened occlusion time resulting from swallowing food without chewing. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KajiwaraKoichiro en-aut-sei=Kajiwara en-aut-mei=Koichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TamaokiSachio en-aut-sei=Tamaoki en-aut-mei=Sachio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SawaYoshihiko en-aut-sei=Sawa en-aut-mei=Yoshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Oral Function & Anatomy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=malocclusion kn-keyword=malocclusion en-keyword= hyperglycemia kn-keyword= hyperglycemia en-keyword= SGLT2 kn-keyword= SGLT2 en-keyword= GLUT2 kn-keyword= GLUT2 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=234 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=125 end-page=132 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250301 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Mitochondrial content and mtDNA copy number in spermatozoa and penetrability into oocytes en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The current narrative review aims to summarize the relation of mitochondrial content (MC) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (MDCN) in spermatozoa with sperm penetrability, and to discuss the various determining factors during the process of spermatogenesis in mammals. There are many potential factors associated with the quantitative alteration of MC and MDCN in male gametes from spermatogenesis to ejaculation. Particularly, spermatogenesis may be the first step to jointly contribute to an incomplete reduction of MC and MDCN in spermatozoon. It appears to be now quite clear that some abnormalities during spermatogenesis and oxidative stress are the main factors highly associated with the quantitative change of MC and MDCN in spermatozoa, consequently affecting sperm quality and their penetrability into oocytes. Currently, a series of proteins contributing to form sperm midpiece during spermatogenesis and cytoplasmic elimination during spermiation have been currently identified. The present review provides insight into how these factors interact with sperm MC and MDCN, and handholds to gain a better understanding of their roles. This review also highlights the uniqueness of normal fertile spermatozoa which have relatively lower MC and MDCN, but have mitochondria that function completely in multiple pivotal physiological pathways. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NguyenHai Thanh en-aut-sei=Nguyen en-aut-mei=Hai Thanh kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=DoSon Quang en-aut-sei=Do en-aut-mei=Son Quang kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=WakaiTakuya en-aut-sei=Wakai en-aut-mei=Takuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FunahashiHiroaki en-aut-sei=Funahashi en-aut-mei=Hiroaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Spermatozoa kn-keyword=Spermatozoa en-keyword=Mitochondria kn-keyword=Mitochondria en-keyword=Mitochondrial DNA kn-keyword=Mitochondrial DNA en-keyword=Penetrability kn-keyword=Penetrability en-keyword=Spermatogenesis kn-keyword=Spermatogenesis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=228 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=30 end-page=36 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20241015 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Exogenous expression of PGC-1α during in vitro maturation impairs the developmental competence of porcine oocytes en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Objectives of the current study were to examine the effects of exogenous expression of PGC-1α, which is a transcription factor responsive for controlling mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication, mitochondria quantity control, mitochondrial biogenesis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) maintenance, in porcine oocytes during in-vitro maturation (IVM) on the developmental competence, as well as mitochondrial quantity and function. Exogenous over-expression of PGC-1α by injection of the mRNA construct into oocytes 20 h after the start of IVM culture significantly increased the copy number of mtDNA in the oocytes, but reduced the incidences of oocytes matured to the metaphase-II stage after the IVM culture for totally 44 h and completely suppressed the early development in vitro to the blastocyst stage following parthenogenetic activation. The exogenous expression of PGC-1α also significantly induced spindle defects and chromosome misalignments. Furthermore, markedly higher ROS levels were observed in the PGC-1α-overexpressed mature oocytes, whereas mRNA level of SOD1, encoded for a ROS scavenging enzyme, was decreased. These results conclude that forced expression of PGC-1α successfully increase mtDNA copy number but led to increased ROS production, evidently by downregulation of SOD1 gene expression, inducement of spindle aberration/chromosomal misalignment, and consequently reduction in the meiotic and developmental competences of porcine oocytes. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=DoSon Quang en-aut-sei=Do en-aut-mei=Son Quang kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NguyenHai Thanh en-aut-sei=Nguyen en-aut-mei=Hai Thanh kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=WakaiTakuya en-aut-sei=Wakai en-aut-mei=Takuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FunahashiHiroaki en-aut-sei=Funahashi en-aut-mei=Hiroaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Porcine kn-keyword=Porcine en-keyword=Mitochondria kn-keyword=Mitochondria en-keyword=Oocytes kn-keyword=Oocytes en-keyword=PGC-1 alpha kn-keyword=PGC-1 alpha en-keyword=In vitro maturation kn-keyword=In vitro maturation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=78 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=401 end-page=405 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=202410 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Pediatric Severe Febrile Thrombocytopenia Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Severe febrile thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne infectious disease that is endemic in parts of eastern Asia. Few pediatric cases have been reported. We describe a case of SFTS in a seven-year-old girl who presented with prolonged fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia on hematology, and a history of outdoor activity led us to diagnose SFTS, although the patient had no tick bite marks. We also review the literature and discuss the characteristics of pediatric SFTS. Physicians should consider SFTS in the differential diagnosis of fever with thrombocytopenia in children living in endemic areas. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ToyotaYusuke en-aut-sei=Toyota en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=UdaKazuhiro en-aut-sei=Uda en-aut-mei=Kazuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShirabeKomei en-aut-sei=Shirabe en-aut-mei=Komei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriwakeTadashi en-aut-sei=Moriwake en-aut-mei=Tadashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Pediatrics, NHO Iwakuni Clinical Center kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Pediatrics, NHO Iwakuni Clinical Center kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Pediatrics, NHO Iwakuni Clinical Center kn-affil= en-keyword=child kn-keyword=child en-keyword=tick-borne disease kn-keyword=tick-borne disease en-keyword=severe febrile thrombocytopenia syndrome kn-keyword=severe febrile thrombocytopenia syndrome en-keyword=zoonoses kn-keyword=zoonoses END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=78 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=387 end-page=399 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=202410 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effect of Radon Inhalation on Murine Brain Proteins: Investigation Using Proteomic and Multivariate Analyses en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Radon is a known risk factor for lung cancer; however, it can be used beneficially, such as in radon therapy. We have previously reported the enhancement of antioxidant effects associated with trace amounts of oxidative stress as one of the positive biological effects of radon inhalation. However, the biological effects of radon inhalation are incompletely understood, and more detailed and comprehensive studies are required. Although several studies have used proteomics to investigate the effects of radon inhalation on body proteins, none has focused on brain proteins. In this study, we evaluated the expression status of proteins in murine brains using proteomic and multivariate analyses to identify those whose expressions changed following two days of radon inhalation at a concentration of 1,500 Bq/m3. We found associations of radon inhalation with the expressions of seven proteins related to neurotransmission and heat shock. These proteins may be proposed as biomarkers indicative of radon inhalation. Although further studies are required to obtain the detailed biological significance of these protein alterations, this study contributes to the elucidation of the biological effects of radon inhalation as a low-dose radiation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NaoeShota en-aut-sei=Naoe en-aut-mei=Shota kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaAyumi en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Ayumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanzakiNorie en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Norie kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakenakaReiju en-aut-sei=Takenaka en-aut-mei=Reiju kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakodaAkihiro en-aut-sei=Sakoda en-aut-mei=Akihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyajiTakaaki en-aut-sei=Miyaji en-aut-mei=Takaaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamaokaKiyonori en-aut-sei=Yamaoka en-aut-mei=Kiyonori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KataokaTakahiro en-aut-sei=Kataoka en-aut-mei=Takahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=radon inhalation kn-keyword=radon inhalation en-keyword=proteomics kn-keyword=proteomics en-keyword=multivariate analysis kn-keyword=multivariate analysis en-keyword=brain kn-keyword=brain en-keyword=oxidative stress kn-keyword=oxidative stress END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=21 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=464 end-page=473 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240827 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Terrein Exhibits Anti-tumor Activity by Suppressing Angiogenin Expression in Malignant Melanoma Cells en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background/Aim: Malignant melanoma is a tumor with a poor prognosis that can metastasize distally at an early stage. Terrein, a metabolite produced by Aspergillus terreus, suppresses the expression of angiogenin, an angiogenic factor. However, the pharmacological effects of natural terrein have not been elucidated, because only a small amount of terrein can be extracted from large fungal cultures. In this study, we investigated the antineoplastic effects of terrein on human malignant melanoma cells and its underlying mechanisms. Materials and methods: Human malignant melanoma cell lines were cultured in the presence of terrein and analyzed. Angiogenin production was evaluated using ELISA. Ribosome biosynthesis was evaluated using silver staining of the nucleolar organizer region. Intracellular signaling pathways were analyzed using western blotting. Malignant melanoma cells were transplanted subcutaneously into the backs of nude mice. The tumors were removed at 5 weeks and analyzed histopathologically. Results: Terrein inhibited angiogenin expression, proliferation, migration, invasion, and ribosome biosynthesis in malignant melanoma cells. Terrein was shown to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in animal models. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that terrein has anti-tumor effects against malignant melanoma. Furthermore, chemically synthesized non-natural terrein can be mass-produced and serve as a novel potential anti-tumor drug candidate. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HIROSETAIRA en-aut-sei=HIROSE en-aut-mei=TAIRA kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KUNISADAYUKI en-aut-sei=KUNISADA en-aut-mei=YUKI kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KADOYAKOICHI en-aut-sei=KADOYA en-aut-mei=KOICHI kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MANDAIHIROKI en-aut-sei=MANDAI en-aut-mei=HIROKI kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SAKAMOTOYUMI en-aut-sei=SAKAMOTO en-aut-mei=YUMI kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=OBATAKYOICHI en-aut-sei=OBATA en-aut-mei=KYOICHI kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ONOKISHO en-aut-sei=ONO en-aut-mei=KISHO kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TAKAKURAHIROAKI en-aut-sei=TAKAKURA en-aut-mei=HIROAKI kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=OMORIKAZUHIRO en-aut-sei=OMORI en-aut-mei=KAZUHIRO kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=TAKASHIBASHOGO en-aut-sei=TAKASHIBA en-aut-mei=SHOGO kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=SUGASEIJI en-aut-sei=SUGA en-aut-mei=SEIJI kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=IBARAGISOICHIRO en-aut-sei=IBARAGI en-aut-mei=SOICHIRO kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Sciences and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=Head and neck cancer kn-keyword=Head and neck cancer en-keyword=oral cancer kn-keyword=oral cancer en-keyword=malignant melanoma kn-keyword=malignant melanoma en-keyword=angiogenin kn-keyword=angiogenin en-keyword=terrein kn-keyword=terrein END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=39 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=463 end-page=483 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A Detailed Re-Examination of the Period Gene Rescue Experiments Shows That Four to Six Cryptochrome-Positive Posterior Dorsal Clock Neurons (DN1p) of Drosophila melanogaster Can Control Morning and Evening Activity en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Animal circadian clocks play a crucial role in regulating behavioral adaptations to daily environmental changes. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster exhibits 2 prominent peaks of activity in the morning and evening, known as morning (M) and evening (E) peaks. These peaks are controlled by 2 distinct circadian oscillators located in separate groups of clock neurons in the brain. To investigate the clock neurons responsible for the M and E peaks, a cell-specific gene expression system, the GAL4-UAS system, has been commonly employed. In this study, we re-examined the two-oscillator model for the M and E peaks of Drosophila by utilizing more than 50 Gal4 lines in conjunction with the UAS-period16 line, which enables the restoration of the clock function in specific cells in the period (per) null mutant background. Previous studies have indicated that the group of small ventrolateral neurons (s-LNv) is responsible for controlling the M peak, while the other group, consisting of the 5th ventrolateral neuron (5th LNv) and the three cryptochrome (CRY)-positive dorsolateral neurons (LNd), is responsible for the E peak. Furthermore, the group of posterior dorsal neurons 1 (DN1p) is thought to also contain M and E oscillators. In this study, we found that Gal4 lines directed at the same clock neuron groups can lead to different results, underscoring the fact that activity patterns are influenced by many factors. Nevertheless, we were able to confirm previous findings that the entire network of circadian clock neurons controls M and E peaks, with the lateral neurons playing a dominant role. In addition, we demonstrate that 4 to 6 CRY-positive DN1p cells are sufficient to generate M and E peaks in light-dark cycles and complex free-running rhythms in constant darkness. Ultimately, our detailed screening could serve as a catalog to choose the best Gal4 lines that can be used to rescue per in specific clock neurons. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SekiguchiManabu en-aut-sei=Sekiguchi en-aut-mei=Manabu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ReinhardNils en-aut-sei=Reinhard en-aut-mei=Nils kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukudaAyumi en-aut-sei=Fukuda en-aut-mei=Ayumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatohShun en-aut-sei=Katoh en-aut-mei=Shun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=RiegerDirk en-aut-sei=Rieger en-aut-mei=Dirk kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=Helfrich-FörsterCharlotte en-aut-sei=Helfrich-Förster en-aut-mei=Charlotte kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshiiTaishi en-aut-sei=Yoshii en-aut-mei=Taishi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=period kn-keyword=period en-keyword=GAL4-UAS kn-keyword=GAL4-UAS en-keyword=clock neuron kn-keyword=clock neuron en-keyword=activity rhythm kn-keyword=activity rhythm en-keyword=two-oscillator model kn-keyword=two-oscillator model END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=78 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=259 end-page=270 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=202406 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=The Role of the Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress in Fatigue, Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of the lipid profile, dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein, ischaemia-modified albumin and thiol–disulfide homeostasis with cognitive impairment, fatigue and sleep disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis. The cognitive functions of patients were evaluated with the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis battery. Fatigue was evaluated with the Fatigue Severity Scale and the Fatigue Impact Scale. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used to assess patients’ sleep disturbance. Peripheral blood samples were collected, and lipid levels and myeloperoxidase and paraoxonase activity were measured. The myeloperoxidase/paraoxonase ratio, which indicates dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein, was calculated. Thiol–disulfide homeostasis and ischaemia-modified albumin were measured.
We did not identify any relationship between dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein and the physical disability, cognitive decline, fatigue and sleep problems of multiple sclerosis. Thiol–disulfide homeostasis was associated with cognitive scores. The shift of the balance towards disulfide was accompanied by a decrease in cognitive scores. On the other hand, we did not detect any relationship between fatigue and sleep disorders and thiol–disulfide homeostasis. Our findings revealed a possible correlation between cognitive dysfunction and thiol–disulfide homeostasis in multiple sclerosis patients. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=VuralGonul en-aut-sei=Vural en-aut-mei=Gonul kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=DemirEsra en-aut-sei=Demir en-aut-mei=Esra kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=GumusyaylaSadiye en-aut-sei=Gumusyayla en-aut-mei=Sadiye kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ErenFunda en-aut-sei=Eren en-aut-mei=Funda kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=BarakliSerdar en-aut-sei=Barakli en-aut-mei=Serdar kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NeseliogluSalim en-aut-sei=Neselioglu en-aut-mei=Salim kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ErelOzcan en-aut-sei=Erel en-aut-mei=Ozcan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Ankara City Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Ankara City Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=multiple sclerosis kn-keyword=multiple sclerosis en-keyword=dysfunctional HDL kn-keyword=dysfunctional HDL en-keyword=thiol–disulfide homeostasis kn-keyword=thiol–disulfide homeostasis en-keyword=cognitive decline kn-keyword=cognitive decline END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=78 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=135 end-page=142 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=202404 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Photon-Counting Detector CT: Potential for 75% Reduction in Contrast Medium Amount: A Phantom Study en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This study aimed to evaluate the potential reduction in contrast medium utilization using photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT). One PCD-CT scan (CT1) and three conventional (non-PCD-CT) CT scans (CT2-CT4) were performed using a multi-energy CT phantom that contained eight rods with different iodine concentrations (0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/ml). The CT values of the seven groups (CT1 for 40, 50, 60, and 70 keV; and CT2-4) were measured. Noise and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were assessed for the eight rods at various iodine concentrations. CT2 and CT1 (40 keV) respectively required 20 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml of iodine, indicating that a comparable contrast effect could be obtained with approximately one-fourth of the contrast medium amount. The standard deviation values increased at lower energy levels irrespective of the iodine concentration. The CNR exhibited a decreasing trend with lower iodine concentrations, while it remained relatively stable across all iodine levels (40-70 keV). This study demonstrated that virtual monochromatic 40 keV images offer a similar contrast effect with a reduced contrast medium amount when compared to conventional CT systems at 120 kV. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HigakiFumiyo en-aut-sei=Higaki en-aut-mei=Fumiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorimitsuYusuke en-aut-sei=Morimitsu en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=IguchiToshihiro en-aut-sei=Iguchi en-aut-mei=Toshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SaitoHayato en-aut-sei=Saito en-aut-mei=Hayato kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakakiHaruhiko en-aut-sei=Takaki en-aut-mei=Haruhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakagoshiAyako en-aut-sei=Nakagoshi en-aut-mei=Ayako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=WadaMaki en-aut-sei=Wada en-aut-mei=Maki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=UkaMayu en-aut-sei=Uka en-aut-mei=Mayu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkagiNoriaki en-aut-sei=Akagi en-aut-mei=Noriaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MitsuhashiToshiharu en-aut-sei=Mitsuhashi en-aut-mei=Toshiharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuiYusuke en-aut-sei=Matsui en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirakiTakao en-aut-sei=Hiraki en-aut-mei=Takao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Okayama University Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Okayama University Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Okayama University Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Okayama University Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=photon-counting detector CT kn-keyword=photon-counting detector CT en-keyword=energy integrating detector CT kn-keyword=energy integrating detector CT en-keyword=computed tomography kn-keyword=computed tomography en-keyword=contrast medium amount kn-keyword=contrast medium amount en-keyword=reduction kn-keyword=reduction END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=19 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=e0296408 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240105 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Aromatic oil from lavender as an atopic dermatitis suppressant en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In atopic dermatitis (AD), nerves are abnormally stretched near the surface of the skin, making it sensitive to itching. Expression of neurotrophic factor Artemin (ARTN) involved in such nerve stretching is induced by the xenobiotic response (XRE) to air pollutants and UV radiation products. Therefore, AD can be monitored by the XRE response. Previously, we established a human keratinocyte cell line stably expressing a NanoLuc reporter gene downstream of XRE. We found that 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), a tryptophan metabolite and known inducer of the XRE, increased reporter and Artemin mRNA expression, indicating that FICZ-treated cells could be a model for AD. Lavender essential oil has been used in folk medicine to treat AD, but the scientific basis for its use is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of lavender essential oil and its major components, linalyl acetate and linalool, to suppress AD and sensitize skin using the established AD model cell line, and keratinocyte and dendritic cell activation assays. Our results indicated that lavender essential oil from L. angustifolia and linalyl acetate exerted a strong AD inhibitory effect and almost no skin sensitization. Our model is useful in that it can circumvent the practice of using animal studies to evaluate AD medicines. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatoHaruna en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Haruna kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatoKosuke en-aut-sei=Kato en-aut-mei=Kosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KoreishiMayuko en-aut-sei=Koreishi en-aut-mei=Mayuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakamuraYoshimasa en-aut-sei=Nakamura en-aut-mei=Yoshimasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsujinoYoshio en-aut-sei=Tsujino en-aut-mei=Yoshio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatohAyano en-aut-sei=Satoh en-aut-mei=Ayano kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Kobe University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=77 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=595 end-page=605 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=202312 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Concomitant Use of Multiple Nephrotoxins including Renal Hypoperfusion Medications Causes Vancomycin-Associated Nephrotoxicity: Combined Retrospective Analyses of Two Real-World Databases en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=There is a growing concern about the relationship between vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity (VAN) and concomitant use of nephrotoxins. We examined this relationship by combined retrospective analyses of two real-world databases. Initially, the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) was analyzed for the effects of concomitant use of one or more nephrotoxins on VAN and the types of combinations of nephrotoxins that exacerbate VAN. Next, electronic medical records (EMRs) of patients who received vancomycin (VCM) at Tokushima University Hospital between January 2006 and March 2019 were examined to confirm the FAERS analysis. An elevated reporting odds ratio (ROR) was observed with increases in the number of nephrotoxins administered (VCM + one nephrotoxin, adjusted ROR (95% confidence interval [CI]) 1.67 [1.51-1.85]; VCM + ≥2 nephrotoxins, adjusted ROR [95% CI] 1.54 [1.37-1.73]) in FAERS. EMRs analysis showed that the number of nephrotoxins was associated with higher incidences of VAN [odds ratio: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.42-2.78]. Overall, concomitant use of nephrotoxins was associated with an increased incidence of VAN, especially when at least one of those nephrotoxins was a renal hypoperfusion medication (furosemide, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and vasopressors). The concomitant use of multiple nephrotoxins, especially including renal hypoperfusion medication, should be avoided to prevent VAN. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=BandoTakashi en-aut-sei=Bando en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChumaMasayuki en-aut-sei=Chuma en-aut-mei=Masayuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamanoHirofumi en-aut-sei=Hamano en-aut-mei=Hirofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NiimuraTakahiro en-aut-sei=Niimura en-aut-mei=Takahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaNaoto en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Naoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoMasateru en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Masateru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=IzumiYuki en-aut-sei=Izumi en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshidaShunsuke en-aut-sei=Ishida en-aut-mei=Shunsuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshiokaToshihiko en-aut-sei=Yoshioka en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=AsadaMizuho en-aut-sei=Asada en-aut-mei=Mizuho kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZamamiYoshito en-aut-sei=Zamami en-aut-mei=Yoshito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakechiKenshi en-aut-sei=Takechi en-aut-mei=Kenshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=GodaMitsuhiro en-aut-sei=Goda en-aut-mei=Mitsuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyataKoji en-aut-sei=Miyata en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=YagiKenta en-aut-sei=Yagi en-aut-mei=Kenta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=Izawa-IshizawaYuki en-aut-sei=Izawa-Ishizawa en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= en-aut-name=AzumaMomoyo en-aut-sei=Azuma en-aut-mei=Momoyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=17 ORCID= en-aut-name=YanagawaHiroaki en-aut-sei=Yanagawa en-aut-mei=Hiroaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=18 ORCID= en-aut-name=TasakiYoshikazu en-aut-sei=Tasaki en-aut-mei=Yoshikazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=19 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshizawaKeisuke en-aut-sei=Ishizawa en-aut-mei=Keisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=20 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Clinical Research Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Clinical Research Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Medical Molecular Informatics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Drug Information Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Clinical Research Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=16 en-affil=Department of Pharmacology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=17 en-affil=Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Tokushima University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=18 en-affil=Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Tokushima Bunri University kn-affil= affil-num=19 en-affil=Department of Hospital Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University kn-affil= affil-num=20 en-affil=Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity kn-keyword=vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity en-keyword=polypharmacy kn-keyword=polypharmacy en-keyword=nephrotoxin kn-keyword=nephrotoxin en-keyword=spontaneous adverse event reporting database kn-keyword=spontaneous adverse event reporting database en-keyword=electronic medical records kn-keyword=electronic medical records END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=291 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=1119 end-page=1130 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20231020 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Hepatitis C virus NS5B triggers an MDA5-mediated innate immune response by producing dsRNA without the replication of viral genomes en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=During the replication of viral genomes, RNA viruses produce double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), through the activity of their RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) as viral replication intermediates. Recognition of viral dsRNA by host pattern recognition receptors – such as retinoic acid-induced gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors and Toll-like receptor 3 – triggers the production of interferon (IFN)-β via the activation of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-3. It has been proposed that, during the replication of viral genomes, each of RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) form homodimers for the efficient activation of a downstream signalling pathway in host cells. We previously reported that, in the non-neoplastic human hepatocyte line PH5CH8, the RdRp NS5B derived from hepatitis C virus (HCV) could induce IFN-β expression by its RdRp activity without the actual replication of viral genomes. However, the exact mechanism by which HCV NS5B produced IFN-β remained unknown. In the present study, we first showed that NS5B derived from another Flaviviridae family member, GB virus B (GBV-B), also possessed the ability to induce IFN-β in PH5CH8 cells. Similarly, HCV NS5B, but not its G317V mutant, which lacks RdRp activity, induced the dimerization of MDA5 and subsequently the activation of IRF-3. Interestingly, immunofluorescence analysis showed that HCV NS5B produced dsRNA. Like HCV NS5B, GBV-B NS5B also triggered the production of dsRNA and subsequently the dimerization of MDA5. Taken together, our results show that HCV NS5B triggers an MDA5-mediated innate immune response by producing dsRNA without the replication of viral genomes in human hepatocytes. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=DansakoHiromichi en-aut-sei=Dansako en-aut-mei=Hiromichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IkedaMasanori en-aut-sei=Ikeda en-aut-mei=Masanori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=AriumiYasuo en-aut-sei=Ariumi en-aut-mei=Yasuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TogashiYosuke en-aut-sei=Togashi en-aut-mei=Yosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatoNobuyuki en-aut-sei=Kato en-aut-mei=Nobuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Tumor Microenvironment, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Division of Biological Information Technology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal, and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Tumor Microenvironment, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Tumor Microenvironment, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=double-stranded RNA kn-keyword=double-stranded RNA en-keyword=hepatitis C virus kn-keyword=hepatitis C virus en-keyword=innate immunity kn-keyword=innate immunity en-keyword=RIG-I-like receptor kn-keyword=RIG-I-like receptor en-keyword=RNA virus kn-keyword=RNA virus END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=77 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=537 end-page=543 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=202310 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Relationship of Intraoperative SpO2 and ETCO2 Values with Postoperative Hypoxemia in Elderly Patients after Non-Cardiac Surgery en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Elderly patients are at higher risk of postoperative hypoxemia due to their decreased respiratory function. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of intraoperative oxygen saturation (SpO2) and end-expiratory carbon dioxide (ETCO2) values with postoperative hypoxemia in elderly patients. The inclusion criteria were: 1) patients aged≥75 years; 2) underwent general anesthesia in non-cardiac surgery; 3) operative time longer than two hours; and 4) admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) following surgery performed between January and December 2019. Intraoperative SpO2 and ETCO2 values were collected every minute for the first two hours during surgery. The 253 patients were divided into two groups: SpO2≥92% and SpO2<92%. The time-weighted averages of intraoperative SpO2 and ETCO2 were used to compare differences between the two groups. The incidence of postoperative hypoxemia was 22.5%. For similar ventilator settings, patients with postoperative hypoxemia had lower intraoperative SpO2 and higher ETCO2 values. Sex, ASA classification, and intraoperative SpO2 were independent risk factors for postoperative hypoxemia. In conclusion, postoperative SpO2<92% was a frequent occurrence (> 20%) in elderly patients who underwent major non-cardiac surgery. Postoperative hypoxemia was associated with low intraoperative SpO2 and relatively higher ETCO2. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SongQingqing en-aut-sei=Song en-aut-mei=Qingqing kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=PanYu en-aut-sei=Pan en-aut-mei=Yu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanazawaTomoyuki en-aut-sei=Kanazawa en-aut-mei=Tomoyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorimatsuHiroshi en-aut-sei=Morimatsu en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=oxygen saturation kn-keyword=oxygen saturation en-keyword=end-expiratory carbon dioxide kn-keyword=end-expiratory carbon dioxide en-keyword=postoperative hypoxemia kn-keyword=postoperative hypoxemia END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=16 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=3 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20211108 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Evaluation of skin sensitization based on interleukin‑2 promoter activation in Jurkat cells en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Skin sensitization is an allergic reaction caused by certain chemical substances, and is an important factor to be taken into consideration when evaluating the safety of numerous types of products. Although animal testing has long been used to evaluate skin sensitization, the recent trend to regulate such testing has led to the development and use of alternative methods. Skin sensitization reactions are summarized in the form of an adverse outcome pathway consisting of four key events (KE), including covalent binding to skin proteins (KE1), keratinocyte activation (KE2), and dendritic cell activation (KE3). Equivalent alternative methods have been developed for KE1 to KE3, but no valid alternative has yet been developed for the evaluation of KE4 and T‑cell activation. Current alternative methods rely on data from KE1 to KE3 to predict the effect of chemicals on skin sensitization. The addition of KE4 data is expected to improve the accuracy and reproducibility of such predictions. The aim of this study was to establish an assay to evaluate KE4 T‑cell activation to supplement data on skin sensitization related to KE4. To evaluate T‑cell activation, the Jurkat T‑cell line stably expressing luciferase downstream of the pro‑inflammatory cytokine interleukin‑2 promoter was used. After exposure to known skin sensitizing agents and control substances, luciferase activity measurements revealed that this assay was valid for evaluating skin sensitization. However, two skin sensitizers known to have immunosuppressive effects on T‑cells reacted negatively in this assay. The results revealed that this assay simultaneously allows for monitoring of the skin sensitization and immuno‑suppressiveness of chemical substances and supplements KE4 T‑cell activation data, and may thus contribute to reducing the use of animal experiments. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NagahataTaichi en-aut-sei=Nagahata en-aut-mei=Taichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsujinoYoshio en-aut-sei=Tsujino en-aut-mei=Yoshio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakayamaEiji en-aut-sei=Takayama en-aut-mei=Eiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HikasaHaruka en-aut-sei=Hikasa en-aut-mei=Haruka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatohAyano en-aut-sei=Satoh en-aut-mei=Ayano kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=skin sensitization kn-keyword=skin sensitization en-keyword=immunotoxicity kn-keyword=immunotoxicity en-keyword=interleukin-2 promoter kn-keyword=interleukin-2 promoter en-keyword=Jurkat kn-keyword=Jurkat en-keyword=T-cell activation kn-keyword=T-cell activation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=42 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=71 end-page=75 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230913 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Aggregation pheromone interrupts death feigning in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Death feigning is a behavior in which a prey is rendered motionless due to stimulation or threat by a predator. This anti-predator defense mechanism has been observed across a wide range of animal taxa and is considered adaptive. However, long durations of death feigning can decrease opportunities for feeding and reproduction, and therefore is a fitness cost as compared to environments without predators. Because death feigning is thought to be affected by the balance between survival and other fitness costs, selection pressure may drive individuals who are capable of plastic changes in the intensity of death feigning. Pheromones, which are important semiochemicals that affect foraging and reproductive success, may be one of the factors influencing the intensity of death-feigning behavior. In this study, we investigated the effect of an aggregation pheromone on the death-feigning behavior of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. We found that beetles exposed to the pheromone showed a significantly shorter duration of death feigning than beetles that were not exposed to the pheromone. Therefore, our results suggest that an aggregation pheromone can plasticly alter the death-feigning behavior in T. castaneum. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IshikawaMotoya en-aut-sei=Ishikawa en-aut-mei=Motoya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumuraKentarou en-aut-sei=Matsumura en-aut-mei=Kentarou kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyatakeTakahisa en-aut-sei=Miyatake en-aut-mei=Takahisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Anti-predator strategies kn-keyword=Anti-predator strategies en-keyword=Death feigning kn-keyword=Death feigning en-keyword=Aggregation pheromone kn-keyword=Aggregation pheromone en-keyword=Sexual selection kn-keyword=Sexual selection en-keyword=Tribolium castaneum kn-keyword=Tribolium castaneum END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=32 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230824 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Human Cord Blood-Endothelial Progenitor Cells Alleviate Intimal Hyperplasia of Arterial Damage in a Rat Stroke Model en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Human cord blood-endothelial progenitor cells (hCB-EPCs) isolated from the human umbilical cord can be used to repair damaged arteries. In this study, we used an animal model with pathological changes that mimics artery wall damage caused by stent retrievers in humans. We injected hCB-EPCs to investigate their effect on endothelial hyperplasia and dysfunction during intimal repair. Four groups were established based on the length of reperfusion (3 and 28 days), as well as the presence or absence of hCB-EPC therapy. Damage to the internal carotid artery was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Stroke volume was not significantly different between non-EPC and EPC groups although EPC treatment alleviated intimal hyperplasia 28 days after intimal damage. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and eNOS expression were significantly higher in the EPC-treated group than in the non-EPC group 3 days after intimal damage. In addition, MMP9 and 4HNE expression in the EPC-treated group was significantly lower than in the non-EPC group. Ultimately, this study found that venous transplantation of hCB-EPCs could inhibit neointimal hyperplasia, alleviate endothelial dysfunction, suppress intimal inflammation, and reduce oxidative stress during healing of intimal damage. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SunHongming en-aut-sei=Sun en-aut-mei=Hongming kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriharaRyuta en-aut-sei=Morihara en-aut-mei=Ryuta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FengTian en-aut-sei=Feng en-aut-mei=Tian kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=BianZhihong en-aut-sei=Bian en-aut-mei=Zhihong kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YuHaibo en-aut-sei=Yu en-aut-mei=Haibo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HuXiao en-aut-sei=Hu en-aut-mei=Xiao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=HuXinran en-aut-sei=Hu en-aut-mei=Xinran kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=BianYuting en-aut-sei=Bian en-aut-mei=Yuting kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SasakiRyo en-aut-sei=Sasaki en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukuiYusuke en-aut-sei=Fukui en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakemotoMami en-aut-sei=Takemoto en-aut-mei=Mami kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=YunokiTaijun en-aut-sei=Yunoki en-aut-mei=Taijun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakanoYumiko en-aut-sei=Nakano en-aut-mei=Yumiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=AbeKoji en-aut-sei=Abe en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamashitaToru en-aut-sei=Yamashita en-aut-mei=Toru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=ischemic stroke kn-keyword=ischemic stroke en-keyword=human cord blood-endothelial progenitor cells kn-keyword=human cord blood-endothelial progenitor cells en-keyword=mechanical thrombectomy kn-keyword=mechanical thrombectomy en-keyword=intimal hyperplasia kn-keyword=intimal hyperplasia END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=68 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=254 end-page=261 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=2022 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Evaluation of bovine uterine gland functions in 2D and 3D culture system en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In ruminants, uterine glands play key roles in the establishment of pregnancy by secreting various factors into the uterine lumen. Although a three-dimensional (3D) culture system has been used for investigating cellular functions in vitro, the detailed functions of uterine gland have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the benefits of 3D culture system to examine the innate functions of bovine uterine glands. Isolated bovine uterine glands were cultured on Matrigel (2D) or in Matrigel (3D), respectively, and the mRNA levels of secreted proteins (SERPINA14, MEP1B, APOA1, ARSA, CTGF, and SPP1) were measured in isolated and cultured uterine glands. The protein expression of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and progesterone receptor (PR) and the establishment of apico-basal polarity were examined. In isolated uterine glands, the mRNA levels of secreted proteins changed during the estrous cycle. Although uterine glands cultured in both 2D and 3D expressed ERβ and PR, progesterone did not affect SERPINA14 mRNA expression. The expression of APOA1 mRNA in 2D cultured uterine glands did not respond to estrogen and progesterone. Additionally, the mRNA levels of secreted proteins in the 3D culture system were significantly higher than those in the 2D culture system, which might be attributed to the different cellular morphology between them. The locations of ZO-1 and β-catenin in 2D cultured uterine glands were disordered compared with 3D cultured uterine glands. These results showed that the hormonal responsiveness of secreted factor expression and cellular morphology were different between 2D and 3D cultured bovine uterine glands. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SUGINOYosuke en-aut-sei=SUGINO en-aut-mei=Yosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SATOTaiki en-aut-sei=SATO en-aut-mei=Taiki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YAMAMOTOYuki en-aut-sei=YAMAMOTO en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KIMURAKoji en-aut-sei=KIMURA en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Bovine kn-keyword=Bovine en-keyword=Secreted proteins kn-keyword=Secreted proteins en-keyword=Three-dimensional culture kn-keyword=Three-dimensional culture en-keyword=Uterine glands kn-keyword=Uterine glands END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=45 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=5263 end-page=5275 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230621 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Update in Molecular Aspects and Diagnosis of Autoimmune Gastritis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of autoimmune gastritis, particularly its molecular aspects. The most noteworthy recent advancement lies in the identification of several candidate genes implicated in the pathogenesis of pernicious anemia through genome-wide association studies. These genes include PTPN22, PNPT1, HLA-DQB1, and IL2RA. Recent studies have also directed attention towards other genes such as ATP4A, ATP4B, AIRE, SLC26A7, SLC26A9, and BACH2 polymorphism. In-depth investigations have been conducted on lymphocytes and cytokines, including T helper 17 cells, interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17E, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-19, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-15, transforming growth factor-β1, IL-13, and diminished levels of IL-27. Animal studies have explored the involvement of roseolovirus and H. pylori in relation to the onset of the disease and the process of carcinogenesis, respectively. Recent studies have comprehensively examined the involvement of autoantibodies, serum pepsinogen, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis. The current focus lies on individuals demonstrating atypical presentations of the disease, including those diagnosed in childhood, those yielding negative results for autoantibodies, and those lacking the typical endoscopic characteristics of mucosal atrophy. Here, we discuss the recent developments in this field, focusing on genetic predisposition, epigenetic modifications, lymphocytes, cytokines, oxidative stress, infectious agents, proteins, microRNAs, autoantibodies, serum pepsinogen, gastrin, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and microscopic findings, and the risk of gastric neoplasm. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IwamuroMasaya en-aut-sei=Iwamuro en-aut-mei=Masaya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtsukaMotoyuki en-aut-sei=Otsuka en-aut-mei=Motoyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=autoimmune gastritis kn-keyword=autoimmune gastritis en-keyword=esophagogastroduodenoscopy kn-keyword=esophagogastroduodenoscopy en-keyword=genetic predisposition kn-keyword=genetic predisposition en-keyword=lymphocyte kn-keyword=lymphocyte en-keyword=oxidative stress kn-keyword=oxidative stress END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=40 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=284 end-page=299 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=2023214 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Pigment-dispersing factor and CCHamide1 in the Drosophila circadian clock network en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Animals possess a circadian central clock in the brain, where circadian behavioural rhythms are generated. In the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), the central clock comprises a network of approximately 150 clock neurons, which is important for the maintenance of a coherent and robust rhythm. Several neuropeptides involved in the network have been identified, including Pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) and CCHamide1 (CCHa1) neuropeptides. PDF signals bidirectionally to CCHa1-positive clock neurons; thus, the clock neuron groups expressing PDF and CCHa1 interact reciprocally. However, the role of these interactions in molecular and behavioural rhythms remains elusive. In this study, we generated Pdf (01) and CCHa1(SK8) double mutants and examined their locomotor activity-related rhythms. The single mutants of Pdf (01) or CCHa1(SK8) displayed free-running rhythms under constant dark conditions, whereas approximately 98% of the double mutants were arrhythmic. In light-dark conditions, the evening activity of the double mutants was phase-advanced compared with that of the single mutants. In contrast, both the single and double mutants had diminished morning activity. These results suggest that the effects of the double mutation varied in behavioural parameters. The double and triple mutants of per (01), Pdf (01), and CCHa1(SK8) further revealed that PDF signalling plays a role in the suppression of activity during the daytime under a clock-less background. Our results provide insights into the interactions between PDF and CCHa1 signalling and their roles in activity rhythms. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KuwanoRiko en-aut-sei=Kuwano en-aut-mei=Riko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatsuraMaki en-aut-sei=Katsura en-aut-mei=Maki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=IwataMai en-aut-sei=Iwata en-aut-mei=Mai kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YokosakoTatsuya en-aut-sei=Yokosako en-aut-mei=Tatsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshiiTaishi en-aut-sei=Yoshii en-aut-mei=Taishi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Neuropeptide kn-keyword=Neuropeptide en-keyword=neural network kn-keyword=neural network en-keyword=clock protein kn-keyword=clock protein en-keyword=activity rhythm kn-keyword=activity rhythm en-keyword=masking effect kn-keyword=masking effect END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=76 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=635 end-page=643 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=202212 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=MiR-338-3p Is a Biomarker in Neonatal Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Has Roles in the Inflammatory Response of ARDS Cell Models en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To investigate the association between serum miR-338-3p levels and neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and its mechanism. The relative miR-338-3p expression in serum was detected by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were detected by ELISAs. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of serum miR-338-3p evaluated the diagnosis of miR-338-3p in neonatal ARDS. Pearson’s correlation analysis evaluated the correlation between serum miR-338-3p and neonatal ARDS clinical factors. Flow cytometry evaluated apoptosis, and a CCK-8 assay assessed cell viability. A luciferase assay evaluated the miR-338-3p/AKT3 relationship. The miR- 338-3p expression was decreased in neonatal ARDS patients and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated cells. The ROC curve showed the accuracy of miR-338-3p for evaluating neonatal ARDS patients. The correlation analysis demonstrated that miR-338-3p was related to PRISM-III, PaO2/FiO2, oxygenation index, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in neonatal ARDS patients. MiR-338-3p overexpression inhibited the secretion of inflammatory components, stifled cell apoptosis, and LPS-induced advanced cell viability. The double-luciferase reporter gene experiment confirmed that miR-338-3p negatively regulates AKT3 mRNA expression. Serum miR-338-3p levels were related to the diagnosis and severity of neonatal ARDS, which may be attributed to its regulatory effect on inflammatory response in ARDS. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ZhangCuicui en-aut-sei=Zhang en-aut-mei=Cuicui kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=JiYanan en-aut-sei=Ji en-aut-mei=Yanan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=WangQin en-aut-sei=Wang en-aut-mei=Qin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=RuanLianying en-aut-sei=Ruan en-aut-mei=Lianying kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Xingtai People’s Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Xingtai People’s Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Xingtai People’s Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Xingtai People’s Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=miR-338-3p kn-keyword=miR-338-3p en-keyword=AKT3 kn-keyword=AKT3 en-keyword=neonatal ARDS kn-keyword=neonatal ARDS en-keyword=inflammation kn-keyword=inflammation en-keyword=diagnosis kn-keyword=diagnosis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=76 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=503 end-page=510 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=202210 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Viral Sequences Are Repurposed for Controlling Antiviral Responses as Non-Retroviral Endogenous Viral Elements en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Eukaryotic genomes contain numerous copies of endogenous viral elements (EVEs), most of which are considered endogenous retrovirus (ERV) sequences. Over the past decade, non-retroviral endogenous viral elements (nrEVEs) derived from ancient RNA viruses have been discovered. Several functions have been proposed for these elements, including antiviral defense. This review summarizes the current understanding of nrEVEs derived from RNA viruses, particularly endogenous bornavirus-like elements (EBLs) and endogenous filovirus-like elements (EFLs). EBLs are one of the most extensively studied nrEVEs. The EBL derived from bornavirus nucleoprotein (EBLN) is thought to function as a non-coding RNA or protein that regulates host gene expression or inhibits virus propagation. Ebolavirus and marburgvirus, which are filoviruses, induce severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. Although the ecology of filoviruses remains unclear, bats are believed to be potential reservoirs. Based on the knowledge from EBLs, it is postulated that EFLs in the bat genome help to maintain the balance between filovirus infection and the bat’s defense system, which may partially explain why bats act as potential reservoirs. Further research into the functions of nrEVEs could reveal novel antiviral systems and inspire novel antiviral approaches. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OgawaHirohito en-aut-sei=Ogawa en-aut-mei=Hirohito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HondaTomoyuki en-aut-sei=Honda en-aut-mei=Tomoyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=EVE kn-keyword=EVE en-keyword=nrEVE kn-keyword=nrEVE en-keyword=bornavirus kn-keyword=bornavirus en-keyword=filovirus kn-keyword=filovirus en-keyword=antiviral kn-keyword=antiviral END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=76 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=489 end-page=502 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=202210 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Current Insights into Mesenchymal Signatures in Glioblastoma en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite decades of research, the prognosis for GBM patients is still disappointing. One major reason for the intense therapeutic resistance of GBM is inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. GBM-intrinsic transcriptional profiling has suggested the presence of at least three subtypes of GBM: the proneural, classic, and mesenchymal subtypes. The mesenchymal subtype is the most aggressive, and patients with the mesenchymal subtype of primary and recurrent tumors tend to have a worse prognosis compared with patients with the other subtypes. Furthermore, GBM can shift from other subtypes to the mesenchymal subtype over the course of disease progression or recurrence. This phenotypic transition is driven by diverse tumor-intrinsic molecular mechanisms or microenvironmental factors. Thus, better understanding of the plastic nature of mesenchymal transition in GBM is pivotal to developing new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the elements involved in the mesenchymal transition of GBM and discuss future perspectives. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsumotoYuji en-aut-sei=Matsumoto en-aut-mei=Yuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IchikawaTomotsugu en-aut-sei=Ichikawa en-aut-mei=Tomotsugu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurozumiKazuhiko en-aut-sei=Kurozumi en-aut-mei=Kazuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=DateIsao en-aut-sei=Date en-aut-mei=Isao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=glioma kn-keyword=glioma en-keyword=glioblastoma kn-keyword=glioblastoma en-keyword=mesenchymal subtype kn-keyword=mesenchymal subtype en-keyword=mesenchymal transition kn-keyword=mesenchymal transition en-keyword=heterogeneity kn-keyword=heterogeneity END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=76 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=373 end-page=383 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=202208 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Central and Enteric Neuroprotective Effects by Eucommia ulmoides Extracts on Neurodegeneration in Rotenone-induced Parkinsonian Mouse en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of both the central and peripheral / enteric nervous systems. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are associated with the pathogenesis of PD, suggesting that anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory compounds could be neuroprotective agents for PD. Eucommia ulmoides (EU) is a traditional herbal medicine which exerts neuroprotective effects by anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. Our previous study showed that treatment with chlorogenic acid, a component of EU, protected against neurodegeneration in the central and enteric nervous systems in a PD model. In this study, we examined the effects of EU extract (EUE) administration on dopaminergic neurodegeneration, glial response and α-synuclein expression in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and intestinal enteric neurodegeneration in low-dose rotenone-induced PD model mice. Daily oral administration of EUE ameliorated dopaminergic neurodegeneration and α-synuclein accumulation in the SNpc. EUE treatment inhibited rotenone- induced decreases in the number of total astrocytes and in those expressing the antioxidant molecule metallothionein. EUE also prevented rotenone-induced microglial activation. Furthermore, EUE treatment exerted protective effects against intestinal neuronal loss in the PD model. These results suggest that EU exerts neuroprotective effects in the central and enteric nervous systems of rotenone-induced parkinsonism mice, in part by glial modification. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ImafukuFuminori en-aut-sei=Imafuku en-aut-mei=Fuminori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyazakiIkuko en-aut-sei=Miyazaki en-aut-mei=Ikuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SunJin en-aut-sei=Sun en-aut-mei=Jin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KamimaiSunao en-aut-sei=Kamimai en-aut-mei=Sunao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimizuTakashi en-aut-sei=Shimizu en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ToyotaToshiaki en-aut-sei=Toyota en-aut-mei=Toshiaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoYusei en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Yusei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=IsookaNami en-aut-sei=Isooka en-aut-mei=Nami kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=KikuokaRyo en-aut-sei=Kikuoka en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitamuraYoshihisa en-aut-sei=Kitamura en-aut-mei=Yoshihisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=AsanumaMasato en-aut-sei=Asanuma en-aut-mei=Masato kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=Eucommia ulmoides kn-keyword=Eucommia ulmoides en-keyword=dopamine neuron kn-keyword=dopamine neuron en-keyword=enteric neuron kn-keyword=enteric neuron en-keyword=glia kn-keyword=glia en-keyword=Parkinson’s disease kn-keyword=Parkinson’s disease END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=76 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=255 end-page=263 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=202206 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Intrathecal Administration of the α1 Adrenergic Antagonist Phentolamine Upregulates Spinal GLT-1 and Improves Mirror Image Pain in SNI Model Rats en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Mirror image pain (MIP) is a type of extraterritorial pain that results in contralateral pain or allodynia. Glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) is expressed in astrocytes and plays a role in maintaining low glutamate levels in the synaptic cleft. Previous studies have shown that GLT-1 dysfunction induces neuropathic pain. Our previous study revealed bilateral GLT-1 downregulation in the spinal cord of a spared nerve injury (SNI) rat. We hypothesized that spinal GLT-1 is involved in the mechanism of MIP. We also previously demonstrated noradrenergic GLT-1 regulation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of an α1 adrenergic antagonist on the development of MIP. Rats were subjected to SNI. Changes in pain behavior and GLT-1 protein levels in the SNI rat spinal cords were then examined by intrathecal administration of the α1 adrenergic antagonist phentolamine, followed by von Frey test and western blotting. SNI resulted in the development of MIP and bilateral downregulation of GLT-1 protein in the rat spinal cord. Intrathecal phentolamine increased contralateral GLT-1 protein levels and partially ameliorated the 50% paw withdrawal threshold in the contralateral hind paw. Spinal GLT-1 upregulation by intrathecal phentolamine ameliorates MIP. GLT-1 plays a role in the development of MIPs. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NakatsukaKosuke en-aut-sei=Nakatsuka en-aut-mei=Kosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuokaYoshikazu en-aut-sei=Matsuoka en-aut-mei=Yoshikazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuritaMasako en-aut-sei=Kurita en-aut-mei=Masako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=WangRuilin en-aut-sei=Wang en-aut-mei=Ruilin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsuboiChika en-aut-sei=Tsuboi en-aut-mei=Chika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SueNobutaka en-aut-sei=Sue en-aut-mei=Nobutaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KakuRyuji en-aut-sei=Kaku en-aut-mei=Ryuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorimatsuHiroshi en-aut-sei=Morimatsu en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Kinoshita Pain Clinic kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=alpha adrenergic receptor kn-keyword=alpha adrenergic receptor en-keyword=glutamate transporter-1 kn-keyword=glutamate transporter-1 en-keyword=mirror image pain kn-keyword=mirror image pain en-keyword=neuropathic pain kn-keyword=neuropathic pain en-keyword=spared nerve injury kn-keyword=spared nerve injury END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=8 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=6 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220428 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=An approach for elucidating dermal fibroblast dedifferentiation in amphibian limb regeneration en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Urodele amphibians, Pleurodeles waltl and Ambystoma mexicanum, have organ-level regeneration capability, such as limb regeneration. Multipotent cells are induced by an endogenous mechanism in amphibian limb regeneration. It is well known that dermal fibroblasts receive regenerative signals and turn into multipotent cells, called blastema cells. However, the induction mechanism of the blastema cells from matured dermal cells was unknown. We previously found that BMP2, FGF2, and FGF8 (B2FF) could play sufficient roles in blastema induction in urodele amphibians. Here, we show that B2FF treatment can induce dermis-derived cells that can participate in multiple cell lineage in limb regeneration. We first established a newt dermis-derived cell line and confirmed that B2FF treatment on the newt cells provided plasticity in cellular differentiation in limb regeneration. To clarify the factors that can provide the plasticity in differentiation, we performed the interspecies comparative analysis between newt cells and mouse cells and found the Pde4b gene was upregulated by B2FF treatment only in the newt cells. Blocking PDE4B signaling by a chemical PDE4 inhibitor suppressed dermis-to-cartilage transformation and the mosaic knockout animals showed consistent results. Our results are a valuable insight into how dermal fibroblasts acquire multipotency during the early phase of limb regeneration via an endogenous program in amphibian limb regeneration. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatohAkira en-aut-sei=Satoh en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KashimotoRena en-aut-sei=Kashimoto en-aut-mei=Rena kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhashiAyaka en-aut-sei=Ohashi en-aut-mei=Ayaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FurukawaSaya en-aut-sei=Furukawa en-aut-mei=Saya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoSakiya en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Sakiya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=InoueTakeshi en-aut-sei=Inoue en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=HayashiToshinori en-aut-sei=Hayashi en-aut-mei=Toshinori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=AgataKiyokazu en-aut-sei=Agata en-aut-mei=Kiyokazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences (RCIS), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Envi�ronmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Envi�ronmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Division of Adaptation Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Laboratory of Regeneration Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology kn-affil= en-keyword=Pde4b kn-keyword=Pde4b en-keyword=Limb regeneration kn-keyword=Limb regeneration en-keyword=Pleurodels waltl kn-keyword=Pleurodels waltl en-keyword=Ambystoma mexicanum kn-keyword=Ambystoma mexicanum en-keyword=Dedifferentiation kn-keyword=Dedifferentiation en-keyword=Reprogramming kn-keyword=Reprogramming END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=369 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=fnac019 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=2022 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Heterogeneous IgE reactivities to Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains in dogs with atopic dermatitis, and the identification of DM13-domain-containing protein as a bacterial IgE-reactive molecule en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is one of the major pathogens causing canine skin infection. In canine atopic dermatitis (AD), heterogeneous strains of S. pseudintermedius reside on the affected skin site. Because an increase in specific IgE to this bacterium has been reported, S. pseudintermedius is likely to exacerbate the severity of canine AD. In this study, the IgE reactivities to various S. pseudintermedius strains and the IgE-reactive molecules of S. pseudintermedius were investigated. First, examining the IgE reactivities to eight strains of S. pseudintermedius using 141 sera of AD dogs, strain variation of S. pseudintermedius showed 10–63% of the IgE reactivities. This is different from the expected result based on the concept of Staphylococcus aureus clonality in AD patients. Moreover, according to the western blot analysis, there were more than four proteins reactive to IgE. Subsequently, the analysis of the common IgE-reactive protein at ∼15 kDa confirmed that the DM13-domain-containing protein was reactive in AD dogs, which is not coincident with any S. aureus IgE-reactive molecules. Considering these, S. pseudintermedius is likely to exacerbate AD severity in dogs, slightly different from the case of S. aureus in human AD. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Takemura-UchiyamaIyo en-aut-sei=Takemura-Uchiyama en-aut-mei=Iyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsuruiHiroki en-aut-sei=Tsurui en-aut-mei=Hiroki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimakuraHidekatsu en-aut-sei=Shimakura en-aut-mei=Hidekatsu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NasukawaTadahiro en-aut-sei=Nasukawa en-aut-mei=Tadahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ImanishiIchiro en-aut-sei=Imanishi en-aut-mei=Ichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=UchiyamaJumpei en-aut-sei=Uchiyama en-aut-mei=Jumpei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukuyamaTomoki en-aut-sei=Fukuyama en-aut-mei=Tomoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakamotoShuji en-aut-sei=Sakamoto en-aut-mei=Shuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorisawaKeiko en-aut-sei=Morisawa en-aut-mei=Keiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujimuraMasato en-aut-sei=Fujimura en-aut-mei=Masato kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=MurakamiHironobu en-aut-sei=Murakami en-aut-mei=Hironobu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanamaruShuji en-aut-sei=Kanamaru en-aut-mei=Shuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurokawaKenji en-aut-sei=Kurokawa en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawamotoKeiko en-aut-sei=Kawamoto en-aut-mei=Keiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=IyoriKeita en-aut-sei=Iyori en-aut-mei=Keita kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakaguchiMasahiro en-aut-sei=Sakaguchi en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe 1-17-71 kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama Universty kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Science Research Center, Kochi Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Science Research Center, Kochi Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Fujimura Animal Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Vet Derm Tokyo, Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals kn-affil= affil-num=16 en-affil=School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University kn-affil= en-keyword=Staphylococcus pseudintermedius kn-keyword=Staphylococcus pseudintermedius en-keyword=atopic dermatitis kn-keyword=atopic dermatitis en-keyword= IgE kn-keyword= IgE en-keyword=dogs kn-keyword=dogs en-keyword=DM13-domain-containing protein kn-keyword=DM13-domain-containing protein en-keyword=exacerbation factor kn-keyword=exacerbation factor END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=75 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=585 end-page=593 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=202110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Factors for Acute Kidney Injury Following Total Arch Replacement and Association with Temperature Management During Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Single-center Retrospective Observational Study en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Many patients develop acute kidney injury (AKI) after vascular surgery. In this retrospective observational study, we investigated the risk factors for AKI defined using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria after total arch replacement (TAR). Additionally, we investigated the influence of temperature manage-ment during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on postoperative renal function by propensity score-matched anal-ysis. We retrospectively analyzed 161 consecutive patients who underwent TAR between 2016 and 2019. Postoperative AKI occurred in 48.7% of the patients. In the multivariate analysis, male sex (odds ratio [OR] 3.95, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.56-8.27, p = 0.002), ACE inhibitors/ARB medication (OR 3.19, 95%CI 1.49-6.82, p = 0.003), preoperative chronic kidney disease (OR 2.47, 95%CI 1.17-5.23, p = 0.02), pro-longed CPB time (OR 2.36, 95%CI 1.05-5.34, p = 0.04), and lower body ischemic time during CPB (OR 2.20, 95%CI 1.05-4.46, p = 0.04) were identified as independent risk factors for AKI. Propensity score-matched anal-ysis showed no significant difference in the risk of AKI following TAR between mild hypothermia or normo-thermia and moderate hypothermia (37.2% vs. 41.9%, p = 0.83). In conclusion, modifiable risk factors for AKI included prolonged CPB time and lower body ischemic time. Temperature management during CPB had no clear effect on outcomes. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OmiyaHiroki en-aut-sei=Omiya en-aut-mei=Hiroki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakatoriMakoto en-aut-sei=Takatori en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YunokiKeiji en-aut-sei=Yunoki en-aut-mei=Keiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorimatsuHiroshi en-aut-sei=Morimatsu en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hiroshima Citizens Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hiroshima Citizens Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hiroshima Citizens Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=acute kidney injury kn-keyword=acute kidney injury en-keyword=total arch replacement kn-keyword=total arch replacement en-keyword=cardiopulmonary bypass kn-keyword=cardiopulmonary bypass en-keyword=lower body ischemic time kn-keyword=lower body ischemic time END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=75 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=549 end-page=556 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=202110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Glial Cells as Possible Targets of Neuroprotection through Neurotrophic and Antioxidative Molecules in the Central and Enteric Nervous Systems in Parkinson’s Disease en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. The loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons produces its characteristic motor symptoms, but PD patients also have non-motor symptoms such as constipation and orthostatic hypotension. The pathological hallmark of PD is the presence of α-synuclein-containing Lewy bodies and neurites in the brain. However, the PD pathology is observed in not only the central nervous system (CNS) but also in parts of the peripheral nervous system such as the enteric nervous system (ENS). Since constipation is a typical prodromal non-motor symptom in PD, often preceding motor symptoms by 10-20 years, it has been hypothesized that PD pathology propagates from the ENS to the CNS via the vagal nerve. Discovery of pharmacological and other methods to halt this progression of neurodegeneration in PD has the potential to improve millions of lives. Astrocytes protect neurons in the CNS by secretion of neurotrophic and antioxidative factors. Similarly, astrocyte-like enteric glial cells (EGCs) are known to secrete neuroprotective factors in the ENS. In this article, we summarize the neuroprotective function of astrocytes and EGCs and discuss therapeutic strategies for the prevention of neurodegeneration in PD targeting neurotrophic and antioxidative molecules in glial cells. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IsookaNami en-aut-sei=Isooka en-aut-mei=Nami kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyazakiIkuko en-aut-sei=Miyazaki en-aut-mei=Ikuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=AsanumaMasato en-aut-sei=Asanuma en-aut-mei=Masato kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=Parkinson’s disease kn-keyword=Parkinson’s disease en-keyword=astrocyte kn-keyword=astrocyte en-keyword=enteric glial cell kn-keyword=enteric glial cell en-keyword=neurotrophic factor kn-keyword=neurotrophic factor en-keyword=antioxidative molecule kn-keyword=antioxidative molecule END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=e13312 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=202153 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Roles of Porphyromonas gulae proteases in bacterial and host cell biology en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Porphyromonas gulae, an animal-derived periodontal pathogen, expresses several virulence factors, including fimbria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and proteases. We previously reported that its invasive efficiency was dependent on fimbriae types. In addition, P. gulae LPS increased inflammatory responses via toll-like receptors. The present study was conducted to investigate the involvement of P. gulae proteases in bacterial and host cell biology. Porphyromonas gulae strains showed an ability to agglutinate mouse erythrocytes and also demonstrated co-aggregation with Actinomyces viscosus, while the protease inhibitors antipain, PMSF, TLCK and leupeptin diminished P. gulae proteolytic activity, resulting in inhibition of haemagglutination and co-aggregation with A. viscosus. In addition, specific proteinase inhibitors were found to reduce bacterial cell growth. Porphyromonas gulae inhibited Ca9-22 cell proliferation in a multiplicity of infection- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, P. gulae-induced decreases in cell contact and adhesion-related proteins were accompanied by a marked change in cell morphology from well spread to rounded. In contrast, inhibition of protease activity prevented degradation of proteins, such as E-cadherin, beta-catenin and focal adhesion kinase, and also blocked inhibition of cell proliferation. Together, these results indicate suppression of the amount of human proteins, such as gamma-globulin, fibrinogen and fibronectin, by P. gulae proteases, suggesting that a novel protease complex contributes to bacterial virulence. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=UrmiAlam Saki en-aut-sei=Urmi en-aut-mei=Alam Saki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=InabaHiroaki en-aut-sei=Inaba en-aut-mei=Hiroaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NomuraRyota en-aut-sei=Nomura en-aut-mei=Ryota kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshidaShoko en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Shoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OharaNaoya en-aut-sei=Ohara en-aut-mei=Naoya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=AsaiFumitoshi en-aut-sei=Asai en-aut-mei=Fumitoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakanoKazuhiko en-aut-sei=Nakano en-aut-mei=Kazuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=Matsumoto‐NakanoMichiyo en-aut-sei=Matsumoto‐Nakano en-aut-mei=Michiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Oral Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Dental School, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine Azabu University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=coaggregation kn-keyword=coaggregation en-keyword=haemagglutination kn-keyword=haemagglutination en-keyword=P. gulae kn-keyword=P. gulae en-keyword=protease kn-keyword=protease en-keyword=protein degradation kn-keyword=protein degradation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=75 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=63 end-page=69 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=202102 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=The Optimal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index for Lactation in Japanese Women with Neonatal Separation as Analyzed by a Differential Equation en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We used a differential equation to identify the biological relationship between the maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and lactation on postpartum day 4 in Japanese women with neonatal separation. This retro-spective observational study included 252 mothers (135 primiparas, 117 multiparas) whose singleton neonates were admitted to a neonatal ICU. We formulated hypotheses based on breast anatomy to analyze the relation-ship between the expressed milk obtained on postpartum day 4 and the maternal prepregnancy BMI with the following differential equation: y’(x) = k y(x)/x, where k is the constant, x is the prepregnancy BMI, and y is the expressed milk volume. The formula was then obtained as y(x) = axk, where a is the constant. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to estimate the regression equation with the maximum likelihood for primiparas and multiparas. The best criteria for BMI determined by the AIC were 20.89 kg/m2 in primiparas and 20.19 kg/m2 in multiparas. These were the optimal BMI values for lactation, coinciding with the median prepregnancy BMI in the study population (20.78 kg/m2 in primiparas and 20.06 kg/m2 in multiparas). The formula based on biomathematics might help establish the biological relationship between prepregnancy BMI and breastmilk volume. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TadaKatsuhiko en-aut-sei=Tada en-aut-mei=Katsuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyagiYasunari en-aut-sei=Miyagi en-aut-mei=Yasunari kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakamuraKazue en-aut-sei=Nakamura en-aut-mei=Kazue kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YorozuMoe en-aut-sei=Yorozu en-aut-mei=Moe kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukushimaEmi en-aut-sei=Fukushima en-aut-mei=Emi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KumazawaKazumasa en-aut-sei=Kumazawa en-aut-mei=Kazumasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakamuraMakoto en-aut-sei=Nakamura en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KageyamaMisao en-aut-sei=Kageyama en-aut-mei=Misao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization, Okayama Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Miyake Ofuku Clinic kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Neonatology, National Hospital Organization, Okayama Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization, Okayama Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Nursing, National Hospital Organization, Okayama Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization, Okayama Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Neonatology, National Hospital Organization, Okayama Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Neonatology, National Hospital Organization, Okayama Medical Center kn-affil= en-keyword=biomathematics kn-keyword=biomathematics en-keyword=body mass index kn-keyword=body mass index en-keyword=expressed milk kn-keyword=expressed milk en-keyword=lactation kn-keyword=lactation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=75 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=9 end-page=14 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=202102 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Needle Tract Ablation in Liver Tissue Using a Cryoprobe Combined with an Electrosurgical Device: Influence of ex vivo and in vivo Animal Models en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To assess the feasibility of needle tract ablation in liver tissue in ex vivo and in vivo animal models using a cryo-probe and electrosurgical device. The experimental device is made by inserting a cryoprobe through an intro-ducer sheath for insulation, with 2-cm of probe tip projecting out. A beagle liver was punctured by the device, and electric current was applied at 30-W with the electrosurgical knife touching the non-insulated device base. The discolored area of cut surface along the device was evaluated in 5 application-time groups (5 , 10 , 15 , 20, or 25 seconds). An ex vivo experiment was performed to determine an ablation algorithm with an appropriate application time by comparison with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) results. Thereafter, an in vivo experiment was performed to verify the algorithm’s feasibility. In the ex vivo model, the cut surface demonstrated different amounts of discolored area according to the application time. The total discolored area in the 20-seconds group was similar to that by RFA. In the in vivo model, the liver did not bleed, the total discolored area was similar to that ex vivo, and coagulation necrosis was confirmed by photomicrograph. Needle tract ablation can be per-formed using the experimental device and electrosurgical device. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=GobaraHideo en-aut-sei=Gobara en-aut-mei=Hideo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoAkira en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KomakicToshiyuki en-aut-sei=Komakic en-aut-mei=Toshiyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitayamaToshiaki en-aut-sei=Kitayama en-aut-mei=Toshiaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakuraiJun en-aut-sei=Sakurai en-aut-mei=Jun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=IguchiToshihiro en-aut-sei=Iguchi en-aut-mei=Toshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuiYusuke en-aut-sei=Matsui en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=UkaMayu en-aut-sei=Uka en-aut-mei=Mayu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=TomitaKoji en-aut-sei=Tomita en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirakiTakao en-aut-sei=Hiraki en-aut-mei=Takao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanazawaSusumu en-aut-sei=Kanazawa en-aut-mei=Susumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Division of Medical Informatics, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Otemae Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=needle tract ablation kn-keyword=needle tract ablation en-keyword=cryoablation kn-keyword=cryoablation en-keyword=electrosurgical device kn-keyword=electrosurgical device en-keyword=animal kn-keyword=animal en-keyword=liver kn-keyword=liver END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=7 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=12 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210114 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Cecum microbiota in rats fed soy, milk, meat, fish, and egg proteins with prebiotic oligosaccharides en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Diet is considered the most influential factor in modulating the gut microbiota but how dietary protein sources differ in their modulatory effects is not well understood. In this study, soy, meat (mixture of beef and pork), and fish proteins (experiment 1) and soy, milk (casein), and egg proteins (experiment 2) were fed to rats with cellulose (CEL) and raffinose (RAF); the microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid concentration in the cecum were determined. Egg protein feeding decreased the concentration of acetic acid and the richness and diversity of the cecum microbiota. RAF feeding increased the concentrations of acetic and propionic acids and decreased the richness and diversity of the cecum microbiota. When fed with CEL, the abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae, Akkermansiaceae and Tannerellaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae enhanced with soy protein, meat and fish proteins, and egg protein, respectively. The effects of dietary proteins diminished with RAF feeding and the abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Lachnospiraceae increased and that of Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae decreased regardless of the protein source. These results indicate that, although the effect of prebiotics is more robust and distinctive, dietary protein sources may influence the composition and metabolic activities of the gut microbiota. The stimulatory effects of soy, meat, and egg proteins on Christensenellaceae, Akkermansiaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae deserve further examination to better elucidate the dietary manipulation of the gut microbiota. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SivixaySouliphone en-aut-sei=Sivixay en-aut-mei=Souliphone kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=BaiGaowa en-aut-sei=Bai en-aut-mei=Gaowa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsurutaTakeshi en-aut-sei=Tsuruta en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishinoNaoki en-aut-sei=Nishino en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=diet kn-keyword=diet en-keyword=gut kn-keyword=gut en-keyword=microbiota kn-keyword=microbiota en-keyword=protein kn-keyword=protein en-keyword=prebiotics kn-keyword=prebiotics END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=33 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=1858 end-page=1865 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20191224 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=An investigation of seasonal variations in the microbiota of milk, feces, bedding, and airborne dust en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Objective
The microbiota of dairy cow milk varies with the season, and this accounts in part for the seasonal variation in mastitis-causing bacteria and milk spoilage. The microbiota of the cowshed may be the most important factor because the teats of a dairy cow contact bedding material when the cow is resting. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether the microbiota of the milk and the cowshed vary between seasons, and to elucidate the relationship between the microbiota.
Methods
We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to investigate the microbiota of milk, feces, bedding, and airborne dust collected at a dairy farm during summer and winter.
Results
The seasonal differences in the milk yield and milk composition were marginal. The fecal microbiota was stable across the two seasons. Many bacterial taxa of the bedding and airborne dust microbiota exhibited distinctive seasonal variation. In the milk microbiota, the abundances of Staphylococcaceae, Bacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Microbacteriaceae, and Micrococcaceae were affected by the seasons; however, only Micrococcaceae had the same seasonal variation pattern as the bedding and airborne dust microbiota. Nevertheless, canonical analysis of principle coordinates revealed a distinctive group comprising the milk, bedding, and airborne dust microbiota.
