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Generally, of all the visceras, the ovary is the commonest place for cyst-formation, and the majority of all the ovarial cysts are multilocular pseudomucinous forms. Lieppert states that it occupied 53.6% and by Stubler and Branders, 30.6% and by Pfannestiel, ca. 2/3 of all the ovarial cyst. ･ In many cases, it is one sided (ca. 90%) and moreover is pedunculated, and as the epitherial proliferarion of the tumor is almost unlimitedly repeated and so it is, indeed, possible to become a wonderful size. We have never seen any other tumor which can grow so large like the ovarial pseudomucinous tumor. Therefore, when I consider the reason that, even now, we sometimes meet with a gigantic ovarial cyst like these, considering from the side of patient, I can cite the following facts ; first : the extreme terror of surgical operation, second : they have been left behind in the march of progress of civilization, and third : the poverty of their family, etc. In my cases, all the patients are either country people living far off from the civilized city, or those disliked the operation, and on the other side, the wrong diagnosis of the doctor and the midwife, which took it for pregnancy. These facts should be also considered in connection with it. Probably it may not be an error to attribute one of these reasons in Case 1. Such a monstrous tumor looks as if it occupies the whole abdorninal cavity and it extremely presses the abdominal visceras and diaphragma. The Kaufmanns case mentioned previously shows that the height of its diaphragma is in the Ist intercostal space in the left side and the 4th rib at the right. Consequently the thoracic visceras are also pressed and causes some trouble in the heart and lungs. These disorders are, however, gradually recovered after removal of the cyst, as all of my cases have proved. The carrier of the head and extremities are rather the appendages of the tumor. Still the patient becomes very thin and her face characteristically shows the so-called "" Facies ovarica "" which is quite different from cachexy, but a similarity of feature is observed in those who are suffering from the said disease and it appears as if they are related each other. The development of the cyst is generally very slow but its monstrous one is rapidly enlarged at certain period. It appears at any age, old or young, mostly between 20 and 50, and especially Mainzer, Olshausen and the author have reported cases of very aged woman. The size of cyst varies from the very small to the marvellous monster one and it is not infrequently reported as mentioned before that the weight of cyst exceeds the body-weight. The gigantic cyst, of course, interrupts pregnancy, delivery and puerperium. The monstrous cyst consists of the so-called a large main chamber and many small accessory chambers and some are very tense in consistence. It, is mostly spherical in shape and all of my cases are like irregular gourd which is generally seen in literature. The surface of cyst is generally white-pearty, glittering appearance, but following the alteration of the content, of each chamber, its surface changes to yellow, black and yellowish-brown or dark red-color. The contents of the cysts are changeable ; sometimes are very diluted serous or mucinous but generally thick mucous and frequently become very viscid. The monstrous cyst posseses various substances secondarily. As to the constitution of the contents, Scherer and Eichwald ever said that it consists of paralbumin and metalbumin but as a matter of fact there exists no albumin. Hammarsten named it pseudomucin, illustrating from his view point ; Pfannenstiel noted that it is not so simple substance and Mizukoff proved the existence of paramucin. Histologically the lumen of cyst is lined by a single layer of irregularly arranged cylindric epithelium having nuclei and glittering protoplasmas that lie at the bases of the cells and they quite resemble to the germinal epithelium of the intestine. Lahm reported that there are rarely seen the dark black colored spots on the inner surface of the cyst lumen and these are consisted of the cells which contained lipoidofuchsin-group-pigments. No particularity was noticed in my cases. There are also found various secondary changes in ca. 60% of all the cases. The torsion is said to occur in from 10 to 20% of cases, and sometimes it fil]ally goes to the resection of the peduncle. The rupture of cyst-wall is not so infrequent and it results the seed-metastasis of the benign tumor of same kind. Metastasis after removal of the cyst is very rare but Olshausen and Baumgarten reported the benign metastasis in the parietal cicatrix and Schrader and Polano, the malignant metastasis. The perforation of cyst to the adjacent viscera is very infrequent Hemorrhage, infection, suppuration and calcareous infiltration are sometimes observed. Again, the complication of pregnancy also cannot be excepted and this is also seen as that of dermoidcyst but its occurrence is ca. 2%. Pfannenstiel marked that pseudomucinous cyst is frequently combined with the dermoidcyst. It is, however, infrequent (4- 5%) from the stand point of my experience and I can not agree with the view that the cyst-formation of dermoidcyst is proliferated from the pseudomucinous cyst. The most frequent occurrence in the secondary changes is the adhesion to the adjacent visceras. But it is not serious and even if it is in an advanced stage can be removed easily. Of all the changes, the malignant degeneration is the most troublesome (according to Stubler and Branders it is 6.7%) and its etiology is still unknown. It is said that in long existence of the cyst in advanced aged woman, the malignant degeneration appears but in my case 3 in aged woman, though I devoted myself to its observation up to her death. I could not find any symptom of malignant degeneration, and the author had experienced in an aged woman of 86 years old whose ovarial cyst gradually grew in two or three years after it was found, and it attained to the size an adults head but he was unable to find the symptoms of malignant degeneration either. On the contrary, I even had an experience of miserable case of a woman of 23 years old in pseudomucinous ovarial cyst, who in only a year's progress after the cyst was found, it clearly happened to be carcinomatous degeneration and came to a sad end of exploratory laparotomy. How does this malignant degeneration occur ? As to its causes , I have contributed nothing but explain with many vague words which now require further investigation. I think that it can not be put in one class at all and I attribute this to an individuality of the cyst-carrier. It may be convenient to settle the question, if I explain it, as a cause of carcinoma also. Such a malignant degeneration, in this case, is very infrequent and it would certainly be an object of research in future. Finally, the auther expresses his respectful thanks to Dr. Ando, Professor of the Okayama Medical University for his revisal.

