start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=10 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=e00824-24 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250527 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Sodium butyrate inhibits the expression of virulence factors in Vibrio cholerae by targeting ToxT protein en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Cholera, a diarrheal disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae, remains a global health threat in developing countries due to its high transmissibility and increased antibiotic resistance. There is a pressing need for alternative strategies, with an emphasis on anti-virulent approaches to alter the outcome of bacterial infections, given the increase in antimicrobial-resistant strains. V. cholerae causes cholera by secreting virulence factors in the intestinal epithelial cells. These virulence factors facilitate bacterial colonization and cholera toxin production during infection. Here, we demonstrate that sodium butyrate (SB), a small molecule, had no effect on bacterial viability but was effective in suppressing the virulence attributes of V. cholerae. The production of cholera toxin (CT) was significantly reduced in a standard V. cholerae El Tor strain and two clinical isolates when grown in the presence of SB. Analysis of mRNA and protein levels further revealed that SB reduced the expression of the ToxT-dependent virulence genes like tcpA and ctxAB. DNA-protein interaction assays, conducted at cellular (ChIP) and in vitro conditions (EMSA), indicated that SB weakens the binding between ToxT and its downstream promoter DNA, likely by blocking DNA binding. Furthermore, the anti-virulence efficacy of SB was confirmed in animal models. These findings suggest that SB could be developed as an anti-virulence agent against V. cholerae, serving as a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics or as an adjunctive therapy to combat cholera. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KunduSushmita en-aut-sei=Kundu en-aut-mei=Sushmita kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=DasSuman en-aut-sei=Das en-aut-mei=Suman kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaitraPriyanka en-aut-sei=Maitra en-aut-mei=Priyanka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HalderProlay en-aut-sei=Halder en-aut-mei=Prolay kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KoleyHemanta en-aut-sei=Koley en-aut-mei=Hemanta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish K. en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=Asish K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=DuttaShanta en-aut-sei=Dutta en-aut-mei=Shanta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChatterjeeNabendu Sekhar en-aut-sei=Chatterjee en-aut-mei=Nabendu Sekhar kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=BhattacharyaSushmita en-aut-sei=Bhattacharya en-aut-mei=Sushmita kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (Formerly ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases) kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (Formerly ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases) kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (Formerly ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases) kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (Formerly ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases) kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (Formerly ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases) kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (Formerly ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases) kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (Formerly ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases) kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (Formerly ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases) kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (Formerly ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases) kn-affil= en-keyword=sodium butyrate (SB) kn-keyword=sodium butyrate (SB) en-keyword=inhibitor kn-keyword=inhibitor en-keyword=pathogenesis kn-keyword=pathogenesis en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae en-keyword=ctxAB kn-keyword=ctxAB en-keyword=antimicrobial resistance kn-keyword=antimicrobial resistance en-keyword=toxin-coregulated pilus (TcpA) kn-keyword=toxin-coregulated pilus (TcpA) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=18 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=9 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2026 dt-pub=20260105 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Sodium butyrate augments the antibacterial activity of tetracycline against clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Vibrio cholerae en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background Antibiotic resistance poses a major challenge in treating Vibrio cholerae infections. One promising method to counter resistance is the co-administration of antibiotics with non-antibiotic adjuvants to enhance their efficacy. This study investigated the combined action of sodium butyrate (SB) and tetracycline on tetracycline-resistant V. cholerae strains.
Results The combined activity of SB and antibiotics was assessed on eight V. cholerae clinical isolates using the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI), with SB-Tetracycline showing strong synergy (FICI: 0.09?0.5). Functional and mechanistic studies, including time-kill kinetics, live/dead staining, SEM-based morphological analysis, and fluorometric assays, demonstrated a synergistic antibacterial effect of SB and Tetracycline. This effect was associated with increased membrane permeability, disruption of membrane integrity, dissipation of the proton motive force, and suppression of efflux activity. These changes collectively led to membrane damage, enhanced intracellular accumulation of Tetracycline, decreased intracellular ATP levels, and ultimately, bacterial cell death. Moreover, GM1-CT ELISA and fluorescence microscopy revealed the synergistic anti-virulence activity of the SB- Tetracycline combination. Finally, the combination of SB and Tetracycline showed enhanced efficacy in animal models compared with monotherapy.
Conclusion: The observed SB-Tetracycline synergy provides a promising therapeutic approach to overcome tetracycline resistance in V. cholerae, offering a potential adjunct strategy for the management of antibiotic-resistant cholera infections. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KunduSushmita en-aut-sei=Kundu en-aut-mei=Sushmita kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=AluSourin en-aut-sei=Alu en-aut-mei=Sourin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SinghAbhishek en-aut-sei=Singh en-aut-mei=Abhishek kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=GopeAnimesh en-aut-sei=Gope en-aut-mei=Animesh kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NandyRanjan Kumar en-aut-sei=Nandy en-aut-mei=Ranjan Kumar kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish K. en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=Asish K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChatterjeeNabendu Sekhar en-aut-sei=Chatterjee en-aut-mei=Nabendu Sekhar kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=BhattacharyaSushmita en-aut-sei=Bhattacharya en-aut-mei=Sushmita kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Division of General Medicine, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections kn-affil= en-keyword=V. cholerae kn-keyword=V. cholerae en-keyword=Sodium butyrate kn-keyword=Sodium butyrate en-keyword=Tetracycline kn-keyword=Tetracycline en-keyword=Synergy kn-keyword=Synergy en-keyword=Antibiotic adjuvant kn-keyword=Antibiotic adjuvant END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20251231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Efficient resuscitation of early-stage viable but non-culturable cells of Vibrio cholerae using treatment with proteolytic enzymes en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, is ubiquitous in environmental brackish waters. Exposure to low water temperatures induces the bacterium to enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. In this study, a stepwise decrease in water temperature to 4°C was found to delay the transition to the non-culturable state compared to an abrupt temperature drop, suggesting that V. cholerae cells partially adapt to low temperatures. V. cholerae VBNC cells maintained at 4°C gradually lost their ability to revert to a culturable state. However, VBNC cells in the early stage of dormancy were efficiently resuscitated following treatment with proteolytic enzymes, including proteinase K. The abundance of culturable V. cholerae cells in brackish estuarine waters was quantified using the most probable number (MPN)?quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. Although culturable cells were undetectable in samples treated with bovine serum albumin, they were estimated at 93 and 1,500 MPN/mL in two water samples collected on different days and pre-incubated with proteinase K. Similarly, the abundance of Vibrio species increased markedly following treatment with this enzyme. Additionally, cells of Vibrio species were enumerated by the plating method using CHROMagar Vibrio plates. Consistent with the results of the MPN?qPCR method, treatment with proteinase K resulted in over a 100-fold increase in colony formation. Collectively, these findings suggest that treatment with proteinase K is effective for resuscitating and quantifying V. cholerae VBNC cells in environmental water samples. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OgasawaraMona en-aut-sei=Ogasawara en-aut-mei=Mona kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NiwakiShiho en-aut-sei=Niwaki en-aut-mei=Shiho kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SugiharaRena en-aut-sei=Sugihara en-aut-mei=Rena kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MuzemboBasilua Andre en-aut-sei=Muzembo en-aut-mei=Basilua Andre kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ImamuraDaisuke en-aut-sei=Imamura en-aut-mei=Daisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Research Institute of Nursing Care for People and Community, University of Hyogo kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Research Center for Intestinal Health Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae en-keyword=viable but non-culturable kn-keyword=viable but non-culturable en-keyword=VBNC kn-keyword=VBNC en-keyword=protease kn-keyword=protease en-keyword=proteolytic enzyme kn-keyword=proteolytic enzyme END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=e00740-25 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20251210 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Genomic portrayal of emerging carbapenem-resistant El Tor variant Vibrio cholerae O1 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The escalating prevalence of carbapenem-resistant (CR) enteric pathogens elicits significant challenges to public health management and effective antimicrobial therapy. While carbapenem resistance is rare in Vibrio cholerae O1 (VC), the recent emergence of CR strains reveals a concerning shift in their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) landscape. This study aims to characterize the resistance mechanisms in newly identified El Tor CRVC isolated from cholera patients in Gujarat, India during 2019. Fifty VC isolates were screened for major virulence-associated genes along with the determination of their antibiotic resistance profiles using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and MIC assays. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was employed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of CR. All the isolates exhibited hypervirulent Haitian alleles of major virulence genes and AMR profiles of typical multidrug resistance (MDR). Strikingly, 12% (6/50) of them were resistant to carbapenems and other antibiotics. Molecular analysis revealed that these CR isolates were clonally related and harbored a 142 kbp IncA/C type conjugative mega-plasmid with several AMR encoding genes, including blaNDM-1, that can be easily transferred to other bacterial species and confer donor AMR patterns. The plasmid’s competence for horizontal gene transfer presents a significant risk of dissemination to other enteric pathogens and thereby may complicate the treatment. This finding emphasizes the urgent need for enhanced genomic surveillance and robust antimicrobial stewardship programs aimed at curbing the spread of CRVC strains and mitigating their impact on cholera treatment and containment strategies. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ShawSreeja en-aut-sei=Shaw en-aut-mei=Sreeja kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=PragasamAgila Kumari en-aut-sei=Pragasam en-aut-mei=Agila Kumari kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChowdhuryGoutam en-aut-sei=Chowdhury en-aut-mei=Goutam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SamantaProsenjit en-aut-sei=Samanta en-aut-mei=Prosenjit kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=RoyDeboleena en-aut-sei=Roy en-aut-mei=Deboleena kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=GhoshDebjani en-aut-sei=Ghosh en-aut-mei=Debjani kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=RamamurthyThandavarayan en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy en-aut-mei=Thandavarayan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KariaJigna en-aut-sei=Karia en-aut-mei=Jigna kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=NinamaGovind en-aut-sei=Ninama en-aut-mei=Govind kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkedaYukihiro en-aut-sei=Akeda en-aut-mei=Yukihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=KoleyHemanta en-aut-sei=Koley en-aut-mei=Hemanta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish Kumar en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=Asish Kumar kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=V. Ramalingaswami Bhawan, Indian Council of Medical Research kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Medical College Baroda kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Medical College Baroda kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=National Institute of Infectious Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections kn-affil= en-keyword=antimicrobial resistance kn-keyword=antimicrobial resistance en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae en-keyword=blaNDM-1 kn-keyword=blaNDM-1 en-keyword=carbapenem resistance kn-keyword=carbapenem resistance en-keyword=horizontal gene transfer kn-keyword=horizontal gene transfer en-keyword=IncA/C plasmid kn-keyword=IncA/C plasmid END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=5 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=ycaf192 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=202501 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Proliferation of a bloom-forming phytoplankton via uptake of polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria under phosphate-limiting conditions en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Harmful algal blooms negatively impact the ecosystem and fisheries in affected areas. Eutrophication is a major factor contributing to bloom occurrence, and phosphorus is particularly important in limiting the growth of bloom-forming algae. Although algae efficiently utilize orthophosphate (Pi) as a phosphorous source over other molecular forms, Pi is often limited in the marine environment. While uptake and utilization of soluble inorganic and organic phosphorous by bloom-forming algae has been extensively studied, the details of geochemical and biological phosphorous cycling remain to be elucidated. Here, we report for the first time that the bloom-forming alga Heterosigma akashiwo can phagocytose bacteria and grow under phosphate-depleted conditions. The addition of Vibrio comitans to Pi-depleted H. akashiwo enabled the alga propagate to high cell densities, whereas other bacterial strains had only a minor effect. Importantly, V. comitans accumulates polyphosphate?a linear polymer of Pi?at high levels. The extent of algal proliferation induced by the addition of Vibrio species and polyphosphate-accumulating Escherichia coli correlated strongly with their polyphosphate content, indicating that bacterial polyphosphate served as an alternative PO43? source for H. akashiwo. The direct uptake of polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria through algal phagocytosis may represent a novel biological phosphorous-cycling pathway in marine ecosystems. The role of polyphosphate-accumulating marine bacteria as a hidden phosphorous source required for bloom formation warrants further investigation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FukuyamaSeiya en-aut-sei=Fukuyama en-aut-mei=Seiya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=UsamiFumiko en-aut-sei=Usami en-aut-mei=Fumiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirotaRyuichi en-aut-sei=Hirota en-aut-mei=Ryuichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatohAyano en-aut-sei=Satoh en-aut-mei=Ayano kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OharaShizuka en-aut-sei=Ohara en-aut-mei=Shizuka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoKen en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Ken kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=GomibuchiYuki en-aut-sei=Gomibuchi en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasunagaTakuo en-aut-sei=Yasunaga en-aut-mei=Takuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=OndukaToshimitsu en-aut-sei=Onduka en-aut-mei=Toshimitsu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurodaAkio en-aut-sei=Kuroda en-aut-mei=Akio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=KoikeKazuhiko en-aut-sei=Koike en-aut-mei=Kazuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=UekiShoko en-aut-sei=Ueki en-aut-mei=Shoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries , Osaka Prefecture kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Physics and Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Physics and Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Hatsukaichi Branch, Fisheries Technology Institute , Fisheries Research and Education Agency kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=222 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=115374 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230401 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Environmental water in Kolkata is suitable for the survival of Vibrio cholerae O1 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Many patients with cholera emerge in Kolkata, India throughout the year. Such emergency indicates that cholera toxin-producing Vibrio cholerae O1 (toxigenic V. cholerae O1) are widespread in Kolkata. This suggests that the suitable conditions for replication of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 is provided in Kolkata. In previous studies, we found that the replication rate of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 is low in the low ionic aqueous solution. Then we measured the ion concentration in the environmental water of Kolkata. As a control, we measured them in Japanese environmental water. The ion concentration in the environmental water of Kolkata was significantly high. Then, we examined the survival of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 in groundwater from Kolkata and found that V. cholerae O1 survive for long time in the solution but not in the solution diluted with Milli Q water. In addition, we found that V. cholerae O1 proliferated in environmental water of Kolkata to which a small amount of nutrient was added, but did not grow in the environmental water diluted with water to which the same amount of nutrient was added. These results indicate that the environmental water from Kolkata is suitable for survival of V. cholerae O1. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakahashiEizo en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Eizo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitaharaKei en-aut-sei=Kitahara en-aut-mei=Kei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChowdhuryGoutam en-aut-sei=Chowdhury en-aut-mei=Goutam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish K. en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=Asish K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=DuttaShanta en-aut-sei=Dutta en-aut-mei=Shanta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OchiSadayuki en-aut-sei=Ochi en-aut-mei=Sadayuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Keinosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Environmental water kn-keyword=Environmental water en-keyword=Ion kn-keyword=Ion en-keyword=Prevalence kn-keyword=Prevalence en-keyword=Survival kn-keyword=Survival en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=149 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=13 end-page=16 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2018 dt-pub=201809 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Functional analysis of N-terminal propeptide in the precursor of Vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease by using cell-free translational system en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Vibrio vulnificus is a human pathogen causing fatal septicemia with edematous and hemorrhagic skin damage. Among multiple virulence factors, an extracellular metalloprotease termed as V. vulnificus protease (VVP) is known to play a crucial role in eliciting the skin damage. The mature VVP (413 aa) is composed of two domains, the N-terminal core domain with proteolytic activity and the C-terminal domain mediates efficient attachment to protein substrates. However, VVP is produced as an inactive precursor (609 aa) with a signal peptide (24 aa) and propeptide (172 aa). In order to clarify the function of propeptide, a series of DNA fragments encoding the VVP precursor and its various domains were designed and the proteins were expressed in vitro by using cell-free translational system. The results indicated that the propeptide might function as an intramolecular chaperon to promote the proper folding of both N-terminal and C-terminal domains. The obtained results also suggest that the propeptide, itself was unstable and thus digested easily by the enzymes present in cell lysate used for cell-free system. Additionally, the C-terminal domain in VVP found to inhibit the folding of the N-terminal domain in absence of propeptide. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawaseTomoka en-aut-sei=Kawase en-aut-mei=Tomoka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraFumi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Fumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=DebnathAnusuya en-aut-sei=Debnath en-aut-mei=Anusuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ImakuraKinuyo en-aut-sei=Imakura en-aut-mei=Kinuyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus kn-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus en-keyword=Protease kn-keyword=Protease en-keyword=Propeptide kn-keyword=Propeptide en-keyword=Domain kn-keyword=Domain en-keyword=Cell-free translational system kn-keyword=Cell-free translational system END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=45 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=1596 end-page=1601 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20221101 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Investigation of the Expression of Serine Protease in Vibrio vulnificus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative estuarine bacterium that causes infection in immuno-compromised patients, eels, and shrimp. V. vulnificus NCIMB2137, a metalloprotease-negative strain isolated from a diseased eel, produces a 45-kDa chymotrypsin-like alkaline serine protease known as VvsA. The gene encoding vvsA also includes another gene, vvsB with an unknown function; however, it is assumed to be an essential molecular chaperone for the maturation of VvsA. In the present study, we used an in vitro cell-free translation system to examine the maturation pathway of VvsA. We individually expressed the vvsA and vvsB genes and detected their mRNAs. However, the sample produced from vvsA did not exhibit protease activity. A sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) analysis detected the VvsB protein, but not the VvsA protein. A Western blotting analysis using a histidine (His)-tag at the amino terminus of proteins also showed no protein production by vvsA. These results suggested the translation, but not the transcription of vvsA. Factors derived from Escherichia coli were used in the in vitro cell-free translation system employed in the present study. The operon of the serine protease gene containing vvsA and vvsB was expressed in E. coli. Although serine proteases were produced, they were cleaved at different sites and no active mature forms were detected. These results indicate that the operon encoding vvsA and vvsB is a gene constructed to be specifically expressed in V. vulnificus. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawaseTomoka en-aut-sei=Kawase en-aut-mei=Tomoka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=DebnathAnusuya en-aut-sei=Debnath en-aut-mei=Anusuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizunoTamaki en-aut-sei=Mizuno en-aut-mei=Tamaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyakeYui en-aut-sei=Miyake en-aut-mei=Yui kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus serine protease kn-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus serine protease en-keyword=intermolecular chaperone kn-keyword=intermolecular chaperone en-keyword=cell-free translation system kn-keyword=cell-free translation system END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=371 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=fnae053 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=2024 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Regulatory role of VvsB protein on serine protease activity of VvsA in Vibrio vulnificus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background:Vibrio vulnificus NCIMB2137, a Gram-negative, metalloprotease negative estuarine strain was isolated from a diseased eel. A 45 kDa chymotrypsin-like alkaline serine protease known as VvsA has been recently reported as one of the major virulence factor responsible for the pathogenesis of this strain. The vvsA gene along with a downstream gene vvsB, whose function is still unknown constitute an operon designated as vvsAB. Objective: This study examines the contribution of VvsB to the functionality of VvsA. Method: In this study, VvsB was individually expressed using Rapid Translation System (RTS system), followed by an analysis of its role in regulating the serine protease activity of VvsA. Result: The proteolytic activity of VvsA increased upon the addition of purified VvsB to the culture supernatant of V. vulnificus. However, the attempts of protein expression using an E. coli system revealed a noteworthy observation that protein expression from the vvsA gene exhibited higher protease activity compared to that from the vvsAB gene within the cytoplasmic fraction. These findings suggest an intricate interplay between VvsB and VvsA, where VvsB potentially interacts with VvsA inside the bacterium and suppress the proteolytic activity. While outside the bacterial milieu, VvsB appears to stimulate the activation of inactive VvsA. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Vibrio vulnificus regulates VvsA activity through the action of VvsB, both intracellularly and extracellularly, to ensure its survival. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawaseTomoka en-aut-sei=Kawase en-aut-mei=Tomoka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=DebnathAnusuya en-aut-sei=Debnath en-aut-mei=Anusuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Keinosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Biotechnology, Brainware University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=RTS system kn-keyword=RTS system en-keyword=in vitro cell-free translation system, PU kn-keyword=in vitro cell-free translation system, PU en-keyword=Proteinase unit, VvsA kn-keyword=Proteinase unit, VvsA en-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus serine protease, SD kn-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus serine protease, SD en-keyword=Shine-Dalgarno sequence kn-keyword=Shine-Dalgarno sequence END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=877 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240427 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Isolation of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus from Estuarine Waters, and Genotyping of V. vulnificus Isolates Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Bacteria in the genus Vibrio are ubiquitous in estuarine and coastal waters. Some species (including Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus) are known human pathogens causing ailments like cholera, diarrhea, or septicemia. Notably, V. vulnificus can also cause a severe systemic infection (known as vibriosis) in eels raised in aquaculture facilities. Water samples were periodically collected from the estuary of the Asahi River, located in the southern part of Okayama City, Japan. These samples were directly plated onto CHROMagar Vibrio plates, and colonies displaying turquoise-blue coloration were selected. Thereafter, polymerase chain reaction was used to identify V. cholerae and V. vulnificus. A total of 30 V. cholerae strains and 194 V. vulnificus strains were isolated during the warm season when the water temperature (WT) was higher than 20 degrees C. Concurrently, an increase in coliforms was observed during this period. Notably, V. vulnificus has two genotypes, designated as genotype 1 and genotype 2. Genotype 1 is pathogenic to humans, while genotype 2 is pathogenic to both humans and eels. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification method was developed to rapidly determine genotypes at a low cost. Of the 194 strains isolated, 80 (41.2%) were identified as genotype 1 strains. Among the 41 strains isolated when the WTs were higher than 28 degrees C, 25 strains (61.0%) belonged to genotype 1. In contrast, of the 32 strains isolated when the WTs were lower than 24 degrees C, 27 strains (84.4%) belonged to genotype 2. These results suggest that the distribution of the two genotypes was influenced by WT. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-Ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-Ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurataMegumi en-aut-sei=Kurata en-aut-mei=Megumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiroseRiho en-aut-sei=Hirose en-aut-mei=Riho kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshikawaMasaya en-aut-sei=Yoshikawa en-aut-mei=Masaya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=LiangYong en-aut-sei=Liang en-aut-mei=Yong kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamagishiYosuke en-aut-sei=Yamagishi en-aut-mei=Yosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizunoTamaki en-aut-sei=Mizuno en-aut-mei=Tamaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae en-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus kn-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus en-keyword=genotype kn-keyword=genotype en-keyword=LAMP kn-keyword=LAMP en-keyword=water temperature kn-keyword=water temperature END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=141 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=106955 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=202404 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Vibriosis in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Objectives: South Asia remains home to foodborne diseases caused by the Vibrio species. We aimed to compile and update information on the epidemiology of vibriosis in South Asia.
Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for studies related to vibriosis in South Asia published up to May 2023. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled isolation rate of non-cholera-causing Vibrio species.
Results: In total, 38 studies were included. Seven of these were case reports and 22 were included in the meta-analysis. The reported vibriosis cases were caused by non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. fluvialis, and V. vulnificus. The overall pooled isolation rate was 4.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0-5.0%) in patients with diarrhea. Heterogeneity was high (I-2 = 98.0%). The isolation rate of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. fluvialis were 9.0 (95% CI 7.0-10.0%), 1.0 (95% CI 1.0-2.0%), and 2.0 (95% CI: 1.0-3.0%), respectively. Regarding V. parahaemolyticus, O3:K6 was the most frequently isolated serotype. Cases peaked during summer. Several studies reported antibiotic-resistant strains and those harboring extended-spectrum beta-lactamases genes.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates a high burden of infections caused by non-cholera-causing Vibrio species in South Asia. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MuzemboBasilua Andre en-aut-sei=Muzembo en-aut-mei=Basilua Andre kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitaharaKei en-aut-sei=Kitahara en-aut-mei=Kei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhnoAyumu en-aut-sei=Ohno en-aut-mei=Ayumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KhatiwadaJanuka en-aut-sei=Khatiwada en-aut-mei=Januka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=DuttaShanta en-aut-sei=Dutta en-aut-mei=Shanta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-Ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-Ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Social Work Institute kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Vibrio parahaemolyticus kn-keyword=Vibrio parahaemolyticus en-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus kn-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus en-keyword=Vibrio mimicus kn-keyword=Vibrio mimicus en-keyword=Vibrio fluvialis kn-keyword=Vibrio fluvialis en-keyword=Seafood kn-keyword=Seafood en-keyword=Gastroenteritis kn-keyword=Gastroenteritis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20231214 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Complete genomic sequence of Vibrio fluvialis strain IDH5335 isolated from a patient with diarrhea in Kolkata, India en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We isolated a Vibrio fluvialis strain (IDH5335) from a stool sample collected from a patient with diarrhea. In this announcement, we report the complete genomic sequence of this organism, which was obtained by combining Illumina and Oxford Nanopore sequencing data. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ChowdhuryGoutam en-aut-sei=Chowdhury en-aut-mei=Goutam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitaharaKei en-aut-sei=Kitahara en-aut-mei=Kei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaniguchiMakoto en-aut-sei=Taniguchi en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=UesakaKazuma en-aut-sei=Uesaka en-aut-mei=Kazuma kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MuzemboBasilua Andre en-aut-sei=Muzembo en-aut-mei=Basilua Andre kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MitraDebmalya en-aut-sei=Mitra en-aut-mei=Debmalya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhnoAyumu en-aut-sei=Ohno en-aut-mei=Ayumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=RamamurthyThandavarayan en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy en-aut-mei=Thandavarayan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=DuttaShanta en-aut-sei=Dutta en-aut-mei=Shanta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish Kumar en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=Asish Kumar kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India at ICMR-NICED kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India at ICMR-NICED kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Oral Microbiome Center, Taniguchi Dental Clinic kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India at ICMR-NICED kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India at ICMR-NICED kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= en-keyword=Vibrio fluvialis kn-keyword=Vibrio fluvialis en-keyword=diarrhea kn-keyword=diarrhea en-keyword=bacteria kn-keyword=bacteria en-keyword=genome kn-keyword=genome END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=38 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=241 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20221022 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Second extracellular protease mediating maturation of Vibrio mimicus?hemolysin en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Vibrio mimicus is a bacterium that causes gastroenteritis in humans. This pathogen produces an enterotoxic hemolysin called V. mimicus hemolysin (VMH), which is secreted extracellularly as an inactive 80-kDa protoxin and converted to a 66-kDa mature toxin through cleavage between Arg(151) and Ser(152). The 56-kDa serine protease termed V. mimicus trypsin-like protease (VmtA) is known to mediate this maturating process. However, some strains including strain ES-20 does not possess the vmtA gene. In the present study, the vmtA-negative strains were found to have a replaced gene that encodes a 43-kDa (403 aa) precursor of a serine protease designated by VmtX (V. mimicus trypsin-like protease X). To examine whether VmtX is also involved in the maturation of VMH, VmtX was isolated from the culture supernatant of V. mimicus strain NRE-20, a metalloprotease-negative mutant constructed from strain ES-20. Concretely, the culture supernatant was fractionated with 70% saturated ammonium sulfate and subjected to affinity column chromatography using a HiTrap Benzamidine FF column. The analysis of the N-terminal amino acid sequences of the proteins in the obtained VmtX preparation indicated that the 39-kDa protein was active VmtX consisting of 371 aa (Ile(33)-Ser(403)). The VmtX preparation was found to activate pro-VMH through generation of the 66-kDa protein. Additionally, treatment of the VmtX preparation with serine protease inhibitors, such as leupeptin and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, significantly suppressed the activities to hydrolyze the specific peptide substrate and to synthesize the 66-kDa toxin. These findings indicate that VmtX is the second protease that mediats the maturation of VMH. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TokoNorie en-aut-sei=Toko en-aut-mei=Norie kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=DodoTetsuya en-aut-sei=Dodo en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NankoAyako en-aut-sei=Nanko en-aut-mei=Ayako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizunoTamaki en-aut-sei=Mizuno en-aut-mei=Tamaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Vibrio mimicus kn-keyword=Vibrio mimicus en-keyword=Serine protease kn-keyword=Serine protease en-keyword=Hemolysin kn-keyword=Hemolysin en-keyword=Maturation kn-keyword=Maturation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=2095 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20211113 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Cholera Rapid Diagnostic Tests for the Detection of Vibrio cholerae O1: An Updated Meta-Analysis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The rapid diagnosis of cholera contributes to adequate outbreak management. This meta-analysis assesses the diagnostic accuracy of cholera rapid tests (RDTs) to detect Vibrio cholerae O1. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched four databases (Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science up to 8 September 2021) for studies that evaluated cholera RDTs for the detection of V. cholerae O1 compared with either stool culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We assessed the studies' quality using the QUADAS-2 criteria. In addition, in this update, GRADE approach was used to rate the overall certainty of the evidence. We performed a bivariate random-effects meta-analysis to calculate the pooled sensitivity and specificity of cholera RDTs. Results: Overall, 20 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Studies were from Africa (n = 11), Asia (n = 7), and America (Haiti; n = 2). They evaluated eight RDTs (Crystal VC-O1, Crystal VC, Cholkit, Institut Pasteur cholera dipstick, SD Bioline, Artron, Cholera Smart O1, and Smart II Cholera O1). Using direct specimen testing, sensitivity and specificity of RDTs were 90% (95% CI, 86 to 93) and 86% (95% CI, 81 to 90), respectively. Cholera Sensitivity was higher in studies conducted in Africa [92% (95% CI, 89 to 94)] compared with Asia [82% (95% CI, 77 to 87)]. However, specificity [83% (95% CI, 71 to 91)] was lower in Africa compared with Asia [90% (95% CI, 84 to 94)]. GRADE quality of evidence was estimated as moderate. Conclusions: Against culture or PCR, current cholera RDTs have moderate sensitivity and specificity for detecting Vibrio cholerae O1. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MuzemboBasilua Andre en-aut-sei=Muzembo en-aut-mei=Basilua Andre kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitaharaKei en-aut-sei=Kitahara en-aut-mei=Kei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhnoAyumu en-aut-sei=Ohno en-aut-mei=Ayumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=DebnathAnusuya en-aut-sei=Debnath en-aut-mei=Anusuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Keinosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-Ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-Ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=rapid test kn-keyword=rapid test en-keyword=cholera kn-keyword=cholera en-keyword=Vibrio cholera O1 kn-keyword=Vibrio cholera O1 en-keyword=sensitivity kn-keyword=sensitivity en-keyword=specificity kn-keyword=specificity en-keyword=accuracy kn-keyword=accuracy en-keyword=update kn-keyword=update END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=19 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=7141 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220610 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Long-Term Kinetics of Serological Antibodies against Vibrio cholerae Following a Clinical Cholera Case: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background: Approximately 2.9 million people worldwide suffer from cholera each year, many of whom are destitute. However, understanding of immunity against cholera is still limited. Several studies have reported the duration of antibodies following cholera; however, systematic reviews including a quantitative synthesis are lacking. Objective: To meta-analyze cohort studies that have evaluated vibriocidal, cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antibody levels following a clinical cholera case. Methods: Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed and Web of science for studies assessing antibodies against Vibrio cholerae in cohorts of patients with clinical cholera. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies. Random effects models were used to pool antibody titers in adults and older children (aged >= 6 years). In sensitivity analysis, studies reporting data on young children (2-5 years) were included. Results: Nine studies met our inclusion criteria for systematic review and seven for meta-analysis. The pooled mean of vibriocidal antibody titers in adults and older children (aged >= 6 years) was 123 on day 2 post-symptom onset, which sharply increased on day 7 (pooled mean = 6956) and gradually waned to 2247 on day 30, 578 on day 90, and 177 on day 360. Anti-CTB IgA antibodies also peaked on day 7 (pooled mean = 49), followed by a rapid decrease on day 30 (pooled mean = 21), and further declined on day 90 (pooled mean = 10), after which it plateaued from day 180 (pooled mean = 8) to 360 (pooled mean = 6). Similarly, anti-CTB IgG antibodies peaked in early convalescence between days 7 (pooled mean = 65) and 30 (pooled mean = 69), then gradually waned on days 90 (pooled mean = 42) and 180 (pooled mean = 30) and returned to baseline on day 360 (pooled mean = 24). Anti-LPS IgA antibodies peaked on day 7 (pooled mean = 124), gradually declined on day 30 (pooled mean = 44), which persisted until day 360 (pooled mean = 10). Anti LPS IgG antibodies peaked on day 7 (pooled mean = 94). Thereafter, they decreased on day 30 (pooled mean = 85), and dropped further on days 90 (pooled mean = 51) and 180 (pooled mean = 47), and returned to baseline on day 360 (pooled mean = 32). Sensitivity analysis including data from young children (aged 2-5 years) showed very similar findings as in the primary analysis. Conclusions: This study confirms that serological antibody (vibriocidal, CTB, and LPS) titers return to baseline levels within 1 year following clinical cholera, i.e., before the protective immunity against subsequent cholera wanes. However, this decay should not be interpreted as waning immunity because immunity conferred by cholera against subsequent disease lasts 3-10 years. Our study provides evidence for surveillance strategies and future research on vaccines and also demonstrates the need for further studies to improve our understanding of immunity against cholera. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MuzemboBasilua Andre en-aut-sei=Muzembo en-aut-mei=Basilua Andre kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitaharaKei en-aut-sei=Kitahara en-aut-mei=Kei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MitraDebmalya en-aut-sei=Mitra en-aut-mei=Debmalya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhnoAyumu en-aut-sei=Ohno en-aut-mei=Ayumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-Ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-Ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=cholera kn-keyword=cholera en-keyword=antibodies kn-keyword=antibodies en-keyword=vibriocidal kn-keyword=vibriocidal en-keyword=cholera toxin B kn-keyword=cholera toxin B en-keyword=lipopolysaccharide kn-keyword=lipopolysaccharide en-keyword=immunoglobulin kn-keyword=immunoglobulin en-keyword=immunity kn-keyword=immunity en-keyword=waning kn-keyword=waning END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=9 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=2618 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20211218 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=The Impact of Protease during Recovery from Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) State in Vibrio cholerae en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Vibrio cholerae can survive cold stress by entering into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, and resuscitation can be induced either by temperature upshift only or the addition of an anti-dormancy stimulant such as resuscitation-promoting factors (Rpfs) at suitable temperature. In this study, the role of proteinase K was analyzed as an Rpf in V. cholerae. A VBNC state was induced in V. cholerae AN59 in artificial seawater (ASW) media at 4 degrees C, and recovery could be achieved in filtered VBNC microcosm, called spent ASW media, merely by a temperature upshift to 37 degrees C. The resuscitation ability of spent ASW was further enhanced by the addition of proteinase K. The mode of action of proteinase K was investigated by comparing its effect on the growth of the VBNC and culturable state of V. cholerae in ASW and spent ASW media. The presence of proteinase K allowed culturable cells to grow faster in ASW by reducing the generation time. However, this effect of proteinase K was more pronounced in stressed VBNC cells. Moreover, proteinase K-supplemented spent ASW could also accelerate the transition of VBNC into recovered cells followed by rapid growth. Additionally, we found that dead bacterial cells were the substrate on which proteinase K acts to support high growth in spent ASW. So, the conclusion is that the proteinase K could efficiently promote the recovery and growth of dormant VBNC cells at higher temperatures by decreasing the duration of the initial lag phase required for transitioning from the VBNC to recovery state and increasing the growth rate of these recovered cells. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=DebnathAnusuya en-aut-sei=Debnath en-aut-mei=Anusuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-Ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-Ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=VBNC kn-keyword=VBNC en-keyword=recovery kn-keyword=recovery en-keyword=proteinase K kn-keyword=proteinase K en-keyword=growth kn-keyword=growth en-keyword=protease kn-keyword=protease END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=297 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=101071 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A structural model for (GlcNAc)2 translocation via a periplasmic chitooligosaccharide-binding protein from marine Vibrio bacteria en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=VhCBP is a periplasmic chitooligosaccharide-binding protein mainly responsible for translocation of the chitooligosaccharide (GlcNAc)2 across the double membranes of marine bacteria. However, structural and thermodynamic understanding of the sugar-binding/-release processes of VhCBP is relatively less. VhCBP displayed the greatest affinity toward (GlcNAc)2, with lower affinity for longer-chain chitooligosaccharides [(GlcNAc)3?4]. (GlcNAc)4 partially occupied the closed sugar-binding groove, with two reducing-end GlcNAc units extending beyond the sugar-binding groove and barely characterized by weak electron density. Mutation of three conserved residues (Trp363, Asp365, and Trp513) to Ala resulted in drastic decreases in the binding affinity toward the preferred substrate (GlcNAc)2, indicating their significant contributions to sugar binding. The structure of the W513A?(GlcNAc)2 complex in a ‘half-open’ conformation unveiled the intermediary step of the (GlcNAc)2 translocation from the soluble CBP in the periplasm to the inner membrane?transporting components. Isothermal calorimetry data suggested that VhCBP adopts the high-affinity conformation to bind (GlcNAc)2, while its low-affinity conformation facilitated sugar release. Thus, chitooligosaccharide translocation, conferred by periplasmic VhCBP, is a crucial step in the chitin catabolic pathway, allowing Vibrio bacteria to thrive in oceans where chitin is their major source of nutrients. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KitaokuYoshihito en-aut-sei=Kitaoku en-aut-mei=Yoshihito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukamizoTamo en-aut-sei=Fukamizo en-aut-mei=Tamo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KumsaoadSawitree en-aut-sei=Kumsaoad en-aut-mei=Sawitree kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=UbonbalPrakayfun en-aut-sei=Ubonbal en-aut-mei=Prakayfun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=RobinsonRobert C. en-aut-sei=Robinson en-aut-mei=Robert C. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SugintaWipa en-aut-sei=Suginta en-aut-mei=Wipa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=726273 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210820 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Virulence of Cholera Toxin Gene-Positive Vibrio cholerae Non-O1/non-O139 Strains Isolated From Environmental Water in Kolkata, India en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Cholera toxin (CT)-producing Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 cause acute diarrheal disease and are proven etiological agents of cholera epidemics and pandemics. On the other hand, V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 are designated as non-agglutinable (NAG) vibrios and are not associated with epidemic cholera. The majority of NAG vibrios do not possess the gene for CT (ctx). In this study, we isolated three NAG strains (strains No. 1, 2, and 3) with ctx from pond water in Kolkata, India, and examined their pathogenic properties. The enterotoxicity of the three NAG strains in vivo was examined using the rabbit ileal intestinal loop test. Strain No. 1 induced the accumulation of fluid in the loop, and the volume of fluid was reduced by simultaneous administration of anti-CT antiserum into the loop. The volume of fluid in the loop caused by strains No. 2 and 3 was small and undetectable, respectively. Then, we cultured these three strains in liquid medium in vitro at two temperatures, 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C, and examined the amount of CT accumulated in the culture supernatant. CT was accumulated in the culture supernatant of strain No.1 when the strain was cultured at 25 degrees C, but that was low when cultured at 37 degrees C. The CT amount accumulated in the culture supernatants of the No. 2 and No. 3 strains was extremely low at both temperature under culture conditions examined. In order to clarify the virulence properties of these strains, genome sequences of the three strains were analyzed. The analysis showed that there was no noticeable difference among three isolates both in the genes for virulence factors and regulatory genes of ctx. However, vibrio seventh pandemic island-II (VSP-II) was retained in strain No. 1, but not in strains No. 2 or 3. Furthermore, it was revealed that the genotype of the B subunit of CT in strain No. 1 was type 1 and those of strains No. 2 and 3 were type 8. Histopathological examination showed the disappearance of villi in intestinal tissue exposed to strain No. 1. In addition, fluid accumulated in the loop due to the action of strain No. 1 had hemolytic activity. This indicated that strain No. 1 may possesses virulence factors to induce severe syndrome when the strain infects humans, and that some strains of NAG vibrio inhabiting pond water in Kolkata have already acquired virulence, which can cause illness in humans. There is a possibility that these virulent NAG vibrios, which have acquired genes encoding factors involved in virulence of V. cholerae O1, may emerge in various parts of the world and cause epidemics in the future. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakahashiEizo en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Eizo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OchiSadayuki en-aut-sei=Ochi en-aut-mei=Sadayuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizunoTamaki en-aut-sei=Mizuno en-aut-mei=Tamaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaDaichi en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Daichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaMasatomo en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Masatomo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhnishiMakoto en-aut-sei=Ohnishi en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KoleyHemanta en-aut-sei=Koley en-aut-mei=Hemanta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=DuttaMoumita en-aut-sei=Dutta en-aut-mei=Moumita kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChowdhuryGoutam en-aut-sei=Chowdhury en-aut-mei=Goutam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish K. en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=Asish K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=DuttaShanta en-aut-sei=Dutta en-aut-mei=Shanta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-Ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-Ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Keinosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India kn-affil= en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae en-keyword=NAG Vibrio kn-keyword=NAG Vibrio en-keyword=cholera toxin kn-keyword=cholera toxin en-keyword=virulence kn-keyword=virulence en-keyword=environmental water kn-keyword=environmental water en-keyword=gene analysis kn-keyword=gene analysis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=8 cd-vols= no-issue=9 article-no= start-page=1303 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200826 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Regulation of Chitin-Dependent Growth and Natural Competence in Vibrio parahaemolyticus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Vibrios can degrade chitin surfaces to soluble N-acetyl glucosamine oligosaccharides (GlcNAc(n)) that can be utilized as a carbon source and also induce a state of natural genetic competence. In this study, we characterized chitin-dependent growth and natural competence in Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its regulation. We found that growth on chitin was regulated through chitin sensors ChiS (sensor histidine kinase) and TfoS (transmembrane transcriptional regulator) by predominantly controlling the expression of chitinase VPA0055 (ChiA2) in a TfoX-dependent manner. The reduced growth of Delta chiA2, Delta chiS and Delta tfoS mutants highlighted the critical role played by ChiA2 in chitin breakdown. This growth defect of Delta chiA2 mutant could be recovered when chitin oligosaccharides GlcNAc(2) or GlcNAc(6) were supplied instead of chitin. The Delta tfoS mutant was also able to grow on GlcNAc(2) but the Delta chiS mutant could not, which indicates that GlcNAc(2) catabolic operon is dependent on ChiS and independent of TfoS. However, the Delta tfoS mutant was unable to utilize GlcNAc(6) because the periplasmic enzymes required for the breakdown of GlcNAc(6) were found to be downregulated at the mRNA level. We also showed that natural competence can be induced only by GlcNAc(6), not GlcNAc(2), because the expression of competence genes was significantly higher in the presence of GlcNAc(6) compared to GlcNAc(2). Moreover, this might be an indication that GlcNAc(2) and GlcNAc(6) were detected by different receptors. Therefore, we speculate that GlcNAc(2)-dependent activation of ChiS and GlcNAc(6)-dependent activation of TfoS might be crucial for the induction of natural competence in V. parahaemolyticus through the upregulation of the master competence regulator TfoX. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=DebnathAnusuya en-aut-sei=Debnath en-aut-mei=Anusuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizunoTamaki en-aut-sei=Mizuno en-aut-mei=Tamaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-Ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-Ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=chitin kn-keyword=chitin en-keyword=chitinase kn-keyword=chitinase en-keyword=GlcNAc(6) kn-keyword=GlcNAc(6) en-keyword=natural competence kn-keyword=natural competence en-keyword=ChiA2 kn-keyword=ChiA2 en-keyword=ChiS kn-keyword=ChiS en-keyword=TfoS kn-keyword=TfoS END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=43 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=1288 end-page=1291 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=202008 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Low Viability of Cholera Toxin-Producing Vibrio cholerae O1 in the Artificial Low Ionic Strength Aquatic Solution en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=It has been well known that Vibrio cholerae inhabit in environmental water. As many patients infected with cholera toxin-producing V. cholerae O1 (toxigenic V. cholerae O1) emerge in Kolkata, India, it has been thought that toxigenic V. cholerae O1 is easily detected in environmental water in Kolkata. However, we could not isolate toxigenic V. cholerae O1 from environmental water in Kolkata, though NAG Vibrio (generic name of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139) is constantly detected. To clear the reason for the non-isolation of toxigenic V. cholerae O1, we examined the viability of V. cholera O1 and NAG Vibrios in the artificial low ionic strength aquatic solution. We found that the viability of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 in the solution is low, but that of NAG Vibrios is high. Subsequently, we examined the viability of NAG Vibrios possessing cholera toxin gene (ctx) in the same condition and found that the viability of these NAG Vibrios is low. These results indicate that the existence of ctx in V. cholerae affects the viability of V. cholerae in the aquatic solution used in this experiment. We thought that there was closely relation between the low viability of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 in the artificial low ionic strength aquatic solution and the low frequency of isolation of the strain from environmental water. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=PaulSubha Sankar en-aut-sei=Paul en-aut-mei=Subha Sankar kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiEizo en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Eizo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChowdhuryGoutam en-aut-sei=Chowdhury en-aut-mei=Goutam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizunoTamaki en-aut-sei=Mizuno en-aut-mei=Tamaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish K. en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=Asish K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=DuttaShanta en-aut-sei=Dutta en-aut-mei=Shanta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Keinosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India kn-affil= en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae en-keyword=cholera toxin kn-keyword=cholera toxin en-keyword=aquatic solution kn-keyword=aquatic solution en-keyword=viability kn-keyword=viability END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=64 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=435 end-page=444 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200328 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Genomic characterization of antibiotic resistance‐encoding genes in clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae non‐O1/non‐O139 strains from Kolkata, India: generation of novel types of genomic islands containing plural antibiotic resistance genes en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Non‐O1/non‐O139 nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae associated with cholera‐like diarrhea has been reported in Kolkata, India. However, the property involved in the pathogenicity of these strains has remained unclear. The character of 25 non‐O1/non‐O139 nontoxigenic V. cholerae isolated during 8 years from 2007 to 2014 in Kolkata was examined. Determination of the serogroup showed that the serogroups O6, O10, O35, O36, O39, and O70 were represented by two strains in each serogroup, and the remaining isolates belonged to different serogroups. To clarify the character of antibiotic resistance of these isolates, an antibiotic resistance test and the gene analysis were performed. According to antimicrobial drug susceptibility testing, 13 strains were classified as drug resistant. Among them, 10 strains were quinolone resistant and 6 of the 13 strains were resistant to more than three antibiotics. To define the genetic background of the antibiotic character of these strains, whole‐genome sequences of these strains were determined. From the analysis of these sequences, it becomes clear that all quinolone resistance isolates have mutations in quinolone resistance‐determining regions. Further research on the genome sequence showed that four strains possess Class 1 integrons in their genomes, and that three of the four integrons are found to be located in their genomic islands. These genomic islands are novel types. This indicates that various integrons containing drug resistance genes are spreading among V. cholerae non‐O1/non‐O139 strains through the action of newly generated genomic islands. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MoritaDaichi en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Daichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiEizo en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Eizo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaMasatomo en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Masatomo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhnishiMakoto en-aut-sei=Ohnishi en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizunoTamaki en-aut-sei=Mizuno en-aut-mei=Tamaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=Miyoshi Shin‐ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei= Shin‐ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=DuttaDevarati en-aut-sei=Dutta en-aut-mei=Devarati kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=RamamurthyThandavarayan en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy en-aut-mei=Thandavarayan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChowdhuryGoutam en-aut-sei=Chowdhury en-aut-mei=Goutam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=Mukhopadhyay Asish K. en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei= Asish K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Keinosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Center for Human Microbial Ecology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=antibiotic resistance kn-keyword=antibiotic resistance en-keyword=diarrhea kn-keyword=diarrhea en-keyword=genome sequence kn-keyword=genome sequence en-keyword=genomic island kn-keyword=genomic island en-keyword=integron kn-keyword=integron en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=19 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=173 end-page=180 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=201302 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Culture-independent real-time PCR reveals extensive polymicrobial infections in hospitalized diarrhoea cases in Kolkata, India en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Culture-independent identification of diarrhoeal aetiological agents was performed using DNA harvested from diarrhoeal stool specimens with SYBR-Green-based real-time PCR targeting Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Campylobacter spp., Shigella spp. and three different pathotypes of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli. Conventional culture-dependent methods detected bacterial enteropathogens in 68 of 122 diarrhoeal stool specimens. Of 68 specimens, 59 (86.8%) had a single pathogen and the remaining nine (13.2%) had polymicrobial infections with multiple pathogens. Re-analysis of the 68 specimens by culture-independent real-time PCR methods showed that 25 (36.8%) specimens contained single pathogen and 43 (63.2%) specimens contained mixed infections with multiple pathogens. The prevalence of such high levels of polymicrobial infections would not have been detected without using real-time PCR. Culture-dependent analysis assigned 54 of the 122 selected archived specimens as 'no known aetiology'. However, re-analysis of these samples by real-time PCR showed the presence of single or multiple pathogens among 34 (63%) of these specimens. Estimation of relative pathogen load by real-time PCR in the stool specimens indicated that the inability of conventional culture-dependent methods to detect the pathogens was related to lower colony-forming units of the pathogen, as reflected by lower C(t) values. Detection of high levels of polymicrobial infection by real-time PCR indicates that in the settings like Kolkata and its surroundings, where cholera and other enteric diseases are endemic, the concept of one pathogen one disease might need to be re-evaluated. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SinhaA. en-aut-sei=Sinha en-aut-mei=A. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SenGuptaS. en-aut-sei=SenGupta en-aut-mei=S. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=GuinS. en-aut-sei=Guin en-aut-mei=S. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=DuttaS. en-aut-sei=Dutta en-aut-mei=S. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=GhoshS. en-aut-sei=Ghosh en-aut-mei=S. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukherjeeP. en-aut-sei=Mukherjee en-aut-mei=P. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayA. K. en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=A. K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=RamamurthyT. en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy en-aut-mei=T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakedaY. en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Y. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurakawaT. en-aut-sei=Kurakawa en-aut-mei=T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=NomotoK. en-aut-sei=Nomoto en-aut-mei=K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=NairG. B. en-aut-sei=Nair en-aut-mei=G. B. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=NandyR. K. en-aut-sei=Nandy en-aut-mei=R. K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, NICED kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) kn-affil= en-keyword=Real-time PCR kn-keyword=Real-time PCR en-keyword=Diarrhoea kn-keyword=Diarrhoea en-keyword=Polymicrobial infection kn-keyword=Polymicrobial infection END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=52 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=1020 end-page=1021 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2014 dt-pub=201403 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Haitian variant tcpA in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains in Kolkata, India en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=GhoshPriyanka en-aut-sei=Ghosh en-aut-mei=Priyanka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NahaArindam en-aut-sei=Naha en-aut-mei=Arindam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=BasakSurajit en-aut-sei=Basak en-aut-mei=Surajit kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=GhoshSantanu en-aut-sei=Ghosh en-aut-mei=Santanu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=RamamurthyT. en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy en-aut-mei=T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KoleyHemanta en-aut-sei=Koley en-aut-mei=Hemanta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=K NandyRanjan en-aut-sei=K Nandy en-aut-mei=Ranjan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShinodaSumio en-aut-sei=Shinoda en-aut-mei=Sumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeHaruo en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Haruo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish K. en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=Asish K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, Tripura University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases at NICED kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=National Institute of Infectious Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) kn-affil= en-keyword=Cholera kn-keyword=Cholera en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae en-keyword= tcpA kn-keyword= tcpA en-keyword=El Tor kn-keyword=El Tor END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=51 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=1040 end-page=1045 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=201303 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Molecular Characterization of High-Level-Cholera-Toxin-Producing El Tor Variant Vibrio cholerae Strains in the Zanzibar Archipelago of Tanzania en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Analysis of 1,180 diarrheal stool samples in Zanzibar detected 247 Vibrio cholerae O1, Ogawa strains in 2009. Phenotypic traits and PCR-based detection of rstR, rtxC, and tcpA alleles showed that they belonged to the El Tor biotype. Genetic analysis of ctxB of these strains revealed that they were classical type, and production of classical cholera toxin B (CTB) was confirmed by Western blotting. These strains produced more CT than the prototype El Tor and formed a separate cluster by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NahaA. en-aut-sei=Naha en-aut-mei=A. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChowdhuryG. en-aut-sei=Chowdhury en-aut-mei=G. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=Ghosh-BanerjeeJ. en-aut-sei=Ghosh-Banerjee en-aut-mei=J. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SenohM. en-aut-sei=Senoh en-aut-mei=M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiT. en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=LeyB. en-aut-sei=Ley en-aut-mei=B. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ThriemerK. en-aut-sei=Thriemer en-aut-mei=K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=DeenJ. en-aut-sei=Deen en-aut-mei=J. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SeidleinL. V. en-aut-sei=Seidlein en-aut-mei=L. V. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=AliS. M. en-aut-sei=Ali en-aut-mei=S. M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=KhatibA. en-aut-sei=Khatib en-aut-mei=A. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=RamamurthyT. en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy en-aut-mei=T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=NandyR. K. en-aut-sei=Nandy en-aut-mei=R. K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=NairG. B. en-aut-sei=Nair en-aut-mei=G. B. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakedaY. en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Y. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayA. K. en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=A. K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=1National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=1National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=1National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases at NICED, kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases at NICED, kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=The International Vaccine Institute kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=The International Vaccine Institute kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=The International Vaccine Institute kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Menzies School of Health Research kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Ministry of Health and Social Welfare kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Ministry of Health and Social Welfare kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=1National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=1National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=1National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases at NICED, kn-affil= affil-num=16 en-affil=1National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae en-keyword=ctxB kn-keyword=ctxB en-keyword=Cholera kn-keyword=Cholera en-keyword=PFGE kn-keyword=PFGE END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=54 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=47 end-page=53 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2017 dt-pub=201710 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains that trace the origin of Haitian-like genetic traits en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Vibrio cholerae O1 is the etiological agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera. The bacterium has recently been causing outbreaks in Haiti with catastrophic effects. Numerous mutations have been reported in V. cholerae O1 strains associated with the Haitian outbreak. These mutations encompass among other the genes encoding virulence factors such as the pilin subunit of the toxin-co-regulated pilus (tcpA), cholera toxin B subunit (ctxB), repeat in toxins (rtxA), and other genes such as the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrase A (gyrA), rstB of RS element along with the alteration in the number of repeat sequences at the promoter region of ctxAB. Given the numerous genetic changes in those Haitian isolates, we decided to investigate the possible origins of those variations in the Indian subcontinent. Thus, we determined the genetic traits among V. cholerae O1 strains in Delhi, India. A total of 175 strains isolated from cholera patients during 2004 to 2012 were analysed in the present study. Our results showed that all the tested strains carried Haitian type tcpA (tcpACIRS) and variant gyrA indicating their first appearance before 2004 in Delhi. The Haitian variant rtxA and ctxB7 were first detected in Delhi during 2004 and 2006, respectively. Interestingly, not a single strain with the combination of El Tor rtxA and ctxB7 was detected in this study. The Delhi strains carried four heptad repeats (TTTTGAT) in the CT promoter region whereas Haitian strains carried 5 such repeats. Delhi strains did not have any deletion mutations in the rstB like Haitian strains. Overall, our study demonstrates the sequential accumulation of Haitian-like genetic traits among V. cholerae O1 strains in Delhi at different time points prior to the Haitian cholera outbreak. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=GhoshPriyanka en-aut-sei=Ghosh en-aut-mei=Priyanka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KumarDhirendra en-aut-sei=Kumar en-aut-mei=Dhirendra kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChowdhuryGoutam en-aut-sei=Chowdhury en-aut-mei=Goutam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SinghPuneeta en-aut-sei=Singh en-aut-mei=Puneeta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SamantaProsenjit en-aut-sei=Samanta en-aut-mei=Prosenjit kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=DuttaShanta en-aut-sei=Dutta en-aut-mei=Shanta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=RamamurthyT. en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy en-aut-mei=T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=SharmaN. C. en-aut-sei=Sharma en-aut-mei=N. C. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SinhaPreety en-aut-sei=Sinha en-aut-mei=Preety kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=PrasadYogendra en-aut-sei=Prasad en-aut-mei=Yogendra kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShinodaSumio en-aut-sei=Shinoda en-aut-mei=Sumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish K. en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=Asish K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Maharishi Valmiki Infectious Diseases Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Maharishi Valmiki Infectious Diseases Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Maharishi Valmiki Infectious Diseases Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Zoology, A.N. College kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, MJP Rohilkhand University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases at NICED kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= en-keyword=Cholera kn-keyword=Cholera en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae en-keyword=ctxAB promoter kn-keyword=ctxAB promoter en-keyword=ctxB kn-keyword=ctxB en-keyword=gyrA kn-keyword=gyrA en-keyword=rstB kn-keyword=rstB en-keyword=rtxA kn-keyword=rtxA en-keyword=tcpA kn-keyword=tcpA END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=30 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=681 end-page=691 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2014 dt-pub=201402 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effects of temperature, growth phase and luxO-disruption on regulation systems of toxin production in Vibrio vulnificus strain L-180, a human clinical isolate en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Vibrio vulnificus is a halophilic estuarine bacterium while it causes fatal septicemia or necrotizing wound infections in humans. This pathogen secretes the metalloprotease (V. vulnificus protease: VVP) and the cytolysin (V. vulnificus hemolysin: VVH) as protein toxins; however, their production was coordinated in response to the bacterial cell density. This regulation is termed quorum sensing (QS) and is mediated by the small diffusible molecule called autoinducer 2 (AI-2). In the present study, we investigated effects of disruption of luxO encoding a central response regulator of the QS circuit, as well as effects of temperature and growth phase, on the toxin production by V. vulnificus. Disruption of luxO was found to increase VVP production and expression of its gene vvpE. The expression of smcR, crp and rpoS, of which products positively regulate vvpE expression, and luxS encoding the AI-2 synthetase were also significantly increased. On the other hand, the luxO disruption resulted in reduction of VVH production and expression of its gene vvhA. Expression of other two genes affecting the QS circuit, luxT and rpoN, were also significantly decreased. The regulation systems of VVP production were found to exert their action during the stationary phase of the bacterial growth and to be operated strongly at 26 °C. By contrast, those of VVH production apparently started at the log phase and were operated more effectively at 37 °C. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ElgamlAbdelaziz en-aut-sei=Elgaml en-aut-mei=Abdelaziz kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HigakiKazutaka en-aut-sei=Higaki en-aut-mei=Kazutaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus kn-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus en-keyword=Metalloprotease kn-keyword=Metalloprotease en-keyword=Hemolysin kn-keyword=Hemolysin en-keyword=Quorum sensing kn-keyword=Quorum sensing en-keyword=Autoinducer kn-keyword=Autoinducer END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=59 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=305 end-page=310 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2015 dt-pub=20150209 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Stepwise changes in viable but nonculturable Vibrio cholerae cells en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Many bacterial species are known to become viable but nonculturable (VBNC) under conditions that are unsuitable for growth. In this study, the requirements for resuscitation of VBNC-state Vibrio cholerae cells were found to change over time. Although VBNC cells could initially be converted to culturable by treatment with catalase or HT-29 cell extract, they subsequently entered a state that was not convertible to culturable by these factors. However, fluorescence microscopy revealed the presence of live cells in this state, from which VBNC cells were resuscitated by co-cultivation with HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Ultimately, all cells entered a state from which they could not be resuscitated, even by co-cultivation with HT-29. These characteristic changes in VBNC-state cells were a common feature of strains in both V. cholerae O1 and O139 serogroups. Thus, the VBNC state of V. cholerae is not a single property but continues to change over time. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ImamuraDaisuke en-aut-sei=Imamura en-aut-mei=Daisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizunoTamaki en-aut-sei=Mizuno en-aut-mei=Tamaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin‐ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin‐ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShinodaSumio en-aut-sei=Shinoda en-aut-mei=Sumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae en-keyword=resuscitation kn-keyword=resuscitation en-keyword=viable but nonculturable kn-keyword=viable but nonculturable END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=56 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=1051 end-page=1058 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=20160510 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Regulation of Vibrio mimicus metalloprotease (VMP) production by the quorum-sensing master regulatory protein, LuxR en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Vibrio mimicus is an estuarine bacterium, while it can cause severe diarrhea, wound infection, and otitis media in humans. This pathogen secretes a relatively important toxin named V. mimicus metalloprotease (VMP). In this study, we clarified regulation of the VMP production according to the quorum-sensing master regulatory protein named LuxR. First, the full length of luxR gene, encoding LuxR, was detected in V. mimicus strain E-37, an environmental isolate. Next, the putative consensus binding sequence of LuxR protein could be detected in the upstream (promoter) region of VMP encoding gene, vmp. Finally, the effect of disruption of luxR gene on the expression of vmp and production of VMP was evaluated. Namely, the expression of vmp was significantly diminished by luxR disruption and the production of VMP was severely altered. Taken together, here we report that VMP production is under the positive regulation of the quorum-sensing master regulatory protein, LuxR. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Abdel‐SattarEl‐Shaymaa en-aut-sei=Abdel‐Sattar en-aut-mei=El‐Shaymaa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=Miyoshi Shin‐ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei= Shin‐ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ElgamlAbdelaziz en-aut-sei=Elgaml en-aut-mei=Abdelaziz kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=LuxR protein kn-keyword=LuxR protein en-keyword=Metalloprotease kn-keyword=Metalloprotease en-keyword=Quorum-sensing kn-keyword=Quorum-sensing en-keyword=Vibrio mimicus kn-keyword=Vibrio mimicus END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=10 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=338 end-page=342 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=20130408 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Isolation and characterization of pandemic and nonpandemic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from an outbreak of diarrhea in North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Strains of the enteric pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus harboring the thermostable hemolysin (TDH) encoding gene tdh is known to cause epidemic and pandemic diarrhea. In industrialized countries, this pathogen causes sporadic or outbreaks of diarrheal illness associated with consumption of raw or improperly cooked seafood. This report describes a foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by V. parahaemolyticus in June 2011 following consumption of food served at a funeral reception held at Habra, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India. About 650 people attended the function, of whom 44 had acute watery diarrhea with other clinical symptoms; 35 of them were admitted to the District Hospital for the rehydration treatment. Stool specimens collected from three hospitalized cases were positive for V. parahaemolyticus, of which two strains were identified as an O4:K8 serovar and one was identified as O3:K6 serovar. The O3:K6 strain also possessed the pandemic group-specific toxRS gene target (GS), whereas the O4:K8 strains were negative. All strains were polymerase chain reaction-positive for tdh but were polymerase chain reaction-negative for trh. All of the strains were resistant to ampicillin but were pansensitive to other antimicrobials tested. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis using NotI showed that the O3:K6 strain was similar to that of a recent clinical strain from Kolkata, but had diverged from other strains during previous years. In contrast, PFGE analysis showed that the O4:K8 strains were closely related but differed from the Kolkata strain. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ChowdhuryGoutam en-aut-sei=Chowdhury en-aut-mei=Goutam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=GhoshSantanu en-aut-sei=Ghosh en-aut-mei=Santanu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=PazhaniGururaja P. en-aut-sei=Pazhani en-aut-mei=Gururaja P. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=PaulBimal K. en-aut-sei=Paul en-aut-mei=Bimal K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MajiDipankar en-aut-sei=Maji en-aut-mei=Dipankar kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish K. en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=Asish K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=RamamurthyThandavarayan en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy en-aut-mei=Thandavarayan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Integrated Disease Surveillance Program, Directorate of Health Services kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Integrated Disease Surveillance Program, Directorate of Health Services kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= en-keyword=Diarrhea kn-keyword=Diarrhea en-keyword=V. parahaemolyticus kn-keyword=V. parahaemolyticus en-keyword=Serovar kn-keyword=Serovar en-keyword=GS-PCR kn-keyword=GS-PCR en-keyword=PFGE kn-keyword=PFGE END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=10 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=904 end-page=906 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=20130925 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=An outbreak of foodborne gastroenteritis caused by dual pathogens, Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden and Vibrio fluvialis in Kolkata, India en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden and Vibrio fluvialis were identified as etiological agents of a foodborne gastroenteritis outbreak after an Iftar feast in North Dumdum. Of the 278 cases admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kolkata, 44 stool samples were tested for the enteric pathogens. Six were positive for Salmonella Weltevreden, 5 for Vibrio fluvialis, and 8 contained both of the pathogens. Consumption of mutton-ghogni might have been the likely vehicle of this outbreak. In the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Salmonella Weltevreden was identified as a single clone but the V. fluvialis strains were heterogeneous. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ChowdhuryGoutam en-aut-sei=Chowdhury en-aut-mei=Goutam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=Sarkar Anirban en-aut-sei=Sarkar en-aut-mei= Anirban kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=PazhaniGururaja P. en-aut-sei=Pazhani en-aut-mei=Gururaja P. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish K. en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=Asish K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=BhattacharyaMihir K. en-aut-sei=Bhattacharya en-aut-mei=Mihir K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=RamamurthyThandavarayan en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy en-aut-mei=Thandavarayan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= en-keyword=Diarrhoea kn-keyword=Diarrhoea en-keyword=S. Weltevredan kn-keyword=S. Weltevredan en-keyword=V. fluvialis kn-keyword=V. fluvialis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=306 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=657 end-page=665 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=201612 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Role of a sensor histidine kinase ChiS of Vibrio cholerae in pathogenesis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Vibrio cholera survival in an aquatic environment depends on chitin utilization pathway that requires two factors, chitin binding protein and chitinases. The chitinases and the chitin utilization pathway are regulated by a two-component sensor histidine kinase ChiS in V. cholerae. In recent studies these two factors are also shown to be involved in V. cholerae pathogenesis. However, the role played by their upstream regulator ChiS in pathogenesis is yet to be known. In this study, we investigated the activation of ChiS in presence of mucin and its functional role in pathogenesis. We found ChiS is activated in mucin supplemented media. The isogenic chiS mutant (ChiS-) showed less growth compared to the wild type strain (ChiS+) in the presence of mucin supplemented media. The ChiS- strain also showed highly retarded motility as well as mucin layer penetration in vitro. Our result also showed that ChiS was important for adherence and survival in HT-29 cell. These observations indicate that ChiS is activated in presence of intestinal mucin and subsequently switch on the chitin utilization pathway. In animal models, our results also supported the in vitro observation. We found reduced fluid accumulation and colonization during infection with ChiS- strain. We also found ChiS- mutant with reduced expression of ctxA, toxT and tcpA. The cumulative effect of these events made V. cholerae ChiS- strain hypovirulent. Hence, we propose that ChiS plays a vital role in V. cholerae pathogenesis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ChourashiRhishita en-aut-sei=Chourashi en-aut-mei=Rhishita kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MondalMoumita en-aut-sei=Mondal en-aut-mei=Moumita kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SinhaRitam en-aut-sei=Sinha en-aut-mei=Ritam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=DebnathAnusuya en-aut-sei=Debnath en-aut-mei=Anusuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=DasSuman en-aut-sei=Das en-aut-mei=Suman kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KoleyHemanta en-aut-sei=Koley en-aut-mei=Hemanta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=Sekhar ChatterjeeaNabendu en-aut-sei=Sekhar Chatterjeea en-aut-mei=Nabendu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= en-keyword=ChiS kn-keyword=ChiS en-keyword=Mucin kn-keyword=Mucin en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae en-keyword=Virulence kn-keyword=Virulence END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=20 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=263 end-page=274 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2015 dt-pub=2015 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Role of the Histone-Like Nucleoid Structuring Protein (H-NS) in the Regulation of Virulence Factor Expression and Stress Response in Vibrio vulnificus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Temperature is one of the important parameters regulating the expression of virulence factors in bacteria. The global regulator, a histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), is known to play a crucial role in this regulation. In the present study, we first clarified the role of H-NS in the temperature-dependent regulation of virulence factor production in Vibrio vulnificus, including that of the cytolytic toxin (V. vulnificus hemolysin: VVH) and the proteolytic enzyme (V. vulnificus protease: VVP). The expression of hns itself was subjected to temperature regulation, where hns was expressed more at 26℃ than at 37℃. VVH production and the expression of its gene vvhA were increased by disruption of the hns gene. H-NS appeared to affect the vvhA expression by the well-documented transcriptional silencing mechanism. On the other hand, hns disruption resulted in the reduction of VVP production and the expression of its gene vvpE. H-NS was suggested to positively regulate vvpE expression through the increase in the level of the rpoS mRNA. Moreover, H-NS was found to contribute to the survival of V. vulnificus in stressful environments. When compared to the wild type strain, the hns mutant exhibited reduced survival rates when subjected to acidic pH, hyperosmotic and oxidative stress. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ElgamlAbdelaziz en-aut-sei=Elgaml en-aut-mei=Abdelaziz kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus kn-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus en-keyword=Temperature kn-keyword=Temperature en-keyword=H-NS kn-keyword=H-NS en-keyword=Hemolysin kn-keyword=Hemolysin en-keyword=Metalloprotease kn-keyword=Metalloprotease en-keyword=Stress response kn-keyword=Stress response END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=20 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=199 end-page=203 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2015 dt-pub=2015 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Presence of Nitric Oxide-Sensing Systems in the Human Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Vibrio vulnificus is a halophilic estuarine bacterium, but this species causes fatal septicemia in humans. V. vulnificus may encounter many kinds of stresses either in the natural environment or in the human body. One of the striking stresses is the exposure to the reactive oxygen species including nitric oxide (NO). The present study revealed that NO could participate in the regulation of the V. vulnificus community behavior. When the bacterium was cultivated in the presence of sub-lethal doses of an NO donor, the expression of the genes encoding NO-detoxifying enzymes was significantly increased. The NO donor was also found to cause significant increase in production of a metalloprotease, a putative virulence factor, by the bacterium. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ElgamlAbdelaziz en-aut-sei=Elgaml en-aut-mei=Abdelaziz kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus kn-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus en-keyword=Nitric oxide kn-keyword=Nitric oxide en-keyword=Oxidative stress kn-keyword=Oxidative stress en-keyword=Detoxification kn-keyword=Detoxification END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=5 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=36 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=20131203 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Inflammatory diarrhea due to enteroaggregative Escherichia coli: evidence from clinical and mice model studies en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background　 This study was conducted to determine the role of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) in inflammatory diarrhea among hospitalized patients in Kolkata. The inflammatory pathogenesis of EAEC was established in mice model and histopathological studies. Presence of fecal leucocytes (FLCs) can be suspected for EAEC infection solely or as a mixed with other enteric pathogens.　 Methods　 Active surveillance was conducted for 2 years on 2 random days per week with every 5th patient admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital (IDH). Diarrheal samples were processed by conventional culture, microscopy, ELISA and molecular methods. Two EAEC isolated as sole pathogens were examined in mice after induced intestinal infection. The intestinal tissue samples were processed to analyze the histological changes.　 Results　 Of the 2519 samples screened, fecal leucocytes, erythrocytes and occult blood were detected in 1629 samples. Most of the patients had acute watery diarrhea (75%) and vomiting (78%). Vibrio cholerae O1 was the main pathogen in patients of 5?10 years age group (33%). Shigellosis was more in children from 2?5 years of age (19%), whereas children <2 years appeared to be susceptible for infection caused by EAEC (16%). When tested for the pathogenicity, the EAEC strains colonized well and caused inflammatory infection in the gut mucosa of BALB/C mice.　 Conclusion　 This hospital-based surveillance revealed prevalence of large number of inflammatory diarrhea. EAEC was the suspected pathogen and <2 years children appeared to be the most susceptible age group. BALB/C mice may be a suitable animal model to study the EAEC-mediated pathogenesis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Dhira Rani Saha en-aut-sei=Dhira Rani Saha en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=GuinSucharita en-aut-sei=Guin en-aut-mei=Sucharita kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KrishnanRajendran en-aut-sei=Krishnan en-aut-mei=Rajendran kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NagDhrubajyoti en-aut-sei=Nag en-aut-mei=Dhrubajyoti kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KoleyHemanta en-aut-sei=Koley en-aut-mei=Hemanta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShinodaSumio en-aut-sei=Shinoda en-aut-mei=Sumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=RamamurthyThandavarayan en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy en-aut-mei=Thandavarayan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Division of Histology & Electron microscopy, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis, Div Bacteriol kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis, Div Data Management kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis, Div Bacteriol kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis, Div Bacteriol kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Okayama Univ Infect Dis India, Collaborat Res Ctr kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis, Div Bacteriol kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=19 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=464 end-page=467 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=201303 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 serogroups and cholera-like diarrhea, Kolkata, India en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= We identified 281 Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strains from patients with diarrhea in Kolkata, India. Cholera-like diarrhea was the major symptom (66.0%); some patients (20.3%) had severe dehydration. These strains lacked the ctxA gene but many had hlyA, rtxA, and rtxC genes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed no genetic link among strains. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=DuttaDevarati en-aut-sei=Dutta en-aut-mei=Devarati kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChowdhuryGoutam en-aut-sei=Chowdhury en-aut-mei=Goutam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=PazhaniGururaja P. en-aut-sei=Pazhani en-aut-mei=Gururaja P. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=GuinSucharita en-aut-sei=Guin en-aut-mei=Sucharita kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=DuttaSanjucta en-aut-sei=Dutta en-aut-mei=Sanjucta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=GhoshSantanu en-aut-sei=Ghosh en-aut-mei=Santanu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=RajendranK. en-aut-sei=Rajendran en-aut-mei=K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=NandyRanjan K. en-aut-sei=Nandy en-aut-mei=Ranjan K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish K. en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=Asish K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=BhattacharyaMihir K. en-aut-sei=Bhattacharya en-aut-mei=Mihir K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=MitraUtpala en-aut-sei=Mitra en-aut-mei=Utpala kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakedaYoshifumi en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Yoshifumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=NairG. Balakrish en-aut-sei=Nair en-aut-mei=G. Balakrish kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=RamamurthyThandavarayan en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy en-aut-mei=Thandavarayan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=ational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=ational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=ational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=ational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=ational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=ational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=ational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=ational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=ational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=ational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=ational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=ational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Translational Health Science and Technology Institute kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=ational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=3 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=239 end-page=246 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2014 dt-pub=20140218 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Isolation of viable but nonculturable Vibrio cholerae O1 from environmental water samples in Kolkata, India, in a culturable state en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Previously, we reported that viable but nonculturable (VBNC) Vibrio cholerae was converted into a culturable state by coculture with several eukaryotic cell lines including HT-29 cells. In this study, we found that a factor converting VBNC V. cholerae into a culturable state (FCVC) existed in cell extracts of eukaryotic cells. FCVC was nondialyzable, proteinase K-sensitive, and stable to heating at <60°C for 5 min. We prepared thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) plates with FCVC (F-TCBS plates). After confirming that VBNC V. cholerae O1 and O139 formed typical yellow colonies on F-TCBS plates, we tried to isolate cholera toxin gene-positive VBNC V. cholerae from environmental water samples collected in urban slum areas of Kolkata, India and succeeded in isolating V. cholerae O1 El Tor variant strains harboring a gene for the cholera toxin. The possible importance of VBNC V. cholerae O1 as a source of cholera outbreaks is discussed. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SenohMitsutoshi en-aut-sei=Senoh en-aut-mei=Mitsutoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=Ghosh-BanerjeeJayeeta en-aut-sei=Ghosh-Banerjee en-aut-mei=Jayeeta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizunoTamaki en-aut-sei=Mizuno en-aut-mei=Tamaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShinodaSumio en-aut-sei=Shinoda en-aut-mei=Sumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamabataTakashi en-aut-sei=Hamabata en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=NairG. Balakrish en-aut-sei=Nair en-aut-mei=G. Balakrish kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakedaYoshifumi en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Yoshifumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Translational Health Science and Technology Institute kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Factor converting VBNC into culturable kn-keyword=Factor converting VBNC into culturable en-keyword=VBNC Vibrio cholerae kn-keyword=VBNC Vibrio cholerae END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=7 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1250 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=20160809 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Phenotypic and Genetic Heterogeneity in Vibrio cholerae O139 Isolated from Cholera Cases in Delhi, India during 2001-2006 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Incidence of epidemic Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 has declined in cholera endemic countries. However, sporadic cholera caused by V. cholerae O139 with notable genetic changes is still reported from many regions. In the present study, 42 V. cholerae O139 strains isolated from 2001 to 2006 in Delhi, India, were retrospectively analyzed to understand their phenotype and molecular characteristics. The majority of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, furazolidone and nalidixic acid. Though the integrative conjugative element was detected in all the O139 isolates, the 2004?2006 isolates remained susceptible to co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin. Cholera toxin genotype 1 was present in the majority of the O139 isolates while few had type 3 or a novel type 4. In the cholera toxin encoding gene (ctx) restriction fragment length polymorphism, the majority of the isolates harbored three copies of CTX element, of which one was truncated. In this study, the ctx was detected for the first time in the small chromosome of V. cholerae O139 and one isolate harbored 5 copies of CTX element, of which 3 were truncated. The ribotype BII pattern was found in most of the O139 isolates. Three V. cholerae O139 isolated in 2001 had a new ribotype BVIII. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed clonal variation in 2001 isolates compared to the 2004?2006 isolates. Molecular changes in V. cholerae O139 have to be closely monitored as this information may help in understanding the changing genetic features of this pathogen in relation to the epidemiology of cholera. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=GhoshRaikamal en-aut-sei=Ghosh en-aut-mei=Raikamal kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SharmaNaresh C. en-aut-sei=Sharma en-aut-mei=Naresh C. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HalderKalpataru en-aut-sei=Halder en-aut-mei=Kalpataru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=BhadraRupak K. en-aut-sei=Bhadra en-aut-mei=Rupak K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChowdhuryGoutam en-aut-sei=Chowdhury en-aut-mei=Goutam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=PazhaniGururaja P. en-aut-sei=Pazhani en-aut-mei=Gururaja P. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShinodaSumio en-aut-sei=Shinoda en-aut-mei=Sumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish K. en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=Asish K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=NairG. Balakrish en-aut-sei=Nair en-aut-mei=G. Balakrish kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=RamamurthyThadavarayan en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy en-aut-mei=Thadavarayan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Maharishi Valmiki Infectious Diseases Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Center for Human Microbial Ecology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Center for Human Microbial Ecology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute kn-affil= en-keyword=V.cholerae O139 kn-keyword=V.cholerae O139 en-keyword=ribotypes kn-keyword=ribotypes en-keyword=CT genotype kn-keyword=CT genotype en-keyword=CTX prophage kn-keyword=CTX prophage en-keyword=PFGE kn-keyword=PFGE END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=7 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=144 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=20160211 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Extraintestinal Infections Caused by Non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Vibrio cholerae is an aerobic, sucrose fermentative Gram-negative bacterium that generally prevails in the environment. Pathogenic V. cholerae is well-known as causative agent of acute diarrhea. Apart from enteric infections, V. cholerae may also cause other diseases. However, their role in causing extraintestinal infections is not fully known as it needs proper identification and evaluation. Four cases of extraintestinal infections due to V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 have been investigated. The isolates were screened for phenotypic and genetic characteristics with reference to their major virulence genes. Serologically distinct isolates harbored rtx, msh, and hly but lacked enteric toxin encoding genes that are generally present in toxigenic V. cholerae. Timely detection of this organism can prevent fatalities in hospital settings. The underlying virulence potential of V. cholerae needs appropriate testing and intervention. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ChowdhuryGoutam en-aut-sei=Chowdhury en-aut-mei=Goutam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=JoshiSangeeta en-aut-sei=Joshi en-aut-mei=Sangeeta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=BhattacharyaSanjay en-aut-sei=Bhattacharya en-aut-mei=Sanjay kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SekarUma en-aut-sei=Sekar en-aut-mei=Uma kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=BirajdarBalaji en-aut-sei=Birajdar en-aut-mei=Balaji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=BhattacharyyaArpita en-aut-sei=Bhattacharyya en-aut-mei=Arpita kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShinodaSumio en-aut-sei=Shinoda en-aut-mei=Sumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=RamamurthyThandavarayan en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy en-aut-mei=Thandavarayan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Manipal Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Tata Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Metropolis Healthcare Ltd-Global Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Metropolis Healthcare Ltd-Global Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=e0005386 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2017 dt-pub=20170213 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Comparative genome analysis of VSP-II and SNPs reveals heterogenic variation in contemporary strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated from cholera patients in Kolkata, India en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease and a major public health problem in many developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Since the Bay of Bengal is considered the epicenter for the seventh cholera pandemic, it is important to understand the genetic dynamism of Vibrio cholerae from Kolkata, as a representative of the Bengal region. We analyzed whole genome sequence data of V. cholerae O1 isolated from cholera patients in Kolkata, India, from 2007 to 2014 and identified the heterogeneous genomic region in these strains. In addition, we carried out a phylogenetic analysis based on the whole genome single nucleotide polymorphisms to determine the genetic lineage of strains in Kolkata. This analysis revealed the heterogeneity of the Vibrio seventh pandemic island (VSP)-II in Kolkata strains. The ctxB genotype was also heterogeneous and was highly related to VSP-II types. In addition, phylogenetic analysis revealed the shifts in predominant strains in Kolkata. Two distinct lineages, 1 and 2, were found between 2007 and 2010. However, the proportion changed markedly in 2010 and lineage 2 strains were predominant thereafter. Lineage 2 can be divided into four sublineages, I, II, III and IV. The results of this study indicate that lineages 1 and 2-I were concurrently prevalent between 2007 and 2009, and lineage 2-III observed in 2010, followed by the predominance of lineage 2-IV in 2011 and continued until 2014. Our findings demonstrate that the epidemic of cholera in Kolkata was caused by several distinct strains that have been constantly changing within the genetic lineages of V. cholerae O1 in recent years. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ImamuraDaisuke en-aut-sei=Imamura en-aut-mei=Daisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaMasatomo en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Masatomo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SekizukaTsuyoshi en-aut-sei=Sekizuka en-aut-mei=Tsuyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizunoTamaki en-aut-sei=Mizuno en-aut-mei=Tamaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakemuraTaichiro en-aut-sei=Takemura en-aut-mei=Taichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamashiroTetsu en-aut-sei=Yamashiro en-aut-mei=Tetsu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChowdhuryGoutam en-aut-sei=Chowdhury en-aut-mei=Goutam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=Pazhani Gururaja P. en-aut-sei=Pazhani en-aut-mei= Gururaja P. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish K. en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=Asish K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=RamamurthyThandavarayan en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy en-aut-mei=Thandavarayan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurodaMakoto en-aut-sei=Kuroda en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShinodaSumio en-aut-sei=Shinoda en-aut-mei=Sumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhnishiMakoto en-aut-sei=Ohnishi en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Vietnam Research Station, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Vietnam Research Station, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Translational Health Science and Technology Institute kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=72 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=231 end-page=239 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2018 dt-pub=201806 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Vibrio alginolyticus VepA Induces Lysosomal Membrane Permeability and Cathepsin-Independent Cell Death en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= The bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus, an opportunistic pathogen in humans, has a type III secretion system (T3SS) that is responsible for its cytotoxicity toward eukaryotic cells. The effector of T3SS that is responsible for the cytotoxicity had not been identified. Here we demonstrate that VepA, a homolog of the T3SS effector in V. parahaemolyticus, is required for cytotoxicity in V. alginolyticus. VepA induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization, and it allows the leakage of only small molecules into the cytosol. Our findings revealed that VepA induces cathepsin-independent cell death in mammalian cells. The ferrous ion, one of the small molecules in the lysosome contents, appears to be involved in the cell death caused by V. alginolyticus VepA. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=DarwinataAgus Eka en-aut-sei=Darwinata en-aut-mei=Agus Eka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=GotohKazuyoshi en-aut-sei=Gotoh en-aut-mei=Kazuyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MimaTakehiko en-aut-sei=Mima en-aut-mei=Takehiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoYumiko en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Yumiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YokotaKenji en-aut-sei=Yokota en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsushitaOsamu en-aut-sei=Matsushita en-aut-mei=Osamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=cell death kn-keyword=cell death en-keyword=lysosomal membrane permeability kn-keyword=lysosomal membrane permeability en-keyword=VepA kn-keyword=VepA en-keyword=Vibrio alginolyticus kn-keyword=Vibrio alginolyticus END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2018 dt-pub=20180323 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Vibrio alginolyticus の VepA 依存的なリソソーム膜透過性を伴う細胞死誘導 kn-title=Vibrio alginolyticus VepA Induces Lysosomal Membrane Permeability and Cathepsin-Independent Cell Death en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Agus Eka Darwinata en-aut-sei=Agus Eka Darwinata en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2014 dt-pub=20140930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=ビブリオ・バルニフィカスにおける病原因子の発現および産生の調節 kn-title=Regulation systems of virulence factors expression and production in Vibrio vulnificus. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Abdelaziz Ahmed Abdallah Mahmoud Elgaml en-aut-sei=Abdelaziz Ahmed Abdallah Mahmoud Elgaml en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=120 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=299 end-page=304 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2015 dt-pub=201502 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Toxicity of tetramethylammonium hydroxide to aquatic organisms and its synergistic action with potassium iodide en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The aquatic ecotoxicity of chemicals involved in the manufacturing process of thin film transistor liquid crystal displays was assessed with a battery of four selected acute toxicity bioassays. We focused on tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH, CAS No. 75-59-2), a widely utilized etchant. The toxicity of TMAH was low when tested in the 72 h-algal growth inhibition test (Pseudokirchneriellia subcapitata, EC50 = 360 mg L?1) and the Microtox? test (Vibrio fischeri, IC50 = 6.4 g L?1). In contrast, the 24 h-microcrustacean immobilization and the 96 h-fish mortality tests showed relatively higher toxicity (Daphnia magna, EC50 = 32 mg L?1 and Oryzias latipes, LC50 = 154 mg L?1). Isobologram and mixture toxicity index analyses revealed apparent synergism of the mixture of TMAH and potassium iodide when examined with the D. magna immobilization test. The synergistic action was unique to iodide over other halide salts i.e. fluoride, chloride and bromide. Quaternary ammonium ions with longer alkyl chains such as tetraethylammonium and tetrabutylammonium were more toxic than TMAH in the D. magna immobilization test. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MoriIzumi C. en-aut-sei=Mori en-aut-mei=Izumi C. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=Arias-BarreiroCarlos R. en-aut-sei=Arias-Barreiro en-aut-mei=Carlos R. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KoutsaftisApostolos en-aut-sei=Koutsaftis en-aut-mei=Apostolos kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OgoAtsushi en-aut-sei=Ogo en-aut-mei=Atsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawanoTomonori en-aut-sei=Kawano en-aut-mei=Tomonori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshizukaKazuharu en-aut-sei=Yoshizuka en-aut-mei=Kazuharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=Inayat-HussainSalmaan H. en-aut-sei=Inayat-Hussain en-aut-mei=Salmaan H. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=AoyamaIsao en-aut-sei=Aoyama en-aut-mei=Isao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=School of International Environmental Science, The University of Kitakyushu affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=School of International Environmental Science, The University of Kitakyushu affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Faculty of Health Sciences, Univerisiti Kebangsaan Malaysia affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University en-keyword=Tetramethylammonium hydroxide kn-keyword=Tetramethylammonium hydroxide en-keyword=Potassium iodide kn-keyword=Potassium iodide en-keyword=Aquatic toxicity kn-keyword=Aquatic toxicity en-keyword=Synergism kn-keyword=Synergism en-keyword=D. magna kn-keyword=D. magna en-keyword=Semiconductor wastewater kn-keyword=Semiconductor wastewater END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=18 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=1868 end-page=1871 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2012 dt-pub=201211 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Vibrio fluvialis in Patients with Diarrhea, Kolkata, India en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We identified 131 strains of Vibrio fluvialis among 400 nonagglutinating Vibrio spp. isolated from patients with diarrhea in Kolkata, India. For 43 patients, V. fluvialis was the sole pathogen identified. Most strains harbored genes encoding hemolysin and metalloprotease; this finding may contribute to understanding of the pathogenicity of V. fluvialis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ChowdhuryGoutam en-aut-sei=Chowdhury en-aut-mei=Goutam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=P. PazhaniGururaja en-aut-sei=P. Pazhani en-aut-mei=Gururaja kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=DuttaDevarati en-aut-sei=Dutta en-aut-mei=Devarati kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=GuinSucharita en-aut-sei=Guin en-aut-mei=Sucharita kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=DuttaSanjucta en-aut-sei=Dutta en-aut-mei=Sanjucta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=GhoshSantanu en-aut-sei=Ghosh en-aut-mei=Santanu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=IzumiyaHidemasa en-aut-sei=Izumiya en-aut-mei=Hidemasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=AsakuraMasahiro en-aut-sei=Asakura en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamasakiShinji en-aut-sei=Yamasaki en-aut-mei=Shinji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakedaYoshifumi en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Yoshifumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=ArakawaEiji en-aut-sei=Arakawa en-aut-mei=Eiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeHaruo en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Haruo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish K. en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=Asish K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=BhattacharyaMihir K. en-aut-sei=Bhattacharya en-aut-mei=Mihir K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=RajendranK. en-aut-sei=Rajendran en-aut-mei=K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=NairGopinath Balakrish en-aut-sei=Nair en-aut-mei=Gopinath Balakrish kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= en-aut-name=RamamurthyThandavarayan en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy en-aut-mei=Thandavarayan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=17 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Infectious Diseases affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India affil-num=11 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Infectious Diseases affil-num=12 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Infectious Diseases affil-num=13 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases affil-num=14 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases affil-num=15 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases affil-num=16 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases affil-num=17 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=28 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=1633 end-page=1639 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2012 dt-pub=201204 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=An extracellular serine protease produced by Vibrio vulnificus NCIMB 2137, a metalloprotease-gene negative strain isolated from a diseased eel en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Vibrio vulnificus is a ubiquitous estuarine microorganism but causes fatal systemic infections in immunocompromised humans, cultured eels or shrimps. An extracellular metalloprotease VVP/VvpE has been reported to be a potential virulence factor of the bacterium; however, a few strains isolated from a diseased eel or shrimp were recently found to produce a serine protease termed VvsA, but not VVP/VvpE. In the present study, we found that these strains had lost the 80 kb genomic region including the gene encoding VVP/VvpE. We also purified VvsA from the culture supernatant through ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration and ion-exchange column chromatography, and the enzyme was demonstrated to be a chymotrypsin-like protease, as well as those from some vibrios. The gene vvsA was shown to constitute an operon with a downstream gene vvsB, and several Vibrio species were found to have orthologues of vvsAB. These findings indicate that the genes vvp/vvpE and vvsAB might be mobile genetic elements. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=JiyouWang en-aut-sei=Jiyou en-aut-mei=Wang kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatohKeizo en-aut-sei=Katoh en-aut-mei=Keizo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SenohMitsutoshi en-aut-sei=Senoh en-aut-mei=Mitsutoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizunoTamaki en-aut-sei=Mizuno en-aut-mei=Tamaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaeharaYoko en-aut-sei=Maehara en-aut-mei=Yoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci en-keyword=Polymerase chain reaction kn-keyword=Polymerase chain reaction en-keyword=Purification kn-keyword=Purification en-keyword=Serine protease kn-keyword=Serine protease en-keyword=Metalloprotease kn-keyword=Metalloprotease en-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus kn-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=50 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=1733 end-page=1736 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2012 dt-pub=201205 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Development and Evaluation of a PCR Assay for Tracking the Emergence and Dissemination of Haitian Variant ctxB in Vibrio cholerae O1 Strains Isolated from Kolkata, India en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A PCR-based assay was developed to discriminate the classical, El Tor, and Haitian types of ctxB alleles. Our retrospective study using this newly developed PCR showed that Haitian ctxB first appeared in Kolkata during April 2006, and 93.3% of strains isolated during 2011 carried the new allele. Dendrogram analysis showed a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern of the new variant strains isolated recently that was distinct from the PFGE pattern of the strains carrying classical ctxB that closely matched the 2006 to 2007 variant strains. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NahaArindam en-aut-sei=Naha en-aut-mei=Arindam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=PazhaniG. P. en-aut-sei=Pazhani en-aut-mei=G. P. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=GangulyMou en-aut-sei=Ganguly en-aut-mei=Mou kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=GhoshSantanu en-aut-sei=Ghosh en-aut-mei=Santanu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=RamamuranthyT. en-aut-sei=Ramamuranthy en-aut-mei=T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NandyRanjan K. en-aut-sei=Nandy en-aut-mei=Ranjan K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=NairG. Balakrish en-aut-sei=Nair en-aut-mei=G. Balakrish kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakedaYoshifumi en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Yoshifumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish K. en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=Asish K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ Infect Dis NICED, Collaborat Res Ctr affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=125 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=35 end-page=39 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=20130401 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=An epidemiologically rare case of Vibrio vulnificus infection that occurred in October in an inland city of Japan kn-title=内陸地津山で発症した季節外れのVibrio vulnificus感染症 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=　A 68-year-old man with alcohol addiction, who lived in the suburbs of Tsuyama, an inland city located in northeast Okayama prefecture, was transported to the emergency unit of the Tsuyama Central Hospital in a state of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). Despite rigorous systemic investigation and treatment, the patient died 2 hours after arrival. After his death, Vibrio vulnificus was isolated from his blood culture. 　Vibrio vulnificus causes fatal infection in humans, usually only in areas located close to the sea where appropriate temperature and suitable salt concentration for its growth are available. Therefore, its occurrence is epidemiologically restricted ; in Japan, the western coastal areas, especially in summers, are reported to be the high-risk regions. This is a rare case because it occurred in a city approximately 50 kilometers from both the Sea of Japan and the Pacific coast of Okayama, and at the end of October in 2011. Economic development and distribution systems have made it possible to transport various food products from coastal areas or abroad to any place in a short time, such that these infections can potentially develop in areas other than expected. We should be aware of the increasing risk of Vibrio vulnificus infection during any season and at any place, especially in patients with abnormal liver function. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HagiyaHideharu en-aut-sei=Hagiya en-aut-mei=Hideharu kn-aut-name=萩谷英大 kn-aut-sei=萩谷 kn-aut-mei=英大 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiotaSumiko en-aut-sei=Shiota en-aut-mei=Sumiko kn-aut-name=塩田澄子 kn-aut-sei=塩田 kn-aut-mei=澄子 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name=三好伸一 kn-aut-sei=三好 kn-aut-mei=伸一 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuroeYasutoshi en-aut-sei=Kuroe en-aut-mei=Yasutoshi kn-aut-name=黒江泰利 kn-aut-sei=黒江 kn-aut-mei=泰利 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NojimaHiroyoshi en-aut-sei=Nojima en-aut-mei=Hiroyoshi kn-aut-name=野島宏悦 kn-aut-sei=野島 kn-aut-mei=宏悦 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtaniShinkichi en-aut-sei=Otani en-aut-mei=Shinkichi kn-aut-name=大谷晋吉 kn-aut-sei=大谷 kn-aut-mei=晋吉 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=SugiyamaJunichi en-aut-sei=Sugiyama en-aut-mei=Junichi kn-aut-name=杉山淳一 kn-aut-sei=杉山 kn-aut-mei=淳一 aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=NaitoHiromichi en-aut-sei=Naito en-aut-mei=Hiromichi kn-aut-name=内藤宏道 kn-aut-sei=内藤 kn-aut-mei=宏道 aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawanishiSusumu en-aut-sei=Kawanishi en-aut-mei=Susumu kn-aut-name=川西進 kn-aut-sei=川西 kn-aut-mei=進 aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=HagiokaShingo en-aut-sei=Hagioka en-aut-mei=Shingo kn-aut-name=萩岡信吾 kn-aut-sei=萩岡 kn-aut-mei=信吾 aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorimotoNaoki en-aut-sei=Morimoto en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name=森本直樹 kn-aut-sei=森本 kn-aut-mei=直樹 aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=津山中央病院　救命救急センター affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=就実大学薬学部　病原微生物学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科　衛生微生物化学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=津山中央病院　救命救急センター affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=津山中央病院　救命救急センター affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=津山中央病院　救命救急センター affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=津山中央病院　救命救急センター affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=津山中央病院　救命救急センター affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=津山中央病院　救命救急センター affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=津山中央病院　救命救急センター affil-num=11 en-affil= kn-affil=津山中央病院　救命救急センター en-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus kn-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=48 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=4283 end-page=4286 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2010 dt-pub=201009 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Cholera Toxin Production by the El Tor Variant of Vibrio cholerae O1 Compared to Prototype El Tor and Classical Biotypes en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variant strains produced much more cholera toxin than did prototype El Tor strains. The amount of cholera toxin produced by El Tor variant strains both in vitro and in vivo was more or less equivalent to that produced by classical strains. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Ghosh-BanerjeeJ en-aut-sei=Ghosh-Banerjee en-aut-mei=J kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SenohM en-aut-sei=Senoh en-aut-mei=M kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiT en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=T kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamabataT en-aut-sei=Hamabata en-aut-mei=T kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=BarmanS en-aut-sei=Barman en-aut-mei=S kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KoleyH en-aut-sei=Koley en-aut-mei=H kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayA. K en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=A. K kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=RamamurthyT en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy en-aut-mei=T kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChatterjeeS en-aut-sei=Chatterjee en-aut-mei=S kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=AsakuraM en-aut-sei=Asakura en-aut-mei=M kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamasakiS en-aut-sei=Yamasaki en-aut-mei=S kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=NairG. B en-aut-sei=Nair en-aut-mei=G. B kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakedaY en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Y kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University affil-num=11 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University affil-num=12 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases affil-num=13 en-affil= kn-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=57 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=904 end-page=908 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2011 dt-pub=201105 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Inactivation of Vibrio vulnificus hemolysin through mutation of the N- or C-terminus of the lectin-like domain en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Vibrio vulnificus is an etiological agent causing serious systemic infections in the immunocompromised humans or cultured eels. This species commonly produces a hemolytic toxin consisting of the cytolysin domain and the lectin-like domain. For hemolysis, the lectin-like domain specifically binds to cholesterol in the erythrocyte membrane, and to form a hollow oligomer, the toxin is subsequently assembled on the membrane. The cytolysin domain is essential for the process to form the oligomer. Three-dimensional structure model revealed that two domains connected linearly and the C-terminus was located near to the joint of the domains. Insertion of amino acid residues between two domains was found to cause inactivation of the toxin. In the C-terminus, deletion, substitution or addition of an amino acid residue also elicited reduction of the activity. However, the cholesterol-binding ability was not affected by the mutations. These results suggest that mutation of the C- or N-terminus of the lectin-like domain may result in blockage of the toxin assembly. