MDPI AG Acta Medica Okayama 2075-4418 16 20 2026 Association Between Urine pH and Kidney Outcomes in Patients with Biopsy-Proven Kidney Disease 3418 EN Kenji Tsuji Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Naruhiko Uchida Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Hiroyuki Nakanoh Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yoshitaka Inoue Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kazuhiko Fukushima Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Shinji Kitamura Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Jun Wada Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Background/Objectives: Lower urine pH has been associated with reduced kidney function and increased risk of kidney disease, but its prognostic and pathological significance in biopsy-proven kidney disease remains unclear. Medullary cast formation has been shown to predict adverse renal outcomes beyond cortical interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA), although its clinical determinants are not fully understood. We examined the associations of urine pH with kidney outcomes and medullary cast formation in patients undergoing native kidney biopsy. Methods: Among 1167 adults who underwent native kidney biopsy between 2011 and 2024, 503 patients with evaluable medullary tissue were included. Urine pH was analyzed in relation to clinical and histological variables and kidney outcomes. The primary outcome was a ≥40% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or initiation of renal replacement therapy. Results: Mean baseline eGFR was 60.7 �} 26.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 and urine pH was 6.15 �} 0.84. During a median follow-up of 2.11 years, 113 patients (22.5%) reached the outcome. Lower urine pH was associated with higher risk of kidney outcomes. In multivariable Cox models, urine pH remained independently associated with outcomes (hazard ratio per 1-unit increase, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.52–0.92). Addition of urine pH modestly improved discrimination (C-index 0.642 to 0.654; likelihood ratio test, p = 0.009). Lower urine pH was associated with greater medullary cast formation in unadjusted analysis. Conclusions: Lower urine pH was independently associated with adverse kidney outcomes and with greater medullary cast formation, suggesting that urine pH may reflect intratubular pathological changes associated with CKD progression. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 80 5 2026 High Accuracy of Pelvic Tilt Measurement Using Three-Dimensional Planning Software: A Validation Study Using Dry Bone Models 289 298 EN Yuki Komuta Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University Norio Imai Division of Comprehensive Musculoskeletal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University Daisuke Homma Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University Kazuhisa Funayama Division of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University Yuki Hirano Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University Yoji Horigome Division of Comprehensive Musculoskeletal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University Izumi Minato Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata Rinko Hospital Hiroyuki Kawashima Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University Original Article 10.18926/AMO/71338 The �gCR Alignment�h function was recently introduced in ZedHip®, the hip joint module of ZedView®, to evaluate pelvic tilt in non-supine positions via two-dimensional (2D)‒3D matching using radiographs. However, its ccuracy has not been validated. This study therefore evaluated the accuracy of pelvic tilt measurements using the CR Alignment function in dry pelvic bone specimens. Two cadaveric pelvic bone models were placed in nine orientations (anterior/posterior tilt and left/right rotation). Both radiographic and CT images were acquired in each position. In Study 1, pelvic tilt measured directly from CT images was defined as the �gtrue value.�h Three observers used the CR Alignment function to calculate pelvic tilt on radiographs, and measurement errors were determined relative to the true values. In Study 2, measurement errors were compared between matched (same position) and mismatched (different position) imaging. In Study 1, the mean measurement error was 1.28�}0.64�‹. Intra- and interobserver intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.996-0.998 and 0.997, respectively. In Study 2, the mean errors were 1.20�}0.88�‹ (matched) and 1.32�}1.03�‹ (mismatched). This software exhibited high accuracy and reproducibility in 2D‒3D matching of pelvic tilt, with lower variability under matched acquisition, demonstrating its utility for pre- and postoperative assessment in joint arthroplasty. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Frontiers Media SA Acta Medica Okayama 2297-7775 11 2026 Navigating inherited �gintensive surveillance�h within Japan's structural norms of autonomy: maternal identity negotiation among long-term Peruvian migrant mothers (1990–2025) 1944754 EN Katia Sara Huaman Palomino Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Okayama University Yoshitsugu Hirata Faculty of Education, Okayama University Introduction: This study examines how Peruvian mothers who have settled in Japan for decades rework their identities as mothers. These women were raised with the belief that being a good mother means constantly watching over and protecting their children. But in Japan, child-rearing pushes children toward independence from a young age. This study asks: What happens when these two different approaches of mothering meet?<br> Methods: We interviewed 21 Peruvian mothers who had lived in Japan for 17–35 years.<br> Results: The analysis identified four identity positions to this cultural friction. The first is holding firmly to Peruvian maternal scripts (�gIdeological Retention�h). The second is following Japanese conventions in public while keeping Peruvian ways at home (�gCompartmentalization�h). The third is moving away from inherited protective scripts and adopting Japanese norms of independence (�gAssimilation�h). The fourth is blending elements of both into a maternal self that is �gneither the one nor the other�h (a �gThird Space�h).<br> Discussion: This study helps us understand that migrant mothers do not simply choose between their home and new cultures. Instead, they actively work to create a way of mothering through a process we call Reflexive Continuity that makes sense for their unique situations. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI AG Acta Medica Okayama 2076-2607 14 10 2026 Single-Cell Genomics Uncovers an Unexpectedly Abundant, Phylogenetically Hyperdiverse Patescibacteria (Candidate Phyla Radiation) Community in Agricultural Paddy Soil 2213 EN Arslan Ali Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Daisuke Saisho Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Keiichi Mochida RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Akio Tani Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Patescibacteria, also known as the Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR), are among the most diverse yet functionally reduced bacterial lineages whose diversity in agricultural soils remains poorly characterized. We applied single-cell genomics to bulk soil from an unfertilized paddy field after rice harvest and drainage. From 384 randomly sorted single cells, 126 medium-to-high-quality SAGs (Single-Amplified Genomes) were recovered, spanning 24 bacterial and archaeal phyla. Unexpectedly, 108 of the 384 SAGs (28.1%) were assigned to Patescibacteria�\the most frequently recovered phylum�\including 42 of the 126 reliable SAGs. These genomes were notably small (mean 973 kb vs. 1.4–3.2 Mb for other phyla). Because CheckM underestimates completeness in reduced CPR genomes, CheckM2 was applied, raising mean completeness from 59.9% to 83.3% and reclassifying 15 genomes as near-complete (>90%). Phylogenomic analysis using 16 ribosomal protein markers revealed extensive diversity and low average amino acid identity to reference genomes (mean 44.6%), indicating substantial taxonomic novelty. Despite this diversity, functional annotation and OrthoFinder analysis showed a conserved, reduced gene repertoire dominated by translation and DNA repair genes and depleted in amino acid, cofactor, and nucleotide biosynthesis. These results show that modest soil sampling can recover outsized Patescibacteria diversity, underscoring the need for CPR-appropriate completeness assessment. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 0008-6215 306 1-2 1998 Effect of a phosphorus atom upon vicinal – coupling constants in pyranose derivatives having a C–P bond: Additivity rule for the effect of phosphorus substituents 157 162 EN Tadashi Hanaya Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University Hiroshi Yamamoto Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University Additivity constants for phosphorus were estimated for the prediction of vicinal 1H–1H coupling constants by means of an additivity rule in a series of pyranose analogs having phosphorus as the ring heteroatom. The experimental J values were well reproduced by employing the proposed additivity constants with a small overall root-mean-square difference of 0.32 Hz. The prediction of coupling constants was employed for the investigation of conformational equilibria of pyranose analogs having a phosphinyl group in the ring or on the ring-carbon. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Frontiers Media SA Acta Medica Okayama 1664-2392 16 2025 Efficacy in Japanese adults with growth hormone deficiency receiving weekly somapacitan or daily growth hormone: results from phase 3 REAL 1 trial 1534891 EN Fumio Otsuka Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Michael Højby Rasmussen Clinical Drug Development, Novo Nordisk A/S Takaaki Endo Medical Affairs Department, Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd. Claus Sværke Clinical Drug Development, Novo Nordisk A/S Shigeyuki Tahara Department of Neurological Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Musashikosugi Hospital Gudmundur Johannsson Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Introduction: Somapacitan is a long-acting growth hormone (GH) derivative approved for once-weekly treatment of adult GH deficiency (AGHD). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of somapacitan and daily GH in Japanese individuals with AGHD.<br> Methods: This subgroup study included the 34-week main period of the multinational, randomized, parallel-group, phase 3 trial, REAL 1 (NCT02229851). Participants received once-weekly somapacitan or daily GH (Norditropin®), both administered subcutaneously. Investigators and trial sites were blinded. A total of 36 Japanese GH-naïve individuals with AGHD were allocated to somapacitan or daily GH (excluding the placebo group of the global trial). Endpoints included change in truncal fat percentage to week 34 measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, as well as other body composition measures. Insulin-like growth factor I standard deviation score values were used for dose titration.<br> Results: In total, 36 Japanese individuals were included (18 and 18 in the somapacitan and daily GH group, respectively). 35 completed the main period (34 weeks). Mean (SD) change from baseline to week 34 in truncal fat percentage was -2.23 (2.50) %-points in the somapacitan group and -2.12 (4.21) %-points in the daily GH group. Other body composition measures also improved in both groups, including reduced visceral fat and increased lean body mass. Somapacitan was well tolerated, with a safety profile similar to daily GH.<br> Conclusions: In Japanese treatment-naïve individuals with AGHD, once-weekly somapacitan demonstrated similar efficacy and safety to daily GH after 34 weeks of treatment. Somapacitan provides an effective alternative to daily GH in AGHD. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Acta Medica Okayama 2474-9567 9 3 2025 Presentation Quality Assessment through Audience 3D Facial and Head Direction Using Conventional Cameras 1 15 EN Goshi Imamura Okayama University Atsushi Nakazawa Okayama University This paper shows the method for evaluating the quality of presentations using information from the audience's facial and head behavior. Existing studies have focused on assessing presentation skills by analyzing presentation materials and the presenter's verbal and non-verbal cues, however, since a presentation is an interaction between the presenter and the audience, the presentation quality is not only influenced by presenter's information but also audience's information such as their background knowledge. This means that the presenter's output alone is not enough for a comprehensive evaluation of the presentation. To address this, we show a method that utilizes videos of the audience recorded during presentations using two cameras: one capturing from the presenter's point of view and the other from around the presentation screen. The 3D position and direction of the audience's face were detected using face detection techniques, which were then used to predict gaze targets, such as the presenter and the presentation screen. The number of times these targets were looked at during the presentation served as feature values for evaluating presentation quality. Using a dataset of 18 presenters and 32 audience members, this paper shows a significant correlation between subjective ratings and behavioral characteristics. It also demonstrates an algorithm that infers the quality of a presentation from these feature values. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

BMJ Acta Medica Okayama 2044-6055 16 6 2026 Association between venous access-site closure device use and postoperative nausea and vomiting after atrial fibrillation ablation under propofol sedation: a single-centre retrospective observational study in Okayama, Japan e117719 EN Haruna Sakanoue Department of Nursing, Okayama Heart Clinic Hirosuke Yamaji Heart Rhythm Centre, Okayama Heart Clinic Sayaka Okamoto Department of Nursing, Okayama Heart Clinic Kumi Okano Department of Nursing, Okayama Heart Clinic Yuka Fujita Department of Nursing, Okayama Heart Clinic Shunichi Higashiya Heart Rhythm Centre, Okayama Heart Clinic Takashia Murakami Heart Rhythm Centre, Okayama Heart Clinic Satoshi Hirohata Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Technology, Okayama University Shozo Kusachi Heart Rhythm Centre, Okayama Heart Clinic Objectives To examine whether the use of a venous access-site closure device is associated with the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation under propofol sedation.<br> Design Observational study.<br> Setting A single-centre retrospective observational study in Okayama, Japan.<br> Participants We retrospectively analysed consecutive patients who underwent AF ablation under deep propofol sedation with adaptive servo-ventilation. A total of 686 patients were included. Patients were managed using a standardised sedation protocol with or without low-dose pentazocine. Patients treated with conventional manual compression for haemostasis (n=383) were compared with those treated using a venous access-site closure device (n=303).<br> Interventions Postprocedural bed rest duration and the incidence and timing of PONV were compared between groups. Associations between closure device use and PONV were evaluated using logistic regression analysis.<br> Primary outcome measure The primary outcome was the occurrence of PONV following AF ablation.<br> Results All procedures were completed under propofol sedation without conversion to general anaesthesia. The duration of postprocedural bed rest was shorter in the device group than in the conventional-compression group (mean difference �|14.7 hours, 95% CI �|15.2 to �|14.0).<br> PONV occurred in 6/303 patients (2.0%) in the device group and 20/383 patients (5.2%) in the conventional-compression group, corresponding to a relative risk of 0.38 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.93), an OR 0.25 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.62) and a risk difference of �|3.2% (95% CI �|6.0% to �|0.5%).<br> In multivariable analysis, use of a venous closure device was associated with a lower likelihood of PONV.<br> Conclusions In this single-centre observational study, use of a venous access-site closure device was associated with a lower occurrence of PONV after AF ablation under propofol sedation. These findings suggest that postprocedural management strategies enabling earlier mobilisation may be associated with improved patient comfort; however, causal inference is limited by the observational design. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI AG Acta Medica Okayama 2075-4426 16 10 2026 Efficacy and Safety of Switching from Nalfurafine to Difelikefalin in Hemodialysis Patients with Refractory Pruritus 489 EN Yoshimasa Sakurabu Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Haruhito A. Uchida Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kumiko Tokunaga Sugimoto Clinic Yuko Ogiso Sugimoto Clinic Miwako Motoie Sugimoto Clinic Megumi Yoshitake Sugimoto Clinic Taro Sugimoto Sugimoto Clinic Jun Wada Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background: Hemodialysis-associated pruritus is common and can substantially impair quality of life. Given its heterogeneous pathophysiology and variable treatment response, individualized therapeutic strategies are needed. This study investigated the prevalence and severity of pruritus and clinical outcomes after switching from nalfurafine to difelikefalin. Methods: Clinical data from 108 maintenance hemodialysis patients whose pruritus severity was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) were retrospectively reviewed. Ten patients with persistent moderate-to-severe pruritus (NRS ≥ 3) despite treatment with nalfurafine were switched to difelikefalin in routine clinical practice, of whom eight completed the 16-week follow-up and were included in the switch group. Eight patients matched for age, sex, dialysis vintage, and baseline NRS served as controls. Changes in NRS scores at weeks 4 and 16, as well as adverse events, were evaluated. Results: Among 108 patients, 21 (20%) had no pruritus, while 20 (18.5%), 47 (43.5%), and 20 (18.5%) had mild, moderate, and severe pruritus, respectively. Of 14 patients receiving nalfurafine, 13 (92.9%) had persistent moderate-to-severe pruritus. In the switch group, mean NRS decreased from 5.9 �} 1.7 at baseline to 2.3 �} 2.3 at week 4 and 2.0 �} 0.9 at week 16 (p = 0.0156 and p = 0.0078, respectively), with no meaningful change in controls. No serious adverse events strongly related to difelikefalin were identified. Conclusions: Pruritus was highly prevalent in this cohort. Switching to difelikefalin was associated with rapid and sustained improvement in patients inadequately responsive to nalfurafine, with favorable tolerability, supporting its potential role as an individualized treatment option. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 2590-1230 32 2026 Prediction of tool-path and cycle time errors of CNC machining using a transformer-based deep learning model 112872 EN Kazuki Kaneko Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Tech, Okayama University Zongze Li Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University The prediction of tool-path and cycle time errors of computer numerical control (CNC) machining is important in manufacturing field. In this study, these errors are considered as sequential data corresponding to the lines of G-code, i.e., the error prediction is a sequence-to-sequence task, and a Transformer-based deep learning model was constructed to predict the tool-path and cycle time errors simultaneously, taking the positional increments and feed rate as the input. The training datasets were created by running a randomly generated G-code on a real CNC machine tool and subsequently tracking the actual errors, where the motion and feed rate are stochastically defined. The model is validated by conducting the error prediction on six sets of G-code. In addition, the comparison with a Bi-LSTM-based deep learning model is conducted. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the Transformer model can achieve the mean prediction accuracies of �}1 ƒÊm and �}1 ms in tool-path and cycle time error predictions, respectively. Furthermore, the Transformer model has a smaller prediction uncertainty than the Bi-LSTM model. Compared with conventional methods only analyzing tool-path errors or cycle-time errors, the utilized model has an advantage in its ability to simultaneously predict tool-path errors and cycle time errors. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) Acta Medica Okayama 2047-9980 15 3 2026 Long�]Term Outcomes and Risk Factors for Mortality After Single Ventricle Palliation for Asplenia Syndrome e044756 EN Yasuyuki Kobayashi Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital Shunji Sano Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Showa Medical University Toyosu Hospital Yuhei Tokuda Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital Ayari Kimura Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital Steven J. Staffa Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children�fs Hospital, Boston Harvard Medical School David Zurakowski Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children�fs Hospital, Boston Harvard Medical School Shingo Kasahara Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital Yasuhiro Kotani Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital Background: This study evaluated the long�]term outcomes of asplenia syndrome with single ventricle palliation, hypothesizing that total anomalous pulmonary vein connection (TAPVC), pulmonary atresia (PA), and greater than or equal to moderate atrioventricular valve regurgitation increase mortality risk.<br> Methods: This retrospective review analyzed 151 patients with asplenia syndrome who underwent single ventricle palliation between 1990 and 2024. The primary end point was mortality, with risk factors assessed by Cox regression analysis over a mean follow�]up of 9.3 years.<br> Results: The median age at initial operation was 35 days, including 70 neonates (46%). Overall, 62 (41%) patients died, whereas 66 (44%) patients are alive post�]Fontan completion. Survival probabilities at 1 and 20 years were 75.7% (95% CI, 67.9–81.8) and 53.7% (95% CI, 44.5–62.0), respectively. TAPVC (P=0.014), PA (P=0.007), and greater than or equal to moderate atrioventricular valve regurgitation (P=0.040) emerged as independent risk factors for mortality in the overall cohort. In the TAPVC cohort, independent risk factors for mortality included PA (P=0.019), infracardiac TAPVC (P=0.045), and neonatal TAPVC repair (P=0.018). When stratified by the risk factors of TAPVC, PA, or greater than or equal to moderate atrioventricular valve regurgitation, survival probabilities did not differ between patients with none or 1 of these conditions (P=0.181) but were significantly lower in those with ≥2 risk factors (P<0.001, at 15 years: 0, 72.9%; 1, 59.1%; ≥2, 32.8%).<br> Conclusions: Survival after single ventricle palliation for asplenia syndrome remains suboptimal, particularly when TAPVC, PA, and greater than or equal to moderate atrioventricular valve regurgitation are present in combination rather than in isolation. Improved strategies or surgical techniques are required for this complex asplenia syndrome cohort. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI AG Acta Medica Okayama 1660-3397 24 9 2026 A Marine Brevibacillus-Derived Membrane-Lytic Peptide: Molecular Insight and Biophysical Characterization of a Novel AMP, FNL62-AMP 309 EN Namfa Sermkaew School of Pharmacy, Walailak University Apichart Atipairin School of Pharmacy, Walailak University Sucheewin Krobthong Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry (CENP), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Chanat Aonbangkhen Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry (CENP), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Yodying Yingchutrakul National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency Jumpei Uchiyama Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Nuttapon Songnaka School of Pharmacy, Walailak University This study characterizes the genomic identity, functional efficacy, and computational biophysics of FNL62-AMP, a novel antimicrobial peptide isolated from a phylogenomically distinct, newly identified Brevibacillus species. Production kinetics revealed a late-exponential phase onset of antibacterial activity with sustained potency against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). LC-MS/MS analysis identified the peptide sequence as NH2-LLLLFR-COOH. FNL62-AMP demonstrated excellent formulation resilience, retaining full anti-MRSA activity under high thermal stress (80 �‹C for 6 h) and showing robust resistance to generic trypsin and proteinase K proteolysis. Formulative co-incubation assays demonstrated charge-dependent compatibility, where nonionic Triton X-100 preserved baseline efficacy while ionic surfactants induced antagonism. In vitro time-kill kinetics, scanning electron microscopy, and SYTOX Green assays confirmed rapid, concentration-dependent bactericidal action driven by immediate membrane permeabilization. Molecular dynamics simulations successfully captured the spontaneous self-assembly of 64 FNL62-AMP monomers into a stable macro-aggregate. This consolidation process was quantitatively characterized by a simultaneous contraction in the radius of gyration (Rg), a sharp drop in solvent-accessible surface area (SASA), and a transitional plateau in mean squared displacement (MSD). Ultimately, the high thermal stability, structural resilience, and predictable surfactant compatibility of FNL62-AMP propose ways to be developed for lead optimization and druggability. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI AG Acta Medica Okayama 2075-4418 16 17 2026 Granular Swollen Epithelial Cells in Native Kidney Biopsies: Prevalence, Clinicopathological Associations and Kidney Outcomes 2822 EN Naruhiko Uchida Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kenji Tsuji Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Nakanoh Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuhiko Fukushima Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shinji Kitamura Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jun Wada Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background/Objectives: Granular swollen epithelial cells (GSECs) have been described primarily in mitochondrial cytopathies, in which they are regarded as a characteristic pathological finding that may aid in the diagnosis of mitochondrial dysfunction; however, their prevalence and clinical significance in native kidney disease remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, clinicopathological associations, and prognostic significance of GSECs in native kidney biopsy specimens. Methods: Among 1165 adults who underwent native kidney biopsy between 2011 and 2024, 501 patients with evaluable medullary tissue were included in this retrospective cohort study. GSECs were defined as enlarged tubular epithelial cells with conspicuous granular cytoplasm in medullary tubules, and cases were classified as GSEC-positive when at least one unequivocal GSEC was identified. Clinical and histopathological characteristics were compared between groups, and kidney outcomes were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: The mean baseline eGFR was 60.8 �} 26.3 mL/min/1.73 m2, and the median urinary protein excretion was 1.1 g/gCr. During a median follow-up of 2.3 years, 112 patients (22.3%) reached the composite kidney outcome. GSECs were identified in 18% of native kidney biopsy specimens containing evaluable medullary tissue, and were observed across a broad spectrum of kidney diseases. GSEC positivity was associated with older age and underlying pathological diagnoses but was not associated with baseline kidney function or proteinuria. Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox analyses revealed no significant association between GSECs and kidney prognosis. Conclusions: GSECs are not specific to kidney allografts and are observed in a subset of diverse native kidney diseases. Although associated with certain clinical characteristics, no independent association between GSECs and kidney outcomes was observed in this cohort. These findings suggest that GSECs may reflect disease-dependent biological responses to tubular epithelial stress, potentially related to metabolic or mitochondrial alterations, rather than a marker of progressive kidney injury. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 2950-1334 14 2026 Clinical phenotypes and the risk factors of mild pulmonary hypertension 100628 EN Satoshi Taya Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kentaro Ejiri Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Satoshi Akagi Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshitake Fukuda Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Misaki Kanezawa Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoichi Takaya Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toru Miyoshi Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazufumi Nakamura Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shinsuke Yuasa Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background: The definition of pulmonary hypertension (PH) was revised as mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) >20 mmHg from ≥25 mmHg in the recent PH guidelines; however, the characteristics of PH patients with mPAP 21–24 mmHg have not been well described.<br> Methods: A total of 1080 individuals who underwent right heart catheterization (2018–2022) was categorized into 3 groups by mPAP: no PH with mPAP ≤20 mmHg, mild PH with mPAP 21–24 mmHg, and conventional PH with mPAP ≥25 mmHg. We assessed PH subtypes of hemodynamic and clinical classification and compared survival outcomes (all-cause mortality, heart failure hospitalization, lung transplant) using Cox models.<br> Results: Of them, 391 patients (36.2%) were diagnosed as PH including mild PH (n = 137) and conventional PH (n = 254). Phenotypically, mild PH was predominantly characterized by pre-capillary hemodynamics and Group 2 clinical classification. Mild PH is associated with an intermediate prognosis: outcomes are more favorable than in conventional PH but inferior to no PH (HR 1.74 [95% CI 1.15–2.61]). While the two PH phenotypes appear to share comorbidity-related factors, hemodynamic parameters were associated with survival outcomes not in mild PH but in conventional PH.<br> Conclusions: The observation that mild PH constitutes approximately one-third of overall PH cases carries substantial clinical weight. The newly identified mild PH cohort was characterized mainly by pre-capillary and Group 2 subtypes. While mild PH is associated with an intermediate prognosis, comorbidities appear to be the primary determinant of outcomes in this group, unlike in conventional PH where hemodynamics play a larger role. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Chemical Society (ACS) Acta Medica Okayama 1523-7060 28 1 2025 Optimization of the External Directing Group Depending on the Substrates for the Regioselective C–H Alkenylation of Phenyl Ethers 94 99 EN Koki Yano Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Daisuke Sawada Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Using an external directing group (externalDG), we have succeeded in ortho-selective C–H alkenylation of various DG-free phenyl ethers, including bulky silyl ethers. Also, we demonstrated a strategy to develop regioselective C–H activation by optimizing externalDG depending on the substrate. The means for optimizing externalDG include the selection of the precursor, the addition of a Lewis acid, and changing the ratio of the precursor/Pd, to control the reactivity and regioselectivity. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 2059-1381 12 1 2026 Potential effects of intradialytic exercise therapy on physical performance in hemodialysis patients based on the intervention period: a systematic review and meta-analysis 19 EN Daisuke Uchida Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University Hospital Mizonokuchi Yu Honda Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine Shigeki Kojima Kojima Kidney and Dialysis Clinic Hiromasa Miyake Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Masatoshi Nishimoto Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University Akihito Hishikawa Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Keio University School of Medicine Shun Tonomura Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Keio University School of Medicine Tadashi Sofue Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Naohiko Fujii Department of Nephrology, Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital Masakazu Saitoh Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University Ichiei Narita Niigata Institute for Health and Sports Medicine, Niigata Sports Association Kunihiro Yamagata Department of Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba Junichi Hoshino Division of Preventive and Sports Nephrology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Tokyo Women�fs Medical University Hiroo Kawarazaki Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University Hospital Mizonokuchi Tsutomu Sakurada Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Background Intradialytic exercise during hemodialysis (HD) improves physical function and shows high adherence. In Japan, the 2018 guideline by the Japanese Society of Renal Rehabilitation supports intradialytic exercise, but medical insurance only covers the first 90 days. As new studies have emerged since the guideline was published, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the impact and optimal duration of exercise interventions beyond 12 weeks.<br> Methods We followed a preregistered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42025642273) and PRISMA-P guidelines. Randomized controlled trials of adult patients undergoing HD performing structured exercise were identified via MEDLINE database (PubMed, March 2017–November 2024) and ICHUSHI-Web database. Two independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using Cochrane RoB 2.0. Outcomes included peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), 6 min walk distance, timed up and go (TUG) test, handgrip strength, sit-to-stand (STS) performance, and biochemical measures (hemoglobin, standard weekly urea Kt/V [std Kt/V]). Pooled mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a mixed-effects model (Hartung–Knapp–Sidik–Jonkman method).<br> Results A total of 71 studies, including 43 newly identified studies, were included. Risk of bias was moderate-to-high. Interventions > 12 weeks significantly improved 6 min walking distance (MD 52.4 m [95% CI 35.4–69.3], p < 0.01), VO2peak (MD 3.5 mL/kg/min [95% CI 1.96–5.04], p < 0.01), VO2max (MD 5.29 mL/kg/min [95% CI 2.36–8.22], p < 0.01), hemoglobin (MD 0.94 g/dL [95% CI 0.09–1.78], p = 0.03), and std Kt/V (MD 0.16 [95% CI 0.12–0.20], p < 0.01). TUG (MD �|1.68 s [95% CI �|2.96 to �|0.41], p = 0.02), handgrip strength (MD 4.08 kg [95% CI 1.95–6.22], p < 0.01), and STS performance (MD �|2.75 s [95% CI �|4.45 to �|1.05], p < 0.01) significantly improved in the integrated results of undefined study periods, with nonsignificant trends in studies of > 12 weeks of exercise.<br> Conclusions Our findings suggest that exercise interventions lasting more than 12 weeks can enhance physical performance. Nevertheless, the applicability of these results to older patients remains uncertain, as most evidence is derived from middle-aged cohorts.<br> Trial registration Registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42025642273). No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 2059-1381 12 1 2026 Duration-stratified effects of exercise therapy on health-related quality of life in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis 13 EN Yu Honda Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine Daisuke Uchida Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University Hospital Mizonokuchi Shigeki Kojima Kojima Kidney and Dialysis Clinic Hiromasa Miyake Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Masatoshi Nishimoto Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University Akihito Hishikawa Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Keio University School of Medicine Shun Tonomura Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Keio University School of Medicine Tadashi Sofue Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Naohiko Fujii Department of Nephrology, Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital Masakazu Saitoh Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University Ichiei Narita Niigata Institute for Health and Sports Medicine, Niigata Sports Association Kunihiro Yamagata Department of Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba Junichi Hoshino Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women�fs Medical University Hiroo Kawarazaki Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University Hospital Mizonokuchi Tsutomu Sakurada Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Background: Patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) have reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Structured exercise therapy is recommended, but domain-specific effects and the influence of intervention duration remain uncertain. This study evaluated the impact of structured exercise therapy on multiple HRQoL domains, including fatigue and depression, stratified by intervention duration.<br> Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, searching MEDLINE (PubMed) through November 2024. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42025642273). We included trials comparing structured exercise with non-exercise controls in adult HD patients. Primary outcomes were Short Form (SF)-36 Physical and Mental Component Summaries (PCS, MCS), fatigue, pain, general health, and depression (Beck Depression Inventory). Data were synthesized using random-effects models, stratified by intervention duration (≤ 3 versus > 3 months). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool.<br> Results: We identified 94 randomized controlled trials (5228 participants); 22 reported HRQoL outcomes and were meta-analyzed. Exercise significantly improved fatigue (mean difference [MD] + 7.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.75–9.80) and reduced depressive symptoms in > 3-month trials (MD �|7.62, 95% CI �|8.34 to �|6.90); no ≤ 3-month depression data were available. In overall analyses, general health (MD + 11.59, 95% CI 6.98–16.21) and PCS (MD + 5.83, 95% CI 0.71–10.94) improved, whereas MCS (MD + 7.60, 95% CI �|3.75 to 18.94) and pain (MD + 2.19, 95% CI �|4.41 to 8.79) showed no clear benefit. Short-term interventions (≤ 3 months) yielded significant improvements in pain and general health. In longer-term interventions (> 3 months), general health estimates were similar in magnitude but statistically nonsignificant, and pain effects were also nonsignificant with substantial heterogeneity. Fatigue improved in both duration strata.<br> Conclusions: Structured exercise therapy appears to improve fatigue in patients on maintenance HD and may provide additional gains in PCS and general health with interventions longer than 3 months. Improvements in depressive symptoms were observed from limited evidence, and duration-specific effects remain uncertain because no trials assessed depression at ≤ 3 months. Effects on pain and MCS remain uncertain owing to substantial heterogeneity. Larger long-term trials are needed to clarify the sustainability of HRQoL benefits beyond 3 months. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 2056-306X 12 1 2026 Knockout analysis of period and timeless and EGFP-based visualization of per-expressing clock cells in the cricket circadian clock 12 EN Kenji Tomioka Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Shintaro Inoue Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University Taro Mito Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University Yoshiyuki Moriyama Department of Natural Sciences, Kawasaki Medical School Taishi Yoshii Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University In the present study, we generated crickets with knockout of either period (per) or timeless (tim) gene by CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing. We also identified a naturally occurring per- mutant lacking a large coding region including PAS domains. To examine possible synergistic effects, a per- and timKO double mutant was generated by applying genome editing to the per- crickets. Under constant darkness (DD), timKO crickets exhibited a locomotor rhythm with a free-running period of 23.06 �} 0.20 h (mean �} SD), which was significantly shorter than that of the parental strain (23.78 �} 0.12 h). By contrast, perKO and per- crickets showed basically similar phenotype of locomotor rhythm: they exhibited an arrhythmic pattern during the first two to three weeks after transfer to DD but subsequently showed a complex rhythmic pattern with one or multiple components with significantly longer free-running periods (33.35 �} 10.72 h). In the per-;timKO double mutants, approximately 60% of individuals became arrhythmic, while the remaining 40% exhibited complex rhythms with extremely longer free-running periods (37.0 �} 9.17 h) under DD. These results suggest the existence of an underlying oscillatory mechanism that is responsible for regulating locomotor rhythms independently of the canonical per/tim feedback loop. Furthermore, we generated a reporter line on a per�| background by knocking egfp into exon 1 of the per gene, allowing egfp expression to report per transcription. EGFP expression was detected in three distinct clusters of cells within the optic lobe: two located along the dorsal and ventral boundaries between the lamina and medulla neuropils, and one situated near the accessory medulla. These findings raise the possibility that these form part of the circadian clock network that governs circadian locomotor rhythms. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Œö‰vŽÐ’c–@�l “ú–{•úŽË�ü‹Z�pŠw‰ï Acta Medica Okayama 0369-4305 82 10 2026 ƒxƒCƒY�„’è‚ð—p‚¢‚½ƒ‰ƒWƒIƒNƒ�ƒ~ƒbƒNƒtƒBƒ‹ƒ€‚ÌADC’l–�ü—Ê•ÏŠ·–@ 26-1707 EN Yuki Tanimoto Department of Radiology, NHO Iwakuni Clinical Center Kohei Sugimoto Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare Masahide Tamori Department of Radiology, NHO Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center Miho Yatsuki Department of Radiology, NHO Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center Shohei Yoshida Department of Radiology, NHO Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center Kazuma Sugahara Department of Radiology, NHO Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center Masataka Oita Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University �y–Ú“I�zƒ‰ƒWƒIƒNƒ�ƒ~ƒbƒNƒtƒBƒ‹ƒ€‚Í�‚‚¢‹óŠÔ•ª‰ð”\‚ð—L‚·‚邱‚Æ‚©‚ç�CŠ³ŽÒ•ÊIMRT•iŽ¿•Û�Ø�iIMRT QA�j‚É�L‚­—˜—p‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é�Dˆê•û�CƒsƒNƒZƒ‹’l‚ð�ü—Ê‚Ö•ÏŠ·‚·‚邽‚߂̃LƒƒƒŠƒuƒŒ�[ƒVƒ‡ƒ“‚É‚Í�C•¡�”‚ÌŠù’m�ü—Ê‚Å�ÆŽË‚µ‚½ƒtƒBƒ‹ƒ€‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚è�C�ì‹Æ•‰’S‚ª‘å‚«‚¢‚±‚Æ‚©‚ç�CŽ{�Ý‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ă̓tƒBƒ‹ƒ€ƒ�ƒbƒg•Ï�XŽž‚È‚Ç‚ÉŒÀ’肵‚ÄŽÀŽ{‚³‚ê‚é�ê�‡‚ª‚ ‚é�D–{Œ¤‹†‚Å‚Í�C‰ß‹Ž‚̃LƒƒƒŠƒuƒŒ�[ƒVƒ‡ƒ“ƒf�[ƒ^ƒZƒbƒg‚Æ‘Î�ÛƒtƒBƒ‹ƒ€‚Ì–¢�ÆŽËŽžƒsƒNƒZƒ‹’l‚ð—p‚¢‚ăLƒƒƒŠƒuƒŒ�[ƒVƒ‡ƒ“‹È�ü‚ð�„’è‚·‚éƒxƒCƒY�„’胂ƒfƒ‹‚ð�\’z‚µ�CƒLƒƒƒŠƒuƒŒ�[ƒVƒ‡ƒ“�ì‹Æ‚ÌŒø—¦‰»‚ð–Ú“I‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚»‚Ì—L—p�«‚ðŒŸ�Ø‚µ‚½�D�y•û–@�zTomoHD‚ð—p‚¢‚Ď擾‚µ‚½93‘g‚̃LƒƒƒŠƒuƒŒ�[ƒVƒ‡ƒ“ƒf�[ƒ^ƒZƒbƒg‚ð‰ð�Í‘Î�Û‚Æ‚µ‚½�D�ü—Ê‚¨‚æ‚Ñ�ÆŽË‚©‚çƒXƒLƒƒƒ“‚Ü‚Å‚ÌŒo‰ßŽžŠÔ‚ð�à–¾•Ï�”‚Æ‚·‚é“ñŽŸ‘½�€Ž®‰ñ‹Aƒ‚ƒfƒ‹‚ð�\’z‚µ‚½�Dƒ‚ƒfƒ‹‚̓XƒLƒƒƒi‚Ì“Ç‚ÝŽæ‚è•ûŒü�i�c•ûŒü�E‰¡•ûŒü�j‚²‚Æ‚É�ì�¬‚µ�C‘Î�ÛƒtƒBƒ‹ƒ€‚Ì–¢�ÆŽËŽžƒsƒNƒZƒ‹’l‚ð�Ø•Ð�€‚Æ‚µ‚Ä�„’肵‚½�DƒxƒCƒY�„’è‚É‚ÍStan‚ð—p‚¢�CƒgƒŒ�[ƒXƒvƒ�ƒbƒg‚¨‚æ‚ÑRhat“�Œv—Ê‚É‚æ‚èŽû‘©�«‚ð•]‰¿‚µ‚½�D�X‚Ƀ‚ƒfƒ‹�«”\‚Ì•]‰¿‚É‚Í�CˆÙ‚È‚éƒ�ƒbƒg‚ÌEBT4ƒtƒBƒ‹ƒ€10–‡‚ð—p‚¢‚Ä—\‘ªƒsƒNƒZƒ‹’l‚ÆŽÀ‘ª’l‚ð”äŠr‚·‚é‚Æ‚Æ‚à‚É�C�ü—ÊŒë�·‚ð•]‰¿‚µ‚½�D�yŒ‹‰Ê�z‚·‚ׂẴ‚ƒfƒ‹‚ÅRhat‚Í1.01–¢–ž‚ðŽ¦‚µ�C—Ç�D‚ÈŽû‘©�«‚ªŠm”F‚³‚ꂽ�DŒŸ�Ø—pƒtƒBƒ‹ƒ€‚Å‚Í�CƒsƒNƒZƒ‹’l‚ÌŒë�·‚Í3.6%–¢–ž�CŒˆ’èŒW�”�iR2�j‚Í0.99ˆÈ�ã‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½�D‚Ü‚½�C�ü—ÊŒë�·‚Í24 cGy‚Å•½‹Ï2.7 cGy�iSD 1.3�j�C868.2 cGy‚Å•½‹Ï37.5 cGy�iSD 12.8�j‚Å‚ ‚è�C�Å‘å�ü—ÊŒë�·‚Í710.6 cGy‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä66.6 cGy‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½�D�yŒ‹Œê�z–{Žè–@‚Í�C‰ß‹Ž‚̃LƒƒƒŠƒuƒŒ�[ƒVƒ‡ƒ“ƒf�[ƒ^ƒZƒbƒg‚Æ‘Î�ÛƒtƒBƒ‹ƒ€‚Ì–¢�ÆŽËŽžƒsƒNƒZƒ‹’l‚ð—p‚¢‚ăLƒƒƒŠƒuƒŒ�[ƒVƒ‡ƒ“‹È�ü‚ð�„’è‚Å‚«‚é‰Â”\�«‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚½�D‚Ü‚½�Cƒ‰ƒWƒIƒNƒ�ƒ~ƒbƒNƒtƒBƒ‹ƒ€‚̃LƒƒƒŠƒuƒŒ�[ƒVƒ‡ƒ“�ì‹Æ‚ÌŒø—¦‰»‚ÉŠñ—^‚·‚é‰Â”\�«‚ªŽ¦�´‚³‚ꂽ�D�¡Œã‚ÍŠ³ŽÒ•ÊIMRT QA‚É“K—p‚µ�C�ü—Ê•ª•z•]‰¿‚ւ̉e‹¿‚ðŒŸ�Ø‚·‚é•K—v‚ª‚ ‚é�D No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japanese Society of Veterinary Science Acta Medica Okayama 0916-7250 88 8 2026 Comparison of three irradiation ways with Monte Carlo calculation for the feline lymphoma with orthovoltage radiation therapy 1239 1245 EN Yuki NEMOTO Department of Veterinary Radiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University Yoshinori TANABE Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Ryouta ONIZUKA Department of Radiology, Kokura Memorial Hospital Munekazu NAKAICHI Department of Veterinary Radiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University Although orthovoltage radiation therapy remains widely used in veterinary medicine in Japan due to its affordability and operational simplicity, accurate calculation of dose distribution is challenging. Treatment planning varies between practitioners and tends to rely on empirical methods. This study aimed to compare the effects of three different orthovoltage beam directions on dose distribution in feline nasal lymphoma using Monte Carlo simulations. CT images from five clinical cases were analyzed using three irradiation plans: Plan A (beam directed perpendicularly to the hard palate), Plan B (perpendicularly to the nasal bridge), and Plan C (from the oral cavity). Each plan used a 4 �~ 4 cm field and delivered a 10 Gy dose at 280 kVp. Doses to the tumor, brain, and both eyes were calculated. Mean dose for the tumor did not significantly differ among the three plans. Plan B resulted in significantly higher doses to the ipsilateral eye compared to Plan C, but delivered the lowest brain dose. Depth-dose analysis revealed a peak just above the bone at the beam entrance, followed by a sharp attenuation in all plans. These findings suggest that beam direction substantially affects dose distribution in orthovoltage therapy, particularly for organs at risk including superficial bones and overlying skin. Meticulous planning is essential to ensure sufficient tumor dose coverage while mitigating and distributing adverse effects, especially in complex regions like the feline nasal cavity. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 2168-8184 16 11 2024 Curve Progression After the Termination of Bracing for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Usefulness of Combining the Proximal Femur Maturity Index (PFMI) and Risser Staging e73395 EN Hisakazu Shitozawa Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Medicine, Division of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Haruo Misawa Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ryusou Orthopaedic Hospital Koji Uotani Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Tomoko Tetsunaga Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Kensuke Shinohara Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yoshiaki Oda Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Masataka Ueda Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Medicine, Division of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Ryo Takatori Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Medicine, Division of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kazutaka Yamashita Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Medicine, Division of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Background<br> The brace therapy for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) typically ends upon the end of growth. However, determining the timing of growth cessation can be challenging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of the proximal femur maturity index (PFMI), which can be assessed simultaneously with Risser staging without requiring additional radiation exposure, in determining the appropriate timing to terminate bracing. To achieve this, we investigated the relationship between skeletal maturity at the end of bracing, post-bracing curve progression, and height growth in patients who had been successfully treated with a brace.<br> Methods<br> Between April 2010 and March 2021, a total of 84 female patients with AIS who started bracing at our hospital with an initial Cobb angle of 20-40 degrees were included. All patients were followed for at least one year after brace termination. Height and radiographic parameters (Risser staging, PFMI, Cobb angle) were retrospectively collected.<br> Results<br> At the end of the bracing period, patients were categorized into Risser stage 4 (85.7%) and 5 (14.3%). By the last follow-up, patients with Risser stage 4 experienced an average main curve progression of 1.8�‹, whereas those with Risser stage 5 had an average progression of �|0.3�‹ (P = 0.03). Patients with Risser stage 4 were further divided into PFMI grade 5 (59.7%) and 6 (40.3%). Significant curve progression was observed in patients with PFMI grade 5 (average: 3.0�‹) compared to grade 6 (average: -0.6�‹) (P < 0.0001). The mean height growth was 1.9 cm/year for PFMI grade 5, and 0.3 cm/year for grade 6, with significant differences between these groups (P < 0.001).<br> Conclusions<br> PFMI allowed further categorization within Risser stage 4: PFMI grade 5 indicated remaining growth potential and risk of postbracing curve progression, whereas grade 6 indicated growth cessation. The combined use of Risser staging and PFMI, both evaluable through the same whole-spine radiograph, may provide a more accurate prediction of growth cessation. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 1526-9914 27 7 2026 Potential of quantitative X�]ray imaging from photon�]counting CT: A novel analysis based on effective atomic number and physical density e70673 EN Takashi Asahara Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Rina Nishigami Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University Natsumi Kimoto Department of Radiological Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Junshin Gakuen University Mana Mitani Division of Radiological Technology, Medical Support Department, Okayama University Hospital Yusuke Morimitsu Division of Radiological Technology, Medical Support Department, Okayama University Hospital Noriaki Akagi Division of Radiological Technology, Medical Support Department, Okayama University Hospital Fumiyo Higaki Department of Radiology, Medical Development Field, Okayama University Toshihiro Iguchi Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Takao Hiraki Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Hiroaki Hayashi College of Transdisciplinary Sciences for Innovation Kanazawa University Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan Background: Conventional CT assessment of lung lesions is based mainly on morphological features. CT values represent relative X-ray attenuation that does not directly reflect tissue composition and/or physical density. Quantitative imaging using photon-counting CT (PC-CT) has the potential to provide quantitative parameters, such as effective atomic number (Zeff) and effective physical density (ƒÏeff).<br> Purpose: The purpose is to develop and demonstrate the potential of an algorithm that generates both the Zeff and ƒÏeff images, derived directly from virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) acquired with a clinical PC-CT system.<br> Methods: The ƒÏeff image was generated by fitting a database of mass attenuation coefficients (ƒÊ/ƒÏ) to the measured linear attenuation coefficients (ƒÊ), which were obtained from two VMIs at 70 and 100 keV. As an effective material, Zeff information was also determined and fed back into the ƒÏeff calculation. An in-house low-density phantom was scanned for quantitative evaluation of ƒÏeff. In addition, to demonstrate the applicability of our procedure to actual clinical imaging, representative chest PC-CT images from patients were analyzed.<br> Results: In experiments using low-density phantoms, the CT values did not necessarily correlate with Zeff values, but they showed a very good correlation with the ƒÏeff values. The ƒÏeff values calculated using our procedure correlated well with the correct values of ƒÏ. A relative root mean square error of ƒÏeff calculation was 5.5%. Furthermore, we found that in pulmonary diagnosis, image contrast information from ƒÏeff makes it easier to identify and distinguish lesions compared to that from Zeff.<br> Conclusions: The proposed procedure directly generated Zeff and ƒÏeff images from PC-CT data and enabled quantitative interpretation of CT value in terms of elemental composition and physical density. In this study, the feasibility of generating Zeff and ƒÏeff images was demonstrated. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0916-9636 49 7 2026 Effect of population-approach programs promoting salt reduction and potassium intake in Japan: the Population-based Sodium/Potassium Improvement Program (PoSPIP) 1992 2003 EN Takashi Hisamatsu Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Minako Kinuta Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takayoshi Ohkubo Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine Takuya Tsuchihashi Cardiovascular Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital Katsushi Yoshita Department of Public Health, Nutrition, School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University Yukari Takemi Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University Hitomi Hayabuchi Graduate School of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka Women�fs University Yukiko Okami Gunma University Center for Food Science and Wellness Kaori Kitaoka NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Keiko Sakaguchi Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Shukutoku University Atsushi Hozawa Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Tomonori Okamura Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine Hiroshi Itoh Japanese Society of Hypertension Hiromi Rakugi Japanese Society of Hypertension Koichi Node Japanese Society of Hypertension Katsuyuki Miura NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Reducing sodium intake in populations is essential, but insufficient for preventing and managing high blood pressure, while the importance of increasing potassium intake is overlooked. We investigated the effects of 1-year population-approach programs (2021–2022) promoting salt reduction and potassium intake using urinalysis feedback and food environment improvement. This retrospective observational study included 7649 participants (mean age, 54.0 years; 45.3% women) from 11 municipalities and 4 workplaces. Outcomes in intensive support programs�\including urinary sodium, potassium, and sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio measurements with feedback, dietary promotion, and food environment improvement�\were compared with standard support programs providing usual health guidance. In linear regression adjusted for demographics, lifestyle factors, and medical history, the reduction in urinary Na/K ratio was greater in the intensive support group (n = 4064) than in the standard support group (n = 3585) (mean difference �|0.14 [95% confidence interval, �|0.27 to �|0.01]). Although estimated potassium intake decreased in both groups, the decline was smaller in the intensive support group (mean difference 31 [12 to 51] mg/day). Estimated salt intake did not differ between the groups. The intensive support group showed greater increases in diastolic blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and smaller increases in blood glucose, as well as greater reductions in hemoglobin A1c and Salt Check Sheet scores. Mean differences between the groups for endpoints were not heterogeneous across intensive support program types. Our findings support the development of hypertension prevention and management strategies that promote healthier dietary behaviors and can be implemented in community and workplace settings, with broad public health applicability. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0721-832X 2026 Dissociation between globe shape-induced rectus muscle pulley displacement and abduction limitation in patients aged 40 years and older with high myopic strabismus EN Reika Kono Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ichiro Hamasaki Lino Eye Clinic Fumiko Kishimoto Division of Ophthalmology, Ibara City Hospital Kiyo Shibata Lino Eye Clinic Shin Morisawa Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Morizane Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Purpose We hypothesized that high myopia (HM)-induced globe deformation displaces rectus muscle (RM) pulleys, contributing to mild ocular motility restriction. This study investigated the effects of globe shape on RM pulley positions in older Japanese patients with acquired strabismus (AS) and mild motility restriction�\defined as the ability to abduct both eyes beyond the midline.<br> Methods In this retrospective case series, 28 patients (mean age �} standard deviation: 61.2 �} 9.0 years) with adult-onset AS were included: 6 patients with (LAB group) and 22 patients without abduction limitation (NLAB group). In each subject, the eye with the longer axial length (AL ≥ 26 mm), measured using an AL measurement apparatus, was analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RM pulley positions relative to the globe center and equatorial diameter (ED) were measured; the ED-to-AL ratio (EAR) was calculated. We compared these parameters between groups and analyzed correlations of globe-shape factors (EAR, AL, and ED) with pulley positions and age.<br> Results No significant differences in EAR, AL, ED, or pulley positions were detected between LAB and NLAB groups, possibly owing to the limited sample size and group imbalance, in the analyzed eyes. However, as EAR decreased (prolate deformation), the superior rectus (SR) pulley (r = 0.68, P < 0.01) and inferior rectus (IR) pulley (r = 0.40, P = 0.03) significantly displaced nasally. AL (r = -0.52, P < 0.01) correlated with the horizontal SR pulley position. Furthermore, age significantly correlated with AL (r = 0.45, P = 0.02) and decrease in EAR (r = -0.41, P = 0.03).<br> Conclusions In older Japanese patients with HM and AS, prolate globe deformation was associated with age and significantly correlated with SR and IR pulley positions. While the direct relationship between these structural changes and the clinical degree of mild abduction limitation requires further investigation in larger cohorts, EAR sensitively reflected age-related morphological shifts; thus, when used in conjunction with AL, EAR may represent a readily measurable MRI-based parameter associated with restrictive motility tendencies in strabismus with high myopia. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 1078-8174 32 6 2026 Students�f perceptions of an electronic one-minute paper in a radiography training programme: An exploratory cross-sectional questionnaire study 103486 EN Y. Komatsu Division of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University S. Abe Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Care Sciences, Jikei University of Health Care Sciences S. Tsudou Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Care Sciences, Jikei University of Health Care Sciences Y. Yamamoto Division of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Y. Tanabe Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Radiological Technology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama University Introduction: Formative assessment can support health professions education; however, reports on electronic 1-min papers as classroom feedback and engagement tools in radiography programmes remain limited. This study explored radiography students�f perceptions of an electronic 1-min paper, focusing on in-class reflection, ease of asking questions, and instructor feedback.<br> Methods: An electronic 1-min paper was used in a radiotherapy course across 45 class sessions in the 2024 academic year for third-year students enrolled in a 4-year radiography programme. Each 90-min class comprised a 60-min lecture, 10-min completion of the paper, and 20-min instructor feedback. After the course, a de-identified online questionnaire was administered. Eleven 5-point Likert-scale items were analysed using descriptive statistics and Spearman's rank correlations. Free-text responses were analysed using inductive qualitative content analysis.<br> Results: Of the 77 eligible students, 74 responded (96.1%). Ease of use received the highest rating (mean, 4.76; standard deviation [SD], 0.52), followed by ease of asking questions (mean, 4.32), question resolution (mean, 4.16), and usefulness of instructor feedback (mean, 4.08). Motivation to review after class was lowest (mean, 3.04; SD, 1.16). Active participation showed a strong positive association with in-class concentration (rs = 0.815; P < 0.001). Free-text responses indicated reflection and improved understanding, anonymous sharing of questions, active listening and concentration, and suggestions for improvement.<br> Conclusion: The electronic 1-min paper was widely accepted and perceived to support in-class reflection, question expression, and immediate feedback. However, students�f perceptions of its influence on out-of-class review motivation were limited. The findings indicate perceived value and engagement rather than demonstrated educational effectiveness.<br> Implications for practice: Electronic 1-min papers may help instructors identify students�f questions and respond during class, providing a practical approach to in-class feedback. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 80 3 2026 HIP COMPASS®: A Mechanical Intraoperative Navigation Guide Associated with Improved Revision-Free Implant Survivorship after Ceramic-on-Ceramic Total Hip Arthroplasty at Minimum 10-Year Follow-up 195 202 EN Yoshiaki Tei Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Norio Imai Division of Comprehensive Musculoskeletal Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Keishi Kimura Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Yuki Hirano Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Yoji Horigome Division of Comprehensive Musculoskeletal Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Ken Suda Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Hiroyuki Kawashima Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Original Article /10.18926/AMO/70855 HIP COMPASS® has demonstrated improved accuracy in intraoperative support for the acetabular component insertion angle. We assessed long-term revision-free implant survivorship following total hip arthroplasty (THA) using HIP COMPASS, with ≥10 years of follow-up. We retrospectively analyzed 210 hips of 186 patients who underwent cementless THA with ceramic-on-ceramic bearing couples, with or without HIP COMPASS. The mean follow-up duration was 10.8 years in the HIp COMPASS group and 12.7 years in the control group. Overall, 86.0% and 78.2% of cups were placed within Lewinnek�fs safe zone with and without HIP COMPASS, respectively. Variability in radiographic inclination and anteversion was greater in the control group than in the HIP COMPASS group. Dislocation rates were 3.2% in the control group and 1.2% in the HIP COMPASS group, with no significant difference between groups. The control group had a significantly higher revision rate than the HIP COMPASS group (7.3% vs. 1.2%). Use of HIP COMPASS was associated with improved long-term revision-free implant survivorship over ≥ 10 years and more consistent acetabular component positioning at an appropriate insertion angle, which may contribute to stable initial fixation. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0721-832X 2026 Age-related changes in the orbital pulley array of older Japanese adults with acquired exotropia EN Reika Kono Department of Ophthalmology,, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ichiro Hamasaki Lino Eye Clinic Fumiko Kishimoto Division of Ophthalmology, Ibara City Hospital Kiyo Shibata Lino Eye Clinic Shin Morisawa Department of Ophthalmology,, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Morizane Department of Ophthalmology,, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Purpose: To evaluate age-related changes in the orbital pulley array using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in older Japanese adults with acquired exotropia (XT) compared with young healthy participants (YHP).<br> Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional case series, MRI images of 30 eyes from fifteen patients (age ≥ 60 years) with distance XT and no high myopia were compared with those of 14 eyes from seven YHP. Rectus muscle (RM) pulley positions relative to the globe center were assessed. The lateral rectus muscle–superior rectus (LR–SR) band was evaluated for rupture.<br> Results: Mean age of patients with XT was 73.7 �} 5.5 years. Compared with YHP, patients with XT showed significant inferior displacement of the lateral rectus (LR) pulley (–3.6 �} 1.2 mm vs. �| 2.0 �} 1.1 mm, p < 0.01) and temporal displacement of the superior rectus (SR) pulley (–0.4 �} 1.2 mm vs. �| 1.6 �} 0.8 mm, p < 0.01). No significant differences were observed in medial rectus or inferior rectus pulley positions. Inferior LR pulley displacement correlated with inferior SR pulley displacement (r = 0.41, p = 0.03), whereas no significant relationship was observed between LR pulley position and MR or IR pulley position. Rupture of the LR–SR band was observed in 24 orbits (80.0%).<br> Conclusion: Older Japanese adults with XT exhibit localized pulley displacement and LR–SR band rupture. These structural changes differ from the global sagging observed in sagging eye syndrome and may contribute to the pathogenesis of acquired exotropia in older adults. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 1347-9032 2026 Afatinib Overcomes Osimertinib Resistance via Egfr V804F Mutation in a Syngeneic Egfr-Mutant Lung Cancer Mouse Model 1 17 EN Takaaki Tanaka Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masato Fujitani Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research Masataka Taoka Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Iwao Shimomura Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research Sachi Okawa Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shunta Mori Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tadahiro Kuribayashi Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jun Nishimura Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomoka Nishimura Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ayako Morita Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Naofumi Hara Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Kiichiro Ninomiya Center for Comprehensive Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Go Makimoto Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hisao Higo Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Kammei Rai Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Eiki Ichihara Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Shuta Tomida Center for Comprehensive Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Katsuyuki Hotta Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Yosuke Togashi Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Yoshinobu Maeda Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Katsuyuki Kiura Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Ryohei Katayama Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research Kadoaki Ohashi Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Osimertinib is the standard first-line treatment for advanced EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. However, acquired resistance invariably develops, and identifying novel resistance pathways is clinically important as a substantial portion remains undefined. We used an immunocompetent syngeneic lung cancer mouse model harboring an Egfr exon 19 deletion (mDEL tumors) to establish acquired resistance. Osimertinib-resistant tumors were generated in vivo using a drug-holiday/re-challenge protocol. The resistance mechanism was identified using Sanger sequencing, receptor tyrosine kinase arrays, and western blotting. Egfr V804F knock-in cells were generated using CRISPR/Cas9, and their sensitivity to osimertinib and afatinib was assessed in vitro and in vivo. We established two distinct osimertinib-resistant tumor lines in a syngeneic lung cancer mouse model (mDEL OsiR #1/#3). The analysis revealed an on-target secondary Egfr V804F mutation (corresponding to human EGFR V802F) in both tumor lines. Importantly, Egfr V804F knock-in cells demonstrated significant osimertinib resistance, with a 5.7–10.5-fold increase in in vitro IC50 (mean, 8.2-fold), but remained highly sensitive to afatinib. Furthermore, afatinib effectively overcame osimertinib resistance in the V804F knock-in cell-derived mouse model. Consistently, afatinib treatment resulted in marked tumor shrinkage and suppression of EGFR signaling in the established mDEL OsiR #1/#3 in vivo. These findings establish secondary Egfr V804F/EGFR V802F as an on-target osimertinib resistance mechanism, providing a preclinical rationale for evaluating afatinib in biomarker-selected patients harboring this alteration. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