Cytogenetic studies were performed on a biopsy specimen of a jaw tumor and on a bone marrow aspirate from a Japanese patient with Epstein-Barr virus-negative Burkitt's lymphoma. A 14q + chromosome was found in cells from either source, although each contained a different clone. Other karyotypic abnormalities present in common included 2dir dup (1q) (q21 leads to q32), 3q+, 6p--, +12, +mar.

Function of pituitary-thyroid axis was studied in rats with experimentally induced thyroiditisWistar strain female rats were immunized with homologous thyroid extract in Freund's complete adjuvant and with simultaneous intradermal injection of pertussis vaccine concentrate. They received booster shots at the first and third week after the initial immunization. Serum thyroid hormones and TSH were measured just before, and at weekly intervals after, the initial immunization. Histological examination of the thyroid gland at the second week after immunization showed slight infiltration of macrophages in the thyroid follicles. From the third to the fourth week, massive lymphoid cell infiltration and destruction of follicular architecture developed in all immunized rats. Serum R3 levels slightly decreased during the second week, increased transiently during the third week, then decreased again thereafter. Serum T4 levels decreased slightly durinf the fourth week. Serum TSH levels were not elevated significantly during the third week, but the response to TRH was significantly increased at this time. Basal TSH levels were increased during the fourth week. The TRH test was a sensitive method capable of detecting minimal failure of thyroid function undetected by other routine measuremens of thyroid hormones and TSH.

A recently modified method using peroxidase labeled antibodies for light and electron microscopic demonstration of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was applied to the evaluation of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) on the surface of liver cells in biopsy specimens from 24HBsAg chronic carriers. Membranous distribution of HBsAg was demonstrated in diffuse or scattered hepatocytes in all 4 asymptomatic carriers and in 3 of the 20 patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis or liver cirrhosis. In these patients with membranous expression of HBsAg, hepatitis B e antigen, Dane particles and DNA polymerase were often detected in sera, and large amounts of hepatitis B core antigen appeared in the liver. These results suggest that membrane-bound HBsAg may be expressed by the HBV genome. The ultrastructural study of liver cells showing membranous expression disclosed dense deposits of reaction product indicative of HBsAg on the cell membrane and/or on assembled particles within the extracellular space. In some hepatocytes showing both diffuse cytoplasmic and membranous expression of HBsAg, HBsAg-positive membrane of cisternae open to the intercellular space was connected with the liver cell membrane. These findings supported the conjecture that HBV associated antigens are integrated into the liver cell membrane.

