Multi-Objective Optimization for Decision Support for Supply Warehouse Location Under Earthquake Disaster Conditions — A Case Study in Okayama City, Japan —

In this study, we consider a Nankai Trough earthquake scenario and examine the optimal location of a new emergency supply warehouse to strengthen the emergency supply chain. Conventional facility location studies have primarily emphasized accessibility to demand points. In contrast, this study also incorporates safety based on disaster risk. We formulate an extended p-median model as a multi-objective optimization problem that simultaneously considers accessibility and safety as two evaluation criteria. Multiple scalarization methods are applied to obtain solutions under different preference settings. Numerical experiments using real-world data reveal a clear trade-off between accessibility and safety. The results also show that differences in scalarization methods affect the characteristics of the obtained solutions. Furthermore, by comparing our results with the previous study, we show that the proposed approach can flexibly derive a wide range of solutions, from distance-oriented to safety-oriented configurations. These findings provide useful insights for proposing resilient supply locations in disaster preparedness planning.

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