International Institute of Anticancer Research Acta Medica Okayama 0258-851X 40 1 2026 Modified Subtraction Technique for the Middle Hepatic Vein Tributary and Glissonean Pedicle in Right Lobe Graft Procurement 349 354 EN KOSEI TAKAGI Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences TOMOKAZU FUJI Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences KAZUYA YASUI Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences TAKEYOSHI NISHIYAMA Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences YASUO NAGAI Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences SHOHEI YOKOYAMA Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences YUZO UMEDA Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine TOSHIYOSHI FUJIWARA Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background/Aim: The procurement of right lobe grafts while preserving the middle hepatic vein (MHV) tributaries (V5 and V8) just before graft retrieval is technically challenging. Moreover, the safe isolation of the hepatic duct from the Glissonean pedicle is essential in living donor hepatectomy. To date, few studies have reported surgical techniques for preserving the MHV tributaries during right lobe graft procurement.<br> Patients and Methods: This report presents our modified subtraction technique for managing the MHV tributaries and Glissonean pedicle during right lobe graft procurement. First, a subtraction technique for the MHV tributaries was initiated by isolating the right Glissonean pedicle. The lower tip of the tape was placed behind the caudate lobe and passed behind the right hepatic vein. Each end of the tape was then passed behind V5 and V8, followed by dissection of the remaining liver parenchyma between them. Subsequently, a subtraction technique for the Glissonean pedicle was applied to safely isolate the right hepatic duct and hilar plate.<br> Results: Between September 2011 and May 2025, seven donors underwent right lobe graft procurement using the subtraction technique for the middle hepatic vein tributaries. The mean operative time was 381 min with an estimated blood loss of 217 ml. Using the subtraction technique, all middle hepatic vein tributaries were preserved just before graft retrieval.<br> Conclusion: This study presents subtraction techniques used during living donor hepatectomy. The technique may facilitate liver parenchyma dissection while preserving MHV tributaries just before graft retrieval and isolating the Glissonean pedicle. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1068-9265 33 7 2026 Association of Preoperative Inspiratory Muscle Weakness and Respiratory Sarcopenia with Postoperative Pneumonia Following Esophagectomy: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study 6296 6305 EN Kazuki Okura Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Akita University Hospital Tomohiro Ikeda Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Hiroki Sato Department of Rehabilitation, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare Sho Katayama Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Yusuke Takahashi Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Akita University Hospital Yushi Nagaki Department of Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital Akiyuki Wakita Department of Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital Naoaki Maeda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Shunsuke Tanabe Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yoshinori Fujiwara Department of Digestive Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School Kazuhiro Noma Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yusuke Sato Department of Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital Yuji Kasukawa Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Akita University Hospital Naohisa Miyakoshi Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Akita University Hospital Background Esophagectomy is associated with a high rate of postoperative pneumonia, which significantly impacts patient outcomes, including survival and quality of life. While some modifiable risk factors have been identified, the specific role of preoperative respiratory muscle function remains to be fully elucidated. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the association of preoperative inspiratory muscle weakness (IMW) and respiratory sarcopenia (RS) with postoperative pneumonia in patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy.<br> Methods Patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy between July 2021 and June 2023 were enrolled in this multicenter, retrospective, cohort study. The primary outcome was postoperative pneumonia, while preoperative IMW and RS were the main exposures. Respiratory sarcopenia was defined as the presence of both IMW and low skeletal muscle mass, which is assessed by using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Associations were analyzed by using G-computation within a Bayesian framework.<br> Results A total of 213 patients were enrolled in this study. Postoperative pneumonia occurred in 42 patients (19.7%). Preoperative IMW was strongly associated with an increased risk of pneumonia, with a mean risk difference (RD) of 18.1% (95% credible interval [CrI] 5–33.6). The posterior probability that the RD exceeds 5% was > 98%. Respiratory sarcopenia also showed a potential association, although with greater uncertainty (mean RD, 11.2%; 95% CrI �| 3.8 to 27.9). The posterior probability that the RD exceeds 5% was 76.7%.<br> Conclusions Preoperative IMW is a notable risk factor for postoperative pneumonia following esophagectomy. While a potential link with RS was found, its role remains uncertain and requires further investigation. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 2667-2421 20 2026 Behavioral effects of a chronic envy-like stress paradigm in mice using an adjacent cage model 148 159 EN Hiroshi Ueno Department of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare Yoshihiro Tanaka Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School Eriko Kitano Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School Yu Takahashi Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School Sachiko Mori Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School Shinji Murakami Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School Kenta Wani Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School Yosuke Matsumoto Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Motoi Okamoto Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Takeshi Ishihara Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School Background: Social comparison and envy are significant psychosocial stressors in humans and are known to be involved in the onset and persistence of psychiatric disorders. However, animal models capable of experimentally reproducing the effects of indirect social comparison without physical contact are limited. In this study, we used a newly developed "adjacent-cage paradigm" to investigate whether chronic vicarious exposure to conspecifics in different environments induces envy-like stress in mice.<br> Methods: Male C57BL/6 N mice served as observers, while demonstrator mice were assigned to one of four conditions: (1) an environment enriched with objects, (2) an igloo, (3) a tube, or (4) social isolation. Observers were continuously exposed to these adjacent cages for 21 days. Subsequently, a comprehensive battery of behavioral tests was conducted to assess general health, anxiety-like behavior, spatial memory, social behavior, and depression-like behavior.<br> Results: In the objects condition, a decrease in time spent in the light compartment of the light/dark box indicated an increase in anxiety-like behavior. In the isolation condition, the mean duration per social interaction was shortened, suggesting a qualitative change in social behavior. The igloo condition resulted in reduced immobility time in the forced swim test, suggesting a possible alteration in stress coping behavior. Furthermore, increased nociceptive sensitivity was observed in the hot plate test under both the objects and isolation conditions.<br> Conclusion: Although the envy-like stress paradigm did not affect many behavioral indices, it did cause condition-dependent and limited behavioral changes. This suggests that the paradigm may serve as a novel model for capturing psychological and context-dependent social stress, which differs from conventional physical stress models. Elucidating the neural basis of this paradigm is expected to contribute to the understanding of how social comparison affects mental health in modern society. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI AG Acta Medica Okayama 1422-0067 27 2 2026 Possible Involvement of Hypothalamic Dysfunction in Long COVID Patients Characterized by Delayed Response to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone 832 EN Yuki Otsuka Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshiaki Soejima Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasuhiro Nakano Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Atsuhito Suyama Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ryosuke Takase Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kohei Oguni Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yohei Masuda Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Daisuke Omura Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasue Sakurada Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yui Matsuda Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toru Hasegawa Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Honda Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuki Tokumasu Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Keigo Ueda Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Fumio Otsuka Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Long COVID (LC) may involve endocrine dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To examine hypothalamic–pituitary responses in patients with LC, we conducted a single-center retrospective study of patients with refractory LC referred to our University Hospital who underwent anterior pituitary stimulation tests. Between February 2021 and November 2025, 1251 patients with long COVID were evaluated, of whom 207 (19%) had relatively low random ACTH or cortisol levels. Ultimately, 16 underwent anterior pituitary stimulation tests and were included. All tests were performed in an inpatient setting without exogenous steroids. Fifteen patients (six women, mean age 35.6 years) underwent corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) tests. All patients had mild acute COVID-19, eight had ≥2 vaccinations, and the mean interval from infection was 343 days. Frequent symptoms included fatigue (100%), insomnia (66.7%), headache (60.0%), anorexia/nausea (40.0%), and brain fog (40.0%). Mean early-morning cortisol and 24 h urinary free cortisol were 7.5 ƒÊg/dL and 41.0 ƒÊg/day, respectively. MRI showed an empty sella in one case. Peak hormonal responses were preserved (ƒ¢ACTH 247%, ƒ¢TSH 918%, ƒ¢PRL 820%, ƒ¢FSH 187%, ƒ¢LH 1150%); however, peaks were delayed beyond 60 min in ACTH (13%), LH (33%), and FSH (87%). Notably, significantly delayed elevations remained at 120 min in the responses of TSH (4.1-fold), PRL (1.8-fold), LH (9.3-fold), and FSH (2.8-fold), suggesting possible hypothalamic involvement, particularly in the gonadotropin responses. Additionally, serum IGF-I was lowered (�|0.70 SD), while GH response (mean peak 35.5 ng/mL) was preserved by growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP)-2 stimulation. Low-dose hydrocortisone and testosterone were initiated for three patients. Although direct viral effects and secondary suppression have been proposed, our findings may suggest that, at least in part, the observed response characteristics are consistent with functional secondary hypothalamic dysfunction rather than irreversible primary injury. These findings highlight the need for objective endocrine evaluation before initiating hormone replacements. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1342-1751 2026 Optimizing low-dose rituximab protocol for ABO-mismatched kidney transplantation: long-term outcomes in a single-center retrospective cohort study EN Tomoaki Yamanoi Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takanori Sekito Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Moto Tokunaga Department of Urology, NHO Okayama Medical Center Ichiro Tsuboi Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kasumi Yoshinaga Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Maruyama Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Tatsushi Kawada Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Risa Kubota Department of Urology, NHO Okayama Medical Center Yusuke Tominaga Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takuya Sadahira Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Satoshi Katayama Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takehiro Iwata Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shingo Nishimura Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kensuke Bekku Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasuhiro Onishi Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hidemi Takeuchi Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Katsuyuki Tanabe Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroshi Morinaga Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Koichiro Wada Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine Motoo Araki Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background ABO-mismatched kidney transplantation (KTx) expands donor availability but increases risks of antibody-mediated rejection and passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS). While rituximab (Rit) potentially mitigates these complications, conventional high-dose regimens (375 mg/m2) elevate infectious and hematologic toxicity. We implemented low-dose Rit induction (200 mg/body) for desensitization in minor/major ABO-mismatched and DSA-positive KTx, evaluating its efficacy and safety over 15-years.<br> Methods This single-center retrospective cohort (May 2009–April 2024) analyzed 161 adult KTx recipients: Rit (n = 107) and Non-Rit (n = 54) groups. All received tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, prednisolone, and basiliximab; high-risk patients also underwent plasmapheresis. Outcomes included graft survival, biopsy-proven acute rejection, de novo donor-specific antibody (DSA) formation, infection, severe neutropenia, and PLS.<br> Results 1-year graft survival was 100% in both groups. 5-year death-censored graft survival was 95.8% (Rit) vs 95.9% (Non-Rit), respectively (log-rank P = 0.43). Biopsy-proven acute rejection (7.5% vs 3.7%, P = 0.50) and de novo DSA production were equivalent (Class I: 5.5% vs 2.2%; Class II: 6.6% vs 8.7%; both P = 1.00), with lower mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) in the Rit group. Cytomegalovirus disease, urinary tract infection and fungal infection rates were comparable between both groups. Grade 4 neutropenia was not associated with Rit (OR 2.65; 95% CI 0.63–11.0; P = 0.18). Blood transfusion for hemoglobin declines occurred in 5.6% vs 7.4%, with preserved haptoglobin in all cases, indicating no PLS.<br> Conclusions Low-dose Rit induction achieves excellent graft survival and effective PLS prevention, without increasing toxicity, supporting its adoption as an optimal desensitization strategy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

BMJ Acta Medica Okayama 2053-3624 13 1 2026 Predictive value of simple echocardiographic parameters for screening pulmonary hypertension under the revised definition: a study for general hospitals e004185 EN Yoshitake Fukuda Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Satoshi Akagi Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Satoshi Taya Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kentaro Ejiri Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoichi Takaya Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshihiro Dohi Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kure Kyosai Hospital Shinsuke Yuasa Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background The current guideline recommends a peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) ≥2.9 m/s on echocardiography for pulmonary hypertension (PH) screening; however, this threshold was based on the previous PH definition (mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥25 mm Hg) and derived largely from PH referral centres.<br> Methods We retrospectively analysed 755 patients who underwent both transthoracic echocardiography and right heart catheterisation at two general hospitals. The discrimination of peak TRV and estimated right atrial pressure (eRAP), derived from inferior vena cava diameter and respiratory variation, for screening for PH was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Optimal cut-off values were determined with the Youden Index.<br> Results The c-statistic for peak TRV in detecting PH was 0.82 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.85). An optimal cut-off of 2.7 m/s provided higher sensitivity (72%) than the conventional 2.9 m/s threshold (60%) while maintaining high specificity (82%). In 681 patients with available TRV and eRAP data, adding eRAP improved discrimination compared with TRV alone (c-statistic 0.83 vs 0.80; net reclassification improvement=0.14, p=0.002). eRAP ≥5 mm Hg was associated with a higher risk of PH, and the combination of elevated TRV and eRAP yielded the strongest association.<br> Conclusion For screening under the revised PH definition, a peak TRV of 2.7 m/s is suggested as the optimal cut-off. Although TRV alone showed good discriminative performance, combining it with eRAP further improved diagnostic accuracy using simple echocardiographic measures. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1867-1071 2026 Appropriate dose reduction using photon-counting detector CT for temporal bone imaging: phantom and clinical studies with helical acquisition EN Yuka Takahashi Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Fumiyo Higaki Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuko Nakamura Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hiroshima University Toru Higaki Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Akiko Sugaya Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toshiharu Mitsuhashi Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Takahiro Kitayama Department of Radiology, Medical Development Field, Okayama University Yusuke Morimitsu Department of Radiological Technology, Okayama University Hospital Tomohiro Inoue Department of Radiological Technology, Okayama University Hospital Noriaki Akagi Department of Radiological Technology, Okayama University Hospital Yusuke Matsui Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toshihiro Iguchi Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Kazuo Awai Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hiroshima University Takao Hiraki Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Purpose: To determine the extent of possible dose reduction with photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) while maintaining image quality equivalent to that of energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT) images at standard dose in the temporal bone.<br> Materials and methods: PCD-CT and EID-CT imaging quality were compared by visual evaluation of clinical temporal bone images and visual scores with Welch�fs t-test at standard dose. A head phantom was used to evaluate imaging quality under dose reduction. The detectability index (d�f) of the PCD-CT images at various dose levels and the EID-CT images at standard dose was evaluated. Dose reduction limit with PCD-CT used in the subsequent clinical evaluation was determined as the lowest dose with image quality equal to or better than EID-CT. The clinical equivalence of PCD-CT image quality at the determined reduced dose to that with EID-CT at standard dose was evaluated using visual scores. Equivalence was determined if the 95% confidence intervals of differences did not exceed the equivalence margin of �}1.<br> Results: At standard doses, PCD-CT images demonstrated significantly higher visual scores than EID-CT images (3.73 vs. 2.56 for incudomalleolar joint, 3.75 vs. 2.63 for stapes, 3.54 vs. 2.52 for cochlea, and 3.58 vs. 2.46 for facial nerve canal; all P 0.001). In the phantom study, the d�f value was 0.15 with EID-CT at standard dose and was 0.12 and 0.17 with PCD-CT at 25% and 50% of the standard dose, respectively. Clinically, the mean visual scores of PCD-CT images at 50% of the standard dose were equivalent to EID-CT images at standard dose in all regions (3.58 vs. 3.12 for incudomalleolar joint, 3.46 vs. 3.19 for stapes, 3.50 vs. 3.08 for cochlea, 3.58 vs. 3.27 for facial nerve canal).<br> Conclusion: PCD-CT may preserve image quality even at 50% of the standard dose in the temporal bone. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 2045-2322 16 2026 Sex-related differences in blood concentrations and emergence profiles following total intravenous anesthesia with remimazolam and remifentanil 13650 EN Riko Sato Department of Dental Anesthesiology and Special Care Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hitoshi Higuchi Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Okayama University Hospital Yukiko Nishioka Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Okayama University Hospital Saki Miyake Department of Dental Anesthesiology and Special Care Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takuya Miyawaki Department of Dental Anesthesiology and Special Care Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Remimazolam is a novel, short-acting benzodiazepine, which is characterized by rapid onset and quick recovery. The clinical efficacy and metabolism of many intravenous anesthetics are known to be influenced by sex; however, the effects of sex on the anesthetic efficacy and metabolism of remimazolam remain unclear. This prospective observational study examined sex-related differences in pharmacokinetics and emergence profiles after total intravenous anesthesia was induced with remimazolam and remifentanil in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery. Thirty-five American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status 1 adults (19 females, 16 males), aged 18–49 years, received standardized dosing based on their actual body weights. Serum remimazolam concentrations were measured at the end of administration and immediately before extubation using high-performance liquid chromatography. Although the emergence time did not differ significantly between the sexes, the mean emergence time of the females was approximately 80 s shorter. Serum remimazolam concentrations were significantly lower in females at both measurement time points (p < 0.001). This may suggest that remimazolam is metabolized more rapidly in women. Although these sex-related pharmacokinetic differences did not affect the time to awakening under combined remimazolam and remifentanil anesthesia, clinicians should be aware of potential sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of remimazolam. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 80 2 2026 Mini-open Corpectomy and Posterior Spinal Fixation with Single-Position Surgery in Lateral Decubitus Position for Osteoporotic Thoracolumbar Vertebral Collapse in Elderly Patients 119 129 EN Hisanori Ikuma Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital Tomohiko Hirose Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital Keisuke Kawasaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital Kazutoshi Otsuka Otsuka Orthopedic Clinic Original Article 10.18926/AMO/70454 We evaluated the clinical outcomes and limitations of anterior and posterior combined surgery with a mini-open corpectomy applying an expandable cage (Xcore®) and percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) fixation using single-position surgery in the lateral decubitus position in patients aged > 75 years with thoracolumbar vertebral collapse. The cases of 30 consecutive patients who underwent this procedure and had ≥ 1-year follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. The mean operative time was 78.8 min and the estimated blood loss was 115.7 ml per level. The complications included adjacent junctional failure (n=9, 30%), deep venous thrombosis (n=3, 10%), delirium (n=3, 10%), pleural injury (n=2, 6%), screw backout (n=1, 3%) kidney injury (n=1, 3%), chylothorax (n=1, 3%), and wound dehiscence (n=1, 3%). Seven cases (23.3%) required reoperation. Local kyphosis showed significant improvement (p<0.05) that was maintained at the final follow-up. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire and a visual analogue scale indicated significant improvement in all categories at the final follow-up (p<0.05). The use of mini-open corpectomy and posterior fixation with SPAPS can thus provide reliable radiological correction and good postoperative clinical outcomes even in patients aged > 75 years. However, a limitation of this procedure is the rate of reoperation (23.3%) for osteoporosis-related adjacent segment fracture and screw backout. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 80 2 2026 A Mixed-Methods Study on Changes in Interprofessional Education Attitudes and Fundamental Competencies: A Pre–Post Analysis of Clinical Training in Dietetic Students 109 117 EN Mika Sonoi Department of Foods and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Notre Dame Seishin University Norihiro Sonoi Center for Education in Medicine and Health Sciences, Okayama University Yoko Koyama Department of Foods and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Notre Dame Seishin University Original Article /10.18926/AMO/70453 This study examined the effects of interprofessional education (IPE) on dietetics students during clinical training, focusing on changes in their attitudes toward IPE and their fundamental competencies. Eighty third-year female students (mean age, 21.0 years) at a Japanese women�fs university participated. Self-administered surveys were conducted before and after clinical training to assess attitudes toward IPE using the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) and the Shakaijin Kisoryoku (SKL; Fundamental Competencies for Working Persons) scale. Quantitative data were analyzed using paired t-tests, chi-squared tests, and cluster analyses. Qualitative data from open-ended responses were analyzed thematically. RIPLS and SKL scores increased significantly, from 65.3 to 68.9, and from 28. 4 to 33. 2, respectively (p<0.001). All 12 SKL items showed significant improvement. In free responses, �ginitiative�h (66 mentions), �gcommunication�h (10), and �gexecution�h (8) were the most frequently cited as improved competencies. Cluster analysis identified three groups: increasing scores (n=25), high baseline (n=30), and minimal change (n=25). No significant correlation was found between changes in RIPLS and SKL scores (r=�|0.108, p=0.355). IPE integrated into clinical training may enhance dietetics students�f attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration and contribute to the development of professional identity. Individualized, phased IPE implementation is recommended to accommodate differences in learner readiness. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 80 2 2026 Consistent Clinical Outcomes of Anteroinferior Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis for Midshaft Clavicle Fractures Across AO/OTA Fracture Types 99 107 EN Nguyen Trung Thanh Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ryo Nakamichi Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasunori Shimamura Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kousei Hospital Taichi Saito Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takeshi Ishihara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomoki Furutani Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hisakazu Shitozawa Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomoyuki Noda Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Original Article 10.18926/AMO/70452 Although the performance of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) via the anteroinferior approach is increasingly adopted for midshaft clavicle fractures, the influence of fracture morphology on clinical outcomes under a standardized protocol is unclear. We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 54 patients who underwent anteroinferior MIPO for an acute midshaft clavicle fracture (AO/OTA types B1, B2, B3) performed by a single surgeon across three affiliated institutions (2009-2022). We evaluated the clinical outcomes, i.e., the surgical time, incision length, radiographic union, reduction accuracy, range of motion, pain (visual analog scale [VAS]), and complications and compared them among the three AO/OTA subtypes. The mean incision length (3.4 cm) and surgical time (71-79 min) were similar among the groups (both p>0.2). All fractures achieved radiographic union at a mean of 3.5 months. Postoperative alignment and clavicular length were maintained (length reduction �|1.0�}2.2 mm [B1], �|0.5�}2.0 mm [B2], �|0.6�}1.8 mm [B3]; p=0.825; angulation �|0.8�}3.4�‹, �|1.1�}3.1�‹, �|0.3�}3.3�‹; p=0.888). At 3 months, shoulder elevation and abduction were 169�‹-175�‹ (p=0.079) and 164�‹-175�‹ (p=0.324). Pain was minimal (100-mm VAS: ≤1 mm; p=0.782). One plate-fatigue failure occurred; no supraclavicular-nerve symptoms were recorded. Anteroinferior MIPO yielded consistent outcomes across AO/OTA types, with excellent union rates, functional recovery, and few complications, indicating that this technique is safe and reproducible for the surgical management of midshaft clavicle fractures. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 0168-1702 367 2026 Virome of the fungi associated with mushroom dry bubble disease 199714 EN Lóránt Hatvani Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Sakae Hisano Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Hitomi Sugahara Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Paul Telengech Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Sabitree Shahi Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Sarah Remi Ibiang Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Sándor Kocsubé Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged Tünde Kartali Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged David A. Fitzpatrick Genome Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biology, Maynooth University Helen Grogan Teagasc Food Research Center, Horticulture Development Department Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Dry bubble disease, attributed to the filamentous fungus Lecanicillium fungicola (Cordycipitaceae) results in huge yield losses in mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation worldwide. The possibilities for controlling the disease using commercial fungicides are highly limited, and therefore, there is an increasing demand for novel, alternative means of pest management. Our research objective was the comprehensive examination of viruses in the causal agents of dry bubble disease, which may open up an avenue for its virocontrol in the future. Out of 57 fungal isolates obtained from dry bubble-affected A. bisporus crops in various countries, 47 (82%) were confirmed by ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) sequence analysis as L. fungicola. In addition, different members of the genera Akanthomyces and Simplicillium (7 and 3 isolates, respectively), yet unknown to cause dry bubble symptoms, have also been detected. Cellulose column chromatography revealed the presence of double-stranded (ds) RNA in seven L. fungicola and three Akanthomyces sp. isolates, suggesting viral infection. The ten dsRNA-positive and eight randomly selected dsRNA-negative fungal strains were subjected to rRNA-depletion high-throughput RNA-sequencing analysis. The presence of seven new viruses representing four new species in the established families, Partitiviridae, Polymycoviridae, Botourmiaviridae and the narna-like virus group, and three previously established/proposed species in the families Chrysoviridae and �gMycovirgaviridae�h were confirmed. The impact of the detected and identified viruses on their host fungi, and their potential applicability for virocontrol purposes will be examined in the future. This study provides the first detailed report on viruses of mushroom pathogenic fungi. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Acta Medica Okayama 0278-0046 73 4 2026 Transverse- and Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Machine With C-Type SMC Stator: A Solution for Ultra-Flat Applications 5942 5953 EN Ren Tsunata Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Masatsugu Takemoto Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Jun Imai Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Tatsuya Saito Sumitomo Electric Sintered Alloy Ltd. Tomoyuki Ueno Sumitomo Electric Sintered Alloy Ltd. This article proposes a novel transverse- and axial-flux permanent magnet machine (T-AFPM) using a C-type stator core for reducing system size via an ultra-flat shape. With an axial length of only 19.7 mm, this ultra-flat shape contributes markedly to reducing system size in industrial applications such as water pumps. In general, AFPMs are suitable for a flat shape because of their high torque density with a short axial length. However, it is difficult to use conventional AFPMs to achieve an ultra-flat shape because of structural problems and insufficient performance. By contrast, the proposed T-AFPM achieves a highly manufacturable structure, high efficiency, and the required output power despite its extremely short axial length. Herein, the T-AFPM is compared with conventional AFPMs with various configurations by means of three-dimensional finite-element analysis, and experiments on a T-AFPM prototype are reported. From the simulation and experimental results, the proposed T-AFPM shows high efficiency (IE5 class), the required output power, and suitable structural properties for an ultra-flat shape. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 1347-9032 2026 ROWVA: A Structure-Based Metric for Predicting the Pathogenicity of Protein Variants Using Alphafold2 EN Taiki Furutani Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Yuka Okusha Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Hiroki Nagami Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Hiroko Hanafusa Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Shuta Tomida Center for Comprehensive Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Ryusuke Sawada Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yasuyuki Hosono Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Masahiro Nakatochi Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine p53, an important tumor suppressor protein, functions as a tetramer. Therefore, malignant variants in the tetramer-forming domain increase the likelihood of p53 dysfunction. Recent developments in genome analysis technology have expanded our understanding of malignant variants. However, variants of uncertain significance are also being increasingly identified. Hence, methods to assess the pathogenicity of these variants are required. In this study, we aimed to examine whether AlphaFold2 can be used to evaluate the functional impacts of p53 variants based on predicted three-dimensional (3D) structural information. For each variant present in datasets of p53 functional score, we performed 3D structural prediction using AlphaFold2. We analyzed the correlations among multiple AlphaFold2-derived scores to predict functional scores, such as protein stability and pathogenicity labels, for each dataset. The root-mean-square deviation obtained by comparing the 3D structures predicted by AlphaFold2 for the wild-type and variant structures showed a high correlation with each functional score. Overall, these findings indicate that AlphaFold2 can be used to evaluate variants. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Informa UK Limited Acta Medica Okayama 0020-739X 2026 Triangulation in teaching probability: teaching materials for the theoretical foundations of probability in real-world applications EN Yusuke Uegatani Hiroshima University High School Ippo Ishibashi Faculty of Education, Okayama University Aya Sakota Hiroshima University High School This paper proposes using the concept of triangulation with probabilistic models as a means to enhance theoretical inversion for deepening students�f understanding of the nature of probability in real-world contexts. Triangulation refers to the combined application of multiple methodologies to investigate the same phenomenon, particularly in the social sciences. Theoretical inversion refers to a shift in focus from surprising outcomes to the theoretical foundations of probability. The paper introduces three types of problem-solving tasks designed to enhance one of four types of triangulations: theory triangulation. Theoretical inversion is expected to emerge through engaging in these tasks. The characteristics of the problems are as follows. Problem 1 promotes students to compare different probabilistic models of events under similar procedures. Problem 2 provides students with an opportunity to simplify an experiment by omitting steps that add no new information. Problem 3 enhances students�f ability to recognise how subtle differences in the experimental setup can affect the resulting probability. These tasks are designed to encourage students to view probabilistic reasoning as a form of modelling and to appreciate the importance of assumptions, definitions of elementary events, and clarity in procedural descriptions. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 2662-4443 6 1 2025 From localized 4f electrons to anisotropic exchange interactions in ferromagnetic CeRh6Ge4 269 EN Shoichiro Itokazu Department of Physics, Okayama University Akimitsu Kirikoshi Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Harald O. Jeschke Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Junya Otsuki Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University CeRh6Ge4 is a cerium-based ferromagnetic material exhibiting a quantum critical behavior under pressure. We derive effective exchange interactions, using the framework of density functional theory combined with dynamical mean-field theory. Our results reveal that the nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic interaction along the c axis is isotropic in spin space, leading to a formation of spin chains. On the other hand, the inter-chain coupling is highly anisotropic: The in-plane moment weakly interacts ferromagnetically in the a–b plane to stabilize the ferromagnetic state, whereas the z-component couples antiferromagnetically, contributing to its destabilization. The magnetic anisotropy of the interchain interactions as well as of the local 4f wavefunctions characterizes the magnetic properties underlying the ferromagnetic transition and the quantum critical behavior in CeRh6Ge4. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

‰ªŽR‘åŠw‘åŠw‰@ƒwƒ‹ƒXƒVƒXƒeƒ€“��‡‰ÈŠwŒ¤‹†‰È Acta Medica Okayama 2436-3227 6 2026 ‰îŒì‹Z�p˜_ŽŽ˜_�\�‚—îŽÒ‰îŒì‚ðŽ–—á‚Æ‚µ‚Ä�\ 7 16 EN Yasuyuki YOSHIBA Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University 10.18926/interdisciplinary/70326 In the first part of this paper, it was confirmed that the term �gkaigo�h (nursing care) was coined and its meaning defined during discussions on enacting social welfare legislation accompanying societal aging, as the care aspect was being �gdifferentiated�h from the �gfamily�fs health and welfare functions.�h The paper also examined how the term �gkaigo gijutsu�h(nursing care technique) has been defined and used. In the latter part, based on the author�fs own definition of �gkaigo gijutsu�h(nursing care technology), an attempt was made to analyze examples of technology utilization in nursing care settings, focusing on papers published in specialized welfare and nursing care technology journals. Through this preliminary study, it was shown that the author�fs definition of �gnursing care technology�h clearly distinguishes between the means for care activities�\such as welfare equipment�\and the care recipients and caregivers who make use of them, and that this definition is useful for grasping the essence of challenges in nursing care settings. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Acta Medica Okayama 1880-5558 20 1 2025 Numerical analysis validating the standard k-epsilon model for the kinetic energy of turbulence subjected to weak but long-lasting wind tunnel blockage acceleration JFST0004 EN Akira ONO Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Hiroki SUZUKI Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Toshinori KOUCHI Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Kento TANAKA Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of weak but prolonged mean flow accelerations, such as those observed in wind tunnel blockage acceleration, on free-stream turbulence. Specifically, this research aims to validate a model previously developed based on the k-epsilon model. To test this model, the study focuses on scenarios where the turbulence under acceleration is steady and isotropic, since the model suggests that this type of acceleration has no effect on the turbulent kinetic energy. To examine this suggestion, the turbulence within a periodic box was analyzed using large-eddy simulation (LES) based on the conventional Smagorinsky model framework. The numerical analysis is based on a method that conserves velocity fluctuation intensities. The results show that while high rate of acceleration deviates turbulent kinetic energy, low rate acceleration has hardly any effect on turbulent kinetic energy, enstrophy, pressure fluctuation, relative pressure fluctuation intensity, and higher-order statistics of a velocity fluctuation. These results validate the accuracy of the model proposed in the previous studies. These results were obtained by focusing on differences in Reynolds numbers and the spatial scale of the forcing. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 2397-4648 11 1 2026 Band-selective plasmonic polaron in thermoelectric semimetal Ta2PdSe6 with ultra-high power factor 23 EN Daiki Ootsuki Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Akitoshi Nakano Present address: Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University Urara Maruoka Present address: Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University Takumi Hasegawa Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Masashi Arita Research Institute for Synchrotron Radiation Science, Hiroshima University Miho Kitamura Present address: NanoTerasu Center, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST) Koji Horiba Present address: NanoTerasu Center, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST) Teppei Yoshida Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University Ichiro Terasaki Present address: Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University We report the electronic structure of the thermoelectric semimetal Ta2PdSe6 with a large thermoelectric power factor and giant Peltier conductivity by means of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). The ARPES spectra reveal the coexistence of a sharp hole band with a light electron mass and a broad electron band with a relatively heavy electron mass, which originate from different quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) chains in Ta2PdSe6. Moreover, the electron band around the Brillouin-zone (BZ) boundary shows a replica structure with respect to the energy originating from plasmonic polarons due to electron-plasmon interactions. The different scattering effects and interactions in each atomic chain lead to asymmetric transport lifetimes of carriers: a large Seebeck coefficient can be realized even in a semimetal. Our findings pave the way for exploring the thermoelectric materials in previously overlooked semimetals and provide a new platform for low-temperature thermoelectric physics, which has been challenging with semiconductors. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japanese Society for Medical and Biological Engineering Acta Medica Okayama 2187-5219 15 2026 Verification of a Skin Electrical Impedance Model for Evaluating Indicators of Skin Barrier Function of Older Adults 160 164 EN Osamu UEHARA Medical Engineering Laboratory, ALCARE Co., Ltd. Yuya FUNAKI Medical Engineering Laboratory, ALCARE Co., Ltd. Takao NAKAMURA Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Skin barrier function has been quantitatively evaluated through trans-epidermal water loss, which has been difficult to measure in clinical settings owing to environmental factors and the measurement time. The thickness and surface water content of the stratum corneum are important indicators of skin barrier function, and current methods for measuring these two indicators are also difficult to implement in clinical settings. Therefore, we developed a model based on skin electrical impedance to estimate the thickness and water content of the stratum corneum, enabling measurement and estimation of these two indicators in a short time. In this study, we verified this model implemented in a portable skin electrical impedance measurement device for estimating the thickness and surface water content of the stratum corneum of the skin in older adults. Thirty-four older individuals were studied. The measurement electrodes were placed in contact with the forearm skin, and an alternating signal of two frequencies was applied to measure the impedance, from which the thickness and surface water content of the stratum corneum were estimated in approximately 5 s. The correlation coefficients between the estimated and measured thickness and between the estimated and measured surface water content were 0.732 and 0.604, respectively. Furthermore, the root mean square errors of the residuals for the thickness and surface water content were 1.66 µm and 3.50 points, respectively, indicating that the model accurately estimated the thickness and surface water content of the stratum corneum, even in the skin of older adults. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