Conclusion
Although the milk microbiota is related to the bedding and airborne dust microbiota, the relationship may not account for the seasonal variation in the milk microbiota. Some major bacterial families stably found in the bedding and airborne dust microbiota, e.g., Staphylococcaceae, Moraxellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Bacteroidaceae, may have greater influences than those that varied between seasons. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NguyenThuong Thi en-aut-sei=Nguyen en-aut-mei=Thuong Thi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=WuHaoming en-aut-sei=Wu en-aut-mei=Haoming kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishinoNaoki en-aut-sei=Nishino en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Cowshed kn-keyword=Cowshed en-keyword=Dairy Cow kn-keyword=Dairy Cow en-keyword=Microbiota kn-keyword=Microbiota en-keyword=Milk kn-keyword=Milk en-keyword=Season kn-keyword=Season END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=230 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=109 end-page=115 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=20160528 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Increased fibrosis and impaired intratumoral accumulation of macromolecules in a murine model of pancreatic cancer co-administered with FGF-2 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Pancreatic cancer is notorious for its poor prognosis. The histopathologic characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which is the most common type of pancreatic cancer, is fibrosis within tumor tissue. Although fibrosis within tumor tissue is thought to impede drug therapy by interfering with the intratumoral accumulation of anti-tumor drugs, this hypothesis has yet to be proven directly in preclinical models. Here, we evaluated the effect of enhanced fibrosis on intratumoral accumulation of macromolecular drugs by increasing fibrosis in a murine tumor model of subcutaneously xenografted BxPC-3, a human PDAC cell line. When fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) was co-administered upon BxPC-3 inoculation, stromal fibrotic area was increased and was characterized by augmented murine collagen accumulation compared to inoculation of BxPC-3 alone, which correlated with increased monocyte/macrophage contents in the tumor tissues. We further discovered that the intratumoral accumulation of intravenously administrated fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran of 2,000,000 Da (2 MDa) was significantly reduced in the FGF-2 co-administered tumors despite unaltered hyaluronan accumulation and pericyte coverage of the tumor neovasculature and increased lymphangiogenesis. Finally, we found that FGF-2 co-administered tumors are more refractory to macromolecular drug therapy using nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane). The model established and analyzed in this study, characterized by increased fibrotic component, provides a preclinical animal model suited to predict the intratumoral accumulation of macromolecular drugs and to evaluate the efficacy of drugs targeting the tumor stroma. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SakaiSatoshi en-aut-sei=Sakai en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IwataCaname en-aut-sei=Iwata en-aut-mei=Caname kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaHiroyoshi Y. en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Hiroyoshi Y. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=CabralHoracio en-aut-sei=Cabral en-aut-mei=Horacio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorishitaYasuyuki en-aut-sei=Morishita en-aut-mei=Yasuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyazonKohei en-aut-sei=Miyazon en-aut-mei=Kohei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanoMitsunobu R. en-aut-sei=Kano en-aut-mei=Mitsunobu R. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil= Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Macromolecular drugs kn-keyword=Macromolecular drugs en-keyword=Drug distribution kn-keyword=Drug distribution en-keyword=Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma kn-keyword=Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma en-keyword=Fibrosis kn-keyword=Fibrosis en-keyword=FGF-2 kn-keyword=FGF-2 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=74 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=115 end-page=122 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=202004 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Increased Plasma Levels of Platelet Factor 4 and β-thromboglobulin in Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Thrombosis in decidual vessels is one of the mechanisms of pregnancy loss. However, few studies have assessed the relation between platelet activation, which is known to cause of thrombosis, and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). We investigated platelet activation in women with RPL compared to controls by measuring plasma levels of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and β-thromboglobulin (βTG), and assessed correlations between PF4/βTG and coagulative risk factors associated with RPL. The study group included 135 women who had experienced two or more consecutive pregnancy losses. The control group included 28 age-matched healthy women who had never experienced pregnancy loss. PF4 and βTG plasma levels were significantly higher in the women with RPL than controls (PF4: 14.0 [8.0-20.0] vs. 9.0 [6.0-12.0] ng/ml, p=0.043; βTG: 42.0 [24.3-59.8] vs. 31.5 [26.6-36.4] ng/ml, p=0.002). There was a significant association between βTG and anti-phosphatidylethanolamine antibody immunoglobulin M (aPE IgM) (p=0.048). Among the women with RPL, 18 of those who were positive for PF4 (45%) and 18 of those who were positive for βTG (37%) were negative for all known coagulative risk factors associated with RPL. Measurements of PF4 and βTG may be important because they help identify women who are at risk of RPL. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KotaniSayoko en-aut-sei=Kotani en-aut-mei=Sayoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KamadaYasuhiko en-aut-sei=Kamada en-aut-mei=Yasuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimizuKeiko en-aut-sei=Shimizu en-aut-mei=Keiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakamotoAi en-aut-sei=Sakamoto en-aut-mei=Ai kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakatsukaMikiya en-aut-sei=Nakatsuka en-aut-mei=Mikiya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiramatsuYuji en-aut-sei=Hiramatsu en-aut-mei=Yuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MasuyamaHisashi en-aut-sei=Masuyama en-aut-mei=Hisashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Okayama Rosai Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Okayama City Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=recurrent pregnancy loss kn-keyword=recurrent pregnancy loss en-keyword=platelet factor 4 kn-keyword=platelet factor 4 en-keyword=β-thromboglobulin kn-keyword=β-thromboglobulin en-keyword=platelet activation kn-keyword=platelet activation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=54 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=459 end-page=464 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190913 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effects of temperature during successive generations on life-history traits in a seed beetle Callosobruchus chinensis (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Temperature is an important environmental factor for life-history traits in poikilothermic animals. Many of experiments on evolution have been conducted using Drosophila species, and effects on life-history traits vary depending on the study. On the other hand, few studies have been conducted on the effects of temperature on life-history traits in the other insect species. In the present study, we reared adzuki bean beetles under two different temperatures, high and low, for 2 years (20 generations), and compared life-history traits including body size of females, fecundity, egg size, rate of egg hatching, emergence rate, development time, and wing length. No differences in responses were found in these traits between selection strains, except the rate of egg hatching. That is, the rates of egg hatching in high-temperature (32 °C) selection strains were significantly higher than those in low-temperature (24 °C) selection strains. We discuss the cause of change in egg hatchability during successive generations under different temperature treatments from the following viewpoints including evolutionary adaptation to high temperature and the experimental protocol. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TeradaKenji en-aut-sei=Terada en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumuraKentarou en-aut-sei=Matsumura en-aut-mei=Kentarou kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyatakeTakahisa en-aut-sei=Miyatake en-aut-mei=Takahisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Temperature kn-keyword=Temperature en-keyword=Experimental evolution kn-keyword=Experimental evolution en-keyword=Hatching rate Seed beetle kn-keyword=Hatching rate Seed beetle en-keyword=Callosobruchus chinensis kn-keyword=Callosobruchus chinensis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=285 end-page=297 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=201908 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Dynamic Reorganization of Microtubule and Glioma Invasion en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Gliomas are characterized as highly diffuse infiltrating tumors, and currently available treatments such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are unfeasible or show limited efficacy against these tumors. Recent genetic and epigenetic analyses of glioma have revealed increasing evidence of the role of driver genetic alterations in glioma development and led to the identification of prognostic factors. Despite these findings, the survival rates of glioma patients remain low, and alternative treatments and novel targets are needed. Recent studies identified neural stem cells as the possible origin of gliomas, and some evidence has revealed shared functions and mechanisms between glioma cells and neurons, also supporting their similarity. The cytoskeleton plays important roles in the migration of normal cells as well as cancer cells. Recent reports have described a role for microtubules, a component of the cytoskeleton, in glioma invasion. Notably, several factors that regulate microtubule functions, such as microtubule-associated proteins, plus-end tracking proteins, or motor proteins, are upregulated in glioma tissues compared with normal tissue, and upregulation of these factors is associated with high invasiveness of glioma cells. In this review, we describe the mechanism of microtubules in glioma invasion and discuss the possibility of microtubule-targeted therapy to inhibit glioma invasion. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OtaniYoshihiro en-aut-sei=Otani en-aut-mei=Yoshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IchikawaTomotsugu en-aut-sei=Ichikawa en-aut-mei=Tomotsugu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurozumiKazuhiko en-aut-sei=Kurozumi en-aut-mei=Kazuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=DateIsao en-aut-sei=Date en-aut-mei=Isao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Neurosurgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=glioma kn-keyword=glioma en-keyword=cytoskeletons kn-keyword=cytoskeletons en-keyword=invasion kn-keyword=invasion en-keyword=microtubules kn-keyword=microtubules END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=189 end-page=195 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=201906 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis in Psychiatry en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a recently-discovered autoimmune disorder in which antibodies target NMDAR in the brain. The number of reported cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis has increased rapidly. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis can be mistakenly diagnosed as psychiatric disorders because many patients present with prominent psychiatric symptoms and visit psychiatric institutions first. Thus, psychiatrists should cultivate a better understanding of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. In this review, we present the mechanisms, epidemiology, symptoms and clinical course, diagnostic tests, treatment and outcomes of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Furthermore, we discuss the diversity of clinical spectra of anti-NMDAR encephalitis, and demonstrate a differential diagnosis of psychiatric disease from the perspective of psychiatry. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SakamotoShinji en-aut-sei=Sakamoto en-aut-mei=Shinji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawaiHiroki en-aut-sei=Kawai en-aut-mei=Hiroki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkahisaYuko en-aut-sei=Okahisa en-aut-mei=Yuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsutsuiKo en-aut-sei=Tsutsui en-aut-mei=Ko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanbayashiTakashi en-aut-sei=Kanbayashi en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaKeiko en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Keiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizukiYutaka en-aut-sei=Mizuki en-aut-mei=Yutaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakakiManabu en-aut-sei=Takaki en-aut-mei=Manabu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadaNorihito en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Norihito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=NMDAR kn-keyword=NMDAR en-keyword=encephalitis kn-keyword=encephalitis en-keyword=psychiatric symptom kn-keyword=psychiatric symptom en-keyword=schizophrenia kn-keyword=schizophrenia en-keyword=mood disorder kn-keyword=mood disorder END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=54 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=47 end-page=53 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2017 dt-pub=201710 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains that trace the origin of Haitian-like genetic traits en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Vibrio cholerae O1 is the etiological agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera. The bacterium has recently been causing outbreaks in Haiti with catastrophic effects. Numerous mutations have been reported in V. cholerae O1 strains associated with the Haitian outbreak. These mutations encompass among other the genes encoding virulence factors such as the pilin subunit of the toxin-co-regulated pilus (tcpA), cholera toxin B subunit (ctxB), repeat in toxins (rtxA), and other genes such as the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrase A (gyrA), rstB of RS element along with the alteration in the number of repeat sequences at the promoter region of ctxAB. Given the numerous genetic changes in those Haitian isolates, we decided to investigate the possible origins of those variations in the Indian subcontinent. Thus, we determined the genetic traits among V. cholerae O1 strains in Delhi, India. A total of 175 strains isolated from cholera patients during 2004 to 2012 were analysed in the present study. Our results showed that all the tested strains carried Haitian type tcpA (tcpACIRS) and variant gyrA indicating their first appearance before 2004 in Delhi. The Haitian variant rtxA and ctxB7 were first detected in Delhi during 2004 and 2006, respectively. Interestingly, not a single strain with the combination of El Tor rtxA and ctxB7 was detected in this study. The Delhi strains carried four heptad repeats (TTTTGAT) in the CT promoter region whereas Haitian strains carried 5 such repeats. Delhi strains did not have any deletion mutations in the rstB like Haitian strains. Overall, our study demonstrates the sequential accumulation of Haitian-like genetic traits among V. cholerae O1 strains in Delhi at different time points prior to the Haitian cholera outbreak. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=GhoshPriyanka en-aut-sei=Ghosh en-aut-mei=Priyanka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KumarDhirendra en-aut-sei=Kumar en-aut-mei=Dhirendra kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChowdhuryGoutam en-aut-sei=Chowdhury en-aut-mei=Goutam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SinghPuneeta en-aut-sei=Singh en-aut-mei=Puneeta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SamantaProsenjit en-aut-sei=Samanta en-aut-mei=Prosenjit kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=DuttaShanta en-aut-sei=Dutta en-aut-mei=Shanta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=RamamurthyT. en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy en-aut-mei=T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=SharmaN. C. en-aut-sei=Sharma en-aut-mei=N. C. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SinhaPreety en-aut-sei=Sinha en-aut-mei=Preety kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=PrasadYogendra en-aut-sei=Prasad en-aut-mei=Yogendra kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShinodaSumio en-aut-sei=Shinoda en-aut-mei=Sumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish K. en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=Asish K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Maharishi Valmiki Infectious Diseases Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Maharishi Valmiki Infectious Diseases Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Maharishi Valmiki Infectious Diseases Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Zoology, A.N. College kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, MJP Rohilkhand University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases at NICED kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= en-keyword=Cholera kn-keyword=Cholera en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae en-keyword=ctxAB promoter kn-keyword=ctxAB promoter en-keyword=ctxB kn-keyword=ctxB en-keyword=gyrA kn-keyword=gyrA en-keyword=rstB kn-keyword=rstB en-keyword=rtxA kn-keyword=rtxA en-keyword=tcpA kn-keyword=tcpA END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=306 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=657 end-page=665 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=201612 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Role of a sensor histidine kinase ChiS of Vibrio cholerae in pathogenesis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Vibrio cholera survival in an aquatic environment depends on chitin utilization pathway that requires two factors, chitin binding protein and chitinases. The chitinases and the chitin utilization pathway are regulated by a two-component sensor histidine kinase ChiS in V. cholerae. In recent studies these two factors are also shown to be involved in V. cholerae pathogenesis. However, the role played by their upstream regulator ChiS in pathogenesis is yet to be known. In this study, we investigated the activation of ChiS in presence of mucin and its functional role in pathogenesis. We found ChiS is activated in mucin supplemented media. The isogenic chiS mutant (ChiS-) showed less growth compared to the wild type strain (ChiS+) in the presence of mucin supplemented media. The ChiS- strain also showed highly retarded motility as well as mucin layer penetration in vitro. Our result also showed that ChiS was important for adherence and survival in HT-29 cell. These observations indicate that ChiS is activated in presence of intestinal mucin and subsequently switch on the chitin utilization pathway. In animal models, our results also supported the in vitro observation. We found reduced fluid accumulation and colonization during infection with ChiS- strain. We also found ChiS- mutant with reduced expression of ctxA, toxT and tcpA. The cumulative effect of these events made V. cholerae ChiS- strain hypovirulent. Hence, we propose that ChiS plays a vital role in V. cholerae pathogenesis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ChourashiRhishita en-aut-sei=Chourashi en-aut-mei=Rhishita kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MondalMoumita en-aut-sei=Mondal en-aut-mei=Moumita kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SinhaRitam en-aut-sei=Sinha en-aut-mei=Ritam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=DebnathAnusuya en-aut-sei=Debnath en-aut-mei=Anusuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=DasSuman en-aut-sei=Das en-aut-mei=Suman kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KoleyHemanta en-aut-sei=Koley en-aut-mei=Hemanta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=Sekhar ChatterjeeaNabendu en-aut-sei=Sekhar Chatterjeea en-aut-mei=Nabendu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= en-keyword=ChiS kn-keyword=ChiS en-keyword=Mucin kn-keyword=Mucin en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae en-keyword=Virulence kn-keyword=Virulence END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=34 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=2 end-page=4 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2018 dt-pub=201804 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Transcription factor Runx3 in the mouse hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal system kn-title=マウス視床下部・下垂体・生殖腺系における転写因子Runx3の役割 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Runx3 is a transcription factor that belongs to the Runx family. Female Runx3 knockout (Runx3−⁄−) mouse was anovulatory and infertile. Ovarian transplantation experiment suggested that lack of ovulation in Runx3−⁄− mice was caused by alteration of gonadotropin secretion in Runx3−⁄− mice. Cyp11a1 mRNA expression was less in Runx3−⁄− mouse ovaries than in wt ones. Hypothalamic Gnrh1 mRNA was increased, and Kiss1 mRNA expression in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus was decreased, but Kisspeptin mRNA in the arcuate nucleus was increased in Runx3-/- mice. Pituitary Fshb mRNA levels were increased in Runx3−⁄− mice. Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme gene (Cyp11a1) expression was decreased in ovaries of Runx3−⁄− mice. These findings suggest that anovulation in Runx3−⁄− mice was partly due to the alterations in hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary system. Runx3 plays a key role in female reproduction through alteration of gonadotropin secretion. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakahashiSumio en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Sumio kn-aut-name=高橋純夫 kn-aut-sei=高橋 kn-aut-mei=純夫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学大学院自然科学研究科高次生物科学講座・生体統御学分野 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=29 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=1280 end-page=1286 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=20160517 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Expressions of lipoprotein receptors and cholesterol efflux regulatory proteins during luteolysis in bovine corpus luteum en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= The corpus luteum (CL) synthesises and secretes progesterone (P4), which is essential for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in mammals. P4 is synthesised from cholesterol. Cholesterol is internalised by low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and/or scavenger receptor B1 (SR-BI), and is effluxed by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1). To test the hypothesis that lipoprotein receptors and ABC transporters are involved in functional luteolysis, we examined the expression of LDLR, SR-BI, ABCA1 and ABCG1 in bovine CL during the luteal stages and after injection of prostaglandin (PG) F2α on Day 10 after ovulation. Expression of LDLR and SR-BI mRNA and protein was lower in the regressed luteal than late luteal stage. Injection of cows with a PGF2α did not affect LDLR mRNA and protein levels in the CL. Although expression of SR-BI mRNA did not change, SR-BI protein expression decreased 12 and 24 h after PGF2α injection. The overall findings of the present study suggest that the decreased expression of SR-BI induced by PGF2α is one of the factors responsible for the continuous decrease in P4 production during functional luteolysis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HorihataKei en-aut-sei=Horihata en-aut-mei=Kei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshiokaShin en-aut-sei=Yoshioka en-aut-mei=Shin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SanoMasahiro en-aut-sei=Sano en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoYuki en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimuraKoji en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SkarzynskiDariusz J. en-aut-sei=Skarzynski en-aut-mei=Dariusz J. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkudaKiyoshi en-aut-sei=Okuda en-aut-mei=Kiyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=luteal phase kn-keyword=luteal phase en-keyword=ovary kn-keyword=ovary en-keyword=progesterone kn-keyword=progesterone en-keyword=prostaglandin kn-keyword=prostaglandin en-keyword=reproduction kn-keyword=reproduction END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=28 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=673 end-page=681 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2014 dt-pub=201411 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Endothelin as a local regulating factor in the bovine oviduct en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Endothelin (EDN) is a possible regulating factor of oviductal motility, which is important for the transport of gametes and embryo. To clarify the factors that control the secretion of EDN in the bovine oviduct, the expression of EDNs, EDN-converting enzymes (ECEs) and EDN receptors (EDNRs) were investigated. All isoforms of EDN (EDN1-3), ECE (ECE1 and ECE2) and EDNR (EDNRA and EDNRB) were immunolocalised in the epithelial cells of the ampulla and the isthmus. EDNRs were also immunolocalised in smooth-muscle cells. The mRNA expression of EDN2 and ECE2 was higher in cultured ampullary oviductal epithelial cells than in isthmic cells. The expression of EDN1, EDN2 and ECE2 in the ampullary tissue was highest on the day of ovulation. Oestradiol-17β increased EDN2 and ECE1 expression, while progesterone increased only ECE1 expression in cultured ampullary epithelial cells. These results indicate that EDNs are produced by epithelial cells and their target site is smooth-muscle and epithelial cells, and suggest that ovarian steroids are regulators of endothelin synthesis in ampullary oviductal epithelial cells. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamamotoYuki en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KohkaMisa en-aut-sei=Kohka en-aut-mei=Misa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KobayashiYoshihiko en-aut-sei=Kobayashi en-aut-mei=Yoshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=Woclawek-PotockaIzabela en-aut-sei=Woclawek-Potocka en-aut-mei=Izabela kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkudaKiyoshi en-aut-sei=Okuda en-aut-mei=Kiyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=endothelin converting enzyme kn-keyword=endothelin converting enzyme en-keyword=endothelin receptor kn-keyword=endothelin receptor en-keyword=epithelial cell kn-keyword=epithelial cell en-keyword=ovarian steroids kn-keyword=ovarian steroids en-keyword=oviductal contraction and relaxation kn-keyword=oviductal contraction and relaxation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=29 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=1902 end-page=1909 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=20161212 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Presence of vascular endothelial growth factor during the first half of IVM improves the meiotic and developmental competence of porcine oocytes from small follicles en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the meiotic and developmental competence of porcine oocytes from small follicles (SF; 0.5-3mm diameter). When cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) from medium-sized follicles (MF; 3-6mm diameter) and SF were cultured for IVM, the maturation rates were significantly higher for oocytes from MF than SF. Concentrations of VEGF in the medium were significantly higher for COCs cultured from MF than SF. When COCs from SF were exposed to 200ngmL-1 VEGF during the first 20h of IVM, the maturation rate improved significantly and was similar to that of oocytes derived from MF. The fertilisability of oocytes was also significantly higher than that of VEGF-free SF controls. Following parthenogenetic activation, the blastocyst formation rate improved significantly when SF COC culture was supplemented with 200ngmL-1 VEGF, with the rate similar to that of oocytes from MF. The results of the present study indicate that VEGF markedly improves the meiotic and developmental competence of oocytes derived from SF, especially at a concentration of 200ngmL-1 during the first 20h of IVM. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=BuiTra M. T. en-aut-sei=Bui en-aut-mei=Tra M. T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NguyễnKhánh X. en-aut-sei=Nguyễn en-aut-mei=Khánh X. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KarataAsako en-aut-sei=Karata en-aut-mei=Asako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FerréPilar en-aut-sei=Ferré en-aut-mei=Pilar kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TrầnMinh T. en-aut-sei=Trần en-aut-mei=Minh T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=WakaiTakuya en-aut-sei=Wakai en-aut-mei=Takuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=FunahashiHiroaki en-aut-sei=Funahashi en-aut-mei=Hiroaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=pig kn-keyword=pig END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=137 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=83e end-page=91e dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=201601 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Histologic Evaluation of Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis Outcomes in the Rat Experimental Model: Comparison of Cases with Patency and Obstruction en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=BACKGROUND: Lymphaticovenular anastomosis plays an important role in the surgical treatment of lymphedema. The outcomes of lymphaticovenular anastomosis are evaluated based on changes in edema; however, isolated assessment of the anastomosis itself is difficult. The authors used an animal experimental model to conduct a detailed examination of histologic changes associated with lymphaticovenular anastomosis and determined the factors important for success. METHODS: The experimental lymphaticovenular anastomosis model was created using lumbar lymph ducts and iliolumbar veins of Wistar rats. The authors performed anastomosis under a microscope and reviewed postoperative histologic changes using optical and electron microscopy. In addition, electron microscopy and histology were used for detailed examination of the area in the vicinity of the anastomotic region in cases with patency and obstruction. RESULTS: The patency rates immediately after, 1 week after, and 1 month after lymphaticovenular anastomosis were 100 percent (20 of 20), 70 percent (14 of 20), and 65 percent, respectively. A detailed examination of the anastomotic region with electron microscopy revealed that, in cases with patency, there was no notable transformation of the endothelial cells, which formed a smooth layer. In contrast, in obstruction cases, the corresponding region of the endothelium was irregular in structure. CONCLUSIONS: Vessel obstruction after lymphaticovenular anastomosis may be associated with irregular arrangement of the endothelial layer, leading to exposure of subendothelial tissues and platelet formation. One part of the postoperative changes after anastomosis and a cause of obstruction were elucidated in this study. The authors' results may enable improvements in lymphaticovenular anastomosis by translating back to real clinical operations. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OnodaSatoshi en-aut-sei=Onoda en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimataYoshihiro en-aut-sei=Kimata en-aut-mei=Yoshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumotoKumiko en-aut-sei=Matsumoto en-aut-mei=Kumiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadaKiyoshi en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Kiyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Okayama kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Okayama kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Okayama kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Okayama kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=33 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=15 end-page=17 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2017 dt-pub=201704 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Dissecting the hierarchy and lineage of mesenchymal stem cells by mouse genetics kn-title=遺伝子改変マウスを利用した生体内間葉系幹細胞の階層性の理解 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Determination of stem cell hierarchy/lineage is indispensable for a better understanding and augmentation of many aspects of medical sciences, including the mechanisms of tissue development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, as well as disease development. It also has implications in the field of tissue regeneration for medical treatments and disease modeling for drug discovery using iPS technology. Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stem cell that can differentiate into various type of cells including osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes and chondrocytes. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) is an essential transcriptional regulator of osteoblast differentiation. Runx2 deficiency in Prx1+-derived cells (Runx2prx1−/− mice) resulted in defective intramembranous ossification. Double-positive cells for Prx1-GFP and stem cell antigen-1 (Sca1) (Prx1+Sca1+ cells) in the calvaria expressed Runx2 at lower levels and were more homogeneous and primitive as compared with Prx1+Sca1− cells. Our results suggest that osteoblast differentiation in vivo may begin at the Prx1+Sca1+ MSC stage with sequential progression to Prx1+Sca1−cells, then Osx+Prx1−Sca1− osteoblast precursors, which eventually form mature α1(I)-collagen+ osteoblasts. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakaradaTakeshi en-aut-sei=Takarada en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=宝田剛志 kn-aut-sei=宝田 kn-aut-mei=剛志 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Regenerative Science Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科組織機能修復学分野 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=243 end-page=253 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=201608 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effect of Vandetanib on Lung Tumorigenesis in Transgenic Mice Carrying an Activating Egfr Gene Mutation en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Vandetanib (ZactimaTM) is a novel, orally available inhibitor of both vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase. In the present study, a line of transgenic mice with a mouse Egfr gene mutation (delE748-A752) corresponding to a human EGFR mutation (delE746-A750) was established. The transgenic mice developed atypical adenomatous hyperplasia to adenocarcinoma of the lung at around 5 weeks of age and died of lung tumors at approximately 17 weeks of age. In the mice treated with vandetanib (6mg/kg/day), these lung tumors disappeared and the phosphorylations of EGFR and VEGFR-2 were reduced in lung tissues to levels comparable to those of non-transgenic control mice. The median overall survival time of the transgenic mice was 28 weeks in the vandetanib-treated group and 17 weeks in the vehicle-treated group. Vandetanib significantly prolonged the survival of the transgenic mice (log-rank test, p<0.01); resistance to vandetanib occurred at 20 weeks of age and the animals died from their lung tumors at about 28 weeks of age. These data suggest that vandetanib could suppress the progression of tumors harboring an activating EGFR mutation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OsawaMasahiro en-aut-sei=Osawa en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhashiKadoaki en-aut-sei=Ohashi en-aut-mei=Kadoaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuboToshio en-aut-sei=Kubo en-aut-mei=Toshio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=IchiharaEiki en-aut-sei=Ichihara en-aut-mei=Eiki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakataSaburo en-aut-sei=Takata en-aut-mei=Saburo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakigawaNagio en-aut-sei=Takigawa en-aut-mei=Nagio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=Takata Minoru en-aut-sei=Takata en-aut-mei=Minoru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanimotoMitsune en-aut-sei=Tanimoto en-aut-mei=Mitsune kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=KiuraKatsuyuki en-aut-sei=Kiura en-aut-mei=Katsuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Haematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Haematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Haematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Haematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Haematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Haematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Haematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=vandetanib kn-keyword=vandetanib en-keyword=VEGFR kn-keyword=VEGFR en-keyword=EGFR kn-keyword=EGFR en-keyword=nonsmall cell lung cancer kn-keyword=nonsmall cell lung cancer en-keyword=transgenic mouse kn-keyword=transgenic mouse END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=105 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=29 end-page=33 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=20160201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Regulatory mechanisms for the expressions of local factors controlling bovine oviductal smooth muscle motility kn-title=ウシ卵管平滑筋運動を制御する局所 因子とその発現制御機構 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Oviductal motility is required for transport of oocyte and embryo resulting in successful fertilization and implantation in mammals. The oviduct consists of epithelial, stromal and smooth muscle layers. Oviductal motility is systemically and locally regulated by various factors including prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) and endothelins (EDNs), and relaxing factors including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO). The objective of our research is to clarify the regulatory system of oviductal motility including the production mechanisms of these factors in cattle. First, the expressions of regulating factors of oviductal motility were examined throughout the estrous cycle in the bovine oviduct. Some of them showed cyclical changes, which suggested that they were controlled by some other factors. Second, the effects of ovarian steroids or oviductal local factors on the expressions of PGs, EDNs and NO synthases were investigated using cell culture method. Several factors such as estradiol‒17beta, progesterone and lysophosphatidic acid affected the expressions of regulating factors of smooth muscle motility. In addition, we found that these actions differed between the ampulla and isthmus in same types of cultured cell. Our studies suggest that regulatory factors of oviductal motility are produced during the optimal period and at proper location to transport the oocyte and early embryo in the bovine oviduct. Although the precise control of oviductal motility is essential for successful pregnancy, methods for diagnosing and treating of its functional abnormality have not been established yet not only in cows but also in other animals including human. Our studies should contribute to improving the fertility rates in mammals. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamamotoYuki en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name=山本ゆき kn-aut-sei=山本 kn-aut-mei=ゆき aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学農学部 en-keyword=ovarian steroid kn-keyword=ovarian steroid en-keyword=oviduct kn-keyword=oviduct en-keyword=prostaglandin kn-keyword=prostaglandin en-keyword=physiology kn-keyword=physiology en-keyword=smooth muscle motility kn-keyword=smooth muscle motility END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=104 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=23 end-page=34 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2015 dt-pub=20150201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Why do rabbits ingest their feces ? kn-title=ウサギはなぜ糞を食べる? en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= The utilization of dietary energy and protein must depend on microbial activity in the gut in every herbivore. For animals adopting the cecum as a microbial habitat, from the viewpoint of the protein utilization, the position of the cecum in the digestive tract is less advantageous than that of foregut fermenters. As a solution to this problem, cecum fermenters perform cecotrophy in order to utilize microbial protein proliferating in the cecum. Cecotrophy is supported by the mechanism that separates microbes from digesta in the colon, sends them back into the cecum and promotes microbial proliferation in the cecum. The colonic separation mechanism can be classified into two types. One is the mucus-trap type separation of bacteria with mucus from digesta in the proximal colon of rodents. The other is the wash-back type separation of particle phase of the colonic contents and liquid phase containing microbes in the colon of rabbits. For microbes guaranteed to inhabit the cecum under colonic separation mechanism, it is necessary for them to obtain sufficient nutrients for survival and proliferation. The source of nitrogen is easily obtained as urea transfered from the blood flow. On the other hand, the energy source is considered to be the limiting factor for bacterial proliferation due to the limited amount of easily usable energy source. In fact, cecal microbial proliferation of rabbits and guinea pigs increases when adding indigestible but fermentable sugars to the feed. As a result, the amount of cecotrophy increases, and the percentage of nitrogen accumulation in the body tends to increase. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SakaguchiEi en-aut-sei=Sakaguchi en-aut-mei=Ei kn-aut-name=坂口英 kn-aut-sei=坂口 kn-aut-mei=英 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学農学部 en-keyword=Small herbivore kn-keyword=Small herbivore en-keyword=Cecum kn-keyword=Cecum en-keyword=Nitrogen metabolism kn-keyword=Nitrogen metabolism en-keyword=Cecotrophy kn-keyword=Cecotrophy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=26 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=116 end-page=121 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2011 dt-pub=201101 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Serum levels of platelet-derived growth factor-BB and vascular endothelial growth factor as prognostic factors for patients with fulminant hepatic failure en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background and Aims: In animal models for acute liver injury, the administration of some angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) are shown to reduce liver injury and improve liver proliferative capacity. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of angiogenic factors in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). Methods: Serum levels of nine angiogenic factors (angiopoietin-2, follistatin, G-CSF, hepatocyte growth factor [HGF], interleukin-8, leptin, platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF]-BB, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 and VEGF) were measured using the Bio-Plex Protein Array System in 30 patients, 17 of whom were diagnosed with FHF, 13 with acute hepatitis (AH), and 20 controls. Results: Serum levels of PDGF-BB and VEGF were lower in FHF patients than AH patients and controls (PDGF-BB; 2050 +/- 1572 pg/mL vs 4521 +/- 2419 pg/mL vs 8506 +/- 5500 pg/mL, VEGF; 39 +/- 38 pg/mL vs 144 +/- 122 pg/mL vs 205 +/- 121 pg/mL). By using univariate logistic regression models, serum levels of PDGF-BB and VEGF were associated with poor outcomes. Serum PDGF-BB levels were strongly correlated with serum VEGF levels (r = 0.70). Furthermore, serum PDGF-BB levels were significantly correlated with platelet counts (r = 0.79), PT activity (r = 0.37) and D.Bil/T.Bil ratio (r = 0.50), while serum VEGF levels were significantly correlated with platelet counts (r = 0.68) and PT activity (r = 0.38). Conclusions: We consider that serum levels of PDGF-BB and VEGF are worth investigating as biomarkers for predicting outcomes of FHF patients. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakayamaHiroki en-aut-sei=Takayama en-aut-mei=Hiroki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyakeYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Miyake en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NousoKazuhiro en-aut-sei=Nouso en-aut-mei=Kazuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=IkedaFusao en-aut-sei=Ikeda en-aut-mei=Fusao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShirahaHidenori en-aut-sei=Shiraha en-aut-mei=Hidenori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakakiAkinobu en-aut-sei=Takaki en-aut-mei=Akinobu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KobashiHaruhiko en-aut-sei=Kobashi en-aut-mei=Haruhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoKazuhide en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Kazuhide kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol en-keyword=fulminant hepatic failure kn-keyword=fulminant hepatic failure en-keyword=hepatocyte growth factor kn-keyword=hepatocyte growth factor en-keyword=platelet-derived growth factor-BB kn-keyword=platelet-derived growth factor-BB en-keyword=prognostic factor kn-keyword=prognostic factor en-keyword=vascular endothelial growth factor kn-keyword=vascular endothelial growth factor END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=30 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=11 end-page=13 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2014 dt-pub=201404 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Hox gene and development of the auditory circuit kn-title=Hox 遺伝子と聴覚回路の発生 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Sound vibration is sensed by hair cells in the inner ear. The information is transmitted to the cochlear nucleus in the brainstem via spiral ganglion neurons. The information is further transmitted to higher relaying centers in the brain such as superior olivary complex and inferior colliculus. The connectivity between these components is topographically organized in a frequency-specific manner. It is known that the organization is well-established from the beginning of the circuit development. However, little is still known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of connectivity in the auditory circuit. Homeobox transcription factors of the Hox gene family are known for their involvement in early anterior-posterior axis patterning of neuronal progenitors in the hindbrain. Recent evidence indicates that they also play important roles in late aspects of neuronal development and establishment of topographic circuitry. Moreover, a mutation in the HOXA2 gene has been recently shown to be responsible for hearing deficits in humans. By means of spatiotemporally controlled Hoxa2 and Hoxb2 conditional mutations in the mouse we analyzed the involvement of these factors in auditory circuit development and connectivity. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NaritaYuichi en-aut-sei=Narita en-aut-mei=Yuichi kn-aut-name=成田裕一 kn-aut-sei=成田 kn-aut-mei=裕一 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=Kajari Karmakar en-aut-sei=Kajari Karmakar en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=Sébastien Ducret en-aut-sei=Sébastien Ducret en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=Filippo M. Rijli en-aut-sei=Filippo M. Rijli en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=名古屋文理大学健康生活学部 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=8 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=20130507 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effects of Biliverdin Administration on Acute Lung Injury Induced by Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation in Rats en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation induces pulmonary inflammation that leads to acute lung injury. Biliverdin, a metabolite of heme catabolism, has been shown to have potent cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects. This study aimed to examine the effects of intravenous biliverdin administration on lung injury induced by hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rats. Biliverdin or vehicle was administered to the rats 1 h before sham or hemorrhagic shock-inducing surgery. The sham-operated rats underwent all surgical procedures except bleeding. To induce hemorrhagic shock, rats were bled to achieve a mean arterial pressure of 30 mmHg that was maintained for 60 min, followed by resuscitation with shed blood. Histopathological changes in the lungs were evaluated by histopathological scoring analysis. Inflammatory gene expression was determined by Northern blot analysis, and oxidative DNA damage was assessed by measuring 8-hydroxy-2' deoxyguanosine levels in the lungs. Hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation resulted in prominent histopathological damage, including congestion, edema, cellular infiltration, and hemorrhage. Biliverdin administration prior to hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation significantly ameliorated these lung injuries as judged by histopathological improvement. After hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation, inflammatory gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and inducible nitric oxide synthase were increased by 18- and 8-fold, respectively. Inflammatory gene expression significantly decreased when biliverdin was administered prior to hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. Moreover, after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation, lung 8-hydroxy-2' deoxyguanosine levels in mitochondrial DNA expressed in the pulmonary interstitium increased by 1.5-fold. Biliverdin administration prior to hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation decreased mitochondrial 8-hydroxy-2' deoxyguanosine levels to almost the same level as that in the control animals. We also confirmed that biliverdin administration after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation had protective effects on lung injury. Our findings suggest that biliverdin has a protective role, at least in part, against hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation-induced lung injury through anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant mechanisms. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KosakaJunko en-aut-sei=Kosaka en-aut-mei=Junko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorimatsuHiroshi en-aut-sei=Morimatsu en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiToru en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Toru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimizuHiroko en-aut-sei=Shimizu en-aut-mei=Hiroko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawanishiSusumu en-aut-sei=Kawanishi en-aut-mei=Susumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=OmoriEmiko en-aut-sei=Omori en-aut-mei=Emiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=EndoYasumasa en-aut-sei=Endo en-aut-mei=Yasumasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TamakiNaofumi en-aut-sei=Tamaki en-aut-mei=Naofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaManabu en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Manabu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaKiyoshi en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Kiyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Prevent Dent affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Univ Tokushima, Grad Sch, Dept Prevent Dent, Inst Hlth Biosci affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Prevent Dent affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=125 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=229 end-page=234 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=20131202 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Roles for a tissue morphogenetic factor, Fgf10 kn-title=組織形成因子Fgf10 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OhuchiHideyo en-aut-sei=Ohuchi en-aut-mei=Hideyo kn-aut-name=大内淑代 kn-aut-sei=大内 kn-aut-mei=淑代 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科 細胞組織学 en-keyword=Fgf10 kn-keyword=Fgf10 en-keyword=線維芽細胞増殖因子 kn-keyword=線維芽細胞増殖因子 en-keyword=上皮間葉相互作用 kn-keyword=上皮間葉相互作用 en-keyword=組織形成 kn-keyword=組織形成 en-keyword=シスエレメント kn-keyword=シスエレメント END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=14 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=230 end-page=236 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=201303 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Antiproliferative effect of a novel mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus contributes to the prolonged survival of orthotopic esophageal cancer-bearing mice en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains one of the most aggressive cancers with poor prognosis regardless of a several reports that indicate a better therapeutic efficacy using some new chemotherapeutic agents. Recent drug development has contributed to an improved specificity to suppress mTOR activity by which many types of malignancies can be explosively progressed. Temsirolimus (CCI-779, TricelTM) is one of recently synthesized analogs of rapamycin and has provided better outcomes for patients with renal cell carcinoma. In this study, we experimentally evaluated an efficacy of targeting mTOR by temsirolimus for ESCC treatment, with an assessment of its survival advantage using an advanced ESCC animal model. First, we confirmed that the expression of phosphorylated mTOR was increased in 46 of 58 clinical ESCC tumor tissues (79.3%) and appeared to get strengthened with tumor progression. All of ESCC cell lines used in this study revealed an increase of mTOR phosphorylation, accompanied with the upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor-I alpha (HIF-1 alpha), one of the critical effectors regulated by mTOR. Temsirolimus treatment apparently suppressed the activation of mTOR and its downstream effectors, resulting in the reduced ability of ESCC cell proliferation. Finally, the weekly administration of temsirolimus significantly diminished the size of subcutaneous tumors (vehicle, 3261.6 +/- 722.0; temsirolimus, 599.2 +/- 122.9; p = 0.007) in nude mice and effectively prolonged orthotopic esophageal cancer-bearing mice (median survival periods: control, 31 d; temsirolimus, 43 d; p = 0.0024). These data suggests that targeting mTOR by temsirolimus may become a therapeutic alternative for esophageal cancer, with a contribution to a better outcome. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NishikawaToshio en-aut-sei=Nishikawa en-aut-mei=Toshio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakaokaMunenori en-aut-sei=Takaoka en-aut-mei=Munenori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OharaToshiaki en-aut-sei=Ohara en-aut-mei=Toshiaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TomonoYasuko en-aut-sei=Tomono en-aut-mei=Yasuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HaoHuifang en-aut-sei=Hao en-aut-mei=Huifang kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=BaoXiaohong en-aut-sei=Bao en-aut-mei=Xiaohong kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukazawaTakuya en-aut-sei=Fukazawa en-aut-mei=Takuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=WangZhigang en-aut-sei=Wang en-aut-mei=Zhigang kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakuramaKazufumi en-aut-sei=Sakurama en-aut-mei=Kazufumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiwaraYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=MotokiTakayuki en-aut-sei=Motoki en-aut-mei=Takayuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShirakawaYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Shirakawa en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamatsujiTomoki en-aut-sei=Yamatsuji en-aut-mei=Tomoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaNoriaki en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Noriaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiwaraToshiyoshi en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=Toshiyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=NaomotoYoshio en-aut-sei=Naomoto en-aut-mei=Yoshio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol Surg & Surg Oncol affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol Surg & Surg Oncol affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol Surg & Surg Oncol affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Shigei Med Res Inst affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol Surg & Surg Oncol affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol Surg & Surg Oncol affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol Surg & Surg Oncol affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Inner Mongolia Univ, Coll Life Sci, Dept Biol affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol Surg & Surg Oncol affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol Surg & Surg Oncol affil-num=11 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol Surg & Surg Oncol affil-num=12 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol Surg & Surg Oncol affil-num=13 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol Surg & Surg Oncol affil-num=14 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol Surg & Surg Oncol affil-num=15 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol Surg & Surg Oncol affil-num=16 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol Surg & Surg Oncol en-keyword=temsirolimus kn-keyword=temsirolimus en-keyword=esophageal cancer kn-keyword=esophageal cancer en-keyword=mTOR kn-keyword=mTOR en-keyword=prolonged survival kn-keyword=prolonged survival en-keyword=molecular-targeted therapy kn-keyword=molecular-targeted therapy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=4 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=572 end-page=576 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200811 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Hemin Treatment Abrogates Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Treatment of rats with monocrotaline (MCT), a pyrrolizidine alkaloid plant toxin, is known to cause pulmonary hypertension (PH), and it has been used as a useful experimental model of PH. Recent findings suggested that pulmonary inflammation may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of MCT-induced PH. We also demonstrated that, following MCT administration to rats, there was a significant and sustained increase in the pulmonary expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is known to be induced by various oxidative stresses, including inflammation and free heme, and is thought to be essential in the protection against oxidative tissue injuries. In this study, we administered hemin (ferriprotoporphyrin chloride, 30 mol/kg b.w., subcutaneously), a potent inducer of HO-1, every 3 days to rats following subcutaneous administration of MCT (60 mg/kg) and examined its effect on MCT-induced PH and pulmonary inflammation. MCT administration caused pulmonary arterial wall thickening with marked elevation of right ventricular pressure, in association with prominent pulmonary inflammation as revealed by the increase in gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and the number of infiltrated neutrophils in the lung. In contrast, hemin treatment of MCT-administered animals, which led to a further increase in pulmonary HO-1 mRNA expression, significantly ameliorated MCT-induced PH as well as tissue inflammation. These findings suggest that hemin treatment ameliorates MCT-induced PH possibly mediated through induction of pulmonary HO-1 which leads to the attenuation of pulmonary inflammation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ShimzuK. en-aut-sei=Shimzu en-aut-mei=K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiT. en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=IwasakiT. en-aut-sei=Iwasaki en-aut-mei=T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimizuH. en-aut-sei=Shimizu en-aut-mei=H. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=InoueK. en-aut-sei=Inoue en-aut-mei=K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorimatsuH. en-aut-sei=Morimatsu en-aut-mei=H. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OmoriE. en-aut-sei=Omori en-aut-mei=E. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumiM. en-aut-sei=Matsumi en-aut-mei=M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkagiR. en-aut-sei=Akagi en-aut-mei=R. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaK. en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med & Dent, Dept Anesthesiol & Resuscitol affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med & Dent, Dept Anesthesiol & Resuscitol affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med & Dent, Dept Anesthesiol & Resuscitol affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med & Dent, Dept Anesthesiol & Resuscitol affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med & Dent, Dept Anesthesiol & Resuscitol affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med & Dent, Dept Anesthesiol & Resuscitol affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med & Dent, Dept Anesthesiol & Resuscitol affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med & Dent, Dept Anesthesiol & Resuscitol affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Prefectural Univ, Dept Nutr Sci affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med & Dent, Dept Anesthesiol & Resuscitol en-keyword=Heme oxygenase-1 kn-keyword=Heme oxygenase-1 en-keyword=hemin kn-keyword=hemin en-keyword=inflammation kn-keyword=inflammation en-keyword=monocrotaline kn-keyword=monocrotaline en-keyword=pulmonary hypertension kn-keyword=pulmonary hypertension en-keyword=tumor necrosis factor-alpha kn-keyword=tumor necrosis factor-alpha END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=40 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=33 end-page=40 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=201301 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Preventive effects of trehalose on osteoclast differentiation in rat periodontitis model en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Aim Trehalose, which is a disaccharide formed by a 1,1 linkage of two glucose molecules, was suggested to have a suppressive effect on bone resorption. In this study, we examined the effects of topical application of trehalose on osteoclast differentiation in a rat periodontitis model. Material and Methods Rats were divided into four groups. One group received no treatment. In the other groups, experimental periodontitis was induced by ligature placement. These rats with experimental periodontitis received topical application of pure water (vehicle group), 30 mg/ml trehalose solution (30 mg/ml trehalose group) or 60 mg/ml trehalose solution (60 mg/ml trehalose group) to the gingival sulcus respectively. Results The vehicle group showed higher numbers of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)-positive cells and osteoclasts compared with the no treatment group respectively. Trehalose-applied groups exhibited lower numbers of these cells compared with the vehicle group. Gene expressions of tumour necrosis factor-a, RANKL and toll-like receptor 4 were suppressed by trehalose. In addition, protein expressions of RANKL inducing pathway were less activated by trehalose. Conclusion Topical application of trehalose could suppress osteoclast differentiation by inactivation of RANKL inducing pathway in the rat periodontitis model. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=EndoYasumasa en-aut-sei=Endo en-aut-mei=Yasumasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TomofujiTakaaki en-aut-sei=Tomofuji en-aut-mei=Takaaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=EkuniDaisuke en-aut-sei=Ekuni en-aut-mei=Daisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=AzumaTetsuji en-aut-sei=Azuma en-aut-mei=Tetsuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=IrieKoichiro en-aut-sei=Irie en-aut-mei=Koichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KasuyamaKenta en-aut-sei=Kasuyama en-aut-mei=Kenta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaManabu en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Manabu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Prevent Dent affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil= en-keyword=animal studies kn-keyword=animal studies en-keyword=osteoclast kn-keyword=osteoclast en-keyword=periodontitis kn-keyword=periodontitis en-keyword=trehalose kn-keyword=trehalose END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=41 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=171 end-page=181 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=201301 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Redox-Active Protein Thioredoxin-1 Administration Ameliorates Influenza A Virus (H1N1)-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Objectives: Influenza virus infections can cause severe acute lung injury leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Thioredoxin-1 is a redox-active defensive protein induced in response to stress conditions. Animal experiments have revealed that thioredoxin-1 has protective effects against various severe disorders. This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of recombinant human thioredoxin-1 administration on influenza A virus (H1N1)-induced acute lung injury in mice. Design: Prospective animal trial. Setting: Research laboratory. Subjects: Nine-week-old male C57BL/6 mice inoculated with H1N1. Intervention: The mice were divided into a vehicle-treated group and recombinant human thioredoxin-1-treated group. For survival rate analysis, the vehicle or recombinant human thioredoxin-1 was administered intraperitoneally every second day from day -1 to day 13. For lung lavage and pathological analyses, vehicle or recombinant human thioredoxin-1 was administered intraperitoneally on days 1, 1, and 3. Measurements and Main Results: Lung lavage and pathological analyses were performed at 24, 72, and 120 hrs after inoculation. The recombinant human thioredoxin-1 treatment significantly improved the survival rate of H1N1-inoculated mice, although the treatment did not affect virus propagation in the lung. The treatment significantly attenuated the histological changes and neutrophil infiltration in the lung of H1N1-inoculated mice. The treatment significantly attenuated the production of tumor necrosis factor-a and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 in the lung and oxidative stress enhancement, which were observed in H1N1-inoculated mice. H1N1 induced expressions of tumor necrosis factor-a and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 in murine lung epithelial cells MLE-12, which were inhibited by the addition of recombinant human thioredoxin-1. The recombinant human thioredoxin-1 treatment started 30 mins after H1N1 inoculation also significantly improved the survival of the mice. Conclusions: Exogenous administration of recombinant human thioredoxin-1 significantly improved the survival rate and attenuated lung histological changes in the murine model of influenza pneumonia. The protective mechanism of thioredoxin-1 might be explained by its potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions. Consequently, recombinant human thioredoxin-1 might be a possible pharmacological strategy for severe influenza virus infection in humans. (Crit Care Med 2013; 41:171-181) en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YashiroMasato en-aut-sei=Yashiro en-aut-mei=Masato kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsukaharaHirokazu en-aut-sei=Tsukahara en-aut-mei=Hirokazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsukawaAkihiro en-aut-sei=Matsukawa en-aut-mei=Akihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadaMutsuko en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Mutsuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiiYosuke en-aut-sei=Fujii en-aut-mei=Yosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NagaokaYoshiharu en-aut-sei=Nagaoka en-aut-mei=Yoshiharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsugeMitsuru en-aut-sei=Tsuge en-aut-mei=Mitsuru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamashitaNobuko en-aut-sei=Yamashita en-aut-mei=Nobuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=ItoToshihiro en-aut-sei=Ito en-aut-mei=Toshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadaMasao en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Masao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=MasutaniHiroshi en-aut-sei=Masutani en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pediat affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pediat affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pathol & Expt Med affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pediat affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pediat affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pediat affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pediat affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pediat affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pathol & Expt Med affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Virol affil-num=11 en-affil= kn-affil=Kyoto Univ, Inst Virus Res, Dept Biol Responses en-keyword=acute lung injury kn-keyword=acute lung injury en-keyword=cytokine kn-keyword=cytokine en-keyword=influenza virus kn-keyword=influenza virus en-keyword=mouse kn-keyword=mouse en-keyword=oxidative stress kn-keyword=oxidative stress en-keyword=thioredoxin-1 kn-keyword=thioredoxin-1 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=102 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=43 end-page=51 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=20130201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effects of Sex-steroid Hormones on Lymphocyte Genesis in the Central Lymphoid Organs of Chickens kn-title=ニワトリのリンパ球造成と性ステロイドホルモン en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Lymphocytes play essential roles as a kind of leukocyte in the defense mechanism of animals against infectious factors. Lymphocytes are classified into two subsets, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in mammals or avian species. In avian species, T lymphocytes differentiate and proliferate in the thymus which is a central lymphoid organ common to mammalians and avian species, whereas on the other hand, B lymphocytes have been known to occur in the bursa of Fabricius (bursa) which is a unique central lymphoid organ of birds. Steroid hormones, such as androgen and estrogen, have been reported to change differentiations and proliferations of these lymphocytes in corresponding lymphoid organs, indicating steroid hormones give influence lymphocyte development positively or negatively in the bursa and thymus of birds. Studying the relation between steroid hormones and lymphocyte development in the central lymphoid organs is important, because changes in the lymphocyte genesis in central organs of birds may result in altered levels of antibody production and immune functions related to T lymphocyte activity. We have studied effects of androgen and estrogen on lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation in the central lymphoid organs of chicken at Okayama University since the 1980s. In the present report, the results of these studies are summarized. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KondoYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name=近藤康博 kn-aut-sei=近藤 kn-aut-mei=康博 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=lymphocyte kn-keyword=lymphocyte en-keyword=steroid hormone kn-keyword=steroid hormone en-keyword=bursa of Fabricius kn-keyword=bursa of Fabricius en-keyword=thymus kn-keyword=thymus END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=66 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=317 end-page=327 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2012 dt-pub=201208 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Water Extract of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat Leaves Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Progressive NASH Rats en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of the water extract of leaves of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat (VCPL) on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with advanced fibrosis, as our previous study exhibited its preventive effect on NASH. The NASH animal model [PCT/JP2007/52477] was prepared by loading recurrent and intermittent hypoxemia stress to a rat with fatty liver, which resembled the condition occurring in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and fatty liver, who have a high incidence of NASH. Intermittent hypoxemia stress is regarded as a condition similar to warm ischemia followed by re-oxygenation, which induces oxidative stress (OS). The daily 100 or 300mg/kg VCPL administrations were performed for 3 weeks perorally beginning at the time of detection of advanced liver fibrosis. The therapeutic efficacy of VCPL on NASH was demonstrated by the reduction of the leakage of hepato-biliary enzymes and the amelioration of liver fibrosis. The OS elevation in NASH rats was measured based on the derivation of reactive oxygen species from liver mitochondrial energy metabolism and on the decrease in plasma SOD-like activity. The aggravation of inflammatory responses was demonstrated by the neutrophil infiltration (elevated myeloperoxidase activity) and the progression of fibrosis in the livers of NASH rats. In addition, the NASH rats without VCPL treatment also exhibited activation of nuclear factor-κB, a key factor in the link between oxidative stress and inflammation. All of these changes were reduced dose-dependently by the VCPL administration. These findings indicate that VCPL may improve hepatic fibrosis or at least suppress the progression of NASH, by breaking the crosstalk between OS and inflammation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=PakWing en-aut-sei=Pak en-aut-mei=Wing kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakayamaFusako en-aut-sei=Takayama en-aut-mei=Fusako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HasegawaAzusa en-aut-sei=Hasegawa en-aut-mei=Azusa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MankuraMitsumasa en-aut-sei=Mankura en-aut-mei=Mitsumasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=EgashiraToru en-aut-sei=Egashira en-aut-mei=Toru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=UekiKeiji en-aut-sei=Ueki en-aut-mei=Keiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakamotoKazuo en-aut-sei=Nakamoto en-aut-mei=Kazuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawasakiHiromu en-aut-sei=Kawasaki en-aut-mei=Hiromu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriAkitane en-aut-sei=Mori en-aut-mei=Akitane kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Anti-Aging Food Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiruzen Winery Co., Ltd affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Anti-Aging Food Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine en-keyword=non-alcoholic steatohepatitis kn-keyword=non-alcoholic steatohepatitis en-keyword=antioxidative kn-keyword=antioxidative en-keyword=oxidative stress kn-keyword=oxidative stress en-keyword=anti-inflammation kn-keyword=anti-inflammation en-keyword=Vitis coignetiae Pulliat kn-keyword=Vitis coignetiae Pulliat END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=33 cd-vols= no-issue=372 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=34 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1921 dt-pub=19210131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=ELECTRIC CHARGES OF THE RED BLOOD CORPUSCLES en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=1. It is stated that the erythrocytes show a different cataphoresis in the same solution according to the species of the animals and the erythrocytes of the same animal in two different solutions. 2. The erythrocytes of the rabbit possess in 0,9% NaCl solution a positive charge unlike those of the other animals, while they are charged in the isotonic sugar solution most negatively charged. 3. The cataphoresis of the erythrocytes was observed under the microscope not only in the NaCl solution but in many other salt solutions. 4. The statement follows how the cataphoretic phenomena which the erythrocytes show in the isotonic solution of NaCl or cane-sugar are modified by the addition of several reagents. 5. A test is made showing the change of pH of different solutions after the addition of the erythrocytes. 6. It is demonstrated that some Cl-ions in solutions of NaCl or KCl are taken by the erythrocytes which in turn give off some HCO3-ions. 7. Of all the animals the efficiency of the erythrocytes to raise pH of some salt solutions, especially of acid salt solutions is the greatest in the rabbit and the least in the dog as far as they were examined. 8. On the other hand the erythrocytes of the rabbit have a weaker efficacy to neutralize an alkaline solution than those of the dog, guinea-pig or goat. 9. While the erythrocytes absorb some Cl-ions in an acid salt solution, they release these in an alkaline salt solution. 10. The strong efficiency of the rabbit erythrocytes to raise pH of some solutions is an important factor, the explanation, perhaps, being that they possess a positive charge in the salt solution unlike those of almost all other animals. Likewise the fact that the erythrocytes of the dog have a strong negative charge in the salt solution seems to bear upon their weak efficacy to neutralize an acid solution. 11. In order to explain the cataphoresis of the erythrocytes in the sugarsolution a hypothesis is offered concerning the permeability of the membrane of the erythrocytes. If the erythrocytes of the rabbit are thrown into a sugar solution which contains no electrolytes, there would occur a condensation of the cell membrane, so that it would hinder the passage of some anions, while the diffusion of cations goes on unaffected. On the other hand the permeability of the erythrocytes of the dog and cat seems to remain almost unchanged in the sugar solution as well as in the salt solution. For this reason the erythrocytes of the rabbit become in the sugar-solution strongly negatively charged, while those of the dog and cat remain weakly negatively charged. 12. Such solutions as 3,0% glycerine, 5,0% d-glucose, 5,0% laevulose, 9,5 % lactose and 2,0% glycocoll have the same effect as that of 9,5% canesugar solution on the cataphoresis of the erythrocytes. 13. The erythrocytes of the rabbit which have a strong power to neutralize an acid solution and are slightly positively charged in 0,9% NaCl solution resist the haemolytic effect of the acid more obstinately than those of other animals. On the contrary the crythrocytes of the goat which show a strong negative potential in 0,9% NaCl solution are most liable to the haemolysis caused by the acid. Generally speaking it seems probable that erythrocytes which are strongly negatively charged in the NaCl solution dissolve in an acid solution more easily than those weakly charged. 14. But in a solution of reserve acidity in which some substance acts as "buffer" the erythrocytes of the rabbit are most liable to haemolysis, while those of the goat and dog show a great resistance at least during the first few hours. 15. The erythrocytes of the dog are most easily dissolved in the alkaline solution. With this special exception, the erythrocytes of the rabbit are most liable to haemolysis and those of the goat and rat show the greatest resistance when they are thrown into the solution. Generally speaking it seems probable, that less negatively charged erythrocytes in the NaCl solution are more liable to the haemolytic effect of the base, the case of the dog being excluded. 16. Those elements which possess lower solution pressures than hydrogen have generally a strong power to dissolve or destroy the erythrocytes, and less negatively charged erythrocytes seem to be more liable to haemolysis in solutions of the copper, mercury, silver, gold or platinum compounds. 17. Those elements which possess higher solution pressures than hydrogen have generally only a weak haemolytic effect or none at all, but the trivalent cations Fe(…) and Al(…) are powerful in causing haemolysis, their effect resembling that of the acid. 18. The haemolytic effect of saponin, natrium oleat and alcohol has no bearing on the electric charge of the erythrocytes and seems to be chiefly concerned with the action to dissolve the lipoid. 19. Likewise the haemolysis caused by hypotonic solutions has no relation to the electric charge of the erythrocytes.20. The resistance of the erythrocytes towards hypotonic NaCl solutions is increased by the effect of the alkali and decreased by that of the acid (HAMBURGER). This change is seen very markedly in the goat erythrocytes which have a strong negative potential, while the positively charged erythrocytes of the rabbit in such cases show very little or no change at all. 21. The haemolytic serum has a power to neutralize the charge of the erythrocytes. This action must be attributed to either the amboceptor or agglutinin, the complement having surely nothing to do with it. An experiment on the goat erythrocytes gave a result, which seems to suggest, that the amboceptor acts upon the erythrocytes more effectually than the agglutinin, as far as the electric charge is concerned. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KosakaK. en-aut-sei=Kosaka en-aut-mei=K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SekiM. en-aut-sei=Seki en-aut-mei=M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Anatomical Laboratory of the Okayama Medical School affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Anatomical Laboratory of the Okayama Medical School END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=42 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=1015 end-page=1043 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1930 dt-pub=19300531 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental Research in Anoxaemia (anaemic type) kn-title=Anoxaemia (anaemic type)ニ關スル實驗的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A large quantity of blood was shed from dogs and immediately replaced by the injection of an equal volume of Acacia-Ringer solution (Ringer solution mixed with 7% of gum acacia) into the vein in order to prevent any fall of blood pressure, (due to loss of blood, ) and to maintain the normal state of circulation. The content and tension of oxygen in the blood under the abovementioned conditions and the recovery of these from their now lowered level to the normal, were studied. Concomitant changes in the blood, viz., in the number of erythrocytes, and in the volume-ratio of blood corpuscles to the plasma and the haemoglobincontent of blood, were observed during the successive days. 1) By the letting of blood, the oxygen content in the arterial blood was lowered until it was 8.95 vol% or below; in these cases the animals succumbed always; but in cases in which the oxygen content remained over 10.55 vol%, the animals survived. 2) The critical amount of oxygen in the blood, the severe loss of blood and the lowered oxygentension of the respiratory air, all coincide in producing death. The determining factor in producing death, in these cases, was the deficiency of oxygen in the blood. 3) The decrease of the oxygen content in the blood below the critical value is shown by the decrease of the respiration frequency, especially in the most case by the respiration of Cheyne-Stokes type. 4) It seems as if failure of the respiratory centre to respond foretells the death of animals in the case of anoxaemia, for if the frequency of the respiration in anoxaemia exceeds the normal rate (i.e. the rate of respiration before the bleeding a. s. f., ) the prognosis is generally favourable; but if the centre can not respond to the lack of oxygen with increased respiration frequency, the animal, without exception, expires. 5) The amount of the lost blood until about 44% of the total blood volume (which was calculated as 9.72% of the body weight, according to Meek and Gasser) could be safely replaced by Acacia-Ringer solution; but a loss of blood exceeding 45% could not be safely replaced in this way. 6) Socalled “head of oxygen” i.e. the difference between the oxygencontents of arterial and venous blood decreased to 2.0% (normal value is 5.66 to 3.66%, average 4.26%, ) when about 44% of blood was replaced by Acacia-Ringer. If this value fell lower than 1.62%, by the replacement of a greater amount of blood by Acacia-Ringer, the animal died. 7) Complete recovery of the blood to its normal volume and number of bloo-dcorpuscles, required 33 to 40 days, if the shed blood was replaced by an equal amount of hypertonic Acacia-Ringer. If isotonic Acacia-Ringer was used, the recovery was effected in 24 to 27 days. Recovery of the amount of haemologlobin delayed about 3 days from this term. 8) The recovery of the blood to normal conditions of oxygencontent, numbers of erythrocytes and the amount of haemoglobin proceeded steadily, when replacement of the shed blood was made by isotonic Acacia-Ringer. If hypertonic Acaeia-Ringer was used for replacement, hydraemia followed withinin a few days during the early stages of recovery. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YosizumiSeiiti en-aut-sei=Yosizumi en-aut-mei=Seiiti kn-aut-name=吉栖生一 kn-aut-sei=吉栖 kn-aut-mei=生一 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學生理學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=43 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=1485 end-page=1503 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1931 dt-pub=19310630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Pharmacological Studies on the Round Ligament of the Human Uterus kn-title=人類子宮圓靱帯ノ藥理學的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Notwithstanding the fact that pharmacological studies on the ligamentum teres uteri of various animals have been pretty thoroughly made by a number of research workers, little is known about the human round ligament. The present paper deals with the results of study on the round ligament of the human uterus for the purpose of investigating the automatism and innervation of the ligament, together with the reactions of the organ to drugs. The following results have been obtained by the author's investigation. 1) The round ligament of the human uterus shows rhythmical spontaneous contraction when examined by Magnus' method. 2) Diseases of the uterus, such as adhesion, myoma and, in their early stages, carcinoma and syncytioma malignum, do not hamper the automatism of the round ligament belonging to the uteri so affected, but a round ligament of a somewhat advanced carcinomatous uterus and an atrophied ligament show weak and irregular automatism. 3) The difference in age in patients between 20 and 59 years is not a factor in the automatism of the round ligaments. But ligament of a multiparous uterus produces more active contraction than of one that is nulliparous. 4) Adrenalin exerts either stimulative or depressive effect on the round ligament, according to the degree of its concentration, by affecting the sympathetic nerve. This fact proves that the round ligament of the human uterus is innervated by both the motor and inhibitory fibres of the sympathetic nerve. 5) A small or moderate quantity of pilocarpin causes stimulative action in the round ligament by affecting the parasympathetic nerve, while a large quantity of this drug leads to inhibition, owing to the stimulation of the sympathetic inhibitor. So, it may be seen that the human round ligament is innervated by the parasympathetic nerve which is motor in its function. 6) Acetylcholin exerts stimulative action on the round ligament by affecting the parasympathetic nerve, but in very large quantity it causes the paralysis of the muscle of the ligament. The former justifies the view as to the parasympathetic innervation of the ligament. 7) The action of atropin on the round ligament is uncertain. It is ineffective in some cases, while a stimulative or depressive effect is manifested in other cases. A small quantity of atropin paralyzes the parasympathetic nerve and a somewhat larger quantity causes the paralysis of the motor sympathetic. Very large dose results in the paralysis of the muscle. 8) Pituitrin, in low concentration, produces a stimulative effect on the round ligament by stimulating the motorsympathetic, while a moderately concentrated solution causes either stimulation, by affecting both the motorsympothetic and the muscle itself, or inhibition, owing to the stimulation of the sympathetic inhibitor. In high concentration it causes the paralysis of the muscle, which may be attributed to the effect of chloretone. 9) Bombelon manifests depressive action on the round ligament by acting on the inhibitory fibre of the sympathetic nerve. 10) Nicotin exerts stimulative or depressive effect on the round ligament by stimulating either the motor or inhibitory fibres of the sympathetic nerve. The effect of a small quantity is mainly stimulative, while in moderate quantity it is likely to cause inhibition. A large quantity of this drug affects the muscle, resulting in its paralysis. 11) A small quantity of cocain produces stimulative action on the round ligament by stimulating the motorsympathetic, and a moderate quantity affects the muscle also. A large quantity paralyzes the muscle. 12) Comparing the results above mentioned with those seen in the human uterine musculature, it may be said that adrenalin, pituitrin, bombelon and nicotin cause somewhat different reactions in those two organs, while pilocarpin, acetylcholin, cocain and barium exert the same effect on both of them, but a more active effect on the round ligament than on the uterus. Atropin shows the same effects in both. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurakamiKensuke en-aut-sei=Murakami en-aut-mei=Kensuke kn-aut-name=村上憲佑 kn-aut-sei=村上 kn-aut-mei=憲佑 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學藥物學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=48 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=833 end-page=930 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1936 dt-pub=19360430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental Electrocardiographic and Histologic Study on the Heart in the acute peritonitis and about the Effect of Bleeding upon the Electrocardiogram kn-title=急性腹膜炎ノ心臟ニ及ボス影響特ニEKG及ビ組織學的變化ニ就テ(實驗的研究)附. 出血トEKGトノ關係 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The literature on the influence of acute peritonitis upon the heart is very rare, and especially the investigation of this subject by electrocardiography is only published by Steinberg so far, whose description is not clear enough and not sufficient. Attempting to examine experimentally the changes of the heart due to acute peritonitis during the whole course from its beginn to the end, the author took the electrocardiogram changing all the time during the life period of the experimentally diseased dog by bacterious infection or artificial perforation. Bacterious infected acute peritonitis were produced by streptococcus haemolyticus, coli bacillus, Fraenkel's bacillus and mixed strains of all these kinds, and artificial perforation was performed in different dogs in stomach, ileum, jejumum and colon to ploduce acute perforated peritonitis. The careful studies comparing the changes of the electrocardiogram, clinical symptoms, postmortem findings, histological changes and bacteriological features revealed the following fact. As a preparatory experiment the statistic investigation of the electrocardiogram of 31 dogs which were employed to the research was made and proved difficult to define the typical form of the graph. The end wave T of the electrocardiogram varied complicatedly and in spite of various explanations given experimentally and theoretically by many writers the definite meaning of the alteration in the T wave of the electrocardiogram is not still decided. Investigating in healthy dogs the alteration in the T wave related to the depression of the bloodpressure caused by the haemorrhage from carotid, femoral and internal mammary artery and also from femoral vein, and on the other hand to the elevation of the bloodpressure due to the injections of Locke's solution, adrenalin and other cardiacs, the author revealed an important relationship i.e. the elevation of the bloodpressure caused a depression in the T wave, and the lowering of the bloodpressure made T wave enlarged. In the pathological heart this relation was not evident. Standing the systolic period of the heart and the number of pulse in geometrical relation, the increase of the latter causes the shortening of the former. Finding the average value of both factors in the electrocardiogram in 22 healthy dogs the author found a parabora shown in the following formula; A=139.57 P-0.374236 A is the systolic period, P is the nomber of pulse. In the same way the relationship between the period of heart beat (B) and the systolic period (A) was shown in the next formula; A=4.5167 B0.373227 Considering the error between the calculated value by these formulae and the measured value, the maxinum error should be 0.09 second. Therefore the greater difference than 0.09 second between the measured and calculated values means pathological heart conditions. The average life duration in the dogs suffered from acute experimental peritonitis due to bacterious infection was about 32 hours concerning with only lethal ending animals. Although in most of cases by Fraenkel's bacillus only death did not occur, the mixed infections by Fraenkel's bacillus and other germs showed a serious condition. The average life duration in the dogs produced acute experimental perforated peritonitis in them was 24.5 hours which was much shorter than in the former group, and another evidence was that no case of complete recovery was recorded, nevertheless among the former group some of cases were recovered. Among the perforated peritonitis in various parts the animal of the perforation in stomach died in the earliest stadium, and in jejunum in the latest, in ileum and in colon between them. In the bacteriological examination of the ascites in the perforated peritonitis Fraenkel's bacillus was found in all cases, coli bacillus in most of cases. In some cases of the short life duration after the ouset of the disease Fraenkel's bacillus was only recognized, on the contrary in cases of long life duration after the onset of the disease streptococcus was discovered most frequently, Speaking only about the perforated peritonitis the prognosis does not appear to depend on the sort of bacillus of abdominal infection, but on the site of the perforation.In most cases of streptococcus infection very quick weakness caused by malignant diarrhoea was observed, and in spite of the relative long life duration the features in abdominal cavity were malignant, and the heart was affected seriously showing endocarditis in some, destruction of the muscles of heart and karyolysis in the other, and subsequently the findings in the electrocardiogram suggested these changes of the heart.In some cases the irritant condition was seen after the onset of the disease, but there was no relationship to the prognosis and the findings in the heart.As the result of the postmortem findings, the. presence of gas, the character of the ascites and the changes of the parenchymatous organs did not show any. parallel relation to the physiological and anatomical changes of the heart, i.e. in cases of high grade affection in abdominal cavity only slight changes in the heart were recognised. In seven cases, 30 per cent of the peritonitis affected animals the changes in thoracic cavity especially in the lobe of the lung; congestion of the lobe, pneumonia and gangrene of the lung were detected, and in seven cases, 30 per cent, the congestion of the coronal artery was found in high grade, but not always parallel to the changes in the lobe of the lung, but speaking generally the changes of pleura and the lobes of the lung in high grade accompany the heart disorder. The heart of the animals of the infection of Fraenkel's bacillus and of short life duration after the onset of disease showed systolic stoppage. but the heart of mixed infected animals and of those which continued the serious condition in long period showed diastolic stoppage. In a case accompanied by serious pneumonia, the right ventricle in the diastolic stoppage and systolic stoppage of the left ventricle were observed.As the result of the investigation of the electrocardiogram in acute peritonitis the following facts should be noticed.P wave shows temporary enlargement, specially in cases of the haemorrhagic peritonitis the changes are most significant. In the animals of prolonged life duration and of weakness in high grade P becomes smaller and some times shows diphasic and inverted at times, but there was no parallelism to the pathological changes of the heart. In cases of abnormal prolongation of the auriculoventriclar transmission of stimulus could not find any histological changes of the heart.When the swelling of the abdominal cavity, the upwards compression of diaphragm and the dislocation of the heart to the left side by the accumulation of gas and ascites in the abdominal cavity and also by the paralysis and distension of the digestive tract were observed after the onset of peritonitis, the principal ventricular waves Q R S show laevogram very frequently, but not so often before death. Laevogram was observed in cases of the congestion of the coronal artery in high grade, and in cases of the pathological changes of the lobes of the lung or pleura laevogram was seen in many occasions.After the onset of peritonitis cases of the depression of S T line increased gradually and became 52% of cases before death, and even in cases of nondepression, non-typical form was observed. In most cases of the depression of S T line the heart showed diastolic stoppage, and the destruction of the muscles of the heart, and karyolysis were detected and sometimes occurred endocarditis,The granuler mitochondria was stained thin in various size and irregular arrangement. It is understood that the depression of the S T line or non-typical form represents the weakness of the heart or the cardiac diseases.After the onset of peritonitis T rises always temporarily and shows a large normal type as the depression of the bloodpressure, and when the animals died in the early stadium by the acute haemorrhagic peritonitis the electrocardiogram resembles to that of the animals before death by loss of blood. But when the animals lived long time and the weakness of the heart increased gradually, T became smaller and sometimes showed an inversion or diphasic. Coronal T was observed in cases of high grade changes of the heart accompanying pericarditis, pneumonia or gangrene of the lung as a complication or in pregnant cases.Investigating the influonce of peritonitis upon the time of the transmission of stimulus by the resistration of the curve and the comparison of the measured values to the calculated values, the author recognized that the time of the auriculoventriclar transmission of stimulus and the systolic period of ventricles were shortened together, as the progress of peritonitis, but when the changes of the heart increased in high grade, showed evident prol ongation of the time and greater value than maximum error.When pneumonia appeared, Sm enlarged greatly and Tn, m showed large normal type and at the same time the depression of S T line proved significant, and it was proved that the socalled dominance of the left ventricle or laevogram appeared similarly in the complication of peritonitis with pneumonia as well as in oases of simple pneumonia. But in one of the peritonitis affected animals suffered from the gangrene of the left lung, empyema and pericarditis as complications dextrogram was experienced. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HiraideShozo en-aut-sei=Hiraide en-aut-mei=Shozo kn-aut-name=平井出正三 kn-aut-sei=平井出 kn-aut-mei=正三 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學津田外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=65 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=81 end-page=89 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2011 dt-pub=201104 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=The Macrophage Is a Key Factor in Renal Injuries Caused by Glomerular Hyperfiltration en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Glomerular hyperfiltration is a common pathway leading to glomerulosclerosis in various kinds of kidney diseases. The 5/6 renal ablation is an established experimental animal model for glomerular hyperfiltration. On the other hand, low-grade inflammation is also a common mechanism for the progression of kidney diseases including diabetic nephropathy and atherosclerosis. Here we analyzed the gene expression profile in the remnant kidney tissues of 5/6 nephrectomized mice using a DNA microarray system and compared it with that of sham-operated control mice. The 5/6 nephrectomized mice showed glomerular hypertrophy and an increase in the extracellular matrix in the glomeruli. DNA microarray analysis indicated the up-regulated expression of various kinds of genes related to the inflammatory process in remnant kidneys. We confirmed the up-regulated expression of platelet factor-4, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, 2, and 5 in remnant kidneys by RT-PCR. The current results suggest that the inflammatory process is involved in the progression of glomerulosclerosis and is a common pathway of the pathogenesis of kidney disease. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SasakiMotofumi en-aut-sei=Sasaki en-aut-mei=Motofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShikataKenichi en-aut-sei=Shikata en-aut-mei=Kenichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaShinichi en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Shinichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyamotoSatoshi en-aut-sei=Miyamoto en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishishitaShingo en-aut-sei=Nishishita en-aut-mei=Shingo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=Usui KataokaHitomi en-aut-sei=Usui Kataoka en-aut-mei=Hitomi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoChikage en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Chikage kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=WadaJun en-aut-sei=Wada en-aut-mei=Jun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=OgawaDaisuke en-aut-sei=Ogawa en-aut-mei=Daisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MakinoHirofumi en-aut-sei=Makino en-aut-mei=Hirofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences en-keyword=kidney kn-keyword=kidney en-keyword=inflammation kn-keyword=inflammation en-keyword=chemokine kn-keyword=chemokine END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=47 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=338 end-page=351 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1935 dt-pub=19350228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Excitability and of its Influencing Physico-chemical Factors kn-title=興奮性ト夫レヲ支配スル物理化學的條件 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Nerve fibres have two properties, excitability and conductivity. These properties are characterised, accompanied by, and perhaps actually due to, electrical changes. As to the excitation of nerve fibres by electrical stimulation, Nernst put forward the hypothesis that electrical excitation depended on an electrolytic concentration of ions at membranes impermeable to them. On the other hand, recently Lapicque came to the conclusion that there are intimate relations between excitability of living tissues and the duration. and strength of the stimulating current, formulated the law of chronaxie, which as may be stated as follows; the chronaxie may be defined as the shortest duration of twice the rheobasic strength (galvanic threshold) which will produce stimulation. According to him the chronaxie of a tissue is a definite measure of its excitability, since in that time a current of twice the rheobasic strength is to able to produce those physico-chemical alterations which determine excitation. The author performed investigations for the purpose of examining these two opinions upon the excitation of nerve, using a nerve model of Hermann's type, modified for this purpose and nerves of different animals (sciatics of frog and of toad, vagus of tortoise). Especially precise determinations were made on the relations between some physico-chemical conditions and these influences upon the excitation of nerve fibres. From the results obtained the following may be concluded. 1) If a galvanic current of known strength and of know duration be passed through a nerve model, filled with electrolytic solution, the polarisation potential developed through the current, dimiuishes as the viscosity of the solution increases. 2) It is ascertained that there is a definite relation between chronaxie and polarisation of nerve fibres, i.e. the polarisation potential developed in nerve fibres, through the passage of a galvanic current of known strength and of known duration, is higher in the more excitable nerve with shorter chronaxie than the less excitable one with longer chronaxie. 3) The nerve model of larger calibre has a shorter chronaxie and a lower rheobase than that of smaller calibre. This fact may be considered due to their having different capacities and resistances for electricity, according as their calibres are larger or smaller. 4) The chronaxie of the nerve model is longer when it is measured in electrolytic solution than when it is measured in the air. It increases to a certain extent as the ionic concentration of the solution increases, until the ionic dissociation reaches its maximum. 5) The influence of electrolytic solution upon the increase of both the chronaxie and rheobase of nerve model varies inversely with calibre of the nerve model. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KosakaHisasi en-aut-sei=Kosaka en-aut-mei=Hisasi kn-aut-name=小坂壽 kn-aut-sei=小坂 kn-aut-mei=壽 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學生理學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=50 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=2135 end-page=2149 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1938 dt-pub=19381130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the change of Vitamin C content in the Suprarenal Gland of Guinea-pig, suffering from acute diffuse peritonitis kn-title=海猽急性化膿性汎發性腹膜炎ニ於ケル副腎含有「アスコルビン酸」量ノ變化 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Our knowledge concerning vitamin C has made remarkable progress recently. On the other hand, in the surgical domain, especially in case of acute peritonitis, known as one of the prineipal surgical disease, we have very little or no literature on this subject at home and abroad. So the author performed the following experiments witn regard to the hourly change of vitamin C content in the suprarenal gland of guinea-pigs, suffering from acute peritonitis through artificial infection of bac. coli. For the quantitative determination of vitamin C, strict care was taken to avoid harmful factors, which make the results uncertain, eg. only male guinea-pigs (400-500) were used, and the "methylenblue method" after Martini and Bonsignore was adopted, which Ammon and Hinsberg had recommended. As a control, he took preliminary experiments on the effect of starvation to the vitamin C content and confirmed that it diminished as in the case of scurvy. Then in the case of acute peritonitis, this decrease was much more pronounced than that of both former cases. At the same time, he measured variations of the weight of this organ and confirmed that vitamin C was relatively richer in the smaller organ of normal animal and that the vitamin C content and the weight of the organ were in inversed proportion in some cases of peritonitis. Also he observed that the organ of guinea-pigs was generally larger in the left side than in the right. From the fact that the vitamin C content in the suprarenal gland of guinea-pigs, though it diminished as the time passes through starvation, showed a remarkable decrease in the case of peritonitis, it may be concluded that there exists an intimate relation between the inflammation and vitamin C, so far as other conditions are constant. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyagiTeruo en-aut-sei=Miyagi en-aut-mei=Teruo kn-aut-name=宮木輝夫 kn-aut-sei=宮木 kn-aut-mei=輝夫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學津田外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=51 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=2342 end-page=2371 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1939 dt-pub=19391130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the rachitis of newborns. (Part 3) Experimental studies of the effect of malnutrition during pregnancy upon mother and newborn, with special reference to the diet lacking in Vitamine D and having Ca. P. disharmony. kn-title=新産兒佝僂病問題ニ就テノ檢討(第3報)榮養失調ノ母體及ビ産兒ニ及ボス影響ニ關スル實驗的研究特ニ「ビタミンD」缺乏及ビCa, P平衡失調食餌ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In view of contributing to the discussion about the rickets of newborn, whether an antenatal factor can play an etiological role or not, a following experiment was carried out. White rats were used as experimental animals, and a diet provoking rickets after Steenbock No. 2965 was administered, the component of which being partially changed. Then the rats were made to couple with healthy males fed with normal diet (rice, dried fish, green) and pregnancy was thus repeated in order to obtain youngs in different series. Of the newborns were examined, the body weight, the number of the same litter, histological and roentgenological findings of the bones, chemical analysis of calcium and elementary phosphorous in the bones etc. As the contrast healthy normal youngs were examined at the same time, On the other hand, the youngs of the experiment as well as of the contrast were fed with the rachitic diet from the beginning of the third week after birth and in a long duration of ten or fifteen weeks roentgenological and histological examinations were carried out at different times for the purpose of ascertaining the eruption of rachitic symptomes. The results of the experiment are summarized as follows: 1) During the experiment, the animals lost sometimes the gloss of the fur and became rough-furred. When pregnancy and delivery was repeated, the fur was pulled out to a large extent. The sexual cycle remained regular for a comparatively long time, but it ceased finally, if pregnancy was repeated. 2) By administering the rachitic diet, it was ascertained that the abortion or premature interruption of pregnancy and resorption of intrauterine fetuses took place in a marked degree. The longer the feeding with the rachitic diet, the more marked was this tendency. 3) By feeding with the rachitic diet for a certain time, the animals acquired a condition of low amount of blood phosphorous and symptoms of osteomalacia revealed by roentgen and histoiogical examinations. 4) In the newly born youngs there was no especial change in the body weight, the number of the litter and in the histological findings of the bones, but the amount of calcium in the bones was lowered to a moderate extent. 5) The bodily development of the youngs was general1y bad; those in the experiment being worse than in the contrast, and as time elapsed, the difference became more and more marked. 6) All the Wborns finally acquired the symptoms of rickets; those in the experiment were more rapid in its eruption and more marked in its begree than in the contrast. From the above-results it can be stated that the newborns from the mother fed with the rachitic diet during pregnancy acquired a disposition liable to the rickets or in other words, they were born in a condition of "praerachitis". An antenatal factor was thus revealed to play an important role in the causation of the rickets. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HasimotoKiyosi en-aut-sei=Hasimoto en-aut-mei=Kiyosi kn-aut-name=橋本清 kn-aut-sei=橋本 kn-aut-mei=清 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學産科婦人科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=68 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=2055 end-page=2074 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1956 dt-pub=19561130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental Study on the Anemia after Total Gastrectomy II. Report: On the Fluctuation of the hematopoietic Substances in the liver and therapeutic Effects to the Rats Schowing Anemia after Gastrectomy, and on the Tissue Pictures on the liver kn-title=無胃性貧血に関する実験的研究 第2編 広汎胃切除後における白鼠の肝臓内造血物質の消長及び術後貧血鼠に対する治療効果. 貧血鼠の肝組織像について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Since Minot and Murphy (1926) could not trace the effective substance in liver therapy for pernicious anemia, it was recently found that Vitamin B. 12, Folic Acid were effective for macrocytic and pernicious anemia, and that Vitamin B. 12 would act as so-called Castle's extrinsic factor. Welch and others clarified that in the patient of pernicious anemia there was an impediment, of absorption of Vitamin B. 12, and Kusunoki reported that there were in want of Vitamin B. 12 and Folic Acid at the time of macrocytic and pernicious anemia occurring after total gastrectomy in man. There are few reports on the fluctuation of those Vitamins in the animal after total gastrectomy. The author determined the Vitamin B. 12, Folie Acid and Non-Hemin Iron in the rats' liver after total resection of the stomach. There is a slight decrease of Vitamin B. 12 and Folic Acid after operation but is no significant value for the clarification of the anemia. Non-Hemin Iron shows considerable decrease. There were no effects of Vitamin B.12, Folic Acid, Liver Extract excepting Iron for the treatment of anemia in gastrectomized rats. Although, the restoration of erythrocytes was not sufficient by the Iron treatment alone, Iron with Vitamin B. 12, Folic Acid, esp. Liver extract was most effective for it. The liver tissue of gastrectomized rats showed degeneration and necrosis of the cells in the center part of acinus. Central necrosis of the lobules and increase of fat were marked in the emaciated and bad-conditioned rats. It has been thought that the facts were not concerned with elapse of time after operation but with the nutritional defect after total gastrectomy. Anemia in gastrectomized rats is largely due to the impediment of absorption of iron because of the absence of gastric juice. The author has thought that the anemia increased in accordance with liver damage due to the nutritional disturbance and ascending of intestinal flora producing toxin. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsumotoMasahiro en-aut-sei=Matsumoto en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name=松本正宏 kn-aut-sei=松本 kn-aut-mei=正宏 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部津田外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=68 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=2039 end-page=2054 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1956 dt-pub=19561130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental Study on the Anemia after Total Gastrectomy I. Report: On the Peripheral Blood Picture and Bone Marrow Picture kn-title=無胃性貧血に関する実験的研究 第1編 広汎胃切除後における白鼠の末梢血液像及び骨髄像について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Many had been said, from olden times, on the relation between digestive organ (esp. stomach) and hematopoiesis, and it has been much clarified in appreciation of the discovery of liver therapy for pernicious anemia by Minot and Murphy (1926), the dissertation of the in-and extrinsic factors theory by Castle and Townsend (1929), and of the studies of many other authorities. The atrophy of the stomach is responsible for the occurrence of anemia and it has been reported that the microcytic or pernicious anemia had often been observed after total gastrectomy in man. But in the animal there were no report of cases of pernicious anemia after total gastrectomy. The author has performed the animal experiment in rats, after resecting the right portion of stomach as Jacobson etc. had done and also the left portion of the stomach. That has been resulted the lack of storage and stirring of diet. In these rats were observed the blood picture of peripheral and of bone marrow for 400 days after operation. Results obtained as follows: 1) Gastrectomized rats gain in weight little in general, and the one losing weight dies earlier. The ocular conjunctiva changes in white and glistening of hair will be lost a little. Activity will be minimized and they show a tendency to have loose bowels. 2) Hemoglobin decreases highly and rapidly in relativly early postoperative days and redcell count drops gradually. Color index decreases and immature red cells increase in number, but leucocytes show no marked differential abnormalities in spite of increasing in number. 3) Normoblasts, esp. basophilic and polychromatic, increase in the bone marrow but it is mostly microcytic showing hindrance on ripening of erythrocytes. The author summarizes that the agastric anemia in rats is hypochromic and microcytic in nature without no exceptions and shows iron deficiency anemia. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsumotoMasahiro en-aut-sei=Matsumoto en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name=松本正宏 kn-aut-sei=松本 kn-aut-mei=正宏 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部津田外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=3099 end-page=3116 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19571231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Neutralization Test of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi I: Studies on Various Factors of Neutralization Test kn-title=R. tsutsugamushiの中和試験に関する研究 第1編 中和試験に及ぼす各因子に対する検討 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=As the factors influencing the neutralization test of rickettsiae, the following ones have been given; mouse organs employed, unequal distribution of rickettsiae in organs and determination method of the result. The author studied the influences of these factors and other various conditions on the neutralization test. Mitani strain of Rickttsia tsutsugamushi isolated from the patients of Umayado disease in Kagawa prefecture was used as the test agent. The results were as follows: 1) In the present experiment, though some errors should be taken into consideration so far as animal experiment is concerned, it was concluded that reliable result would be obtained by careful selection of the outer conditions and inner factors. 2) As the outer conditions, the experimental temperature and the solution for dilution of rickettsial emulsion are given. The temperature under 10°C is suitable for treatment of R. tsutsugamushi, and glutamine-sucrose-phosphate buffer is superior as the dilution solution. 3) As the inner factors, those of rickettsia itself and those of immune sera were considered. In orser to make the distribution of rickettsiae equal, many livers and spleens were pooled and treated at the low temperature mentioned above. The selection of immune sera is important, and the neutralization test with rabbit immune sera showed the best result. 4) After some observation period of neutralization test, a few of the survived mice showed the syndrom of the disease. This result suggested that prolongation of observation period was necessary to exact determination of the result of neutralization test. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NambaTomisaburo en-aut-sei=Namba en-aut-mei=Tomisaburo kn-aut-name=難波富三郎 kn-aut-sei=難波 kn-aut-mei=富三郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=9 article-no= start-page=2357 end-page=2389 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19570930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON PERIODONTOSIS AND HISTAMINE kn-title=歯槽膿漏症とヒスタミンの関係に関する臨床的並に実験的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=These studies were made for the purpose of finding out the relationship of periodontosis to histamine and the etiologic factors of the disease since the pharmacological action of histamine is very similar to the inflammatory state of periodontosis. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Gingivae of 51 cases of periodontosis showed a threefold increase in histamine, compared with those of 20 control cases operated surgically in the oral cavity. It is suggested by these results, in conjunction with the histopathological observations, that periodontosis has a certain relationship to allergy. 2) In cases of periodontosis an increase in mast cells and their morphologic changes were noticed in the microscopic specimens when stained with a one per cent solution of toluidine blue. These findings are known to be positively correlated with an increase of histamine. 3) In the animal experiments an increase of gingival histamine could not be attributed to physico-chemical stimulation alone and it was not noted when a local anaphylaxis (allergy) was induced. However, it became particularly marked when the local anaphylaxis was compounded by the above-mentioned strong stimulation. These animals showed both macroscopic and microscopic changes suggestive of periodontosis. 4) In slight or early cases of periodontosis favorable results were obtained by topical applications of sinomenine and an anti-histamine ointment which were administered in order to eliminate excessive amounts of histamine in the gingiva. Therefore it may be concluded that periodontosis has a close relationship to histamine and allergy. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujiokaYukio en-aut-sei=Fujioka en-aut-mei=Yukio kn-aut-name=藤岡幸雄 kn-aut-sei=藤岡 kn-aut-mei=幸雄 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部歯科学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=9 article-no= start-page=2245 end-page=2260 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19570930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental Study on the Agastric Anemia with Concomitant Splenectomy Part I. On the Pictures of Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow kn-title=同時脾剔除を伴える無胃性貧血に関する実験的研究 第1編 脾剔除,胃広汎切除及び同時脾剔出後における白鼠の末梢血液像及び骨髄像について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=It had been reported, in 1921 by Hartman, that the anemia gravis was observed in totally gastrectomized patient. The anemia, although, had thought to be derived from the absence of Castle's intrinsic factor in accordance with achlorhydria after gastrectomy. It is natural to think that the functional defect of the stomach causes an insufficiency in metabolism, and there are many reports to show various kinds of different results; hyperchrcomic, hypochromic or normochromic. None of them has shown the pernious anemia in the experimental animals. Recently, splenectomy had been frequently performed, under the neccesity, with gastrectomy as a radical operation for gastric carcinoma. We must thoroughly investigate the physiological action of the spleen and know the influence of splenectomy on the agastric anemia. Following results show the pictures of peripheral blood and bone marrow of the rats after subtotal gastrectomy and splenectomy. 1) Group splenectomized simply It showed transitory anemia after operation, which became in normal limit four months postoperatively, and followed by rather higher level than before. But the leucocytosis remained for longer period; the splenic function was compensated by the liver, and functional defect of the spleen gave no influences on the body as the liver function was normal. 2) Group gastrectomized subtotally with splenectomy It showed marked anemia already a month postoperatively, which was gradually increasing the grade. In the group, especially the hemoglobin decreased considerably, and decrease of red cells reduction of erythrocytic diameter, marked increase in immatured red cells, drop of color index were observed. It showed tendency to increase in leucocytes number postoperatively. In the bone marrow picture, increase in erythroblasts (especially basophilic ones) was evident, and comparative decrease in granulocytes was observed. As a whole, it was microcytic hypochromic anemia, and showed disturbance in maturation without a picture of pernicious anemia. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IwasaYuzo en-aut-sei=Iwasa en-aut-mei=Yuzo kn-aut-name=岩佐雄三 kn-aut-sei=岩佐 kn-aut-mei=雄三 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部津田外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=9 article-no= start-page=2233 end-page=2243 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19570930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental Study on the Urinary 17-KS Excretion in Acute Pancreatitis kn-title=急性膵炎時尿中17-KS量の変動に関する研究 第2編 急性膵炎時各種薬物投与の尿中17-KS排泄量の変動に及ぼす影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The author observed the quantities of urinary 17-KS excretion and the fluctuation of this substance up to the 20th day on the course of acute pancreatitis. This procedure was performed experimentally on the female rabbits. Also the influence of glucose and ascorbic acid on the response of the adrenal gland (17-KS excretion) to pancreatitis stress was observed, and the author has gained some results especially in regards to the signification of the fluctuation of this substance. The results obtained may be summarized as follows: 1) On the extra-serious cases, the urinary 17-KS excretion is shown extremely decreased on the 1st day, and the animals went to death on its continuously decreasing course. 2) On the serious cases the excretion decreases in the same manner on the 1st day, which is more remarkable in comparison with the degree of this decrease on control with simple laparotomy and peritonitis. After the 2nd day the excretion shows starting to increase, gradually returning to the preoperative level from the 10th to the 15th day. 3) On the mild cases the excretion curve is shown on the same way with the serious cases, but the decrease on the 1st day and the increase on or after the 2nd day are less on degree. 4) The count of eosinophiles decreases on the 1st day on the all cases. On the surviving cases it starts to increase on the second day, and on the 3rd day, is shown over the preoperative level. 5) At 12 hours after the onset of acute pancreatitis the adrenal glands were weighted over than control. 6) The urinary 17-KS excretion shows some decrease on starved animals. Starvaion or mal-nutrition can be understood as a factor of its decreasing on the 1st day of acute panereatitis. But the starvation cannot be contributed to explain the following increase. 7) The 17-KS excretion curves on serious acute pancreatitis with intravenous glucose administration are characterized by the increase starting on the 1st day. 8) Ascorbic acid pretreatment suppresses the decrease of the 17-KS excretion on the 1st day of the serious cases. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=InoueIchiro en-aut-sei=Inoue en-aut-mei=Ichiro kn-aut-name=井上一郎 kn-aut-sei=井上 kn-aut-mei=一郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部津田外科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=10-1 article-no= start-page=6657 end-page=6667 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590920 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Immuno-histological Studies on Hepatitis Part 3. A Study on the Pathogenesis of the So-called Hapatitic Cholecystopathy kn-title=肝炎に関する免疫組織学的研究 第3編 いわゆる肝炎性胆のう症の発生病理に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In the cases of infectious hepatitis that has a complication of cholecystopathy, the author studied mainly its pathogenesis; and obtained the following results. 1. Out of 138 cases with hepatitis 33 cases (23.9%) had cholecystopathy as the complication. When these 33 cases are studied histologically by liver biopsy, periacinar form of chronic infectious hepatitis is found in 13 cases (39.3%), occupying the greatest percentage; followed by acute infectious hepatitis in 5 cases (15.2%), parenchymatous form of chronic infectious hepatitis in 4 (12.1%), posthepatitic cirrhosis in 4 (12.1%); and posthepatitic fibrosis in 2 (6.1%). On the other hand, judging cholecystopathy from various patho-histological forms, cholangiolitic hepatitis in 100%; periacinar form of chronic infectious hepatitis in 43.3%; posthepatitic fibrosis in 28.6%; parenchymatous form of chronic infectious hepatitis in 20%; posthepatitic cirrhosis in 11.9%; and acute infectious hepatitis in 11.8%. 2. Those showing biliary dyskinesia are mainly composed of the form revealing no marked changes in the liver biopsy (so-called posthepatitis syndrome) or the periacinar form of chronic infectious hepatitis. 3. Those having the complication of cholecystitis are more frequently found in acute infectious hepatitis and posthepatitic cirrhosis. 4. Generally even in the liver biopsy at the time of operation the infiltration of round cells and edema formation in portal region are characteristic traits of the common cholecystitis. 5. In the necropsy of infectious hepatitis likewise the liver and gallbladder are affected simultaneously; and the edema formation from the sublayer of mucous membrane to the sublayer of serous membrane and the congestion of capillary blood vessels with cell infiltration are the main common histological changes in the gallbladder. 6. When the antiserum obtained from the rabbit sensitized with dog abdominal organs (liver, gallbladder, duodenum, stomach, and rectal mucous membrane) as the antigen is injected into dogs, allergic cholecystitis can be induced in 100% of the animals with the use of gallbladder antiserum; in 80% with liver antiserum; in 60% with antiserum of rectal mucous membrane; and in 40% each with stomach antiserum or with antiserum of duodenal mucous membrane. In these instances intralobular and portal cell infiltration and edema formation in portal region can also be observed. 7. The characteristic traits of hepatitic cholecystopathy are the edema formation extending from the sublayer of the gallbladder mucous membrane to the sublayer of serous membrane and cell infiltration around blood vessels. As for the pathogenesis there seems to multiple factors; namely, dyscholia due to functional disturbances of the liver, the loss of the gallbladder motility due to invasion of inflammation inducing substances from portal tract through lymph ducts on serous inflammation, and also it is possible to be met with the secondary infection with an increase in the number of intestinal bacteria coexisting, and in some the involvement of allergic inflammation in gallbladder can be recognized. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OhtaYasuyuki en-aut-sei=Ohta en-aut-mei=Yasuyuki kn-aut-name=太田康幸 kn-aut-sei=太田 kn-aut-mei=康幸 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=9-2 article-no= start-page=6015 end-page=6023 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590910 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Ascitic Rickettsia of the Tsutsugamushi Disease Infected Guinea Pig Part 1 Some Findings on the Pathological Changes by the Infection of Tsutsugamushi Disease Rickettsia kn-title=恙虫病病毒感染天竺鼠における腹水病毒に関する研究 第1編 Chlorpromazine処理天竺鼠における恙虫病病毒感染像と,供試天竺鼠の体重並びに飼育環境との関係について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=There were known that the much production of ascites would be observed by the inoculation of the tsutsugamushi disease rickettsia to the chlorpromazine injected guinea pig. But there were still suspended the problem on the factors to result in much production of ascites. The author studies the relationships between the production of ascites and body weight of animal and between the former and breeding environment of animal, especially the temperature of environment. As the results of this study, it could be confirmed on animals having body weight 300-500 gms. that the body weight of animal had no relation with the production of ascites and the proliferation of the rickettsia in the animal so far as the animal was injected previously chlorpromazine; however, the temperature of environment affected powerfully to those. Namely, the production of ascites, the proliferation of the rickettsia and the presence of the specific cells for infection were found to be much on the infection in spring, fall and even in winter if the temperature kept at 15°C, but these evidence were not found on the infection in summer. These informations were thought to be valuable in order to obtain the tsutsugamushi disease rikettsia in large amount. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MinoJiro en-aut-sei=Mino en-aut-mei=Jiro kn-aut-name=三野二郎 kn-aut-sei=三野 kn-aut-mei=二郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=102 cd-vols= no-issue=9-10 article-no= start-page=1197 end-page=1205 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1990 dt-pub=199010 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on intractable factors in bronchial asthma Part 2. Effect of re-inhalation of antigen in the late asthmatic response in an animal model kn-title=気管支喘息の重症難治化要因に関する研究 第2編 遅発型気道反応動物モデルにおける抗原再吸入の影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In investigating the etiological mechanisms of intractable asthma, ascaris suum was used as a sensitizing antigen in experimental animal models of re-inhalation in the late asthmatic response (LAR). Our results suggest that marked expiratory prolongation was caused by re-inhalation of the antigen in LAR. Moreover, the number of neutrophils and eosinophils increased in BALF after re-inhalation of the antigen more in LAR than in IAR (P<0.01). Finally the level of LTC4 and LTB4 increased in the venous blood and BABF after reinhalation during the LAR. The data suggests that cellular reactions among neutrophils, eosinophils, and other cells migrating into the airway lumen are seen in LAR, and moreover, LTC4 and LTB4 may be important chemical mediators in prolonged asthmatic attacks. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkiKazuhiko en-aut-sei=Oki en-aut-mei=Kazuhiko kn-aut-name=沖和彦 kn-aut-sei=沖 kn-aut-mei=和彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二内科学教室 en-keyword=Actively sensitized model kn-keyword=Actively sensitized model en-keyword=Late asthmatic response kn-keyword=Late asthmatic response en-keyword=Re-inhalation kn-keyword=Re-inhalation en-keyword=BAL-cell kn-keyword=BAL-cell en-keyword=Leukotrienes kn-keyword=Leukotrienes END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=102 cd-vols= no-issue=9-10 article-no= start-page=1187 end-page=1196 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1990 dt-pub=199010 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on intractable factors in bronchial asthma Part 1. Mechanisms of the late asthmatic response in an animal model kn-title=気管支喘息の重症難治化要因に関する研究 第1編 喘息動物モデルによる遅発型気道反応の機序に関する検討 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In order to investigate in detail the mechanism of late asthmatic responses (LAR) which seem to be involved in the development of intractable asthma, we prepared an experimental model of bronchial asthma using guinea pigs and examined neutrophil, eosinophil, and leukotriene (LTs) levels in venous blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Our results suggest that leukocytosis, and especially neutrophilia and eosinophilia is found in venous blood more with LAR than in IAR and non-attack states in control animals (P<0.01). Moreover, increased neutrophils were found in BALF in LAR compared with IAR and controls (P<0.01) and marked eosinophil infiltration was observed in the peribronchial tissue in LAR compared with IAR and control (P<0.01). Finally LTC4 levels were high in the venous blood and BALF in IAR, and LTB4 levels were also high in BALF in LAR. The data suggests that the accumulation of neutrtophils and eosinophils in peribronchial areas and release of leukotrienes in BALF play important roles in the etiology of LAR. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkiKazuhiko en-aut-sei=Oki en-aut-mei=Kazuhiko kn-aut-name=沖和彦 kn-aut-sei=沖 kn-aut-mei=和彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二内科学教室 en-keyword=Actively sensitized model kn-keyword=Actively sensitized model en-keyword=Guinea pig kn-keyword=Guinea pig en-keyword=Late asthmatic response kn-keyword=Late asthmatic response en-keyword=BAL-cell kn-keyword=BAL-cell en-keyword=Leukotrienes kn-keyword=Leukotrienes END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=102 cd-vols= no-issue=9-10 article-no= start-page=1051 end-page=1060 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1990 dt-pub=199010 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Complement-mediated solubilization of immune complexes in vivo kn-title=生体内における補体による免疫複合体の可溶化に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In order to examine the ability of complement to solubilize immune complexes (IC) in vivo, acute or chronic serum sickness nephritis was induced in 10 rabbits and 11 rats with by injection of BSA as an antigen (Ag). The animals were divided into two groups. The first received 500U or 50U/week cobra venom factor (CVF) administered intraperitoneally to reduce serum complement levels and complement-mediated solubilization of immune complexes. On the other hand, the second group received 2ml or 0.2ml/week turpentine oil (TO) injected interamuscularly to elevate serum complement levels and complement-mediated solubilization of immune complex. Renal biopsies were performed weekly with each animal, and these specimens were stained for antigen (BSA), antibody (IgG) and complement (C3) by immunofluorescence techniques. Results showed a significant difference between TO-, and CVF-treated animals with respect to the decline of IC in kidney lesions. No detectable IC (especially BSA) remained in the renal glomeruli of TO-treated nephritic animals, indicating that complement might act in vivo to solubilize IC deposited in tissues. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=UmakoshiYoshinaka en-aut-sei=Umakoshi en-aut-mei=Yoshinaka kn-aut-name=馬越由仲 kn-aut-sei=馬越 kn-aut-mei=由仲 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第三内科学教室 en-keyword=complement kn-keyword=complement en-keyword=immune complex kn-keyword=immune complex en-keyword=solubilization kn-keyword=solubilization en-keyword=acute serum sickness kn-keyword=acute serum sickness en-keyword=chronic serum sickness kn-keyword=chronic serum sickness END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=203 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=447 end-page=456 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=200412 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Connective Tissue Growth Factor Causes Persistent Proα2(I) Collagen Gene Expression Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β in a Mouse Fibrosis Model en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Skin fibrotic disorders such as systemic sclerosis (SSc) are characterized by an excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM) and understood to develop under the influence of certain growth factors. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a cysteine-rich mitogenic peptide that is implicated in various fibrotic disorders and induced in fibroblasts after activation with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). To better understand the mechanisms of persistent fibrosis seen in SSc, we previously established an animal model of skin fibrosis induced by exogenous application of growth factors. In this model, TGF-beta transiently induced subcutaneous fibrosis and serial injections of CTGF after TGF-beta caused persistent fibrosis. To further define the mechanisms of skin fibrosis induced by TGF-beta and CTGF in vivo, we investigated in this study, the effects of growth factors on the promoter activity of the pro alpha 2 (1) collagen (COL1A2) gene in skin fibrosis. For this purpose, we utilized transgenic reporter mice harboring the -17 kb promoter sequence of the mouse COL1A2 linked to either a firefly luciferase gene or a bacterial P-galactosidase gene. Serial injections of CTGF after TGF-beta resulted in a sustained elevation of COL1A2 mRNA expression and promoter activity compared with consecutive injection of TGF-beta alone on day 8. We also demonstrated that the number of fibroblasts with activated COL1A2 transcription was increased by serial injections of CTGF after TGF-beta in comparison with the injection of TGF-beta alone. Furthermore, the serial injections recruited mast cells and macrophages. The number of mast cells reached a maximum on day 4 and remained relatively high up to day 8. In contrast to the kinetics of mast cells, the number of macrophages was increased on day 4 and continued to rise during the subsequent consecutive CTGF injections until day 8. These results suggested that CTGF maintains TGF-beta-induced skin fibrosis by sustaining COL1A2 promoter activation and increasing the number of activated fibroblasts. The infiltrated mast cells and macrophages may also contribute to the maintenance of fibrosis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ChujoSonoko en-aut-sei=Chujo en-aut-mei=Sonoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShirasakiFumiaki en-aut-sei=Shirasaki en-aut-mei=Fumiaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawaraShigeru en-aut-sei=Kawara en-aut-mei=Shigeru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=InagakiYutaka en-aut-sei=Inagaki en-aut-mei=Yutaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KinbaraTakuro en-aut-sei=Kinbara en-aut-mei=Takuro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=InaokiMakoto en-aut-sei=Inaoki en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakigawaMasaharu en-aut-sei=Takigawa en-aut-mei=Masaharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakeharaKazuhiko en-aut-sei=Takehara en-aut-mei=Kazuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Dermatology, National Kanazawa Hospital affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Community Health, Tokai University School of Medicine affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science en-keyword=systemic sclerosis kn-keyword=systemic sclerosis en-keyword=fibrosis kn-keyword=fibrosis en-keyword=transforming growth factor-? kn-keyword=transforming growth factor-? en-keyword=connective tissue growth factor kn-keyword=connective tissue growth factor END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=207 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=621 end-page=632 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=20042 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Purification and cDNA cloning of the ovigerous-hair stripping substance (OHSS) contained in the hatch water of an estuarine crab Sesarma haematocheir en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

The egg attachment system of an estuarine crab Sesarma haematocheir is formed on the maternal ovigerous hairs just after egg laying, and slips off these hairs just after hatching. The stripping is caused by an active factor that we call OHSS (ovigerous-hair stripping substance), which is released by the embryo upon hatching. OHSS was purified, and its active form had a molecular mass of 25·kDa. The cDNA of OHSS cloned from an embryonic cDNA library was 1759·bp long, encoding 492 amino acids in a single open reading frame (ORF). The C-terminal part of the predicted protein was composed of a trypsin-like serine protease domain, with homology to counterparts in other animals of 33–38%. The predicted protein (54.7·kDa) secreted as a zymogen may be cleaved post-translationally, separating the Cterminal from the N-terminal region. The OHSS gene was expressed in the embryo at least 2 weeks before hatching. Expression was also detected in the zoea larva 1 day after hatching and in the brain of the female. However, it was not detected in the muscle, hepatopancreas or ovigerous seta of the female. Ultrastructural analysis indicated that the material investing maternal ovigerous hair, i.e. the outermost layer (E1) of the egg case, is attached at the special sites (attachment sites) arranged at intervals of 130–160·nm on the hair. It is suggested that OHSS acts specifically at these sites, lysing the bond with the coat, thus disposing of the embryo attachment system. This enables the female to prepare the next clutch of embryos without ecdysis.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=GusevOleg en-aut-sei=Gusev en-aut-mei=Oleg kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IkedaHideki en-aut-sei=Ikeda en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkochiTetsushi en-aut-sei=Okochi en-aut-mei=Tetsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=LeeJae Min en-aut-sei=Lee en-aut-mei=Jae Min kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HatakeyamaMasatsugu en-aut-sei=Hatakeyama en-aut-mei=Masatsugu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KobayashiChiyoko en-aut-sei=Kobayashi en-aut-mei=Chiyoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=AgataKiyokazu en-aut-sei=Agata en-aut-mei=Kiyokazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadaHidenori en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Hidenori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SaigusaMasayuki en-aut-sei=Saigusa en-aut-mei=Masayuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univeristy affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Owashi affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=RIKEN, Hyougo affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=RIKEN, Hyougo affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univresity affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=crab kn-keyword=crab en-keyword=Sesarma (or Chiromantes) haematocheir kn-keyword=Sesarma (or Chiromantes) haematocheir en-keyword=ovigerous hair kn-keyword=ovigerous hair en-keyword=embryo attachment system kn-keyword=embryo attachment system en-keyword=investment coat kn-keyword=investment coat en-keyword=stripping kn-keyword=stripping en-keyword= ovigerous-hair stripping substance (OHSS) kn-keyword= ovigerous-hair stripping substance (OHSS) en-keyword= serine protease. kn-keyword= serine protease. END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=150 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=730 end-page=741 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20080528 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Angiotensin II type 2 receptors facilitate reinnervation of phenol-lesioned vascular calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing nerves in rat mesenteric arteries en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

The present study was designed to investigate involvement of angiotensin (Ang) II type 2 receptors (AT2 receptors) in restoration of perivascular nerve innervation injured by topical phenol treatment. Male Wistar rats underwent in vivo topical application of 10% phenol around the superior mesenteric artery. After phenol treatment, animals were subjected to immunohistochemistry of the third branch of small arteries, Western blot analysis of AT2 receptor protein expression in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and studies of mesenteric neurogenic vasoresponsiveness. Ang II (750 ng/kg/day), nerve growth factor (NGF; 20 μg/kg/day) and PD123,319 (AT2 receptor antagonist; 10 mg/kg/day) were intraperitoneally administered for 7 days using osmotic mini-pumps immediately after topical phenol treatment. Losartan (AT1 receptor antagonist) was administered in drinking water (0.025%). Phenol treatment markedly reduced densities of both calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity (LI)- and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-LI-containing fibers. NGF restored densities of both nerve fibers to the Sham control level. Coadministration of Ang II and losartan significantly increased the density of CGRP-LI-fibers but not NPY-LI-fibers compared with saline control. The increase of the density of CGRP-LI-fibers by coadministration of Ang II and losartan was suppressed by adding PD123,319. Coadministration of Ang II and losartan ameliorated reduction of CGRP nerve-mediated vasodilation of perfused mesenteric arteries caused by phenol treatment. The AT2 receptor protein expression detected in DRG was markedly increased by NGF. These results suggest that selective stimulation of AT2 receptors by Ang II facilitates reinnervation of mesenteric perivascular CGRP-containing nerves injured by topical phenol application in the rat.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HobaraNarumi en-aut-sei=Hobara en-aut-mei=Narumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=GodaMitsuhiro en-aut-sei=Goda en-aut-mei=Mitsuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshidaNamika en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Namika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakatoriShingo en-aut-sei=Takatori en-aut-mei=Shingo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitamuraYoshihisa en-aut-sei=Kitamura en-aut-mei=Yoshihisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MioMitsunobu en-aut-sei=Mio en-aut-mei=Mitsunobu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawasakiHiromu en-aut-sei=Kawasaki en-aut-mei=Hiromu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Shujitsu University School of Pharmacy affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Shujitsu University School of Pharmacy affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University en-keyword=Angiotensin II type 2 receptors kn-keyword=Angiotensin II type 2 receptors en-keyword=Phenol-induced perivascular nerve injury kn-keyword=Phenol-induced perivascular nerve injury en-keyword=Calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerves kn-keyword=Calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerves en-keyword=Neuropeptide Y-containing nerves kn-keyword=Neuropeptide Y-containing nerves en-keyword=Neurotrophic kn-keyword=Neurotrophic en-keyword=Rat mesenteric artery kn-keyword=Rat mesenteric artery END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=61 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=51 end-page=56 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2007 dt-pub=200704 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) therapy for Parkinson's disease. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Many studies using animals clarify that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has strong neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects on dopaminergic neurons. Several pilot studies clarified the validity of continuous intraputaminal GDNF infusion to patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), although a randomized controlled trial of GDNF therapy published in 2006 resulted in negative outcomes, and controversy remains about the efficacy and safety of the treatment. For a decade, our laboratory has investigated the efficacy and the most appropriate method of GDNF administration using animals, and consequently we have obtained some solid data that correspond to the results of clinical trials. In this review, we present an outline of our studies and other key studies related to GDNF, the current state of the research, problems to be overcome, and predictions regarding the use of GDNF therapy for PD in the future.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YasuharaTakao en-aut-sei=Yasuhara en-aut-mei=Takao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShingoTetsuro en-aut-sei=Shingo en-aut-mei=Tetsuro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=DateIsao en-aut-sei=Date en-aut-mei=Isao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=cell transplantation kn-keyword=cell transplantation en-keyword=clinical trial kn-keyword=clinical trial en-keyword=encapsulation kn-keyword=encapsulation en-keyword=gene therapy kn-keyword=gene therapy en-keyword=neurodegenerative disease kn-keyword=neurodegenerative disease END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=28 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=199 end-page=212 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1974 dt-pub=197406 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Role of liver functions on liver cell mitosis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