A near diploid clone derived from a rat liver cell line was continuously treated with various concentrations of 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-Me-DAB) in culture. By treatment with 2.8 micrograms/ml, cells with 41 chromosomes formed a mode and which then shifted to 39. The chromosome numbers of cells treated with 5.4 micrograms/ml were widely distributed at early stages, but later the mode shifted to hypotetraploid region. Untreated control cells were confirmed as near diploid. Increased plating efficiency by 3'-Me-DAB as well as the appearance of large sized colonies was obtained. The production of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) by the cells was slightly enhanced by treatment with 3'-Me-DAB. The cells treated with and without 3'-Me-DAB did not produce any tumor in rats 6 months after their intraperitoneal injection.

Immune complexes in liver specimens from 10 patients with chronic liver diseases [2 with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), 3 with chronic aggressive hepatitis (CAH) of moderate activity, 3 with CAH of severe activity, and 2 with liver cirrhosis] were examined by a technique of direct immunofluorescence using FITC-labelled human purified Clq (FITC-Clq). FITC-Clq bound to the nuclei of all cells in liver tissue. After DNase treatment, positive nuclei were absent, but positive staining with FITC-Clq remained in amorphous deposits and hepatic cell membranes in the areas of piecemeal necrosis of four CAH patients. Since FITC-Clq could not be demonstrated in the liver tissue of CPH and liver cirrhosis which contained no piecemeal necrosis, positive fluorescence in the liver of CAH patients was thought to indicate immune complexes bound to FITC-Clq. The fact that these positive substances, however, were few in number, may be the result of physiological mechanisms of immune clearance which rapidly eliminate immune complexes from the body.

A papillary (villous) adenoma of the duodenum was found in a 67-year-old male. Radiographic barium studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract revealed a tumor in the second portion of the duodenum. Biopsied specimens taken through a duodenofiberscope showed papillary adenoma. A partial duodenectomy with duodenojejunostomy was performed. The specimen was a pedunculated tumor measuring 3 X 2 X 1.5 cm. Histologically, the tumor was composed of villous and tubular arrangements of mucus-secreting columnar epithelial cells. A moderate number of entero-endocrine cells and a few Paneth cells were also noted. Forty-two other cases reported in Japan are briefly reviewed.

A rare case of bilateral fat necrosis of the breast is reported. The patient was a 50-year-old unmarried woman having no history of trauma, disease or surgery of the breast. In the bilateral breasts, ill-defined, firm masses with skin retraction were noted. Bilateral breast cancer was diagnosed clinically. However, both lesions showed histologically chronic granulomatous inflammation with foci of fatty necrosis, infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, lipid containing foamy cells, foreign body giant cells engurfing choresterol-crystals, and calcification. "Paraffinoma" was thus suspected, but there was no history of cosmetic mammoplasty and histochemical studies failed to demonstrate saturated lipid indicating paraffin or other mineral oils

For the detection and characterization of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in various liver diseases, a Clq binding test was used. Though the CIC level was almost normal in HB surface antigen (HBsAg) positive asymptomatic carriers, the level increased in patients with liver diseases. During acute exacerbation of chronic viral hepatitis, the CIC level reached peaks 1 to 3 weeks before and after the hepatic cell necrosis. Study of the sedimentation rates of CIC in various liver diseases showed CIC in the 19s-22s region and in the 7s-19s region. In acid buffer, CIC was dissociated into 5 to 6 components by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In one case of HBsAg positive severe chronic aggressive hepatitis, CIC was composed of HBsAg, IgG and another three or four undetermined components. During acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis, minor changes of these dissociation patterns of CIC were observed.

Chromosome analysis was performed on cells obtained from the pleural effusion of a Japanese patient with Burkitt's lymphoma. Two modal chromosomal numbers were found: 45 and 46. Five different karyotypes were present, all having a t (8q-;14q+) translocation. This case illustrates that Burkitt's lymphomas of Japanese are no exception to the frequent association of this chromosomal abnormality with Burkitt's lymphomas.