‰ªŽR‘åŠwŒo�ÏŠw‰ï Acta Medica Okayama 2433-4146 57 3 2026 1998”N‚ÌŠO�‘ˆ×‘Ö‹y‚ÑŠO�‘–fˆÕŠÇ—�–@‰ü�³‚Æ ŠO�‘’ʉ݂Ì�÷“n‚É‚æ‚鑹‰v‚Ì�Š“¾‹æ•ª �\1998”N‚Ì–@‰ü�³‚Í�Š“¾‹æ•ª‚ɂǂ̂悤‚ȉe‹¿‚ð—^‚¦‚½‚Ì‚©�\ 1 10 EN Yoshiyuki Nakagawa 10.18926/OER/70261 �@1998”N‚ÌŠO�‘ˆ×‘Ö‹y‚ÑŠO�‘–fˆÕŠÇ—�–@‚̉ü�³�iˆÈ�~�CŠO�‘ˆ×‘Ö‹y‚ÑŠO�‘–fˆÕ–@‚ɉü–¼�j‚É‚æ‚è�C‚»‚ê‚Ü‚ÅŠO�‘ˆ×‘ÖŒö”F‹â�s‚ÉŒ´‘¥‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŒÀ‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½ŠO�‘ˆ×‘ÖŽæˆø‚ª�C‚ ‚ç‚ä‚éŠé‹Æ‹y‚ÑŒÂ�l‚ɉð•ú‚³‚ê�CŽ©—R‚É�s‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚悤‚É‚È‚Á‚½�B<br> �@–{�e‚Í�C‚Ü‚¸‰Û�Å“–‹Ç‚Ì�uŠO�‘’ʉ݂Ì�÷“n‚É‚æ‚鑹‰v‚ÍŽG�Š“¾‚ÉŠY“–‚·‚é�v‚Æ‚ÌŒ©‰ð‚Ì”»’f�ª‹’‚ð�C�‘‰ï‚É‚¨‚¯‚é�­•{ŽQ�l�l“š•Ù‹y‚Ñ“Œ‹ž’n�ٗߘa‚T”N‚RŒŽ‚X“ú”»Œˆ‚©‚ç“ǂ݉ð‚«�C‚»‚Ì‚¤‚¦‚Å�C1998”N‚Ì–@‰ü�³‚É‚æ‚èŠO�‘’ʉݎæˆø‚ª‘ΊO‹y‚Ñ�‘“à‚É‚¨‚¢‚ĉ½�l‚àŽ©—R‚É�s‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚悤‚É‚È‚Á‚½‚±‚Æ‚©‚ç�CŠO�‘’ʉ݂͎x•¥Žè’i‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŒ¾‚í‚Ή¿’l‚ÌŽÚ“x‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‹@”\‚·‚é‚悤‚É‚È‚è�CŽ‘ŽY‚Ì’l�オ‚è�C’l‰º‚ª‚è‚ðŠÏ”O‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚­‚È‚Á‚½Œ‹‰Ê‚Æ‚µ‚Ä�C‚»‚Ì�÷“n‚É‚æ‚é�Š“¾‹æ•ª‚ª�÷“n�Š“¾‚©‚çŽG�Š“¾‚ւƕω»‚µ‚½‚Æ‚ÌŒ‹˜_‚𓱂­‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚é�B No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 0964-2633 70 3 2025 Prevalence and Modifiable Risk Factors of Dementia in People With Down Syndrome: Cross�]Sectional Study of Japan in Collaboration With the Intellectual Diversity for Goodness Research Consortium (INDIGO�]2019) 329 336 EN Shintaro Takenoshita Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Hospital Seishi Terada Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Tomokazu Inoue Asahigawaso Research Institute, Social Welfare Corporation Asahigawaso Taku Kurozumi Asahigawaso Research Institute, Social Welfare Corporation Asahigawaso Manabu Takaki Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Ryozo Kuwano Asahigawaso Research Institute, Social Welfare Corporation Asahigawaso Shigeru Suemitsu Asahigawaso Research Institute, Social Welfare Corporation Asahigawaso Background: People with Down syndrome (DS) have a strong genetic predisposition to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the clinical burden and associated risk factors in diverse, non-Western populations remain less understood. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dementia in Japanese adults with DS and to identify modifiable clinical factors associated with dementia.<br> Methods: This cross-sectional multicentre study surveyed 133 adults with DS (mean age 50.1 years) residing in 45 welfare facilities across Japan in 2019. Dementia was diagnosed by a consensus panel of physicians using established criteria (DSM-5, ICD-10, DC-LD) after comprehensive assessments, including the Japanese version of the Dementia Screening Questionnaire for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (DSQIID-J). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with dementia.<br> Results: Forty-six participants (34.6%) were diagnosed with dementia. The prevalence rose sharply with age: 0% in their 30s, 30.8% in their 40s, 31.6% in their 50s and 65.5% in their 60s. After adjusting for covariates, older age, female sex, dyslipidaemia and visual impairment were independently associated with dementia.<br> Conclusions: This study, the largest of its kind in Asia, confirms a high prevalence of dementia in institutionalized Japanese adults with DS. Crucially, this study is the first to identify dyslipidaemia and visual impairment as independent and potentially modifiable risk factors in this population. These findings highlight tangible targets for clinical interventions aimed at mitigating dementia risk in people with DS. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 2688-4526 7 2 2026 Safety and efficacy of Rezūm water vapour energy therapy in BPH patients receiving antithrombotic therapy: A Japanese single�]centre experience e70170 EN Takatoshi Moriwake Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yusuke Tominaga Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Satoshi Katayama Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Haruki Kaku Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Ichiro Tsuboi Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kasumi Yoshinaga Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Tomoaki Yamanoi Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Tatsushi Kawada Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Takuya Sadahira Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Takehiro Iwata Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Shingo Nishimura Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kensuke Bekku Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yasuhiro Katayama Department of Urology, Okamura Isshindo Hospital Motoo Araki Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Rezūm water vapour energy therapy (WAVE) in Japanese patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) continuing antithrombotic therapy and to validate the Okayama University Modified Clavien-Dindo classification (OU-mCD) for perioperative hematuria.<br> Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analysed 80 consecutive patients who underwent WAVE from August 2023 to July 2024, including 37 (46.2%) continuing antithrombotic therapy perioperatively. Hematuria within 30 days was graded using conventional Clavien-Dindo classification and the OU-mCD, a novel classification focusing on intervention necessity. We assessed clinically significant hematuria (Grade ≥ Ib), catheter-free rate, prostate volume reduction and haemoglobin change.<br> Results: Clinically significant hematuria occurred in 21.6% (8/37) of patients continuing antithrombotic therapy versus 4.7% (2/43) without (p = 0.038). All 10 Grade ≥ Ib cases occurred during hospitalization with the catheter in place and were managed conservatively with continuous bladder irrigation (median 1 day); none required transfusion or surgical reintervention. Only one patient required temporary drug discontinuation. Treatment efficacy did not differ by antithrombotic status: 86.2% achieved PVR < 50 ml with 44% mean prostate volume reduction. Multivariate analysis identified antithrombotic therapy as the sole independent risk factor for Grade ≥ Ib hematuria (OR 5.46, 95% CI 1.06–28.16, p = 0.042).<br> Conclusion: WAVE can be safely performed with continued antithrombotic therapy. Whereas Grade ≥Ib hematuria occurred in 25% of antiplatelet/anticoagulant users (vs. 5% without), 75% had no significant bleeding, and all complications were managed conservatively without transfusion. The OU-mCD provides precise complication stratification. These findings suggest outpatient procedures may be feasible with appropriate patient selection. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0916-9636 2026 Distinct associations of blood pressure phenotypes with subclinical cerebrovascular disease and coronary artery calcification in Japanese men EN Nomin Bayaraa NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Yuichiro Yano NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Aya Kadota NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Nazar Mohd Azahar Tran Ngoc Hoang Phap National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition Takashi Hisamatsu Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Keiko Kondo NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Sayuki Torii NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Akira Fujiyoshi Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University Takayoshi Ohkubo Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine Akihiko Shiino Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Kazuhiko Nozaki Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science Katsuyuki Miura NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Hypertension, encompassing white-coat hypertension (WCH), masked hypertension (MH), and sustained hypertension (SH), is an established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis. However, among the general population, findings on which target organ is affected by the different phenotypes of hypertension remain unclear. In this community-based observational study of Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis, 740 Japanese men underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging to assess the presence of lacunar infarction, white-matter hyperintensities, microbleeds, and intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS) between 2012 and 2015. They also underwent office blood pressure (BP) measurements, home BP monitoring for at least five consecutive days, and coronary artery calcification (CAC) assessments between 2010 and 2014. The final analysis included 686 participants without a history of CVDs. Of the 686 participants, the mean age ( �} SD) was 68.0 ( �} 8.3) years, and 39.3% were taking antihypertensive medication. In multivariable-adjusted models, each of WCH, MH, and SH was significantly associated with a higher risk of microbleeds compared to normotension. However, the association of WCH with microbleeds was evident only among those on antihypertensive medication (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 6.75 [95% CI 1.83–24.86]) and absent in those not on such medication (adjusted OR 1.20 [95% CI 0.31–4.73]). SH was associated with lacunar infarction, ICAS, and CAC. Among Japanese men, WCH, MH, SH were associated with subclinical cerebrovascular diseases, whereas only SH was associated with CAC. Moreover, any elevated BP phenotype increased the risk of microbleeds. Our findings suggest that different hypertension phenotypes distinctly affect target organs, particularly the brain and heart. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI AG Acta Medica Okayama 2077-0383 15 5 2026 Effect of Surgical Procedures for Rheumatoid Forefoot Deformities on Radiographic Foot Length and Width Variations 1877 EN Masahiro Horita Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medical Development Field, Okayama University Yohei Kiso Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kurashiki Sweet Hospital Yoshihisa Nasu Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama City Hospital Ryuichi Nakahara Department of Musculoskeletal Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kenta Saiga Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Keiichiro Nishida Locomotive Pain Center, Faculty of Medical Development Field, Okayama University Background: The number of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) undergoing forefoot arthroplasty has increased to better control the disease. Despite patients frequently expressing concerns regarding postoperative foot appearance and footwear-related expectations, no study has investigated postoperative changes in foot length and width in patients with RA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surgical procedures for rheumatoid forefoot deformities on variations in radiologically determined foot length and width. Methods: In total, 72 feet of 50 women and 3 men (average age: 66.7 years) underwent joint-preserving arthroplasty (n = 33) and arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint with shortening osteotomy of the lesser metatarsals or resection arthroplasty of the lesser metatarsal heads (n = 39); procedures were carried out in our institute from August 2013 to February 2020. The mean disease duration was 23.5 years, and the average follow-up period was 17.5 months. Pre- and postoperative hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA) of the first and second metatarsals (M1M2A), and IMA of the first and fifth metatarsals (M1M5A) were measured on weightbearing radiographs as well as foot length and width. We also evaluated the correlation between changes in radiographic parameters and variations in radiologically determined foot length and width. Results: Radiologically determined foot width changed significantly from 10.1 cm to 9.7 cm (p < 0.01), while no significant difference was found between pre- and postoperative radiologically determined foot length. HVA, M1M2A, and M1M5A were significantly improved after the surgery (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01, respectively). A significant negative correlation was found between the variation in radiologically determined foot length and changes in HVA (r = �|0.29, p = 0.02) and M1M5A (r = �|0.23, p < 0.05), while a significant positive correlation was found between the variation in the foot width and changes in HVA (r = 0.34, p < 0.01), M1M2A (r = 0.55, p < 0.01), and M1M5A (r = 0.45, p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between operative procedures regarding variation in radiologically determined foot length and width. Conclusions: Surgical procedure for rheumatoid forefoot deformity improved radiographic parameters and reduced radiographic foot width while maintaining foot length. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1865-1380 19 1 2026 Association of Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature with heat-related illness hospitalizations in Japan: a time-stratified, case-crossover study 11 EN Yuka Yamamura Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takashi Hongo Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tetsuya Yumoto Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Fumiya Sasai Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kohei Tokioka Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takafumi Obara Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tsuyoshi Nojima Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jun Kanda Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital Shoji Yokobori Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hiromichi Naito Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takashi Yorifuji Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Atsunori Nakao Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background Heat-related illnesses are a serious public health concern and are exacerbated by global warming. Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) is widely used as a heat stress indicator, but its clinical impact remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between hourly variations in WBGT and the incidence of hospitalizations for heat-related illness in Japan using a nationwide database. By incorporating individual-level clinical data and performing stratified analyses, we sought to provide a more granular understanding of how heat exposure affects the risk of heat-related illness requiring hospitalization.<br> Methods We conducted a time-stratified, case-crossover study using data collected from July to September in 2020 and 2021 in the Heatstroke STUDY registry. The inclusion criteria were patients registered in the Heatstroke STUDY registry, specifically hospitalized patients with heat-related illness who were transported to participating hospitals during the study period. Hourly WBGT values were assigned based on the nearest monitoring station to each hospital. Conditional logistic regression and distributed lag models were used to estimate associations between WBGT and the risk of hospitalization.<br> Results A total of 1,653 heat-related illness hospitalizations were analyzed. The mean patient age was 67.9 years; 67.6% were male. Each 1 �‹C increase in WBGT at onset (hospital arrival) was associated with a significantly increased risk of hospitalization (OR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05–1.15). The cumulative effect over the prior six hours was also significant (OR 1.56, 95% CI: 1.50–1.62). Compared with WBGT < 25 �‹C, adjusted ORs were 3.39 (25–27 �‹C), 8.81 (28–30 �‹C), and 22.10 (≥ 31 �‹C). Stratified analyses suggested stronger associations among several subgroups; however, only patients with mental disorders showed statistically significant effect modification, whereas elevated WBGT posed a risk across all groups.<br> Conclusions Higher WBGT levels were associated with an increased risk of heat-related hospitalization. Although the effect appeared greater in some subgroups, only patients with mental disorders demonstrated statistically significant effect modification, suggesting elevated WBGT confers risk broadly. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 2730-664X 6 1 2026 Effects of an oral exercise intervention on pre-frailty or frailty in older people: a randomized clinical trial 96 EN Noriko Takeuchi Department of Preventive Dentistry, Division of Dentistry, Medical Development Field, Okayama University Nanami Sawada Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University Sakura Inada Division of Health Promotion, Okayama-City Health Center Manabu Morita Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Care Sciences, Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care Daisuke Ekuni Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Background: Frailty is often experienced by older adults, which can lead to long-term health problems. We aimed to examine associations with improvements in nutritional status, sarcopenia (age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength), and frailty in four groups with different oral exercise frequencies.<br> Methods: We conducted a prospective, parallel multi-arm randomized controlled trial (Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT) 1062210063) to test the effects of oral exercise on frailty in older adults. Each intervention consisted of a standardized oral exercise protocol including neck exercises, lip exercises, and tongue movements, designed to improve oral function and reduce frailty. The primary outcome was the change in the number of frailty criteria from baseline to follow-up. Individuals aged ≥60 years were screened for frailty status using standardized criteria at the Department of Preventive Dentistry at Okayama University Hospital between October 2022 and December 2023. Those identified as pre-frailty or frailty were eligible and enrolled in the study. After screening 60 individuals, 58 eligible participants were randomly assigned using block randomization to one of four oral exercise frequency groups: 3 times/day & everyday, 3 times/day & 3 days/week, once/day & everyday, and once/day & 3 days/week. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate the impact of the four frequencies of oral exercise methods on frailty in older adults. Outcome assessors were blinded; participants were not.<br> Results: Here we show the results of the 58 participants. Group sizes are: 3 times/day & everyday (n = 14), 3 times/day & 3 days/week (n = 15), once/day & everyday (n = 14), once/day & 3 days/week (n = 15). The trial is completed as planned, and all randomized participants are analyzed. The main effect of time is significant for the number of frailty criteria (F = 14.803, p < 0.001, partial eta squared = 0.215). The mean changes from baseline to follow-up are �|0.357 (95% Confidence Interval �|0.787 to 0.073) in the 3 times/day & everyday group, �|0.600 (95% Confidence Interval �|1.255 to 0.055) in the 3 times/day & 3 days/week group, �|0.571 (95% Confidence Interval �|1.379 to 0.236) in the once/day & everyday group, and �|0.600 (95% Confidence Interval �|1.008 to �|0.192) in the once/day & 3 days/week group. The main effect of time is also significant for the number of oral hypofunction criteria (F = 16.456, p < 0.001, partial eta squared = 0.234). No important adverse events or side effects related to the intervention were observed.<br> Conclusions: After conducting oral exercises for 3 months on older adults with pre-frailty or frailty, improvements in frailty are observed. Overall, these exercises could be a simple, low-cost way to support healthy aging in the community. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI AG Acta Medica Okayama 2078-2489 17 1 2026 An SQL Query Description Problem with AI Assistance for an SQL Programming Learning Assistant System 65 EN Ni Wayan Wardani Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Nobuo Funabiki Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Htoo Htoo Sandi Kyaw Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Zihao Zhu Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University I Nyoman Darma Kotama Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Putu Sugiartawan Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University I Nyoman Agus Suarya Putra Faculty of Business and Creative Design, Indonesian Institute of Business and Technology Today, relational databases are widely used in information systems. SQL (structured query language) is taught extensively in universities and professional schools across the globe as a programming language for its data management and accesses. Previously, we have studied a web-based programming learning assistant system (PLAS) to help novice students learn popular programming languages by themselves through solving various types of exercises. For SQL programming, we have implemented the grammar-concept understanding problem (GUP) and the comment insertion problem (CIP) for its initial studies. In this paper, we propose an SQL Query Description Problem (SDP) as a new exercise type for describing the SQL query to a specified request in a MySQL database system. To reduce teachers�f preparation workloads, we integrate a generative AI-assisted SQL query generator to automatically generate a new SDP instance with a given dataset. An SDP instance consists of a table, a set of questions and corresponding queries. Answer correctness is determined by enhanced string matching against an answer module that includes multiple semantically equivalent canonical queries. For evaluation, we generated 11 SDP instances on basic topics using the generator, where we found that Gemini 3.0 Pro exhibited higher pedagogical consistency compared to ChatGPT-5.0, achieving perfect scores in Sensibleness, Topicality, and Readiness metrics. Then, we assigned the generated instances to 32 undergraduate students at the Indonesian Institute of Business and Technology (INSTIKI). The results showed an average correct answer rate of 95.2% and a mean SUS score of 78, which demonstrates strong initial student performance and system acceptance. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI AG Acta Medica Okayama 2077-0383 15 4 2026 Perioperative Ozoralizumab Management for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Who Underwent Orthopaedic Surgery: A Retrospective Case Series 1422 EN Keiichiro Nishida Locomotive Pain Center, Faculty of Medical Development Field, Okayama University Yoshihisa Nasu Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama City Hospital Ryozo Harada Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kurashiki Sweet Hospital Ryuichi Nakahara Locomotive Pain Center, Faculty of Medical Development Field, Okayama University Masahiro Horita Locomotive Pain Center, Faculty of Medical Development Field, Okayama University Masamitsu Natsumeda Rheumatic Disease Center, Mabi Memorial Hospital Shuichi Naniwa Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Background/Objectives: Launched in Japan in 2022, ozoralizumab (OZR) is a novel, anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-ƒ¿ inhibitor for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that is refractory to conventional therapies. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding its perioperative management. Methods: This retrospective case series included nine patients with RA who underwent a total of 12 either RA-related (n = 9) or unrelated (n = 3) orthopaedic procedures. We reviewed patient demographics, surgical procedures, perioperative OZR discontinuation periods, and postoperative complications. Results: The mean preoperative OZR discontinuation period was 15.8 days (range, 2–25 days). Sutures were removed at a mean of 12.8 days postoperatively (range, 11–14 days) after adequate wound healing had been confirmed. The mean total discontinuation period was 34.9 days (range, 27–43 days). No cases of surgical site infection (SSI) or delayed wound healing (DWH) were observed during a minimum follow-up period of three months. One patient experienced a disease flare before OZR was restarted. Conclusions: Preoperative OZR discontinuation for up to four weeks appeared to be safe in this cohort. These findings may assist orthopaedic surgeons in determining an appropriate perioperative discontinuation strategy for OZR that minimises SSI and DWH risk while reducing the likelihood of RA flare. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

‰ªŽR‘åŠw‘åŠw‰@ŽÐ‰ï•¶‰»‰ÈŠwŒ¤‹†‰È Acta Medica Okayama 1881-1671 60 2025 ŠO�‘�l‹Z”\ŽÀ�K�¶‚̃LƒƒƒŠƒAŒ`�¬‚Æ“ú–{ŒêŠw�K‚̈Ӗ¡•t‚¯�\ “ú–{‚ŃLƒƒƒŠƒA‚ðŒp‘±‚·‚éƒxƒgƒiƒ€�l‹Z”\ŽÀ�K�¶‚ÌŒê‚è‚©‚ç �\ 109 128 EN Ngoc Bich Tran HOANG /10.18926/70023 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 1687-8728 2026 1 2026 Experimental Analysis of Automatic Discrimination Performance Between Simulated Bruxism and Non�]Bruxism Under Conscious Conditions Using Electromyography and Machine Learning 7874254 EN Hajime Minakuchi Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Mitsuhiro Nagasaki Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Lộc Hoàng Đình Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Haruna Miki Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ko Omori Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tazuko Nishimura Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Takuo Kuboki Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nobuaki Minematsu Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of machine learning to automatically classify electromyography (EMG) data into bruxism simulated movement with tooth contact (BMwTC), bruxism simulated movement without tooth contact (BMwoTC), and non-bruxism movement (non-BM).<br> Methods: Twelve eligible healthy participants (female/male: 2/10, mean age: 35.3 �} 8.4 years) were asked to perform the simulated movements (all the tasks were performed five times for 5 s each with a 30-s rest interval). The electrodes were placed on the masseter, infrahyoid, inframandibular, and chin muscles. A sound sensor was placed adjacent to the masseter. The EMG and sound data were sampled at 1 and 44.1 kHz, respectively. Single- and multi-stream hidden Markov models (HMMs) were used to automatically discriminate the tested behavior from the others using a hamming window with 100 ms and shift length of 50 ms. The leave-one-out method was used for training and testing the model, with data from 11 participants used for training and one for testing. Each participant was evaluated, and the final performance was measured by averaging the results of 12 classification trials. The validity of the discrimination was assessed by calculating the harmony mean values using six EMG signals and the sound data.<br> Results: The masseter EMG demonstrated significantly higher discrimination accuracy in the single-stream model (p  < 0.05, One-way ANOVA, Tukey HDS). The multi-stream model also demonstrated higher accuracy; however, no significant difference was observed. Notably, the accuracy of BMwoTC was less than 0.5.<br> Conclusion: The machine-learning-based discriminative system accurately discriminates BMwTC from non-BM using masseter EMG. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

The Japanese Society of Interventional Radiology Acta Medica Okayama 2432-0935 10 2025 Is Saline Sealing of Needle Tract Effective to Prevent Pneumothorax after Computed Tomography-guided Lung Biopsy? e2025-0068 EN Soichiro Okamoto Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Yusuke Matsui Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Koji Tomita Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Kazuaki Munetomo Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Noriyuki Umakoshi Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Toshiharu Mitsuhashi Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Medical Development Field, Okayama University Toshihiro Iguchi Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Takao Hiraki Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of needle tract sealing using normal saline instillation for decreasing the risk of pneumothorax after computed tomography-guided lung biopsy.<br> Material and Methods: This retrospective, single-institution study included 391 computed tomography-guided lung biopsies performed by 12 operators between January 2022 and October 2024. After exclusion, 298 biopsies were analyzed by comparing the saline seal (n = 138) and control (n = 160) groups. A 17/18-gauge or 19/20-gauge coaxial biopsy system was used, and tract sealing was performed by instilling 1-5 mL of normal saline during the withdrawal of the introducer needle in the saline seal group; tract sealing was not performed in the control group. After 1:1 propensity score matching was performed to balance baseline characteristics, the incidences of pneumothorax and chest tube placement were compared between the two groups using Fisher's exact test.<br> Results: After propensity score matching, 108 pairs (mean lesion size: 17 mm) were well balanced. The incidence of pneumothorax did not differ significantly between the control and saline seal groups (50.0% vs. 60.2%, respectively; p = 0.171). Similarly, the incidence of chest tube placement was not significantly different between the two groups (7.4% vs. 13.0%, respectively; p = 0.260).<br> Conclusions: According to the propensity score-matched analysis, normal saline instillation for tract sealing did not significantly reduce the incidence of pneumothorax or chest tube placement. In our cohort, which had a high prevalence of small lesions, saline sealing alone may be insufficient to reduce post-biopsy pneumothorax risk. Hence, combined strategies require further investigation. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 0029-6473 2026 1 2026 Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Pain Management Among Nurses in University-Affiliated Hospitals in Western Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study 9991157 EN Mengyao Xi Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Yuki Kajiwara Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Takako Hiramatsu Department of Nursing, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital Michiko Morimoto Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Background: Pain is a major global concern. Nurses�f knowledge and attitudes toward pain management are critical determinants of pain care quality and patient outcomes, making them essential for effective clinical practice.<br> Objective: This study aimed to assess nurses�f pain management knowledge and attitudes using the Japanese version of the Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (J-KASRP), applied for the first time in Japan, and to examine how background factors affect these aspects.<br> Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1589 nurses in three university-affiliated hospitals in Western Japan. Data were collected using a questionnaire capturing sociodemographic information and the J-KASRP. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and effect size were used to analyze J-KASRP scores and subdomains. Tukey�fs honestly significant difference test was applied for post hoc comparisons across clinical experience patterns.<br> Results: Of 1001 respondents, 856 valid responses (85.5%) were analyzed. The mean age was 30.1 years (SD = 8.3), and the mean total correct response rate for the J-KASRP was 59.8%; only 1.3% scored ≥ 80%. Cancer-related pain had the lowest J-KASRP subdomain score (42.5%, SD = 20.3%). Higher total J-KASRP scores were found for those with a higher level of education, prior clinical pain education, and recent opioid administration experience (all p < 0.001, effect size > 0.2). In an exploratory pattern analysis, regardless of education level, respondents with both education and opioid administering experience had the highest total and pharmacology subdomains�f scores. No significant differences in cancer-related pain subdomain were observed across patterns of clinical experiences.<br> Conclusions: This first application of the J-KASRP in Japan revealed that nurses�f pain management knowledge and attitudes need to be strengthened, especially for cancer-related pain and opioid pharmacology. The study findings highlight the importance of pain management strengthening education and training to enhance nurses�f evidence-based knowledge and clinical competence. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 2772-5723 5 2 2026 Feasibility and Diagnostic Utility of Mucosal T-Cell Flow Cytometry for Intestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease 100820 EN Masaya Iwamuro Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takumi Kondo Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Daisuke Ennishi Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nobuharu Fujii Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Mai Hiramatsu Division of Medical Support, Okayama University Hospital Araki Hirabata Division of Medical Support, Okayama University Hospital Takahide Takahashi Division of Medical Support, Okayama University Hospital Takehiro Tanaka Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshinobu Maeda Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Motoyuki Otsuka Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background and Aims: Timely diagnosis of intestinal complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy, and cytomegalovirus infection, is essential for appropriate management. This study evaluated whether mucosal T-cell profiling from endoscopic biopsies could support the diagnosis of these post-transplant conditions.<br> Methods: We prospectively analyzed 58 intestinal biopsy specimens from 21 post-HSCT patients. Paired samples were obtained from the stomach and duodenum during upper endoscopy and from the ileum and large intestine during colonoscopy. Lymphocytes were isolated from each specimen and analyzed using flow cytometry. These data were integrated with those of a previously collected cohort (35 patients, 51 samples) for comparative immunophenotypic analysis across histologically defined groups.<br> Results: Duodenal biopsies yielded more lymphocytes than did gastric biopsies (mean �} standard deviation: 532 �} 823 vs 233 �} 392 cells; P = .070), with comparable yields between the ileum and colon. Among 41 evaluable cases, the CD56+:CD3+ ratio was significantly lower in patients with GVHD (5.5 �} 2.2%) than in those with nonspecific or no inflammation (28.4 �} 16.3%; P = .006). A cutoff value of <11% provided 85.7% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity for diagnosing GVHD (area under the curve = 0.91).<br> Conclusion: Mucosal T-cell profiling using endoscopic biopsies is feasible and may aid in the diagnosis of GVHD after HSCT. A decreased CD56+:CD3+ ratio is a promising marker for distinguishing GVHD from other post-transplant intestinal conditions. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0925-5710 122 5 2025 Intravenous umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cell therapy may improve overall survival in Japanese patients with idiopathic pneumonia syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a multicenter, single-arm, phase II trial 733 743 EN Noriko Doki Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital Nobuharu Fujii Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Hospital Shinichi Kako Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center Emiko Sakaida Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital Yoshinobu Kanda Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) is a serious complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and has a poor prognosis. Although IPS is often treated with steroids, the disease can become resistant to or dependent on steroid treatment, and there is no effective cure for patients with refractory or steroid-dependent IPS. This multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase II clinical trial investigated the efficacy and safety of HLC-001 (allogeneic umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells) in patients with progressive steroid-dependent or refractory IPS after HSCT. Seven male patients (all male; mean age: 43.3 years) received HLC-001 and three completed the trial. The survival rate at day 56 (primary endpoint) was 71.4% (5/7 patients; 95% confidence interval: 29.0%–96.3%) and was sustained at day 100, suggesting that HLC-001 was more effective than previously reported treatment. Three of the five patients with ≥ 100 days of follow-up died. Five patients experienced at least one adverse drug reaction, none of which were serious. These findings indicate that HLC-001 was potentially effective and generally well tolerated in Japanese patients with steroid-dependent or refractory IPS after HSCT. Given there is no effective cure for steroid-dependent or refractory IPS, HLC-001 may be a promising treatment option and further clinical evaluation is warranted.<br> Trial registration: Japan Registry of Clinical Trials identifier: jRCT2063220014. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 2405-6316 36 2025 A multi-institutional dummy run on segmentation variability and plan quality of stereotactic body radiotherapy for oligometastatic disease 100857 EN Hideaki Hirashima Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Yukinori Matsuo Department of Radiation Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine Satoshi Ishikura Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Luke�fs International Hospital, St. Luke�fs International University Mitsuhiro Nakamura Department of Advanced Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Ikuno Nishibuchi Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Daisuke Kawahara Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Yoshihisa Shimada Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Yoshiro Nakahara Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University Hospital Teiji Nishio Medical Physics Laboratory, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Osaka Naoto Shikama Department of Radiation Oncology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Shun-ichi Watanabe Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital Isamu Okamoto Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Toshiyuki Ishiba Department of Breast Surgery, Institute of Science Tokyo Fumikata Hara Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital Tadahiko Shien Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Takashi Mizowaki Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Background and purpose: Oligometastatic disease represents limited metastatic burden, and local ablative therapies such as stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) may improve survival. However, inter-institutional variability in target segmentation and treatment planning can compromise treatment quality. This study aimed to evaluate the segmentation variability and dose distribution quality of SBRT in oligometastatic settings using a multi-institutional dummy run approach.<br> Methods and materials: Sixty-nine institutions were provided with two anonymized cases of adrenal and spine metastases to delineate targets and organs at risk (OARs) and create intensity-modulated radiotherapy plans following a protocol. Variability was quantified using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Hausdorff distance, and mean distance to agreement. Plan qualities were assessed using the Paddick conformity index, modified gradient index, and a new three-dimensional conformity–gradient index (3D-CGI). Knowledge-based planning (KBP) was applied to explore potential improvements in OAR sparing.<br> Results: All submitted plans met protocol dose constraints. However, substantial segmentation variability was observed, particularly for the spine case. Among 136 plans, 79% demonstrated acceptable conformity and dose gradients, with 3D-CGI < 6 correlating with favorable distributions. Mean DSC was 0.93 for the clinical target volume and 0.76 for the cauda equina, which showed the highest variability. KBP reduced OAR doses for the adrenal case but showed limited impact for the spine case.<br> Conclusions: Although dose constraints were achieved, segmentation variability remained substantial, particularly for the cauda equina in the spine case. These findings emphasize inter-institutional differences and the need for standardization and tools to improve SBRT consistency. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0312-5963 64 12 2025 Evaluation of Fentanyl-Emerged Adverse Events and Pharmacokinetics in Neonates: A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approach 1811 1825 EN Walaa Yousef Bassyouni Mahdy Department of Pharmacy, Kobe University Hospital Kazuhiro Yamamoto Department of Integrated Clinical and Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Risa Joji Department of Pharmacy, Kobe University Hospital Mari Hashimoto Department of Pharmacy, Kobe University Hospital Ruka Nakasone Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University Kazumichi Fujioka Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University Kotaro Itohara Department of Pharmacy, Kobe University Hospital Yumi Kitahiro Department of Pharmacy, Kobe University Hospital Tomohiro Omura Department of Pharmacy, Kobe University Hospital Ikuko Yano Department of Pharmacy, Kobe University Hospital Background Despite its common use for analgesia in neonatal intensive care units, the optimal dosing and safety profile of fentanyl, particularly regarding suspected fentanyl-emerged adverse events (FEAEs), such as hypotension, desaturation, and oliguria, are not well-defined.<br> Objective This study aimed to develop an optimal therapeutic monitoring and dosing strategy for fentanyl for neonates. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for predicting fentanyl pharmacokinetics across various populations, including preterm and term neonates, was developed, and the relationship between predicted fentanyl exposure and FEAE incidence in neonates was assessed.<br> Methods A PBPK model was developed and validated against the observed values in the literature. The model�fs predictive accuracy for fentanyl pharmacokinetics and association with FEAE incidence in an external retrospective cohort of Japanese neonates was evaluated using the predicted concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters estimated by PBPK simulation.<br> Results The PBPK model exhibited reasonable predictive performance for serum fentanyl concentrations in actual neonatal patients (mean error: 9.27% [standard error: 5.06%], root mean squared error: 54.7%). The incidence of any FEAE, particularly oxygen desaturation, was associated with the fentanyl concentration-to-dose ratio, but not with some exposure parameters, such as the area under the curve and maximum concentration. The recommended reduced infusion rate allowed serum fentanyl concentrations to fall within the ranges established by the reported values and our data.<br> Conclusions Our PBPK model and proposed dosing strategy may contribute to safer and more effective fentanyl use in neonates. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 0167-5273 445 2026 Cardiac characteristics of Fabry disease from baseline enrolment data in a nationwide prospective Japanese registry 134071 EN Toru Kubo Department of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University Yuichiro Maekawa Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Kenichi Hongo Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine Saori Yamamoto Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Yasuhiro Izumiya Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Graduate School of Medicine Hiroyuki Yamakawa Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine Toshiyuki Yano Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Koji Higuchi Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University Yuki Kuramoto Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine Naoki Nakagawa Division of Cardiology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University Masashi Amano Department of Heart Failure and Transplantation, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Yu Yamada Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba Masayoshi Oikawa Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University Yuichiro Iida Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine Kenichi Tsujita Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Yuya Matsue Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Hideo Izawa Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University Atsushi Suzuki Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yuji Nagatomo Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College Toshiyuki Nagai Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Keisuke Kida Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kazuto Nakamura Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine Kazufumi Nakamura Center for Advanced Heart Failure, Okayama University Hospital Hiroki Ikenaga Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Takahiro Kanda Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Hamamatsu Red Cross Hospital Yoshiharu Kinugasa Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Hiromasa Ito Department of Cardiology, Mie University Hospital Kenji Onoue Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University Hiromitsu Kanamori Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Hiroaki Kitaoka Department of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University Background: Fabry disease (FD) is an important disease in the cardiovascular field because a significant proportion of patients with FD die from cardiac lesions.<br> Methods: A multicenter prospective registration study of patients with FD throughout Japan was designed. The baseline clinical characteristics of 175 patients are presented here.<br> Results: The mean ages at enrolment and at diagnosis were 52 �} 16 and 43 �} 18 years, respectively, with men accounting for 38 % of the patients. In the cohort, 24 % of the patients had the classical hemizygote male type, whereas 14 % had the late-onset male type, and 62 % had the heterozygote female type. On electrocardiography data at enrolment in 92 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (maximum LV wall thickness > 12 mm), 12 % showed a short PQ interval (< 120 msec), and 33 % had a short PendQ interval (≤ 40 msec). The Sokolow-Lyon voltage was high (6.1 �} 13.1 mv). Regarding the distribution of LVH patterns, 77 % of the patients showed concentric diffuse LVH, 16 % of the patients had asymmetric septal hypertrophy, and 1 % of the patients had hypertrophy confined to the LV apex. With regard to implantation of cardiac devices, permanent pacemakers had been implanted in 5 % of the patients and defibrillators had been implanted in 12 patients (7 %), for primary prevention in nine patients and for secondary prevention in three patients.<br> Conclusion: As the first large-scale prospective registry of FD patients in Japan, this study has provided valuable baseline data for the cardiac features and management of FD. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 0969-806X 237 2025 Impact of different X-ray tube positions on actual dose measurements during CT examinations -An effect of patient physique- 113001 EN Hiroaki Hayashi College of Transdisciplinary Sciences for Innovation, Kanazawa University Tatsuya Maeda Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University Kazuki Takegami Department of Radiological Technology, Yamaguchi University Hospital Sota Goto Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe Tokiwa University Takashi Asahara Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Natsumi Kimoto Department of Radiological Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Junshin Gakuen University Rina Nishigami Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University Daiki Kobayashi Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University Yuki Kanazawa Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University Kazuta Yamashita Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Tokushima University Takeshi Konishi MEDITEC JAPAN Co., Ltd. Motochika Maki MEDITEC JAPAN Co., Ltd. Dose management of patients is very important during X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) examinations, but because the patient's surface dose is inhomogeneous, it is difficult to measure the most probable value using a small passive-type dosimeter, lent to the patient. To solve this problem, our research group developed a precise dose analysis procedure in which a systematic uncertainty related to the X-ray incident direction (ƒÆin) is reduced. ƒÆin information was analyzed from CT images. However, the applicability of our procedure to actual patients with various physiques has not been examined. This study aims to propose a dose analysis procedure that can be applied to patients with various physiques, and to show its impact on dose measurement. Clinical data of 198 patients with Body Mass Index (BMI) values between 15 and 40 kg/m2 (mean value: 23.1 �} 3.8 kg/m2) who underwent chest CT scans were analyzed after dividing them into three groups based on BMI values. The absorbed dose was measured with a small-type Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dosimeter. To derive correction factors related to ƒÆin, the dependence of the actually-measured dose values of various patients on ƒÆin was analyzed. The correction coefficients were determined independently for the three groups classified by BMI values. By correcting the effect of ƒÆin, the systematic uncertainty element could be reduced, resulting in 30 % reduction of the uncertainty. Furthermore, it was found that our analysis procedure makes it possible to visualize outliers. In comparison with the expected dose values based on Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI) values, most of the data fell within the range of �}1.34 mGy (=1ƒÐ). However, 7 % of the data showed large deviations larger than 2ƒÐ. In conclusion, our research group has developed a procedure for measuring patient surface doses that can be applied to patients having various physiques, in which the effects of X-ray incident direction were accurately corrected. The procedure could be one solution to the problems with actual dose measurements during CT examinations, and will be useful for dose management based on the small-type dosimeter. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Acta Medica Okayama 1880-5566 20 2 2025 DNS analysis on the correlation between local burning velocity and flame displacement speed of turbulent premixed flames 25-00212 EN Kazuya TSUBOI Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University The local burning velocity and flame displacement speed are the major properties of premixed flames. The local burning velocity, which is the instantaneous quantity based on the local consumption rate of the unburnt mixture, is considered to be the most appropriate burning velocity in terms of the definition. The local burning velocity can be evaluated theoretically and numerically; however, it is almost impossible to obtain it experimentally using the current technology of measurement. The flame displacement speed can be evaluated more easily than the local burning velocity and compared with the flame displacement speed obtained from experiments. However, the local burning velocity and flame displacement speed have been discussed separately in turbulent premixed flames. In this study, to clarify the relation between the local burning velocity and the flame displacement speed, numerical analyses were performed using the DNS database of statistically steady and fully developed turbulent premixed flames with different density ratios of the unburnt mixture to the burnt product and with different Lewis numbers. It was found that for different density ratios, the local burning velocity was little sensitive to the flame displacement speed in any case under the unity Lewis number. This means the correlation between the local burning velocity and the flame displacement speed is little affected by the dilation of a flame. For different Lewis numbers, the correlation between the local burning velocity and the flame displacement speed was negative in Le = 0.8, and positive in Le = 1.2. This can be explained by the effect of the Lewis number on the local burning velocity, and the flame displacement speed was little affected by the Lewis number in the correlation between the local burning velocity and the flame displacement speed. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 79 6 2025 Real-World Outcomes of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Patients Aged 85 or Older 405 412 EN Chihiro Ouchi Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Mio Morizane Hosokawa Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shuhei Kimura Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yusuke Shiode Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ryo Matoba Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tetsuro Morita Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Morizane Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Original Article 10.18926/AMO/69842 We investigated the treatment outcomes of patients aged ≥85 years with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) who received anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy using either treat-and-extend (TAE) or pro re nata (PRN) regimens for 1 year in real-world clinical practice. Eighty-five eyes from 85 patients were included. Among them, types 1, 2, and 3 macular neovascularization and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy were present in 27.1%, 17.6%, 18.8%, and 36.5%, respectively. TAE and PRN regimens were used in 43.5% and 56.5% of patients, respectively. At baseline, the PRN group was older and had worse best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), greater central retinal thickness, and more intraretinal fluid than the TAE group. In the TAE group, the mean number of injections was 7.6, BCVA improved significantly, and all retinal fluid rates decreased. In the PRN group, the mean number of injections was 3.9, BCVA remained unchanged, and the rates of macular fibrosis and atrophy increased. No serious adverse events were observed in either group. Anti-VEGF therapy was safe for patients aged ≥ 85 years with nAMD, and the TAE regimen effectively improved BCVA in this population. BCVA remained unchanged in the PRN-treated patients, with baseline disease severity and/or undertreatment potentially influencing the outcomes. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 1120-1797 140 2025 Improvements of lateral penumbra at various depth regions in proton pencil beam scanning with a multileaf collimator: Dose verifications and plan comparisons 105684 EN Yuki Tominaga Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Co. Hakuhokai, Osaka Proton Therapy Clinic Yushi Wakisaka Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Co. Hakuhokai, Osaka Proton Therapy Clinic Takahiro Kato Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University Keisuke Yasui School of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University Ryohei Kato Department of Radiation Physics and Technology, Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center Masaya Ichihara Medical Physics Laboratory, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Osaka Masashi Tomida Department of Proton Beam Technology Room, Narita Memorial Proton Center Motoharu Sasaki Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Masataka Oita Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University Teiji Nishio Medical Physics Laboratory, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Osaka Purpose: In scanned proton therapy, the current consensus is that the effective range of the collimator�fs contribution to lateral penumbra improvement is up to approximately 150 mm depth. We characterized the penumbra variations for scanned proton beams with or without a new type of multileaf collimator (MLC) under various air gaps, depth, and with or without range shifter (RS).<br> Methods: Eighty-six uniform dose plans were created (38 RS-negative and 48 RS-positive plans) for nine box targets of 60 �~ 60 �~ 54 mm3 at 0–280 mm depths in water. They were created with or without MLC, with 50–300 mm air gaps. The penumbra and average doses of MLC-positive and MLC-negative plans at the organs at risk (OAR) region of each box plan were compared. Besides, several plan doses were validated by measurements with penumbra (with an average of 80–20 % dose point widths for both side profiles) differences and 2D gamma analysis.<br> Results: The MLC-positive plans reduced the penumbra and mean OAR doses by 1.0–5.1 mm and 3.3–13.5 %, respectively, compared to MLC-negative plans even at >150 mm depths. The penumbra differences in measurements were <�}1.5 mm for all plans. The mean gamma scores at 2 %/2 mm were 97.9 �} 2.3 % and 97.4 �} 3.1 % for the MLC-negative and MLC-positive plans, respectively.<br> Conclusions: The MLC-positive beams improved the penumbra and reduced the OAR dose in every depth region and air gap. We have shown that PBS with MLCs can be useful at more than 150 mm regions, depending on the machine. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery Acta Medica Okayama 2633-1462 6 8 2025 Long-term functional and quality of life outcomes after cementless minimally invasive extendable endoprosthesis replacement in skeletally immature patients with bone sarcomas at the lower limb a Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology Group (JMOG) study 954 963 EN Yusuke Tsuda Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital Yoshihiro Nishida Department of Rehabilitation, Nagoya University Hospital Akio Sakamoto Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Koichi Ogura Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology and Rehabilitation, National Cancer Center Hospital Tomohiro Fujiwara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tetsuya Sekita Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology and Rehabilitation, National Cancer Center Hospital Hirotaka Kawano Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine Hiroshi Kobayashi Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital Aims<br> Extendable endoprostheses are utilized to reconstruct segmental defects following resection of bone sarcomas in skeletally immature children. However, there remains a paucity of data regarding long-term functional and quality of life outcomes.<br> Methods<br> We conducted a retrospective, multicentre study and reviewed 45 children who underwent cementless minimally invasive extendable endoprosthetic replacement. Anatomical sites included the distal femur (n = 29), proximal femur (n = 4), proximal tibia (n = 11), and total femur (n = 1). The mean follow-up period was 12 years. The mean age at extendable endoprosthetic replacement was ten years (5 to 15). Most patients (96%, 43/45) had reached skeletal maturity at the final follow-up.<br> Results<br> The ten-year endoprosthetic failure-free survival rate was 60%. Of the 45 patients, 25 (56%) had 42 complications which were frequently related to structural failure (45%, 19/42), with extension mechanism jamming being the most common (n = 7, 17%). Excluding lengthening procedures, 20 patients (44%) underwent additional surgery with a mean of two surgeries per patient. The mean limb-length discrepancy at the final follow-up was 2.3 cm. Limb salvage was achieved in 44 (98%) patients. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scores, Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS), and EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) were 78%, 92%, and 92% at the last follow-up, respectively. Multiple additional surgeries (≥ 2 times) for complications were associated with worse MSTS scores compared with those without multiple additional surgeries (p = 0.009). Moreover, limb-length discrepancy > 3 cm showed significantly worse MSTS scores compared with those ≤ 3 cm (p = 0.019).<br> Conclusion<br> Extendable endoprostheses were associated with a high complication rate and need for additional surgeries over time, especially for structural-related complications. Despite this, successful limb salvage with reasonable function/quality of life and small limb-length discrepancy were achievable in the long term. Patients�f function in the long term depended on the experience of postoperative complications and limb-length discrepancy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 2168-8184 17 6 2025 Clinical Outcomes and Biomechanical Evaluation of the Cement-Catching Screw Technique for Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures e85955 EN Hisakazu Shitozawa Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Haruo Misawa Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ryusou Orthopaedic Hospital Yoshiaki Oda Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Ryoji Joko Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital Masaya Takahashi Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital Koji Uotani Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Yasuyuki Shiozaki Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Mitoyo General Hospital Tomoko Tetsunaga Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Kensuke Shinohara Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Ryo Nakamichi Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Masataka Ueda Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ryo Takatori Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazutaka Yamashita Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Objectives: We developed a cement-catching screw (CCS) technique for pedicle screw insertion into hardened cement, connecting anterior and posterior vertebral elements during balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) for osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs). This study reports the CCS technique, clinical outcomes, and biomechanical properties.<br> Methods: This retrospective study included 59 patients (20 men, 39 women; mean age, 77.4 �} 8.7 years) who underwent BKP with one-above-one-below posterior fixation for OVFs between 2020 and 2023. Patients were divided into CCS (�|) (without intermediate screws, n = 28) and CCS (+) (with intermediate CCSs, n = 31) groups. Clinical and radiographic outcomes, including activities of daily living, vertebral wedge angle (VWA), surgical level Cobb angle (CA), anterior vertebral body height (AVBH), screw loosening, pullout, and adjacent vertebral fractures, were evaluated preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the final follow-up (≥6 months). Biomechanical pullout strength was assessed at different insertion depths (5, 10, and 15 mm) using polymethylmethacrylate cement.<br> Results: No significant differences were observed between groups in age, sex, follow-up duration, or blood loss; however, the operation time was significantly longer in the CCS (+) group than in the CCS (�|) group (P < 0.0001). Radiographic outcomes showed no significant differences in the VWA, CA, AVBH, adjacent vertebral fracture rates, and reoperation rates. However, the incidence of adjacent pedicle screws loosening and pullout was significantly higher in the CCS (�|) group than in the CCS (+) group (P = 0.046 and 0.0084, respectively). The correction loss of the CA was significantly lower in the CCS (+) group (CCS (�|), 5.6�‹ �} 4.8�‹; CCS (+), 3.5�‹ �} 4.8�‹, P = 0.023). The biomechanical test revealed pullout strengths of 683 �} 164, 2231 �} 208, and 3477 �} 393 N for insertion depths of 5, 10, and 15 mm, respectively, with significant increases by depth (P = 0.003 and 0.009).<br> Conclusions: The CCS technique improves anterior-posterior vertebral body stability, enhances fixation strength, and contributes to better surgical outcomes in OVFs treatment. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 2168-8184 17 1 2025 Mid-term Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of the Actis Total Hip System: A Retrospective Study e77632 EN Yasutaka Masada Department of Medical Materials for Musculoskeletal Reconstruction, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Tomonori Tetsunaga Department of Musculoskeletal Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kazuki Yamada Department of Medical Materials for Musculoskeletal Reconstruction, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Takashi Koura Department of Medical Materials for Musculoskeletal Reconstruction, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Tomohiro Inoue Department of Medical Materials for Musculoskeletal Reconstruction, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Ryuichiro Okuda Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Tomoko Tetsunaga Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Yusuke Yokoyama Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Yuki Okazaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Introduction<br> Implant technology for total hip arthroplasty (THA) was developed to improve hip function and patient satisfaction. Actis (DePuy Synthes, Warsaw, IN, USA) is a short fit-and-fill titanium stem, with a medial-collared and triple-taper (MCTT) geometry, that is fully coated with hydroxyapatite (HA). We evaluated the radiographic and clinical outcomes of the Actis Total Hip System during a mean follow-up of five years.<br> Patients and methods<br> We retrospectively analyzed data from 80 patients (14 male and 66 female, mean age: 65 �} 8.4 years) who underwent primary THA using Actis stems (anterolateral approach, 60 hips; posterior approach, 20 hips). Radiographs were obtained postoperatively and at the time of the final examination. Radiographic assessments included the alignment of the femoral stem, spot welds, stress shielding, cortical hypertrophy, subsidence (>2 mm), radiolucent line, pedestal formation, Dorr type, canal fill ratio (CFR), and stem fixation. Clinical evaluation included the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip-Disease Evaluation Questionnaire (JHEQ) and Harris Hip Score (HHS).<br> Results<br> The mean follow-up period was 64.0 �} 6.0 months. No significant differences were observed in the alignment of the femoral components between approaches. Of the 80 hips, 53 (66.3%) showed radiographic signs of stem osseointegration, predominantly in the mid-distal region of the stem at the final follow-up. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that younger age and a higher CFR (20 mm proximal to the lesser trochanter) were associated with the presence of spot welds. Mild stress shielding occurred in 25 hips (31.3%), and no patient experienced severe stress shielding. All stems were fixed by bone on growth. The JHEQ and HHS significantly improved at the final assessment.<br> Conclusion<br> At the five-year follow-up, patients who received the Actis Total Hip System during THA had good radiographic and clinical outcomes.<br> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI AG Acta Medica Okayama 1648-9144 61 6 2025 Accuracy Verification of a Computed Tomography-Based Navigation System for Total Hip Arthroplasty in Severe Hip Dysplasia: A Simulation Study Using 3D-Printed Bone Models of Crowe Types II, III, and IV 973 EN Ryuichiro Okuda Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomonori Tetsunaga Department of Musculoskeletal Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kazuki Yamada Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Tomoko Tetsunaga Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Takashi Koura Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomohiro Inoue Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasutaka Masada Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Okazaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background and Objective: The use of computed tomography (CT)-based navigation systems has been shown to improve surgical accuracy in total hip arthroplasty. However, there is limited literature available about the application of CT-based navigation systems in severe hip dysplasia. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a CT-based navigation system in patients with severe hip dysplasia using three-dimensional (3D)-printed bone models. Methods: 3D-printed bone models were generated from CT data of patients with severe hip dysplasia (Crowe type II, 10 hips; type III, 10 hips; and type IV, 10 hips). The accuracy of automatic segmentation, success rate, point-matching accuracy across different registration methods, and deviation values at reference points after registration were assessed. Results: For the combined cohort of Crowe II, III, and IV cases (n = 30), the Dice Similarity Coefficient and Jaccard Index were 0.99 �} 0.01 and 0.98 �} 0.02, respectively. These values indicate a high level of segmentation accuracy. The �gMatching with true and false acetabulum + iliac crest�h method achieved a 100% success rate across all groups, with mean deviations of 0.08 �} 0.28 mm in the Crowe II group, 0.12 �} 0.33 mm in the Crowe III group, and 0.14 �} 0.50 mm in the Crowe IV group (p = 0.572). In the Crowe IV group, the anterior superior iliac spine deviation was significantly lower using the �gMatching with true and false acetabulum + iliac crest�h method compared to the �gMatching with true and false acetabulum�h method (0.28 �} 0.49 mm vs. 3.29 �} 2.56 mm, p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated the high accuracy of automatic AI-based segmentation, with a Dice Similarity Coefficient of 0.99 �} 0.01 and a Jaccard Index of 0.98 �} 0.02 in the combined cohort of Crowe type II, III, and IV cases (n = 30). The matching success rate was 100%, with additional points on the iliac crest, which improved matching accuracy and reduced deviations, depending on the case. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0916-9636 48 11 2025 Efficacy and safety of esaxerenone with and without sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor use in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pooled analysis of five clinical studies 2924 2937 EN Hirohiko Motoki Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine Koichiro Kuwahara Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine Haruhito A. Uchida Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jun Wada Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuomi Kario Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine Tomohiro Katsuya Katsuya Clinic Tatsuo Shimosawa Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Kenichi Tsujita Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Shoko Suzuki Data Intelligence Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. Tomohiro Suedomi Primary Medical Science Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. Takashi Taguchi Primary Medical Science Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. This pooled subanalysis of five multicenter, prospective, open-label, single-arm studies on esaxerenone aimed to evaluate the efficacy, organ-protective effects, and safety of esaxerenone in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with and without concomitant sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) therapy. In total, 283 and 279 patients were included in the safety (with SGLT2i, 148; without, 135) and full analysis sets (with SGLT2i; 145; without, 134), respectively. Significant changes in morning home systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) from baseline to Week 12 were shown in the overall population (mean change: �|11.9/�|5.2 mmHg, both P < 0.001) and both SGLT2i and non-SGLT2i subgroups (�|11.3/�|4.8 and �|12.5/�|5.7 mmHg, respectively, all P < 0.001). Similar findings were observed in bedtime home and office SBP/DBP. The proportions of patients who achieved target home SBP/DBP < 135/85 mmHg were 71.2% (overall population) and 70.5% and 71.9% in the SGLT2i and non-SGLT2i subgroups, respectively. The urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio significantly improved from baseline to Week 12 in the overall population and SGLT2i subgroups (percentage change in geometric mean from baseline: �|42.8%, �|43.0%, and �|42.6%, respectively, all P < 0.001). N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels improved in all groups. The incidence of serum potassium ≥5.5 mEq/L was 2.0% vs 5.2% in the SGLT2i vs non-SGLT2i subgroups. Esaxerenone demonstrated significant BP-lowering effects, and improved renal and cardiovascular parameters, regardless of SGLT2i use. Safety was consistent across groups, with the numerically lower incidence of serum potassium ≥5.5 mEq/L in the SGLT2i subgroup suggesting a potential mitigating effect of SGLT2is on the risk of hyperkalemia. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1342-1751 29 10 2025 First-time diagnosis and referral practices for individuals with CKD by primary care physicians: a study of electronic medical records across multiple clinics in Japan 1342 1353 EN Haruhito A. Uchida Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Jun Wada Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yuji Nagao Medicine Division, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd. Katsuhito Ihara Medicine Division, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd. Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health burden in Japan. Japanese primary care physicians (PCPs) are expected to play an important role in the early diagnosis and management of CKD, but comprehensive data on their role are limited.<br> Methods This observational study examined data from individuals who underwent tests for CKD diagnosis between January 2017 and September 2023 in the Japan Medical Data Survey (JAMDAS) database of primary care clinics in Japan. The primary outcome was the proportion of individuals with CKD without the registration of a CKD-related disease code. Time to CKD diagnosis and referral were also assessed.<br> Results Among 1,188,543 eligible individuals who underwent kidney-related laboratory tests, 183,473 (15.4%) met CKD diagnosis criteria according to the Japanese Clinical Practice Guideline for CKD. The mean (�} SD) age was 77.4 �} 11.0 years, 57.1% were female, and 71.8% had CKD stage 3a. Over 98% of individuals who met CKD diagnosis criteria did not receive an insurance diagnosis code within 90 days after meeting the criteria. Among referrable individuals, 89.7% did not receive a referral within 90 days of meeting the referral criteria.<br> Conclusion These results suggest CKD may be underdiagnosed and under-referred in Japanese clinics. Measures should be taken to increase detection and diagnosis according to the Japanese Clinical Practice Guideline for CKD. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0916-9636 48 9 2025 Efficacy and safety of esaxerenone in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease, with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pooled analysis of five clinical studies 2413 2426 EN Haruhito A. Uchida Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jun Wada Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hirohiko Motoki Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine Koichiro Kuwahara Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine Kazuomi Kario Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine Tomohiro Katsuya Katsuya Clinic Tatsuo Shimosawa Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Kenichi Tsujita Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Shoko Suzuki Data Intelligence Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Tomohiro Suedomi Primary Medical Science Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Takashi Taguchi Primary Medical Science Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Effective management of blood pressure (BP) and albuminuria are crucial for suppressing chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and cardiovascular risks in hypertension. This pooled analysis evaluated the antihypertensive effects, organ-protective effects, and safety of esaxerenone in hypertensive patients with CKD by integrating five clinical studies of esaxerenone. Patients were divided based on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) status (with or without T2DM) and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcreat) (30 to <60 and ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Significant changes in morning home BP from baseline at Week 12 were observed in the overall population (mean change �|12.8/ �| 5.4 mmHg), T2DM subgroups ( �| 12.2/ �| 4.5 and �|14.5/ �| 7.8 mmHg), and eGFRcreat subgroups ( �| 12.5/ �| 4.7 and �|14.0/ �| 6.9 mmHg) (all P < 0.001). Bedtime home and office BP showed similar tendencies. Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio significantly improved from baseline at Week 12 in the overall population (mean change: �|55.2%), T2DM subgroups ( �| 56.5% and �|52.0%), and eGFRcreat subgroups ( �| 54.6% and �|55.4%) (all P < 0.001). N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels significantly decreased in the overall population (percent change: �|14.1%) and subgroup without T2DM ( �| 25.3%). The incidence of serum potassium ≥5.5 mEq/L was lower in the subgroup with T2DM vs without T2DM (3.1% and 11.3%), potentially related to the use of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. These findings highlight the sustained BP-lowering effect of esaxerenone throughout the day in hypertensive patients with CKD, irrespective of T2DM status, and its significant reduction in albuminuria. The data support the safety and efficacy of esaxerenone in this patient population, underscoring its potential as a valuable therapeutic option. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 2040-1116 16 6 2025 Relation between obesity and health disorders as revealed by the J-ORBIT clinical information collection system directly linked to electronic medical records (J-ORBIT 1) 1100 1111 EN Seiji Nishikage Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Yushi Hirota Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Yasushi Nakagawa Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Masamichi Ishii Center for Medical Informatics Intelligence, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Mitsuru Ohsugi Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Eiichi Maeda Division of Medical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kai Yoshimura Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Akane Yamamoto Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Tomofumi Takayoshi Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Takehiro Kato Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Daisuke Yabe Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Munehide Matsuhisa Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University Jun Eguchi Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jun Wada Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yukihiro Fujita Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science Shinji Kume Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science Hiroshi Maegawa Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science Kana Miyake Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Nobuhiro Shojima Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Toshimasa Yamauchi Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Koutaro Yokote Chiba University Kohjiro Ueki Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kengo Miyo Center for Medical Informatics Intelligence, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Wataru Ogawa Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Aims/Introduction: Obesity triggers various health disorders, but information on these disorders in real-world settings remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we developed a database directly linked to electronic medical records (EMRs). We here present the baseline data for this database, designated Japan Obesity Research Based on electronIc healTh Records (J-ORBIT).<br> Materials and Methods: Individuals with obesity disease diagnosed according to the criteria of the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity were registered in J-ORBIT from seven medical centers in Japan. We analyzed the relationship between body mass index (BMI), clinical characteristics, and the prevalence of obesity-related health disorders in this cohort.<br> Results: Data were obtained from 1,169 individuals, with a mean (�}SD) age of 56.9 �} 15.3 years and a BMI of 31.4 �} 6.1 kg/m2. The prevalence of health disorders varied substantially across BMI categories, with a higher BMI being associated with an increased prevalence of hyperuricemia or gout, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome or obesity hypoventilation syndrome, musculoskeletal disorders, and obesity-related kidney disease, as well as with a higher frequency of both a family history of obesity and of a history of childhood obesity. Among individuals with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2, the prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia did not increase with BMI, whereas that of glucose intolerance decreased with increasing BMI.<br> Conclusions: The J-ORBIT system, which collects clinical data in real time directly from EMRs, has the potential to provide insight into obesity and its associated health conditions, thereby contributing to improved care of affected individuals. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 2168-8184 17 11 2025 Long-Term Outcome of Xenon-Arc Photocoagulation for Retinopathy of Prematurity in the 1970s in Japan: Eleven Patients With 32- to 49-Year Follow-Up e97797 EN Toshihiko Matsuo Healthcare Science, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University Nobuhiko Matsuo Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School Objectives: Photocoagulation or cryocautery, or their combinations, are the standard of care for retinopathy of prematurity at the recommended timing, which is based on the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. In Japan, the effectiveness of xenon-arc photocoagulation and cryocautery in retinopathy of prematurity was reported on an empirical basis first in 1968, and became the standard of care in retinopathy of prematurity in the 1970s, 10 years earlier compared with the other countries. In this study, we reported the up to 49 years visual outcome of 11 patients with retinopathy of prematurity who underwent xenon-arc photocoagulation and cryocautery in the 1970s.<br> Methods: A retrospective review was made on the medical records of 11 consecutive patients who underwent xenon-arc photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity in the years 1974 to 1980, and were followed up until the period from 2009 to 2025. The birthweight ranged from 865 g to 2300 g at a median of 1350 g, and the gestational age at birth ranged from 27 weeks to 36 weeks at a median of 30 weeks. The corrected gestational age at the time of photocoagulation ranged from 32 weeks to 53 weeks, with a median of 37 weeks. Oxygen was given to all 11 patients, except for one who was born in the earliest year 1974. The retinopathy of prematurity was at stage 3 in both eyes of seven patients, with plus disease signs in four patients, at stage 2 with and without plus disease in two patients, at stage 2 and stage 3 in each eye of one patient, and at stage 1 with plus disease in both eyes of one patient. The entire 360-degree photocoagulation was given in seven patients, while partial photocoagulation was applied in four patients. Additional cryocautery was applied in six patients.<br> Results: The age at the last visit ranged from 32 to 49 years with a median of 46 years. At the last visit, seven patients showed the best-corrected visual acuity in decimals of 0.8 or better in both eyes. One dizygotic twin showed no light perception in the phthisic right eye and 0.1 in the left eye with macular degeneration and nystagmus after he underwent cataract surgery at the age of 34 years. The other twin had the best-corrected visual acuity of 0.5 in the right eye and 0.02 in the left eye due to macular degeneration after he underwent cataract surgeries in both eyes at the age of 36 years. Two patients developed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in one eye at the age of 44 and 41 years, respectively, and underwent vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade, resulting in visual acuity of 0.1 and 0.3, respectively. Two patients experienced vitreous hemorrhage in one eye, which was absorbed spontaneously at the ages of 37 years and 42 years, respectively. One patient underwent partial scleral buckling for localized rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. No patient used intraocular pressure-lowering eyedrops.<br> Conclusion: Most patients with xenon-arc photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity in the 1970s maintained standard levels of visual acuity up to 49 years in the follow-up. Cataract, retinal detachment, and vitreous hemorrhage were noted as late complications and were coped with on an individual basis. The conclusion would have a meaning, even though not novel, that the patients with retinopathy of prematurity would have benefited from the xenon-arc photocoagulation and cryocautery. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 0301-679X 214 2026 The influence of lubricant additives and surface roughness and hardness of material on the damage behavior of gears 111341 EN Takuya Ohno Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Tadashi Shiota Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Masahiro Fujii Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University This study investigates the influence of lubricant additives, surface roughness, and material hardness on gear damage behavior under boundary lubrication conditions. We conducted both the Short-term Test and the Standard Test using an FZG gear test machine to evaluate how lubricant additives and gear surface roughness influence damage progression when the surface roughness exceeds the oil-film thickness. Acid phosphate ester effectively suppressed micropitting through surface smoothing but led to severe damage such as pitting and scuffing during prolonged use. In contrast, sulfurized fatty oil promoted mild wear, delaying catastrophic failures and extending gear life. Higher surface roughness accelerated wear, while increased hardness reduced deformation but it expanded damage areas. The study found that initial surface roughness and its progress during load stages strongly correlate with gear durability. Measurement of arithmetic mean roughness after sufficient running-in under actual load conditions proved useful for predicting long-term performance. These findings highlight the importance of selecting lubricant formulations tailored to specific gear operating environments and damage modes. Understanding the interplay between lubrication chemistry and material properties enables the design of more durable gear systems. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