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=AbeYuki en-aut-sei=Abe en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SenohMitsutoshi en-aut-sei=Senoh en-aut-mei=Mitsutoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizunoTamaki en-aut-sei=Mizuno en-aut-mei=Tamaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaeharaYoko en-aut-sei=Maehara en-aut-mei=Yoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakaoHiroshi en-aut-sei=Nakao en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University en-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus kn-keyword=Vibrio vulnificus en-keyword=Hemolysin kn-keyword=Hemolysin en-keyword=Cell-free translation kn-keyword=Cell-free translation en-keyword=Site-directed mutagenesis kn-keyword=Site-directed mutagenesis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2010 dt-pub=20100605 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Emerging trends in the etiology of enteric pathogens as evidenced from an active surveillance of hospitalized diarrhoeal patients in Kolkata, India en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background: This study was conducted to determine the etiology of diarrhoea in a hospital setting in Kolkata. Active surveillance was conducted for 2 years on two random days per week by enrolling every fifth diarrhoeal patient admitted to the Infectious Diseases and Beliaghata General Hospital in Kolkata. Results: Most of the patients (76.1%) had acute watery diarrhoea in association with vomiting (77.7%) and some dehydration (92%). Vibrio cholerae O1, Rotavirus and Giardia lamblia were the important causes of diarrhoea. Among Shigella spp, S. flexneri 2a and 3a serotypes were most predominantly isolated. Enteric viruses, EPEC and EAEC were common in children <5 year age group. Atypical EPEC was comparatively higher than the typical EPEC. Multidrug resistance was common among V. cholerae O1 and Shigella spp including tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. Polymicrobial infections were common in all age groups and 27.9% of the diarrhoea patients had no potential pathogen. Conclusions: Increase in V. cholerae O1 infection among <2 years age group, resistance of V. cholerae O1 to tetracycline, rise of untypable S. flexnerii, higher proportion of atypical EPEC and G. lamblia and polymicrobial etiology are some of the emerging trends observed in this diarrhoeal disease surveillance. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NairGopinath Balakrish en-aut-sei=Nair en-aut-mei=Gopinath Balakrish kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=RamamurthyThandavarayan en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy en-aut-mei=Thandavarayan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=BhattacharyaMihir Kumar en-aut-sei=Bhattacharya en-aut-mei=Mihir Kumar kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KrishnanTriveni en-aut-sei=Krishnan en-aut-mei=Triveni kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=GangulySandipan en-aut-sei=Ganguly en-aut-mei=Sandipan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SahaDhira Rani en-aut-sei=Saha en-aut-mei=Dhira Rani kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=RajendranKrishnan en-aut-sei=Rajendran en-aut-mei=Krishnan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MannaByomkesh en-aut-sei=Manna en-aut-mei=Byomkesh kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=GhoshMrinmoy en-aut-sei=Ghosh en-aut-mei=Mrinmoy kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Keinosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakedaYoshifumi en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Yoshifumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Infectious Diseases and Beliaghata General Hospital affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=11 en-affil= kn-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, NICED END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=50 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=68 end-page=93 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1938 dt-pub=19380131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=?ber lokale Antik?rperbildung durch Knochenmarkimmunisierung. (I. Mitteilung) kn-title=骨髓局所免疫ニ依ル抗體産生ニ就テ(第1編) en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Um die Reaktionen bei Knochenmarkimmunisierung zu untersuchen, immunisierte Verfasser das Knochenmark von Kaninchen mit verschiedenem Antigen und untersuchte den zeitlichen Verlauf der Autik?rperbildung sowie die Ver?nderung des Blutbildes. Als korpuskul?re Antigene wurden H?hnerrote, Ziegenrote, Kolibazillen, Vibrio Metchnikoff und als l?sliche Antigene Rinderserum verwendet. Zur Immunisierung wurden die oben genannten zweierlei Antigene in das Knochenmark in grossen Dosen (0, 5cc) und auch in kleinen Mengen (0, 05cc) direkt in das Femur des Versuchkaninchens injiziert; als Kontrollversuch wurden die gleichen Injektionen intraven?s vorgenommen. 1) Antigennachweis bei Markinjektionen: Nach Rinderseruminjektion in das Knochenmark wurde der Antigenverlauf im Blut zeitlich untersucht. Das injizierte Antigen wurde schon nach 15 Minuten in gleicher Menge wie bei intraven?ser Injektion im Serum des Versuchtiers vorgefunden. Bei grosser Menge (0, 5cc pro Kilo) bleibt das Antigen etwas l?nger und bei kleiner Menge etwas kurzer im Blut als bei intravenoser Injektion. 2) H?moagglutininbildung durch Markinjektion: Nach direkter Markinjektion mit Huhnerrote in grosser Menge (0, 5cc 20% pro Kilo) sieht man st?rkere und auch etwas fruhere Antik?rperbildung (4-8mal) als bei intravenoser Injektion. Das Umgekehrte ist der Fall bei kleiner Antigeninjektion. 3) H?molysinbildung mit Ziegenrote: Bei Markinjektion tritt auch H?molysine im Blut des Versuchtiers bei grossen Injektionen fruher und st?rker (2mal) auf. 4) Bazillenagglutinin. (Kolibazillen): Mit grosser Antigeninjektion (0, 5cc pro Kilo Bazillenemulsion L?sen in 10cc Kochsalzl?sung) war Agglutinin 4mal so gross als bei der Kontrolle und Bazillenpr?cipitin 2, 5mal so gross. 5) Bakteriolysine. (Metchnikoff): Auch sieht man bei gr?sserer Bazilleninjektion direkt in das Mark verbesserte Bakteriolysinbildung 2, 5mal so stark als Kontrolle. 6) Serumpr?cipitin: Es steht durch direkte Seruminjektion in grosser Serummenge (0, 5cc pro Kilo) auch die Pr?cipitinbildung im gleichen Verh?ltnis wie bei obigen Versuchen (2, 5mal). 7) Blutbild: Bei Knochenmarkimmunisierung vermindern sich z?erst die Leukozyten und vermehren sich sp?ter wie bei der Kontrolle. Dabei entstehen im Blutbild wesentlichere Ver?nderungen als bei intraven?ser Injektion. Man sieht dabei eine relative Zuname der pseudeosinophilen Zellen und eine starke Linksverschiebung. Diese Ver?nderungen werden bei grosser Antigeninjektion sowohl bei korpuskul?ren als auch bei Serum-Antigen deutlicher beobachtet. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TokushigeI en-aut-sei=Tokushige en-aut-mei=I kn-aut-name=徳重一志 kn-aut-sei=徳重 kn-aut-mei=一志 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學衛生學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=53 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=1654 end-page=1681 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1941 dt-pub=19410831 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimentale Studien ?ber das Bakteriolysine (2. Mittejlnng) Baktericide Serumwirkung auf verschiedene Bakterienmenge kn-title=免疫反應ニ於ケル阻止帯現象ノ成立機轉ニ關スル研究（第2報）血清ノ殺菌力ト菌量トノ關係ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Verfasser berichtete in der 1. Mitteilung ?ber einen vorl?ufigen Versuch ?ber baktericide Serumwirkung bei bestimmter Bakterienmenge mit Normal- und Immunserum. Dabei suchte er die Entstehungsweise der Komplementablenkung nach eigenen Gesichtspunkten zu erkl?ren und behauptete, dass dieses Ph?nomen als eine Teilerscheinung von Mengenverh?ltnissen zwischen Antigen und Antik?rper anzusehen sei. Um diese Tatsache klar darzustellen, muss man eine grosse Versuchsreihe von Bakteriolysen anstellen, bei der man die Hemmungszone bei Antik?rper?berschuss (Pro Zone), die Positivzone bei geelgneter Antik?rpermenge gegen bestimmte Bakterienmenge (Bindungszone), und die zweite negative Zone bei Antik?rpermangel (Postzone) aus der Kolonienzahl beobachten kann. In dieser Mitteilung pr?fte er weiter noch eingehend diese Beziehung zwischen Antigen und Antik?rperbindung und konnte die Entstehungsweise der Komplementablenkung bei Bakteriolse klar darstellen. Das Immunserum von Vibrio Metchnikoff wurde absteigend mit Kochsalzl?sung verd?nnt und Bakterienemulsion, Komplement und ein Tr?pfchen von Bouillon hinzugef?gt. Nach 2 st?ndiger Digerierung bei 37°C wurde diesen Gemisch in die Petrische Schale eingegossen und die Kolonienzahl an den folgenden Tagen genau gezahlt. Als Bakterienmenge ben?tzte er 4 erlei Bakterienemulsionen, eine grosse Menge (500,000), mittelgrosse (50,000), kleine (5,000) und minimale (500) in 0,5cc physiologischer Kochsalzl?sung. Als Komplement wurde beim ersten Versuch normalerweise 0,5cc von 10 oder 5 fach verd?nntem Meerschweinchenserum und beim zweiten Versuch je nach der Bakterienmenge parallel verd?nnt benutzt. Bei diesem Versuch fand er eine Verschiebung der oben genannten 3 Zonen bei demselben Serum je nach den Bakterienmengen, z. B. die geeignete Immunserumverd?nnung (Bindungszone) zur Bakterienabt?tung gegen grosse Bakterienmenge zeigt 1:50 Verd?nnung, gegen mittelgrosse 1:500, gegen kleine 1:5.000, gegen minimale 1:50,000-100,000. Die Komplementablenkung (Prozone) verh?lt sich wie, 1:1-10, 1:1-25, 1:1-10, 1:10-50. Wenn man die Komplementmenge je nach Bakterienmenge parallel verd?nnt, so sieht man noch klarer Zonenerscheinungen Bindungszone: 1:50, 1:500, 1:5,000, 1:50,000 und die Hemmungszone 1:1, 1:10, 1:100, 1:50., (Siehe Tabelle 1 und 2). Diese Zonenerscheinung zeigt bei allen Serumarten das eigentliche Bild entsprechend der Immunk?rpermenge. Bei sch wach immunisiertem Serum wird diese Zonenerscheinuug ziemlich undeutlich, doch konnte Verfasser bei Normalserum durch Bakterienmengenverminderung des Zonenph?nomen nachweisen. Um dieses Ph?nomen kurz darzustellen, gab er folgende Formeln in bezug auf Mengenverh?ltnisse zwischen Bakterien und Bakteriolysine. Bakterienmenge: Bakteriolysine, = k (Bindungszone) Bakterienmenge: Bakteriolysine, < k (Komplementablenkung Prozonen). Bakterienmenge: Bakteriolysine, > k (Postnegative Zonen). en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KosakaSumiji en-aut-sei=Kosaka en-aut-mei=Sumiji kn-aut-name=小坂澄治 kn-aut-sei=小坂 kn-aut-mei=澄治 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學衛生學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=53 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=1624 end-page=1653 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1941 dt-pub=19410831 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimentale Studien ?ber das Bakteriolysine (I. Mitteilung) ?ber die Komplementablenkung bei Bakteriolysine kn-title=免疫反應ニ於ケル阻止帯現象ノ成立機轉ニ關スル研究（第1報）補體轉向現象ノ成立機轉ニ關シテ發表セラレタル諸説ニ對スル批判 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Es wurde schon durch viele Autoren das Hemmungsph?nomen bei Antik?rper?berschuss best?tigt und besonders bei Bakteriolysine als Neisser-Wechsbergsches Ph?nomen angenommen. Doch gibt es viele Meinungsverschiedenheit ?ber die Entstehungsweise dieser interessanten Erscheinungen. Daher untersuchte Verfasser gr?ndlich die baktericide Wirkung des Normal-und Immunserums von Kaninchen, wobei letzteres mit Metchinikoffvibrionen auf verschiedene Weise vorbehandelte wurde. 1) Es ist n?tig ein Tr?pfchen Bouillon bei diesem Versuch zuzusetzen, um Vibrio Metchinikoff bei Nachkultm noch stark wachsen zu lassen, weil es im Kochsalzmedium bei der baktericiden Probe nur durch Ern?hrungsmangel zu Grunde geht. 2) Trotz verschiedener Immunisierungsweise, wie intraven?s, intraperitoneal, intracutan oder subcutan fand Verfasser immer bei schwach verd?nntem Sesumteil je nach der Antik?rpermenge das Hemmungsph?nomen. a) Auf dieses Hemmungsph?nomeu folgt durch den wirksamen Serumteil die Bakterienabt?tnng. 15 Minuten Digerierung gen?gen f?r diese baktericide Serumwirkung bei Bakterien, Immnnserum und Komplement im 37C° Brutofen, weil man bei Digerierung von 15 Minuten bis 3 Stunden immer die Hemmungszone und wirksame Zone sieht. b) Die baktericide Serumwirkung und das Hemmungsph?nomen schwanken je nach verschiedener Injektionsweise und Injektionsmenge. Um ein wirksames Immunserum zu bekommen, mass man eine gen?gende Bakterienmenge durch intraven?se Injektion herstellen. Es gibt in bezug auf Bakteriolysinbildung bei Versuchstieren keinen grossen Unterschied zwischen lebendigen oder abgetoteten Bakterien. c) Als Komplement erh?lt man auch dieselbe Wirkung mit Meerschweinchen und Kaninchenserum. 3) Die Wirkung des normalen, nicht immunisierten Kaninchenserums ist schlechter als die des Immunserums, weil die Antik?rpermenge sehr gering ist, doch erhielt Verfasser das Komplementablenkungsph?nomen im sehr schwach verd?nnten Serumteil aus der Kolonienzahl. 4) Die Komplementwirkung erfolgt beim Bakteriolysinversuch sekund?r als Immunk?rperwirkung, daher ergibt sich kein grosser Unterschied zwischen 10 bis 100 facher Verd?nnung von Meerschweinchenserum. Dies gilt auch f?r normale Bakteriolysine. 5) Gibt man nach der Digerierung erst Immunserum und Komplement und dann Bakterien hinzu oder nach der Digerierung erst Immunserum und Bakterien und dann das Komplement, so ergibt sich merkw?rdigerweise gegen?ber der normalen Digerierungsweise kein Unterschied in bezug auf das Resultat, weil im beinahe das gleiche Hemmungsph?nomen im schwach verdunnten Serumteil und im baktericiden Serumteil bei demselben Immunserum auftritt. Aus diesem Versuch kann man vorliegende Angaben ausschliessen; die Entstehung der Hemmungszone durch die Bindung zwischen Antik?rper?berschuss und Komplement oder durch Agglutination mit Immunk?rperwirkung auf Bakterien. Daher untersuchte Verfasser n?her die Beziehung zwischen Antik?rpermenge und Bakterienmenge bei diesem interessanten Ph?nomen und wird noch ausf?hrlicher als bei den vorliegenden Versuchen in den folgenden Mitteilungen berichten. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KosakaSumiji en-aut-sei=Kosaka en-aut-mei=Sumiji kn-aut-name=小坂澄治 kn-aut-sei=小坂 kn-aut-mei=澄治 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學衛生學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=12-1 article-no= start-page=8003 end-page=8016 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19591120 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Amino Acids Metabolism of Vibrio Cholera kn-title=コレラ菌のアミノ酸代謝について第1篇 発育に於けるN源, C源の影響 第2篇 静止菌のアミノ酸代謝 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Part I Effet of N and C-sources on Growth, of Vibrio Cholera Using the 3 strains of Vibrio cholera as test organisms, the original strain (INABA's strain), the intermediate variant strain (HIKOZIMA's strain) and the variant strain (OGAWA's strain), the author studied the effect of N- and C-sources on growth of these microorganisms, and obtained the following results. 1) The intermediate variant strain could be cultured by serial transfers on the madia containing glutamate as N-source and did not need other C-source or vitamins for its growth. While the other 2 strains, the original and the variant strains, could not be cultred successfully without the addition of yest extract into the media. Also these 2 strains could be cultured by serial transfers on the media containing peptone or casein hydrolysate instead of yeast extract, but failed to grow on the madia containing some dozen species of amino acids. 2) An acceleration effect on growth of the microorganisms was not so remarkable as in the case of other bacteria by the addition of C-sources except lactate. Although the addition of lactate showed the acceleration effect fairly well, contrarily that of glucose acted rather inhibitory on the growth. This evidence was possibly arisen from a decrease of pH of the media being caused by the oxidation of glucose. Part 2 Amino Acids Metabolism of Resting Cells Using the 3 strains of Vibrio chlera as in the preceding paper, Part I, the author studied on the oxidation and the convertion of amino acids by these microorganisms and obtained the following results. 1) All the microorganisms tested showed an accelerated O2-uptake at the expense of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and cysteine as substrate; but showed rather small O(2)-uptake at the other amino acids. 2) The optimum pH was found to be at about 7.0 on the oxidation of aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine. And the amino acids mentioned here were oxidized through deamination at the pH ranging 5.0 to 8.0. 3) The convertion of the amino acids from these mentioned above to the others was carried out more successfully by these microorganisms compared with the other. 4) Concerns about the fate of oysteine, it was supposed this amino acid would be undergone in the first place a deamination and a desulfhydration resulting in pyruvate. 5) Though tryptophanase activity was observed to some extent on the bacterial cells harvested from media just before test, the activity was raised adaptatively by the shaking of the resting cell suspension in the presence of tryptophane. However, this adaptation of microorganisms was inhibited with the addition of glucose. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NakaoYasuo en-aut-sei=Nakao en-aut-mei=Yasuo kn-aut-name=中尾保郎 kn-aut-sei=中尾 kn-aut-mei=保郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=12-1 article-no= start-page=7977 end-page=7987 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19591120 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Oxidation of Glncose by Vibrio Cholera kn-title=コレラ菌のグルコース酸化について 第1篇 発育菌及び静止菌のグルコース酸化 第2篇 グルコースを加えて振盪した静止菌の酵素活性 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Part I. Oxidation of Glucose by Growing and Resting Cells Using the 3 strains of Vibrio cholera, original strain (INABA's strain), intermediate variant strain (HIKOZIMA's strain) and variant strain (OGAWA's strain), the author carried out the study on the oxidation of glucose by growing cells and stoichiometry of the glucose oxidation by the resting cells. The following results were obtained. 1) By an addition of glucose to the liquid media of which main constituent was peptone, a fair acceleration of cell growth was observed at the early stage of culture. But the growth tended to decrease aud the cells became to be die fairly early stage with time of cultnre. This was snpposedly due to the deorease of pH of media resulting from oxidation of glucose. 2) On the growing cells pyruvate and lactate were accumulated in fairly large amount as metabolite of glucose. A large amount of accumulated metabolite was also found on organism cultured by shaking. 3) Further oxidation of glucose beyond pyruvate was carried out more smoothly on the resting cells of shaking cultured organism than on the resting cells of still-standing cultured organism. And there was no difference on the oxidatien pathway of glucose on resting cells by either cultures, shaking or still-standing. 4) The oxidation pathway of glucose up to pyruvate was supposedly somewhat differnt on the variant strain compared with other 2 strains. Part II Enzyme Activity of Resting Cells Shaken with Glucose Using the 3 strains of vibrio cholera as in the previous paper, part I, the auther studied the enzyme activity of resting cells that were previously shaken with additien of glucose into its cell suspension. The enzyme activity was evaluated by mesurement of O(2) uptake with conventional Wardurg technique. The following results were obtained. 1) It was found a marked decrease of O(2) uptake on the resting cells, which were previously shaken with addition of glusose, washed and resuspended into buffer solution. This fact supposed to be due to the inactivation of enzyme system of the cells resulting from decrease of pH by glucose oxidation. 2) A prolanged shaking of the cells with glucose did not render an inactivation of enzyme system at all. Also no inactivestion was found on the cell shaken as above and washed with glucose added buffer. Hence, it could be postulated that the enzyme acyivity was kept fairly stable even in a low pH solution so far as the enzyme was present with substrate like glucose, and that the activity tended to be lost as substrate was taken off. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MoriMasamori en-aut-sei=Mori en-aut-mei=Masamori kn-aut-name=森正守 kn-aut-sei=森 kn-aut-mei=正守 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=64 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=163 end-page=170 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2010 dt-pub=201006 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Passive Oral Immunization by Egg Yolk Immunoglobulin (IgY) to Vibrio cholerae Effectively Prevents Cholera en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In an attempt to prepare egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) to treat and prevent cholera, hens were immunized by a mixture of heat- or formalin-killed Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 organisms, or by the recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (CTB). The IgYs were partially purified from egg yolk and orally administered to suckling mice before or after challenge with live O1 or O139 cells. The anti-O1 and O139 IgYs and the mixture of either IgY with anti-CTB IgY significantly protected the occurrence of cholera caused by both O1 and O139 infection. Since large amounts of IgY can be prepared very easily and at low cost, this seems to be a useful procedure for preventing and treating cholera. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HiraiKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Hirai en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ArimitsuHideyuki en-aut-sei=Arimitsu en-aut-mei=Hideyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=UmedaKoji en-aut-sei=Umeda en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YokotaKenji en-aut-sei=Yokota en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShenLianhua en-aut-sei=Shen en-aut-mei=Lianhua kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=AyadaKiyoshi en-aut-sei=Ayada en-aut-mei=Kiyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KodamaYoshikatsu en-aut-sei=Kodama en-aut-mei=Yoshikatsu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsujiTakao en-aut-sei=Tsuji en-aut-mei=Takao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiraiYoshikazu en-aut-sei=Hirai en-aut-mei=Yoshikazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=OgumaKeiji en-aut-sei=Oguma en-aut-mei=Keiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Immunology Research Institute, GHEN Corporation affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Immunology Research Institute, GHEN Corporation affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Division of Infection and Immunuity, Jichi Medical School affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae en-keyword=O1 kn-keyword=O1 en-keyword=O139 kn-keyword=O139 en-keyword=IgY kn-keyword=IgY END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=44 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=887 end-page=893 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=200412 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Generation of active fragments from human zymogens in the bradykinin-generating cascade by extracellular proteases from Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen causing septicemia, and the infection is characterized by formation of the edematous skin lesions on limbs. This pathogenic species secretes a thermolysin-like metalloprotease as a virulence determinant. The metalloprotease was confirmed to activate human factor XII-plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade that results in liberation of bradykinin, a chemical mediator enhancing the vascular permeability, from high-molecular weight kininogen. Namely, the metalloprotease showed to generate active fragments by cleavage of Arg-Ile, Arg-Val or Gly-Leu peptide bond in human zymogens (plasma prekallikrein and factor XII). In spite of induction of the sufficient vascular permeability-enhancing and edema-forming reaction in the guinea pig model, a serine protease from V. parahaemolyticus, a human pathogen causing primarily watery diarrhea, showed far less ability to activate and to cleave the human zymogens. These results in part may explain why only V. vulnificus often causes serious edematous skin damages in humans.