The control mechanism of mitosis in the regenerating rat liver was studied in relation to the cell functions. Partial hepatec· tomy induces a series of changes prior to the initiation of mitosis, i. e. decrease in serum glucose and albumin levels, loss of glycogen from liver cells, and increased lipid mobilization to liver cells. Massive supplies of glucose and fructose suppressed significantly hepatocellu. lar mitosis with suppression of lipid accumulation and preservation of glycogen in the liver cells and of blood sugar level. Homologous serum administration also suppressed the rate of liver cell mitosis after hepatectomy preventing the decrease in serum albumin level, but did not suppress the lipid accumulation in the liver. Starvation, which would relieve the liver cell from the work of detoxication of intesti. nal toxic products, did not show any suppressive effect on the mitotic rate of liver cells after partial hepatectomy in single animals. But starvation induced severe hypoglycemia, moderate hypoalbuminemia and loss of glycogen content in the liver. These changes in metabo. lism by starvation and partial hepatectomy were suppressed by con· jugating the animals with nonhepatectomized fed.partners by aortic anastomosis, and mitosis was suppressed in the residual liver of the fasting animals in this parabiosis. The results indicate that all the major functions of parenchymal live cells tested, sugar metabolism, serum albumin production, and detoxication, are closely related to the control of liver cell mitosis. Accumulation of lipids in the liver remnant after partial hepatectomy is thought to be for the compensa. tion of reduced glycogen storage and not concerned directly with the liver cell mitosis. Discussion was made briefly on the humoral factor and portal blood factor in relation to excess load of functions on resi. dual liver cells.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakataTameyuki en-aut-sei=Takata en-aut-mei=Tameyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=45 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=37 end-page=42 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1991 dt-pub=199102 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Influence of storage temperature on indomethacin release from fatty-base suppositories in vitro and in vivo. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

The release of indomethacin from fatty-base suppositories, which had been stored at a low (4 degrees C) and a high (25-30 degrees C) temperature for about one month, was examined in vitro and in vivo. In the in vivo experiments, the plasma indomethacin levels after administration of suppositories stored at different temperatures were measured in conscious and anesthetized rats. In the in vitro release test using a dialysis cell method, much lower amounts of indomethacin were released from the suppositories stored at a high temperature than from those stored at a low temperature. The melting point of suppositories stored at a high temperature was higher by approximately 2 degrees C than those stored at a low temperature. In conscious rats, the plasma indomethacin levels attained after the intrarectal administration of suppositories stored at a high temperature were slightly lower than those after the animals were given suppositories stored at a low temperature, but the difference was significant only 30 min after administration. In anesthetized rats, the plasma indomethacin levels were markedly lower than those in conscious rats, and the influence of the storage temperature on the plasma indomethacin levels was clearly observed. These results suggest that in conscious rats many factors such as a locomotor hyperactivity and enhancement of gastrointestinal motility caused by the rectal administration mask the real character of suppositories. The in vitro and in vivo results show that the release of indomethacin from fatty-base suppositories stored at a high temperature is less than the release from those stored at a low temperature.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YoshidaToshiko en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Toshiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ItohYoshinori en-aut-sei=Itoh en-aut-mei=Yoshinori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=GomitaYutaka en-aut-sei=Gomita en-aut-mei=Yutaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OishiRyozo en-aut-sei=Oishi en-aut-mei=Ryozo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=indomethacin kn-keyword=indomethacin en-keyword=suppository kn-keyword=suppository en-keyword=quality contyol kn-keyword=quality contyol en-keyword=bioavailability kn-keyword=bioavailability en-keyword=in vitro release test kn-keyword=in vitro release test END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=59 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=73 end-page=78 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2005 dt-pub=200506 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Hepatocyte growth factor gene therapy reduces ventricular arrhythmia in animal models of myocardial ischemia. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

It was recently reported that gene therapy using hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has the potential to preserve cardiac function after myocardial ischemia. We speculated that this HGF gene therapy could also prevent ventricular arrhythmia. To investigate this possibility, we examined the antiarrhythmic effect of HGF gene therapy in rat acute and old myocardial infarction models. Myocardial ischemia was induced by ligation of the left descending coronary artery. Hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-coated liposome containing HGF genes were injected directly into the myocardium fourteen days before programmed pacing. Ventricular fibrillation (VF)was induced by programmed pacing. The VF duration was reduced and the VF threshold increased after HGF gene therapy ( p< 0.01). Histological analyses revealed that the number of vessels in the ischemic border zone was greatly increased after HGF gene injection. These findings revealed that HGF gene therapy has an anti-arrhythmic effect after myocardial ischemia.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YumotoAkihisa en-aut-sei=Yumoto en-aut-mei=Akihisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KusanoKengo Fukushima en-aut-sei=Kusano en-aut-mei=Kengo Fukushima kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakamuraKazufumi en-aut-sei=Nakamura en-aut-mei=Kazufumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HashimotoKatsushi en-aut-sei=Hashimoto en-aut-mei=Katsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=AokiMotokuni en-aut-sei=Aoki en-aut-mei=Motokuni kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorishitaRyuichi en-aut-sei=Morishita en-aut-mei=Ryuichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanedaYasufumi en-aut-sei=Kaneda en-aut-mei=Yasufumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=OheTohru en-aut-sei=Ohe en-aut-mei=Tohru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Geriatric Medicine affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=ventricular arrhythmia kn-keyword=ventricular arrhythmia en-keyword= HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) kn-keyword= HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) en-keyword=ischemia kn-keyword=ischemia en-keyword= HVJ (hemagglutinating virus of Japan) kn-keyword= HVJ (hemagglutinating virus of Japan) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=53 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=149 end-page=169 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1999 dt-pub=199908 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Height, body size and longevity. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Life expectancy, mortality and longevity data related to height and body size for various US and world population samples are reviewed. Research on energy restriction, smaller body size and longevity is also examined. Information sources include various medical and scientific journals, books and personal communications with researchers. Additional information is presented based on research involving eight populations of the world noted for their health, vigor and longevity. This information includes the findings of one of the authors who led research teams to study these populations. While conflicting findings exist on the cardiovascular death rates for shorter people, many examples of short populations with very little heart disease are described. Most cancer studies indicate that shorter people have significantly lower mortality risk. Considerable data suggest that shorter people generally have greater longevity than taller people, and extensive animal research supports human longevity findings. Tall populations with low mortality rates are also described. Shorter stature and smaller body weight appear to promote better health and longevity in the absence of malnutrition and infectious diseases. Several theoretical reasons for this greater longevity potential are covered. Also discussed, is the role of socioeconomic status, diet, relative weight, environment and other factors in increasing or decreasing the longevity of individuals, regardless of their heights and weights.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SamarasThomas Theodore en-aut-sei=Samaras en-aut-mei=Thomas Theodore kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ElrickHarold en-aut-sei=Elrick en-aut-mei=Harold kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Reventropy Associates affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Foundation for Optimal Health and Longevity en-keyword=body height kn-keyword=body height en-keyword=body size kn-keyword=body size en-keyword=health kn-keyword=health en-keyword=longevity kn-keyword=longevity en-keyword=nutrition kn-keyword=nutrition END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=15 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=9 end-page=26 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1961 dt-pub=196102 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Studies on the organellae of liver of cancer bearing animals II. Catalase activity in the liver of animals treated with cyto-plasmic organellae from hepatoma cell (AH 130) and liver cell of the hepatoma bearing animals en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

The author studied the distribution of polysaccharides and the amino-acid composition of cytoplasmic organellae, the problems that have come to call a great interest in the field of studies on cancer bearing animals. And also biochemical and electron microscopic observations were carried out to study the influences of cytoplasmic organellae in the cancer cells (AH 130), the livers of cancer bearing animals, and normal liver on the catalase activity of the liver. The results obtained are as follows : Cytoplasmic organellae of various cells do not affect so markedly the hexose metabolism of the liver. As for the amino-acid pattern of cytoplasmic organellae of various cells studied by paperchromatography, it is interesting to note that the pattern of the liver of cancer bearing animals, shows lack in histidine, while in can~er tissue and in the liver of cancer bearing animals an increase in phenylalanine can be observed. The decrease in the liver catalase activity is caused by the primary factor of cancer cells, especially their microsomes, and also by the secondary factor of the liver mitochondria in cancer bearing animals. On the other hand, the mitochondria of cancer cells, instead of reducing the catalase activity in the liver, markedly increases the catalase activity. By the morphological changes observed with light microscope and electron microscope, liver cells revealed marked morphological differences, proving that the microsomes of hepatoma cell induce considerably marked changes in the liver, while the mitochondria of hepatoma cell, on the contrary, induce the hypertrophy of liver cells. Sirriilarly in the electron microscopic observations the mitochondria of mouse liver injected with cancer mitochondria are enlarged, but no destruction of cellular structures such as cristae can be recognized. Also microbodies and the growing process of mitochondria can be observed, but no marked changes in endoplasmic reticulum.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KimotoTetsuo en-aut-sei=Kimoto en-aut-mei=Tetsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=363 end-page=376 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=195812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Relationship of chronic marginal periodontitis (alveolar pyorrhea) to histamine en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

1. Considering an imaginable important role of histamine in inflammations or allergic reactions, some clinical and experimental studies were made for the purpose of findings the relationship of the pathological changes of A. P. to local histamine. 2. Gingivae in the case of A. P. showed a remarkable quantitative increase of histamine, compared with those in the case of normal healthy controls. It could be noticed that this increase had an increasing tendency in proportion to the degree of inflammatory pathologic changes in the gingiva. 3. In the gingivae of A. P. an increase of mast cells and their morphologic changes, particularly disintegration, were seen and the grade of changes was almost parallel to an increase of histamine. 4. When a histamine solution was repeatedly injected into the mucobuccal folds of animals, a remarkable increase of histamine and mast cells in the injected gingivae were recognized with inflammatory changes. An increase of gingival histamine could be hardly recognized by means of a simple mechanical stimulation or local anaphylaxis alone. However, in the combination of two, the increase of histamine was seen and relatively remarkable inflammatory changes suggestive of A. P. were macroscopically and microscopically noticed. 5. Topical applications of the ointment mixed with sinomenine, histamine-liberating substance, and benadryl, antihistamine substance, repeated every other day in the gingival pockets, showed favorable effects in slight or early cases of A. P. 6. These observations suggest the existence of both possible role of histamine in the development of local pathologic condition of A. P. and allergic processes in etiologic factors of the disease.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujiokaYukio en-aut-sei=Fujioka en-aut-mei=Yukio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=255 end-page=266 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1930 dt-pub=193012 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Experimental Studies on the Regenerative Process of Rabbit-caecum en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

After the experimental removal of the most part of caecum of rabbit, when it is bred over 100 days, the remained portion of the caecum is enlarged distinctly and not only the spiral plicae increases its number but it is partly formed a peculiar caecal-dilatation, projecting against the colon-side. The muscular layer of caecum-wall is generally thickened, especially the epithelium is markedly proliferated. This is a regenerative phenomenon on the caecum of which damaged portion is to be filled and partly regains the characteristic shape of caecum and at the same time shows the systematical changes on the whole caecum-tissue. Consequently it may be admitted that these changes are not merely the regeneration of tissue of caecum but it is a regenerative process as an organ. However, literature on this subject hold the same view that each tissue of intestinal canals of mammalia is independently regenerated but the regeneration of an organ is not acknowledged. Korschelt states in his book that " Die ausgebildeten Wirbeltiere zeigen keine eigentliche Regeneration der einzelnen Abschnitte des Darmkanals. Wenn von einer solchen die Rede ist, handelt es sich nur um den Ersatz von Teilen der Schleimhaut, die sowohl im Magen, wie in den darauffolgenden Darmpartien stattfindet . . . ". On the other hand, the fact shown by my experimental results on mammalia such as rabbit, proved the regenerative process of intestinal canals, and I believe that it is a new information which overthrows the old established view. On the subject of caecumregeneration, Schmalhausen and others have alreacly pointed out that the morphotgenesis of the regenerated organ or tissue is closely connected with the function or its mechanical element, and in case of the regenerative process of rabbit-caecum, its functional relation is undoubtedly the important factor. There are many theories on the caecum-function and caecum of herbivorous animal such as rabbit plays an important role on the digestion and resorption of cellulose as it has been hitherto marked by Tullberg Ustjnzezw Elllenberger and others. Any herbivorcus animal which takes food which is rich with cellulose, posseses the large caecum, and it is a well known fact that Such food taken is stored in the caecum for a long while and sufficient liquid and putrefactive action decompose the cellulose and completely digests. The remained portion of the excised caecum of rabbit partly regains its peculiar cul-de-sac which is physiologically formed as above described, and at least it may be said that the anatomical structure of caecum in which the intestinal contents isolated from the main intestinal canals is stored for a long while which signifies an importance of its function and again a part of the morphological changes in caecum-regeneration is probably a functional adaptation concerning the digestion and resorption of cellulose. Among the intestinal-tissues, the mucous membrane manifests most distinctly its regenerative activity and also the epithelium of mucous membrane on the originally remained portion of caecum is remarkably proliferated. Thus the defect of the caecum-tisseue is compensated by the hypertrophy. Such proliferation is not observed in all the intestinal canals except the caecum alone. Therefore, the epithelium of the caecum appears to monopolize this special function which the small intestines and colon are unable to compensate.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AibaraGiichi en-aut-sei=Aibara en-aut-mei=Giichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=49 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=179 end-page=185 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=199508 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Possible Neuroprotective Therapy for Parkinson's Disease en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Neuroprotective therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) is a treatment intended to prevent or reduce neuronal degeneration. Since clinical studies to evaluate such an effect would be prolonged, the choice of agents for use as possible neuroprotective therapy is based on the results of in vitro and animal experiments. Free radicals are currently regarded as the most important factor in the progression of PD. One current possible neuroprotective therapy is reduction of levodopa dose, since levodopa is a source of free radical formation. Dopamine (DA) metabolism inhibition, and administration of the DA agonist bromocriptine that eliminates hydroxyl free radicals have neuroprotective effects experimentally. The other candidates for neuroprotective agents are still under development. However, those whose clinical use is permitted should be considered for use, since patients with long-standing PD cannot wait until the neuroprotective efficacy of these agents is confirmed by clinical study.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OgawaNorio en-aut-sei=Ogawa en-aut-mei=Norio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=free radical kn-keyword=free radical en-keyword=scavengers kn-keyword=scavengers en-keyword=antioxidants kn-keyword=antioxidants en-keyword=antiexcitotoxic kn-keyword=antiexcitotoxic en-keyword=neurotrophic factors kn-keyword=neurotrophic factors END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=31 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=40 end-page=53 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1963 dt-pub=19630125 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Causes and Prevention of Intestinal Adhesions Part 1. Surve of the Literature kn-title=腸管癒着症に関する研究 第1篇 腸管癒着症に関する文献的考察 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=1) Seven types of irritation causing intestinal adhesions are recognized in the literature : namely, a) mechanical injury; b) chemical injury; c) thermal injury; d) bacterial infection; e) foreign body; f) blood; and g) exsiccation. Certain minor differences of opinion exist among investigators, according to the experimental methods and the experimental animals used, and blood is not universally accepted as a cause of adhesions. The author believes, however, that the above list includes all of the etiological factors so far recognized in the literature. 2) The mechanism of intestinal adhesions is similar to that of wound healing. The problem of fibre synthesis is still unsolved, despite many advances in electlon microscopy, histochemistory and X-ray analysis. In recent years it has been accepted that fibres are synthesized in extra-cellular space from cytoplasmic materials derived from either mesenchymal cells or fibroblasts, and from polysaccharides in ground substances, althoughth eexact kind of polysaccharides which plays an important role in this process is still unknown. 3) Many papers are recognized with the prevention and treament of adhesions. These may be devided into six groups according to the method suggested: a) limitation of the original peritoneal injury; b) prevention of the coagulation of the exudate; c) avoidance of prolonged contact between the injured surfaces; d) removal of the fibrin after its formation; e) stopping or slowing down of the proliferation of fibroblasts; f) prevention of further obstruction by means of controlling the area of damaged intestine in stepladder fashion, the so-called the plication method. 1. It is the common practice of surgeons to limit the original peritoneal lllJury by laparotomy. Experimental studies have demonstrated that peritonealization of an area denuded of serosa often results in more extensive adhesions. 2. To prevent coagulation of the exudate, Lehman and Boys and other investigators used heparin and dicumarol. The role of heparin in the prevention of adhesions may be summarized as follow: there is a short time interval separating the production of the exudate and its subsequent coagulation with the deposition of fibrin on injured serosal surfaces. Anticoagulants of various types should be effective in preventing this fibrin formation if it is assumed that the coagulation mechanism of both exudate and blood is the same. Though the use of heparin and dicumarol has demonstrated a preventive effect on adhesion formation in experimental animals, many surgeons believe that the risk of hemorrhage from heparin and dicumarol outweighs their possible benefit in the prevention of adhesions. 3. To prevent prolonged contact between injured surfaces, amnion, omental and mesothelial graft, and so on, have been used without success. The stimulation of peristalsis by means of prostigmin and early feeding, however, appears to be effective in the prevention of adhesions, although its use in clinical cases has not been reported. 4. The experimental data indicates that streptokinase alone has no preventive effect on the formation of adhesions, because fibrinolysis is facilitated only by the existence of activated human plasmin. Concernig the use of hyaluronidase, this is an enzyme with the property of hydrolyzing hyaluronic acid, one of the polysaccharides that constitutes the intercellular ground substances. Experimental studies on the use of this material indicate, in summary, that topically administered hyaluronidase reduces the number of adhesions and particularly their density. The reason why hyaluronidase is effective in the prevention of adhesions is still unknown. 5. The use of corticoids and ACTH, according to all available experimental data, appears to delay the formation of adhesions and to prevent talc-induced adhesions, possibly by increasing the absorption of talc. In administrating corticoids, however, their tendency to delay wound healing, to perforate the intestinal wall, and to induce hemorrhage must be taken into account. 6. Experimental study and clinical USe of the plication method demonstrate that in patients with severe recurrent adhesions, or in those for whom the afore-mentio ned methods have been ineffective, this procedure is probably the most effective therapy available. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OhtaniMitsuru en-aut-sei=Ohtani en-aut-mei=Mitsuru kn-aut-name=大谷満 kn-aut-sei=大谷 kn-aut-mei=満 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学温泉研究所外科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=20 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=36 end-page=39 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2003 dt-pub=200309 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Physiological Roles of Pituitary Insulin-Like Growth Factor I -Intrapituitary Regulatory System- kn-title=下垂体インスリン様成長因子Ⅰの生理的意義について―下垂体内制御機構について― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakahashiSumio en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Sumio kn-aut-name=高橋純夫 kn-aut-sei=高橋 kn-aut-mei=純夫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HondaJunichi en-aut-sei=Honda en-aut-mei=Junichi kn-aut-name=本多淳一 kn-aut-sei=本多 kn-aut-mei=淳一 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ManabeYoshie en-aut-sei=Manabe en-aut-mei=Yoshie kn-aut-name=真鍋芳江 kn-aut-sei=真鍋 kn-aut-mei=芳江 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumuraRyusei en-aut-sei=Matsumura en-aut-mei=Ryusei kn-aut-name=松村龍成 kn-aut-sei=松村 kn-aut-mei=龍成 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakeuchiSakae en-aut-sei=Takeuchi en-aut-mei=Sakae kn-aut-name=竹内栄 kn-aut-sei=竹内 kn-aut-mei=栄 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学理学部生物学科生体制御科学講座 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学理学部生物学科生体制御科学講座 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学理学部生物学科生体制御科学講座 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学理学部生物学科生体制御科学講座 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学理学部生物学科生体制御科学講座 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=3927 end-page=3929 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19581031 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental Studies on Tuberculous Anemia Part 4. The Causative Factors of Reticulocytes in Tuberculous Anemia kn-title=結核症の貧血に関する実験的研究 第四編 結核性貧血時の網赤血球成熟物質について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In the former report the author presented how the anemias appearing in the tuberculous infection develop and how the characteristics of these anemias are connected to the pathological findings specific to each period. In this report the author demonstrated the decrease of maturing substances in viscera is responsible for the development of these anemias. 1. By observing the maturing course of reticulocyte from the period of anemia, both primary and secondary, it has been proved that reticulocytes added with the maturing substances from the normal guinea pig spleen mature rapidly as nearly as in the case of reticulocytes from the normal animal, showing that they are almost normal in their ripening ability. 2. The spleen from the animals in these stages, both in the primary and the secondary stages, proved that the contents of maturing substances decreased more than that in the normal spleen showing the lessened ability in the power of acceleration of reticulocyte maturation. 3. The marked delay in the reticulocyte maturation found in the secondary anemia comparing to that in the primary anemia is ascribed to the wide extension of the damaged area in the viscera. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NishikazeUruo en-aut-sei=Nishikaze en-aut-mei=Uruo kn-aut-name=西風潤 kn-aut-sei=西風 kn-aut-mei=潤 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一病理学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=3-2 article-no= start-page=1235 end-page=1245 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590315 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental Study on Serum Spermine in Cancer Metabolism Part Ⅰ. On the Mechanism of Quantitative Increase of Serum Spermine kn-title=癌代謝における血清Sperminついての実験的研究 第1篇 血清Sperminの増量機転について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=For the purpose of studying a mechanism of quantitative increase of serum spermine, the author has examined the spermine reaction of patients bearing tumor and studied, in animal experiments, the relation between cancer toxin and serum spermine, in cases of viscera damaged. Results obtained are as follows. 1) Serum spermine reaction was positive in 86 per cent (including false positive) of 69 cases of cancer patients, and in 35 per cent of cases bearing non-cancerous tumor. 2) Serum spermine had no relation to serum protein in cancer patients, and showed no differences in cancers different histologically. 3) A factor increasing serum spermine was present in cancer extract, urine of cancer patients, and toxohormone which containes so-called cancer toxin. 4) The pancreas, liver, adrenal gland and reticuloendothelial system were thought to be related to the metabolism of serum spermine. From the facts described above, it is presumed that the serum spermine would be increased following disorders of the pancreas, liver, adrenal gland and reticuloendothelial system caused by cancer toxin. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamaguchiMasuichi en-aut-sei=Yamaguchi en-aut-mei=Masuichi kn-aut-name=山口益一 kn-aut-sei=山口 kn-aut-mei=益一 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=2829 end-page=2884 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19580831 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Absorption Activity of the Oral Mucosa kn-title=口腔粘膜の吸収能に就いて en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=By the use of trypan blue, i.e. lipoid insoluble acid stain, in order to make observation of absorption activity of the oral mucosa, animals' mucosa with rapid absorption activity, its location, absorbing process, and absorbing conditions were investigated. Then clinical and biological observation on absorption of hormone of the salivary gland was tried. Ⅰ. Mixture containing equal parts of 1 per cent solution of trypan blue and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution was dropped and painted over the normal oral mucosa of various kinds of animals, such as dog, cat, hamster, albino rat, chicken, elaphis virgatus, lizard, rana esculenta, eft, and crusian and absorption of the solution was observed. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Absorption varied according to the kinds of animals. 2) In general absorption of the lower verbetrata was more remarkable than that of mammals and birds. 3) In mammals that of dogs was more marked than that of cat, hamster and albino rat. 4) In dogs marked absorption was seen in buccal and sublingual mucosa, particularly at the sublingual and parotid salivary papillae and their surrounding areas. 5) In albino rats absorption was made at the hard palate corresponding to the tip of the tongue. Ⅱ. In premature dogs it was equal to that of mature dogs. Ⅲ. No absorption was seen in the oral mucosa of the dog's and rabbit's fetus, while slight one was seen around the erupted teeth of the guinea-pig's fetus. Ⅳ. T.B. was not introduced into the ep. cells of rabbit's oral mueosa in case of vital staining. Ⅴ. The effects of various factors on T.B. absorption of the oral mucosa in dogs' experiments were as follows: Absorption-stimulating factors are, local thermal stimulation, Grace helio lamp irradiation. roentgen irradiation of amount of 60 r to 100 r, radium irradiation of amount of 33 mg. h, to 66 mg. h., intracranial amputation of maxillary and mandibular divisions of trigeminal nerve just after the procedure. and local injection of Teabrom (T.E.A.B.), in the early stage of injection, while absorption-inhibiting factor was local cold stimulation and no absorption was stimulated in case of anemia of the head following ligation of the common carotid artery. Ⅵ. Parotin and Saliva-parotin, i.e. hormone of the salivary gland was painted over the oral mueosa of man, clog and rabbit. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Leucocytosis was noticed in cases of dog (1.2~5.0 mg./kg. of Parotin administered) and man (0.2~0.4 mg./kg. of Parotin or 0.1-0.2 mg./kg. of Saliva-parotin administered), 2) decrease of serum Ca. and leucocytosis in case of rabbit (1.0-5.0 mg./kg. of Parotin and Saliva-parotin administered), and 3) stimulated calcification of dentine in case of rabbit (5 mg./kg. of Parotin administered). These results Will suggest us the following factors as those effecting on absorbing mechanism of the oral mueosa, especially of the epithelium: 1) resistance, 2) intensity of surface tension, 3) intercellular density, 4) characteristics of chemical substances and solvent, and 5) special vital function of the cells. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IdeiKiyoo en-aut-sei=Idei en-aut-mei=Kiyoo kn-aut-name=出井清雄 kn-aut-sei=出井 kn-aut-mei=清雄 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部歯科学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=2-1 article-no= start-page=527 end-page=541 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental Gastric Ulcer Induced by Hormonal Disharmony Part 1. On the influence of some factors upon gastric ulcer induced by adrenalectomy kn-title=ホルモン失調性潰瘍に関する実験的研究 第1編 副腎剔出後の潰瘍発生におよぼす諸因子の影響に関する実験的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Ulcer induced by adrenalectomy has been found in close relationships with abnormalities in blood components, particularly with inbalance in serum K and Na. When the abnormality of these blood components after adrenalectomy was corrected by oral administration of 1.0% NaCl solution, by substitution therapy utilizing adrenal cortical hormone (cortisone) or by vagotomy, ulcer could be prevented. However, the excessive substitution therapy was found to fail preventing the induction of ulcer, intramuscular administration of cortisone 5 mg/animal/day had failed to prevent the ulcer. But a formation of ulcer in adults rats could be prevented by oral administration of 1 % KCl with cortisone 5 mg/animal/day after adrenalectomy. Since the facts descrived above, it was concluded that inbalance of the blood components due to disharmony in adrenal cortical hormones resulted in weakening of the tissue resistance of gastric mucosa, which would be one of the most important factors in experimental gastric ulcer mentioned above. In this meaning, 1 called it as "gastric ulcer due to hormonal disharmony" and discussed in detail. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TanabeKenichi en-aut-sei=Tanabe en-aut-mei=Kenichi kn-aut-name=田辺憲一 kn-aut-sei=田辺 kn-aut-mei=憲一 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=1725 end-page=1736 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19580531 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the Active Estrogen in the Urine of Uterine Cancer Patient kn-title=子宮癌患者の尿中活性Estrogenに就いて en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=For a quite long time a considerable attention has been focused on the relationship between the etiology of cancer and estrogen, and experimental and clinical studies have been conducted from various angles. However, studies on this problem by a direct quantitative analysis of estrogen are still meager. The methods of quantitative analysis of estrogen, on the other hand, namely, both the biological and the chemical determinations, have recently been so improved that it is now possible to conduct microdetection of estrogen. Moreover, by chemical determination estrogne can now be estimated so that the actual estrogen metabolism in vivo is being clarified. Therefore, an attempt has been made to explore the relationship between cancer and estrogen. First women over three years past menopause were selected so as to avoid the effect of variations in menstrual period as well as the effect of fluctuations in estrogen at menopause. Active estrogen in urine was then determined in order to estimate indirectly the active estrogen in vivo. These procedures were undertaken for both the non-cancer and the cancer cases for the comparison: and at the same time the active estrogen in cases with cervical cancer were studied in detail by dividing the duration of cancer progress into various stages. The purpose of this paper is to present the findings obtained from the foregoing study. 1) As for the sensitivity of the biological microdetection method devised by us and applied in experimental animals that proved to be over 60 per cent positive, it has been possible to detect 0.00075 γ estradiol. Moreover, in the application of this method for comparative study of estrogen excreted into urine, it has been found that the use of urine during 12 hours at night is simpler and more adequate. 2) As for the average estrogen quantity, cases with uterine cancer tend to show an increase as compared with that in non-cancer cases; in comparing solely the cases with cervical cancer the quantity likewise tends to show an increase in contrast with non-cancer cases; and in the cases with cervical cancer at various progressive stages it has been observed that the further advanced the cancer the greater tends to be the estrogen excreted in urine. 3) Among the patients with cervical cancer, only 17.6 per cent showed a marked abnormality in estrogen as compared with non-cancer cases; and the majority of them showed estrogen distribution within the range of that in non-cancer cases. 4) Excepting these abnormally increased cases, and designating those that clearly surpassed the average of estrogen content over the control (non-cancer group) as a relatively increased group, the rate of incidence of this relatively-increased group is higher in the cases with cervical cancer than that in the control; and the rate of such incidence is higher in a more advanced case. 5) However, even in the cases of cervical cancers in stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ, there were some cases showing about the same proportion of relatively low quantity of estrogen as in the control; and these results rather coincided accidentally with those of disturbances observable in the liver function in the cervical cancer as already reported in the literature. In addition, in a single case in which the quantity of estrogen has been possible to compare with histological findings of ovarian lesions, as no appreciable decrease in estrogen quantity can be observed in comparison with the findings of ovarian lesions, it is assumed that the causative factor for estrogen increment exists outside the ovarian lesions. As for the causative factor the functions of the liver and of the adrenal cortex seem to play important role. However, as can be assumed from the results of experiments so far described, the disturbances in the liver functions appear to play a principal role in elevating the quantity of active estrogen in urine of cervical cancer patient. 6) As regards the relationship between the pattern of cancer growth and the size of visible part of carcinogenic focus on one hand and the quantity of estrogen on the other, there is nothing especially noteworthy to mention. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MoriKumehiko en-aut-sei=Mori en-aut-mei=Kumehiko kn-aut-name=森久米彦 kn-aut-sei=森 kn-aut-mei=久米彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部産婦人科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=72 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=1011 end-page=1022 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1960 dt-pub=19600330 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental Gastric Ulcer Induced by Hormonal Disharmony Part 1. On the Influence of Some Changes in Blood Component Upon the Gastric Ulcer Induced by Adrenalectomy kn-title=ホルモン失調性胃潰瘍の実験的研究 第1編 ホルモン失調性胃潰瘍と血液性変化との関係 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The relationship between the ulceration in the glandular stomach of rats, induced by adranalectomy, and the substitution therapy or the changes in blood components has been investigated. As agents for the substitution therapy after adranalectomy physiologic saline solution, cortisone and DOCA were used. During the substitution therapy, non-protein nitrogen in whole blood, protein and sodium-potagsium concentration in serum were determined. When the abnormality of sodium-potassium balance in the serum after adrenalectomy was corrected by the administration of physiologic saline solution or cortisone (0.1-0.15/mg/day/100g B.W.), ulceration could be prevented. However, when the excessive substitution therapy by cortisone (5 mg/bay/animal) was done, it was failed to prevent the induction of ulceration. When DOCA was used excessively and sodium-potassium balance in serum was under the state of disharmony, no ulceration was found. And it was recognized that the ulceration and the change in the none protein nitrogen or protein was not intimately correlated. Through these experiments, it has been, therefore, surmized that the gastric ulceration following adranalectomy was mainly influenced by the sort of substitution therapy, rather than by the alteration of certain specific factor in the blood components. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KondoHidemi en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hidemi kn-aut-name=近藤日出海 kn-aut-sei=近藤 kn-aut-mei=日出海 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=77 cd-vols= no-issue=8-9 article-no= start-page=1223 end-page=1231 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1965 dt-pub=19650930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental Studies on Humoral Resistant Factors and Cancer 3. Action mechanism of the drugs that possess ability to raise the serum properdin level and their anticancer effects kn-title=液性抵抗因子と癌に関する実験的研究 第3編 血清properdin上昇作用および制癌性を有する薬剤の作用機序に関する実験的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=For the purpose to elucidate action mechanism of pantothenic acid (PaA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that possess the ability to raise the serum properdin level and show anticancer effect when administered to cancer-bearing animals, a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments was carried out and the following results were obtained. 1. PaA, when give to normal mice, accelerates the liver catalase activity, and when it is administered alone or concurrently with anticancer agent to cancer-bearing mice, the catalase activity is enhanced to a still greater extent. 2. PaA, GABA, Orotic acid, Thio-TEPA, and mitomycin C have been found to accelerate the anaerobic glycolysis of Ehrlich carcinoma cells but carzinophilin rather suppresses it. 3. The effect of PaA and GABA on the serum properdin level resembles closely to that of ACTH, but differs from the effect of cortisone in that the high level of the serum properdin is sustained even after the completion of drug administration. 4. GABA, ACTH, and PaA have the ability to prolong the survival time of cancer-bearing mice, but cortisone rather aggravates cancer. 5. From these findings it is concluded that PaA and GABA do not act directly on tumor cells but act on the pituitary body by way of the higher nervous center while on the other hand, these drugs act on the cells of host, especially those of the reticuloendothelial system and liver, thus potentiating anticancer factors including the serum properdin level. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyakeKazutada en-aut-sei=Miyake en-aut-mei=Kazutada kn-aut-name=三宅一忠 kn-aut-sei=三宅 kn-aut-mei=一忠 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=77 cd-vols= no-issue=8-9 article-no= start-page=1213 end-page=1222 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1965 dt-pub=19650930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental Studies on Humoral Resistant Factors and Cancer 2. Effects of the agents, that elevate the serum properdin level, on cancer-bearing animals kn-title=液性抵抗因子と癌に関する実験的研究 第2編 血清properdin上昇作用を有する薬剤の担癌生体におよぼす影響に関する実験的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In order to see the effects cf the drugs that elevate the serum properdin level on cancerbearing animals, pantothenic acid (PaA), GABA, orotic acid (OrA), and vitamin K were given singly to mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma or these were concurrently administered with such anticancer drugs as Thio-TEPA and mitomycin C. The results of this study are given in the following. 1. The administration of PaA or GABA alone not only prevents the fall in the serum properdin level but also prolongs the survival time of cancer bearing animals as compared with the control group not given such treatment. When these drugs are used concurrently with the anticancer agents mentioned above, the anticancer effect and the preventive effect on the diminution in the properdin level are further enhanced. 2. Orotic acid and vitamin K have been found to have not much effect as to prolong the survival time nor to prevent the fall in the serum properdin level, whether given alone or concurrently with the anticancer agents. 3. In the concurrent use of anticancer agents, it has been demonstrated that a greater effect of prolongation of survival time as well as prevention of the fall in the serum properdin level is attained when the properdin level-raising agent is administered prior to the administration of anticancer drug. 4. Although properdin seems to be one of the anticancer factors, the anticancer effect of these drugs cannot be directly connected to the action to elevate properdin level. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyakeKazutada en-aut-sei=Miyake en-aut-mei=Kazutada kn-aut-name=三宅一忠 kn-aut-sei=三宅 kn-aut-mei=一忠 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=80 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=399 end-page=409 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1968 dt-pub=19680430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Immunological Studies on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Part Ⅱ Experimental Production of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) kn-title=汎発性紅斑性狼瘡に関する免疫学的研究 第2編 実験的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=1. There were no changes suggestive of SLE in the rabbits that had received hydralazine in daily dossage of 200mg per kilogram body weight for as long as 4 months. 2. Of the rabbits sensitized with egg white and, in addition, administered with hydralazine, many died suddenly after injections of egg white, but a few rabbits showed anemia, probably hemolytic in type. No LE cell phenomenon or antinuclear factor (ANF) was revealed in this group. 3. Slight leucopenia, albuminuria, hypergamma-globulinemia and increased IgG were found in the rabbits injected with rat anti-rabbit cell nuclei serum. Four rabbits showed nephritis, productive in form at necropsy, with deposition of γ-globulin in glomerular capil laries as revealed by the direct FAT. Weak LE cell phenomenon and ANF were positive in one rabbit. 4. It is presumable that, as in human cases, hereditary factor is impcrtant to produce the models of auto-immune diseases in animals. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyawakiShoji en-aut-sei=Miyawaki en-aut-mei=Shoji kn-aut-name=宮脇昌 kn-aut-sei=宮脇 kn-aut-mei=昌 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部大藤内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=81 cd-vols= no-issue=9-10 article-no= start-page=601 end-page=608 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1970 dt-pub=19700330 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental Study on the Oral Gangrene Appearing in Takahara's Disease Part Ⅰ Histopathological Study on Palate of Duck after Injection of Diplococcus pneumoniae (Type Ⅱ) kn-title=高原氏病に出現する口腔壊疽についての実験的研究 第1編 肺炎双球菌により惹起された家鴨口蓋粘膜病変の組織学的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In acatalasemia we often encounter specific oral gangrene called Takahara's disease. With the purpose to elucidate the causative factor of this gangrene, ducks having only a trace amount of catalase in their blood or plalate tissue were used as experimental animals. Diplococcus pneumoniae (Type Ⅱ) is known to generate hydrogen peroxide and contains little or no catalatic substance in itself. By suspending this Diplococcus pneumoniae in isotonic saline solution of 0.75% glucose, this suspension was injected under the mucous membrane of the duck palate. Then histopathological investigations and macroscopical observations were carried out at certain intervals after the injection. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Macroscopically, 24 hours after injection there appeared whitish coat and slight reddening and swelling surrounding the coat, and 72 hours after injection gangrene resembling the one observable in acatalasemia cases appeared. 2) Experimental histopathological study showed marked changes in blood vessel wall, In contrast, pathological changes of muscles and glands were hardly observed. Now we hold such hypotheses proposed by Kaziro or Takahara that dysfunction of the so-called respiratory enzyme group or oxygen deficiency due to methemoglobin-formation are the causative factors of this disease. From these results, it is assumed that the macroscopical and histopathological changes in duck palate resembling the findings observed in acatalasemia cases were caused by the oxidative action of deposit of hydrogen peroxide generated by Diplococcus pneumoniae (Type Ⅱ). The action mechanism of hydrogen peroxide is not definitively clarified from these results. But it is certain that the circulatory disturbances brought about by the marked changes in blood vessel wall, especially the wall of arteries, seem to evoke definitively oral gangrene. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MitaniYasuo en-aut-sei=Mitani en-aut-mei=Yasuo kn-aut-name=三谷恭夫 kn-aut-sei=三谷 kn-aut-mei=恭夫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部耳鼻咽喉科学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=84 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=535 end-page=550 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1972 dt-pub=19721230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Antimitotic factors extracted from marine animals kn-title=数種の海産動物から抽出した細胞分裂調節物質に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=Antimitotic effect were compared among several marine animals, such as, sea cucumber, octopus, mytilus and top shell, according to cornin-extraction method, ammonium sulfate fractionation method and alcholic fractionation method. For the tests of dividing cells were used fertilized sea urchin egg, cultured HeLa cell, CHL cell, HE12TMR cell and explanted Ehrlich ascites cartinoma cell in ddN strain mouse. The experimental results can be summarized as follows. 1) Cornin extracted from sea cucumber complately inhibited on proliferation of cultured cells in 0.1 per cent. And this factor retained in non-dialysable fraction. Sea cucumber cornin, however, did not effect on proliferation of Ehrlich ascites cartimoma cell. 2) Cornin extracted from octopus inhibited on growing of cultured cell in 0.5 per cent. But octopus cornin increased growing of Ehrlich ascites cartinoma cell. 3) Cornin extracted from mytilus inhibited cell division of sea urchin eggs at more than 10(-4)g/ml. And in the case of cultured cell it effected at 0.1 per cent. This factor was found in nondialysable fraction. This factor has no effect on increase Ehrlich cancer cell. Fraction of mytilus got from ammonium sulfate fractionation method showed the effect as same as mytilus-cornin. According to alcholic fractionation method, the fraction of mytilus inhibited growth of Ehrlich cancer cell. We found that some cases recoverd perfectly by intraperitoneally administration of this fraction 20mg a day during 5 days. But this activity was disappeared by heat treatment. 4) Antimitotic factors from top shell-cornin and top shell-alcholic were inhibited on cultured cell at 0.5 per cent. However, did not inhibit on proliferation of Ehrlich cancer cells. 5) Antimitotic factors extracted from these marine animals have maximum absoption at 260mμ, and non-dialysable. kn-abstract=マナマコ,マダコ,ムラサキイガイ,サザエからcornin抽出法,硫安分画法及びアルコール分画法に従って細胞分裂抑制物質の抽出を試みた。分裂細胞としては,ウニの受精卵,in vitroの実験にはHeLa細胞,CHL細胞及び,HE12TMR細胞の培養細胞,in vivoの実験にはEhrlich腹水ガン細胞をddN系マウスに移殖して用いた。1. ナマコから抽出したcorninは培養細胞の増殖を0.1%の濃度で完全に阻害する。そしてこの作用は非透析性分画にある。しかしEhrlich腹水ガン細胞の増殖には効果は少ない。2. タコーcorninは培養細胞に対しては,0.5%の濃度で分裂抑制作用を示すが, Ehrlich腹水ガン細胞の増殖は反って促進させる。3. イガイから抽出したcorninはウニの受精卵の分裂は10-4g/ml以上の濃度で,遅延効果が現れる。培養細胞に対しては,0.1%の濃度で分裂を阻害する。そしてその有効成分は非透析性分画にある。しかしEhrlich腹水ガン細胞の増殖には影響がない。イガイから硫安分画法で得た分画は,イガイのcorninと似た効果を示した。イガイからアルコール分画法で得た分画は,Ehrlichガン細胞の増殖を抑制する。1日20mg連続5日腹腔内注射により,完全治癒の例がみられた。この作用は熱処理することにより失活した。4. サザエから得たcornin分画,アルコール分画共に培養細胞の増殖は,0.5%の濃度で阻害する。しかし,Ehrlich腹水ガン細胞の増殖に対しては対照と差がない。5. 4種の海産動物から抽出した分裂抑制因子は260mμあたりに,吸収の極大を示し,非透析性である。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NakaraiAkihide en-aut-sei=Nakarai en-aut-mei=Akihide kn-aut-name=半井昭英 kn-aut-sei=半井 kn-aut-mei=昭英 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一生理学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=81 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=17 end-page=37 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1969 dt-pub=19690228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental and Clinical Study on Prolonged Extracorporeal Circulation kn-title=長時間体外循環の実験的,臨床的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Effects of prolonged extracorporeal circulation lasting four hours on acid-base balance were studied on dogs. Following results were obtained. 1) High flow perfusion is superior to low flow in all aspects. 2) Low molecular weight dextran is effective to prevent peripheral intravascular pooling of blood resulting in steady venous return, to maintain high flow rate and normal blood pressure, and also to inhibit increase in excess lactate. Dilution rate ranging from 15 to 25 per cent is pertinent. 3) Correction of pH with either sodium bicarbonate or Tris-buffer is preferable to compensation by respiratory alkalosis. 4) Survival time of the experimental animals can be prologed by blood replacement with fresh blood at the termination of the perfusion. However, no experimental animals survived the experiment. The same was studied on patients who underwent open heart surgery. All survived the operation and the results were as follows. 1) The metabolic changes are most prominent immediately after the perfusion and a tendency to recover appears 3 hours after the procedure. The return to normal condition is accomplished later than 5 hours after the perfusion. 2) Recovery of the various factors concerning with the acid-base balance (pH, pCO(2), baseexcess, lactids, excess lactate) is delayed proportionately to the prolongation of the perfusion time. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IwasaShigeo en-aut-sei=Iwasa en-aut-mei=Shigeo kn-aut-name=岩浅茂夫 kn-aut-sei=岩浅 kn-aut-mei=茂夫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部砂田外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=83 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=481 end-page=490 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1971 dt-pub=19711230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Metabolism and Microautoradiography of Labeled Chinoform in Rats with Liver and Kidney Lesions kn-title=肝,腎障害ラットにおける放射性キノホルムの代謝とミクロラジオオートグラフイー en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Recently, chinoform has come to attract the attention as one of the etiologic factors of the disease, subacute myelo-optico neuropathy commonly known as SMON in Japan. For the purpose to study the metabolism of chinoform in vivo, a series of experiments were conducted with labeled chinoform ((131)I-chinoform) with rats of Wistar strain. As a step to increase the toxicity of chinoform, carbon tetrachloride was administered to the rats to induce liver disturbances as to increase the chinoform retention in vivo, and as another step rabbit-antirat kidney serum was injected to the animals so as to elicit allergic nephritis, and then (131)I-chinoform was intravenously injected each of these two groups of animals. The next procedure was to analyze the in vivo distribution of (131)I-chinoform. The results of the study are briefly summarized as follows. In the case administered with carbon tetrachloride practically all the central nervous system and the sciatic nerve revealed a higher radioactivity of free chinoform, and also the percentage of free chinoform to the total chinoform was greater as revealed by the radioactivity of the chloroform-soluble fraction. By microautoradiography, labeled chinoform was detected in Purkinje cells and glial cells in the molecular layer of the cerebellum, glial cells of the thalamus as well as the brain stem, and in the posterior root ganglia, anterior horn cells and meninges of the spinal cord. In the liver it was observed in Kupffer stellate cells and cholangioli and slightly in hepatic cells. As for the kidney, the labeled chinoform was markedly incorporated in the proximal convoluted tubuli and slightly in the glomeruli. Next, in the rats with experimental nephritis, the decreasing rate of radioactivity in the blood was relatively low as compared with that of the control group. In the kidneys the radioactivity was high in the total fraction, chloroform-soluble fraction and chloroform-insoluble fraction as compared with respective values in the controls, showing 30 to 50-fold values. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KurodaShigetoshi en-aut-sei=Kuroda en-aut-mei=Shigetoshi kn-aut-name=黒田重利 kn-aut-sei=黒田 kn-aut-mei=重利 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=90 cd-vols= no-issue=9-10 article-no= start-page=1165 end-page=1178 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1978 dt-pub=19781030 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental studies on pathogenesis of communicating hydrocephalus following subarachnoid hemorrhage kn-title=クモ膜下出血に伴う交通性水頭症の発生機序に関する実験的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Subarachnoid hemorrhage following rupture of aneurysm is one of the significant factors that cause communicating hydrocephalus. The present study describes the mechanisms of communicating hydrocephalus following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Using 26 adult mongrel dogs, cisternal puncture was percutaneously made through which about 10ml of autologous whole blood was injected aseptically. Three to five weeks after the injection, animals were served for the experiments as a chronic subarachnoid hemorrhage group. Subacute subarachnoid hemorrhage group was obtained one week after the injection. Normal animals without cisternal puncture (or subarachnoid hemorrhage) were served as control. Laminectomy at the second cervical level was performed, and two silicone tubes were inserted upward into the cisterna magna (intracranial subarachnoid space) and downward into the spinal subarachnoid space. Then, extradural ligation of the spinal cord was made with silk threads at two different places to completely separate the subarachnoid space into the intracranial and the intrathecal portions. Saline solution was injected through each tube and at the same time changes in the CSF pressure were continuously recorded with transducers. Control cases: In the intracranial space, the elevated pressure (about 2000mmH(2)O) after injection of saline solution rapidly dropped to the level of 100-150mmH(2)O for the period of 2-3 min. In the intrathecal the level of CSF pressure fell down abruptly after the injection, and then decreased more slowly than in the intracranial. Acute subarachnoid hemorrhage cases: The saline solution and blood in an equal volume was injected alternately. The high CSF pressure after the injection of saline solution was sustained for the longer period, as the more volume of blood was injected. At the same number of times of blood injection, the absorption capacity of saline in the intracranial space was more easily impaired than in the intrathecal. Subacute subarachnoid hemorrhage cases: Mildly prolonged elevation of CSF pressure was recorded after the injection of saline solution in both subarachnoid spaces. However the amplitude of pulsation in intracranial subarachnoid space and the grade of initial pressure drop in intrathecal space were almost same as that of control cases. Chronic subarachnoid hemorrhage cases: Prolonged elevation of CSF pressure was seen after the injection of saline in each part. Moreover, in the intracranial space, the amplitude of pulsation of CSF pressure was higher than that in control cases. In the intrathecal, as compared with control cases, the height of initial drop in CSF pressure was more markedly increased. This phenomenon seems to have occurred due to reduced elasticity of meninges against the increased pressure by saline injection. And a distinct increase of amplitude of the pulse wave in the intracranial space of chronic cases seems to be one of the factors that would cause the ventricular dilatation along with the decrease in the elasticity of the meninges. Actually, ventricular dilatation was recognized in almost all chronic animals. It may conclude that, following subarachnoid hemorrhage, the impairment of CSF absorption in not only intracranial but also intrathecal subarachnoid spaces, the decrease of the spinal dural sac elasticity and the increased amplitude of CSF pulsation seem to play an important role in producing communicating hydrocephalus. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SuzukiKenji en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name=鈴木健二 kn-aut-sei=鈴木 kn-aut-mei=健二 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学脳神経外科学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=87 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=225 end-page=241 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1975 dt-pub=19750430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Lipoprotein Lipase Ⅱ. Changes in Endogenous Lipoprotein Lipase Activity and Lipids of Man and Rabbit Plasma in Oral Glucose Tolerance Test kn-title=リポ蛋白リパーゼに関する研究 第二編 経口糖負荷試験時における内因性リポ蛋白リパーゼ活性並びに脂質の変動について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The previous finding noted in man of significant difference in endogenous lipoprotein lipase (ELPL) activity of plasma in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between diabetic state and non-diabetic state has been confirmed and attested by experiments in rabbits. Observations were also made of plasma lipid changes associated with OGTT and of those in rabbits with developing steroid-diabetes by corticosteroid injection, with the results as follows. 1) In OGTT, non-diabetic state exhibited a bi-peaked curve for plasma ELPL activity with maxima at 90 and 150 minutes after an oral dose of glucose whereas diabetic state showed an activity curve with a single peak at 90 minutes after oral glucose administration. 2) In OGTT, non-diabetic rabbits (maintained on bean-curd refuse diet or lanolin diet) exhibited a bi-peaked curve for plasma ELPL activity with maxima at 30 and 120 minutes after an oral dose of glucose whereas rabbits with alloxan-or steroid-diabetes showed an activity curve with a single peak at 90 minutes after oral glucose administration. 3) During the OGTT the animals displayed prominent changes in plasma nonesterified fatty acid levels while such other plasma lipid factors as triglycerides, total cholesterol, phospholipid and total lipid remained virtually unchanged. 4) Steroid-induced diabetes was faster in onset in lanolin fed rabbits with hyperlipidemia, compared with animals maintained on bean-curd refuse diet. 5) The most prominent feature of abnormal lipid metabolism observed in rabbits with developing steroid-diabetes was elevation of serum triglycerides. 6) Principal fatty acid levels in the plasma of rabbits receiving a corticosteroid were determined at certain time-intervals during the OGTT. All these fatty acids showed changes with time, being particularly marked at 180 minutes after glucose administration; changes of palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid concentrations were conspicuous in both the bean-curd refuse fed group and the lanolin fed group. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MakihataHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Makihata en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name=巻幡博之 kn-aut-sei=巻幡 kn-aut-mei=博之 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第2内科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=87 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=211 end-page=223 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1975 dt-pub=19750430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Lipoprotein Lipase Ⅰ. Studies on Post-heparin Lipolytic Activity in Man and Rabbits kn-title=リポ蛋白リパーゼに関する研究 第一編 ヘパリン静注後血漿リポ蛋白リパーゼ活性についての研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Plasma lipoprotein lipase activity following intravenous injection of heparin or post-heparin lipolytic activity (PHLA), is generally believed to function as a lipemia clearing factor and there have been many reports of studies concerning its changes associated with the progress of atherosclerosis or aging. The findings in my clinical investigation that normal subjects showed PHLA values significantly lower than those in atherosclerosis and that PHLA declined pysiologically with the advancing age prompted me and experimental study in three diet groups of rabbits (vegetables, bean-curd refuse, and lanolin) with the purpose of clarifying the underlying mechanism. 1) Normal subjects showed PHLA values (553.0±125.0μEq/L, N=33) significantly lower than those in atherosclerosis (252.0±41.0μEq/L, N=15, P<0.05) and that PHLA diclined physiologically with advancing age. 2) There was evidence of progressive physiological decline of PHLA over a six-month period of continuous observation in all diet groups of animals. In rabbits with hyperlipidemia maintained on lanolin diet, the fall of PHLA was earlier in onset along with development of lipemia. 3) The pattern of PHLA decline was observed to differ noticeably among the three diet groups. 4) Rabbits fed bean-curd refuse diet and those receiving lanolin diet were sacrificed after six months of observation and histopathologic examinations made of slides prepared from the thoracic and abdominal aorta revealed definite arteriosclerotic changes in lanolin-fed animals but no such microscopic evidence in those fed bean-curd refuse. The lanolin diet group displayed a significantly greater decline of PHLA, as compared with the bean-curd refuse diet group. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MakihataHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Makihata en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name=巻幡博之 kn-aut-sei=巻幡 kn-aut-mei=博之 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第2内科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=90 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=225 end-page=249 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1978 dt-pub=19780228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the ano-rectal functions following sphincter-preserving operations for the rectal cancer kn-title=直腸癌に対する肛門括約筋保存手術後の排便機能に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In 60 cases of rectal cancer who underwent sphincter-preserving operations between 1962 and 1975, post-operative ano-rectal functions were examined by means of subjective symptoms, digital examination through the anal canal, the pressure inside the anal canal, electromyography of the external sphincter, anal canal sensory examinations, reflex of the internal sphincter and radiography of the rectum. In 28 cases of anterior resection, the post-operative ano-rectal functions were good as long as there was no stenosis in the junction part. In patients who underwent the invagination type operation, the ano-rectal functions were also good as in the anterior resection cases. In cases of the pull-through operation, the ano-rectal functions in the initial post-operative period were worse than those for the other types of operation. The reason for this is thought to be the loss of the internal sphincter reflex and the decrease in reservoir continence due to defective ampulla formation. However, two years after the operations, the ano-rectal functions of these patients showed considerable improvement. In particulart, ano-rectal functions were good when the post-operative ampulla formation was good even when there was no internal sphincter reflex but the functions were disturbed in some way if there was internal sphincter reflex but poor ampulla formation. From animal experiments, it was evident that rectal ampulla is an important factor in post-operative ano-rectal functions. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YoshikawaMamoru en-aut-sei=Yoshikawa en-aut-mei=Mamoru kn-aut-name=吉川守 kn-aut-sei=吉川 kn-aut-mei=守 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=90 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=149 end-page=157 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1978 dt-pub=19780228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effects of toxohormone on cancer immunity kn-title=癌と免疫に及ぼすTOXOHORMONEの影響に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Toxohormone (T.H.) was made to react with the series of tumor immunity in experimental animals and the following results were obtained. 1. T.H. was found to inhibit the anit-tumor activity of regional lymphnode cells in the Ehrlich cancer bearing mice in vitro. 2. T.H. proved to diminish the inhibitory activity of regional lymphnode cells on tumor proliferation in the neutralization-tumor transplantation tests in vitro. 3. T.H. showed an inhibitory activity on immune lymphocytes in the direct method of the macrophage migration tests in vitro. However, by the indirect method, it did not show such activity. This seems to be due to the fact that T.H. acts directly on lymphocytes but not on the inhibitory factor of macrophage migration. T.H. may be a factor suppressing cancer immunity in advanced cancer cases nonspecifically. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SuzukiKoichi en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Koichi kn-aut-name=鈴木紘一 kn-aut-sei=鈴木 kn-aut-mei=紘一 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=91 cd-vols= no-issue=7-8 article-no= start-page=881 end-page=892 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1979 dt-pub=19790830 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on cerebral hemodynamics during acute intracranial hypertension 2. The effects of acute increased intracranial pressure on cerebral blood volume kn-title=急性頭蓋内圧亢進時の脳循環動態に関する研究 第2編 急性頭蓋内圧亢進と脳血液量の変動 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=During conditions of increased intracranial pressure (ICP), the cerebral blood volume (CBV) is thought to be an important factor producing acute brain swelling. Because of technical problems in measuring CBV, however, the changes in CBV during increased intracranial pressure are still poorly understood. In this study, during stepwise increases in ICP in 22 unselected mongrel dogs, CBV was measured continuously by a photoelectric method and cerebral blood flow (CBF) by a heat clearance method. CO(2) reactivity was also obtained from alterations of CBV following inhalation of 10% CO(2). ICP was gradually raised by infusion of saline through a tube into the cisterna magna from a bottle of fluid which was lifted to various height, and then the ICP was returned to the control level. While ICP was below 40-70 mmHg, neither CBV nor CBF showed any changes. However, as ICP was raised further, CBV showed a continuous increase while CBF showed a continuous decrease. CO(2) reactivity was completely lost when ICP was more than 110 mmHg, at which stage increase of CBV was thought to be due to vasomotor paralysis. Finally, CBV decreased when ICP reached the level of mean arterial blood pressure. This suggests that marked intracranial hypertension might act to squeeze the blood from cerebral vessels. In contrast, the animals with a vasopressor response had an increase in CBV in advanced intracranial hypertension. From these results, it appeared that the changes in CBV were dependent on the mean arterial blood pressure at the stage where vasomotor paralysis developed. Even after restoring the raised intracranial pressure with a vasopressor response to control level, both CBV and ICP continued to increase with no recovery of CO(2) reactivity. This result indicates that acute brain swelling might be caused by arterial hypertension during markedly increased intracranial pressure. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KuyamaHideyuki en-aut-sei=Kuyama en-aut-mei=Hideyuki kn-aut-name=久山秀幸 kn-aut-sei=久山 kn-aut-mei=秀幸 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科学教室 en-keyword=Cerebral blood volume kn-keyword=Cerebral blood volume en-keyword=Cerebral blood flow kn-keyword=Cerebral blood flow en-keyword=Increased intracranial pressure kn-keyword=Increased intracranial pressure en-keyword=CO(2) reactivity kn-keyword=CO(2) reactivity en-keyword=Vasomotor paralysis kn-keyword=Vasomotor paralysis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=96 cd-vols= no-issue=7-8 article-no= start-page=791 end-page=813 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1984 dt-pub=19840830 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Histopathological Study of Acute Renal Failure (ARF): Ⅱ. Course of histocytopathologic changes in experimental ischemic kidney kn-title=急性腎不全の腎組織病変に関する研究 第Ⅱ編 実験的虚血腎の経日的組織細胞学的変化とその病態病理について―光顕および電顕における観察― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Much is yet to be understood about symptom development in acute renal failure (ARF). The author designed an animal experiment to investigate the factors involved in the progress of renal ischemia to ARF. The course of tissue damage and subsequent repair of kidney tissue of domestic rabbits following 90 minutes of induced ischemia was observed light and electron microscopically. The results suggested that ischemia is followed by DIC which then progresses to ARF. The degree of DIC seemed to affect the severity of renal dysfunction. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FurutaniSei en-aut-sei=Furutani en-aut-mei=Sei kn-aut-name=古谷生 kn-aut-sei=古谷 kn-aut-mei=生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部麻酔学教室 en-keyword=Acute Renal Failure kn-keyword=Acute Renal Failure en-keyword=Electron microscopy kn-keyword=Electron microscopy en-keyword=Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation kn-keyword=Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=98 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1065 end-page=1077 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1986 dt-pub=19861230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The embryogenic and developmental changes of guanidino compounds in various chick tissues kn-title=ニワトリの発生, 発育に伴うグアニジノ化合物の変動に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Guanidino compounds in various chick tissues were systematically analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, and the changes in guanidino compound levels were studied during chick embryogenesis and development. In the whole chick embryo, arginine (Arg), creatinine (CRN), guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), β-guanidinopropionic acid (GPA), homoarginine (HArg), guanidine (G) and methylguanidine (MG) were detected. Arg, CRN and GAA appeared after the sixth day of incubation, and the other compounds appeared after the eighth day of incubation. All of the compounds, except for Arg which temporarily decreased on the eighth day of incubation, increased as embryogenesis progressed. In the yolk, Arg, CRN, GAA, GPA, HArg, G and MG were detected. Most of them dramatically increased at the late stage of embryogenesis. A slight increase in Arg, CRN and G in unfertile eggs was also observed after incubation. In the albumen, Arg, CRN, GAA, G and MG were detected. Arg, CRN, GAA, G and MG increased during embryogenesis. A slight increase in Arg, CRN and G in unfertile eggs was also observed after incubation. In the chick brain, liver, kidney and heart, Arg, CRN, GAA, GPA, HArg and MG were detected. Guanidinosuccinic acid and γ-guanidinobutyric acid, which are commonly detectable in the mammalian liver and brain, were not detectable in the chick organs. All guanidino compounds in the chick organs fluctuated greatly during development. GPA decreased as the chicks developed and was not detected in the adult organs. These observations suggest that birds have a different metabolic system of guanidino compounds from that of mammals, and that this system is activated during embryogenesis and affected by various physiological factors after hatching. It was also suggested that guanidino compounds, even at very low levels, might have some important roles in animal tissues during development. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KadoyaTakashi en-aut-sei=Kadoya en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name=角谷隆司 kn-aut-sei=角谷 kn-aut-mei=隆司 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳代謝研究施設機能生化学部門 en-keyword=グアニジノ化合物 kn-keyword=グアニジノ化合物 en-keyword=鶏胚 kn-keyword=鶏胚 en-keyword=ニワトリ脳 kn-keyword=ニワトリ脳 en-keyword=肝臓 kn-keyword=肝臓 en-keyword=腎臓 kn-keyword=腎臓 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=98 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=273 end-page=283 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1986 dt-pub=19860430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on alcohol metabolism Part Ⅱ. Ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate levels in blood after ethanol administration under various body conditions in rabbits kn-title=アルコール代謝に関する研究 第二編 飲酒後の血中ethanolおよび代謝産物濃度の推移と諸種要因の影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In legal medicine, it is an established procedure to determine blood levels of ethanol in the living body or the corpse and estimate the level of drinking after establishment of the fact of drinking. In this process, effects of external factors, such as differences in the individual bodies, physical condition, various diseases, impact of food or drugs, exercise and bathing, present a problem. This paper describes a study on changes in blood levels of ethanol and its metabolites under the influence of varied factors as viewed from the practice of legal medicine. When rabbits were orally given Japanese "sake", there was a positive relationship between the dose of ethanol and its levels in the blood, whereas there was no such relationship with acetaldehyde or acetate. In the forced walk experiment in rabbits, no changes could be found in the levels of ethanol or acetate, but high levels of acetaldehyde were found in some animals. When the animals were bathed in hot water, acetaldehyde disappeared in the blood rather quickly in some rabbits, but the blood levels of acetate remained unchanged. Concurrent administration of sugar and Japanese "sake" to the experimental animals tended to acelerate metabolism both of acetaldehyde and acetate as well as ethanol. Administration of cyanamide elevated the acetaldehyde levels, and similar effect occurred with ethanol and acetaldehyde levels, in rabbit with a CCl(4)-damaged liver. In rabbits given ethanol every other day for 10 months, normal function was maintained in the liver, and high blood levels of ethanol were found in some animals. On the other hand, no significant changes occurred in acetaldehyde or acetate levels. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ShirakamiKiyotaka en-aut-sei=Shirakami en-aut-mei=Kiyotaka kn-aut-name=白神圭由 kn-aut-sei=白神 kn-aut-mei=圭由 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部法医学教室 en-keyword=ADH kn-keyword=ADH en-keyword=ALDHの組織化学 kn-keyword=ALDHの組織化学 en-keyword=アルコール代謝酵素 kn-keyword=アルコール代謝酵素 en-keyword=酵素の体内分布 kn-keyword=酵素の体内分布 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=97 cd-vols= no-issue=7-8 article-no= start-page=543 end-page=565 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1985 dt-pub=19850830 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental study of the causes of acute brain swelling, with special reference to the interrelationship between neural and metabolic control of cerebrovascular tone kn-title=急性脳腫脹の発生におよぼす神経性因子および代謝性因子の相互作用に関する実験的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=It is widely accepted that an increase in the cerebral blood volume (CBV), secondary to loss of cerebrovascular tone, is essential for the development of acute brain swelling (ABS). Studies have shown that disruptions of metabolic and neural control of cerebrovascular tone are responsible for cerebral vasomotor paralysis, and subsequently result in ABS. However, it is not clear whether metabolic or neural control of cerebrovascular tone is predominant in producing ABS. The changes in cerebrovascular tone created by destruction of the cerebral vasomotor center of the brain-stem in animals with decreased cerebrovascular tone due to loss of metabolic control were clarified and the interaction of neural and metabolic control of cerebrovascular tone was observed. Seventy immobilized, artificially ventilated cats were divided into five groups: group I: control; group II: normocapnic hypoxia; group III: normoxic hypercapnia; group IV: increased intracranial pressure (ICP) by brain compression and group V: subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The systemic arterial pressure (BP), ICP (epidural pressure) and CBV (photoelectoric method) were continuously measured. One hour after the parameters stabilized, the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DM) and the midbrain reticular formation (MB-RF) were bilaterally destroyed by a stereotaxic technique (3mA, 1min). In group I, brain-stem destruction resulted in a transient decrease in the BP (DM: -14.1±6.7mmHg, MB-RF: -10.2±4.8mmHg) and simultaneous increase in the CBV and ICP (DM: 7.6±7.0mmHg, MB-RF: 6.0±5.6mmHg) for three to four min. In groups II and IV, the ICP (group II, DM: 2.3±2.6mmHg, MB-RF: 1.6±1.2mmHg; group IV, DM: 7.5±4.0mmHg, MB-RF: 4.8±3.2mmHg) decreased after brain-stem destruction presumably due to the preceding vasodilatation caused by disruption of metabolic control. In group III, the BP decreased or increased, and changes in the CBV and ICP after brainstem destruction paralleled those of the BP. Marked hypercapnia probably yielded the maximum cerebral vasodilatation, so vasodilatory effects by brain-stem destruction were completely supressed. In group V, 12 of 15 animals showed essentially the same response patterns of the BP, CBV and ICP as group I after brain-stem destruction. The remaining three animals developed progressive intracranial hypertension up to 40, 70 and 80mmHg just as in ABS, with an increase in CBV after destruction of the brain-stem. This study suggests that in many animals, ABS is not produced by small lesions produced in the brain-stem of animals with preexisting decreased cerebrovascular tone, as in this experiment However, in pathological intracranial conditions such as severe brain-stem compression ischemia and disturbance of the cerebrospinal fluid circulation with intracranial hypertension, ABS might be provoked by destruction of the cerebral vasomotor center in the brain-stem. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HonmaYutaka en-aut-sei=Honma en-aut-mei=Yutaka kn-aut-name=本間温 kn-aut-sei=本間 kn-aut-mei=温 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科学教室 en-keyword=acute brain swelling kn-keyword=acute brain swelling en-keyword=cerebral vasomotor paralysis kn-keyword=cerebral vasomotor paralysis en-keyword=neural factor kn-keyword=neural factor en-keyword=metabolic factor kn-keyword=metabolic factor en-keyword=brain-stem lesion kn-keyword=brain-stem lesion END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=99 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1403 end-page=1410 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1987 dt-pub=19871230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Anti-tumor activity and production of cytotoxic factor by Lymphokine-activated killer cells kn-title=Lymphokine-activated killer細胞の抗腫瘍効果とそのcytotoxic factor産生能の検討 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells can be generated by incubating peripheral blood lymphocytes in recombinant Interleukin―2. LAK cells kill fresh autologous and allogeneic human tumor cells in vitro. The adoptive transfer of these LAK cells into tumor-bearing hosts can mediate the cure of disseminated cancer in a variety of animal model systems. But the mechanism of target cell killing by LAK cells is as yet undefined. We have postulated that such killing may involve some soluble cytotoxic factors produced and secreted by LAK cells. LAK cells were induced by mitogens and tumor cells to secrete cytotoxic factors against L929 cells. LAK cells produced cytotoxic factors within 2 hr after induction and maximal production was observed 6 hr after induction. There was a good correlation between in vitro LAK cell activity and production of cytotoxic factors. We have identified one of these cytotoxic factors as tumor necrosis factor (TNF). LAK cells lost their in vitro cytotoxic activity and TNF producibility after treatment with OKT-8 antibody. These findings suggest that TNF may be a mediator of in vitro LAK cell activity. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=GangiJunichi en-aut-sei=Gangi en-aut-mei=Junichi kn-aut-name=雁木淳一 kn-aut-sei=雁木 kn-aut-mei=淳一 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一外科教室 en-keyword=LAK細胞 kn-keyword=LAK細胞 en-keyword=細胞障害活性 kn-keyword=細胞障害活性 en-keyword=細胞障害因子 kn-keyword=細胞障害因子 en-keyword=腫瘍壊死因子 kn-keyword=腫瘍壊死因子 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=100 cd-vols= no-issue=7-8 article-no= start-page=783 end-page=792 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1988 dt-pub=1988 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental study of cerebral ischemia Part 2. Relationship between cerebral blood flow and somatosensory evoked potential kn-title=脳虚血に関する実験的研究 第2編 局所脳血流量と体性感覚誘発電位の関係について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Local cerebral blood flow(1-CBF) and somatosensory evoked potentials(SEP's) were measured during focal cerebral ischemia and after restoration of cerebral blood flow in 17 mongrel dogs. The animals were divided into 3 groups in order to examine changes in SEP's following cerebral ischemia of varying duration and degree. The first portion of the middle cerebral artery(M1) and the common trunk of the anterior cerebral artery (A2) were occluded using a transorbital approach with an operating microscope. In group A(n=7), both Ml and A2 were occluded for two hours. In group B(n=6), M1 was occluded for four hours and A2 was occluded for two hours beginning one hour after the M1 occlusion. In group C(n=4), M1 was occluded for two hours and A2 was occluded for one hour beginning 30 minutes after Ml occlusion. SEP's were suppressed following the decrease of 1-CBF and disappeared below 20ml/100g/min. Following restoration of flow, the SEP's of group B (where the longest and most severe degree of ischemia was produced) recovered poorly or not at all. In animals where SEP's failed to recover well, marked hyperemia and brain swelling were frequently found following restoration of flow. In group C where the duration and degree of ischemia were less, the SEP's improved better, and hyperemia and brain swelling were not found.In this study, two major factors may be considered to have influenced the recovery of SEP' s following restoration of flow. The first factor is the duration and the degree of ischemia, and the second is hyperemia and brain swelling. In animals where the degree of ischemia was severe, SEP's failed to recover well, and marked hyperemia was found in spite of graded restoration of flow. It is felt that the restoration of flow may actually be harmful if collateral circulation is poor and/or duration of ischemia is long. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyataIchirou en-aut-sei=Miyata en-aut-mei=Ichirou kn-aut-name=宮田伊知郎 kn-aut-sei=宮田 kn-aut-mei=伊知郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科学教室 en-keyword=局所脳血流量 kn-keyword=局所脳血流量 en-keyword=体性感覚誘発電位 kn-keyword=体性感覚誘発電位 en-keyword=脳虚血 kn-keyword=脳虚血 en-keyword=reactive hyperemia kn-keyword=reactive hyperemia en-keyword=brain sweling kn-keyword=brain sweling END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=103 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=337 end-page=347 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1991 dt-pub=1991 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis Part 1. Immunological and pathological examination of experimental animal model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis kn-title=過敏性肺臓炎の病態に関する研究 第1編 実験的過敏性肺臓炎における免疫学的並びに病理組織学的検討 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is well known as an allergic respiratory disease although the exact pathogenesis is still in controversy. An experimental animal model was established with Micropolyspora faeni (Mf) as the antigen, and the various immunological mechanisms were evaluated. Transtracheal challange of Mf antigen in guinea pigs sensitized with Mf antigen showed granulomatous pneumonitis compatible with hypersensitivity pneumonitis in humans including the precipitating antibody. The cellular responses in the lungs of animal model was examined with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and the increase of total cell count and lymphocyte percentage were shown to correlate with the degree of alveolitis. Lymphocytes in BAL fluid of sensitized guinea pigs were shown to repond to Mf antigen specifically. Several characteristics of hypersensitivity pneumonitis were clearly shown in this animal model. Although the actual pathogenesis in humans is still obscure. this model could be useful in the evaluation of the patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MakimotoKoh en-aut-sei=Makimoto en-aut-mei=Koh kn-aut-name=槇本晃 kn-aut-sei=槇本 kn-aut-mei=晃 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二内科学教室 en-keyword=実験的過敏性肺臓炎 kn-keyword=実験的過敏性肺臓炎 en-keyword=気管支肺胞洗浄法 kn-keyword=気管支肺胞洗浄法 en-keyword=リンパ球幼若化反応 kn-keyword=リンパ球幼若化反応 en-keyword=沈降抗体 kn-keyword=沈降抗体 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=103 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=183 end-page=197 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1991 dt-pub=1991 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental study on pathogenesis and treatment of cerebral vasospasm Part 2. Effects of PGI2 analogue, thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor and Ca blocker on experimental delayed spasm models kn-title=脳血管攣縮の発生機序と治療に関する実験的研究 第2編 実験的遅発性脳血管攣縮に対する PGI2 analogue, Thromboxane A2 合成酵素阻害剤, Ca 拮抗剤の効果 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The effects of a PGI2 analogue (OP-41483), a thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor (OKY-046) and a Ca blocker (nifedipine) on the diameter of constricted basilar arteries and on the regional cerebral blood flow (r-CBF) in the brain stem were investigated in the cat delayed spasm model. The experiment was performed three days (72 hours) after artificial subarachnoid hemorrhage. The basilar artery was exposed transclivally, and more advanced vasospasm was produced by topical application of a lysed erythrocyte solution for 5 to 6 hours which domonstrated no more vascular dilatation even by topical application of papaverine hydrochloride (0.01mg/ml). In the delayed spasm model, the intravenous administration of neither OP-41483 (8μg/kg), OKY-046 (60mg/kg) nor nifedipine (0.003mg/kg) affected the vascular diameter. OP-41483 increased r-CBF in the brain stem in 3, and nifedipine increased it in 4 out of the 5 studied delayed spasm models, whereas OKY-046 never increased r-CBF (n=5). There was no significant difference in the amount of fatty acids including arachidonic acid between normal and constricted arteries. This study suggested that thromboxane A2 is not the major factor of cerebral vasospasm and OKY-046 might not be effective on vascular diameter or r-CBF at the late spasm stage. However, the PGI2 analogue (OP-41483) and Ca blocker (nifedipine) may be effective in increasing r-CBF even at the late spasm stage. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MotokiMototsugu en-aut-sei=Motoki en-aut-mei=Mototsugu kn-aut-name=元木基嗣 kn-aut-sei=元木 kn-aut-mei=基嗣 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科教室 en-keyword=cerebral vasospasm kn-keyword=cerebral vasospasm en-keyword=thromboxane A2 kn-keyword=thromboxane A2 en-keyword=OP-41483 kn-keyword=OP-41483 en-keyword=OKY-046 kn-keyword=OKY-046 en-keyword=nifedipine kn-keyword=nifedipine END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=103 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=117 end-page=127 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1991 dt-pub=1991 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Metallothionein gene expression in rat brain following intraperitoneal endotoxin administration kn-title=エンドトキシンによるラット脳内メタロチオネイン遺伝子発現に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To clarify the acute-phase response in brain, we investigated the induction of metallothionein (MT) genes by administering an endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) in rat intraperitoneum. We performed in situ hybridization on the serial brain sections to identify the cells expressing the MT genes in the acute-phase. After endotoxin administration, transcripts of MT genes were detected in the arachnoideal, ependymal cells and the Bergmann glia of the cerebellum, while no significant induction of the MT genes by zinc ion was observed in the brain. These results suggest that the acute-phase response occurs specifically in at least these three non-neuronal cells. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ItanoYoshitaro en-aut-sei=Itano en-aut-mei=Yoshitaro kn-aut-name=板野義太郎 kn-aut-sei=板野 kn-aut-mei=義太郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部麻酔・蘇生学教室 en-keyword=メタロチオネイン kn-keyword=メタロチオネイン en-keyword=エンドトキシン kn-keyword=エンドトキシン en-keyword=脳 kn-keyword=脳 en-keyword=acute-phase kn-keyword=acute-phase en-keyword=in situ hybridization kn-keyword=in situ hybridization END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=103 cd-vols= no-issue=7-8 article-no= start-page=951 end-page=962 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1991 dt-pub=199108 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The cyclic AMP-generating system of cobalt-induced epileptic cerebral cortex kn-title=コバルト誘導てんかん性大脳皮質のサイクリック AMP 合成系に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A cobalt chloride solution was injected into the unilateral sensorimotor cortex of rats to induce epileptic activity. The cyclic AMP contents of slices incubated with or without adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine were determined in four cortical areas after electroencephalography and behavioral examination in cobalt-injected rats. Electrographic spike activity appeared immediately after injection of cobalt. In the majority of cobalt-injected rats, the spike activity was dominant in the primary epileptic region of the cortex. The spike frequency reached a maximum level two to three weeks after the injection and declined thereafter. The electrographic activity was followed by abnormal behavior. Adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine elevated the cyclic AMP levels in the cortical slices 6-to 10-fold and 10-to 16-fold, respectively. The elicitation of cyclic AMP accumulation was strongly inhibited by the adenosine antagonist 8-phenyltheophylline. The cyclic AMP accumulation elicited by adenosine or 2-chloroadenosine was increased in the primary cortical area of cobalt-induced epilepsy, but in the other cortical areas there was no deviation in cyclic AMP accumulation. The increase in cyclic AMP accumulation was observed regardless of the presence or absence of the adenosine uptake inhibitor dipyridamole, phosphodiesterase inhibitor Ro 20-1724, and adenosine deaminase. The increased accumulation of cyclic AMP in the primary epileptic cortex was detected as early as 8 days after the injection. The cyclic AMP accumulation slightly increased thereafter. It reached a plateau 17 to 19 days after the injection and then turned to the control levels, in harmony with the electrographic and behavioral profiles. These findings suggest that alterations in adenosine-sensitive generation of cyclic AMP in the primary epileptic region of the cortex are part of the neurochemical process of cobalt-induced epilepsy. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AsakiHideki en-aut-sei=Asaki en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name=浅木秀樹 kn-aut-sei=浅木 kn-aut-mei=秀樹 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一生理学教室 en-keyword=サイクリック AMP kn-keyword=サイクリック AMP en-keyword=アデノシン kn-keyword=アデノシン en-keyword=2 - クロロアデノシン kn-keyword=2 - クロロアデノシン en-keyword=コバルト誘導てんかん kn-keyword=コバルト誘導てんかん en-keyword=ラット大脳皮質 kn-keyword=ラット大脳皮質 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=104 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1033 end-page=1046 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1992 dt-pub=199212 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=In vitro effects of halothane exposure on hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 in rats kn-title=ハロタンのラット肝ミクロソーム中チトクロームP-450に及ぼす影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Hepatic microsomes were collected from male rats in which hepatic microsomes enzymes were induced by phenobarbital (PB) and untreatend rats. Microsomes were deoxygenated by vacuum-freezing and exposed to 2% or 10% halothane and then incubated in a 37℃ bath for 5 or 20 minutes. Microsomal enzyme contents and enzyme activities were measured. The contents of cytochrome P-450 were decreased in PB-induced microsomes (PB-microsomes) and the decrease wes greater with 10% halothane or 20-minute incubation than with 2% halothane or 5-minute incubation. The contents of cytochrome P-450 in non-PB-microsomes were also decreased by 10% halothane. Heme contents were decreased in PB-microsomes by 10% halothane, and in non-PB-microsomes by 20-minute incubation with 2% halothane. The activities of aminopyrine demothylation were decreased both in PB and non-PB-microsomes and the decrease was greater with 10% halothane. The activities of aniline hydroxylation were decreased in PB and non-PB-microsomes, and after 20-minute incubation. The contents of cytochrome b(5), the tetrabutylic acid reacting substances and the activities of cytochrome P-450 reductase were not changed. The decreases of microsomal cytochrome P-450 and microsomal enzyme activities by halothane exposure in deoxygenated states might be related to hepaitc injury following halothane anesthesia. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IdoYukio en-aut-sei=Ido en-aut-mei=Yukio kn-aut-name=井戸幸男 kn-aut-sei=井戸 kn-aut-mei=幸男 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部麻酔・蘇生学教室 en-keyword=ハロタン肝障害 kn-keyword=ハロタン肝障害 en-keyword=酵素誘導 kn-keyword=酵素誘導 en-keyword=チトクロームP-450 kn-keyword=チトクロームP-450 en-keyword=還元的代謝 kn-keyword=還元的代謝 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=104 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=129 end-page=136 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1992 dt-pub=1992 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on pulmonary granuloma formation by Propionibacterium acnes in sarcoidosis Part 2. Interleukin-2 production and responsiveness to Interleukin-2 of alveolar lymphocytes stimulated in experimental pulmonary granulomatosis produced by Propionibacterium acnes kn-title=サルコイドーシスの肺肉芽腫形成に対する Propionibacterium acens の関与に関する研究 第2編 Propionibacterium acens による実験的肺肉芽腫症における肺胞リンパ球の Interleukin-2 産生及び Interleukin-2 受容体発現のついて en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The role of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) isolated from a high percentage of patients with sarcoidosis by Dr. Honnma, as a cause of sarcoidosis was examined. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and the responsiveness to IL-2 of alveolar lymphocytes stimulated by P. acnes were examined in vitro in a guinea pig model. The animals were divided into 4 groups, normal guinea pigs (group 1), guinea pigs intracutaneously presensitized with P. acnes and intratracheally challenged by saline (group 2), guinea pigs presensitized as above and intratracheally challenged with P. acnes (group 3), and guinea pigs presensitized as above and intratracheally challenged by P. acnes-pyridine extract residue (P. acnes-PER)(group 4). The production of IL-2 by alveolar lymphocytes stimulated by P. acnes-PER for 48 hours was determined using the method described by Gillis et al. The responsiveness of alveoloar lymphocytes to IL-2 was evaluated by 3H-TdR uptake in the presence and absence of P. acnes-PER. The amount of IL-2 produced by alveolar lymphocytes was 0.6±1.1, 0.7±1.1, 21.2±27.9 and 329.4±294.1 u/ml (M±SD), respectively, in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4. The value of IL-2 production in groups 3 and 4, the intratracheally challenged groups, was significantly higher htna that in groups 1 and 2, the control groups (p<0.02, p<0.01). By contrast, the IL-2 production of peripheral lymphocytes in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 0, 7.4±10.3, 8.6±15.7 and 9.3±8.9 u/ml, respectively. The amount of IL-2 produced was about one-tenth thar of alveolar lymphocytes. In the intratracheally challenged groups, the responsiveness to IL-2 of alveolar lymphocytes in the presence and absence of P. acnes-PER was 12,514±12,766 and 6,611±7,066 for group 3, and 12,362±9,414 and 5,818±5,494 dpm, respectively, for group 4. The responsiveness to IL-2 of alveolar lymphoctyes in group 4 was signifincantly increased by stimulation with P. acnes-PER (p<0.05), but that in groups 1 and 2, control groups, was not different. Our findings indicate that P. acnes-PER stimulated IL-2 production from alveolar lymphocytes and induced a functionally active state of alveolar lymphocytes to IL-2 in this guinea pig model. In conclusion, the role of alveolar lymphocytes in an animal model stimulated by P. acnes appears to be consistent with that obtained on the sarcoidosis patients we previously reported. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MoriYoshihiro en-aut-sei=Mori en-aut-mei=Yoshihiro kn-aut-name=森由弘 kn-aut-sei=森 kn-aut-mei=由弘 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二内科学教室 en-keyword=experimental pulmonary granulomatosis kn-keyword=experimental pulmonary granulomatosis en-keyword=guinea pig kn-keyword=guinea pig en-keyword=Propionibacterium acens kn-keyword=Propionibacterium acens en-keyword=Interleukin-2 kn-keyword=Interleukin-2 en-keyword=Interleukin-2 receptor kn-keyword=Interleukin-2 receptor END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=103 cd-vols= no-issue=7-8 article-no= start-page=813 end-page=821 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1991 dt-pub=199108 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on pathogenesis in iron deficiency anemia Part 2. Anemia induced by administration of puromycin aminonucleoside kn-title=鉄欠乏性貧血の発症要因に関する研究 第2編 鉄漏出性貧血の動物モデル作製の試みとその評価 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Iron deficiency anemia results from various factors, such as blood loss, malabsorption, and increased demand for iron due to pregnancy or growth. However, iron hyper-excretion has not been reported except in the cases of bleeding. Previously, we found increased iron excretion in the urine in patients with iron-losing anemia, such as idiopathic hypochromic anemia. To examine the relationship between iron excretion and anemia, puromycin aminonucleoside (PA) was administered in rats to induce anemia. In such rats, considerable amounts of iron were continuously excreted in the urine and the animals became anemic. However, the anemia in this model was normocytic and normochromic, and the liver iron content was reversely increased. In conclusion, PA administration in rats induces not only iron deficiency as hyper-excretion but also abnormalities of iron metabolism as indicated by the other pathological findings, such as inflammatory change and renal failure. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NakanishiNorihiko en-aut-sei=Nakanishi en-aut-mei=Norihiko kn-aut-name=中西徳彦 kn-aut-sei=中西 kn-aut-mei=徳彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二内科学教室 en-keyword=iron deficiency anemia kn-keyword=iron deficiency anemia en-keyword=iron-losing anemia kn-keyword=iron-losing anemia en-keyword=puromycin aminonucleoside kn-keyword=puromycin aminonucleoside END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=103 cd-vols= no-issue=7-8 article-no= start-page=803 end-page=811 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1991 dt-pub=199108 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the pathogenesis in iron deficiency anemia Part 1. Urinary iron excretion in iron deficiency anemia patients and rats in various iron states kn-title=鉄欠乏性貧血の発症要因に関する研究 第1編 尿中鉄排泄の臨床的並びに実験的検討 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In the "iron excretion test" , urinary iron excretion after injection of saccharated iron oxide has been reported to be accelerated in relapsing idiopathic iron deficiency anemia. To determine the relevance of urinary iron excretion to clinical factors other than iron metabolism, 15 clinical parameters were evaluated. The serum creatinine level was positively and the serum albumin level was negatively correlated with urinary iron excretion, showing coefficients of r=0.97,-0.86 respectively, and suggesting a relationship between urinary iron excretion and subclinical abnormalities of kidney function. In experimental studies, the relation of urinary iron excretion to the renal function was examined by administration of iron in various forms to rats. Only saccharated iron oxide was excreted; chondroitin sulfate Fe, Tf-Fe and ferric chloride were not excreted in the urine. Then, iron excretion was examined in iron deficient, iron overloaded and puromycin aminonucleoside (PA)-treated animals. Iron deficient rats did not show any change in urinary iron excretion compared to the controls. Urinary iron excretion was increased in iron overloaded rats, and was further increased in the PA-treated group. These findings suggest that the subclinical abnormality in kidney function leads to the increased urinary iron excretion as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of relapsisg iron deficiency. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NakanishiNorihiko en-aut-sei=Nakanishi en-aut-mei=Norihiko kn-aut-name=中西徳彦 kn-aut-sei=中西 kn-aut-mei=徳彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二内科学教室 en-keyword=iron deficiency anemia kn-keyword=iron deficiency anemia en-keyword=urinary iron excretion kn-keyword=urinary iron excretion END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=106 cd-vols= no-issue=5-6 article-no= start-page=573 end-page=585 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1994 dt-pub=1994 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Ferritin in human erythroid cells : With references to transferrin receptor and stainable iron at maturation kn-title=ヒト赤血球系細胞の細胞内フェリチンに関する研究―成熟段階におけるトランスフェリン受容体及び可染性鉄との関係について― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To measure the intracellular ferritin (Ft) content in human erythroid cells, a new method was developed using human bone marrow amears. With this method, Ft, transferrin receptors (TfR) and stainable iron granules (SIG) were semiquantified at the single cell level and the cell's maturation level was identified. The relationship between Ft and other parameters was investigatted. Ft-H subunit concentrations were found to decrease with maturation from basophilic to orthochromatic erythroblasts (r=-0.62,p<0.05) and further decreased after denucleation. There was significant positive correlation between the Ft-H subunit concentra-tion and TfR density (r=0.52,p<0.01), but the relation between the Ft-L subunit and TfR or the density of SIG was obscure. These data indicate that : 1) The Ft-H subunit might play a more important role than the Ft-L subunit during iron metabolism and differentiation of erythroid cells. 2) Some factors other than intracellular iron levl, such as maturation, seem to play important roles in the Ft expression in erythroid cells. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HanafusaSumihiro en-aut-sei=Hanafusa en-aut-mei=Sumihiro kn-aut-name=花房純弘 kn-aut-sei=花房 kn-aut-mei=純弘 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二内科学教室 en-keyword=ferritin kn-keyword=ferritin en-keyword=erythroid cell kn-keyword=erythroid cell en-keyword=transferrin receptor kn-keyword=transferrin receptor en-keyword=non-hemin iron kn-keyword=non-hemin iron END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=106 cd-vols= no-issue=5-6 article-no= start-page=527 end-page=537 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1994 dt-pub=1994 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the cause of intractable asthma using animal model Part 2. Immunoglobulin G, chemical mediators and cell reactions in BALF and peripheral blood of chronic asthma model kn-title=慢性喘息モデルによる喘息の難治化要因に関する研究 第2編 肺局所や血液中における出現細胞及び液性反応に関する検討 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To clarify the mechanism of intractable asthma, we examined the cellular content and chemical mediators in BALF and peripheral blood of a chronic asthma model which we had already established by inhalation of ascaris suum antigen. The serum levels of antigen specific IgG antibody on the eighth day were signicantly higher than those before inhalation. The serum levels of antigen specific IgG(1) antibody increased on the eighth day compared with levels before inhalation. The serum levels of antigen specific IgG(2) antibody as a blocking antibody increased and immediat asthmatic response (IAR) gradually improved until the fourth day. The number of eosinophils after eight days of inhalation was decrease in peripheral blood but was significantly increased in BAL and lung tissue. The serum levels of LTC(4) after eight days of inhalation decreased significanlty compared to those after one day of inhalation. LTB4 concentration in BAL after eight days of inhalation were significanlty lower than those after one day of inhalation. Histamine concentrations were increased in BAL in both the IAR and dual asthmatic response (DAR) animal model. These data suggest that intractable asthma was induced by many kinds of chemical mediators produced by inflammatory cells including eosinophils, mast cell-basophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SuganoHisashi en-aut-sei=Sugano en-aut-mei=Hisashi kn-aut-name=菅野尚 kn-aut-sei=菅野 kn-aut-mei=尚 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二内科学教室 en-keyword=chronic asthma kn-keyword=chronic asthma en-keyword=guinea pig kn-keyword=guinea pig en-keyword=IgG subclass antibodies kn-keyword=IgG subclass antibodies en-keyword=leukotrienes kn-keyword=leukotrienes en-keyword=histamine kn-keyword=histamine END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=106 cd-vols= no-issue=5-6 article-no= start-page=483 end-page=492 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1994 dt-pub=1994 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Expression of transferrin receptor mRNA in humana erythroblasts : A method for separating erythroblasts and measuring transferrin receptor m RMA kn-title=ヒト赤芽球のtransferrin receptor mRNA の発現に関する研究―ヒト赤芽球の分離法並びにtransferrin receptor mRNAの定量法の検討を含めて― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A method for separating erythroblasts and measuring transferrin receptor (TfR) mRNA was developed to investigate the mechanism of TfR expression. Using this method, the relationship between TfR mRNA and the average number of stainable iron granules was examined. Erythroblasts were separated using immunomagnetic beads and mouse antiglyco-phorin A monoclonal antibody with a purity of 89.5±4.5% and a yield of 19.9±6.7%. Northern blot analysis was performed with these separated cells and the following results were obtained. A patient with iron deficiency anemia presented a higher TfR mRNA level and a lower average number of stainable iron granules than healthy volunteers. However, another patient with iron deficiency anemia and two patients with myelodyspastic syndrome demonstrated almost the same TfR mRNA levels as healthy volunteers . TfR mRNA appeared to be regulated by cellular iron, but other factors such as hemoglobim may participate in this regulation. This newly developed method will be helpful in investigating the regulation of TfR mRNA and in clarifying the mechanism of iron metabolism in hematological disorders. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ItamiShigeto en-aut-sei=Itami en-aut-mei=Shigeto kn-aut-name=伊丹滋人 kn-aut-sei=伊丹 kn-aut-mei=滋人 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二内科学教室 en-keyword=transferrin receptor mRNA kn-keyword=transferrin receptor mRNA en-keyword=Northern blot analysis kn-keyword=Northern blot analysis en-keyword=erytroblasts kn-keyword=erytroblasts en-keyword=cell separation kn-keyword=cell separation en-keyword=immunomagnetic beads kn-keyword=immunomagnetic beads END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=105 cd-vols= no-issue=5-6 article-no= start-page=447 end-page=454 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1993 dt-pub=1993 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Free radicals, superoxide dismutase activity and lipid peroxides in gingiva of ODU plaque-susceptible rats kn-title=歯肉炎自然発症ラットの歯肉炎発症におけるフリーラジカルの関与に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Free radicals, superoxide dismutase activity and lipid peroxides in the gingiva of Dental University (ODU) plaque-susceptible (Sus) rats were estimated at the ages of 1,2,3,4,5,7 and 8 months, and were compared with those of control Wistar-kyoto rats. Low levels of hydroxyl radicals were noted in the anterior and posterior gingiva of ODU Sus rats at 2 and 5 month, but significantly increased in the anterior gingiva at 4 and 7 months and in the anterior and posterior gingiva at 7 and 8 months, compared to those of control rats. Levels of carbon centered radicals were significantly higher in the anterior gingiva at 2 months and in both the anterior and posterior gingiva at 3 months. Superoxide dismutase activities were accelerated significantly at 2,4 and 5 months, and then were reduced at 8 months in the anterior gingiva. Otherwise, they were at low levels in the posterior gingiva at 1 and 2 months, were accelerated at 3 and 4 months, and reduced again at 7 and 8 months. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances decreased transitorily at 7 months in both the anterior and posterior. These experimental results suggest that free radicals may be related to the pathogenesis and development of gingivitis in plaque susceptible ODU Sus rats. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatohKazuyoshi en-aut-sei=Satoh en-aut-mei=Kazuyoshi kn-aut-name=佐藤和良 kn-aut-sei=佐藤 kn-aut-mei=和良 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属分子細胞医学研究施設神経情報学部門 en-keyword=歯肉炎自然発症ラット kn-keyword=歯肉炎自然発症ラット en-keyword=フリーラジカル kn-keyword=フリーラジカル en-keyword=活性酸素 kn-keyword=活性酸素 en-keyword=過酸化脂質 kn-keyword=過酸化脂質 en-keyword=スーパーオキシドジムスターゼ活性 kn-keyword=スーパーオキシドジムスターゼ活性 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=105 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=957 end-page=964 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1993 dt-pub=19931231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on respiratory disorders induced by drug allergy Part 2. Experimental studies of drug allergy in guinea pigs kn-title=薬剤誘起性アレルギー性呼吸器疾患の発症病態に関する研究 第2編 動物モデルによる肺好酸球症の検討 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To clarify the pathogenesis of respiratory disease induced by drug allergy, an animal model of eosinophilic lung disease induced by drug was developed. Administration of an aerosol of piperacillin (PIPC) to guinea pigs immunized with emulsion of PIPC and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) produced diffuse interstitial lung disease with alveolar wall thickening and alveolitis characterized by marked increase in eosinophils and mononuclear cells. A significant increase of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was shown in PIPC+CFA-sensitized animals compared with that in non-sensitized, PIPC-sensitized and CFA-sensitized animals. Using lymphocytes from BAL fluid, drug lymphocyte stimulation test (DLST) revealed a higher stimulation index (S. I.) than that using lymphocytes from peripheral blood tn 5 of seven animals. These findings suggest that eosinophils and lymphocytes (especially lymphocytes sensitized by antigen) play important roles in drug-induced respiratory disease. Furthermore, it is considered that lung lymphocytes were more active than lymphocytes in peripheral blood in the experiment, and local lymphocytes in BAL contributed to the pathogenesis of the respiratory disease induced by drug allergy. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MifuneTakashi en-aut-sei=Mifune en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name=御舩尚志 kn-aut-sei=御舩 kn-aut-mei=尚志 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二内科学教室 en-keyword=薬剤性呼吸器疾患 kn-keyword=薬剤性呼吸器疾患 en-keyword=肺好酸球症 kn-keyword=肺好酸球症 en-keyword=動物モデル kn-keyword=動物モデル en-keyword=BAL kn-keyword=BAL en-keyword=DLST kn-keyword=DLST END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=106 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=305 end-page=314 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1994 dt-pub=1994 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the treatment of intractable asthman Part 1. Effect of Saiboku-to on cell-mediated allergy in the experimental asthma using guinea pigs kn-title=難治性喘息の治療に関する研究 第1編 モルモット喘息モデルにおける細胞反応型アルルギーに対する柴朴湯の効果 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Saiboku-to seems to be a useful drug in the teatment of intractable asthmatics. The pharmacological effect of Saiboku-to was examined in an experimental model of bronchial asthma with cell-mediated allergy in guinea pigs. The fundings revealed that Saiboku-to inhibited the late asthmatic response. It suppressed the lymphocyte blastogensis by ascaris antigen and eosinophil infiltration into BALF and peribronchial tissue. Moreover, Saiboku-to lowered the levls of LTB4 and LTC4 in the cardiac blood, but not the antigen-specific IgG subclass. These findings suggest that the inhibitory effect of Saiboku-to on the late asthmatic response is caused by the suppression of cell-mediated allergy. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkamotoShoichi en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Shoichi kn-aut-name=岡本章一 kn-aut-sei=岡本 kn-aut-mei=章一 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二内科学教室 en-keyword=Saiboku-to kn-keyword=Saiboku-to en-keyword=cell-mediated allergy kn-keyword=cell-mediated allergy en-keyword=actively sensitized model kn-keyword=actively sensitized model en-keyword=lymphocyte kn-keyword=lymphocyte en-keyword=leukotrienes kn-keyword=leukotrienes END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=105 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=185 end-page=193 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1993 dt-pub=19930227 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the mechanism of late asthmatic response using a technique of bronchoalveolar lavage Part 1. Bronchial reaction after inhalation of house dust mite allergen in bronchial asthmatics kn-title=気管支喘息における遅発型気道反応の機序に関する研究 第1編 House dust 抗原による遅発型気道反応局所の細胞反応及びロイコトリエンの変動 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To investigate the mechanism of the late asthmatic response (LAR) which participates in intractable asthmatic attacks, humoral and cellular components at the sites of LAR were examined by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained after bronchial inhalation of house dust allergen. BAL examination was performed 2 hours after improvement of LAR, and leukotrienes (LTs) measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The level of LTC4 was significantly higher in BALF after LAR(p<0.05), and that of LTB4 was also high at LAR. The increase in the percentage of neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils were evident in BALF after LAR compared with the level in non-attack state and after IAR. However, little LTD4 was detected in the BALF after LAR. On the other hand, the percentage of neutrophils and the LTB4 level in peripheral blood showed a peak at 3 hours after bronchial inhalation of house dust allergen, and then decreased markedly during LAR. These findings suggest that neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils may release leukotriene-dominant chemical mediators which provoke an asthmatic attack in the late phase response. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NambaKunihiro en-aut-sei=Namba en-aut-mei=Kunihiro kn-aut-name=難波一弘 kn-aut-sei=難波 kn-aut-mei=一弘 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二内科学教室 en-keyword=House dust antigen kn-keyword=House dust antigen en-keyword=bronchoalveolar lavage kn-keyword=bronchoalveolar lavage en-keyword=inflammatory cell kn-keyword=inflammatory cell en-keyword=late asthmatic response kn-keyword=late asthmatic response en-keyword=leukotrienes kn-keyword=leukotrienes END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=105 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=13 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1993 dt-pub=19930227 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the pathogenesis of PIE syndrome Part 1. Evaluation of cellular responses in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with PIE syndrome kn-title=PIE症候群の病態に関する研究 第1編 PIE症候群の肺局所細胞反応の検討 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of patients with PIE syndrome characterized by pulmonary eosinophilia was examined to determined the cellular response in the lungs. Evaluation of cellular components in the BAL fluid revealed an increased proportion not only of eosinophils but also of lymphocytes and neutrophils. In about half of the patients with PIE syndrome the level of eosinophilia was higher in the peripheral blood than in the BAL fluid. Patients with PIE syndrome were classified into prolonged PIE and PIE with asthma based on Crofton's classification. The percentage of neutorphils and eosinophils in BAL fluid were higher in patients with prolonged PIE than in PIE with asthma while the percentage of lymphocytes was higher in a group of PIE with asthma. On the other hand, the lymphocyte precentage in BAL fluid was higher in patients with PIE syndrome due to fungus antigen than in those with PIE syndrome due to drug allergy. These findings suggest that various cellular components play important roles in the pathogenesis of PIE syndrome and that the accumulation of the effector cells in the lungs is regulated by an allergic mechamism. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatoKyo en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Kyo kn-aut-name=佐藤恭 kn-aut-sei=佐藤 kn-aut-mei=恭 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二内科学教室 en-keyword=bronchoalveolar lavage kn-keyword=bronchoalveolar lavage en-keyword=PIE syndrome kn-keyword=PIE syndrome en-keyword=eosinophil kn-keyword=eosinophil en-keyword=lymphocyte kn-keyword=lymphocyte en-keyword=neutrophil kn-keyword=neutrophil END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=106 cd-vols= no-issue=9-10 article-no= start-page=1073 end-page=1084 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1994 dt-pub=199410 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effect of zinc on halothane-induced liver injury in rats kn-title=ラットにおけるハロタン肝障害に及ぼす亜鉛の影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In a rat model, halothane causes liver injury by reductive interaction with microsomal cytochrome P-450 (P-450) and /or by a hepatotoxic effect mediated by halothane-derived free radicals. Rats that were pretreated with phenobarbital (0.1% in drinking water for 6 days) and fasted for the last day, then exposed to halothane (1.0%) under reduced oxygen tension (14%) for 2 horus developed hepatic centrilobular necrosis with marked elevation in serum GPT (GPT) 24 h after exposure. Pretreatment with a 5 mg/kg dose of zinc (Zn) 24 h prior to the exposure had no effect on GPT and liver necrosis. However, 10mg/kg and 20 mg/kg of Zn significantly decreased GPT and liver necrosis. Zn-pretreatment (5-20 mg/kg) significantly depleted hepatic microsomal P-450 before exposure in a dose dependent manner. Hepatic metallothionein (MT)-1 and MT-2 induced by Zn in a dose dependent manner and the levels did not significanlty differ prior to and after exposure to halothane under hypoxic conditions in all Zn-pretreated groups of rats. These results indicated that Zn-pretreatment has some protective effect against halothane-induced liver injury and suggested that this protective effect of Zn involves the depletion of P-450 which results in reduced interacton between P-450 and halothane in the microsomes and is not the result of MTs acting as free radical scavengers. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HidakaHidekuni en-aut-sei=Hidaka en-aut-mei=Hidekuni kn-aut-name=日高秀邦 kn-aut-sei=日高 kn-aut-mei=秀邦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部麻酔・蘇生学教室 en-keyword=ハロタン kn-keyword=ハロタン en-keyword=肝障害 kn-keyword=肝障害 en-keyword=亜鉛 kn-keyword=亜鉛 en-keyword=チトクローム P-450 kn-keyword=チトクローム P-450 en-keyword=メタロチオネイン kn-keyword=メタロチオネイン END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=105 cd-vols= no-issue=7-8 article-no= start-page=705 end-page=714 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1993 dt-pub=199308 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilatory action of adenosine : Examination in open-chest dogs kn-title=Adenosine の内皮依存性冠血管拡張作用―麻酔開胸犬を用いた検討― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To evaluate the endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilatory effect of adenosine, especially the role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO), the dose-response relationship of exogenous adenosine was examined in open-chest dogs before and after intracoronary administration of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (NNLA), a potent inhibitor of NO synthesis. NNLA attenuated the vasodilatory effect of acetylcholine to less than 25% of the control, which indicates NO synthesis inhibition. NNLA caused a rightward shift of the adenosine dose-response curve with a significant increase of EC(50), whereas there was no significant change in the slope of the regression line calculated by log-logit transformation. These findings suggest that the coronary vasodilatory effect of adenosine is partially induced through an increase of NO release, and this action may play a role in the regulation of coronary vascular tone. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ObayashiNaotsugu en-aut-sei=Obayashi en-aut-mei=Naotsugu kn-aut-name=大林直嗣 kn-aut-sei=大林 kn-aut-mei=直嗣 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部循環器内科学教室 en-keyword=adenosine kn-keyword=adenosine en-keyword=EDNO kn-keyword=EDNO en-keyword=coronary endothelium kn-keyword=coronary endothelium en-keyword=coronary vasodilation kn-keyword=coronary vasodilation en-keyword=open chest dog kn-keyword=open chest dog END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=106 cd-vols= no-issue=9-10 article-no= start-page=1025 end-page=1033 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1994 dt-pub=199410 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=A new asthma classification based on its pathophysiology using IgE antibody (RAST) and lymphocyte activation as parameters kn-title=気管支喘息における病態に基づく新しい病型分類に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To establish a new classification in bronchial asthma, antigen-induced immediate asthmatic response (IAR) and late asthmatic response (LAR) to mite and Candida were compared with antigen specific IgE antibody (IgE RAST) and lymphocyte blastogenesis (Ly-BL) in asthmatics. Half of asthmatics with a high score on mite IgE RAST could not be provoked to IAR, although almost all of patients with house dust-induced IAR showed a high score on mite IgE RAST. However, asthmatics with enhanced Ly-BL following exposure to mite and Candida showed highly provoked LAR by antigen inhalation, and LAR patients showed significantly enhanced Ly-BL by both antigens (p<0.01). Bronchial asthmatics were classified into the following 4 groups using those parameters ; A group (IgE RAST+, Ly-BL-), B group (IgE RAST+, Ly-BL+), C group (IgE RAST-, Ly-BL+), D group (IgE RAST-,Ly-BL-). Half of the patients with IAR belonged to the A and B groups, and almost all of the LAR patients were in the B or C group. Patients in the A group predominantly showed early onset, however patients in the B and C groups showed late onset. A and B group patients were mild or moderate asthmatics, but severe asthmatics belonged to the C and D groups. These data suggest that the C group showed only Ly-BL led LAR by "cell-mediated allergy" in late onset severe asthma. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KimuraKazuhi en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Kazuhi kn-aut-name=木村和陽 kn-aut-sei=木村 kn-aut-mei=和陽 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二内科学教室 en-keyword=asthma classification kn-keyword=asthma classification en-keyword=lymphocyte blastogenesis kn-keyword=lymphocyte blastogenesis en-keyword=Candida kn-keyword=Candida en-keyword=house dust・mite kn-keyword=house dust・mite en-keyword=IgE RAST kn-keyword=IgE RAST END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=107 cd-vols= no-issue=9-10 article-no= start-page=205 end-page=217 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=19951031 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Possible protective effects of zine on halothane-induced liver injury in rats kn-title=ラットハロタン肝障害モデルに対する亜鉛の肝障害発生予防作用の可能性 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In a rat model, halothane causes liver injury by interaction with microsomal cytohrome P450 (P450) under a hypoxic condition. Rats that were pretreated with phenobarbital and exposed to halothane under reduced oxygen tension for 2 hours developed hepatic centrilobular necrosis with marked elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 24h after exposure. The elevation of ALT was significantly suppressed in the rats pretreated with a 10mg/kg dose of zinc (Zn) 24h prior to the exposure in comparison with the rats pretreated with saline (control rats). The region of necrosis was also significantly reduced in Zn-pretreated rats. The P450 content of the hepatic microsomes was slightly decreased before the exposure in Zn-pretreated rats in comparison with that in the control rats. It was noteworthy that the aminopyrine demethylation (AD) activity of hepatic microsomal after the exposure in Zn-pretreated rats. These findings indicate that Zn-pratreatment has some protective effect against halothane-induced liver injury and suggest that this protective effect of Zn involcves not only the decrease of P450 before exposure but also the preservation of AD activity during exposure, which result in reduced interaction between P450 and halothane in the microsomes. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KoyamaYusuke en-aut-sei=Koyama en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name=小山祐介 kn-aut-sei=小山 kn-aut-mei=祐介 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部麻酔・蘇生学教室 en-keyword=ハロタン kn-keyword=ハロタン en-keyword=肝障害 kn-keyword=肝障害 en-keyword=亜鉛 kn-keyword=亜鉛 en-keyword=チトクロームP450 kn-keyword=チトクロームP450 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=108 cd-vols= no-issue=7-8 article-no= start-page=241 end-page=252 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1996 dt-pub=19960831 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Hemodynamic and hormonal changes under the biventricular bypass system with ventricular fibrillated hearts kn-title=心室細動下両心バイパス型人工心臓における循環及び内分泌動態の検討 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Hemodynamic and hormonal changes were studied in 13 sheep whose entire circulation was maintained by a biventricular bypass system with a pair of pusher-plate type blood pumps. Ventricular fibrillation was induced and pneumatically driven pumps placed outside the body kept the animals alive for 2-48 days (average: 11 days). Pump output and aortic pressure stayed within physiological ranges, but central venous pressure was elevated from 5 to 10-13 ㎜Hg after surgery. Serum levels of antidiuretic hormone, cortisol and insulin were stabilized soon after surgery. Adrenaline level and renin activity did not change significantly. For unknown reasons, the noradrenaline level showed a temporary increase after a week. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) increased significantly 5 days after surgery. There were significant drops in triiodothyronine (T(3)) and thyroxine (T(4)) levels after surgery with gradual recovery afterward to 40% and 50% of the control levels, respectively. These results suggested that the biventricular bypass system maintained hemodynamic conditions similar to those maintained by the natural heart, although ANP, T(3) and T(4) values were changed. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NakayamaHironobu en-aut-sei=Nakayama en-aut-mei=Hironobu kn-aut-name=中山裕宣 kn-aut-sei=中山 kn-aut-mei=裕宣 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二外科学教室 en-keyword=左右非同期 variable rate mode kn-keyword=左右非同期 variable rate mode en-keyword=両心バイパス型人工心臓 kn-keyword=両心バイパス型人工心臓 en-keyword=甲状腺ホルモン kn-keyword=甲状腺ホルモン en-keyword=心房性ナトリウム利尿ペプタイド kn-keyword=心房性ナトリウム利尿ペプタイド END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=114 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=39 end-page=51 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2002 dt-pub=20020530 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=A mechanism of development of arterial thrombosis : β2-glycoprotein I-specific ligand and autoantibody kn-title=抗リン脂質抗体症候群における動脈血栓の発症機序:β2-グリコプロテインIに特異的なリガンドと自己抗体の関与 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=β2-Glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) is a major antigen for anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) appeared in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). We recently reported that β2-GPI specifically binds to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and that on of the β2-GPI's major ligands derived from oxLDL, oxLig-1, is 9-(7-ketocholest-5-en-3β-yloxy)-9-oxononanoic acid (J. Lipid Res. 42, 697, 2001). In the present study, it was demonstrated that carboxylated variants of cholesteryl linoleate have a critical role for β2-GPI binding.In vitro experiments indicate that oxLDL was uptaken by macrophages via an interaction among the ligand such as oxLig-1, β2-GPI, and anti-β2-GPI autoantibodies. The uptake was not occurred by cholesterol or its ester without a free carboxyl residue, i.e., cholesteryl lenoleate, by cholesterol, or by 7-ketocholesterol alone, even in the presence of β2-GPI and anti-β2-GPI antibodies. Thus, carboxyl variants of cholesteryl ester specific for β2-GPI may mediate anti-β2-GPI Ab-dependent uptake of oxLDL by macrophages and autoimmune atherogenesis developed in APS. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=LiuQingping en-aut-sei=Liu en-aut-mei=Qingping kn-aut-name=劉慶平 kn-aut-sei=劉 kn-aut-mei=慶平 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学院医歯学総合研究科細胞化学分野 en-keyword=antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) kn-keyword=antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) en-keyword=atherosclerosis kn-keyword=atherosclerosis en-keyword=autoantibody kn-keyword=autoantibody en-keyword=β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) kn-keyword=β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) en-keyword=oxidized LDL (oxLDL) kn-keyword=oxidized LDL (oxLDL) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=114 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=289 end-page=296 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2003 dt-pub=20030131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effect of phospholipase A(2) on proliferation of the primary cultured biliary epithelial cells from the extra-hepatic bile duct to rats using D-valine containing medium kn-title=D-バリン培地法により選択的に初代培養したラット胆管上皮細胞に対する Phospholipase A(2) の細胞増殖促進効果の解析 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We hypothesized that a high level of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) in bile juice works as a growth factor of biliary epithelial cells and causes hyperplastic change of the bile duct in pancreaticobiliary maljunction. in order to examine this hypothesis, we established a primary culture system of biliary epithelial cells from the extra-hepatic bile duct of rats. We successfully excluded fibroblasts from the epithelial cells using D-valine-containing medium and the single-cell cloning method. The established cells exhibited the characteristic features of rat bile duct epithelial cells. They were stained with anti-cytokeratin antibody, a marker protein of epithelial cells, were positive with PAS stain, and possessed the architectures of microvilli, tonofilament fibers and desmosomes. The effect of PLA(2) on proliferation of these cells was then examined. We clearly demonstrated that PLA(2) at nano-molar concentration (50nM, 100nM), that is, equivalent to the level of PLA(2) in the bile juice of pancreaticobiliary maljunction cases, caused a significant enhancement of epithelial cell proliferation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OguraKaoru en-aut-sei=Ogura en-aut-mei=Kaoru kn-aut-name=小倉薫 kn-aut-sei=小倉 kn-aut-mei=薫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name=渡辺泰宏 kn-aut-sei=渡辺 kn-aut-mei=泰宏 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiramineChiharu en-aut-sei=Hiramine en-aut-mei=Chiharu kn-aut-name=平峯千春 kn-aut-sei=平峯 kn-aut-mei=千春 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakagawaToshitaka en-aut-sei=Nakagawa en-aut-mei=Toshitaka kn-aut-name=中川利孝 kn-aut-sei=中川 kn-aut-mei=利孝 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TokiAkira en-aut-sei=Toki en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name=土岐彰 kn-aut-sei=土岐 kn-aut-mei=彰 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TokudaMasaaki en-aut-sei=Tokuda en-aut-mei=Masaaki kn-aut-name=徳田雅明 kn-aut-sei=徳田 kn-aut-mei=雅明 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=香川医科大学小児外科学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=香川医科大学小児外科学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=香川医科大学基礎看護学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=香川医科大学附属実験実習機器センター affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=香川医科大学小児外科学 affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=香川医科大学生理学 en-keyword=膵・胆管合流異常 kn-keyword=膵・胆管合流異常 en-keyword=胆管上皮細胞 kn-keyword=胆管上皮細胞 en-keyword=D-バリン kn-keyword=D-バリン en-keyword=Phospholipase A(2) kn-keyword=Phospholipase A(2) en-keyword=細胞増殖 kn-keyword=細胞増殖 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=116 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=17 end-page=27 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=20040531 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Parkinson's disease from a viewpoint of regenerative medicine kn-title=再生医学から見たパーキンソン病 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=It has long been considered that central nervous system would not regenerate after injury, but this concept has recently been changing due to the development of neuroscience research. Cell grafting, gene transfer and neurotrophic factor administration into the brain and spinal cord are the examples of methods to perform protection and repair. These techniques are expected to be applied to certain neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia and spinal cord injury. Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal system. Fetal neurons, chromaffin cells, cell lines, certain genes, neural stem cells, ES cells and bone marrow cells have been investigated as donor cells and vectors to treat Parkinson's disease. This review will summarize the history of neural transplantation in Parkinson's disease and features and prospects of each donor will be discussed. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=DateIsao en-aut-sei=Date en-aut-mei=Isao kn-aut-name=伊達勲 kn-aut-sei=伊達 kn-aut-mei=勲 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯学総合研究科 神経病態外科学 en-keyword=Parkinson's disease kn-keyword=Parkinson's disease en-keyword=neural transplantation kn-keyword=neural transplantation en-keyword=regeneration kn-keyword=regeneration END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=92 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=103 end-page=110 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2003 dt-pub=200302 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Aggressive Behavior in Mice kn-title=マウスの攻撃行動に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=家畜の管理にあたって、攻撃行動の解析は重要な課題である。家畜のモデル動物であるマウスでは、攻撃性を発現させる要因の1つに遺伝的要因が挙げられるが、十分な解析がなされていない。そこで、本研究は、マウスの攻撃性について選抜育種を行い、攻撃性の遺伝率を推定するとともに、選抜世代に伴う近交係数と生産能力の推移について検討し、つぎに攻撃性に及ぼす飼育密度の影響について検討した。さらに攻撃性に関与するとみられる脳内神経伝達物質の動態について検討した。攻撃性の選抜結果、遺伝的に攻撃性の異なる2つの系統(高・低攻撃性系統:H系・L系)の作出に成功した。また、攻撃性の遺伝率、実現遺伝率の値はともに低い値となり、攻撃性は環境の影響を強く受けることが示唆された。H系・L系での選抜に伴う近交係数は1世代当り約2%増加し、選抜34世代では、各々68.2、67.1%の値を示した。両系統ともに選抜を伴い、繁殖能力のわずかな低下が認められたが、これは近交係数の上昇に起因したものと考察した。攻撃行動に及ぼす飼育密度の影響についてみると、H系では個別飼育が最も高い攻撃行動を示し、これに対してL系では個別飼育でもほとんど攻撃性は認められなかった。このことから、H系とL系では闘争抑制機構に遺伝的差異が生じてきたことが示唆された。脳内神経伝達物質について検討した結果、攻撃試験を行わない場合にはH系ではL系に比べてセロトニンの代謝回転は有意に低い値を示した。このことは、H系ではセロトニン代謝が抑制され、一方L系では亢進しており、攻撃行動にはセロトニンの重要な関与が示唆された。また、H系とL系では、ドーパミン量にも明らかな差異がみられた。さらに、ドーパミンD2受容体のシナプス前にある自己受容体に対する特異的なアゴニスト(BHT920)を用いた実験の結果から、H系はL系に比較してドーパミン生合成と放出率が高く、H系とL系ではシナプス前にある自己受容体を介した自己抑制性の機構に差異があることが示唆された。攻撃性の異なるH系とL系ではドーパミンD1受容体量にも差がみられ、両系統でのドーパミン放出量と関係していることが示唆された。 kn-abstract=It is important to elucidate aggressive behavior for effective domestic animal management. Aggressiveness in mice, our model domestic animal, is partly caused by genetic factors. It has not, however, been studied in detail. The present study was designed to produce high and low aggression, inbreeding coefficient changes, and reproductive performance by selection. In addition, we investigated the effects of different population sizes on aggression, and also intracerebral dynamic neurotransmitters. Genetically different, high(H) and low(L) aggression mice were produces by selection. Our estimated values of heritability and realized heritability of aggression indicated that aggresiveness is influenced mainly by the environment. Inbreeding coefficients in H and L mice showed an increase of about 2% per generation, and 68.2 and 67.1% in the 34th generation of selection. Reproductive performance decreased slightly during selection, induced by the increase in inbreading coefficients. Isolated H mice induced the highest aggressiveness, without inducing aggressive behavior in isolated L mice. This result indicates that there is a genetic difference in the aggression control system between H and L mice. The serotonin turnover rate is reduced further in H mice than in L mice before the aggression test, suggesting that the serotonergic system is related to aggressive behavior. There were significant differences in dopamine levels between H and L mice. Results obtained from autoreceptor agonists indicate that H mice exhibit a high dopamine biosynthesis and release rate, while H and L mice differ in their aggression auto-control system through autoreceptors in the presynapse. H and L mice exhibit different aggressive behavior changes due to concentrations of dopamine D1 receptors. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawamotoYasuo en-aut-sei=Kawamoto en-aut-mei=Yasuo kn-aut-name=河本泰生 kn-aut-sei=河本 kn-aut-mei=泰生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoKatsunori en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Katsunori kn-aut-name=佐藤勝紀 kn-aut-sei=佐藤 kn-aut-mei=勝紀 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=mice kn-keyword=mice en-keyword=aggressive behavior kn-keyword=aggressive behavior en-keyword=selection kn-keyword=selection en-keyword=genetic parameter kn-keyword=genetic parameter en-keyword=neurotransmitter kn-keyword=neurotransmitter END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=93 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=45 end-page=49 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=200402 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Induction of Atherosclerosis in Aorta and Coronary Artery of Chicken by Orally Administered Cholesterol kn-title=コレステロール負荷によって発症したニワトリ胸部大動脈と冠状動脈における動脈硬化症 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia have been important in human health as factors that induce atherosclerotic lesions in brain and heart blood vessel. Various experimental studies have been done to prevent and treat atherosclerotic lesions in animals. In the present study, we assessed the suitability of chickens as experimental animal for atherosclerosis. Newly hatched chicks were fed on 1.0%-or 0.1%-cholesterol(CHO) containing feed. After 3 and 6 months, total cholesterol levels in the sera and histological changes in the aorta and coronary artery of chicks fed on 1.0%-CHO-containing feed for 3 and 6 months, intimal thickening and marked accumulation of foam cells were observed. Endothelial cells had disappeared in the aorta of these chicks. A slight accumulation of foam cells was observed in the aortic intima of chicks fed on 0.1%-CHO-containing feed. In the coronary artery, a remarkable thickening of intima with accumulation of foam cells and a marked stenosis of coronary space were observed in chicks fed on 1.0%-CHO-containing feed. The results of present study indicate that the chicken can be a useful experimental animal in the study of hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KondoYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name=近藤康博 kn-aut-sei=近藤 kn-aut-mei=康博 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HonjoSachika en-aut-sei=Honjo en-aut-mei=Sachika kn-aut-name=本條幸香 kn-aut-sei=本條 kn-aut-mei=幸香 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukiKazumasa en-aut-sei=Ohtsuki en-aut-mei=Kazumasa kn-aut-name=大月寿栄 kn-aut-sei=大月 kn-aut-mei=寿栄 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=AbeAsaki en-aut-sei=Abe en-aut-mei=Asaki kn-aut-name=阿部浅樹 kn-aut-sei=阿部 kn-aut-mei=浅樹 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=experimental atherosclerosis kn-keyword=experimental atherosclerosis en-keyword=cholrsterol kn-keyword=cholrsterol en-keyword=chicks kn-keyword=chicks END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2005 dt-pub=20050325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=肝細胞増殖因子の遺伝子治療は心筋虚血の動物モデルにおいて心室性不整脈を抑制する kn-title=Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene Therapy Reduces Ventricular Arrhythmia in Animal Models of Myocardial Ischemia en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=It was recently reported that gene therapy using hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has the potential to preserve cardiac function after myocardial ischemia. We speculated that this HGF gene therapy could also prevent ventricular arrhythmia. To investigate this possibility, we examined the antiarrhythmic effect of HGF gene therapy in rat acute and old myocardial infarction models. Myocardial ischemia was induced by ligation of the left descending coronary artery. Hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-coated liposome containing HGF genes were injected directly into the myocardium fourteen days before programmed pacing. Ventricular fibrillation (VF)was induced by programmed pacing. The VF duration was reduced and the VF threshold increased after HGF gene therapy ( p< 0.01). Histological analyses revealed that the number of vessels in the ischemic border zone was greatly increased after HGF gene injection. These findings revealed that HGF gene therapy has an anti-arrhythmic effect after myocardial ischemia. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YumotoAkihisa en-aut-sei=Yumoto en-aut-mei=Akihisa kn-aut-name=湯本晃久 kn-aut-sei=湯本 kn-aut-mei=晃久 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=ventricular arrhythmia kn-keyword=ventricular arrhythmia en-keyword=HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) kn-keyword=HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) en-keyword=ischemia kn-keyword=ischemia en-keyword=HVJ (hemagglutinating kn-keyword=HVJ (hemagglutinating END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=61 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=39 end-page=44 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1983 dt-pub=1983 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=ラッテの血清の成分およびアミノ酸粗成に対するグルココルチコイドの効果 kn-title=Effects of Glucocorticoid on Components of Blood Serum and Amino Acids Composition of the Serum en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=For induction of fat deposit in meat, hypothyroidism is the most important factor. This study was carried out to confirm the effect of glucocorticoid on thyroidal function, using rats. Triamcinolone acetonid, a synthetic compound was used as glucocorticoid. Rats of an experimental group were injected singly subcutaneously with 0.9 mg of the compound and another group of rats served as control. The animals were sacrificed by decapitating at 2 hours and 4 hours following the injection. At the time of decapitating, blood was obtained from the animal respectively. A half portion of the blood serum was used for determination of such blood components as total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), globulin (Gl), blood ureal nitrogen (BUN), glucose(Glu), cholesterol (Chol), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P). Another half portion of the serum was subjected to amino acid analysis, using a automatic amino acid analyzer. By injection of the glucocorticoid, concentrations of TP, Alb, and Gl decreased, and concentration of amino acids increased. This is due to gluconeogenesis induced by glucocorticoid. Serum phosphorus was elevated, and ratio of Ca/P decreased and P/Mg increased. These are indicative of lowered thyroidal function. Accordingly, glucocorticoid seemed to have a favourable effect on fattening cattle. Results of amino acid assay were summarized in Table 2. Most of amino acids increased by the injection of the compound, except glutamic acid and taurine. This is due to protein catabolism and gluconeogenesis. Concentration of serum glucose consistently increased. Increase of glycine concentration in serum is indicative of hyperthyroidism. This is, however, due to neoglucogenesis by cortisol. Low concentration of Mg is indicative of hyperthyroidism. Further study for the effect of glucocorticoid would be required, since glucocorticoid is considered to accelerate production of lean meat. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WadaHiroshi en-aut-sei=Wada en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name=和田宏 kn-aut-sei=和田 kn-aut-mei=宏 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=DjagraIda Bagus en-aut-sei=Djagra en-aut-mei=Ida Bagus kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=FKHP, Udayana University END