The Japanese Society of Interventional Radiology Acta Medica Okayama 2432-0935 10 2025 Optimal Virtual-target Definition for Detecting Feeding Arteries of Renal Cell Carcinoma Using Automated Feeder-detection Software e2025-0034 EN Soichiro Okamoto Department of Radiology, Medical Development Field, Okayama University Yusuke Matsui Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Takahiro Kawabata Department of Radiology, Tsuyama Chuo Hospital Koji Tomita Department of Radiology, Medical Development Field, Okayama University Kazuaki Munetomo Department of Radiology, Medical Development Field, Okayama University Noriyuki Umakoshi Department of Radiology, Medical Development Field, Okayama University Fumiyo Higaki Department of Radiology, Medical Development Field, Okayama University Toshihiro Iguchi Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Takao Hiraki Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Purpose: To determine the optimal virtual-target definition for detecting renal cell carcinoma feeders using transarterial computed tomography angiography with automated feeder-detection software.<br> Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 17 patients with 17 renal cell carcinomas who underwent transarterial ethiodized-oil marking before cryoablation. Tumor feeders were automatically detected on transarterial renal computed tomography angiography images using the automated feeder-detection software with three virtual-target definitions: small (ellipsoidal area maximized within the tumor contour), medium (ellipsoidal area covering the entire tumor with a minimal peripheral margin), and large (ellipsoidal area including the tumor and a 5-mm peripheral margin). The detected feeders were classified as true or false positives according to the findings of selective renal arteriography, by consensus of two interventional radiologists. Feeder-detection sensitivity and the mean number of false-positive feeders per tumor were calculated for each virtual-target definition.<br> Results: For 17 tumors, 25 feeding arteries were identified on the arteriography. The feeder-detection sensitivity of the software was 80.0% (20/25), 88.0% (22/25), and 48.0% (12/25) for small, medium, and large virtual targets, respectively. The mean �} standard deviation number of false-positive feeders per tumor was 0.82 �} 1.3, 1.41 �} 1.1, and 2.82 �} 1.6 when using small, medium, and large virtual-target definitions, respectively.<br> Conclusions: The detection rate of renal cell carcinoma feeders with the automated feeder-detection software varies according to the virtual-target definition. Using a medium virtual target, covering the entire tumor with a minimal peripheral margin, may provide the highest sensitivity and an acceptable number of false-positive feeders. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

‰ªŽR‘åŠwŒo�ÏŠw‰ï Acta Medica Okayama 2433-4146 57 2 2025 ‘ΘbŒ^”ü�pŠÓ�Ü‚É‚¨‚¯‚é‘n‘¢�«‚Ì—�˜_“I�lŽ@‚Æ•ª�̓tƒŒ�[ƒ€ƒ��[ƒN‚Ì�\’z 17 30 EN Satoru Miyazaki Shizuka Teramoto /10.18926/OER/69551 �@In this study, we theoretically examined the mechanism of creativity in interactive art appreciation and presented it as an analytical framework.<br> �@In interactive art appreciation, viewers engage in collaborative dialogue with the artwork and other viewers, and are influenced by the promotion of creativity and improvement of the quality of the dialogue through the intervention of facilitation. This introduces an otherness that is different from the self, which creates a deviation from existing interpretations. This discrepancy in interpretation brings about a conceptual shift in the viewer, resulting in the creation of a new theory; this newly created theory eventually becomes the existing theory, and once again a collaborative dialogue takes place, giving birth to a new theory.<br> �@In this cyclical process of creativity in interactive art appreciation, knowledge is created and accumulated, and existing knowledge is creatively destroyed to reconstruct new knowledge. Learning takes place through mutual learning mediated by intrinsic motivation, and eventually learning takes place to arrive at new interpretations, although sometimes learning support is handed over from the facilitator to the viewers. For viewers whose abilities to create meaning and grasp value are underdeveloped, interactive art appreciation helps to encourage this development, and it has the potential to have a ripple effect on development not only in art but also in the broader realm of everyday knowledge outside of art. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Spandidos Publications Acta Medica Okayama 1791-2997 33 1 2025 Protective impact of landiolol against acute lung injury following hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rats 22 EN Risa Sakamoto Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroko Shimizu Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Medical School Ryu Nakamura Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Medical School Yifu Lu Department of Human Anatomy, Shantou University Medical College Yaqiang Li Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Emiko Omori Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toru Takahashi Department of Anesthesiology, Okayama Saidaiji Hospital Hiroshi Morimatsu Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HSR) induces pulmonary inflammation, leading to acute lung injury (ALI). Notably, blocking ƒÀ1 receptors can lead to organ protection through anti‑inflammatory and anti‑apoptotic effects. Additionally, although the ƒÀ1 receptor pathway is blocked by the ƒÀ1 blocker, the ƒÀ2 receptor pathway may be preserved and activate the 5' adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. The present study aimed to examine whether administration of the ƒÀ1 blocker landiolol could achieve lung protection in a model of HSR‑ALI, alongside improvements in inflammation and apoptosis. Male Sprague‑Dawley rats underwent hemorrhage keeping their mean arterial pressure at 30 mmHg for 1 h. Resuscitation by reinfusion was initiated to restore blood pressure to pre‑hemorrhage levels for >15 min, followed by a 45‑min stabilization period to create the HSR‑ALI model. Landiolol (100 mg/kg/min) or saline was continuously administered after resuscitation. The lung tissues, which were collected for assessing inflammation and apoptosis‑related damage, underwent analyses, including histological examination, neutrophil count, assessment of lung wet/dry weight ratio, detection of the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor‑ƒ¿ (TNF‑ƒ¿) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), identification of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‑end labeling (TUNEL)‑positive cells, and evaluation of caspase‑3 expression. In addition, phosphorylated AMPKƒ¿ (pAMPKƒ¿) expression was tested via western blotting. Compared with the HSR/saline group, the HSR/landiolol group demonstrated a reduction in lung tissue damage score, and significant reductions in neutrophil count, lung wet/dry weight ratio, lung TNF‑ƒ¿ and iNOS mRNA levels, TUNEL‑positive cells and cleaved caspase‑3 expression. Furthermore, landiolol administration following HSR treatment increased pAMPKƒ¿ expression. No significant hypotension occurred between the HSR/landiolol and HSR/saline groups; and blood loss did not differ significantly between the groups. In conclusion, landiolol administration after HSR reduced lung inflammation and apoptosis, suggesting a potential improvement in tissue damage. Furthermore, pAMPKƒ¿ activation in the HSR/landiolol group may be the mechanism underlying the pulmonary protective effects of landiolol. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 2666-6677 23 2025 AHA�fs Life�fs Essential-8 cardiovascular health metrics and progression of coronary artery calcification in Japanese men 101081 EN Rajib Mondal Department of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Aya Kadota Department of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Yuichiro Yano Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University Sayaka Kadowaki Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science Sayuki Torii Department of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Keiko Kondo Department of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Akiko Harada Department of Medical Statistics, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Megumi Kawashima Department of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Itsuko Miyazawa Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science Hiroyoshi Segawa NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Takashi Hisamatsu Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshiyuki Watanabe Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science Yoshihisa Nakagawa Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science Akira Fujiyoshi Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Okayama Medical University Katsuyuki Miura Department of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Background and aims: The American Heart Association�fs Life�fs Essential-8 (LE8) cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics is considered a comprehensive framework for optimal cardiovascular wellbeing. However, its relationship with the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis, like coronary artery calcification (CAC), is not clarified. We investigated the associations of LE8 CVH metrics with the prevalence and progression of CAC in Japanese men.<br> Methods: We analyzed data from 760 asymptomatic men participating in the Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis. We assessed baseline (2006–2008) LE8 CVH (low, 0–49 points; moderate, 50–79 points; high, 80–100 points) using its eight components (diet, physical activity assessed by step count, smoking, sleep, body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose, blood pressure). We quantified CAC at baseline and follow-up of 5 years employing Agatston�fs method and defined its baseline prevalence (CAC >0) and progression (employing Berry�fs criteria). Modified Poisson regression analyses were used to estimate risk ratio (RR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI), adjusted for age and family history of cardiovascular disease.<br> Results: Participants (mean [SD] age, 63.8 [9.4] years) had 63.2 % and 44.9 % prevalence of CAC at baseline and CAC progression at follow-up, respectively. Individuals with moderate and low CVH at baseline had a higher risk of prevalent CAC (RR [95 % CI], 1.42 [1.18–1.71] and 2.07 [1.67–2.57], respectively) at baseline, compared to those with high CVH. Those with moderate and low CVH at baseline had a higher risk of CAC progression (RR [95 % CI], 1.52 [1.17–1.97] and 1.99 [1.42–2.81], respectively), compared to high CVH individuals.<br> Conclusions: A lower LE8 CVH is significantly associated with a higher risk of prevalence and progression of CAC in general Japanese men. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Public Library of Science (PLoS) Acta Medica Okayama 1932-6203 20 10 2025 Relationship between obesity indices and cognitive function in Japanese men: A cross-sectional study e0332595 EN Satoshi Matsuno Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science Yuji Ozeki Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science Sayaka Kadowaki NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Sayuki Torii NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Keiko Kondo NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Naoko Miyagawa Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine Azusa Shima Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science Mizuki Ohashi NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Itsuko Miyazawa Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science Hiroyoshi Segawa NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Takashi Hisamatsu Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Aya Kadota NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Katsuyuki Miura NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science We aimed to investigate the associations among various obesity indices, including visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and cognitive function in community-dwelling Japanese men. This population-based cross-sectional study used data of 853 men who participated in the follow-up examinations of the Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis. Among them, we analyzed data of 776 men who completed the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) and had abdominal VAT and SAT areas measured using computed tomography. The VAT-to-SAT ratio (VSR) was calculated; participants were categorized into VSR quartiles. Using analysis of covariance, we computed crude and adjusted means of the CASI total and domain scores across VSR quartiles, adjusting for potential confounders. No significant differences were observed in total CASI scores among body mass index, VAT, or SAT quartiles. However, in the multivariable-adjusted model, participants in the lowest VSR quartile (Q1) had significantly lower CASI total scores than those in the third quartile (Q3) (Q1: 89.5, Q3: 90.9). Low VSR was independently associated with lower cognitive function in a community-based sample of middle-aged and older Japanese men. In summary, VSR may be associated with cognitive function in Japanese men, highlighting the importance of fat distribution in cognitive health and highlighting VSR as a useful indicator. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 2168-8184 17 8 2025 A Higher Liver Fibrosis-4 Index Is Associated With More Severe Hearing Loss in Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss e89864 EN Yukihide Maeda Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Soshi Takao Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ryotaro Omichi Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Mizuo Ando Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background<br> Liver fibrosis is an important medical issue increasing over time in developed countries.<br> Aims/objectives<br> This study aimed to investigate whether liver fibrosis, as indicated by routine blood test parameters, influences the risk and severity of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL).<br> Material and methods<br> Sixty-six patients with ISSNHL and 198 patients with benign parotid gland tumors (BPTs) (controls) were enrolled. Indices for liver fibrosis (Liver Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4 index) and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI)) were calculated from the blood laboratory data. The pure tone average (PTA) was calculated as the mean of hearing levels at the six frequencies at the onset of ISSNHL. Severe hearing loss was defined as PTA≥60 decibels Hearing Level (dB HL).<br> Results<br> In risk evaluation, the FIB-4 index did not differ significantly between ISSNHL patients and controls. Regarding the severity of ISSNHL, the FIB-4 index was significantly higher in ISSNHL patients with severe hearing loss than in those with PTA<60 dB HL (P<0.05) on univariate comparison. After adjusting for age, sex, and indices of inflammation, both the FIB-4 index and APRI showed a significant association with severe hearing loss (odds ratio (OR): 5.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-25.7, and OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1-4.7).<br> Conclusions and significance<br> Higher liver fibrosis indices (FIB-4 index and APRI), derived from routine blood laboratory data, are associated with a more severe phenotype of ISSNHL. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 79 5 2025 Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Patterns Identified by Unsupervised Machine Learning and Their Associations with Subclinical Cerebral and Renal Damage in a Japanese Community: The Masuda Study 369 379 EN Takashi Hisamatsu Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Minako Kinuta Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Sosuke Munetomo Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Mari Fukuda Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Katsuhide Kojima Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Kaori Taniguchi Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Izumo, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine Noriko Nakahata Department of Health and Nutrition, The University of Shimane Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition Hideyuki Kanda Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Original Article 10.18926/AMO/69438 We applied unsupervised machine learning to analyze blood pressure (BP) and resting heart rate (HR) patterns measured during a 1-year period to assess their cross-sectional relationships with subclinical cerebral and renal target damage. Dimension reduction via uniform manifold approximation and projection, followed by K-means++ clustering, was used to categorize 362 community-dwelling participants (mean age, 56.2 years; 54.9% women) into three groups: Low BP and Low HR (Lo-BP/Lo-HR), High BP and High HR (Hi-BP/Hi-HR), and Low BP and High HR (Lo-BP/Hi-HR). Cerebral vessel lesions were defined as the presence of at least one of the following magnetic resonance imaging findings: lacunar infarcts, white matter hyperintensities, cerebral microbleeds, or intracranial artery stenosis. A high urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) was defined as the top 10% (≥ 12 mg/g) of the mean value from ≥2 measurements. Poisson regression with robust error variance, adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, and medical history, showed that the Hi-BP/Hi-HR group had relative risks of 3.62 (95% confidence interval, 1.75-7.46) for cerebral vessel lesions and 3.58 (1.33-9.67) for high UACR, and the Lo-BP/Hi-HR group had a relative risk of 3.09 (1.12-8.57) for high UACR, compared with the Lo-BP/Lo-HR group. These findings demonstrate the utility of an unsupervised, data-driven approach for identifying physiological patterns associated with subclinical target organ damage. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 79 5 2025 Comparison of Extraocular Muscles in Patients with Exotropia and Healthy Participants Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography 353 358 EN Yuki Chihara Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ichiro Hamasaki Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kiyo Shibata Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shin Morisawa Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Reika Kono Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Keisuke Kanenaga Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Morizane Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Original Article /10.18926/AMO/69436 To analyze and characterize the medial and lateral rectus muscles in patients with exotropia using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). This study included 24 patients with exotropia (48 eyes) and 25 healthy individuals (50 eyes). Anterior segment optical coherence tomography was used to construct the en face images. The anterior chamber angle to the extraocular muscle insertion distance, muscle width, and muscle fiber angle from the muscle insertion sites were compared between the exotropia and the control groups. The correlation between these parameters and age or angle of deviation was evaluated. The mean ages were 13.2�}4.1 years for the exotropia group and 17.6�}7.2 years for the control group. The lateral rectus angle was significantly more inwardly rotated in the exotropia group than in the control group (1.6�}6.3�‹, �|1.4�}4.0�‹, p=0.014). With increasing angle of deviation, the width of the lateral rectus increased (p=0.002). Our results indicate that the lateral rectus angle is significantly more inwardly rotated in patients with exotropia. These findings should contribute to a deeper understanding of the extraocular muscles in patients with this condition. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 79 5 2025 Evaluation of Scleral Adjustment Method: A Novel Adjustable Suture Technique in Strabismus Surgery 339 343 EN Ichiro Hamasaki Lino Eye Clinic Kiyo Shibata Lino Eye Clinic Original Article /10.18926/AMO/69434 To determine whether passing a pole suture through the sclera at two points provides fixation comparable to that of a sliding noose, we measured the tensile strength of the suture‒sclera interface during simulated traction. In this in vitro study, three suture patterns were evaluated in porcine eyeballs, using 6-0 polyglycolic acid sutures. Patterns A (control), B (second suture pass perpendicular), and C (second suture pass in the same direction) were compared. The tensile strength of each pattern was measured 20 times using a KANON TK300CN, and the results were analyzed using the Kruskal‒Wallis test. Pattern A showed a tensile strength of 2�}4 gram-force (gf) (range: 0-12). Pattern B showed 112�}38 gf (range: 61-184). Pattern C showed 139�}31 gf (range: 97-204). Patterns B and C had significantly higher tensile strengths than Pattern A (p<0.001). Although Pattern C was not significantly different from Pattern B (p=0.363), it exhibited the highest tensile strength. Lifting the suture between the first and second suture passes allows for an adjustable suture length, suggesting that adjustability can be achieved using only the sclera. This scleral adjustment method with a second suture pass offers a durable means of securing extraocular muscles and may represent a valuable addition to adjustable suturing techniques. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

AVES YAYINCILIK A.Ş. Acta Medica Okayama 2980-1478 50 5 2025 A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Penis Length and Circumference According to WHO Regions: Who has the Biggest One? 291 301 EN Hadi Mostafaei Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Keiichiro Mori Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Satoshi Katayama Department of Urology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Fahad Quhal Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Benjamin Pradere Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Takafumi Yanagisawa Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Ekaterina Laukhtina Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Frederik König Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Reza Sari Motlagh Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Pawel Rajwa Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Hanieh Salehi-Pourmehr Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Sakineh Hajebrahimi Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Shahrokh F. Shariat Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of stretched, erect, and flaccid penis length as well as circumference according to geographic WHO regions. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched for articles published until February 2024. Studies in which a healthcare professional evaluated the penis size were considered eligible. After assessing the risk of bias, a systematic review and meta-analyses were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis statement, and the outcomes were grouped based on the WHO regions. A total of 33 studies comprising 36 883 patients were included. The risk of bias in the included studies was moderate/low. A comprehensive systematic review was done and meta-analyses performed for flaccid length [n = 28 201, mean (SE) 9.22 (0.24) cm], stretched length [n = 20 814, mean (SE) 12.84 (0.32) cm], erect length [n = 5669, mean (SE) 13.84 (0.94) cm], flaccid circumference [n = 30 117, mean (SE) 9.10 (0.12) cm], and erect circumference [n = 5168, mean (SE) 11.91 (0.18) cm]. The mean length of the stretched penis was largest in Americans [14.47 (0.90) cm]. The mean length of the flaccid penis was the largest in the Americas [10.98 (0.064) cm]. The mean flaccid penile circumference was largest in Americans [n = 29 714, mean (SE) 10.00 (0.04) cm]. Penis sizes vary across WHO regions, suggesting the need to adjust standards according to geography to better understand councilmen and their partners. These data provide a framework for discussing body image expectations and therapeutic strategies in this sensitive and emotional subject matter. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 2045-2322 15 1 2025 Continuous glucose monitoring reveals periodontitis-induced glucose variability, insulin resistance, and gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice 34768 EN Moyuka Kubota-Takamori Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kazuhiro Omori Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Chiaki Kamei-Nagata Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Division of Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital Fumiko Kiyama Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Takayuki Ishii Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Masaaki Nakayama Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kazuyoshi Gotoh Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences Kimito Hirai Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Division of Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital Yuki Shinoda-Ito Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Keisuke Okubo Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Division of Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital Shin Nakamura Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Atsushi Ikeda Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Division of Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital Tsugumichi Saito Department of Health & Sports Sciences, Faculty of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University Jun Wada Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Shogo Takashiba Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Diabetes mellitus (DM) management has advanced from self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), which better prevents complications. However, the influence of periodontitis�\a common DM complication�\on glucose variability is unclear. This study examined glucose variability in mice with periodontitis using CGM. Periodontitis was induced in 9-week-old male C57BL/6J mice via silk ligatures around the upper second molars. Glucose levels were monitored over 14 days with CGM, validated by SMBG. On day 14, samples were collected to assess alveolar bone resorption and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-ƒ¿ (TNF-ƒ¿), insulin, and amyloid A. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were conducted to evaluate insulin resistance. Gut microbiota diversity was also analyzed. By day 10, mice with periodontitis exhibited higher mean glucose levels and time above range than controls. On day 14, serum insulin and amyloid A levels significantly increased, while TNF-ƒ¿ remained unchanged. GTT and ITT indicated insulin resistance. Microbiota analysis showed reduced alpha- and altered beta-diversity, with decreased Coprococcus spp. and increased Prevotella spp., linking dysbiosis to insulin resistance. Periodontitis disrupts glucose regulation by promoting insulin resistance and gut microbiota imbalance, leading to significant glucose variability. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) Acta Medica Okayama 1536-0210 2025 Applicability of Effective Atomic Number (Z eff) Image Analysis of Coronary Plaques Measured With Photon- Counting Computed Tomography EN Takashi Asahara Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Mana Mitani Medical Support Department, Division of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Natsumi Kimoto Department of Radiological Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Junshin Gakuen University Rina Nishigami Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University Kazuki Takegami Department of Radiological Technology, Yamaguchi University Hospital Yusuke Morimitsu Medical Support Department, Division of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Noriaki Akagi Medical Support Department, Division of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Toru Miyoshi Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yuki Kanazawa Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University Toshihiro Iguchi Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Hiroaki Hayashi College of Transdisciplinary Sciences for Innovation, Kanazawa University Objective: Coronary computed tomography (CT) allows the assessment of cardiovascular risk by imaging calcified plaques in coronary arteries. Because photon-counting CT (PC-CT) can analyze the effective atomic number (Zeff) of the subject, it is expected to be applied to the analysis of plaque components. The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of plaque analysis based on Zeff images with continuous gradation.<br> Methods: Zeff images were generated from virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) obtained by PC-CT. Zeff values were derived from the difference between linear attenuation coefficients (ƒÊ) at low and high energies using an in-house program. Coronary CT images of 64 plaques in 10 patients were analyzed. The Zeff score, calculated as the sum of Zeff values within the plaque region, was calculated and compared with the conventional Agatston score and mean coronary artery calcium (CAC) score.<br> Results: The systematic uncertainty of Zeff images was estimated to be �}0.08. The Zeff score of actual patient data showed strong positive correlations with the conventional Agatston and mean CAC scores. The Zeff score uses all voxel data in the plaque area, whereas conventional scores consider only data from voxels with a CT value >130. We found that the conventional scores excluded 39% of the plaque area, and the Zeff score permitted the analysis of low- and high-density plaques.<br> Conclusions: Zeff imaging was shown to be applicable to plaque analysis that reflects the entire plaque volume. This study demonstrated its technical feasibility as a compositional analysis method using the Zeff image. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI AG Acta Medica Okayama 2077-0383 14 17 2025 Photon-Counting CT Enhances Diagnostic Accuracy in Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Comparative Study with Conventional CT 6049 EN Mitsutaka Nakashima Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toru Miyoshi Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shohei Hara Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ryosuke Miyagi Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takahiro Nishihara Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takashi Miki Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuhiro Osawa Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School General Medicine Centre Shinsuke Yuasa Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background/Objectives: Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) is a cornerstone in evaluating stable coronary artery disease (CAD), but conventional energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT) has limitations, including calcium blooming and limited spatial resolution. Photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) may overcome these drawbacks through enhanced spatial resolution and improved tissue characterization. Methods: In this retrospective, propensity score–matched study, we compared CCTA findings from 820 patients (410 per group) who underwent either EID-CT or PCD-CT for suspected stable CAD. Primary outcomes included stenosis severity, high-risk plaque features, and downstream invasive coronary angiography (ICA) referral and yield. Results: The matched cohorts were balanced in demographics and cardiovascular risk factors (mean age 67 years, 63% male). PCD-CT showed a favorable shift in stenosis severity distribution (p = 0.03). High-risk plaques were detected less frequently with PCD-CT (22.7% vs. 30.5%, p = 0.01). Median coronary calcium scores did not differ (p = 0.60). Among patients referred for ICA, those initially evaluated with PCD-CT were more likely to undergo revascularization (62.5% vs. 44.1%), and fewer underwent potentially unnecessary ICA without revascularization (3.7% vs. 8.0%, p = 0.001). The specificity in diagnosing significant stenosis requiring revascularization was 0.74 with EID-CT and 0.81 with PCD-CT (p = 0.04). Conclusions: PCD-CT improved diagnostic specificity for CAD, reducing unnecessary ICA referrals while maintaining detection of clinically significant disease. This advanced CT technology holds promise for more accurate, efficient, and patient-centered CAD evaluation. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI AG Acta Medica Okayama 2673-6497 5 3 2024 Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Ilmenite-Type Silicate with Pyrope Composition 394 403 EN Takayuki Ishii Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Ryosuke Sinmyo Department of Physics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University Tomoo Katsura Bavarian Research Institute of Experimental Geochemistry and Geophysics, University of Bayreuth Akimotoite, ilmenite-type MgSiO3 high-pressure polymorph can be stable in the lower-mantle transition zone along average mantle and subducting slab geotherms. Significant amounts of Al2O3 can be incorporated into the structure, having the pyrope (Mg3Al2Si3O12) composition. Previous studies have investigated the effect of Al2O3 on its crystal structure at nearly endmember compositions. In this study, we synthesized high-quality ilmenite-type Mg3Al2Si3O12 phase at 27 GPa and 1073 K by means of a Kawai-type multi-anvil press and refined the crystal structure at ambient conditions using a synchrotron X-ray diffraction data via the Rietveld method to examine the effect of Al2O3. The unit-cell lattice parameters were determined to be a = 4.7553(7) Å, c = 13.310(2) Å, and V = 260.66(6) Å3, with Z = 6 (hexagonal, R3̲ ). The volume of the present phase was placed on the akimotoite-corundum endmember join. However, the refined structure showed a strong nonlinear behavior of the a- and c-axes, which can be explained by Al incorporation into the MgO6 and SiO6 octahedral sites, which are distinctly different each other. Ilmenite-type Mg3Al2Si3O12 phase may be found in shocked meteorites and can be a good indicator for shock conditions at relatively low temperatures of 1027–1127 K. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1609-0985 2025 An Alternative Approach Based on Skin Electrical Impedance to Determine Transepidermal Water Loss for Skin Barrier Function Assessments EN Osamu Uehara Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Takao Nakamura Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Purpose: The transepidermal water loss (TEWL) has long been measured as an indicator to assess the skin barrier function in dermatological research and clinical practice. However, practical limitations such as time requirement, environmental sensitivity, and measurement complexity hinder the widespread uptake of conventional TEWL measurements in clinical settings and routine monitoring. Consequently, there is a growing need for rapid, robust, and clinically applicable alternatives to conventional TEWL measurements. Here, we present a simple, non-invasive, and time-efficient method based on the skin electrical impedance for skin barrier function assessments.<br> Methods: The skin electrical impedance, TEWL, stratum corneum (SC) thickness, and SC surface water content of 25 healthy adult participants with no history of dermatological diseases were measured at two adjacent forearm sites: intact site with a normal skin barrier and tape-stripped site with an impaired skin barrier. The measured impedance was used to calculate the SC thickness and surface water content, from which the TEWL was estimated and then compared against the TEWL measured using a Tewameter. The estimation accuracy was evaluated by determining the correlation coefficient (R) and root mean square error (RMSE) between estimated and measured TEWL.<br> Results: A strong correlation (R = 0.891) was observed between estimated and measured TEWL, with an RMSE of 6.05 g/m²/h, indicating high accuracy of the proposed method.<br> Conclusion: This impedance-based method provides accurate estimations of the TEWL, indicating its potential as a practical alternative to conventional TEWL measurements for skin barrier function assessments, particularly in clinical or high-throughput settings. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japanese Society for Lymphoreticular Tissue Research Acta Medica Okayama 1346-4280 64 4 2024 Computed tomography findings of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease subtypes 292 296 EN Toshihiro Iguchi Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Asami Nishikori Department of Molecular Hematopathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences Yasuharu Sato Department of Molecular Hematopathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences Midori Filiz Nishimura Department of Molecular Hematopathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences Noriko Iwaki Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital Katsuhide Kojima Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Takashi Asahara Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Fumio Otsuka Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yoshinobu Maeda Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takao Hiraki Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University This study retrospectively evaluated the computed tomography (CT) findings of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) at a single center and compared the CT findings of iMCD-TAFRO with those of iMCD-non-TAFRO. CT images obtained within 30 days before diagnostic confirmation were reviewed for 20 patients with iMCD (8 men and 12 women, mean age 52.8 �} 12.3 years, range 25–74 years). Twelve patients were diagnosed with iMCD-TAFRO, five with iMCD-idiopathic plasmacytic lymphadenopathy, and three with iMCD-not otherwise specified. CT images revealed anasarca and lymphadenopathy in all 20 patients. The iMCD-TAFRO group showed significantly higher frequencies of ascites (100% vs. 37.5%, P = 0.004), gallbladder wall edema (75.0% vs. 12.5%, P = 0.020), periportal collar (91.7% vs. 25.0%, P = 0.004), and anterior mediastinal lesions (non-mass-forming infiltrative lesions) (66.7% vs. 12.5%, P = 0.028). Para-aortic edema tended to be more frequent in patients with the iMCD-TAFRO group (83.3% vs. 37.5%, P = 0.062), while the absence of anterior mediastinal lesions tended to be more frequent in the iMCD-non-TAFRO group (16.7% vs. 62.5%, P = 0.062). These CT findings may have clinical implications for improving the accuracy and speed of iMCD diagnosis and differentiating iMCD-TAFRO from other subtypes. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Izmir Akademi Dernegi Acta Medica Okayama 2792-0232 5 2 2025 Metaverse Support Groups for LGBTQ+ Youth: An Observational Study on Safety, Self-Expression, and Early Intervention 156 167 EN Joe Hasei Okayama University Yosuke Matsumoto Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroki Kawai Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuko Okahisa Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Manabu Takaki Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshifumi Ozaki Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceu-tical Sciences, Okayama University This study explored whether metaverse-based support groups could address social isolation and suicide risks among LGBTQ+ youths by providing enhanced anonymity, avatar-based self-expression, and improved accessibility. Over one year, 53 individuals aged 14–23 participated in regular online sessions facilitated via the "cluster" metaverse platform by a non-profit LGBTQ+ organization. Each 90-minute session included voice and text-based interactions within a specially designed single-floor virtual space featuring conversation areas and a designated "safe area" for emotional regulation. Post-session questionnaires (5-point Likert scales) captured demographics, avatar preferences, self-confidence, and perceived safety, self-expression, and accessibility; responses were analyzed with Pearson's chi-squared test and Mann–Whitney U tests (ƒ¿=0.05). Results indicated that 79.2% of participants selected avatars aligned with their gender identity, reporting high satisfaction (mean = 4.10/5) and minimal discomfort (mean = 1.79/5). Social confidence was significantly higher in the metaverse compared with real-world settings (p<0.001), particularly among those with lower real-world confidence, who exhibited an average gain of 2.08 points. Approximately half of all first-time participants were aged 16 years or younger, which suggested the platform�fs value for early intervention. Additionally, the metaverse environment was rated significantly higher in safety/privacy (3.94/5), self-expression (4.02/5), and accessibility (4.21/5) compared with the real-world baseline, and 73.6% reported they felt more accepted virtually. However, some participants who had high confidence offline experienced mild adaptation challenges (mean decrease of 0.58 points), which highlighted that metaverse-based support may be more effective as a complement to in-person services rather than a replacement. Overall, these findings demonstrate that metaverse-based support groups can reduce psychological barriers for LGBTQ+ youth by facilitating safe and affirming virtual environments. The metaverse may help alleviate emotional distress and prevent further severe outcomes, such as suicidal ideation by providing early intervention, especially for adolescents unable to access conventional in-person services. Further research should examine its integration with existing clinical, community, and educational resources to ensure comprehensive, long-term support. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