Rats were injected intraperitoneally with copper-lactate daily for over 160 days (total dose of 30 mg copper in each animal). At 120 to 160 days of copper administration, animals developed symptoms similar to those of Wilson's disease, i.e., kidney functional disturbances, proteinuria, aminoaciduria, decreased blood ceruloplasmin oxidase activity and increased urinary copper excretion. Cirrhosis was found in some animals. Tubular necrosis of the kidneys, liver fibrosis and tigrolysis of thalamic nerve cells were also found. Copper depositions were observed in liver parenchymal cells, renal tubular epithels, thalamus glia cells and on the Descemet's membrane of the cornea. The similarities between induced copper- intoxication in rats and Wilson's disease are discussed.

Analysis of the chromosomes of a cloned human hepato-blastoma cell line, HUH-6-clone 5 by Q-, G- and C-banding revealed numerical and structural chromosome aberrations. The modal number of chromosomes was 49. Trisomies #12 and 20 were present in most of the cells, and 8q isochromosome was detected in all of the cells analyzed. High levels of alpha-fetoprotein production by this cell strain were also demonstrated.

Cytoplasmic immunoglobulin G (IgG) in normal human epidermis was defined by a peroxidase-labeled antibody method. A correlation between cytoplasmic staining and the serum level of IgG was found. Epidermal cells containing IgG were not present when the serum level of IgG was less than 1000 microgram/ml.

A transplantable plasma cell leukemia cell line, designated as S27, was established from a 12-month-old female New Zealand Black mouse (NZB); serum showed polyclonal elevation of gamma globulin with agarose-agar gel electrophoresis. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of the serum showed precipitation lines in the IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgM regions. The amount of serum immunoglobulin increased rapidly with tumor growth. S27 cells proliferating in the spleen contained simultaneously IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b in the cytoplasm as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence. Membrane immunofluorescence revealed IgG1 on the tumor cell surface. S27 cells were transplantable to syngeneic NZB mice with inoculation of spleen cell suspension, and showed the same histological and immunological findings as those of the original mouse. These findings imply that a single clone of plasma cells has the capacity to produce more than one class of immunoglobulin.

The effect of glucosamine on phenotypic mixing between vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and avian sarcoma virus (ASV) was studied. Phenotypic mixing decreased with increase in glucosamine concentration, and, in the presence of 20 mM glucosamine, was no longer detectable. In the presence of 20 mM glucosamine, cells still produced 10(2)--10(3) focus forming units (FFU) of ASV and 10(6) plaque forming units (PFU) of VSV per milliliter. These results suggest that cells producing a relatively large amount of ASV (more than 10(3) FFU/ml) are essential for phenotypic mixing of VSV with ASV.

Fifty patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) grouped into four stages on the basis of clinical and hematological results were analyzed with chromosomal banding techniques. Of the 50 patients, 48 hand the "standard" type of Ph1 translocation, t(9 ; 22) (q34 ; q11) and the remaining 2 had Ph1-negative diploid karyotype. The frequency of numerical chromosomal changes and/or structural chromosomal changes other than the Ph1 translocation varied with the stages; the frequency was 1 of 28 cases (3.6%) for patients in stage I (chronic phase), 5 of 11 (45.5%) in stage II (early stage of blastic phase), 11 of 13 (84.6%) in stage III (blastic phase) and 2 of 7 (28.6%) in stage IV (remission phase). Numerical changes in hyperdiploid leukemic cells correlated well with the appearance of extra #8 and extra Ph1 In 5 cases with hypodiploid leukemic cells, one of the #7 pair was absent in 4 cases and Y in 1 case. As structural changes, partial excess of chromosome 1, isochromosome 17q, isochromosome 1q, tdic (20p+ ; 21q-), del (7) (q11), t(2p+ ; 11p-), #12q+ and Xp+ were observed. Chromosomal analysis alone is not the best marker to diagnose the onset of blastic phase; however, it is a useful parameter when considered in combination with clinical and hematological results.