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeHirofumi en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Hirofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawaseTomoka en-aut-sei=Kawase en-aut-mei=Tomoka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadaHidenori en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Hidenori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShinodaSumio en-aut-sei=Shinoda en-aut-mei=Sumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=vibrio vulnificus kn-keyword=vibrio vulnificus en-keyword=vibrio parahaemolyticus kn-keyword=vibrio parahaemolyticus en-keyword=protease kn-keyword=protease en-keyword=factor XII kn-keyword=factor XII en-keyword=plasma prekallikrein kn-keyword=plasma prekallikrein END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=36 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=117 end-page=123 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=20043 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=High growing ability of Vibrio vulnificus biotype 1 is essential for production of a toxic metalloprotease causing systemic diseases in humans en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Vibrio vulnificus biotype 1, a causative agent of fatal septicemia or wound infection in humans, is known to produce a toxic metalloprotease as an important virulence determinant. V. vulnificus biotype 2 (serovar E), a primary eel pathogen, was found to elaborate an extracellular metalloprotease that was indistinguishable from that of biotype 1. The potential of V. vulnificus biotype 1 for production of the metalloprotease was compared with biotype 2 and other human non-pathogenic Vibrio species (Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio proteolyticus). When cultivated at 25degreesC in tryptone-yeast extract broth supplemented with 0.9% NaCl, all bacteria multiplied sufficiently and secreted significant amounts of the metalloprotease. However, at 37degreesC with 0.9% NaCl, V. anguillarum neither grew nor produced the metalloprotease. In human serum, only V. vulnificus biotype 1 revealed a steady multiplication accompanied with production of the extracellular metalloprotease. This prominent ability of biotype 1 in growth and protease production may contribute to cause serious systemic diseases in humans.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WatanabeHirofumi en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Hirofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawaseTomoka en-aut-sei=Kawase en-aut-mei=Tomoka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TomochikaKen-ichi en-aut-sei=Tomochika en-aut-mei=Ken-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShinodaSumio en-aut-sei=Shinoda en-aut-mei=Sumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univeristy affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=vibrio vulnificus kn-keyword=vibrio vulnificus en-keyword=metalloprotease kn-keyword=metalloprotease en-keyword=protease kn-keyword=protease END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=40 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=45 end-page=53 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1986 dt-pub=198602 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Augmentation of natural killer activity by neuraminidase treatment of lymphocytes from tumor-bearing mice. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice showed decreased natural killer (NK) activity and decreased binding to target cells with progression of the tumor. Treatment of spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN) increased the cytotoxicity to a level twice or more as high as that of untreated cells, but the same treatment of spleen cells from normal mice had no or little effect. On the other hand, neither in spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice nor in those from normal mice, the VCN treatment had no effect on their binding to M-HeLa cells. The suppression of NK activity by preincubation with serum from tumor-bearing mice or prostaglandin E2 was completely abolished by VCN treatment. The above results indicate that VCN treatment of lymphocytes might augment NK activity by an antagonistic effect against an immune suppressive factor.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OnoMinoru en-aut-sei=Ono en-aut-mei=Minoru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaNoriaki en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Noriaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=NK cell kn-keyword=NK cell en-keyword=neuraminidase kn-keyword=neuraminidase en-keyword=tumor-bearing serum kn-keyword=tumor-bearing serum en-keyword=target-binding cell kn-keyword=target-binding cell en-keyword= MH-134 hepatoma. kn-keyword= MH-134 hepatoma. END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2010 dt-pub=20100325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=ビブリオ・ミミカスの病原性に関する研究：溶血毒素の病原性への関与およびプロテアーゼの新奇調節因子 kn-title=Studies on the roles of Vibrio mimicus hemolysin in pathogenecity and a novel regulator to V. mimicus protease en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=李涛 kn-aut-sei=李 kn-aut-mei=涛 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2010 dt-pub=20100325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=コレラ菌に対するニワトリ抗体の受動免疫は、コレラを効果的に予防する kn-title=Passive Oral Immunization by Egg Yolk Immunoglobulin (IgY) to Vibrio cholerae Effectively Prevents Cholera en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HiraiKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Hirai en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name=平井一行 kn-aut-sei=平井 kn-aut-mei=一行 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=2553 end-page=2567 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19580731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Immune Reactions with Various Extracts of Vibrio comma 1) Hemolysis of the Red Cells Treated with the Extracts of Vibrio comma 2) Precipitation with the Extracts of Vibrio comma 3) Inhibitory Action of the Extracts of Vibrio comma on the Hemagglutination by Influenza virus kn-title=コレラ菌体抽出物質の免疫学的諸反応の研究 1） コレラ菌体抽出物質処置赤血球の溶血反応 2） コレラ菌体抽出物質による沈降反応 3） コレラ菌体抽出物質によるインフルエンザ・ウイルスの赤血球凝集に対する阻止現象 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Under various conditions and by various methods, various fractions were extracted from cells of Vibrio comma. The hemolysis and the precipitation were tried with these fractions, and, at the same time, their inhibitory action on the hemagglutination by influenza virus was also studied. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Used as the antigen of hemagglutination, these fractions showed a type specificity, but the appearance and titer of the reaction varied to some extent with the strains of used Vibrio comma. Of all the fractions tested, only the crude nucleoprotein and Boivin's substance showed a significant antigenicity. 2) Used as the precipitinogen, the crude nucleoprotein and polysaccharide showed the most significant result, and Boivin's substance the next. The other fractions were unfit for use. These fractions, the nucleoprotein, the polysaccharide and the Boivin's substance, showed no noticeable variation of strains, but had a clear type specigicity; this fact suggests that these fractions are of practical value in the precipitation. 3) The nucleoprotein or Boivin's substance (endotoxin) rather than Julianelle's substance (polysaccharide) showed a inhibitory action on the hemagglutination by influenza virus. This hemagglutination inhibition was, however, proved to be of no type specificity. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OhnishiHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Ohnishi en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name=大西弘之 kn-aut-sei=大西 kn-aut-mei=弘之 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=41 end-page=45 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Inhibitory Action of Animal Organ Emulsions to Hemagglutination by Influenza Virus U: The Mechanism of the Hemagglutination Inhibition by Organ Emulsions kn-title=動物臓器乳剤に依るインフルエンザ・ウイルスの血球凝集阻止反応に関する研究 第二編 乳剤に依る血球凝集阻止反応の機作について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The author studied the mechanism of hemagglutination inhibition by organ emulsions in comparison with that of the culture media filtrate of cholera vibrio. The results are briefly summarized as follows: 1) The hemagglutination-inhibiting substance in organ emulsions acts directly on the virus. 2) The culture media filtrate of cholera vibrio inhibits the hemagglutination by acting on red cells. 3) Organ emulsions had no effect on the mouse-infectivity of influenza virus. 4) By still standing at 37℃ for 2 hours, the viruses adsorbed on organ substance refloat out. The inactivated viruses, however, do not float out by this procedure. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FukushimaSatoshi en-aut-sei=Fukushima en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name=福島里志 kn-aut-sei=福島 kn-aut-mei=里志 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=72 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=1209 end-page=1221 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1960 dt-pub=19600330 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the Effect of the Various Extracts In the Course of Infection with Infectious Hepatitis Virus. I) The Effect of the Various Bacterial Extracts II) The Effect of the Organ Extracts of the Animal kn-title=流行性肝炎ウイルス感染過程に及ぼす諸種抽出物質の影響について (I) 細菌性抽出物質の影響 (II) 動物臓器抽出物質の影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The influence of the various extracts of various bacteria and organs of animals on the infections aspect of hepatitis virus was studied by the histopathological findings in the inoculated mice. According to the results of experiments, some extracts showed inhibitory action and someone revealed promoting effect, but also others were no influence on the course of infection. It was nucleic acid and nucleo protein that were extracted from cholera vibrio which was inhibitory effect. The Proteins which were extracted from Typhoid bacillus showed raising effect on the sensitivity of the mouse against the infectious hepatitis virus. It will be found more effective substances which have inhibitory action, if further studies are performed on the other various substances. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakahashiManabu en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Manabu kn-aut-name=高橋学 kn-aut-sei=高橋 kn-aut-mei=学 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=72 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=95 end-page=108 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19591230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effect of Immune Serum on the the Enzyme Activity of Vibrio Cholera kn-title=コレラ菌の酵素活性に対する免疫血清の影響 第1編 O2消費に対する免疫血清及び補体の影響 第2編 溶菌にともなう酵素活性の変化 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Part I Effect of Immune Serum and Complement on O(2) Uptake Using the 3 strains of Vibrio cholera, original strain (INABA's strain), intermediate variant strain (HIKOZIMA's strain) and variant strain (OGAWA's strain), the author studied the effect of immune serum and complement on O(2)uptake of the resting cells of these microorganism. Immune serum was added into the resting cell suspension, in which complement was added in an experiment and was not in another experiment, in a various concentration with substrate. And obtained the following results 1) With absence of complement O(2) uptake was inhibited to a slight degree by the addition of immune serum. The inhibition was increased. carrespondingly with the concentration of the serum This findings was supposedly due to the agglutination of bacteria by the action of the immune serum. 2) In the presence of complement, O(2) uptake was also inhibited by the addition of immune serum; especially, strongly inhibited at a low concentration of that, i.e. in dilutions of 1:300-1:400. The inhibition was supposed to be arisen from the lesion on the cells being to be bacteriolysis shertly after that. Part U Enzyme Activities Affectad by Bacteriolysis Using the 3 strains of Vibrio cholera as in the part I, the author observed the changes on the enzyme activities of the bacterial cells by affecting the cells by means of suspension into various media or immune reaction. The following results were obtained. 1) The enzyme activities were not so decreased by the washing of the cells with saline added phosphate buffer. But the activities and the numbers of surviving cells were markedly decreased in the case of the washing with saline unadded phosphate buffer, saline solution or distilled water. 2) The enzyme activities were decrealed proportionally to the affection time of immune serum and complement, and eventually qacteriolysis occured. This finding was most distinctive in dilutions of 1:100-1:300 of serum. 3) The decrease of oxidation capacity by bacteriolysis was differ in the substrate oxydized. That was very prominient in the case of glucose, pyruvate and aspartate, while that was rather slight at the oxidation of lactate, succinate and cysteine, and the presence of the oxidation capacities was also found in the centrifuged supernatant of bacteriolysed cells. 4) The deaminative and the desulfhydrative abilities for cysteine were retained after the lysis of bacteria, but these for formation of indol were not found at that state. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkadaToyozi en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Toyozi kn-aut-name=岡田豊二 kn-aut-sei=岡田 kn-aut-mei=豊二 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=78 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=677 end-page=682 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1966 dt-pub=19660630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=エル・トール・ビブリオ鞭毛の構造 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this experiment it was possible to observe structure of the flagella of El Tor vibrio. Namely, in the observation of the flagella of El Tor vibrio being cultured on alkaline nutrient agar there can be observed a sheath surrounding the core, but morphologically it is quite unstable, revealing swollen sheathed parts due to autolysis and nonsheathed parts exposing the core. It has also be clarified that two kinds of the flagella, big and slender, sometimes observable are the big ones with intact sheath and the smaller ones that have lost their sheath and the core being exposed. The core in sometime is found enlarged in places showing bumps in several portions but it has been demonstrated to be morphologically very stable. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TawaraJutaro en-aut-sei=Tawara en-aut-mei=Jutaro kn-aut-name=俵寿太郎 kn-aut-sei=俵 kn-aut-mei=寿太郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2007 dt-pub=20070930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Vibrio cholerae non-O1の多剤排出ポンプの遺伝子クローニングと生化学的解析 kn-title=Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of the multidrug efflux pumps in Vibrio cholerae non-O1 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Md.Mushfequr Rahman en-aut-sei=Md. en-aut-mei=Mushfequr Rahman kn-aut-name=モハマドムシフェクル ラーマン kn-aut-sei=モハマド kn-aut-mei=ムシフェクル ラーマン aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2007 dt-pub=20070323 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Vibrio vulnificus溶血毒素の分子生物学的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SenoMitsutoshi en-aut-sei=Seno en-aut-mei=Mitsutoshi kn-aut-name=妹尾充敏 kn-aut-sei=妹尾 kn-aut-mei=充敏 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=3 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=87 end-page=91 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1993 dt-pub=19930131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=A Tendency of the Bacterial Food-Poisoning from 1981 to 1991 kn-title=1981から1991年間における細菌性食中毒の動向 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=From the viewpoint of the tendency by the bacterial food-poisoning from 1981 to 1991, it seems that the tendency is not relatively changed in comparison with the data before 1981. However, a few changes are appeared in pathogenic substances, preparing facilities, and serving places, respectively. Namely, the tendency to be just little decrease of the incident rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus on pathogenic substances is appeared in 10 years. Furthermore, on the preparing facilities and serving places, it seems that restaurants and caterers are characterized by the increase of the incident rate of bacterial food poisonings togather with the increases of food service industries. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AkatsukaKazuya en-aut-sei=Akatsuka en-aut-mei=Kazuya kn-aut-name=赤塚和也 kn-aut-sei=赤塚 kn-aut-mei=和也 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医療技術短期大学部衛生技術学科 en-keyword=食中毒 kn-keyword=食中毒 en-keyword=Vibrio parahaemolyticus kn-keyword=Vibrio parahaemolyticus en-keyword=Staphylococcus aureus kn-keyword=Staphylococcus aureus en-keyword=Esherichia coli kn-keyword=Esherichia coli en-keyword=魚介類 kn-keyword=魚介類 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2006 dt-pub=20060930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=ビブリオ・ミミカスが備えるビブリオ・ハーベイ様のクォーラム・センシング系 kn-title=Presence of Vibrio harveyi-like quorum-sensing system in Vibrio mimicus: LuxO controls protease activity en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=SyedzafarSultan kn-aut-sei=Syedzafar kn-aut-mei=Sultan aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=20040930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Vibrio mimicusの鉄獲得系に関する分子遺伝学的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=文瑛華 kn-aut-sei=文 kn-aut-mei=瑛華 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1994 dt-pub=19940325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Vibrio vulnificus の産生する溶血毒素に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=呉銀w kn-aut-sei=呉 kn-aut-mei=銀w aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1996 dt-pub=19960325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Vibrio属菌および Acinetobacter属菌の産生する鉄輸送キレート剤(Siderophore) に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=奥城法之 kn-aut-sei=奥城 kn-aut-mei=法之 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2001 dt-pub=20010930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Vibrio mimicusに関する分子疫学的基礎研究 kn-title=Fundamental studies on molecular epidemiology of Vibrio mimicus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=畢克維 kn-aut-sei=畢 kn-aut-mei=克維 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2003 dt-pub=20030325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Vibrio vulnificus における外因性シデロフｫアの利用とFe3+ -エロバクチンの取込みに関与する遺伝子の解析 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=阿蘓寛明 kn-aut-sei=阿蘓 kn-aut-mei=寛明 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=19950325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=腸炎ビブリオN a+/ガラクトース(グルコース)輸送系の性質および構造 kn-title=Properties and structure of Na+/galactose (glucose) transport system of Vibrio parahaemolyticus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MdRafiquel kn-aut-sei=Md kn-aut-mei=Rafiquel aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2002 dt-pub=20020325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Vibrio cholerae non-O1の多剤排出ポンプの解析 kn-title=Molecular genetic analysis and biochemical characterization of multidrug efflux pumps in Vibrio cholerae non-O1 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MdNazmul Huda kn-aut-sei=Md kn-aut-mei=Nazmul Huda aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2002 dt-pub=20020325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=瀬戸内海におけるVibrio parahaemolyticusの潜在的病原株の環境調査 kn-title=Environmental investigation of potentially pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=AlamMd. Jahangir kn-aut-sei=Alam kn-aut-mei=Md. Jahangir aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2000 dt-pub=20000325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Vibrio mimicusの病原因子の分布に関する分子生物学的研究 kn-title=Molecular biological studies on distribution of pathogenic factors of Vibrio mimicus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=石磊 kn-aut-sei=石 kn-aut-mei=磊 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1990 dt-pub=19900328 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=病原性海洋細菌 Vibrio vulnificus の産生する溶血毒素 (hemolysin) に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=山中浩泰 kn-aut-sei=山中 kn-aut-mei=浩泰 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1991 dt-pub=19910328 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, Vibrio 属の生態ならびに Vibrio mimicus の病原性に関する研究 kn-title=StudIes on the ecology of Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, and Vibrio with special emphasis on pathogenic potentials of Vibrio mimicus. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=モハメドアフザルー kn-aut-sei=モハメド kn-aut-mei=アフザルー aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1997 dt-pub=19970325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Vibrio mimicusおよびVibrio fluvialisの病原因子の遺伝学的研究 kn-title=Genetical studies on some pathogenic factors of Vibrio mimicus and Vibrio fluvialis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MdMonzur Mahfuzul Rahman kn-aut-sei=Md kn-aut-mei=Monzur Mahfuzul Rahman aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1996 dt-pub=19960325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Vibrio mimicus の腸管付着に寄与する赤血球凝集因子に関する研究 kn-title=Studies on the hemaqqlutinins mediating intestinal adherence of Vibrio mimicus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=AlamMunirul kn-aut-sei=Alam kn-aut-mei=Munirul aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END