SAGE Publications Acta Medica Okayama 1076-0296 31 2025 Activated Clotting Time Requires Adaptation Across Altered Measurement Devices: Determination of Appropriate Range During Atrial Fibrillation Ablation EN Haruna Sakanoue Department of Nursing, Okayama Heart Clinic Hirosuke Yamaji Heart Rhythm Center, Okayama Heart Clinic Sayaka Okamoto Department of Nursing, Okayama Heart Clinic Kumi Okano Department of Nursing, Okayama Heart Clinic Yuka Fujita Department of Nursing, Okayama Heart Clinic Shunichi Higashiya Heart Rhythm Center, Okayama Heart Clinic Takashi Murakami Heart Rhythm Center, Okayama Heart Clinic Satoshi Hirohata Department of Medical Technology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences Shozo Kusachi Department of Medical Technology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences Background: Methods for measuring activated clotting time (ACT) are not yet standardized.<br> Objectives: To adjust and compare values between two measurement systems and to optimize ACT during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation.<br> Methods: Two systems were compared: electromagnetic detection using a rotating tube (EM system; Hemochron Response) and photo-optical detection using a cartridge immersed in blood (PO system; ACT CA-300TM).<br> Results: ACT was measured simultaneously in 124 instances in 53 patients before and during AF ablations using both methods. A linear regression analysis showed ACT (EM system) = 1.19 �~ ACT (PO system) + 9.03 (p < .001, r = 0.90). Bland–Altman plots indicated an average difference of 50 s between the two systems. In 3364 ACT measurements from 1161 ablations, the EM system recorded a mean ACT of 320 �} 44 s (range 156-487 s). Estimating the target range as mean �} 1 SD range, the EM system's range was 275-365 s, in 5-s increments. The pre-ablation ACT measured on the EM system was 143 �} 28 s (115-170 s). Cardiac tamponade occurred in 4 out of 2085 ablations (0.19%) over 5 years, with ACT values ranging from 330 to 391 s on the EM system. Based on these findings, the estimated optimal ACT range for the PO system was adjusted to 225-300 s to align with the EM system's range of 275-365 s.<br> Conclusions: ACT target ranges should be system-specific, and direct extrapolation between devices is not recommended. Adjustment is clinically necessary when switching systems. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1867-1071 43 2 2024 Evaluation of a novel central venous access port for direct catheter insertion without a peel-away sheath 282 289 EN Toshihiro Iguchi Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Takahiro Kawabata Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Yusuke Matsui Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Koji Tomita Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Mayu Uka Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Noriyuki Umakoshi Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Soichiro Okamoto Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Kazuaki Munetomo Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Takao Hiraki Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Purpose This study retrospectively evaluated the feasibility and safety of implanting a newly developed central venous access port (CV-port) that allows catheter insertion into a vein without the use of a peel-away sheath, with a focus on its potential to minimize risks associated with conventional implantation methods.<br> Materials and methods All procedures were performed using a new device (P-U CelSite Port™ MS; Toray Medical, Tokyo, Japan) under ultrasound guidance. The primary endpoint was the implantation success rate. The secondary endpoints were the safety and risk factors for infection in the early postprocedural period (< 30 days).<br> Results We assessed 523 CV-port implantations performed in a cumulative total of 523 patients (240 men and 283 women; mean age, 61.6 �} 13.1 years; range, 18–85 years). All implantations were successfully performed using an inner guide tube and over-the-wire technique through 522 internal jugular veins and one subclavian vein. The mean procedural time was 33.2 �} 10.9 min (range 15–112 min). Air embolism, rupture/perforation of the superior vena cava, or hemothorax did not occur during catheter insertion. Eleven (2.1%) intraprocedural complications occurred, including Grade I arrhythmia (n = 8) and subcutaneous bleeding (n = 1), Grade II arrhythmia (n = 1), and Grade IIIa pneumothorax (n = 1). Furthermore, 496 patients were followed up for ≥ 30 days. Six early postprocedural complications were encountered (1.1%), including Grade IIIa infection (n = 4), catheter occlusion (n = 1), and skin necrosis due to subcutaneous leakage of trabectedin (n = 1). These six CV-ports were withdrawn, and no significant risk factors for infection in the early postprocedural period were identified.<br> Conclusion The implantation of this CV-port device demonstrated comparable success and complication rates to conventional devices, with the added potential benefit of eliminating complications associated with the use of a peel-away sheath. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 0304-3894 487 2025 Co-precipitating calcium phosphate as oral detoxification of cadmium 137307 EN Ahmad Bikharudin Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Masahiro Okada Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Ping-chin Sung Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Takuya Matsumoto Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Bone-eating (also known as osteophagia), found in wild animals, is primarily recognized as a means to supplement phosphorus and calcium intake. Herein, we describe a novel function of bone-eating in detoxifying heavy metal ions through the dissolution and co-precipitation of bone minerals as they travel through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In this study, cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal ion, served as a toxic model. We demonstrated that hydroxyapatite (HAp), the major calcium phosphate (CaP) in bone, dissolves in the stomach and acts as a co-precipitant in the intestine for Cd detoxification. We compared HAp to a common antidote, activated charcoal (AC), which did not precipitate within the GI tract. In vitro experiments showed that HAp dissolves under acidic conditions and, upon return to a neutral environment, efficiently re-sequesters Cd. Similarly, oral administration of HAp effectively prevented Cd absorption and accumulation, resulting in enhanced Cd excretion in the feces when compared to AC. A co-precipitating CaP in the GI tract could serve as an excellent detoxification system, as it helps prevent the accumulation of toxic substances and aids in developing appropriate strategies to reduce tissue toxicity. Moreover, understanding this detoxification system would be a valuable indicator for designing efficient detoxification materials. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

BMJ Acta Medica Okayama 2053-3624 12 1 2025 Clinical impact of combined assessment of myocardial inflammation and fibrosis using myocardial biopsy in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a multicentre, retrospective cohort study e003250 EN Takafumi Nakayama Department of Cardiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Keiko Ohta Ogo Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Yasuo Sugano Department of Cardiology, Keiyu Hospital Tetsuro Yokokawa Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University Hiromitsu Kanamori Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Yoshihiko Ikeda Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Michiaki Hiroe Department of Cardiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kinta Hatakeyama Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Hatsue Ishibashi-Ueda Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Kazufumi Nakamura Center for Advanced Heart Failure, Okayama University Hospital Kaoru Dohi Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Toshihisa Anzai Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Yoshihiro Seo Department of Cardiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Background Among patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), myocardial inflammation and fibrosis are risk factors for poor clinical outcomes. Here, we investigated the combined prognostic value of these two factors, as evaluated using myocardial biopsy samples.<br> Methods This retrospective and multicentre study included patients with DCM�\defined as LVEF of ≤45% and left diastolic diameter of >112% of predicted value, without evidence of secondary or ischaemic cardiomyopathy. In myocardial biopsy samples, inflammatory cells were counted using immunohistochemistry, and Masson�fs Trichrome staining was performed to quantify the myocardial fibrosis as collagen area fraction (CAF). Higher myocardial inflammation was defined as leucocytes of ≥14/mm², including ≤4 monocytes/mm², with CD3+ T lymphocytes of≥7/mm². Greater myocardial fibrosis was defined as CAF of>5.9% by the Youden�fs index. The primary endpoint was cardiac death or left ventricular assist device implantation.<br> Results A total of 255 DCM patients were enrolled (average age, 53.1 years; 78% males). Within this cohort, the mean LVEF was 28.0%, mean CAF was 10.7% and median CD3+ cell count was 8.3/mm2. During the median follow-up period of 2688 days, 46 patients met the primary endpoint. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses revealed that CD3+ cell count and CAF were independent determinants of the primary endpoint. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with both higher myocardial inflammation and greater fibrosis had the worst prognosis (log-rank p<0.001). When myocardial inflammation was graded as one of three degrees: T lymphocytes of <13/mm² (low); 13 of 13.1–23.9/mm² (moderate); and T lymphocytes of ≥24 /mm² (high), patients with moderate inflammation exhibited a superior survival rate when CAF was ≤5.9%, but a worse survival rate when CAF was >5.9%.<br> Conclusions Having both biopsy-proven higher myocardial inflammation and greater fibrosis predicted the worst clinical prognosis in patients with DCM. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 0002-8177 156 2 2025 The greater palatine nerve and artery both supply the maxillary teeth 151 159.e1 EN Joe Iwanaga Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurume University Yohei Takeshita Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Muralidharan Anbalagan Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University Binghao Zou Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University Taku Toriumi Department of Anatomy, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University Yuki Kunisada Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Soichiro Ibaragi Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University R. Shane Tubbs University of Queensland Background. It is generally accepted that the greater palatine nerve and artery supply the palatal mucosa, gingiva, and glands, but not the bone or tooth adjacent to those tissues. When the bony palate is observed closely, multiple small foramina are seen on the palatal surface of the alveolar process. The authors hypothesized that the greater palatine nerve and artery might supply the maxillary teeth via the foramina on the palatal surface of the alveolar process and the superior alveolar nerve and artery. The authors aimed to investigate the palatal innervation and blood supply of the maxillary teeth.<br> Methods. Eight cadaveric maxillae containing most teeth or alveolar sockets were selected. The mean age at the time of death was 82.4 years. The samples were examined with colored water injection, latex injection, microcomputed tomography with contrast dye, gross anatomic dissection, and histologic observation.<br> Results. Through both injection studies and microcomputed tomographic analysis, the authors found that the small foramina on and around the greater palatine groove connected to the alveolar process and tooth sockets. The small foramina in the greater palatine and incisive canal also continued inside the alveolar process and the tooth sockets.<br> Conclusions. The alveolar branches of the greater palatine nerve and artery as well as the nasopalatine nerve and sphenopalatine artery supply maxillary teeth, alveolar bone, and periodontal tissue via the palatal alveolar foramina with superior alveolar nerves and arteries.<br> Practical Implications. This knowledge is essential for dentists when administering local anesthetic to the maxillary teeth and performing an osteotomy. Anatomic and dental textbooks should be updated with this new knowledge for better patient care. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI AG Acta Medica Okayama 2227-9059 13 2 2025 The Asia-Pacific Body Mass Index Classification and New-Onset Chronic Kidney Disease in Non-Diabetic Japanese Adults: A Community-Based Longitudinal Study from 1998 to 2023 373 EN Yukari Okawa Department of Public Health and Welfare, Zentsuji City Hall Toshiharu Mitsuhashi Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Toshihide Tsuda Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Background/Objectives: Obesity is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Asians. The Asia-Pacific body mass index (BMI) classification sets lower obesity cutoffs than the conventional BMI classification for all races, generally reflecting the lower BMIs in Asians. This longitudinal study evaluated the association between BMI, as classified by the Asia-Pacific BMI system, and CKD development in non-diabetic Asian adults. Methods: A population-based longitudinal study (1998–2023) was conducted in non-diabetic Japanese adults (hemoglobin A1c < 6.5%) in Zentsuji City (Kagawa Prefecture, Japan). The generalized gamma model was used to assess the relationship between time-varying BMI categories and CKD development, stratified by sex. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m2) and categorized per the Asia-Pacific classification as overweight (23.0–24.9 kg/m2), obesity class I (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and obesity class II (≥30.0 kg/m2). Results: CKD developed in 34.2% of 3098 men and 34.8% of 4391 women. The mean follow-up times were 7.41 years for men and 8.25 years for women. During follow-up, the BMI distributions for men were 5.0% underweight, 43.3% normal weight, 25.6% overweight, 24.1% obesity class I, and 2.0% obesity class II; those for women were 7.7%, 50.5%, 20.5%, 18.3%, and 2.9%, respectively. Compared with normal weight, obesity class I was associated with a 6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2–10%) shorter time to CKD onset in men and 5% (95% CI: 2–7%) in women. In both sexes, obesity class II showed shorter survival times than normal weight by point estimates, although all 95% CIs crossed the null value. Conclusions: Obesity, as classified by the Asia-Pacific BMI system, shortened the time to CKD onset in non-diabetic Asians. The conventional BMI cutoff for obesity (≥30.0 kg/m2) may be too high to identify CKD risk in this population. The findings of this study may be useful for public health professionals in designing interventions to prevent CKD. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Oxford University Press (OUP) Acta Medica Okayama 0002-0729 54 8 2025 Oestrogen replacement combined with resistance exercise in older women with knee osteoarthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial afaf224 EN Tomohiro Mitoma Medical Development Field, Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hikaru Ooba Medical Development Field, Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Kasumi Takahashi Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochiai Hospital Tsunemasa Kondo Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochiai Hospital Tomohiro Ikeda Rehabilitation Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Yoko Sakamoto Medical Development Field, Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Toshiharu Mitsuhashi Medical Development Field, Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Jota Maki Medical Development Field, Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Background: Interventions targeting physical function decline in older women with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are vital for healthy ageing. The additive benefits of combining oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT) with resistance exercise remain unclear.<br> Objective: To evaluate the additive effect of low-dose ERT on physical performance when combined with a muscle resistance exercise programme (MREP) in older women with KOA.<br> Design: This is a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised clinical trial.<br> Subjects: The subjects were community-dwelling women aged ≥65 years with chronic knee pain and KOA diagnosis.<br> Methods: Participants completed a 3-month MREP and were randomised to receive daily low-dose transdermal ERT (oestradiol 0.54 mg/day) or placebo. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, postintervention and 12 months later. The primary outcome was change in 30-second chair stand test (CS-30) score. Secondary outcomes included muscle mass, knee extension strength, walking performance, metabolic indicators, knee pain scale and 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12). Between-group differences in CS-30 changes were analysed using a linear regression model based on the intention-to-treat principle.<br> Results: Among 168 individuals screened, 75 participants (mean age 73.8 years, SD 5.8) were enrolled and randomised into an ERT group (n = 37) or a placebo group (n = 38). Baseline CS-30 scores were 14.81 (SD 3.95) in the ERT group and 15.58 (SD 3.48) in the placebo group. At 3 months, mean changes were 2.59 (SD 2.58) and 1.79 (SD 2.28) repetitions, respectively. The primary analysis showed no statistically significant between-group difference [regression coefficient: 0.81 (95% CI: �|0.31, 1.92); P = .16]. Post hoc subgroup and sensitivity analyses suggested that benefits may exist among early-stage KOA participants. SF-12 mental health scores also improved significantly in the ERT group. No serious adverse events occurred.<br> Conclusions: ERT did not confer significant additive benefits to resistance exercise overall but may improve outcomes in early-stage KOA and mental health domains. These exploratory findings warrant further investigation. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1758-9193 16 1 2024 Impact of amyloid and tau positivity on longitudinal brain atrophy in cognitively normal individuals 77 EN Motonobu Fujishima Department of Radiology, Kumagaya General Hospital Yohei Kawasaki Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Saitama Medical University Toshiharu Mitsuhashi Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Hiroshi Matsuda Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Fukushima Medical University Background Individuals on the preclinical Alzheimer's continuum, particularly those with both amyloid and tau positivity (A + T +), display a rapid cognitive decline and elevated disease progression risk. However, limited studies exist on brain atrophy trajectories within this continuum over extended periods.<br> Methods This study involved 367 ADNI participants grouped based on combinations of amyloid and tau statuses determined through cerebrospinal fluid tests. Using longitudinal MRI scans, brain atrophy was determined according to the whole brain, lateral ventricle, and hippocampal volumes and cortical thickness in AD-signature regions. Cognitive performance was evaluated with the Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC). A generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to examine group �~ time interactions for these measures. In addition, progression risks to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia were compared among the groups using Cox proportional hazards models.<br> Results A total of 367 participants (48 A + T + , 86 A + T �| , 63 A �| T + , and 170 A �| T �| ; mean age 73.8 years, mean follow-up 5.1 years, and 47.4% men) were included. For the lateral ventricle and PACC score, the A + T �| and A + T + groups demonstrated statistically significantly greater volume expansion and cognitive decline over time than the A �| T �| group (lateral ventricle: ƒÀ = 0.757 cm3/year [95% confidence interval 0.463 to 1.050], P < .001 for A + T �| , and ƒÀ = 0.889 cm3/year [0.523 to 1.255], P < .001 for A + T + ; PACC: ƒÀ =  �| 0.19 /year [�| 0.36 to �| 0.02], P = .029 for A + T �| , and ƒÀ =  �| 0.59 /year [�| 0.80 to �| 0.37], P < .001 for A + T +). Notably, the A + T + group exhibited additional brain atrophy including the whole brain (ƒÀ =  �| 2.782 cm3/year [�| 4.060 to �| 1.504], P < .001), hippocampus (ƒÀ =  �| 0.057 cm3/year [�| 0.085 to �| 0.029], P < .001), and AD-signature regions (ƒÀ =  �| 0.02 mm/year [�| 0.03 to �| 0.01], P < .001). Cox proportional hazards models suggested an increased risk of progressing to MCI or dementia in the A + T + group versus the A �| T �| group (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.35 [1.76 to 6.39]).<br> Conclusions In cognitively normal individuals, A + T + compounds brain atrophy and cognitive deterioration, amplifying the likelihood of disease progression. Therapeutic interventions targeting A + T + individuals could be pivotal in curbing brain atrophy, cognitive decline, and disease progression. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1472-6831 25 1 2025 A cross-sectional interventional study on the effects of periodontal treatment on periodontal inflamed surface area and masticatory efficiency values according to the 2018 periodontal status classification 1094 EN Shinji Matsuda Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Hiromichi Yumoto Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School Yasutaka Komatsu Periodontal Clinic, Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata University Nanae Dewake Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontology and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University Takanori Iwata Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Takatoshi Nagano Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine Toshiya Morozumi Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University Ryoma Goto Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University Satsuki Kato School of Dentistry, Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Motozo Yamashita Department of Periodontology and Regenerative Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry Joichiro Hayashi Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biology and Tissue Engineering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Meikai University School of Dentistry Satoshi Sekino School of Life Dentistry Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University Akiko Yamashita Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University Keiko Yamashita Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College Atsutoshi Yoshimura Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tsutomu Sugaya Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University Shogo Takashiba Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yoichiro Taguchi Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University Eiji Nemoto Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Tomoaki Shintani Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital Tsuyoshi Miyagawa Clinical Research Center in Hiroshima, Hiroshima University Hospital Hiromi Nishi Department of General Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Noriyoshi Mizuno Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Yukihiro Numabe Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College Hiroyuki Kawaguchi Department of General Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Background Periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) and masticatory efficiency have been used to evaluate the relationship between systemic diseases and oral diseases. However, clear standards for PISA values and masticatory efficiency in relation to the severity of periodontitis are lacking. This study aims to evaluate PISA values and masticatory efficiency based on the 2018 periodontal status classification system.<br> Methods In total, 153 healthy participants diagnosed with periodontitis were included in the study. The diagnosis was based on the 2018 periodontal status classification. PISA values and masticatory efficiency were measured at baseline and after initial periodontal therapy.<br> Results PISA demonstrated a higher area under the curve for Stage III (0.815) and Grade B (0.85). At baseline, PISA was showed significant negative correlation with masticatory efficiency (B coefficient [95% CI]: -0.02 [-0.03, -0.006], p < 0.01). Following periodontal therapy, both PISA values and masticatory efficiency showed significant improvements, with median PISA values changing from 856 at baseline to 277.5 after treatment, and mean masticatory efficiency increasing from 153.3 to 166.9. After initial periodontal therapy, PISA values were significantly higher in patients classified as Stage IV and Grade C compared to those with other stages and grades. Age exhibited a significant negative correlation with changes in PISA (B coefficient [95%CI]: -11.8 [-20.3, -3.19]), and change in PISA value was significantly positively related to the increase in masticatory efficiency (B coefficient [95%CI], 0.02 [(0.0002, 0.03]). In patients with periodontitis, changes in periodontitis classification were associated with increased PISA values and decreased masticatory efficiency.<br> Conclusion Periodontal therapy improved PISA and masticatory efficiency values. However, the extent of improvement was less pronounced in patients with higher stages and grades of periodontitis. It is essential to consider the interplay between increased PISA and decreased masticatory efficiency when treating patients with severe periodontitis. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases Acta Medica Okayama 1598-9100 2025 Health-related quality of life, work productivity, and persisting challenges in treated ulcerative colitis patients: a Japanese National Health and Wellness Survey EN Sakiko Hiraoka Department of Gastroenterology, Okayama University Zhezhou Huang Cerner Enviza Fei Qin Cerner Enviza Fatima Megala Nathan Arokianathan Oracle Life Sciences Kiran Davé Bristol Myers Squibb Shweta Shah Bristol Myers Squibb Hyunchung Kim Bristol Myers Squibb Background/Aims Despite available treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC), unmet needs persist among patients in Japan. This study explored the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), work productivity and activity impairment (WPAI), indirect cost, and unmet needs among treated UC patients in Japan.<br> Methods This cross-sectional, observational study utilized data from the online 2017, 2019, and 2021 Japan National Health and Wellness Survey. Respondents were aged ≥ 18 years and had undergone or were on UC treatment (5-aminosalicylic acid, steroids, immunomodulators/immunosuppressants, biologics/Janus kinase inhibitors [JAKi]). Demographic, general health, and clinical characteristics, medication adherence, HRQoL, WPAI, and indirect cost were collected and analyzed.<br> Results Among 293 treated UC patients, 83.6% were non-biologic/JAKi users, 29.0% had UC ≥ 15 years, 34.8% had moderate-to-severe disease severity, 55.3% experienced ≥ 1 persisting UC symptom, and 91.5% reported UC as bothersome to an extent. Patients reported EuroQoL visual analog scale score of 68.1 and ≥ 35% reported anxiety and depression. Mean work productivity loss was 29.3%, resulting in an annual mean indirect loss of 1.1 million JPY (45.3 thousand USD) per person. Higher WPAI (impairment) was associated with being male, moderate-to-severe disease severity, and low treatment adherence (P<0.05). Biologics/JAKi users had higher work impairment, and IM/IS users had higher activity impairment than 5-aminosalicylic acid users (P<0.05).<br> Conclusions Despite treatment, Japanese UC patients experienced high disease burden and persistent disease-related challenges. Overall HRQoL were lower than the mean healthy population and work productivity impairment led to high indirect costs. The findings suggest the importance of new interventions for optimizing UC outcomes. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 2197-1153 12 2 2025 Progression of patellofemoral joint cartilage degeneration within 1 year after medial meniscus posterior root repair: A retrospective study e70139 EN Masanori Tamura Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takayuki Furumatsu Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital Yusuke Yokoyama Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Okazaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Koki Kawada Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tsubasa Hasegawa Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Purpose: To assess postoperative progression of patellofemoral (PF) cartilage degeneration after medial meniscus posterior root (MMPR) repair and identify potential risk factors.<br> Methods: Data from patients who underwent transtibial pullout repair for complete radial MMPR tears between April 2018 and October 2021 were retrospectively investigated. Patients with severe chondral lesions of the PF joint at primary surgery were excluded. All patients underwent second-look arthroscopy at 12 months postoperatively. Postoperative changes using the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grade were evaluated. Associated open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were assessed.<br> Results: In total, 40 patients (30 women, 10 men; mean age: 64.0 years) were evaluated. PF joint cartilage degeneration progressed significantly postoperatively. Abnormal signal intensity (ASI) of the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) was observed in 15 (37.5%) patients. Arthroscopic findings in groups between IPFP with and without ASI were compared. The incidence of postoperative ICRS grade worsening (≥2 grades) on the patella or trochlea was significantly higher among patients with ASI (53%) than among those without (20%, p = 0.04). ICRS grade worsening in the medial femorotibial compartment and meniscus-healing status were comparable between the groups. Patients with ASI of the IPFP showed greater decrease in the distance between the patellar and anterior cruciate ligament insertions on knee flexion MRI (�|1.5 �} 0.7 mm) than that in those without (�|0.2 �} 0.3 mm, p < 0.01). A delayed rehabilitation protocol was a risk factor according to the logistic regression analysis (p = 0.01).<br> Conclusions: Progressive PF cartilage degeneration occurred following MMPR repair, highlighting the need for diligent postoperative PF joint management.<br> Level of Evidence: Level IV case series. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 79 4 2025 A Study of Periprosthetic Femoral Stem Fractures in Hip Arthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture 253 259 EN Yoshiaki Miyake Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital Toru Takagi Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital Taizo Konishiike Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital Original Article /10.18926/AMO/69150 This study investigated the risk factors for bone fragility and perioperative periprosthetic femoral stem fractures in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures. The records of 215 patients (42 male, 173 female; mean age, 84.4 years) were analyzed to assess correlations among periprosthetic fracture rates and sex, age, body mass index (BMI), Dorr classification, femoral stem fixation type (cemented/cementless), and bone mineral density (BMD) of the contralateral proximal femur. The overall prevalence of perioperative periprosthetic fractures was 4.7%. All patients with periprosthetic fractures were female, and all but one were ≥ 80 years of age. Fracture rates were higher in patients with lower BMI, although this difference was not significant. The fracture rates were 0%, 4.7%, and 7.9% for Dorr types A, B, and C, respectively, and 0% and 5.3% for patients who received cemented and cementless stems, respectively. The findings indicated that female patients, those of advanced age, those with lower BMI, and those with Dorr type C had lower BMDs. Although BMD was significantly lower in patients who received cemented stems compared to those who received cementless stems, no fractures were observed in the former group, suggesting that the use of cemented stems is safe for this high-risk population. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 0387-7604 47 1 2025 Hypotheses of pathophysiological mechanisms in epileptic encephalopathies: A review 104318 EN Katsuhiro Kobayashi Department of Pediatrics, Asahigawaso Rehabilitation and Medical Center Takashi Shibata Department of Pediatric Neurology, Okayama University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Hiroki Tsuchiya Department of Pediatric Neurology, Okayama University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Mari Akiyama Department of Pediatric Neurology, Okayama University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Tomoyuki Akiyama Department of Pediatric Neurology, Okayama University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Introduction: Epileptic encephalopathy (EE) is a serious clinical issue that manifests as part of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE), particularly in childhood epilepsy. In EE, neurocognitive functions and behavior are impaired by intense epileptiform electroencephalogram (EEG) activity. Hypotheses of pathophysiological mechanisms behind EE are reviewed to contribute to an effective solution for EE.<br> Review: Current hypotheses are as follows: 1) neuronal dysfunction based on genetic abnormalities that may affect neurocognitive functions and epilepsy separately; 2) impairment of synaptic homeostasis during sleep that may be responsible for DEE/EE with spike-and-wave activation in sleep; 3) abnormal subcortical regulation of the cerebral cortex; 4) abnormal cortical metabolism and hemodynamics with impairment of the neural network including default mode network; 5) neurotransmitter imbalance and disordered neural excitability; 6) the effects of neuroinflammation that may be caused by epileptic seizures and in turn aggravate epileptogenesis; 7) the interaction between physiological and pathological high-frequency EEG activity; etc. The causal relationship between epileptiform EEG activity and neurocognitive dysfunctions is small in DEE based on genetic abnormalities and it is largely unestablished in the other hypothetical mechanisms.<br> Conclusion: We have not yet found answers to the question of whether the single-central or multiple derangements are present and what seizures and intense epileptiform EEG abnormalities mean in EE. We need to continue our best efforts in both aspects to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of DEE/EE and further develop epilepsy treatment and precision medicine. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 0090-8258 192 2025 Effectiveness of exercise therapy on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with ovarian cancer: A scoping review 155 162 EN Masanori Konuma Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Tomohiro Ikeda Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Tomohiro Mitoma Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Shinsuke Shirakawa Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Jota Maki Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yoshimi Katayama Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Masanori Hamada Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Shoji Nagao Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Background & aims. Exercise therapy is a potentially beneficial treatment option for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). However, there is a lack of consensus on the management of CIPN in patients with ovarian cancer. The purpose of this scoping review was to evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and explore key physical fitness parameters.<br> Methods. A systematic electronic search was conducted using the MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, PEDro, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Two independent reviewers summarized the features and data from the literature regarding the effectiveness of exercise therapy for CIPN and the association between CIPN and physical fitness parameters.<br> Results. Ten articles involving 3402 participants were reviewed. The study design included one randomized controlled trial, one single-arm trial, one prospective cohort study, five retrospective cohort studies, and two cross-sectional studies. The mean patient age was >60 years in three studies and 50–60 years in six studies. The mean body mass index was >25.0 kg/m2 in six studies and not stated in four studies. In six references, patients received platinum and taxane-based chemotherapy. The effectiveness of an exercise therapy program for CIPN was reported in a randomized controlled trial. Two cross-sectional studies highlighted the association between daily physical inactivity and CIPN; two retrospective cohort studies showed an association between low skeletal muscle density and CIPN; one article demonstrated an association between physical dysfunction and CIPN.<br> Conclusion. This scoping review indicates that although evidence is lacking, exercise intervention programs for CIPN in patients with ovarian cancer have potential benefits, especially when focused on daily physical activity, skeletal muscle density, and physical function. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 2049-4173 12 5 2024 The Japan MSA registry: A multicenter cohort study of multiple system atrophy 271 277 EN Ayaka Chikada Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Kenta Orimo Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Jun Mitsui Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Takashi Matsukawa Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hiroyuki Ishiura Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry Tatsushi Toda Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hidehiro Mizusawa Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Yuji Takahashi Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Masahisa Katsuno Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Kazuhiro Hara Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Osamu Onodera Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Tomohiko Ishihara Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Masayoshi Tada Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Satoshi Kuwabara Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Atsuhiko Sugiyama Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Yoshitaka Yamanaka Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Ryosuke Takahashi Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Nobukatsu Sawamoto Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Yusuke Sakato Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Tomoyuki Ishimoto Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Ritsuko Hanajima Division of Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Yasuhiro Watanabe Division of Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Hiroshi Takigawa Division of Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Tadashi Adachi Division of Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Koji Abe Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry Toru Yamashita Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry Hiroshi Takashima Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University Keiko Higashi Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University Junichi Kira Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Ichiro Yabe Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Masaaki Matsushima Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Katsuhisa Ogata Department of Neurology, Higashi-Saitama National Hospital Kinya Ishikawa Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Yoichiro Nishida Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Taro Ishiguro Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Kokoro Ozaki Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tetsuya Nagata Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Shoji Tsuji Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Background: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by autonomic failure and various motor symptoms. While MSA-C (cerebellar type) predominates in East Asia, MSA-P (parkinsonian type) predominates in Europe and North America. This nationwide patient registry aimed to (1) conduct a prospective natural history study of MSA in Japan, (2) facilitate patient recruitment for clinical trials, and (3) deposit bioresources and clinical information in a biobank.<br> Methods: Thirteen institutions participated in this study. Clinical information was obtained by neurologists from the patients visiting the hospital every 12 months to assess the UMSARS Part 2 scores and by telephone interviews by nurses every 6 months to assess UMSARS Part 1 scores and to determine whether clinical events had occurred.<br> Results: Demographic data from 329 MSA patients (216 MSA-C and 113 MSA-P) were analyzed. The mean age at symptom onset was 58.2 years (standard deviation, 8.9); the mean duration of symptoms at enrollment was 3.5 years (standard deviation, 2.2). The mean 12-month changes in the UMSARS Part 1 and Part 2 scores were 7.9 (standard deviation, 5.6) and 6.4 (standard deviation, 5.9), respectively. The patient registry proved useful in recruiting participants for clinical trials, including those with gene variants. Clinical information and biospecimens were deposited in a biobank.<br> Discussion: The study highlighted the importance of telephone interviews in minimizing drop-out rates in natural history studies and demonstrated similar MSA progression rates across populations. The deposited bioresources are available to researchers upon request, aiming to contribute to future MSA researches. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 0304-3800 508 2025 Enhanced aboveground biomass density estimation in Central Vietnamese forests 111242 EN Viet Hoang Ho Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Hidenori Morita Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Felix Bachofer German Aerospace Center (DLR), Earth Observation Center Thanh Ha Ho University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University Accurate estimation of spatially explicit forest aboveground biomass density (AGBD) is essential for supporting climate change mitigation strategies. Recent studies have demonstrated the predictive effectiveness of the random forest (RF) algorithm in forest AGBD estimation utilizing multi-source remote sensing (RS) data. However, the RF-based estimates may be further enhanced by integrating RF with kriging techniques that account for spatial autocorrelation in model residuals. Therefore, we investigated the performance of random forest ordinary kriging (RFOK) and random forest co-kriging (RFCK) for estimating AGBD in Central Vietnamese forests using Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-2 (ALOS-2 PALSAR-2), Sentinel-1 (S1), and Sentinel-2 (S2) imageries. 277 predictors, including spectral bands, radar backscatter coefficients, vegetation indices, biophysical variables, and texture metrics, were derived from these RS datasets and statistically linked to field measurements from 104 geo-referenced forest inventory plots. The results showed that textures, modified chlorophyll absorption ratio index (MCARI), and radar backscatters were key contributors to AGBD variability. The fusion of ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 and S2 data yielded the highest RF performance, with coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) achieving 0.75, 39.15 t.ha-1, and 32.20 t.ha-1, respectively. Incorporating interpolated residuals by ordinary kriging and co-kriging into RF predictions enhanced estimation accuracy, with relative improvements of 5.74–7.04 % in R2, 8.73–10.91 % in RMSE, and 13.62–15.27 % in MAE, yet these gains remained limited. Although RFOK achieved marginally better accuracy (R2 = 0.80, RMSE = 34.88 t.ha-1, MAE = 27.28 t.ha-1) compared to RFCK (R2 = 0.79, RMSE = 35.73 t.ha-1, MAE = 27.81 t.ha-1), the latter reduced estimation bias more effectively, likely due to the inclusion of elevation as a covariate in the co-kriging process. These findings underscore the potential of the hybrid RF-kriging frameworks for improving spatial AGBD estimation, offering a robust approach for carbon accounting in tropical ecosystems. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1439-0108 25 5 2025 Comparison of geostatistics, machine learning algorithms, and their hybrid approaches for modeling soil organic carbon density in tropical forests 1554 1577 EN Viet Hoang Ho Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Hidenori Morita Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Thanh Ha Ho University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University Felix Bachofer German Aerospace Center (DLR), Earth Observation Center Thi Thuong Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University Purpose Understanding the spatial variability of soil organic carbon density (SOCD) in tropical forests is necessary for efficient climate change mitigation initiatives. However, accurately modeling SOCD in these landscapes is challenging due to low-density sampling efforts and the limited availability of in-situ data caused by constrained accessibility. In this study, we aimed to explore the most suitable modeling technique for SOCD estimation in the context of tropical forest ecosystems.<br> Methods To support the research, thirty predictor covariates derived from remote sensing data, topographic attributes, climatic factors, and geographic positions were utilized, along with 104 soil samples collected from the top 30 cm of soil in Central Vietnamese tropical forests. We compared the effectiveness of geostatistics (ordinary kriging, universal kriging, and kriging with external drift), machine learning (ML) algorithms (random forest and boosted regression tree), and their hybrid approaches (random forest regression kriging and boosted regression tree regression kriging) for the prediction of SOCD. Prediction accuracy was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2), the root mean squared error (RMSE), and the mean absolute error (MAE) obtained from leave-one-out cross-validation.<br> Results The study results indicated that hybrid approaches performed best in predicting forest SOCD with the greatest values of R2 and the lowest values of MAE and RMSE, and the ML algorithms were more accurate than geostatistics. Additionally, the prediction maps produced by the hybridization showed the most realistic SOCD pattern, whereas the kriged maps were prone to have smoother patterns, and ML-based maps were inclined to possess more detailed patterns. The result also revealed the superiority of the ML plus residual kriging approaches over the ML models in reducing the underestimation of large SOCD values in high-altitude mountain areas and the overestimation of low SOCD values in low-lying terrain areas.<br> Conclusion Our findings suggest that the hybrid approaches of geostatistics and ML models are most suitable for modeling SOCD in tropical forests. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 2197-1153 12 2 2025 Clinical outcomes following medial meniscus posterior root repairs: A minimum of 5�]year follow�]up study e70262 EN Yuki Okazaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuhisa Sugiu Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yusuke Kamatsuki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital Masanori Tamura Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Koki Kawada Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tsubasa Hasegawa Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takayuki Furumatsu Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Purpose: This study assessed the clinical outcomes of the FasT-Fix dependent modified Mason-Allen suture (F-MMA) and two simple stitches (TSS) on mid-term postoperative outcomes following medial meniscus (MM) posterior root repair.<br> Methods: Forty-three patients who underwent transtibial pullout repair for MM posterior root tear (PRT) between November 2016 and September 2018 were initially enrolled. Patients with a femorotibial angle ≤ 180�‹, Kellgren–Lawrence grade of 0–2, and modified Outerbridge grade I or II cartilage lesions were included. The Lysholm, Tegner activity, International Knee Documentation Committee score, pain visual analogue scale and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome scores were assessed as clinical outcomes. Conversion surgery to knee arthroplasty was considered as the endpoint. Surgeries other than second-look arthroscopy and plate or screw removal were also recorded.<br> Results: The mean follow-up period was 5.9 years. All evaluated 5-year postoperative clinical outcomes were significantly improved compared to the preoperative outcomes (p < 0.001). Both the F-MMA and TSS significantly improved all clinical scores at 5 years postoperatively in patients with MMPRT, whereas the F-MMA and TSS groups showed no significant differences in the pre- and postoperative clinical scores. None of the patients required ipsilateral knee arthroplasty during the follow-up, and the survival rate after pullout repair was 100%. However, the progression of osteoarthritis could not be completely suppressed, although there were no Kellgren–Lawrence grade 4 cases. The rate of subsequent knee-related surgical treatment was 11.6% in pullout-repaired knees, including arthroscopic debridement for arthrofibrosis with a limited range of motion, an additional all-inside suture repair and partial meniscectomy.<br> Conclusion: Both F-MMA and TSS pullout repairs yielded satisfactory clinical outcomes in patients with MMPRT with a mean follow-up of 5.9 years, and no conversion to knee arthroplasty was required. Further follow-up is warranted to assess long-term survival rates.<br> Level of Evidence: Level III. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

SAGE Publications Acta Medica Okayama 2473-0114 9 3 2024 A Characteristic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Finding to Identify Morton Neuroma: The Slug Sign EN Masahiro Horita Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kenta Saiga Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Tomohiro Fujiwara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Eiji Nakata Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Background: Morton neuroma is a common cause of forefoot pain and sensory disturbances, but it is difficult to identify on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study was to verify the usefulness of a characteristic MRI finding (slug sign) for identifying Morton neuroma and to clarify the relationship between excised neuroma characteristics and preoperative MRI findings.<br> Methods: Twenty-two web spaces were retrospectively assessed from the second and third intermetatarsal spaces of 11 feet of 10 patients (7 women and 3 men, aged average 59.5 years) who underwent surgical excision of Morton neuroma between 2017 and 2022. Asymptomatic web spaces were used as control. Neuromas with 2 branches of the plantar digital nerves on axial T1-weighted MRI (MRI-T1WI) were considered the slug sign. We investigated the preoperative presence of the slug sign in Morton neuroma and asymptomatic control web spaces. We also investigated the relationship between the maximum transverse diameter of the excised specimen and that estimated on coronal MRI-T1WI.<br> Results: A total of 15 Morton neuromas were excised and assessed. The slug signs were present in 10 intermetatarsal spaces in 15 web spaces with Morton neuroma whereas the sign was found in 1 intermetatarsal space in 7 asymptomatic web spaces. The sensitivity and specificity for the slug sign to diagnose Morton neuroma was 66.7% and 85.7%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 90.9% and 54.5%, respectively. The mean maximum transverse diameter of excised neuromas was 4.7 mm. The mean maximum transverse diameter of neuromas on coronal MRI-T1WI was 3.4 mm. A significant positive correlation was found between the maximum transverse diameters of excised specimens and diameters estimated on coronal MRI-T1WI (r = 0.799, P < .001).<br> Conclusion: The slug sign may be a useful indicator of Morton neuroma on MRI to confirm nerve involvement after bifurcation.<br> Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective series. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI AG Acta Medica Okayama 2077-0383 14 10 2025 Experience of High Tibial Osteotomy for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with Recent Medication: A Case Series 3332 EN Yasuhiro Takahara Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nippon Kokan Fukuyama Hospital Hirotaka Nakashima Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nippon Kokan Fukuyama Hospital Keiichiro Nishida Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Yoichiro Uchida Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nippon Kokan Fukuyama Hospital Hisayoshi Kato Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nippon Kokan Fukuyama Hospital Satoru Itani Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nippon Kokan Fukuyama Hospital Yuichi Iwasaki Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nippon Kokan Fukuyama Hospital Background: High tibial osteotomy (HTO) was generally not indicated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) because synovial inflammation may exacerbate joint damage postoperatively. Recently, joint destruction in RA has dramatically changed with the introduction of methotrexate (MTX) and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs). This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of HTO for patients with RA treated with recent medication. Methods: In this study, patients with RA who underwent HTO between 2016 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients whose follow-up period was <2 years and those whose onset of RA occurred after HTO were excluded. Clinical outcomes were investigated using the Japanese orthopedic Association (JOA) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Results: Seven patients (two males and five females, mean age 72.0 �} 6.2 years, mean body mass index 24.0 �} 2.9 kg/m2) were included in this study. The mean follow-up period was 62.1 �} 21.4 months. Open-wedge and hybrid closed-wedge HTO were performed in two and five cases, respectively. MTX was used for all cases. The bDMARDs were used in six cases (golimumab and tocilizumab in four and two cases, respectively). JOA scores significantly improved from 63.6 �} 10.7 preoperatively to 90.7 �} 5.3 postoperatively (p = 0.0167 Wilcoxon rank test). VAS scores significantly decreased from 48.6 �} 12.2 preoperatively to 11.4 �} 6.9 postoperatively (p = 0.017 Wilcoxon rank test). None of the patients underwent total knee arthroplasty. Conclusions: This study showed seven RA patients who underwent HTO treated with recent medication. The prognosis of RA, including joint destruction, has dramatically improved with induction of MTX and bDMARDs. HTO may be one of effective joint preservation surgeries even for patients with RA. To achieve the favorable outcomes, surgeons should pay attention to timing and indication of surgery. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 2045-2322 15 1 2025 Survival days of patients with metastatic spinal tumors of lung cancer requiring surgery: a prospective multicenter study 24117 EN Takuya Takahashi Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Science Tokyo Takashi Hirai Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Science Tokyo Yuki Shiratani Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Akinobu Suzuki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Kenichiro Kakutani Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Satoshi Kato Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University Hiroyuki Tominaga Department of Orthopedic Surgery Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University Hirokazu Inoue Rehabilitation Center, Jichi Medical University Hospital Hirokatsu Sawada Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine Norihiko Takegami Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Kazuo Nakanishi Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School Hideaki Nakajima Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui Masayuki Ishihara Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Kansai Medical University Hospital Tsutomu Oshigiri Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Toru Funayama Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba Takuya Iimura Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University Shinji Tanishima Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Sensory and Motor Organs, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Hiroaki Nakashima Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Daisuke Yamabe Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Iwate Medical University Ko Hashimoto Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Koji Uotani Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Masahiro Funaba Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate school of Medicine Narihito Nagoshi Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University Kazu Kobayakawa Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Toshitaka Yoshii Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Science Tokyo Kazuyuki Watanabe Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine Toshio Nakamae Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Takashi Kaito Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Gen Inoue Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine Shiro Imagama Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Kota Watanabe Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University Takeo Furuya Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Surgery for metastatic spinal tumors has improved postoperative activities of daily living. A few studies reported on prognostic factors assessed in large multicenter prospective studies for metastatic spinal tumors of lung cancer origin. This study aimed to determine preoperative prognostic factors in patients undergoing surgery for metastatic spinal tumors associated with lung cancer. This prospective registry study included 74 patients diagnosed and operated with metastatic spine tumors derived from lung cancer in 39 high-volume cancer centers. We examined the postoperative survival period and the preoperative factors related to postoperative survival time. We conducted univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to determine preoperative prognostic factors. The mean postoperative survival period was 343 days. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed a higher feeding score of vitality index, indications for molecularly targeted therapy, and a higher mobility score of Barthel index as independent factors associated with postoperative survival time in metastatic spinal tumors derived from lung cancer. Patients with indications for molecular-targeted therapy and good vitality exhibited longer survival. These results may help in surgical selection for patients with metastatic spinal tumors derived from lung cancer. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI AG Acta Medica Okayama 1648-9144 60 4 2024 Retrospective Cohort Study of Early versus Delayed Ballon Kyphoplasty Intervention for Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture Treatment 519 EN Akiyoshi Miyamoto Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital Umesh Parihar Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital Chetan Kumawat Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital Abd El Kader Al Askar Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital Masato Tanaka Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital Sharvari Gunjotikar Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital Takuya Taoka Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital Tadashi Komatsubara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital Yoshihiro Fujiwara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital Koji Uotani Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Shinya Arataki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital Objectives: To investigate the outcomes of early balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) intervention compared with late intervention for osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF). Background: Osteoporotic vertebral fracture can lead to kyphotic deformity, severe back pain, depression, and disturbances in activities of daily living (ADL). Balloon kyphoplasty has been widely utilized to treat symptomatic OVFs and has proven to be a very effective surgical option for this condition. Furthermore, BKP is relatively a safe and effective method due to its reduced acrylic cement leakage and greater kyphosis correction. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at our hospital for patients who underwent BKP for osteoporotic vertebral fractures in the time frame between January 2020 and December 2022. Ninety-nine patients were included in this study, and they were classified into two groups: in total, 36 patients underwent early BKP intervention (EI) at <4 weeks, and 63 patients underwent late BKP intervention (LI) at ≥4 weeks. We performed a clinical, radiological and statistical comparative evaluation for the both groups with a mean follow-up of one year. Results: Adjacent segmental fractures were more frequently observed in the LI group compared to the EI group (33.3% vs. 13.9%, p = 0.034). There was a significant improvement in postoperative vertebral angles in both groups (p = 0.036). The cement volume injected was 7.42 mL in the EI, compared with 6.3 mL in the LI (p = 0.007). The mean surgery time was shorter in the EI, at 30.2 min, compared with 37.1 min for the LI, presenting a significant difference (p = 0.0004). There was no statistical difference in the pain visual analog scale (VAS) between the two groups (p = 0.711), and there was no statistical difference in cement leakage (p = 0.192). Conclusions/Level of Evidence: Early BKP for OVF treatment may achieve better outcomes and fewer adjacent segmental fractures than delayed intervention. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1752-1947 19 1 2025 Exercise hemodynamic evaluation in the management of dasatinib-related pulmonary arterial hypertension: a case report 209 EN Shuhei Yamashita Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine Takahiro Hiraide Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine Yasuyuki Shiraishi Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine Yoshinori Katsumata Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine Masaharu Kataoka Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine Shogo Fukui Department of Rehabilitation, Keio University Hospital Michiyuki Kawakami Department of Rehabilitation, Keio University School of Medicine Shinsuke Yuasa Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Academic Field, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Shinichiro Okamoto Department of Hematology, Keio University School of Medicine Keiichi Fukuda Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine Masaki Ieda Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine Background Dasatinib-related pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare complication of chronic therapy for hematological malignancies. Pulmonary hypertension often persists despite drug discontinuation and might require vasodilators. Normalizing pulmonary hemodynamics and avoiding the long-term use of vasodilators is challenging.<br> Case presentation Patient was a 55-year-old Japanese man complaining of progressive dyspnea on effort and fatigue. He had a history of hypertension and chronic myeloid leukemia treated with dasatinib. He was diagnosed with dasatinib-related pulmonary arterial hypertension by a right heart catheterization at rest, demonstrating a mean pulmonary artery pressure of 31 mmHg and a normal pulmonary arterial wedge pressure of 6 mmHg. Symptoms and hemodynamics significantly improved after the discontinuation of dasatinib and the initiation of upfront combination therapy of vasodilators. An exercise right heart catheterization, performed more than 2 years after the initiation of vasodilators, showed a mean pulmonary artery pressure of 15 mmHg at rest and 29 mmHg at peak exercise (normal reference value, < 30 mmHg), suggesting normal pulmonary microcirculation. On the basis of these findings, pulmonary vasodilators were discontinued. Notably, a repeat exercise right heart catheterization demonstrated preserved pulmonary microcirculation, and the patient has remained asymptomatic for more than 2 years after discontinuing pulmonary-arterial-hypertension-targeted therapy.<br> Conclusions The evaluation of pulmonary microcirculation by exercise right heart catheterization can be useful for withdrawing pulmonary vasodilators safely in the management of patients with dasatinib-related pulmonary arterial hypertension. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 2772-963X 4 2 2025 Simplified Outcome Prediction in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Intervention by Survival Tree-Based Modelling 101575 EN Vera Fortmeier Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum Mark Lachmann First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich Lukas Stolz DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance Jennifer von Stein Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Cologne Karl-Philipp Rommel Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig Mohammad Kassar Department of Cardiology, Inselspital Bern, Bern University Hospital Muhammed Gerçek Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum Anne R. Schöber Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig Thomas J. Stocker DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance Hazem Omran Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum Michelle Fett Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum Jule Tervooren Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum Maria I. Körber Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Cologne Amelie Hesse First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich Gerhard Harmsen Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg Kai Peter Friedrichs Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum Shinsuke Yuasa Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Tanja K. Rudolph Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum Michael Joner DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance Roman Pfister Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Cologne Stephan Baldus Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Cologne Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich Stephan Windecker Department of Cardiology, Inselspital Bern, Bern University Hospital Fabien Praz Department of Cardiology, Inselspital Bern, Bern University Hospital Philipp Lurz Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig Jörg Hausleiter DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance Volker Rudolph Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum Background Patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) typically present with heterogeneity in the extent of cardiac dysfunction and extra-cardiac comorbidities, which play a decisive role for survival after transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention (TTVI).<br> Objectives This aim of this study was to create a survival tree-based model to determine the cardiac and extra-cardiac features associated with 2-year survival after TTVI.<br> Methods The study included 918 patients (derivation set, n = 631; validation set, n = 287) undergoing TTVI for severe TR. Supervised machine learning-derived survival tree-based modelling was applied to preprocedural clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic data.<br> Results Following univariate regression analysis to pre-select candidate variables for 2-year mortality prediction, a survival tree-based model was constructed using 4 key parameters. Three distinct cluster-related risk categories were identified, which differed significantly in survival after TTVI. Patients from the low-risk category (n = 261) were defined by mean pulmonary artery pressure ≤28 mm Hg and N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide ≤2,728 pg/mL, and they exhibited a 2-year survival rate of 85.5%. Patients from the high-risk category (n = 190) were defined by mean pulmonary artery pressure >28 mm Hg, right atrial area >32.5 cm2, and estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤51 mL/min, and they showed a significantly worse 2-year survival of only 52.6% (HR for 2-year mortality: 4.3, P < 0.001). Net re-classification improvement analysis demonstrated that this model was comparable to the TRI-Score and outperformed the EuroScore II in identifying high-risk patients. The prognostic value of risk phenotypes was confirmed by external validation.<br> Conclusions This simple survival tree-based model effectively stratifies patients with severe TR into distinct risk categories, demonstrating significant differences in 2-year survival after TTVI. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1536-1632 26 2 2024 Evaluating the Patterns of FAPI Uptake in the Shoulder Joint: a Preliminary Study Comparing with FDG Uptake in Oncological Studies 294 300 EN Yohji Matsusaka Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), Molecular Imaging of the Heart, University Hospital of Würzburg Rudolf A. Werner Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), Molecular Imaging of the Heart, University Hospital of Würzburg Sebastian E. Serfling Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), Molecular Imaging of the Heart, University Hospital of Würzburg Andreas K. Buck Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), Molecular Imaging of the Heart, University Hospital of Würzburg Aleksander Kosmala Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), Molecular Imaging of the Heart, University Hospital of Würzburg Takanori Sasaki Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Alexander Weich Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), Molecular Imaging of the Heart, University Hospital of Würzburg Takahiro Higuchi Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Background Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) targeting PET has been introduced as a novel molecular imaging modality for visualizing cancer-associated fibroblasts. There have also been reports suggesting incidental findings of localized accumulation in the shoulder joints. However, further characterization in a larger patient cohort is still lacking.<br> Methods 77 consecutive patients (28 females; mean age, 63.1 �} 11.6) who underwent Ga-68 FAPI-04 PET/CT for diagnosis of solid tumors were included. The incidence and localization of tracer uptake in shoulder joints were investigated and compared with available F-18 FDG scans serving as reference.<br> Results Ga-68 FAPI-04 uptake was evaluated in 77 patients (154 shoulder joints), of whom 54 subjects (108 shoulder joints) also had available F-18 FDG scans for head-to-head comparison. On FAPI-targeted imaging, 67/154 shoulders (43.5%) demonstrated increased radiotracer accumulation in target lesions, which were distributed as follows: acromioclavicular (AC) joints in 25/67 (37.3%), followed by glenohumeral and subacromial (GH + SA) joints in 23/67 (34.3%), or both (AC and GH + SA joints) in the remaining 19/67 (28.4%). Ga-68 FAPI-04 correlated with quantified F-18 FDG uptake (r = 0.69, p < 0.0001). Relative to the latter radiotracer, however, in-vivo FAP expression in the shoulders was significantly increased (Ga-68 FAPI-04, 4.7 �} 3.2 vs F-18 FDG, 3.6 �} 1.3, p < 0.001).<br> Conclusion Our study revealed focal accumulation of Ga-68 FAPI-04 in the shoulders, particularly in the AC joints, with higher uptake compared to the inflammatory-directed PET radiotracer F-18 FDG in oncological studies. As a result, further trials are warranted to investigate the potential of FAPI-directed molecular imaging in identifying chronic remodeling in shoulder joints. This could have implications for initiating anti-FAP targeted photodynamic therapy based on PET signal strength. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 2468-0249 10 6 2025 Dotinurad Treatment for Patients With Hyperuricemia Complicating CKD 1711 1720 EN Katsuyuki Tanabe Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomokazu Nunoue Nunoue Clinic Naoki Itabashi Itabashi Diabetes and Dermatology Medical Clinic Akihiro Katayama NHO Okayama Medical Center Akihiko Nakamura Osafune Clinic Hiroyuki Ohbayashi Tohno Chuo Clinic Yasuhiro Onishi Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoko Watanabe Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital Keisuke Maruyama Okayama Saiseikai Outpatient Center Hospital Takeshi Hosoya Hosoya Clinic Shinichi Okada Okada Medical Clinic Jun Wada Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Introduction: The management of hyperuricemia is important to reduce cardiovascular risk and the progression of renal injury in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of dotinurad, a novel urate transporter-1 inhibitor, in patients with hyperuricemia and CKD.<br> Methods: In a nonrandomized, parallel interventional study, patients were grouped based on their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline. The starting dotinurad dose was 0.5 mg/d and titrated to a final dose of 2 mg/d to 4 mg/d. The primary end point was the noninferiority of the change in serum uric acid (UA) levels between the G1/G2 and G3/G4 groups at week 24. The main secondary end points were changes in eGFR and UA clearance-to-creatinine clearance ratio (CUA/CCr). Reported adverse events were also investigated.<br> Results: Ninety-eight patients continued the dose titration. The mean percentage reduction in serum UA level at week 24 were 47.2% and 42.8% for the G1/G2 and G3/G4 groups, respectively; the between-group difference was �|4.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], �|9.5% to 0.9%, noninferiority P = 0.0321), validating the noninferiority of treatment in the G3/G4 group to the G1/G2 group. eGFR tended to increase slightly through to week 24, suggesting that spontaneous eGFR decline was counteracted. Mean CUA/CCr generally increased over time from week 4 to week 24. No new safety issues of particular concern were identified; and there were no marked changes in urinary pH.<br> Conclusion: Dotinurad therapy may be well-tolerated in patients with hyperuricemia and may have efficacy comparable with existing standard treatment in patients with CKD stages G3/G4. Randomized controlled trials in larger patient groups are needed. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Asian Spine Journal (ASJ) Acta Medica Okayama 1976-1902 19 3 2025 More postoperative complications and revision surgery after occipitocervical fusion than after atlantoaxial fusion: a retrospective multicenter cohort study 444 451 EN Koji Uotani Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Angel Oscar Paz Flores Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital Masato Tanaka Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital Shashank J Ekade Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital Shinya Arataki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital Tadashi Komatsubara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital Yoshiaki Oda Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Kensuke Shinohara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Study Design: A retrospective multicenter cohort study.<br> Purpose: We sought to determine whether occipitocervical (OC) fusion is followed by more postoperative complications and revision surgery than is atlantoaxial (AA) fusion. We aim to compare postoperative complications and revision surgery associated with OC fusion and AA fusion.<br> Overview of Literature: OC and AA fusion are established techniques for restoring upper cervical stability. However, the outcomes of the two methods have not been compared.<br> Methods: This study included 90 patients who underwent upper spinal fusion surgery for mechanical instability, performed by three surgeons in two hospitals from 2011 to 2023; OC fusion was indicated for irreducible AA subluxation, os odontoideum, and severe upper C1 fracture. Of the patients, 38 (mean age, 58.7 years) underwent OC fusion, and 52 (mean age, 62.8 years) underwent AA fusion. To evaluate surgical outcomes, we documented surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, and the rate of revision surgery. Radiographs were obtained to identify screw malposition, rod breakage, and nonunion. To compare the outcomes of the two techniques, we used the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and the chi-square or Fisher�fs exact test for dichotomous variables.<br> Results: OC fusion took significantly longer (175.4 minutes) than AA fusion (150.7 minutes, p=0.020) and had a higher complication rate (39.5% vs. 11.5%, p<0.0001). The reoperation rate was 23.7% (9/38) after OC fusion and 3.8% (2/52) after AA fusion; the difference was statistically significant (p=0.0073). Average amounts of blood loss were 224 mL during OC fusion and 224 mL during AA fusion; the difference was not significant (p=0.947).<br> Conclusions: Although OC fusion is indispensable for certain conditions, particularly basilar invagination, it entails more risk than dose AA fusion; the choice of technique thus warrants careful consideration. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japanese Society for Horticultural Science Acta Medica Okayama 2189-0102 94 1 2025 Development of an AI-based Image Analysis System to Calculate the Visit Duration of a Green Blow Fly on a Strawberry Flower 64 72 EN Hiroki Taniguchi Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Yuki Tsukuda School of Agriculture Okayama University Ko Motoki Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Tanjuro Goto Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Yuichi Yoshida Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Ken-ichiro Yasuba Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Pollinator insects are required to pollinate flowers in the production of some fruits and vegetables, and strawberries fall into this category. However, the function of pollinators has not been clarified by quantitative metrics such as the duration of pollinator visits needed by flowers. Due to the long activity time of pollinators (approximately 10-h), it is not easy to observe the visitation characteristics manually. Therefore, we developed software for evaluating pollinator performance using two types of artificial intelligence (AI), YOLOv4, which is an object detection AI, and VGG16, which is an image classifier AI. In this study, we used Phaenicia sericata Meigen (green blow fly) as the strawberry pollinator. The software program can automatically estimate the visit duration of a fly on a flower from video clips. First, the position of the flower is identified using YOLO, and the identified location is cropped. Next, the cropped image is classified by VGG16 to determine if the fly is on the flower. Finally, the results are saved in CSV and HTML format. The program processed 10 h of video (collected from 07:00 h to 17:00 h) taken under actual growing conditions to estimate the visit durations of flies on flowers. The recognition accuracy was approximately 97%, with an average difference of 550 s. The software was run on a small computer board (the Jetson Nano), indicating that it can easily be used without a complicated AI configuration. This means that the software can be used immediately by distributing pre-configured disk images. When the software was run on the Jetson Nano, it took approximately 11 min to estimate one day of 2-h video. It is therefore clear that the visit duration of a fly on a flower can be estimated much faster than by manually checking videos. Furthermore, this system can estimate the visit durations of pollinators to other flowers by changing the YOLO and VGG16 model files. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japan Neurosurgical Society Acta Medica Okayama 0470-8105 65 7 2025 Nationwide Survey of Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Chronic Subdural Hematoma in Japan 319 325 EN Satoshi MURAI Department of Neurosurgery, Kawasaki Medical School Yuki EBISUDANI Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jun HARUMA Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masafumi HIRAMATSU Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomohito HISHIKAWA Department of Neurosurgery, Kawasaki Medical School Tetsu SATOW Department of Neurosurgery/Stroke Center, Kindai University Hospital Kenji SUGIU Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Middle meningeal artery embolization has increasingly been used to treat chronic subdural hematoma. However, the current state of its application and outcomes in Japan remains unclear. We conducted a multicenter observational study involving facilities affiliated with the Japanese Society for Neuroendovascular Therapy to assess current practices and clarify the usefulness and safety of middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma. A total of 466 patients from 40 facilities were included. The mean age of the patients was 78.0 �} 10.5 years, and bleeding risks, including antithrombotic therapy or bleeding predisposition, were present in 36.1% of patients. The most common timing for middle meningeal artery embolization was after the second burr hole surgery, accounting for 34.8% of cases. N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate was used as the embolic material in 67% of cases. The complication rate was 5.2%, with complication-related morbidity at 0.9%. Hematomas were stable in 91.5% of cases at 30 days post-middle meningeal artery embolization. The symptomatic recurrence rate was 8.9%. Cases that underwent middle meningeal artery embolization after the second or subsequent burr hole surgeries were significantly associated with symptomatic recurrence. This study is the first nationwide survey investigating the real-world clinical practice of middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma in Japan. While it included many elderly patients, recurrent cases, and those with bleeding risks, the safety and usefulness of middle meningeal artery embolization were deemed acceptable. However, symptomatic recurrence was common even in cases with middle meningeal artery embolization when performed after the second or subsequent burr hole surgeries. A further prospective study will be warranted to clarify treatment indications, optimal timing, and treatment techniques of middle meningeal artery embolization. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japan Neurosurgical Society Acta Medica Okayama 2188-4226 12 2025 Safety of Adenosine-assisted Clipping Surgery for Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms: Interim Results of a Single-center, Single-arm Study 115 119 EN Tomohito HISHIKAWA Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Satoshi MURAI Department of Neurosurgery, Kawasaki Medical School Masafumi HIRAMATSU Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jun HARUMA Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki EBISUDANI Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takao YASUHARA Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kenji SUGIU Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuyoshi SHIMIZU Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Koji NAKAGAWA Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Aya KIMURA-ONO Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Katsuyuki HOTTA Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Hiroshi MORIMATSU Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Isao DATE Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences The aim of this single-center, single-arm study was to evaluate the safety of adenosine-assisted clipping surgery for unruptured cerebral aneurysms. Five patients underwent aneurysmal clipping during adenosine-induced hypotension at ≤60 mmHg. The mean age of patients was 63.4�}8.5 years, and the mean aneurysm size was 5.3�}1.1 mm. The prevalence of patients with modified Rankin Scale scores of zero 30 days after surgery was 100%. The degree of aneurysm obliteration was complete in 4 patients and residual dome in 1 patient. The mean total dosage of adenosine was 37.4�}18.8 mg. The mean duration of systolic blood pressure at ≤60 mmHg was 64.2�}28.3 secs. No patients exhibited paroxysmal atrial fibrillation within 24 hours after adenosine administration or elevation of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T on postoperative day 1. There was no reduction in either motor-evoked or somatosensory-evoked potential amplitude during surgery. Adenosine-induced hypotension is a safe procedure in clipping surgery for unruptured cerebral aneurysms. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 2045-2322 15 1 2025 Trends in the incidence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Japan: an observational study from 2013 to 2022 20715 EN Shinnosuke Fukushima Department of General Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Hidemasa Akazawa Department of General Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Toshihiro Koyama Department of Health Data Science, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Hideharu Hagiya Department of Infectious Diseases, Okayama University Hospital We aimed to determine the 10-year trend in the incidence of Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Japan. This retrospective observational study used a publicly available national database. Trends in the incidence of SFTS with annual percent changes (APC) were examined using Joinpoint regression analysis with stratification by patient age, season, and region. The association between disease incidence and environmental factors was investigated using Spearman�fs rank correlation. Between 2013 and 2022, there were 803 notified cases (397 males and 406 females) of SFTS, with 79.5% aged ≥ 65 years. The annual incidence rate increased continuously with an APC of 9.6%. The incidence peaked between May and June, with 80.8% of cases observed between May and October. The incidence was predominantly higher in western Japan, and the mean annual incidence rate was the highest in Miyazaki prefecture, with 0.89 per 100,000 people. Correlations between the SFTS incidence rates and environmental factors were observed in western Japan, with forest area (correlation coefficient, 0.80), followed by agricultural population rate (0.70). SFTS incidence is continuously increasing in Japan, especially among the elderly population. Environmental factors such as broader forest areas and increased agricultural population were possibly associated with the incidence. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 2045-2322 15 1 2025 Automated identification of the origin of energy loss in nonoriented electrical steel by feature extended Ginzburg–Landau free energy framework 23758 EN Michiki Taniwaki Tokyo University of Science Ryunosuke Nagaoka Tokyo University of Science Ken Masuzawa Tokyo University of Science Shunsuke Sato Tokyo University of Science Alexandre Lira Foggiatto Tokyo University of Science Chiharu Mitsumata Tokyo University of Science Takahiro Yamazaki Tokyo University of Science Ippei Obayashi Okayama University Yasuaki Hiraoka Kyoto University Yasuhiko Igarashi University of Tsukuba Yuta Mizutori University of Tsukuba Sepehri Amin Hossein NIMS Tadakatsu Ohkubo NIMS Hisashi Mogi Nippon Steel Masato Kotsugi Tokyo University of Science This study presents the automated identification of the complex magnetization reversal process in nonoriented electrical steel (NOES) using the feature extended Ginzburg–Landau (eX-GL) free energy framework. eX-GL provides a robust connection between microscopic magnetic domains and macroscopic magnetic hysteresis using a data science perspective. This method employs physically meaningful features to analyze the energy landscape, providing insights into the mechanisms behind function. We obtained features representing both the microstructure and energy of the domain wall. The causes of iron loss were traced to the original domain structure, through which we could successfully distinguish and visualize the role of pinning as a promoting and resisting factor. We found that the reversal process was governed not only by general grain boundary pinning but also by segmented magnetic domains within the grain. This method revealed the complex interplay between magnetism and metallography and introduced a new means for transformative material design, bridging structures and functions. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1436-3771 29 8 2025 Clinical and microbiological effects of a propolis toothpaste in patients with periodontitis under supportive periodontal therapy: a randomized double-blind clinical trial 379 EN Kazu Takeuchi-Hatanaka Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital Masahiro Ito Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital Yoshihiro Hayashi Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital Hiroe Maruyama Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital Hiroyuki Kono Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital Yuki Shinoda-Ito Department of Pathophysiology–Periodontal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kazuhiro Omori Department of Pathophysiology–Periodontal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Shogo Takashiba Department of Pathophysiology–Periodontal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Objectives Propolis possesses antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. While its application in oral care has garnered significant attention, evidence supporting its effectiveness against periodontal bacteria is limited. This study used a randomized double-blind protocol to assess the safety and efficacy of toothpaste containing propolis compared to a placebo in patients undergoing supportive periodontal therapy (SPT).<br> Materials and methods Thirty-two participants in SPT were randomized into two groups: toothpaste containing 2.5% ethanol-extracted propolis (EEP) and a placebo without EEP. Participants brushed twice daily for four weeks, and clinical parameters, bacterial counts, and salivary characteristics were assessed before and after the intervention.<br> Results The propolis group showed a significant reduction in periodontal pocket depth (P = 0.006), with a mean depth of 3.80 mm compared to 4.35 mm in the placebo group. Bleeding on probing was significantly reduced in both groups (P = 0.032 in the propolis group and 0.0498 in the placebo group), but did not differ between groups. Total bacterial and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) counts did not differ significantly between the groups; however, the number of patients with decreased P. gingivalis was slightly larger than those in the placebo group (not significant). Additionally, saliva acidity decreased significantly in the propolis group (P = 0.041), suggesting a shift toward a less pathogenic oral environment. No adverse events were observed.<br> Conclusion These findings suggest that propolis may contribute to stabilizing periodontal disease during supportive periodontal therapy by modulating salivary acidity.<br> Clinical relevance Periodontal pocket depth and the rate of bleeding on probing are reduced, along with decreased saliva acidity. Meanwhile, the levels of P. gingivalis in the periodontal pockets remain low. Propolis-dentifrice may help alleviate gingival inflammation during SPT.<br> Clinical trial registration Registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry (ID: UMIN000029554). No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 1441-0745 27 3 2025 Factors Influencing Pain Management Practices Among Nurses in University Hospitals in Western Japan: A Cross�]Sectional Study Using Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis e70143 EN Mengyao Xi Doctor's Program, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Yuki Kajiwara Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Michiko Morimoto Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Effective pain management remains a global nursing challenge, requiring awareness of influencing factors. This cross-sectional study examined such factors among nurses in Western Japan's university hospitals from September to November 2023. A self-reported questionnaire was used to investigate nurses' sociodemographic characteristics, collaboration with physicians in the ward, pain management knowledge, empathy, and pain management practices. Among 695 nurses (69.4% valid response rate), 51.4% had under 5 years' work experience, indicating a relatively junior nursing workforce. The mean practice score was 47.5 (SD = 7.1). Hierarchical regression showed knowledge and empathy increased practice scores by 6.2%. Nurses' empathy, particularly their perspective-taking, explained pain management practice (ƒÀ = 0.242, p < 0.001). Information-sharing with pain specialists, effective collaboration with physicians in the ward, work experience, and clinical pain education were also associated with pain management practices (all p < 0.05). This study suggests that enhancing nurses' empathy and fostering a collaborative ward environment may be essential strategies to improve the pain management quality. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1868-4300 2025 Efficacy of transcatheter patent foramen ovale closure for drug-resistant migraine: initial experience in Japan and long-term outcome EN Teiji Akagi Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yoichi Takaya Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Takashi Miki Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Rie Nakayama Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Koji Nakagawa Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Mitsuki Nakashima Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yoshiaki Takahashi Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Nozomi Hishikawa Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Shinsuke Yuasa Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of transcatheter patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure for the treatment of drug-resistant migraine in Japan. Previous studies have suggested a potential benefit for migraine with aura, although large-scale trials in the United States and Europe have failed to confirm efficacy as a primary endpoint. The study included 27 patients (mean age 36.4 years, 15 female, 21 with aura) who had more than two migraine attacks per month despite medication. All had PFO confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography and underwent transcatheter closure with the Amplatzer PFO Occluder. Patients were followed up to 12 months with migraine severity monitored by headache specialist. The procedure was successful and without complications in all cases. One patient required a larger occluder (35 mm) due to the size of PFO. At 12 months, 22 of 27 (81%) patients reported either complete resolution or improvement of migraine. Specifically, 10 of 21 (48%) patients with aura experienced complete resolution of migraine at one year. Patients without aura had a lower response rate, with only one case of complete resolution. Despite limitations such as the lack of a control group and potential patient selection bias, the study demonstrated that PFO closure may provide significant relief for patients with drug-resistant migraine, particularly those with aura. These findings support further investigation to better define its clinical indications and potential benefits. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1340-6868 32 4 2025 Japanese translation of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast + 4 (FACT-B + 4) following international guidelines: a verification of linguistic validity 773 782 EN Takahiro Tsukioki Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Nozomu Takata Simpson Querrey Biomedical Research Center, Northwestern University Saya R. Dennis Department of Preventive Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Kaori Terata Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Akita University Hospital Yasuaki Sagara Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Social Medical Corporation Hakuaikai Sagara Hospital Takehiko Sakai Department of Surgical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR Shin Takayama Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital Dai Kitagawa Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Yuichiro Kikawa Department of Breast Surgery, Kansai Medical University Hospital Yuko Takahashi Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Tsuguo Iwatani Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Fumikata Hara Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital Tomomi Fujisawa Department of Breast Cancer, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center Tadahiko Shien Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Background For breast cancer patients, postoperative lymphedema and upper limb movement disorders are serious complications that absolutely reduce their quality of life (QOL). To evaluate this serious complication, we used �gQuick Dash�h or �gFACT-B�h, which can assess a patient's physical, social, emotional, and functional health status. To evaluate their breast cancer surgery-related dysfunction correctly, �gFACT-B + 4�h was created by adding four questions about �garm swelling'' and �gtenderness�h. We have translated it into Japanese according to international translation guidelines.<br> Methods At the beginning, we contacted FACT headquarters that we would like to create a Japanese version of FACT-B + 4. They formed the FACIT Trans Team (FACIT) following international translation procedures, and then, we began translating according to them. The steps are 1: perform �gForward and Reverse translations�h to create a �gPreliminary Japanese version�h, 2: request the cooperation of 5 breast cancer patients and �gconduct a pilot study�h and �gquestionnaire survey�h, and 3: amendments and final approval based on pilot study results and clinical perspectives.<br> Result In Step1, FACIT requested faithful translation of the words, verbs, and nouns from the original text. In Step2, patients reported that they felt uncomfortable with the Japanese version words such as �gnumb'' and �gstiffness'' and felt that it might be difficult to describe their symptoms accurately. In Step3, we readjusted the translation to be more concise and closer to common Japanese language, and performed �gStep1�h again to ensure that the translation definitely retained the meaning of the original.<br> Conclusion A Japanese version of FACT has existed until now, but there was no Japanese version of FACT-B + 4, which adds four additional items to evaluate swelling and pain in the upper limbs. This time, we have created a Japanese version that has been approved by FACT. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Chemical Society (ACS) Acta Medica Okayama 0743-7463 41 21 2025 Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Transient Multilamellar Formation in Ethanol-Modified Vesicle Solutions 13372 13380 EN Kana Shibata Department of Materials Chemistry, Nagoya University Masatoshi Maeki Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Manabu Tokeshi Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Wataru Shinoda Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University A recent microfluidic-based small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurement intriguingly suggested the transient formation of multilamellar structures during the mixing of unilamellar vesicles with ethanol in an aqueous solution. This study explores a possible molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon, primarily through coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) simulations. We first examined lipid aggregate morphology as a function of ethanol concentration in an aqueous solution. Even though vesicles were observed in pure aqueous solution, increasing ethanol concentrations led to more frequent pore formation in vesicular membranes. At ethanol concentrations above 52%, vesicles destabilized and transformed into worm-like micelles. We hypothesized that the transient multilamellar structures might arise from vesicle stacking due to variations in the effective interactions between vesicles. However, a series of potential of mean force (PMF) calculations consistently showed repulsive interactions between vesicles, regardless of ethanol concentration, ruling out this possibility. In contrast, once lipid aggregates transformed into worm-like micelles, the PMF barrier between them dropped (∼5kBT), promoting fusion. Our CG-MD simulations further demonstrated that lipid aggregates (micelles) readily fused and grew in high ethanol concentrations. Upon subsequent exposure to lower ethanol levels, these enlarged aggregates reorganized into vesicles with internal lamellar structure„Ÿmultilamellar vesicles. These findings suggest that the heterogeneous mixing of unilamellar vesicular solutions with ethanol in a microfluidic device plays a key role in the emergence of transient multilamellar structures. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 1526-9914 26 6 2025 Quantitative quality control of 3D water tank using image analysis e70119 EN Yuki Tanimoto Department of Radiology, NHO Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center Kohei Sugimoto Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare Kazunobu Koshi Department of Radiology, NHO Fukuyama Medical Center Akira Hiroshige Department of Radiology, NHO Shikoku Cancer Center Shohei Yoshida Department of Radiology, NHO Shikoku Cancer Center Yoshiki Fujita Department of Radiology, NHO Shikoku Cancer Center Atsuki Nakahira Department of Radiology, NHO Shikoku Cancer Center Daiki Nakanishi Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital Hirofumi Honda Department of Radiological Technology, Ehime University Hospital Masataka Oita Department of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University Background and objective: Accurate beam data acquisition using three-dimensional (3D) water tanks is essential for beam commissioning and quality control (QC) in clinical radiation therapy. This study introduces a novel method for quantitative QC of the system, utilizing MV images and webcam videos. The stability of the motor drive speed and the positional accuracy of the fixture were evaluated under two measurement modes: �gcontinuous mode�h and �gstep-by-step mode.�h<br> Methods: A TRUFIX mounting system (PTW Freiburg Inc., Germany) was used to attach the center of the steel ball to its top, ensuring alignment with the water surface of the tank. To assess deviations from the radiation isocenter, MV images were acquired and compared with digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs). These evaluations were performed at different speed settings (slow, medium, and fast) using ET CT Body Marker (BRAINLAB Inc., USA) mounted on the drive unit. A webcam was utilized to capture the images, and custom-developed tracking software was employed to analyze deviations in driving speed and positional errors.<br> Results: The mean error of the radiation isocenter was 0.37 �} 0.09 mm. As the motor drive speed increased, the discrepancy between the set speed and the actual speed observed in the analysis also became larger. In �gcontinuous mode,�h the deviation from the displayed value was greater than that observed in �gstep-by-step mode.�h<br> Conclusion: It is demonstrated that the proposed analysis method can quantitatively evaluate radiation isocenter misalignment, tank setup position deviation, and both the indicated drive speed values and their stability. At higher drive speeds, the �gstep-by-step mode�h showed smaller deviations from the indicated values. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Public Library of Science Acta Medica Okayama 1932-6203 20 5 2025 LeFood-set: Baseline performance of predicting level of leftovers food dataset in a hospital using MT learning e0320426 EN Yuita Arum Sari Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University Atsushi Nakazawa Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University Yudi Arimba Wani Nutrition Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Brawijaya University Monitoring the remaining food in patients' trays is a routine activity in healthcare facilities as it provides valuable insights into the patients' dietary intake. However, estimating food leftovers through visual observation is time-consuming and biased. To tackle this issue, we have devised an efficient deep learning-based approach that promises to revolutionize how we estimate food leftovers. Our first step was creating the LeFoodSet dataset, a pioneering large-scale open dataset explicitly designed for estimating food leftovers. This dataset is unique in its ability to estimate leftover rates and types of food. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive dataset for this type of analysis. The dataset comprises 524 image pairs representing 34 Indonesian food categories, each with images captured before and after consumption. Our prediction models employed a combined visual feature extraction and late fusion approach utilizing soft parameter sharing. Here, we used multi-task (MT) models that simultaneously predict leftovers and food types in training. In the experiments, we tested the single task (ST) model, the ST Model with Ground Truth (ST-GT), the MT model, and the MT model with Inter-task Connection (MT-IC). Our AI-based models, particularly the MT and MT-IC models, have shown promising results, outperforming human observation in predicting leftover food. These findings show the best with the ResNet101 model, where the Mean Average Error (MAE) of leftover task and food classification accuracy task is 0.0801 and 90.44% in the MT Model and 0.0817 and 92.56% in the MT-IC Model, respectively. It is proved that the proposed solution has a bright future for AI-based approaches in medical and nursing applications. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1476-5527 2025 The association between objectively measured physical activity and home blood pressure: a population-based real-world data analysis EN Minako Kinuta Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takashi Hisamatsu Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kaori Taniguchi Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Izumo, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine Mari Fukuda Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Noriko Nakahata Department of Health and Nutrition, The University of Shimane Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition Hideyuki Kanda Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Few studies have examined the association of objectively measured habitual physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior with out-of-office blood pressure (BP). We investigated the associations of objectively measured PA intensity time, sedentary time, and step count with at-home BP. Using accelerometer-recorded PA indices and self-measured BP in 368 participants (mean age, 53.8 years; 58.7% women), we analyzed 115,575 records of each parameter between May 2019 and April 2024. PA intensities were categorized as light (2.0–2.9 metabolic equivalents [METs]); moderate (3.0–5.9 METs); vigorous (≥6.0 METs), or sedentary (<2.0 METs): the median [interquartile ranges] for these variables was 188 [146–232], 83 [59–114], 1 [0–2], 501 [428–579] minutes, respectively, and for step count, was 6040 [4164–8457]. Means [standard deviations] for systolic and diastolic BP were 116.4 [14.2] and 75.2 [9.3] mmHg, respectively. A mixed-effect model adjusted for possible confounders showed that 1-h longer in vigorous PA was associated with lower systolic and diastolic BP (�|1.69 and �|1.09 mmHg, respectively). A 1000-step increase in step count was associated with lower systolic and diastolic BP (�|0.05 and �|0.02 mmHg, respectively). Associations were more pronounced among men and participants aged <60 years. Sedentary time was positively associated with BP in men and participants aged <60 years, but inversely associated with BP in women and participants aged ≥60 years. Our findings suggest that more PA and less sedentary behavior were associated with BP reduction, particularly among men and participants aged <60 years. However, the clinical relevance of this effect remains uncertain because of its modest magnitude. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Nature Acta Medica Okayama 2234-2451 37 1 2025 The preoperative flexion tear gap affects postoperative meniscus stability after pullout repair for medial meniscus posterior root tear 16 EN Masanori Tamura Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takayuki Furumatsu Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takahiro Kitayama Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Yusuke Yokoyama Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Okazaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Koki Kawada Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background We investigated whether the preoperative flexion tear gap (FTG) observed in open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) affects meniscus stability after medial meniscus (MM) posterior root (MMPR) repairs. Furthermore, time-correlated MRI findings from MMPR tear occurrence were evaluated. <br> Methods This retrospective observational study included 54 patients (mean age, 64.6 years; 13 males and 41 females) who underwent pullout repair for radial degenerative MMPR tear. Meniscus stability (scored 0-4 points) was assessed using a semi-quantitative arthroscopic scoring system during second-look arthroscopy 1 year postoperatively. The FTG was evaluated on preoperative axial MRI at 90 degrees knee flexion. Other MRI measurements included MM extrusion (MME) at 10 degrees knee flexion, MM posterior extrusion (MMPE) at 90 degrees knee flexion, and MM posteromedial extrusion (MMpmE) at 90 degrees knee flexion preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. The correlation between the arthroscopic stability score and MRI findings was investigated. A receiver-operating characteristic curve was calculated to predict a good meniscus healing score (3-4 points). The correlation between the FTG and patient demographics, including time from injury to MRI, was analyzed. <br> Results At 1 year postoperatively, MME increased by 1.1 mm, while MMpmE and MMPE decreased by 0.4 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively. The meniscus stability score was negatively correlated with the preoperative FTG (r = -0.61, p < 0.01). The time from injury to MRI was significantly correlated with the preoperative FTG. The receiver-operating characteristic curve identified an FTG cut-off value of 8.7 mm for predicting good postoperative stability, with sensitivity and specificity of 67% and 85%, respectively. <br> Conclusions FTG evaluated with open MRI at 90 degrees knee flexion was associated with time from injury and affected meniscus stability following pullout repair. MMPR tears should be treated in the early phase to increase meniscus healing stability. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI Acta Medica Okayama 1999-4893 18 3 2025 A Hair Drawing Evaluation Algorithm for Exactness Assessment Method in Portrait Drawing Learning Assistant System 143 EN Yue Zhang Department of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama University Nobuo Funabiki Department of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama University Erita Cicilia Febrianti Department of Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya Amang Sudarsono Department of Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya Chenchien Hsu Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University Nowadays, portrait drawing has become increasingly popular as a means of developing artistic skills and nurturing emotional expression. However, it is challenging for novices to start learning it, as they usually lack a solid grasp of proportions and structural foundations of the five senses. To address this problem, we have studied Portrait Drawing Learning Assistant System (PDLAS) for guiding novices by providing auxiliary lines of facial features, generated by utilizing OpenPose and OpenCV libraries. For PDLAS, we have also presented the exactness assessment method to evaluate drawing accuracy using the Normalized Cross-Correlation (NCC) algorithm. It calculates the similarity score between the drawing result and the initial portrait photo. Unfortunately, the current method does not assess the hair drawing, although it occupies a large part of a portrait and often determines its quality. In this paper, we present a hair drawing evaluation algorithm for the exactness assessment method to offer comprehensive feedback to users in PDLAS. To emphasize hair lines, this algorithm extracts the texture of the hair region by computing the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the hair image. For evaluations, we applied the proposal to drawing results by seven students from Okayama University, Japan and confirmed the validity. In addition, we observed the NCC score improvement in PDLAS by modifying the face parts with low similarity scores from the exactness assessment method. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 2049-4173 2025 Novel Therapeutic Algorism in Patients With Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome EN Yoshitaka Kondo Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nobuhiko Kanaya Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ami Kobayashi Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Kyosuke Arakawa Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Yoshikazu Matsuoka Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Yudai Mimata Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshihiko Kakiuchi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kunitoshi Shigeyasu Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shinji Kuroda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shunsuke Kagawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background: Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES) is often overlooked as a cause of chronic abdominal pain. Trigger point injections (TPIs) serve as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Although neurectomy is frequently chosen for patients with severe ACNES, its surgical outcomes remain unclear.<br> Aim: This study aims to evaluate both the short- and long-term outcomes for neurectomy and propose a novel therapeutic algorithm.<br> Methods: A cohort of postoperative patients presenting with ACNES between 2016 and 2023 was retrospectively evaluated. Patients received a single diagnostic TPI. When the pain subsided, an anterior neurectomy was performed using either an anterior or laparoscopic approach. Pain scores were assessed using the numeric rating scale (NRS).<br> Results: Among 37 patients (60% females, mean age 33.8 �} 3.4 years), 29 patients (78.4%) experienced pain recurrence following initial neurectomy. Of these, 22 patients underwent repeat neurectomies, resulting in complete remission in 15 patients and no benefit in 7 patients. Long-term outcomes showed that 62.2% achieved clinical remission (NRS = 0), whereas 8.1% reported reduced but persistent pain (NRS 1–2). Preoperative TPI effectiveness was a strong predictor of surgical success, with patients achieving post-TPI NRS (0–1) significantly more likely to attain remission (p = 0.0074). Older age was also associated with higher remission rates (p = 0.0476).<br> Conclusion: TPI is critical for predicting neurectomy success. These findings support the integration of preoperative TPI evaluation and tailored surgical strategies to optimize outcomes for patients with ACNES. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI Acta Medica Okayama 2075-4418 15 6 2025 Robustness of Machine Learning Predictions for Determining Whether Deep Inspiration Breath-Hold Is Required in Breast Cancer Radiation Therapy 668 EN Wlla E. Al-Hammad Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Masahiro Kuroda Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Jamal, Ghaida Al Jamal Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology Mamiko Fujikura Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Ryo Kamizaki Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Kazuhiro Kuroda Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Suzuka Yoshida Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yoshihide Nakamura Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Masataka Oita Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University Yoshinori Tanabe Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Kohei Sugimoto Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Irfan Sugianto Department of Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University Majd Barham Department of Dentistry and Dental Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University Nouha Tekiki Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Miki Hisatomi Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Junichi Asaumi Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Background/Objectives: Deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) is a commonly used technique to reduce the mean heart dose (MHD), which is critical for minimizing late cardiac side effects in breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT). Although previous studies have explored the potential of machine learning (ML) to predict which patients might benefit from DIBH, none have rigorously assessed ML model performance across various MHD thresholds and parameter settings. This study aims to evaluate the robustness of ML models in predicting the need for DIBH across different clinical scenarios. Methods: Using data from 207 breast cancer patients treated with RT, we developed and tested ML models at three MHD cut-off values (240, 270, and 300 cGy), considering variations in the number of independent variables (three vs. six) and folds in the cross-validation (three, four, and five). Robustness was defined as achieving high F2 scores and low instability in predictive performance. Results: Our findings indicate that the decision tree (DT) model demonstrated consistently high robustness at 240 and 270 cGy, while the random forest model performed optimally at 300 cGy. At 240 cGy, a threshold critical to minimize late cardiac risks, the DT model exhibited stable predictive power, reducing the risk of overestimating DIBH necessity. Conclusions: These results suggest that the DT model, particularly at lower MHD thresholds, may be the most reliable for clinical applications. By providing a tool for targeted DIBH implementation, this model has the potential to enhance patient-specific treatment planning and improve clinical outcomes in RT. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI Acta Medica Okayama 2075-4418 15 6 2025 Improving Diagnostic Performance for Head and Neck Tumors with Simple Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging and Machine Learning Bi-Parameter Analysis 790 EN Suzuka Yoshida Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Masahiro Kuroda Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Yoshihide Nakamura Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yuka Fukumura Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yuki Nakamitsu Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Wlla E. Al-Hammad Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kazuhiro Kuroda Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Yudai Shimizu Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yoshinori Tanabe Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Masataka Oita Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University Irfan Sugianto Department of Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University Majd Barham Department of Dentistry and Dental Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University Nouha Tekiki Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Nurul N. Kamaruddin Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Miki Hisatomi Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yoshinobu Yanagi Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Junichi Asaumi Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Background/Objectives: Mean kurtosis (MK) values in simple diffusion kurtosis imaging (SDI)-a type of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI)-have been reported to be useful in the diagnosis of head and neck malignancies, for which pre-processing with smoothing filters has been reported to improve the diagnostic accuracy. Multi-parameter analysis using DKI in combination with other image types has recently been reported to improve the diagnostic performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of machine learning (ML)-based multi-parameter analysis using the MK and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values-which can be acquired simultaneously through SDI-for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant head and neck tumors, which is important for determining the treatment strategy, as well as examining the usefulness of filter pre-processing. Methods: A total of 32 pathologically diagnosed head and neck tumors were included in the study, and a Gaussian filter was used for image pre-processing. MK and ADC values were extracted from pixels within the tumor area and used as explanatory variables. Five ML algorithms were used to create models for the prediction of tumor status (benign or malignant), which were evaluated through ROC analysis. Results: Bi-parameter analysis with gradient boosting achieved the best diagnostic performance, with an AUC of 0.81. Conclusions: The usefulness of bi-parameter analysis with ML methods for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant head and neck tumors using SDI data were demonstrated. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 2052-8817 12 1 2025 Association of blood carboxyhemoglobin levels with mortality and neurological outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest e70053 EN Takashi Hongo Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tetsuya Yumoto Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiromichi Naito Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomohiro Hiraoka Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuya Murakami Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takafumi Obara Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tsuyoshi Nojima Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyuki Aokage Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Atsunori Nakao Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background: Carbon monoxide (CO), produced endogenously by heme oxygenase-1, plays a crucial role in the immune system by mitigating cellular damage under stress. However, the significance of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is not well understood. This study aimed to explore the association between COHb levels at hospital arrival and within the first 24 h post-arrival with 30-day mortality and neurological outcomes in patients who experienced OHCA.<br> Methods: This single-center, retrospective study analyzed data from adult patients who experienced OHCA seen at Okayama University Hospital from 2019 to 2023. The patients were assigned to one of two study groups based on COHb levels (0.0% or >= 0.1%) upon hospital arrival. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality.<br> Results: Among the 560 eligible patients who experienced OHCA, 284 (50.7%) were in the COHb 0.0% group and 276 (49.3%) were in the COHb >= 0.1% group. The 30-day mortality was significantly higher in the COHb 0.0% group compared to the COHb >= 0.1% group (264 [92.9%] vs. 233 [84.4%]). Multivariable logistic regression showed that the COHb 0.0% group was associated with 30-day mortality (adjusted ORs: 2.24, 95% CIs: 1.10-4.56). Non-survivors at 30 days who were admitted to the intensive care unit had lower COHb levels at hospital arrival (0.0% vs. 0.2%) and lower mean COHb levels during the first 24 h post-arrival (0.7% vs. 0.9%) compared to survivors.<br> Conclusions: COHb levels of 0.0% were linked to worse outcomes in patients experiencing OHCA, warranting further research on the prognostic implications of COHb in this context. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI Acta Medica Okayama 2227-9059 13 2 2025 The Abnormal Expression of Tubular SGLT2 and GULT2 in Diabetes Model Mice with Malocclusion-Induced Hyperglycemia 267 EN Koichiro Kajiwara Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College Sachio Tamaoki Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College Yoshihiko Sawa Department of Oral Function & Anatomy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background: A relationship between malocclusion and the promotion of diabetes has been suggested. In hyperglycemia, the expression of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) and the facilitative glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) is upregulated in proximal tubular cells, leading to an increase in renal glucose reabsorption. The present study aimed to investigate whether malocclusion contributes to diabetic exacerbation. Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice with malocclusion due to cutting molars were investigated based on increased blood glucose levels. PCR and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on diabetic mice kidneys to investigate the expression of SGLT2 and GLUT2. Results: Animal experiments were performed using 32 mice for 21 days. The time to reach a diabetic condition in STZ-administered mice was shorter with malocclusion than without malocclusion. The increase and mean blood glucose levels in STZ-administered mice were steeper and higher with malocclusion than without malocclusion. Urea albumin, BUN, and CRE levels were higher in diabetic mice with malocclusion than in diabetic mice without. Immunoreaction with anti-SGLT2 and anti-GLUT2 in the renal tissue of STZ-administered mice was stronger with malocclusion than without malocclusion. The amounts of SGLT2 and GLUT2 mRNA in the renal tissue in STZ-administered mice were higher with malocclusion than without malocclusion. The amounts of TNF-a and IL-6 mRNA in the large intestinal tissue in STZ-administered mice were higher with malocclusion than without malocclusion. Conclusions: Our results indicate that malocclusion accelerates the tubular expression of SGLT2 and GLUT2 under hyperglycemia. Malocclusion may be a diabetes-exacerbating factor with increased poor glycemic control due to shortened occlusion time resulting from swallowing food without chewing. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 0309-0167 2025 Kikuchi�]Fujimoto disease: investigating comprehensive clinicopathological features and risk factors for recurrence EN Midori Filiz Nishimura Department of Molecular Hematopathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences Chikako Sakao Department of Molecular Hematopathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences Yuka Kurokawa Department of Molecular Hematopathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences Yoshito Nishimura Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Asami Nishikori Department of Molecular Hematopathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences Hidetaka Yamamoto Department of Pathology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yasuharu Sato Department of Molecular Hematopathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences Aims: Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a rare disease that typically manifests with fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. Little is known about the risk factors associated with recurrence and their correlation with clinicopathologic features.<br> Methods and Results: We analysed 112 patients with KFD, predominantly female (61/112, 54.5%), with an average age of 29.4 years. The incidence was higher in males up to the age of 20 and higher in females from their 30s onwards. Of the 70 patients with follow-up data, 23% experienced recurrence. Recurrence was associated with lower C4 levels (P = 0.038) and higher antinuclear antibody (ANA) rates (P = 0.007) compared to transient disease. The mean duration of symptoms was 71.5 days. Lymph node histology in 98 cases (excluding 14 needle biopsy specimens) was classified into three patterns: proliferative (n = 75, 77%), necrotizing (n = 22, 22%), and xanthomatous (n = 1, 1%). The necrotizing pattern associated with significantly enlarged lymph nodes (P = 0.047) and a longer symptom duration (P = 0.009) than the proliferating pattern. The number of CD4-positive lymphocytes was significantly lower in the necrotizing type than in the proliferative type (P < 0.001).<br> Conclusion: These results indicated that low C4 levels and positive ANA were associated with KFD recurrence. Although the aetiology of KFD remains elusive, given that some cases develop autoimmune disease, the results suggest that patients with recurrent KFD represent an intermediate status between those with transient KFD and those with overt autoimmune disease. The comprehensive clinicopathological findings of this study may be useful for elucidating its pathogenesis and predicting the clinical course. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Medknow Publications Acta Medica Okayama 0971-6203 49 4 2024 Backside Irradiation of Ultraviolet-A for Correcting Nonuniformity Error of Gafchromic XR-QA2 Films 563 567 EN Nobuyoshi Tanki Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Sachiko Goto Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Toshizo Katsuda Department of Medical Radiation Technology, Shizuoka College of Medicalcare Science Rumi Gotanda Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare Tatsuhiro Gotanda Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare Tadao Kuwano Department of Radiology, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention Purpose: Radiochromic film is used for quality assurance and quality control of X-ray equipment in the diagnostic radiology. In addition, three-dimensional dose distribution of computed tomography (CT) is measured. To correct the nonuniformity and uncertainty of radiochromic films for dose measurement of CT, the films are preirradiated ultraviolet (UV)-A rays. There is a difference in the UV protection strength of radiochromic films. A concern exists about the effects of the UV-A irradiation intensity. We thus irradiated with UV-A rays from the backsides of the films to assess if backside irradiation was possible. Materials and Methods: Gafchromic XR-QA2 and RTQA2 were used in this study. The UV-A rays were simultaneously irradiated on the front and backsides of each film for 12 h. The yellow layer of each film was scanned and imaged. The average pixel values �} standard deviations (SDs) were compared. In the statistical analysis, a paired t-test was performed. To compare, the active-layer densities engendered by the UV-A rays. Calibration curve was created with 48 h of preirradiation of UV-A. Results: The mean pixel values �} SD for Gafchromic XR-QA2 on the front and backsides were 130.776 �} 0.812 and 81.015 �} 1.128, respectively. On the other hand, the mean pixel values �} SD for Gafchromic RTQA2 on the front and backsides were 62.299 �} 1.077 and 133.761 �} 1.365, respectively. The statistical results of the paired t-test were significantly different (P < 0.01) between both films. Fitting equation of the calibration curve is shown below. y = -390.47 �} 200 + (443.45 �} 10x80).5068 �} 0.0434. Conclusion: Based on the relationship between the sensitivity of the active layer to UV-A rays and the strength of UV protection on the surface, we concluded that backside irradiation is recommended for Gafchromic XR-QA2, and frontside irradiation is recommended for Gafchromic RTQA2. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 0093-691X 236 2025 Characteristics of porcine oocyte-cumulus complexes derived from various sizes of antral follicles and classified by brilliant cresyl blue staining, and developmental competence of the oocytes 74 81 EN Phong Ngoc Van Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Son Quang Do Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Wanniarachchige Tharindu Lakshitha Fonseka Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Takuya Wakai Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Hiroaki Funahashi Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University The present study sought to determine the characteristics of porcine oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCCs) derived from very small and small antral follicles (with less than 1 mm and 1–3 mm in diameter, respectively; VSF and SF) in comparison with controls from medium ones (with 3–6 mm in diameter; MF). Additionally, the present study examined the utility of brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) staining for assessing these OCCs. The incidence of BCB- oocytes in VSF- and SF-derived OCCs was higher than that in MF-derived OCCs. Although the meiotic and developmental competences of BCB+ oocytes from MF were superior to those from VSF and SF, blastocysts were successfully obtained from BCB+ oocytes even derived from VSF. The mean numbers of both total and viable cumulus cells surrounding an oocyte were significantly affected not only by the origin of the OCCs, but also by the BCB status of the oocytes (largest in MF-derived OCCs containing BCB+ oocytes). Although the outer and inner diameters of zona pellucida were affected by the origin of OCCs and the BCB status of oocytes (largest in MF-derived oocytes), the ooplasmic diameter of BCB+ oocytes did not differ among those derived from VSF, SF, and MF. Regardless of the BCB status, the transcriptional levels of G6PD and TKT in cumulus cells decreased during follicular development from VSF to MF, whereas the RPIA mRNA level in cumulus cells of MF-derived BCB+ OCCs was lower than in the others. These results underscore the utility of BCB staining for selecting MF-, SF-, and even VSF-derived OCCs containing oocytes with relatively higher meiotic and developmental competences, as well as the importance of having a sufficient number of healthy cumulus cells expressing genes related to the pentose phosphate pathway at lower levels. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 79 1 2025 Immediate Effects of a Single Home-based Rehabilitation Treatment on Balance Performance and Toe-Grip Strength in Elderly Subjects Continuing the Same Rehabilitation Program 47 50 EN Kazunori Kojima Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama Healthcare Professional University Takuya Ujikawa Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare Toshiro Ono Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama Healthcare Professional University Original Article /10.18926/AMO/68361 We assessed the immediate effects of a home-based rehabilitation (HBR) program on the balance performance and toe-grip strength of 29 older adults (mean�}SD age of 75.1�}9.9; 16 males, 13 females) who were participating in HBR services provided by Japan�fs nursing care insurance system. Their toe-grip strength and balance performance were measured before and after the HBR program. The subjects�f toe-grip strength was significantly improved after the treatment. The subjects who had had a stroke showed a significant improvement after HBR. Contrarily, no significant difference was observed in the subjects�f functional reach results or their one-leg standing time. These results indicate that the exercise regimen provided in the HBR program led to increased excitability of motor units and immediately enhanced the subjects�f toe-grip strength. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 79 1 2025 Could the Trabecular Bone Score Be a Complementary Tool for Evaluating Degenerative Lumbar Vertebrae? 39 45 EN Shinichiro Takao Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Koji Uotani Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Haruo Misawa Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomoko Tetsunaga Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kensuke Shinohara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kentaro Yamane Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshiaki Oda Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hironori Tsuji Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuya Kajiki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Original Article /10.18926/AMO/68360 Evaluating vertebral bone mass and quality in the elderly poses challenges due to degenerative changes. This study aims to elucidate the usefulness of the trabecular bone score (TBS) by examining the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD), TBS, and Hounsfield unit (HU) values. A retrospective analysis of 599 vertebrae from 152 patients (mean age 69.0 years; range 44-89; 74 males and 78 females) undergoing dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and CT scans was conducted. Vertebrae were categorized into three grades based on the degree of degeneration. The TBS was calculated from DXA images, and the HU value was measured by placing a region of interest on an axial image of the vertebral mid-body. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson�fs correlation tests were employed to investigate the relationship between BMD and TBS or HU values. While lumbar BMD significantly increased (p<0.01) with degenerative changes, TBS and HU values showed no significant differences. The correlations between lumbar BMD and TBS values, and between BMD and HU values, were stronger without degenerative changes than with degenerative changes. Significantly different HU values were observed between the right and left sides of severely degenerated vertebrae. Severe degenerative changes, particularly those associated with sclerosis, may impact HU values. TBS exhibits greater potential than HU values as a complementary tool. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0021-5155 69 1 2025 Relationships between tilt angles of rectus muscles and positions of rectus muscle pulleys in patients with sagging eye syndrome 1 9 EN Reika Kono Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ichiro Hamasaki Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Fumiko Kishimoto Division of Ophthalmology, Ibara City Hospital, Ibara City Kiyo Shibata Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shin Morisawa Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Morizane Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Purpose To examine the relationship between the rectus muscle (RM) angle and RM pulley displacement in patients with sagging eye syndrome (SES) without myopia.<br> Study design Retrospective cross-sectional case series.<br> Methods High-resolution quasi-coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 20 orbits of ten Japanese patients with SES but without high myopia were analyzed. The patients had no abduction deficiency. The RM angles were measured between the major axes of the horizontal and vertical RMs relative to the vertical and horizontal planes, respectively. The positions of the RM pulleys relative to the center of the globe were analyzed as previously described.<br> Results The mean age of the patients was 75.8 �} 4.5 years (standard deviation). The average axial length was 23.6 �} 0.6 mm. The lateral rectus (LR) muscle angle (22 �} 6�‹) had moderate negative correlations with the inferior displacement of the inferior rectus (IR), superior rectus (SR), and LR pulleys (r =– 0.63,– 0.45, and– 0.45, respectively); however, no change was observed in the medial rectus (MR) pulley (r =– 0.41). No correlations were found between the angles of the SR (4 �} 8�‹), IR (– 13 �} 8�‹), and MR (– 1 �} 6�‹) muscles and the positions of the RM pulleys.<br> Conclusion Given the correlation between increased LR muscle angle and inferior displacement of adjacent RM pulleys in SES, the LR muscle angle may serve as a diagnostic clue, even when inferior displacement is not identifiable on MRI. Further confirmation in larger studies is warranted. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

BMC Acta Medica Okayama 1472-6920 25 1 2025 Effectiveness of professional-identity-formation and clinical communication-skills programs on medical students' empathy in the COVID-19 context: comparison between pre-pandemic in-person classes and during-pandemic online classes 39 EN Hitomi Kataoka Center for Diversity and Inclusion, Okayama University Hospital Akiko Tokinobu Center for Diversity and Inclusion, Okayama University Hospital Chikako Fujii Center for Diversity and Inclusion, Okayama University Hospital Mayu Watanabe Division of Kidney, Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Okayama University Hospital Mikako Obika Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Background Enhancing students' empathy is critical in medical school education. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a shift from in-person to online classes. However, the effectiveness of online classes for enhancing medical students' empathy has not been investigated sufficiently and the evidence is limited. This study compared the effectiveness of enhancing empathy between pre-pandemic in-person classes and during-pandemic online classes among medical students in Japan using pre-pandemic and during-pandemic data.<br> Methods This is a retrospective observational study. This study measured students' empathy using the Japanese translation of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Student Version (JSE-S) before and after the special programs for professional identity formation and clinical communication among first- and second-year students who matriculated from 2015-2021. This study categorized the matriculation year groups as "pre-pandemic" and "during-pandemic" groups for the first- and second-year students. This study estimated the adjusted mean score differences of the JSE-S and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from the pre- to post-program between the pre-pandemic and during-pandemic groups in the first and second years using linear regression analysis.<br> Results This study's participants included 653 first-year students and 562 second-year students. In the first year, the during-pandemic group had a significantly higher mean score difference from the pre- to post-program compared to the pre-pandemic group. The adjusted regression coefficient (95% CI) was 7.6 (5.7 - 9.5), with the pre-pandemic group as the reference. In the second year, there were no significant differences between the two groups.<br> Conclusions The results suggest that online classes are not inferior to in-person classes or even slightly better in enhancing medical students' empathy, which should be clarified by further studies. This study's findings have important implications for medical education and implementing hybrid class formats to enhance students' empathy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

BMC Acta Medica Okayama 1751-0759 18 1 2024 Psychogenic fever and neurodevelopmental disorders among Japanese children 23 EN Ayumi Okada Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yoshie Shigeyasu Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Chikako Fujii Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Chie Tanaka Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Mana Hanzawa Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Akiko Sugihara Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Makiko Horiuchi Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Hirokazu Tsukahara Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Background Psychosocial stress can induce various physical symptoms, including fever, which is a commonly seen symptom in pediatric practice. In cases of unexplained fever, psychogenic fever should be considered as a potential cause. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders may be more vulnerable to stress and therefore more prone to developing somatic symptoms than their peers. This study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of children with psychogenic fever and comorbidity.<br> Methods This study included 21 patients with psychogenic fever who visited the Department of Pediatric Psychosomatic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital. Information on age, sex, disease onset, final estimated diagnosis, comorbidities, treatment course, and outcome was obtained from the patients' medical records.<br> Results Of the 21 patients included, 7 were boys and 14 were girls, and their median age was 13.0 (range: 8.6-14.6) years. A total of 19 patients had no attendance at school, and all patients showed signs of maladjustment in school. The comorbidities included orthostatic dysregulation (n = 4) and migraine (n = 3). Neurodevelopmental disorders were observed in nine patients, eight of whom were diagnosed after the initial visit. The mean treatment duration was 37.2 months. The outcomes were complete remission (n = 9), improvement (n = 4), discontinuation (n = 1), and referral to another physician (n = 7).<br> Conclusion Various comorbidities were observed in the patients of this study with psychogenic fever, including the coexistence of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autistic spectrum disorder. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders are prone to psychological stress resulting from difficulties in social adjustment. It is crucial to understand the developmental characteristics and environmental adaptation of patients to facilitate accurate diagnosis and treatment. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japanese Society of Internal Medicine Acta Medica Okayama 0918-2918 63 21 2024 Endoscopic and Histological Gastritis in University Students with Helicobacter pylori Infection 2875 2884 EN Shotaro Okanoue Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Sakae Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kenji Yokota Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takehiro Tanaka Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuka Obayashi Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Makoto Abe Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshiyasu Kono Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiromitsu Kanzaki Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masaya Iwamuro Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Seiji Kawano Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshiro Kawahara Department of Practical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Yanai Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Okada Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Objective Although the characteristics of Helicobacter pylori infection have been extensively reported, there is a lack of consensus regarding its characteristics in young adults. The present study examined the endoscopic and histological characteristics of young adults who underwent eradication therapy for H. pylori infection.<br> Methods We examined the H. pylori infection status of first-year students at Okayama University School of Medicine and Dentistry between 2014 and 2020. A total of 152 (6.8%) students who were positive for H. pylori antibody or pepsinogen tests were enrolled in the study. Among them, 107 students underwent endoscopy, and their biopsy samples were investigated. Seventy-five students were diagnosed with H. pylori infections.<br> Results Of 75 H. pylori-positive patients, 57 (76.0%) had endoscopic atrophic gastritis, and 42 (56.0%) had histological atrophy. A few patients had severe atrophic gastritis. All 65 patients who underwent an eradication assessment were successfully treated. After successful eradication, 26 patients underwent endoscopic follow-up. The mean follow-up period was 32.9 months. A histological evaluation revealed that gastric antrum atrophy had subsided in 11 of 14 patients, and atrophy in the lesser curvature of the gastric body had subsided in 7 of 8 patients.<br> Conclusion More than half of young adults with H. pylori infection had atrophic gastritis. We found mild atrophy in young adults, which subsided shortly after eradication treatment. This study provides a foundation for future studies to evaluate the validity of eradication therapy in preventing gastric cancer in patients. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japanese Society for Medical and Biological Engineering Acta Medica Okayama 2187-5219 12 2023 Transepidermal Water Loss Estimation Model for Evaluating Skin Barrier Function 1 8 EN Osamu Uehara Medical Engineering Laboratory, ALCARE Co., Ltd. Toshimasa Kusuhara Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Takao Nakamura Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Deterioration of skin barrier function causes symptoms such as allergies because it allows various chemical substances to enter the human body. Quantitative evaluation of the thickness and water content of the stratum corneum is useful as a measure of skin barrier function in fields such as dermatology, nursing science, and cosmetics development. The stratum corneum is responsible for most of the skin barrier function, and this function has conventionally been evaluated using transepidermal water loss (TEWL). In this paper, we propose a new model for estimation of TEWL from measurements of the thickness of the stratum corneum and water content of the surface of the stratum corneum, and discuss the results of the measurements. By measuring the thickness and water content of the stratum corneum using confocal laser microscopy and confocal Raman spectroscopy, respectively, and examining the relationship of these variables with TEWL, we established a new potential model for estimating TEWL from these two variables. The correlation coefficient of the validation data was 0.886 and the root mean squared error was 8.18 points. These findings indicate the feasibility of qualitative evaluation of TEWL by measuring the thickness and water content of the stratum corneum. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

AIP Publishing Acta Medica Okayama 0021-9606 161 21 2024 The nature of the hydrophobic interaction varies as the solute size increases from methane�fs to C60�fs 214501 EN Hidefumi Naito Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University Tomonari Sumi Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University Kenichiro Koga Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University The hydrophobic interaction, often combined with the hydrophilic or ionic interactions, makes the behavior of aqueous solutions very rich and plays an important role in biological systems. Theoretical and computer simulation studies have shown that the water-mediated force depends strongly on the size and other chemical properties of the solute, but how it changes with these factors remains unclear. We report here a computer simulation study that illustrates how the hydrophobic pair interaction and the entropic and enthalpic terms change with the solute size when the solute–solvent weak attractive interaction is unchanged with the solute size. The nature of the hydrophobic interaction changes qualitatively as the solute size increases from that of methane to that of fullerene. The potential of mean force between small solutes has several well-defined extrema, including the third minimum, whereas the potential of mean force between large solutes has the deep contact minimum and the large free-energy barrier between the contact and the water-bilayer separated configurations. The difference in the potential of mean force is related to the differences in the water density, energy, and hydrogen bond number distributions in the vicinity of the pairs of hydrophobic solutes. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 78 6 2024 Partial versus Radical Nephrectomy for Small Renal Cancer: Comparative Propensity Score-Matching Analysis of Cardiovascular Event Risk 429 437 EN Risa Kubota Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kensuke Bekku Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Satoshi Katayama Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takehiro Iwata Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shingo Nishimura Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kohei Edamura Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomoko Kobayashi Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasuyuki Kobayashi Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Motoo Araki Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Original Article 10.18926/AMO/67868 Although partial nephrectomy (PN) is preferred over radical nephrectomy (RN) for preserving renal function in patients with cT1 renal cancer, its impact on cardiovascular events (CVe) remains controversial. This study aimed to compare PN and RN in regard to the occurrence of CVe, including cerebrovascular events and exacerbation of hypertension (HT). We retrospectively analyzed 418 consecutive patients who underwent PN or RN for cT1 renal cancer. Propensity score-matching analysis was used to adjust for imbalances between patients who underwent PN and RN, leaving 102 patients in each group. The 5-year probability of cumulative CVe incidence was 6% in the PN group and 12% in the RN group (p=0.03), with a median follow-up of 73.5 months. The statistical significance was retained after propensity score matching for patients without preoperative proteinuria (p=0.03). For all CVe including cerebrovascular events and exacerbation of HT analyzed, PN provided a lower probability of occurrence than RN in patients with small renal cancers. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japan Prosthodontic Society Acta Medica Okayama 1883-1958 67 2 2023 Prosthodontic treatment can improve the ingestible food profile in Japanese adult outpatients 189 195 EN Aya Kimura-Ono Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Kenji Maekawa Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takuo Kuboki Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kumiko Nawachi Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masanori Fujisawa Meikai University School of Dentistry Hironobu Sato Fukuoka Dental College Graduate School of Dental Science Hideki Aita Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Shigeto Koyama Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Japan Masayuki Hideshima Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Yuji Sato Showa University School of Dentistry Hiroyuki Wake Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kan Nagao Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Yorika Kodaira-Ueda Tokyo Dental College Katsushi Tamaki Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School Shinsuke Sadamori Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, Chugoku-Shikoku Regional Bureau of Health and Welfare Kazuhiro Tsuga Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Yasuhiro Nishi Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Takashi Sawase Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Hisashi Koshino Health Sciences University of Hokkaido School of Dentistry Shin-ichi Masumi Kyushu Dental University Kaoru Sakurai Tokyo Dental College Kanji Ishibashi Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry Takashi Ohyama Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Yasumasa Akagawa Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Toshihiro Hirai Health Sciences University of Hokkaido School of Dentistry Keiichi Sasaki Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Kiyoshi Koyano Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science Hirofumi Yatani Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry Hideo Matsumura Nihon University School of Dentistry Tetsuo Ichikawa Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Shuji Ohkawa Meikai University School of Dentistry Kazuyoshi Baba Showa University School of Dentistry Purpose: To investigate the effect of prosthodontic treatment on the ingestible food profile in adult Japanese outpatients, and to identify the related risk factors that can deteriorate the profile.<br> Methods: The participants were 277 outpatients who visited university-based specialty clinics in Japan for prosthodontic treatment. The demographic data, number of present teeth assessed via intraoral examination, and oral health-related quality of life assessed by the total Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-J54) scores of all participants were recorded before treatment. Ingestible food profile score (IFS) was recorded using a validated food intake questionnaire. Eligible participants who answered the questionnaire before and after treatment were categorized into five groups based on the prosthodontic treatments they received (i.e., crowns, bridges, removable partial dentures, removable complete dentures, and removable complete and partial dentures).<br> Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed a statistically significant main effect of prosthodontic intervention (time course: before and after treatment) on mean IFS (P=0.035, F=4.526), even after adjusting for covariates (age, number of present teeth, and treatment modality). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the low number of present teeth (r=0.427, P<0.001) and a high OHIP-J54 total score (r=-0.519, P<0.001) of the patients at the baseline were significantly associated with their baseline IFSs, even after adjusting for confounding variables.<br> Conclusions: The findings of this multicenter follow-up study indicate the importance of prosthodontic rehabilitation in improving patients�f ingestible food profiles. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 2234-2451 35 1 2023 Meniscus extrusion is a predisposing factor for determining arthroscopic treatments in partial medial meniscus posterior root tears 8 EN Takayuki Furumatsu Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Keisuke Kintaka Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Naohiro Higashihara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masanori Tamura Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Koki Kawada Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Haowei Xue Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background Patients with partial medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) sometimes require arthroscopic pullout repair because of their intolerable/repeated knee pains and continuous disturbance in gait during activities of daily living. However, the predisposing factors for future knee surgery in patients with partial MMPRTs remain unclear. We compared the findings of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between patients who underwent pullout repair and nonoperative management following partial MMPRTs.<br> Methods Twenty-five patients who required arthroscopic repair for partial MMPRTs and 23 patients who were managed nonoperatively were evaluated during a mean follow-up period of 27.1 months. Sex, age, height, body weight, body mass index, duration from onset to initial MRI, MRI findings, and medial meniscus (MM) extrusion were compared between the two groups. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the correlation between MM extrusion and duration from onset to MRI examination.<br> Results No significant differences were observed between the pullout repair and nonoperative management groups in terms of patient demographics and the positive ratio of MRI-based root tear signs. However, absolute MM extrusion in the pullout repair group (3.49 �} 0.82 mm) was larger than that in the nonoperative management group (2.48 �} 0.60 mm, P < 0.001). Extrusion of the MM (> 3 mm) was detected more frequently in the pullout repair group than in the nonoperative management group (P < 0.001). The odds ratio in the pullout repair and MM extrusion > 3 mm cases was 9.662. Linear regression analysis revealed a fair correlation between the duration from onset to MRI and MM extrusion only in the pullout repair group (0.462 mm/month increase in MM extrusion).<br> Conclusions This study demonstrated that more severe MM extrusions were observed in the pullout repair group than in the nonoperative management group. Major extrusion (> 3 mm) was also observed more in the pullout repair group than in the nonoperative group. Assessing MM extrusion and its severity can help determine a valid treatment for patients with partial MMPRTs.<br> Level of evidence IV, Retrospective comparative study. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0941-4355 32 12 2024 Relationship among cancer treatment, quality of life, and oral function in head and neck cancer survivors: A cross-sectional study 809 EN Aya Yokoi Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Takayuki Maruyama Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Reiko Yamanaka Department of Preventive Dentistry, Division of Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital Noriko Takeuchi Department of Preventive Dentistry, Division of Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital Manabu Morita Department of Oral Health Sciences, Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care Daisuke Ekuni Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Purpose Treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC), such as surgery and chemoradiotherapy, can reduce oral function and affect quality of life (QoL). However, whether HNC treatment affects QoL via the decline of oral function remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among cancer treatment, QoL, and actual oral function in HNC survivors.<br> Methods A total of 100 HNC survivors who had completed definitive treatment for HNC at least 6 months prior to enrollment were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. QoL was evaluated using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 summary score. Oral diadochokinesis (ODK), tongue pressure, moisture level on the mucosal surface, and mouth opening were measured. Information on age, sex, tumor site, tumor stage, history of HNC treatment, height, body weight, and lifestyle were collected from medical records. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to analyze the indirect/direct associations among HNC treatment, QoL, and oral function.<br> Results In total, 100 HNC survivors (58 males and 42 females; age range, 30–81 years, median, 67 years) were analyzed. Overall, 63 patients (63.0%) were diagnosed as oral cancer, 66 (66.0%) developed advanced cancer (stage 3/4), and 58 (58.0%) underwent reconstruction surgery in 100 HNC survivors. The SEM results supported the hypothesized structural model (root mean square error of approximation = 0.044, comparative fit index = 0.990, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.986). Surgery with neck dissection and reconstruction for advanced cancer had indirect effects on lower QoL via ODK and mouth opening.<br> Conclusion HNC treatment is indirectly associated with QoL via oral function in HNC survivors. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0021-5155 68 6 2024 Relationships among eye dimensions in magnetic resonance images by sex, age, and strabismus type in Japanese patients with acquired strabismus and high myopia 641 650 EN Reika Kono Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ichiro Hamasaki Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Fumiko Kishimoto Division of Ophthalmology, Ibara City Hospital Takehiro Shimizu Division of Ophthalmology, Okayama City Hospital Hiroya Kindo Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kiyo Shibata Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shin Morisawa Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Morizane Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Purpose To investigate the relationships among eye dimensions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans by sex, age, and strabismus type in Japanese patients with acquired strabismus and high myopia.<br> Study design Retrospective clinical case series.<br> Methods We included 58 eyes of 29 patients with acquired strabismus and high myopia (mean age �} standard deviation: 60.2 �} 14.7 years, axial length [AL]: 28.69 �} 2.12 mm). For all eyes, the equatorial diameter of the globe/AL ratio (EAR) and the globe/orbit volume ratio (GOR) were measured using MRI. EAR and GOR values were compared between the following groups: 9 men vs. 20 women; 8 younger (< 56 years) vs. 21 older (≥ 56 years) patients; and non-esotropia strabismus (NES: 7 patients) vs. esotropia (ET: 13 patients) vs. restrictive strabismus (RS: 9 patients) groups.<br> Results Female patients had a smaller EAR (0.87 �} 0.07) and larger GOR (0.38 �} 0.04) than male patients (0.92 �} 0.05 and 0.35 �} 0.03, both P < 0.01). Older patients had a smaller EAR (0.87 �} 0.07) than younger ones (0.93 �} 0.04, P < 0.01), without significant differences in GOR. EAR (NES: 0.92 �} 0.06, ET: 0.86 �} 0.06, RS: 0.89 �} 0.09) significantly differed among the three strabismus groups (P = 0.02: post-hoc test: NES vs. ET, P = 0.02; NES vs. RS, P = 0.49; RS vs. ET, P = 0.67), but no significant differences in GOR were found (P = 0.12).<br> Conclusions Among patients with acquired strabismus and high myopia, women, older patients, and those with esotropia exhibit a smaller EAR and longer sphere shape with AL as the major axis. The parameter EAR might be useful for evaluating the pathogenesis of strabismus associated with high myopia. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 2047-9980 13 22 2024 Eight-Year Outcomes of Cardiosphere-Derived Cells in Single Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease e038137 EN Kenta Hirai Department of Pediatrics Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ryusuke Sawada Department of Pharmacology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomohiro Hayashi Department of Pediatrics Kurashiki Central Hospital Toru Araki Department of Pediatrics National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center Naomi Nakagawa Department of Pediatric Cardiology Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital Maiko Kondo Department of Pediatrics Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kenji Yasuda Department of Pediatrics Shimane University Faculty of Medicine Takuya Hirata Department of Pediatrics Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Tomoyuki Sato Department of Pediatrics Jichi Medical University Yuki Nakatsuka Department of Data Science, Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine Okayama University Hospital Michihiro Yoshida Department of Data Science, Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine Okayama University Hospital Shingo Kasahara Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kenji Baba Department of Pediatrics Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hidemasa Oh Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine Okayama University Hospital the TICAP/PERSEUS Study Group Background: Cardiosphere�]derived cell (CDC) infusion was associated with better clinical outcomes at 2 years in patients with single ventricle heart disease. The current study investigates time�]to�]event outcomes at 8 years.<br> Methods and Results: This cohort enrolled patients with single ventricles who underwent stage 2 or stage 3 palliation from January 2011 to January 2015 at 8 centers in Japan. The primary outcomes were time�]dependent CDC treatment effects on death and late complications during 8 years of follow�]up, assessed by restricted mean survival time. Among 93 patients enrolled (mean age, 2.3�}1.3 years; 56% men), 40 received CDC infusion. Overall survival for CDC�]treated versus control patients did not differ at 8 years (hazard ratio [HR], 0.60 [95% CI, 0.21–1.77]; P=0.35). Treatment effect had nonproportional hazards for death favoring CDCs at 4 years (restricted mean survival time difference +0.33 years [95% CI, 0.01–0.66]; P=0.043). In patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, CDC treatment effect on survival was greater over 8 years (restricted mean survival time difference +1.58 years [95% CI, 0.05–3.12]; P=0.043). Compared with control participants, CDC�]treated patients showed lower incidences of late failure (HR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.21–0.93]; P=0.027) and adverse events (subdistribution HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.27–0.94]; P=0.036) at 8 years.<br> Conclusions: By 8 years, CDC infusion was associated with lower hazards of late failure and adverse events in single ventricle heart disease. CDC treatment effect on survival was notable by 4 years and showed a durable clinical benefit in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction over 8 years.<br> Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifiers: NCT01273857 and NCT01829750. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

BMC Acta Medica Okayama 1478-6354 26 1 2024 Association between discontinuity of care and patient trust in the usual rheumatologist among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study 195 EN Yu Katayama Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshia Miyawaki Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kenta Shidahara Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shoichi Nawachi Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yosuke Asano Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Eri Katsuyama Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takayuki Katsuyama Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Mariko Takano-Narazaki Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshinori Matsumoto Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nao Oguro Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine Nobuyuki Yajima Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine Yuichi Ishikawa The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Natsuki Sakurai Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Chiharu Hidekawa Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Ryusuke Yoshimi Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Shigeru Ohno Centre for Rheumatic Disease, Yokohama City University Medical Centre Takanori Ichikawa Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University Dai Kishida Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine Yasuhiro Shimojima Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine Ken-Ei Sada Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jun Wada Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences David H. Thom Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine Noriaki Kurita Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine Background Patient trust plays a central role in the patient-physician relationship. This study aimed to determine whether the number of outpatient visits with a covering rheumatologist is associated with patient trust in their usual rheumatologist.<br> Methods Japanese adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who met the 1997 revised classification criteria of the American College of Rheumatology and had outpatient visits with a covering rheumatologist in the past year were included.<br> We used the 11-item Japanese version of the modified Trust in Physician Scale (range 0–100) to assess patient trust. A general linear model with cluster-robust variance estimation was used to evaluate the association between the number of outpatient visits with covering rheumatologists and the patient�fs trust in their usual rheumatologist.<br> Results Of the 515 enrolled participants, 421 patients with SLE were included in our analyses. Patients were divided into groups according to the number of outpatient visits with a covering rheumatologist in the past year as follows: no visits (59.9%; reference group), one to three visits (24.2%; low-frequency group), and four or more visits (15.9%; high-frequency group). The median Trust in Physician Scale score was 81.8 (interquartile range: 72.7–93.2). Both the low-frequency group (mean difference: -3.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] -5.93 to -0.80) and high-frequency group (mean difference: -4.17; 95% CI -7.77 to -0.58) exhibited lower trust in their usual rheumatologist.<br> Conclusion This study revealed that the number of outpatient visits with a covering rheumatologist was associated with lower trust in a patient�fs usual rheumatologist. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 0085-2538 106 5 2024 A randomized, open-label, clinical trial examined the effects of canagliflozin on albuminuria and eGFR decline using an individual pre-intervention eGFR slope 972 984 EN Satoshi Miyamoto Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Hiddo J.L. Heerspink Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Dick de Zeeuw Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Kota Sakamoto Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Michihiro Yoshida Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Masao Toyoda Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine Daisuke Suzuki Suzuki Diadetes Clinic Takashi Hatanaka Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center Tohru Nakamura Diabetes Internal Medicine, Sumitomo Besshi Hospital Shinji Kamei Department of Diabetic Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital Satoshi Murao Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Takamatsu Hospital Kazuyuki Hida Department of Diabetology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center Shinichiro Ando Department of Internal Medicine Diabetic Center, Okayama City Hospital Hiroaki Akai Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Yasushi Takahashi Department of Diabetes, Ochiai General Hospital Munehiro Kitada Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University Hisashi Sugano Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kochi Health Sciences Center Tomokazu Nunoue Nunoue Clinic Akihiko Nakamura Internal Medicine, Osafune Clinic Motofumi Sasaki Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Matsue City Hospital Tatsuaki Nakatou Diabetes Center, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital Kei Fujimoto Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital Daiji Kawanami Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fukuoka University School of Medicine Takashi Wada Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University Nobuyuki Miyatake Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University Hiromi Kuramoto Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Kenichi Shikata Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Demonstrating drug efficacy in slowing kidney disease progression requires large clinical trials when targeting participants with an early stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this randomized, parallel-group, open-labeled trial (CANPIONE study), we assessed the effect of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor canagliflozin using the individual�fs change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope before (pre-intervention slope) and during treatment (chronic slope). We randomly assigned (1:1) participants with type 2 diabetes, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) of 50 to under 300 mg/g, and an eGFR of at least 45 ml/min/1.73m2 to receive canagliflozin or guideline-recommended treatment except for SGLT2 inhibitors (control). The first and second primary outcomes were the geometric mean percentage change from baseline in UACR and the change in eGFR slope, respectively. Of 98 randomized participants, 96 received at least one study treatment. The least-squares mean change from baseline in log-transformed geometric mean UACR was significantly greater in the canagliflozin group than the control group (between group-difference, �|30.8% (95% confidence interval �|42.6 to �|16.8). The between-group difference (canagliflozin group – control group) of change in eGFR slope (chronic – pre-intervention) was 4.4 (1.6 to 7.3) ml/min/1.73 m2 per year, which was more pronounced in participants with faster eGFR decline. In summary, canagliflozin reduced albuminuria and the participant-specific natural course of eGFR decline in participants with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria. Thus, the CANPIONE study suggests that the within-individual change in eGFR slope may be a novel approach to determine the kidney protective potential of new therapies in early stages of CKD. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japanese Society for Medical and Biological Engineering Acta Medica Okayama 2187-5219 13 2024 Effects of Region-Specific Material Properties of Patellar Tendon on the Magnitude and Distribution of Local Stress and Strain 318 326 EN Shota Enomoto Institute for Promotion of Education and Campus Life, Okayama University Toshiaki Oda Graduate School of Education, Hyogo University of Teacher Education The effects of the region-specific material properties of the patellar tendon (PT) on the magnitude and distribution of local stress and strain are poorly understood. Hence, this study investigated this issue using finite element analysis. A three-dimensional PT model was developed based on parameters obtained from previous studies, and was bisected in the frontal plane. Two models were created: one that considered region-specific material properties (two-material model) and one that did not (one-material model). An 8% strain was applied to the proximal surface, and the mean and peak first principal stress and strain were calculated. In the two-material model, the mean first principal stress observed in the anterior region was 28.5% higher than that in the posterior region. However, in the one-material model, the mean first principal stress in the anterior region was 19.5% lower than that in the posterior region. Focusing on the differences between the models, the mean and peak first principal stresses in the posterior region of the one-material model were 61.1% and 41.2% higher, respectively, compared with those in the two-material model. Furthermore, the mean and peak first principal stresses in the proximal and distal regions of the posterior region in the one-material model were 41.8-75.8% higher than those in the two-material model. These results suggest that the region-specific material properties of PT influence the stress distribution and underscore the importance of modeling that incorporates region-specific material properties in PT finite element models. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) Acta Medica Okayama 0275-004X 44 11 2024 INVESTIGATION OF THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE FOVEOSCHISIS: Analysis of Longitudinal Changes in Visual Functions, Retinal Structures, and Retinal Traction Force 1992 2000 EN Ryo Matoba Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yuki Kanzaki Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Tetsuro Morita Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yuki Masuda Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Shuhei Kimura Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Mio M. Hosokawa Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yusuke Shiode Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yuki Morizane Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Purpose: To analyze the pathophysiology of epiretinal membrane foveoschisis (FS) by evaluating the longitudinal changes in visual function and several optical coherence tomography parameters.<br> Methods: The medical records of 33 consecutive patients (35 eyes) with untreated epiretinal membrane foveoschisis were retrospectively reviewed. Best-corrected visual acuity, M-CHARTS score, and optical coherence tomography parameters including epiretinal membrane area, maximum depth of retinal folds, FS area, and FS circularity were evaluated.<br> Results: A wide range of FS area changes was observed at the final follow-up visit (59.68%–240.45% of the baseline FS area). In the FS enlargement group, best-corrected visual acuity and mean M-CHARTS scores significantly worsened and maximum depth of retinal folds significantly increased over time, whereas in the FS non-enlargement group, no significant change was observed in the best-corrected visual acuity, mean M-CHARTS scores, or maximum depth of retinal folds during the follow-up period. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that maximum depth of retinal folds (odds ratio: 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.10, P = 0.048) and FS circularity (odds ratio: 0.91, 95% confidence interval: 0.83–1.00, P = 0.043) were significantly associated with FS enlargement.<br> Conclusion: Epiretinal membrane foveoschisis encompasses diverse pathophysiologies. Since visual functions do not worsen in some cases, monitoring the changes in visual functions and retinal morphology over time is recommended to determine surgical indications. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) Acta Medica Okayama 0275-004X 44 10 2024 MIXED PATHOPHYSIOLOGIES OF LAMELLAR MACULAR HOLES AND RELATED DISEASES: A Multimodal Optical Coherence Tomography–Based Study 1785 1792 EN Ryo Matoba Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yuki Kanzaki Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Tetsuro Morita Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yuki Masuda Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Shuhei Kimura Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Mio M. Hosokawa Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yusuke Shiode Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yuki Morizane Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Purpose: To investigate the characteristics of mixed pathophysiologies in lamellar macular holes (LMHs) and related diseases using multimodal optical coherence tomography.<br> Methods: Overall, 126 eyes diagnosed with LMH, epiretinal membrane foveoschisis, or macular pseudohole using the horizontal B-scan image according to the definition proposed by Hubschman et al in 2020 were analyzed using multimodal optical coherence tomography imaging including horizontal and vertical 5-line B-scan, radial scan, and macular three-dimensional volume scan images. If at least two diagnostic criteria for LMH, epiretinal membrane foveoschisis, or macular pseudohole were satisfied in these scans, the patient was diagnosed as having a �gmixed type.�h Retinal traction force was quantitatively evaluated by measuring the maximum depth of the retinal folds using en-face images.<br> Results: Mixed types constituted 34.1% of the cases. The LMH-related mixed group demonstrated intermediate characteristics between the epiretinal membrane foveoschisis/macular pseudohole and true LMH groups in terms of retinal traction and LMH-specific features and had a significant positive correlation between the maximum depth of the retinal folds and mean M-CHARTS scores (P = 0.034).<br> Conclusion: A thorough optical coherence tomography analysis is necessary to accurately diagnose LMH and related diseases. A significant positive correlation was observed between the maximum depth of the retinal folds and the degree of metamorphopsia in the LMH-related mixed group. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Nature Portfolio Acta Medica Okayama 2045-2322 14 1 2024 Basic characteristics of tongue pressure and electromyography generated by articulation of a syllable using the posterior part of the tongue 20756 EN Yousuke Manda Department of Occlusal and Oral Functional Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Naoki Kodama Department of Occlusal and Oral Functional Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Keitaro Mori Department of Occlusal and Oral Functional Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Reimi Adachi Department of Occlusal and Oral Functional Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Makoto Matsugishi Department of Occlusal and Oral Functional Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Shogo Minagi Department of Occlusal and Oral Functional Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University The basic function of the tongue in pronouncing diadochokinesis and other syllables is not fully understood. This study investigates the influence of sound pressure levels and syllables on tongue pressure and muscle activity in 19 healthy adults (mean age: 28.2 years; range: 22-33 years). Tongue pressure and activity of the posterior tongue were measured using electromyography (EMG) when the velar stops /ka/, /ko/, /ga/, and /go/ were pronounced at 70, 60, 50, and 40 dB. Spearman's rank correlation revealed a significant, yet weak, positive association between tongue pressure and EMG activity (rho = 0.14, p < 0.05). Mixed-effects model analysis showed that tongue pressure and EMG activity significantly increased at 70 dB compared to other sound pressure levels. While syllables did not significantly affect tongue pressure, the syllable /ko/ significantly increased EMG activity (coefficient = 0.048, p = 0.013). Although no significant differences in tongue pressure were observed for the velar stops /ka/, /ko/, /ga/, and /go/, it is suggested that articulation is achieved by altering the activity of both extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles. These findings highlight the importance of considering both tongue pressure and muscle activity when examining the physiological factors contributing to sound pressure levels during speech. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

JMIR Publications Acta Medica Okayama 2369-3762 10 2024 Enhancing Medical Interview Skills Through AI-Simulated PatientInteractions:Nonrandomized Controlled Trial e58753 EN Akira Yamamoto Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Hospital Masahide Koda Co-learning Community Healthcare Re-innovation Office, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Hiroko Ogawa Department of Primary Care and Medical Education, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Tomoko Miyoshi Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshinobu Maeda Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Hospital Fumio Otsuka Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hideo Ino Center for Education in Medicine and Health Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background: Medical interviewing is a critical skill in clinical practice, yet opportunities for practical training are limited in Japanese medical schools, necessitating urgent measures. Given advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology, its application in the medical field is expanding. However, reports on its application in medical interviews in medical education are scarce. <br> Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether medical students' interview skills could be improved by engaging with Al-simulated patients using large language models, including the provision of feedback. <br> Methods: This nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted with fourth-year medical students in Japan. A simulation program using large language models was provided to 35 students in the intervention group in 2023, while 110 students from 2022 who did not participate in the intervention were selected as the control group. The primary outcome was the score on the Pre-Clinical Clerkship Objective Structured Clinical Examination (pre-CC OSCE), a national standardized clinical skills examination, in medical interviewing. Secondary outcomes included surveys such as the Simulation-Based Training Quality Assurance Tool (SBT-QA10), administered at the start and end of the study. <br> Results: The Al intervention group showed significantly higher scores on medical interviews than the control group (Al group vs control group: mean 28.1, SD 1.6 vs 27.1, SD 2.2; P=.01). There was a trend of inverse correlation between the SBT-QA10 and pre-CC OSCE scores (regression coefficient-2.0 to-2.1). No significant safety concerns were observed. <br> Conclusions: Education through medical interviews using Al-simulated patients has demonstrated safety and a certain level of educational effectiveness. However, at present, the educational effects of this platform on nonverbal communication skills are limited, suggesting that it should be used as a supplementary tool to traditional simulation education. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1865-0333 18 1 2024 Deep learning-based approach for acquisition time reduction in ventilation SPECT in patients after lung transplantation 47 57 EN Masahiro Nakashima Division of Radiological Technology, Okayama University Hospital Ryohei Fukui Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Seiichiro Sugimoto Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Toshihiro Iguchi Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University We aimed to evaluate the image quality and diagnostic performance of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) with lung ventilation single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images acquired briefly using a convolutional neural network (CNN) in patients after lung transplantation and to explore the feasibility of short acquisition times. We retrospectively identified 93 consecutive lung-transplant recipients who underwent ventilation SPECT/computed tomography (CT). We employed a CNN to distinguish the images acquired in full time from those acquired in a short time. The image quality was evaluated using the structural similarity index (SSIM) loss and normalized mean square error (NMSE). The correlation between functional volume/morphological volume (F/M) ratios of full-time SPECT images and predicted SPECT images was evaluated. Differences in the F/M ratio were evaluated using Bland–Altman plots, and the diagnostic performance was compared using the area under the curve (AUC). The learning curve, obtained using MSE, converged within 100 epochs. The NMSE was significantly lower (P < 0.001) and the SSIM was significantly higher (P < 0.001) for the CNN-predicted SPECT images compared to the short-time SPECT images. The F/M ratio of full-time SPECT images and predicted SPECT images showed a significant correlation (r = 0.955, P < 0.0001). The Bland–Altman plot revealed a bias of -7.90% in the F/M ratio. The AUC values were 0.942 for full-time SPECT images, 0.934 for predicted SPECT images and 0.872 for short-time SPECT images. Our findings suggest that a deep-learning-based approach can significantly curtail the acquisition time of ventilation SPECT, while preserving the image quality and diagnostic accuracy for CLAD. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI Acta Medica Okayama 2673-7078 3 4 2023 Estimation of the Effects of Achilles Tendon Geometry on the Magnitude and Distribution of Local Strain: A Finite Element Analysis 583 595 EN Shota Enomoto Institute for Promotion of Education and Campus Life, Okayama University Toshiaki Oda Graduate School of Education, Hyogo University of Teacher Education We investigated the influence of Achilles tendon (AT) geometry on local-strain magnitude and distribution during loading, using finite element analysis. We calculated the following eight AT parameters for 18 healthy men: thickness and width of the most distal part, minimum cross-sectional area (mCSA), and most proximal part; length; and position of the mCSA. To investigate the effect of AT geometry on the magnitude and distribution of local strain, we created three-dimensional numerical models by changing the AT parameter values for every one standard deviation (SD) in the range of �}2 SD. A 4000 N lengthening force was applied to the proximal surface of all the models. The mean first principal strain (FPS) was determined every 3% of the length. The highest FPS in each model was mainly observed in the proximal regions; the 86–89% site (the most proximal site was set at 100%) had the highest number of models with the highest FPS (nine models). The highest FPS was observed in the model with a distal thickness of �|2 SD, which was 27.1% higher than that of the standard model observed in the 2–5% site. Therefore, the AT geometry influences local-strain magnitude and distribution during loading. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Oxford University Press Acta Medica Okayama 2473-4039 8 8 2024 Macrophages modulate mesenchymal stem cell function via tumor necrosis factor alpha in tooth extraction model ziae085 EN Aung Ye Mun Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kentaro Akiyama Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Ziyi Wang Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Jiewen Zhang Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Wakana Kitagawa Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Teisaku Kohno Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Ryuji Tagashira Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kei Ishibashi Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Naoya Matsunaga Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Tingling Zou Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Mitsuaki Ono Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Takuo Kuboki Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and macrophages collaboratively contribute to bone regeneration after injury. However, detailed mechanisms underlying the interaction between MSCs and inflammatory macrophages (M1) remain unclear. A macrophage-depleted tooth extraction model was generated in 5-wk-old female C57BL/6J mice using clodronate liposome (12.5 mg/kg/mouse, intraperitoneally) or saline injection (control) before maxillary first molar extraction. Mice were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 after tooth extraction (n = 4). Regenerated bone volume evaluation of tooth extraction socket (TES) and histochemical analysis of CD80+M1, CD206+M2 (anti-inflammatory macrophages), PDGFRƒ¿+MSC, and TNF-ƒ¿+ cells were performed. In vitro, isolated MSCs with or without TNF-ƒ¿ stimulation (10 ng/mL, 24 h, n = 3) were bulk RNA-sequenced (RNA-Seq) to identify TNF-ƒ¿ stimulation-specific MSC transcriptomes. Day 7 micro-CT and HE staining revealed significantly lower mean bone volume (clodronate vs control: 0.01 mm3 vs 0.02 mm3, p<.0001) and mean percentage of regenerated bone area per total TES in clodronate group (41.97% vs 54.03%, p<.0001). Clodronate group showed significant reduction in mean number of CD80+, TNF-ƒ¿+, PDGFRƒ¿+, and CD80+TNF-ƒ¿+ cells on day 5 (306.5 vs 558.8, p<.0001; 280.5 vs 543.8, p<.0001; 365.0 vs 633.0, p<.0001, 29.0 vs 42.5, p<.0001), while these cells recovered significantly on day 7 (493.3 vs 396.0, p=.0004; 479.3 vs 384.5, p=.0008; 593.0 vs 473.0, p=.0010, 41.0 vs 32.5, p=.0003). RNA-Seq analysis showed that 15 genes (|log2FC| > 5.0, log2TPM > 5) after TNF-ƒ¿ stimulation were candidates for regulating MSC�fs immunomodulatory capacity. In vivo, Clec4e and Gbp6 are involved in inflammation and bone formation. Clec4e, Gbp6, and Cxcl10 knockdown increased osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro. Temporal reduction followed by apparent recovery of TNF-ƒ¿-producing M1 macrophages and MSCs after temporal macrophage depletion suggests that TNF-ƒ¿ activated MSCs during TES healing. In vitro mimicking the effect of TNF-ƒ¿ on MSCs indicated that there are 15 candidate MSC genes for regulation of immunomodulatory capacity. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0172-0643 46 6 2024 Pulmonary Flow Management by Combination Therapy of Hemostatic Clipping and Balloon Angioplasty for Right Ventricular-Pulmonary Artery Shunt in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome 1635 1642 EN Yusuke Shigemitsu Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Maiko Kondo Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Yoshihiko Kurita Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Yosuke Fukushima Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Yuya Kawamoto Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Kenta Hirai Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Mayuko Hara Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Tomoyuki Kanazawa Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Okayama University Hospital Tatsuo Iwasaki Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Okayama University Hospital Shingo Kasahara Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Okayama University Hospital Koichi Kataoka Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Hirokazu Tsukahara Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Kenji Baba Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Controlling pulmonary blood flow in patients who have undergone Norwood palliation, especially early postoperatively, is challenging due to a change in the balance of systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance. We applied a combination therapy of clipping and balloon angioplasty for right ventricle�\pulmonary artery (RV-PA) shunt to control pulmonary blood flow, but the influence of the combination therapy on the PA condition is uncertain. Retrospectively analysis was conducted of all infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who had undergone Norwood palliation with RV-PA shunt at Okayama University Hospital from January 2008 to September 2022. A total of 50 consecutive patients underwent Norwood palliation with RV-PA shunt in this study period. Of them, 29 patients underwent RV-PA shunt flow clipping, and the remaining 21 had unclipped RV-PA shunt. Twenty-three patients underwent balloon angioplasty for RV-PA shunt with clips. After balloon angioplasty, oxygen saturation significantly increased from 69 (59–76)% to 80 (72–86)% (p < 0.001), and the narrowest portion of the clipped conduit significantly improved from 2.8 (1.8–3.4) to 3.8 (2.9–4.6) mm (p < 0.001). In cardiac catheterizations prior to Bidirectional cavo-pulmonary shunt (BCPS), there were no significant differences in pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs), ventricular end-diastolic pressure, Nakata index, arterial saturation, mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance index. On the other hand, in Cardiac catheterizations prior to Fontan, Nakata index was larger in the clipped group (p = 0.02). There was no statistically significant difference in the 5-year survival between the two groups (clipped group 96%, unclipped group 74%, log-rank test: p = 0.13). At least, our combination therapy of clipping and balloon angioplasty for RV-PA shunt did not negatively impact PA growth. Although there is a trend toward better but not statistically significant difference in outcomes in the clipped group compared to the non-clipped group, this treatment strategy may play an important role in improving outcomes in hypoplastic left heart syndrome. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Chemical Society (ACS) Acta Medica Okayama 0022-3263 89 14 2024 Formal One Carbon Deletion of Indoline Hemiaminals under Tautomeric Control to Access 2-Aminobenzyl Compounds 10349 10354 EN Keisuke Tokushige Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Takumi Abe Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Unprecedented tert-BuOK-mediated one carbon deletion of indoline hemiaminals has been achieved. This novel protocol provides an efficient synthetic tool for the construction of 2-aminobenzyl compounds with high chemoselectivity. In addition, functionalized 2-aminobenzyl compounds are difficult to make, for which few limited means of access currently exist. The key to success is the use of in situ generated Heyns rearrangement products (ƒ¿-amino carbonyl compounds) as precursors for formal one carbon deletion. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

‰ªŽR‘åŠwŒo�ÏŠw‰ï Acta Medica Okayama 2433-4146 56 1 2024 ’n•û‘n�¶‘æ‚PŠú‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŠé‹Æ‚ÌŽQ“ü‚Æ“P‘Þ�F‰ñ“]ƒhƒAŒ^Œo�Ï‚©‘n‘¢“I”j‰ó‚© 1 28 EN Ryohei Nakamura 10.18926/OER/67485 �@The growth of the regional economy needs an economic metabolism in which high-productivity firms newly enter the market, while low-productivity firms exit the market, resulting in a shift in labor and other production factors. A�g revolving door�h economy is an economy in which firms that enter the market have a short existence period, withdraw and enter the market repeatedly, and new entrants do not contribute to productivity improvement. This means that if new entrants are not sufficiently innovative compared to incumbents, even if the rate of entry into business rises, they will simply be replaced by firms whose productivity level has not changed much, and this will not lead to job creation or improving productivity. A contrasting concept is the replacement of firms by Schumpeter's �gcreative destruction.�h The high level of technology and productivity of new firms entering the market drives inefficient incumbents out of the market. Looking at the statistics, there is a tendency for both large cities to have higher business entry and exit rates, but the difference between the entry and exit rates is greater in metropolitan areas. Although it depends on the regional characteristics, location competitiveness is generally higher in metropolitan areas, and there is a tendency for the turnover rate to be high or the survival period to be short. Before and after regional revitalization, we will examine whether or not there is a departure from the revolving door economy by industry and region, using economic census and TSR �iTokyo Shoko Research�j data. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier Acta Medica Okayama 0958-3947 49 4 2024 Evaluation of the trend of set-up errors during the treatment period using set-up margin in prostate radiotherapy 291 297 EN Hinako Sasaki Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Medical School Takumi Morishita Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Medical School Naho Irie Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Medical School Rena Kojima Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Medical School Tetsukazu Kiriyama Department of Radiology, Uwajima City Hospital Akira Nakamoto Department of Radiology, Tokuyama Central Hospital Kunio Nishioka Department of Radiology, Tokuyama Central Hospital Shotaro Takahashi Department of Radiology, Tokuyama Central Hospital Yoshinori Tanabe Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Accurate information on set-up error during radiotherapy is essential for determining the optimal number of treatments in hypofractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer. This necessitates careful control by the radiotherapy staff to assess the patient's condition. This study aimed to develop an evaluation method of the temporal trends in a patient's specific prostate movement during treatment using image matching and margin values. This study included 65 patients who underwent prostate volumetric modulated arc therapy (mean treatment time, 87.2 s). Set-up errors were assessed using bone, inter-, and intra-fraction marker matching across 39 fractions. The set-up margin was determined by dividing the four periods into 39 fractions using Stroom's formula and correlation coefficient. The intra-fraction set-up error was biased in the anterior-superior (AS) direction during treatment. The temporal trend of set-up errors during radiotherapy slightly increased based on bone matching and inter-fraction marker matching, with a 1.6-mm difference in the set-up margin fractions 11 to 20. The correlation coefficient of the mean prostate movement during treatment significantly decreased in the superior-inferior direction, while remaining high in the left-right and anterior-posterior directions. Image matching contributed significantly to the improvement of set-up errors; however, careful attention is needed for prostate movement in the AS direction, particularly during short treatment times. Understanding the trend of set-up errors during the treatment period is essential in numerical information sharing on patient condition and evaluating the margins for tailored hypo-fractionated radiotherapy, considering the facility's image-guided radiation therapy technology. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 1360-2322 37 4 2024 Optimising the oral midazolam dose for premedication in people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism spectrum disorder e13265 EN Hitoshi Higuchi Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Okayama University Hospital Kota Miyake Department of Dental Anesthesiology and Special Care Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Saki Miyake Department of Dental Anesthesiology and Special Care Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Maki Fujimoto Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Okayama University Hospital Yukiko Nishioka Department of Dental Anesthesiology and Special Care Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shigeru Maeda Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Okayama University Hospital Takuya Miyawaki Department of Dental Anesthesiology and Special Care Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background: In people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism spectrum disorder, oral midazolam (OM) is very effective as premedication for facilitating medical treatment. In this retrospective study, we investigated the optimal dosage of OM for premedication.<br> Methods: Patients with intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder who were given OM as a premedication were selected from anaesthesia records. The primary outcome variable was the dose of OM (mg/kg) required to produce an adequate sedation.<br> Results: The mean OM dose required was 0.32 �} 0.10 mg/kg. The required OM dose decreased significantly as age and weight increased, and age and weight were also shown to be significantly associated with the dose of OM in the multivariate linear regression analysis.<br> Conclusion: The dosage of OM to achieve adequate sedation should decrease as the patient ages. Furthermore, adequate sedation can be achieved with even lower doses of OM in obese people. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier Taiwan Acta Medica Okayama 1875-9572 65 3 2024 Postnatal longitudinal analysis of serum nitric oxide and eosinophil counts in extremely preterm infants 276 281 EN Hirokazu Watanabe Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University Yosuke Washio Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University Kei Tamai Department of Neonatology, Okayama Medical Center, National Hospital Organization Daisaku Morimoto Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University Tomoka Okamura Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University Junko Yoshimoto Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University Hidehiko Nakanishi Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Tokyo Women�fs Medical University Misao Kageyama Department of Neonatology, Okayama Medical Center, National Hospital Organization Atsushi Uchiyama Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Tokyo Women�fs Medical University Hirokazu Tsukahara Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University Satoshi Kusuda Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Tokyo Women�fs Medical University Background: Nitric oxide (NO) may be related to the pathogenesis of several morbidities in extremely preterm infants, including late-onset adrenal insufficiency. However, eosinophilia is observed under pathological conditions with adrenal insufficiency. Therefore, this study explored postnatal changes in NO levels and eosinophil counts in extremely preterm infants with and without morbidities.<br> Methods: Nineteen extremely preterm infants with a median gestational age of 27.0 weeks and median birth weight of 888 g were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and peripheral blood eosinophil counts were measured at birth and every 2 weeks thereafter. Morbidities of the study group were diagnosed using a single criterion.<br> Results: Serum NOx levels (mean �} standard deviation) were 22.5 �} 14.9 ƒÊmol/L, 51.2 �} 23.7 ƒÊmol/L, 42.4 �} 15.2 ƒÊmol/L, and 33.8 �} 9.4 ƒÊmol/L at birth and 2, 4, and 6 weeks of age, respectively. The serum NOx level at 2 weeks of age was significantly higher than that at birth and 6 weeks of age. Eosinophil counts, which increase with adrenal insufficiency, were measured simultaneously and were 145 �} 199/ƒÊL, 613 �} 625/ƒÊL, 466 �} 375/ƒÊL, and 292 �} 228/ƒÊL at birth and 2, 4, and 6 weeks of age, respectively. These values showed that the eosinophil count was significantly higher at 2 weeks of age than at birth and 6 weeks of age. The serum NOx level of infants without chorioamnionitis was significantly increased at 4 weeks of age, and the eosinophil count of infants with necrotizing enterocolitis was significantly increased at 2 weeks of age. No correlation with the NOx level or eosinophil count was observed in infants with late-onset circulatory collapse.<br> Conclusion: The postnatal serum NOx level and eosinophil count were significantly correlated with each other and peaked at 2 weeks of age. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Hindawi Acta Medica Okayama 2090-8113 2024 2024 Circadian Rhythms Fluctuate the Treatment Effects of Intravesical Treatments on Rat Urinary Frequency Models 6505595 EN Tomofumi Watanabe Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takuya Sadahira Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yusuke Tominaga Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Maruyama Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Naoya Nagasaki Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takanori Sekito Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kohei Edamura Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toyohiko Watanabe Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Motoo Araki Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masami Watanabe Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Objectives. It is still not clear how the intravesical instillation of drugs affects rat urinary frequency. This study aimed to examine the dynamics of intravesical treatments' treatment effect on rat urinary frequency models by real-time and extended monitoring using a novel continuous urination monitoring system. Methods. Nine eleven-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into three groups to receive intravesical instillation of 0.1% acetic acid (AA), 1.0% AA, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Thirty minutes later, these drugs were voided, and rats were moved to a continuous urination monitoring system, UM-100. UM-100 monitored rat urination quantitatively and continuously for 24 hours. Rats were then euthanized, and histopathologic examinations using a damage score validated the severity of bladder inflammation. We used nine additional rats to determine the treatment effect of various drugs against the urinary frequency. These rats were also treated with 1.0% AA in the same way and divided into three groups (n = 3 each) to receive intravesical instillation of lidocaine, silver nitrate (AgNO3), or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), respectively. Thirty minutes later, rats were catheterized again and moved to the UM-100, and their voiding was monitored for 24 hours. Results. Intravesical instillation of AA increased the urinary frequency and decreased the mean voided volume (VV) in a concentration-dependent manner, with statistical significance at a concentration of 1.0% (urinary frequency; p = 0.0007 , mean VV; p = 0.0032 , respectively) compared with PBS. Histopathological analysis of these models demonstrated a significantly higher damage score of bladder mucosa in both 0.1% AA and 1.0% AA compared with PBS, with the severity in concordance with the clinical severity of urinary frequency (0.1% AA: p < 0.0001 , 1.0% AA: p < 0.0001 ). Moreover, intravesical instillation of lidocaine, AgNO3, and DMSO decreased the urinary frequency. Continuous monitoring with UM-100 also demonstrated that the treatment effect of these intravesically instilled drugs occurred only at night. Conclusions. The extended monitoring of rat urination by UM-100 revealed a significant fluctuation in the treatment effect of intravesically instilled drugs between day and night. These findings may help establish novel therapies for urinary frequency. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier Acta Medica Okayama 2352-1864 35 2024 Effects of cellulose nanofibers on soil water retention and aggregate stability 103650 EN An Thuy Ngo Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Yasushi Mori Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Long Thanh Bui Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Innovative solutions that address global challenges such as water scarcity and soil erosion are critical for maintaining sustainable agriculture. Due to their water-absorbing and soil-binding properties, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) can be applied to soil to enhance soil water retention and aggregate stability. In this study, we analyzed the effects of the drying temperature, dosage, irrigation water quality, and soil type on the efficacy of CNFs. Our results revealed that CNF dried at 5 degrees C is more effective at absorbing water than others, and adding 1% CNF enhanced soil water content up to 98%. The CNF samples absorbed water due to their hydrophilic molecular groups and morphological structure, as confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. CNF addition increased the soil volumetric water content and prolonged water retention by 22 days in the paddy soil samples, highlighting its potential for drought-prone areas. Furthermore, irrigation water quality, such as pH and cation values, influenced the interactions between CNF and water molecules, suggesting adjustments to the water retention curve. In its hydrated state, CNF promotes colloid flocculation and binds to soil particles, thereby strengthening the bonds crucial for aggregate formation and stability. CNF enhanced macro-aggregate formation by up to 48% and 59% in the masa and paddy soil samples, respectively. Our study emphasizes the potential of CNF for water conservation, soil health, and overall agricultural sustainability. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI Acta Medica Okayama 2313-7673 9 5 2024 Clinical Application of Unidirectional Porous Hydroxyapatite to Bone Tumor Surgery and Other Orthopedic Surgery 294 EN Toshiyuki Kunisada Department of Medical Materials for Musculoskeletal Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Eiji Nakata Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomohiro Fujiwara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiaki Hata Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kohei Sato Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Haruyoshi Katayama Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ayana Kondo Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Unidirectional porous hydroxyapatite (UDPHAp) was developed as a remarkable scaffold characterized by a distinct structure with unidirectional pores oriented in the horizontal direction and connected through interposes. We evaluated the radiographic changes, clinical outcomes, and complications following UDPHAp implantation for the treatment of bone tumors. Excellent bone formation within and around the implant was observed in all patients treated with intralesional resection and UDPHAp implantation for benign bone tumors. The absorption of UDPHAp and remodeling of the bone marrow space was observed in 45% of the patients at a mean of 17 months postoperatively and was significantly more common in younger patients. Preoperative cortical thinning was completely regenerated in 84% of patients at a mean of 10 months postoperatively. No complications related to the implanted UDPHAp were observed. In a pediatric patient with bone sarcoma, when the defect after fibular resection was filled with UDPHAp implants, radiography showed complete resorption of the implant and clear formation of cortex and marrow in the resected part of the fibula. The patient could walk well without crutches and participate in sports activities. UDPHAp is a useful bone graft substitute for the treatment of benign bone tumors, and the use of this material has a low complication rate. We also review and discuss the potential of UDPHAp as a bone graft substitute in the clinical setting of orthopedic surgery. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

BMC Acta Medica Okayama 1475-2840 23 1 2024 Prognostic value of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease over coronary computed tomography angiography findings: comparison with no-alcoholic fatty liver disease 167 EN Takahiro Nishihara Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toru Miyoshi Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Mitsutaka Nakashima Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Takashi Miki Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Hironobu Toda Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Masatoki Yoshida Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Keishi Ichikawa Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kazuhiro Osawa Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School General Medicine Centre Shinsuke Yuasa Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Background Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the proposed name change for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to investigate the association of cardiovascular disease risk with MASLD and NAFLD in patients who underwent clinically indicated coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). <br> Methods This retrospective study included 2289 patients (60% men; mean age: 68 years) with no history of coronary artery disease who underwent CCTA. The steatotic liver was defined as a hepatic-to-spleen attenuation ratio of < 1.0 on CT just before CCTA. MASLD is defined as the presence of hepatic steatosis along with at least one of the five cardiometabolic risk factors. Adverse CCTA findings were defined as obstructive and/or high-risk plaques. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) encompassed composite coronary events, including cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndrome, and late coronary revascularization. <br> Results MASLD and NAFLD were identified in 415 (18%) and 368 (16%) patients, respectively. Adverse CCTA findings were observed in 40% and 38% of the patients with MASLD and with NAFLD, respectively. Adverse CCTA findings were significantly associated with MASLD (p = 0.007) but not NAFLD (p = 0.253). During a median follow-up of 4.4 years, 102 (4.4%) MACE were observed. MASLD was significantly associated with MACE (hazard ratio 1.82, 95% CI 1.18-2.83, p = 0.007), while its association with NAFLD was not significant (p = 0.070). By incorporating MASLD into a prediction model of MACE, including the risk score and adverse CCTA findings, global chi-squared values significantly increased from 87.0 to 94.1 (p = 0.008). Conclusions Patients with MASLD are likely to have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease than those with NAFLD. Concurrent assessment of MASLD during CCTA improves the identification of patients at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease among those with clinically indicated CCTA. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1936-0533 17 5 2023 Oxidative stress-related markers as prognostic factors for patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis in Japan 1215 1224 EN Atsushi Oyama Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Akinobu Takaki Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takuya Adachi Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nozomu Wada Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasuto Takeuchi Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hideki Onishi Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hidenori Shiraha Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Okada Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Motoyuki Otsuka Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background/purpose Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare chronic liver disease. The mechanisms and prediction of PSC progression are unclear. Recent investigations have shown that general conditions, such as oxidative stress, affect the course of chronic diseases. We investigated the clinical course and oxidative stress-related condition of PSC to determine prognostic factors.<br> Methods We recruited 58 patients with PSC (mean age; 37.4 years, mean observation period; 1382 days) who visited our department from 2003 to 2021. Clinical characteristics were investigated to define prognostic factors. Oxidative stress status was evaluated using two types of markers: an oxidative stress marker (serum reactive oxygen metabolite; dROM) and an antioxidant marker (serum OXY adsorbent test; OXY).<br> Results The revised Mayo risk, Child–Pugh, model for end-stage liver disease-sodium (MELD-Na) scores or fibrosis-related FIB-4 index significantly predicted poor overall survival. High intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels predicted poor survival. Among patients with high and intermediate revised Mayo risk scores, those with physiologically high dROM levels showed better survival than those with lower dROM levels. In this population, dROM was negatively correlated with AST and IgA, which are both correlated with survival.<br> Conclusions High and intermediate revised Mayo risk score group predicted a poor clinical course in PSC. Additionally, the Child–Pugh score, MELD-Na score, FIB-4 index, and serum IgA were significantly correlated with survival. In patients with high and intermediate revised Mayo risk scores, physiologically high oxidative stress status correlated with low IgA levels and a good prognosis.<br> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1865-0333 16 4 2023 Investigation of uncertainty in internal target volume definition for lung stereotactic body radiotherapy 497 505 EN Daiki Nakanishi Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University Masataka Oita Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University Jun-Ichi Fukunaga Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital Taka-Aki Hirose Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital Tadamasa Yoshitake Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Motoharu Sasaki Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University This study evaluated the validity of internal target volumes (ITVs) defined by three- (3DCT) and four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT), and subsequently compared them with actual movements during treatment. Five patients with upper lobe lung tumors were treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) at 48 Gy in four fractions. Planning 3DCT images were acquired with peak-exhale and peak-inhale breath-holds, and 4DCT images were acquired in the cine mode under free breathing. Cine images were acquired using an electronic portal imaging device during irradiation. Tumor coverage was evaluated based on the manner in which the peak-to-peak breathing amplitude on the planning CT covered the range of tumor motion (�} 3 SD) during irradiation in the left–right, anteroposterior, and cranio-caudal (CC) directions. The mean tumor coverage of the 4DCT-based ITV was better than that of the 3DCT-based ITV in the CC direction. The internal margin should be considered when setting the irradiation field for 4DCT. The proposed 4DCT-based ITV can be used as an efficient approach in free-breathing SBRT for upper-lobe tumors of the lung because its coverage is superior to that of 3DCT. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

PeerJ Acta Medica Okayama 2167-8359 12 2024 Heterogeneity of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of Metabolic Syndrome onset at a Japanese campus e17013 EN Toshiharu Mitsuhashi Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Background. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak began in China in December 2019, with the World Health Organization declaring a state of emergency in January 2020. Worldwide implementation of lockdown measures to slow the spread of the virus led to reduced physical activity, disrupted eating habits, mental health issues, and sleep disturbances, which increased the risk of lifestyle -related diseases such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers, especially intensive care workers, experienced longer working hours and burnout, which further increased the risk of lifestyle -related diseases. Accordingly, it is important to identify individuals at a risk of new -onset MetS during a pandemic, which could direct preventive interventions. This study aimed to assess the heterogeneous impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of new -onset MetS based on the conditional average treatment effect (CATE) and to identify at -risk populations. <br> Methods. This study analyzed health checkup data obtained from Okayama University Shikata Campus workers using paired baseline and follow-up years. Baseline data encompassed 2017 to 2019, with respective follow-up data from 2018 to 2020. Furthermore, as the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan began in January 2020, workers who underwent follow-up health checkups in 2018 to 2019 and 2020 were considered as "unexposed"and "exposed,"respectively. As the Shikata campus has several departments, comparisons among departments were made. The primary outcome was new -onset MetS at follow-up. Predictor variables included baseline health checkup results, sex, age, and department (administrative, research, medical, or intensive care department). X -learner was used to calculate the CATE. <br> Results. This study included 3,572 eligible individuals (unexposed, n = 2,181; exposed, n = 1,391). Among them, 1,544 (70.8%) and 866 (62.3%) participants in the unexposed and exposed groups, respectively, were females. The mean age (+/- standard deviation) of the unexposed and exposed groups was 48.2 +/- 8.2 and 47.8 +/- 8.3 years, respectively. The COVID-19 pandemic increased the average probability of new -onset MetS by 4.4% in the overall population. According to the department, the intensive care department showed the highest CATE, with a 15.4% increase. Moreover, there was large heterogeneity according to the department. The high-CATE group was characterized by older age, urinary protein, elevated liver enzymes, higher triglyceride levels, and a history of hyperlipidemia treatment. <br> Conclusions. This study demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic increased the incidence of new -onset MetS, with this effect showing heterogeneity at a single Japanese campus. Regarding specific populations, workers in the intensive care department showed an increased risk of new -onset MetS. At -risk populations require specific preventive interventions in case the current COVID-19 pandemic persists or a new pandemic occurs. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

BMC Acta Medica Okayama 1471-230X 24 1 2024 Endoscopic manifestation of intestinal transplant-associated microangiopathy after stem cell transplantation 140 EN Masaya Iwamuro Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Daisuke Ennishi Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nobuharu Fujii Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ken-Ichi Matsuoka Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takehiro Tanaka Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshihiro Inokuchi Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Sakiko Hiraoka Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Motoyuki Otsuka Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background Endoscopic features of intestinal transplant-associated microangiopathy (iTAM) have not been comprehensively investigated. This study aimed to examine the endoscopic characteristics of patients diagnosed with iTAM.<br> Methods This retrospective analysis included 14 patients pathologically diagnosed with iTAM after stem cell transplantation for hematolymphoid neoplasms (n = 13) or thalassemia (n = 1). The sex, age at diagnosis, endoscopic features, and prognosis of each patient were assessed. Serological markers for diagnosing transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy were also evaluated.<br> Results The mean age at the time of iTAM diagnosis was 40.2 years. Patients diagnosed based on the pathognomonic pathological changes of iTAM presented with diverse symptoms at the times of endoscopic examinations, including diarrhea (n = 10), abdominal pain (n = 5), nausea (n = 4), appetite loss (n = 2), bloody stools (n = 2), abdominal discomfort (n = 1), and vomiting (n = 1). At the final follow-up, six patients survived, while eight patients succumbed, with a median time of 100.5 days (range: 52-247) post-diagnosis. Endoscopic manifestations included erythematous mucosa (n = 14), erosions (n = 13), ulcers (n = 9), mucosal edema (n = 9), granular mucosa (n = 9), and villous atrophy (n = 4). Erosions and/or ulcers were primarily observed in the colon (10/14, 71%), followed by the ileum (9/13, 69%), stomach (4/10, 40%), cecum (5/14, 36%), duodenum (3/10, 30%), rectum (4/14, 29%), and esophagus (1/10, 10%). Cytomegalovirus infection (n = 4) and graft-versus-host disease (n = 2) coexisted within the gastrointestinal tract. Patients had de novo prolonged or progressive thrombocytopenia (6/14, 43%), decreased hemoglobin concentration (4/14, 29%), reduced serum haptoglobin level (3/14, 21%), and a sudden and persistent increase in lactate dehydrogenase level (2/14, 14%). Peripheral blood samples from 12 patients were evaluated for schistocytes, with none exceeding 4%.<br> Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive exploration of the endoscopic characteristics of iTAM. Notably, all patients exhibited erythematous mucosa throughout the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by prevalent manifestations, such as erosions (93%), ulcers (64%), mucosal edema (64%), granular mucosa (64%), and villous atrophy (29%). Because of the low positivity for serological markers of transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy in patients with iTAM, endoscopic evaluation and biopsy of these lesions are crucial, even in the absence of these serological features. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0910-8327 38 9 2023 Prognostic value of the liver fibrosis marker fibrosis-5 index in patients with severe isolated tricuspid regurgitation: comparison with fibrosis-4 index 1181 1189 EN Mitsutaka Nakashima Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toru Miyoshi Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Machiko Tanakaya Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Hospital Organization Iwakuni Clinical Center Takaaki Saito Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Hospital Organization Iwakuni Clinical Center Yusuke Katayama Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Hospital Organization Iwakuni Clinical Center Satoru Sakuragi Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Hospital Organization Iwakuni Clinical Center Yoichi Takaya Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroshi Ito Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences The fibrosis-4 index (FIB4), a liver fibrosis maker, has been shown to be associated with the prognosis in patients with severe isolated tricuspid regurgitation (TR). Recent study showed that the fibrosis-5 index (FIB5), which was calculated by albumin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase and platelet count, had better prognostic value than FIB4 in patients with heart failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of FIB5 index for predicting prognosis in patients with severe isolated TR and compare the prognostic value between the FIB4 and the FIB5 in those patients. This was a dual-center, retrospective study. 113 consecutive outpatients with severe isolated TR (mean age, 65.8 years; 47.8% male) were analyzed. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were defined as the composite of cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. During a median follow-up of 3.0 years, 41 MACEs occurred. Patients with MACEs had a lower the FIB5 than patients without MACEs. The multivariate Cox analysis revealed that the FIB5 < -4.30 was significantly associated with higher incidence of MACEs after adjusted by confounding factors. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses showed that prognostic values did not differ between the FIB5 and the FIB4 in whole patients and in patients aged ≥ 70 years; while, in patients aged < 70 years, the FIB5 had better prognostic value than the FIB4. The FIB5 may be a useful predictor of MACEs in patients with severe isolated TR. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) Acta Medica Okayama 1359-6640 249 2024 How do water-mediated interactions and osmotic second virial coefficients vary with particle size? 440 452 EN Hidefumi Naito Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University Tomonari Sumi Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University Kenichiro Koga Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University We examine quantitatively the solute-size dependences of the effective interactions between nonpolar solutes in water and in a simple liquid. The potential w(r) of mean force and the osmotic second virial coefficients B are calculated with high accuracy from molecular dynamics simulations. As the solute diameter increases from methane's to C60's with the solute–solute and solute–solvent attractive interaction parameters fixed to those for the methane–methane and methane–water interactions, the first minimum of w(r) lowers from �|1.1 to �|4.7 in units of the thermal energy kT. Correspondingly, the magnitude of B (<0) increases proportional to ƒÐƒ¿ with some power close to 6 or 7, which reinforces the solute-size dependence of B found earlier for a smaller range of ƒÐ [H. Naito, R. Okamoto, T. Sumi and K. Koga, J. Chem. Phys., 2022, 156, 221104]. We also demonstrate that the strength of the attractive interactions between solute and solvent molecules can qualitatively change the characteristics of the effective pair interaction between solute particles, both in water and in a simple liquid. If the solute–solvent attractive force is set to be weaker (stronger) than a threshold, the effective interaction becomes increasingly attractive (repulsive) with increasing solute size. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1867-1071 42 4 2023 Time course of complications after small renal mass biopsy: evaluation of initial follow-up images 398 405 EN Soichiro Kajita Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Toshihiro Iguchi Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Yusuke Matsui Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Koji Tomita Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Mayu Uka Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Noriyuki Umakoshi Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Takahiro Kawabata Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Kazuaki Munetomo Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Takao Hiraki Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Purpose To retrospectively assess the time course of complications after image-guided small renal mass biopsy using initial follow-up imaging.<br> Materials and methods A total of 190 masses (mean, 2.1 �} 0.70 cm; range, 0.6–3.8 cm) were assessed using initial computed tomography (43 non-enhanced and 141 enhanced) or magnetic resonance imaging (five non-enhanced and one enhanced) after biopsy. Initial follow-up imaging was classified into two groups (i.e., with or without hematoma) and various factors were compared.<br> Results The masses were histologically diagnosed in all patients except one. Post-procedural complications included 129 Grade I hematomas, 1 Grade I hemothorax, 9 Grade II hematomas, and 1 Grade IIIa pneumothorax. Residual 28 Grade I and 6 Grade II hematomas and 8 new complications (6 small hematomas, 1 pseudoaneurysm, and 1 arteriovenous fistula) were observed on the initial follow-up imaging obtained at a median of 21 days (3–90 days) after the biopsy. On the initial follow-up imaging, the groups with and without hematoma differed significantly in the following factors: age (P = 0.04), size (P = 0.02), guided images (P < 0.01), hematoma at the end of the procedure (P < 0.01), and days after biopsy (P < 0.01). Although three masses exhibited > 25% shrinkage, no significant change was observed in mass diameter on initial follow-up imaging (mean, 2.1 �} 0.71 cm; P = 0.90).<br> Conclusion Initial follow-up imaging after a biopsy revealed improvements in most of the complications, a few new complications, and an unchanged mass diameter. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1867-1071 42 3 2023 Prospective evaluation of core number of biopsy for renal tumor: are multiple cores preferable? 319 325 EN Toshihiro Iguchi Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Yusuke Matsui Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Tomohiro Toji Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jun Sakurai Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Koji Tomita Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Mayu Uka Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Noriyuki Umakoshi Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Takahiro Kawabata Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Kazuaki Munetomo Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Toshiharu Mitsuhashi Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Takao Hiraki Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Purpose This single-center, single-arm, prospective, open-label study was conducted to evaluate the optimal number of cores (single or multiple) in renal tumor biopsy.<br> Materials and methods Forty-four biopsies of 44 tumors (mean diameter, 2.7 �} 1.0 cm; range, 1.6–5.0 cm) were included. Biopsy was performed under ultrasound or computed tomography fluoroscopy guidance using an 18-gauge cutting needle and the co-axial method. Two or more specimens were obtained, which were divided into first and subsequent specimens. �gFirst specimen�h and �gall specimens�h were histologically evaluated (i.e., appropriateness of specimen, histological diagnosis, subtype, and Fuhrman grade of renal cell carcinoma [RCC]) blindly and independently by two board-certified pathologists.<br> Results Multiple specimens were successfully and safely obtained in all the biopsies. All tumors were histologically diagnosed; 40 malignancies included 39 RCCs and 1 solitary fibrous tumor, and 4 benign lesions included 2 angiomyolipomas, 1 oncocytoma, and 1 capillary hemangioma. In all RCCs, the subtype could be determined (32 clear cell RCCs, 4 chromophobe RCCs, and 3 papillary RCCs), and the Furman grade was determined in 38 RCCs. When only the first specimen was evaluated, 22.7% of the specimens were inappropriate for diagnosis, and 34 (77.3%) were histologically diagnosed. The diagnostic yield was significantly lower than that of all specimens (P = 0.0044). Univariate analysis revealed that smaller lesions were a significant predictor of diagnostic failure (P = 0.020).<br> Conclusion Biopsy with multiple cores significantly improved diagnostic yield. Thus, operators should obtain multiple cores during renal tumor biopsy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0025-5831 390 3 2024 Entire solutions with and without radial symmetry in balanced bistable reaction–diffusion equations 3931 3967 EN Masaharu Taniguchi Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Let n ≥ 2 be a given integer. In this paper, we assert that an n-dimensional traveling front converges to an (n�|1)-dimensional entire solution as the speed goes to infinity in a balanced bistable reaction–diffusion equation. As the speed of an n-dimensional axially symmetric or asymmetric traveling front goes to infinity, it converges to an (n�|1)-dimensional radially symmetric or asymmetric entire solution in a balanced bistable reaction–diffusion equation, respectively. We conjecture that the radially asymmetric entire solutions obtained in this paper are associated with the ancient solutions called the Angenent ovals in the mean curvature flows. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

AIP Publishing Acta Medica Okayama 0021-9606 160 9 2024 GenIce-core: Efficient algorithm for generation of hydrogen-disordered ice structures 094101 EN Masakazu Matsumoto Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Takuma Yagasaki Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University Hideki Tanaka Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute Ice is different from ordinary crystals because it contains randomness, which means that statistical treatment based on ensemble averaging is essential. Ice structures are constrained by topological rules known as the ice rules, which give them unique anomalous properties. These properties become more apparent when the system size is large. For this reason, there is a need to produce a large number of sufficiently large crystals that are homogeneously random and satisfy the ice rules. We have developed an algorithm to quickly generate ice structures containing ions and defects. This algorithm is provided as an independent software module that can be incorporated into crystal structure generation software. By doing so, it becomes possible to simulate ice crystals on a previously impossible scale. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI Acta Medica Okayama 2077-0383 13 6 2024 Enhancing Diagnostic Precision: Evaluation of Preprocessing Filters in Simple Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging for Head and Neck Tumors 1783 EN Yuki Nakamitsu Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Masahiro Kuroda Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Yudai Shimizu Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kazuhiro Kuroda Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Yuuki Yoshimura Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Suzuka Yoshida Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yoshihide Nakamura Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yuka Fukumura Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Ryo Kamizaki Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Wlla E. Al-Hammad Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Masataka Oita Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University Yoshinori Tanabe Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Kohei Sugimoto Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Irfan Sugianto Department of Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University Majd Barham Department of Dentistry and Dental Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University Nouha Tekiki Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Junichi Asaumi Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Background: Our initial clinical study using simple diffusion kurtosis imaging (SDI), which simultaneously produces a diffusion kurtosis image (DKI) and an apparent diffusion coefficient map, confirmed the usefulness of SDI for tumor diagnosis. However, the obtained DKI had noticeable variability in the mean kurtosis (MK) values, which is inherent to SDI. We aimed to improve this variability in SDI by preprocessing with three different filters (Gaussian [G], median [M], and nonlocal mean) of the diffusion-weighted images used for SDI. Methods: The usefulness of filter parameters for diagnosis was examined in basic and clinical studies involving 13 patients with head and neck tumors. Results: The filter parameters, which did not change the median MK value, but reduced the variability and significantly homogenized the MK values in tumor and normal tissues in both basic and clinical studies, were identified. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for distinguishing tumors from normal tissues using MK values, the area under curve values significantly improved from 0.627 without filters to 0.641 with G (sigma = 0.5) and 0.638 with M (radius = 0.5). Conclusions: Thus, image pretreatment with G and M for SDI was shown to be useful for improving tumor diagnosis in clinical practice. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Nature Portfolio Acta Medica Okayama 2045-2322 14 1 2024 Long-term monitoring of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in patients with extra copies of the MALT1 gene 4953 EN Masaya Iwamuro Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ryuta Takenaka Department of Internal Medicine, Tsuyama Chuo Hospital Koji Miyahara Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima City Hospital Shotaro Okanoue Department of Gastroenterology, Mitoyo General Hospital Masao Yoshioka Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital Chihiro Sakaguchi Department of Gastroenterology, Shikoku Cancer Center Kumiko Yamamoto Department of Gastroenterology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital Yoshinari Kawai Department of Gastroenterology, Onomichi Municipal Hospital Tatsuya Toyokawa Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuyama Medical Center Takehiro Tanaka Department of Pathology, Okayama University Hospital Motoyuki Otsuka Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences The objective of this study was to clarify the long-term prognosis of patients with gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma with additional copies of MALT1. In this multicenter retrospective study, we enrolled 145 patients with gastric MALT lymphoma who underwent fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis to detect t(11;18) translocation. The patient cohort was divided into three groups: Group A (n = 87), comprising individuals devoid of the t(11;18) translocation or extra MALT1 copies; Group B (n = 27), encompassing patients characterized by the presence of the t(11;18) translocation; and Group C (n = 31), including patients with extra MALT1 copies. The clinical outcomes in each cohort were collected. Over the course of a mean follow-up of 8.5 �} 4.2 years, one patient died of progressive MALT lymphoma, while 15 patients died due to etiologies unrelated to lymphoma. The progression or relapse of MALT lymphoma was observed in 11 patients: three in Group A, two in Group B, and six in Group C. In Groups A, B, and C, the 10-year overall survival rates were 82.5%, 93.8%, and 86.4%, respectively, and the 10-year event-free survival rates were 96.1%, 96.0%, and 82.9%, respectively. The event-free survival rate in Group C was significantly lower than that in Group A. However, no differences were observed in the 10-year event-free survival rates among individuals limited to stage I or II1 disease (equivalent to excluding patients with stage IV disease in this study, as there were no patients with stage II2), with rates of 98.6%, 95.8%, and 92.3% for Groups A, B, and C, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of extra copies of MALT1 was identified as an inferior prognostic determinant of event-free survival. Consequently, trisomy/tetrasomy 18 may serve as an indicator of progression and refractoriness to therapeutic intervention in patients with gastric MALT lymphoma, particularly stage IV gastric MALT lymphoma. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

BMC Acta Medica Okayama 1471-2318 24 1 2024 Long-term, patient-centered, frailty-based outcomes of older critical illness survivors from the emergency department: a post hoc analysis of the LIFE Study 257 EN Takashi Hongo Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Tetsuya Yumoto Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Mototaka Inaba Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Shunsuke Taito Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University Hospital Takashi Yorifuji Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Atsunori Nakao Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Hiromichi Naito Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University the LIFE Study Investigators Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Background Evidence indicates frailty before intensive care unit (ICU) admission leads to poor outcomes. However, it is unclear whether quality of life (QOL) and activities of daily living (ADL) for survivors of critical illness admitted to the ICU via the emergency department remain consistent or deteriorate in the long-term compared to baseline. This study aimed to evaluate long-term QOL/ADL outcomes in these patients, categorized by the presence or absence of frailty according to Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score, as well as explore factors that influence these outcomes.<br> Methods This was a post-hoc analysis of a prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted across Japan. It included survivors aged 65 years or older who were admitted to the ICU through the emergency department. Based on CFS scores, participants were categorized into either the not frail group or the frail group, using a threshold CFS score of < 4. Our primary outcome was patient-centered outcomes (QOL/ADL) measured by the five-level EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and the Barthel Index six months post-ICU admission, comparing results from baseline. Secondary outcomes included exploration of factors associated with QOL/ADL six months post-ICU admission using multiple linear regression analyses.<br> Results Of 514 candidates, 390 participants responded to the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire, while 237 responded to the Barthel Index. At six months post-admission, mean EQ-5D-5L values declined in both the not frail and frail groups (0.80 to 0.73, p = 0.003 and 0.58 to 0.50, p = 0.002, respectively); Barthel Index scores also declined in both groups (98 to 83, p < 0.001 and 79 to 61, p < 0.001, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that baseline frailty (ƒÀ coefficient, -0.15; 95% CI, �| 0.23 to �| 0.07; p < 0.001) and pre-admission EQ-5D-5L scores (ƒÀ coefficient, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.26; p = 0.016) affected EQ-5D-5L scores at six months. Similarly, baseline frailty (ƒÀ coefficient, -12.3; 95% CI, �| 23.9 to �| 0.80; p = 0.036) and Barthel Index scores (ƒÀ coefficient, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.79; p < 0.001) influenced the Barthel Index score at six months.<br> Conclusions Regardless of frailty, older ICU survivors from the emergency department were more likely to experience reduced QOL and ADL six months after ICU admission compared to baseline. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Nature Portfolio Acta Medica Okayama 2045-2322 14 1 2024 Assessing the efficacy of simulation-based education for paramedics in extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma under physician guidance 4190 EN Akiko Ohira Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jota Maki Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kohei Ageta Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hikari Nakato Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hikaru Oba Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomohiro Mitoma Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Sakurako Mishima Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazumasa Tani Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Satoe Kirino Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Eriko Eto Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Atsunori Nakao Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hisashi Masuyama Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences We investigated the effectiveness of simulation-based education in Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) to increase the number of Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) capable of performing ultrasound examinations in vehicles under the guidance of a physician. Twenty-eight paramedics watched a 14-min video on the features of the ultrasound system, its use, and the scanning method for each part of the body. Each participant performed four FAST examinations using a portable ultrasound device, and the task performance was rated using the Task Specific Checklist (TSC) and Global Rating Scale (GRS). The time required for visualizing each examination site and each FAST was assessed. The mean time required for the first and fourth FAST was 144.6 �} 52.4 s and 90.5 �} 31.0 s, respectively. The time required for each test significantly decreased with repeated testing (p < 0.001). The time to complete FAST was significantly shortened for the pericardial cavity (33.4 �} 23.1/15.3 �} 10.6 s, p < 0.01), right thoracic cavity (25.2 �} 11.8/12.1 �} 8.3 s, p < 0.01), Morrison fossa (19.1 �} 10.8/10.8 �} 6.3 s, p < 0.05), and left thoracic cavity (19.0 �} 8.3/15.6 �} 8.3 s, p < 0.05). TSC and GRS scores were elevated, and all EMTs could obtain valid images. The combination of a brief video lecture and hands-on training significantly reduced the time required for FAST performance. Moreover, repeated practice enabled the EMTs to efficiently obtain accurate and clinically useful images. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japanese Society of Internal Medicine Acta Medica Okayama 0918-2918 63 5 2024 Immunosuppressive Treatment for an anti-U1 Ribonucleoprotein Antibody-positive Patient with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension 671 676 EN Kazuya Matsumoto Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshia Miyawaki Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takayuki Katsuyama Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takato Nakadoi Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kenta Shidahara Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kei Hirose Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shoichi Nawachi Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yosuke Asano Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yu Katayama Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Eri Katsuyama Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Mariko Takano-Narazaki Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshinori Matsumoto Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Atsushi Mori Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Satoshi Akagi Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ken-Ei Sada Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jun Wada Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences A 34-year-old woman with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was admitted to the hospital. She had been diagnosed with PAH three years earlier and treated with triple vasodilator therapy. She was positive for anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein antibodies but did not show any other symptoms associated with autoimmune diseases. Corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide therapy was administered, suspecting the involvement of immunological pathophysiology. After 3 weeks, the mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 50 to 38 mmHg without any change in the vasodilators. Immunosuppressive therapy was effective in this patient with PAH with an anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein-antibody-positive response and might be an option for patients with these specific features. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Nature Portfolio Acta Medica Okayama 2045-2322 14 1 2024 Significant increase in graupel and lightning occurrence in a warmer climate simulated by prognostic graupel parameterization 3862 EN Takuro Michibata Department of Earth Science, Okayama University There is little consensus among global climate models (CGMs) regarding the response of lightning flash rates to past and future climate change, largely due to graupel not being included in models. Here a two-moment prognostic graupel scheme was incorporated into the MIROC6 GCM and applied in three experiments involving pre-industrial aerosol, present-day, and future warming simulations. The new microphysics scheme performed well in reproducing global distributions of graupel, convective available potential energy, and lightning flash rate against satellite retrievals and reanalysis datasets. The global mean lightning rate increased by 7.1% from the pre-industrial period to the present day, which was attributed to increased graupel occurrence. The impact of future warming on lightning activity was more evident, with the rate increasing by 18.4%K-1 through synergistic contributions of destabilization and increased graupel. In the Arctic, the lightning rate depends strongly on the seasonality of graupel, emphasizing the need to incorporate graupel into GCMs for more accurate climate prediction. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0340-5443 78 3 2024 Experimental quantification of genetic and ontogenetic effects on fighting behavior in the broad-horned flour beetle 34 EN Toshiki Nishitani Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural and Technology, Okayama University Kentarou Matsumura Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural and Technology, Okayama University Erik Postma Centre for Ecology & Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus Manmohan Dev Sharma Centre for Ecology & Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus David J Hosken Centre for Ecology & Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus Takahisa Miyatake Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural and Technology, Okayama University Most animal behaviors show large within- and among-individual variation, and this includes competitive male behaviors. With male fighting for example, aggressiveness often correlates with dominance, and contest duration varies with age. However, few studies have directly quantified how mean aggressiveness and contest duration, the variation among individuals in both traits, and the relationship among them, vary with age. Here we address these gaps and examine the effect of male age and genotype on two key aspects of male fighting behavior - aggressiveness (here measured as latency to fight) and contest duration - and the relationship between them. We do this using isogenic lines of the broad-horned flour beetle Gnatocerus cornutus. We observed fighting behavior of paired males of similar body size and age. Using uni- and multivariate mixed models, we show that although there was a significant difference between younger and older males in contest duration, mean aggressiveness was not affected by male age. However, the variation in aggression and fight duration varied with age, being greater in younger and older males respectively. Additionally, although there was a positive correlation between aggressiveness and contest duration in younger males, this relationship was not found in older males. Finally, the only significant genetic effect was for aggression in younger males. Our study shows that age differentially shapes key components of male fighting behavior as well as the relationship among them, highlighting the dynamic nature and context-dependence of fighting. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 78 1 2024 High Fracture Rate of AVANTA Silicone Implant Following Arthroplasty of the Thumb MCP Joint of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Boutonniere Deformities 71 78 EN Daisuke Kaneda Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Keiichiro Nishida Locomotive Pain Center, Okayama University Hospital Yoshihisa Nasu Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Ryuichi Nakahara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Ryozo Harada Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kurashiki Sweet Hospital Yoshifumi Hotta Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shuichi Naniwa Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Original Article /10.18926/AMO/66673 We retrospectively investigated the mid-term outcomes of arthroplasty using the AVANTA silicone implant for thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints with boutonniere deformity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study involved 36 thumbs of 33 RA patients with a mean follow-up period of 5.1 years (range, 2.0-13.3). Postoperatively, the mean extension was significantly increased and the mean flexion was significantly decreased (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively), resulting in the mean arc of range of motion (ROM) shifting in the direction of extension after surgery. Implant fracture was observed in 10 thumbs (28%), and 4 of these (11%) underwent revision surgery. The survivorship with implant fracture and revision surgery as endpoints were 73.4% and 91.8% at 5 years, respectively. The preoperative arc of ROM and the postoperative flexion range of the implant-fracture group were significantly greater than those in the no-implant-fracture group (p=0.039, 0.034, respectively). These results suggest the importance of patient education and careful rehabilitation to prevent excessive flexion. Overall, the AVANTA silicone implant showed a relatively high rate of implant fracture at our institute. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 78 1 2024 Significance of Continuous Low-Dose Lenvatinib for the Treating of the Patients with Unresectable Thyroid Carcinoma 63 70 EN Daizo Murakami Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kohei Nishimoto Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medicine Soshi Takao Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Satoru Miyamaru Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medicine Tomoka Kadowaki Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Haruki Saito Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medicine Hiroki Takeda Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medicine Momoko Ise Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medicine Koichi Suyama Department of Medical Oncology, Toranomon Hospital Yorihisa Orita Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medicine Original Article /10.18926/AMO/66672 The tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib has been confirmed as an effective treatment option for patients with unresectable thyroid carcinoma. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the significance of the effect of continued lenvatinib treatment for the longest duration possible at a reasonable daily dose and with a minimum discontinuation period in 42 patients with unresectable thyroid carcinoma treated with lenvatinib between 2015 and 2020. A Cox proportional hazard model-based analysis revealed that the overall survival of the patients treated with a <8 mg/day mean dose of lenvatinib was significantly better than that of the patients treated with 8-24 mg/day (hazard ratio [HR] 0.38 for 1.14-4.54 mg/day, and HR 0.01 for 4.56-7.97 mg/day) adjusted for various factors (e.g., sex, age, drug interruption period). The cumulative dose of lenvatinib administered tended to be higher in the patients treated with low doses (< 8 mg/day) than in the patients treated with relatively high doses (8-24 mg/day). Considering its adverse events, the continuation of lenvatinib treatment with an adequate daily dose and drug interruption may help prolong the survival of patients with unresectable thyroid carcinoma. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.