start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=106 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=002115 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250725 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) from the Fungal and Protist Viruses Subcommittee, 2025 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The Fungal and Protist Viruses Subcommittee (SC) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) has received a total of eight taxonomic proposals for the 2024 annual cycle. The extent of proposed changes varied, including nomenclatural updates, creation of new taxa and reorganization of established taxa. Following the ICTV procedures, all proposals were reviewed and voted upon by the members of the Executive Committee with ratification in March 2025. As a result, a total of 52 species in the families Botourmiaviridae and Marnaviridae were renamed to comply with the mandated binomial format. A new genus has been added to the dsRNA virus family Amalgaviridae, while two new families, Splipalmiviridae (Wolframvirales) and Mycoalphaviridae (Hepelivirales), were created to classify new groups of positive-sense (+) RNA mycoviruses. The class Arfiviricetes (Cressdnaviricota) was expanded by a new order Lineavirales and a new family Oomyviridae of ssDNA viruses. Additionally, a new class Orpoviricetes was created in the kingdom Orthornavirae to classify a group of bisegmented (+)RNA viruses reported from fungi and oomycetes. Finally, the order Pimascovirales was reorganized to better depict evolutionary relationships of pithoviruses and related viruses with large dsDNA genomes. The summary of updates in the taxonomy of fungal and protist viruses presented here is limited to taxa within the remit of this Subcommittee. For information on taxonomy changes on other fungal viruses closely related to animal and/or plant viruses, please see reports from sister ICTV Subcommittees (i.e. Plant Virus SC and Animal dsRNA and ssRNA(−) Viruses SC). en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SabanadzovicSead en-aut-sei=Sabanadzovic en-aut-mei=Sead kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=AbergelChantal en-aut-sei=Abergel en-aut-mei=Chantal kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=AyllónMarı́a A. en-aut-sei=Ayllón en-aut-mei=Marı́a A. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=BotellaLeticia en-aut-sei=Botella en-aut-mei=Leticia kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=CanutiMarta en-aut-sei=Canuti en-aut-mei=Marta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChibaYuto en-aut-sei=Chiba en-aut-mei=Yuto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ClaverieJean-Michel en-aut-sei=Claverie en-aut-mei=Jean-Michel kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=CouttsRobert H.A. en-aut-sei=Coutts en-aut-mei=Robert H.A. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=DaghinoStefania en-aut-sei=Daghino en-aut-mei=Stefania kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=DonaireLivia en-aut-sei=Donaire en-aut-mei=Livia kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=ForgiaMarco en-aut-sei=Forgia en-aut-mei=Marco kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=HejnaOndřej en-aut-sei=Hejna en-aut-mei=Ondřej kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=JiaJichun en-aut-sei=Jia en-aut-mei=Jichun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=JiangDaohong en-aut-sei=Jiang en-aut-mei=Daohong kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=Kotta-LoizouIoly en-aut-sei=Kotta-Loizou en-aut-mei=Ioly kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=KrupovicMart en-aut-sei=Krupovic en-aut-mei=Mart kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= en-aut-name=LangAndrew S. en-aut-sei=Lang en-aut-mei=Andrew S. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=17 ORCID= en-aut-name=LegendreMatthieu en-aut-sei=Legendre en-aut-mei=Matthieu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=18 ORCID= en-aut-name=Lee MarzanoShin-Yi en-aut-sei=Lee Marzano en-aut-mei=Shin-Yi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=19 ORCID= en-aut-name=NervaLuca en-aut-sei=Nerva en-aut-mei=Luca kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=20 ORCID= en-aut-name=PénzesJudit en-aut-sei=Pénzes en-aut-mei=Judit kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=21 ORCID= en-aut-name=PoimalaAnna en-aut-sei=Poimala en-aut-mei=Anna kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=22 ORCID= en-aut-name=RigouSofia en-aut-sei=Rigou en-aut-mei=Sofia kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=23 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoYukiyo en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Yukiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=24 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShamsiWajeeha en-aut-sei=Shamsi en-aut-mei=Wajeeha kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=25 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=26 ORCID= en-aut-name=TurinaMassimo en-aut-sei=Turina en-aut-mei=Massimo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=27 ORCID= en-aut-name=UrayamaSyun-ichi en-aut-sei=Urayama en-aut-mei=Syun-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=28 ORCID= en-aut-name=VainioEeva J. en-aut-sei=Vainio en-aut-mei=Eeva J. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=29 ORCID= en-aut-name=XieJiatao en-aut-sei=Xie en-aut-mei=Jiatao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=30 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Information Génomique & Structurale, UMR7256, CNRS & Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, IMM, IM2B, IOM kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Forest Protection and Wildlife Management Mendel University in Brno kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=School of Agriculture, Meiji University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Information Génomique & Structurale, UMR7256, CNRS & Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, IMM, IM2B, IOM kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=School of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Hertfordshire kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Genetics and Biotechnologies, University of South Bohemia kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=School of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Hertfordshire kn-affil= affil-num=16 en-affil=Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit kn-affil= affil-num=17 en-affil=Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland kn-affil= affil-num=18 en-affil=Information Génomique & Structurale, UMR7256, CNRS & Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, IMM, IM2B, IOM kn-affil= affil-num=19 en-affil=United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Application Technology Research Unit kn-affil= affil-num=20 en-affil=Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology kn-affil= affil-num=21 en-affil=Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University kn-affil= affil-num=22 en-affil=Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) kn-affil= affil-num=23 en-affil=Information Génomique & Structurale, UMR7256, CNRS & Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, IMM, IM2B, IOM kn-affil= affil-num=24 en-affil=Department of Biology, Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne kn-affil= affil-num=25 en-affil=Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University kn-affil= affil-num=26 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=27 en-affil=Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan kn-affil= affil-num=28 en-affil=Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba kn-affil= affil-num=29 en-affil=Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) kn-affil= affil-num=30 en-affil=College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=106 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=002079 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250725 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Virus taxonomy proposal summaries: a searchable and citable resource to disseminate virus taxonomy advances en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Taxonomic classification of cellular organisms requires the publication of descriptions and proposed names of species and the deposition of specimens. Virus taxonomy is developed through a different system of annual submission of formal taxonomy proposals (TPs) that can be submitted by anyone but are typically prepared by a study group appointed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) and consisting of experts on a particular group of viruses. These are initially evaluated by an expert subcommittee and by the executive committee (EC) of the ICTV. EC-approved TPs are then submitted for evaluation and a ratification vote by the wider ICTV membership. Following ratification, the new taxonomy is annually updated in the Master Species List, associated databases and bioinformatic resources. The process is consistent, creates traceability in assignments and supports a fully evaluated, hierarchical classification and nomenclature of all taxonomic ranks from species to realms. The structure also facilitates large-scale and coordinated changes to virus taxonomy, such as the recent introduction of a binomial species nomenclature.
TPs are available on the ICTV website after ratification, but they are not indexed in bibliographic databases and are not easily cited. Authors of TPs do not receive citation credit for adopted proposals, and their voluntary contributions are largely invisible in the published literature. For greater visibility of TPs and their authors, the ICTV will commence the annual publication of summaries of all TPs from each ICTV subcommittee. These summaries will provide a searchable compendium of all annual taxonomy changes and additions as well as direct links to the Master Species List and other ICTV bioinformatic resources. Their publication will provide due credit and citations for their authors, form the basis for disseminating taxonomy decisions and promote greater visibility and accessibility to taxonomy changes for the virology community. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MayneRichard en-aut-sei=Mayne en-aut-mei=Richard kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SimmondsPeter en-aut-sei=Simmonds en-aut-mei=Peter kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SmithDonald B. en-aut-sei=Smith en-aut-mei=Donald B. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=AdriaenssensEvelien M. en-aut-sei=Adriaenssens en-aut-mei=Evelien M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=LefkowitzElliot J. en-aut-sei=Lefkowitz en-aut-mei=Elliot J. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=OksanenHanna M. en-aut-sei=Oksanen en-aut-mei=Hanna M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZerbiniFrancisco Murilo en-aut-sei=Zerbini en-aut-mei=Francisco Murilo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=Alfenas-ZerbiniPoliane en-aut-sei=Alfenas-Zerbini en-aut-mei=Poliane kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=AylwardFrank O en-aut-sei=Aylward en-aut-mei=Frank O kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=Freitas-AstúaJuliana en-aut-sei=Freitas-Astúa en-aut-mei=Juliana kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=HendricksonR. Curtis en-aut-sei=Hendrickson en-aut-mei=R. Curtis kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=HughesHolly R. en-aut-sei=Hughes en-aut-mei=Holly R. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=KrupovicMart en-aut-sei=Krupovic en-aut-mei=Mart kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuhnJens H. en-aut-sei=Kuhn en-aut-mei=Jens H. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=ŁobockaMałgorzata en-aut-sei=Łobocka en-aut-mei=Małgorzata kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=MushegianArcady R. en-aut-sei=Mushegian en-aut-mei=Arcady R. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= en-aut-name=PenzesJudit en-aut-sei=Penzes en-aut-mei=Judit kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=17 ORCID= en-aut-name=MuñozAlejandro Reyes en-aut-sei=Muñoz en-aut-mei=Alejandro Reyes kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=18 ORCID= en-aut-name=RobertsonDavid L. en-aut-sei=Robertson en-aut-mei=David L. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=19 ORCID= en-aut-name=RouxSimon en-aut-sei=Roux en-aut-mei=Simon kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=20 ORCID= en-aut-name=RubinoLuisa en-aut-sei=Rubino en-aut-mei=Luisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=21 ORCID= en-aut-name=SabanadzovicSead en-aut-sei=Sabanadzovic en-aut-mei=Sead kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=22 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=23 ORCID= en-aut-name=TurnerDann en-aut-sei=Turner en-aut-mei=Dann kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=24 ORCID= en-aut-name=Van DoorslaerKoenraad en-aut-sei=Van Doorslaer en-aut-mei=Koenraad kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=25 ORCID= en-aut-name=VarsaniArvind en-aut-sei=Varsani en-aut-mei=Arvind kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=26 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Quadram Institute Bioscience kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Departamento de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=16 en-affil=Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, National Science Foundation kn-affil= affil-num=17 en-affil=Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers University kn-affil= affil-num=18 en-affil=Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes kn-affil= affil-num=19 en-affil=MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research kn-affil= affil-num=20 en-affil=Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory kn-affil= affil-num=21 en-affil=Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Sede Secondaria di Bari kn-affil= affil-num=22 en-affil=Department of Agricultural Science and Plant Protection, Mississippi State University kn-affil= affil-num=23 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=24 en-affil=Molecular Biology, University of the West of England kn-affil= affil-num=25 en-affil=Department of Immunobiology, School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona Cancer Center kn-affil= affil-num=26 en-affil=The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University kn-affil= en-keyword=ICTV kn-keyword=ICTV en-keyword=master species list kn-keyword=master species list en-keyword=taxonomy proposal kn-keyword=taxonomy proposal en-keyword=virus taxonomy kn-keyword=virus taxonomy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=e06572 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250908 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A Viral RNA Silencing Suppressor Modulates Reactive Oxygen Species Levels to Induce the Autophagic Degradation of Dicer‐Like and Argonaute‐Like Proteins en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Mounting evidence indicates that viruses exploit elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels to promote replication and pathogenesis, yet the mechanistic underpinnings of this viral strategy remain elusive for many viral systems. This study uncovers a sophisticated viral counter-defense mechanism in the Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1)-Fusarium graminearum system, where the viral p29 protein subverts host redox homeostasis to overcome antiviral responses. That p29 directly interacts with and inhibits the enzymatic activity of fungal NAD(P)H-dependent FMN reductase 1 (FMR1), leading to increased ROS accumulation and subsequent autophagy activation is demonstrated. Strikingly, this ROS-induced autophagy selectively targets for degradation two core antiviral RNA silencing components against CHV1 in F. graminearum, Dicer-like 2 (DCL2) and Argonaute-like 1 (AGL1), thereby compromising the host's primary antiviral defense system. Genetic analysis confirms this coordinated hijacking of host machineries, as CHV1 shows enhanced accumulation in the FMR1 knockout and reduced accumulation in autophagy-deficient fungal strains. This work reveals a tripartite interplay among oxidative stress, autophagy, and RNA silencing that CHV1 manipulates through p29 multifunctional activity. These findings provide a model for how viruses coordinately regulate distinct host defense systems to optimize infection. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ZhaiShiyu en-aut-sei=Zhai en-aut-mei=Shiyu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=PangTianxing en-aut-sei=Pang en-aut-mei=Tianxing kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=PengShiyu en-aut-sei=Peng en-aut-mei=Shiyu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZouShenshen en-aut-sei=Zou en-aut-mei=Shenshen kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=DengZhiping en-aut-sei=Deng en-aut-mei=Zhiping kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KangZhensheng en-aut-sei=Kang en-aut-mei=Zhensheng kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=AndikaIda Bagus en-aut-sei=Andika en-aut-mei=Ida Bagus kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SunLiying en-aut-sei=Sun en-aut-mei=Liying kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University kn-affil= en-keyword=argonaute kn-keyword=argonaute en-keyword=autophagic degradation kn-keyword=autophagic degradation en-keyword=cryphonectria hypovirus 1 kn-keyword=cryphonectria hypovirus 1 en-keyword=dicer kn-keyword=dicer en-keyword=reactive oxygen species kn-keyword=reactive oxygen species en-keyword=RNA silencing suppressor kn-keyword=RNA silencing suppressor END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=351 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=199522 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=202501 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Evidence for the replication of a plant rhabdovirus in its arthropod mite vector en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Transmission of plant viruses that replicate in the insect vector is known as persistent-propagative manner. However, it remains unclear whether such virus-vector relationships also occur between plant viruses and other biological vectors such as arthropod mites. In this study, we investigated the possible replication of orchid fleck virus (OFV), a segmented plant rhabdovirus, within its mite vector (Brevipalpus californicus s.l.) using quantitative RT-qPCR, western blotting and next-generation sequencing. Time-course RT-qPCR and western blot analyses showed an increasing OFV accumulation pattern in mites after virus acquisition. Since OFV genome expression requires the transcription of polyadenylated mRNAs, polyadenylated RNA fractions extracted from the viruliferous mite samples and OFV-infected plant leaves were used for RNA-seq analysis. In the mite and plant datasets, a large number of sequence reads were aligned to genomic regions of OFV RNA1 and RNA2 corresponding to transcribed viral gene mRNAs. This includes the short polyadenylated transcripts originating from the leader and trailer regions at the ends of the viral genome, which are believed to play a crucial role in viral transcription/replication. In contrast, a low number of reads were mapped to the non-transcribed regions (gene junctions). These results strongly suggested that OFV gene expression occurs both in mites and plants. Additionally, deep sequencing revealed the accumulation of OFV-derived small RNAs in mites, although their size profiles differ from those found in plants. Taken together, our results indicated that OFV replicates within a mite vector and is targeted by the RNA-silencing mechanism. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujitaMiki en-aut-sei=Fujita en-aut-mei=Miki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TelengechPaul en-aut-sei=Telengech en-aut-mei=Paul kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaruyamKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Maruyam en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HyodoKiwamu en-aut-sei=Hyodo en-aut-mei=Kiwamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TassiAline Daniele en-aut-sei=Tassi en-aut-mei=Aline Daniele kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OchoaRonald en-aut-sei=Ochoa en-aut-mei=Ronald kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=AndikaIda Bagus en-aut-sei=Andika en-aut-mei=Ida Bagus kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Rhabdovirus kn-keyword=Rhabdovirus en-keyword=Plant kn-keyword=Plant en-keyword=Mite kn-keyword=Mite en-keyword=Vector kn-keyword=Vector en-keyword=Replication kn-keyword=Replication en-keyword=mRNA kn-keyword=mRNA en-keyword=Small RNA kn-keyword=Small RNA END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=16 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=1152 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240717 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Metatranscriptomic Sequencing of Sheath Blight-Associated Isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Revealed Multi-Infection by Diverse Groups of RNA Viruses en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Rice sheath blight, caused by the soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia solani (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris, Basidiomycota), is one of the most devastating phytopathogenic fungal diseases and causes yield loss. Here, we report on a very high prevalence (100%) of potential virus-associated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) elements for a collection of 39 fungal strains of R. solani from the rice sheath blight samples from at least four major rice-growing areas in the Philippines and a reference isolate from the International Rice Research Institute, showing different colony phenotypes. Their dsRNA profiles suggested the presence of multiple viral infections among these Philippine R. solani populations. Using next-generation sequencing, the viral sequences of the three representative R. solani strains (Ilo-Rs-6, Tar-Rs-3, and Tar-Rs-5) from different rice-growing areas revealed the presence of at least 36 viruses or virus-like agents, with the Tar-Rs-3 strain harboring the largest number of viruses (at least 20 in total). These mycoviruses or their candidates are believed to have single-stranded RNA or dsRNA genomes and they belong to or are associated with the orders Martellivirales, Hepelivirales, Durnavirales, Cryppavirales, Ourlivirales, and Ghabrivirales based on their coding-complete RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequences. The complete genome sequences of two novel RNA viruses belonging to the proposed family Phlegiviridae and family Mitoviridae were determined. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=UrzoMichael Louie R. en-aut-sei=Urzo en-aut-mei=Michael Louie R. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=GuintoTimothy D. en-aut-sei=Guinto en-aut-mei=Timothy D. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=Eusebio-CopeAna en-aut-sei=Eusebio-Cope en-aut-mei=Ana kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=BudotBernard O. en-aut-sei=Budot en-aut-mei=Bernard O. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YanoriaMary Jeanie T. en-aut-sei=Yanoria en-aut-mei=Mary Jeanie T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=JonsonGilda B. en-aut-sei=Jonson en-aut-mei=Gilda B. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ArakawaMasao en-aut-sei=Arakawa en-aut-mei=Masao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Microbiology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Microbiology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Fit-for-Future Genetic Resources Unit, Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), University of the Philippines Los Baños kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Weed Science, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Traits for Challenged Environments Unit, Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), University of the Philippines Los Baños kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Traits for Challenged Environments Unit, Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), University of the Philippines Los Baños kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Plant-Microbe Interactions Group, Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Plant-Microbe Interactions Group, Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Rhizoctonia solani kn-keyword=Rhizoctonia solani en-keyword=dsRNA kn-keyword=dsRNA en-keyword=mycovirus kn-keyword=mycovirus en-keyword=RNA virus kn-keyword=RNA virus en-keyword=metatranscriptome kn-keyword=metatranscriptome END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=26 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1 end-page=30 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=202503 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Establishment and Strengthening of Legal Human Resource Development Systems And Returning Routes in Cooperation with Regional Organizations kn-title=地域組織と連携した法務系人材育成システム・ 還元ルートの構築・強化 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatoGoro en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Goro kn-aut-name=佐藤吾郎 kn-aut-sei=佐藤 kn-aut-mei=吾郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiTakamoto en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Takamoto kn-aut-name=鈴木隆元 kn-aut-sei=鈴木 kn-aut-mei=隆元 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhsakaTetsuya en-aut-sei=Ohsaka en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name=大坂哲也 kn-aut-sei=大坂 kn-aut-mei=哲也 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KobayashiTakafumi en-aut-sei=Kobayashi en-aut-mei=Takafumi kn-aut-name=小林貴史 kn-aut-sei=小林 kn-aut-mei=貴史 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamuraNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Okamura en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name=岡村暢大 kn-aut-sei=岡村 kn-aut-mei=暢大 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakehisaAkinari en-aut-sei=Takehisa en-aut-mei=Akinari kn-aut-name=武久顕也 kn-aut-sei=武久 kn-aut-mei=顕也 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院法務研究科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院法務研究科 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=両備ホールディングス株式会社 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=帝人ナカシマメディカル株式会社 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=社会医療法人岡村一心堂病院 affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=瀬戸内市長 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=99 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=e02166-24 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250213 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A capsidless (+)RNA yadokarivirus hosted by a dsRNA virus is infectious as particles, cDNA, and dsRNA en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Capsidless yadokariviruses (members of the order Yadokarivirales) with (+)RNA genomes divert the capsid of their partner icosahedral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses in different families of the order Ghabrivirales into the replication site. A yadokarivirus, AfSV2, has been reported from a German strain of the ascomycete fungus Aspergillus foetidus coinfected by two dsRNA viruses, a victorivirus (AfSV1, family Pseudototiviridae) and an alternavirus (AfFV, family Alternaviridae). Here, we identified AfSV1 as the partner of AfSV2 in a Japanese A. foetidus strain after showing the infectiousness of AfSV2 in three forms: virus particles (heterocapsid), transforming full-length complementary DNA (cDNA), and purified replicated form (RF) dsRNA that is believed to be inactive as a translational template. Virion transfection of virus-free A. foetidus protoplasts resulted in the generation of two strains infected either by AfSV1 alone or by both AfSV1 and AfSV2. Transformants with AfSV2 full-length cDNA launched AfSV2 infection only in the presence of AfSV1, but not those with AfSV2 RNA-directed RNA polymerase mutant cDNA. The purified fractions containing AfSV2 RF dsRNA also launched infection when transfected into protoplasts infected by AfSV1. Treatment with dsRNA-specific RNase III, but not with proteinase K, S1 nuclease, or DNase I, abolished the infectivity of AfSV2 RF dsRNA. Furthermore, we confirmed the infectiousness of gel-purified AfSV2 RF dsRNA in the presence of AfSV1. Taken together, our results show the unique infectious entity of AfSV2 and the expansion of yadokarivirus partners in the family Pseudototiviridae and provide interesting evolutionary insights. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FadliMuhammad en-aut-sei=Fadli en-aut-mei=Muhammad kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HisanoSakae en-aut-sei=Hisano en-aut-mei=Sakae kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NovoaGuy en-aut-sei=Novoa en-aut-mei=Guy kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=CastónJosé R. en-aut-sei=Castón en-aut-mei=José R. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Structure of Macromolecules, Centro Nacional Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Structure of Macromolecules, Centro Nacional Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=yadokarivirus kn-keyword=yadokarivirus en-keyword=hetero-encapsidation kn-keyword=hetero-encapsidation en-keyword=partner dsRNA virus kn-keyword=partner dsRNA virus en-keyword=fungal virus kn-keyword=fungal virus en-keyword=Aspergillus foetidus kn-keyword=Aspergillus foetidus en-keyword=neo-lifestyle kn-keyword=neo-lifestyle END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=9 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240729 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=New lineages of RNA viruses from clinical isolates of Rhizopus microsporus revealed by fragmented and primer-ligated dsRNA sequencing (FLDS) analysis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Rhizopus microsporus is a species in the order Mucorales that is known to cause mucormycosis, but it is poorly understood as a host of viruses. Here, we examined 25 clinical strains of R. microsporus for viral infection with a conventional double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) assay using agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and the recently established fragmented and primer-ligated dsRNA sequencing (FLDS) protocol. By AGE, five virus-infected strains were detected. Then, full-length genomic sequences of 12 novel RNA viruses were revealed by FLDS, which were related to the families Mitoviridae, Narnaviridae, and Endornaviridae, ill-defined groups of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses with similarity to the established families Virgaviridae and Phasmaviridae, and the proposed family "Ambiguiviridae." All the characterized viruses, except a potential phasmavirid with a negative-sense RNA genome, had positive-sense RNA genomes. One virus belonged to a previously established species within the family Mitoviridae, whereas the other 11 viruses represented new species or even new genera. These results show that the fungal pathogen R. microsporus harbors diverse RNA viruses and extend our understanding of the diversity of RNA viruses in the fungal order Mucorales, division Mucoromycota. Identifying RNA viruses from clinical isolates of R. microsporus may expand the repertoire of natural therapeutic agents for mucormycosis in the future. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Sa'diyahWasiatus en-aut-sei=Sa'diyah en-aut-mei=Wasiatus kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZhaoYan-Jie en-aut-sei=Zhao en-aut-mei=Yan-Jie kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChibaYuto en-aut-sei=Chiba en-aut-mei=Yuto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=BanSayaka en-aut-sei=Ban en-aut-mei=Sayaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=YaguchiTakashi en-aut-sei=Yaguchi en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=UrayamaSyun-Ichi en-aut-sei=Urayama en-aut-mei=Syun-Ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=HagiwaraDaisuke en-aut-sei=Hagiwara en-aut-mei=Daisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Fungal Interaction and Molecular Biology (Donated by IFO), University of Tsukuba kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Fungal Interaction and Molecular Biology (Donated by IFO), University of Tsukuba kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Fungal Interaction and Molecular Biology (Donated by IFO), University of Tsukuba kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Fungal Interaction and Molecular Biology (Donated by IFO), University of Tsukuba kn-affil= en-keyword=Rhizopus microsporus kn-keyword=Rhizopus microsporus en-keyword=RNA virus kn-keyword=RNA virus en-keyword=diversity kn-keyword=diversity en-keyword=new lineage kn-keyword=new lineage en-keyword=FLDS kn-keyword=FLDS END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=121 cd-vols= no-issue=25 article-no= start-page=e2322765121 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240612 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Argonaute-independent, Dicer-dependent antiviral defense against RNA viruses en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) is conserved from yeasts to mammals. Dicer recognizes and cleaves virus-derived double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and/or structured single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) into small-interfering RNAs, which guide effector Argonaute to homologous viral RNAs for digestion and inhibit virus replication. Thus, Argonaute is believed to be essential for antiviral RNAi. Here, we show Argonaute-independent, Dicer-dependent antiviral defense against dsRNA viruses using Cryphonectria parasitica (chestnut blight fungus), which is a model filamentous ascomycetous fungus and hosts a variety of viruses. The fungus has two dicer-like genes (dcl1 and dcl2) and four argonaute-like genes (agl1 to agl4). We prepared a suite of single to quadruple agl knockout mutants with or without dcl disruption. We tested these mutants for antiviral activities against diverse dsRNA viruses and ssRNA viruses. Although both DCL2 and AGL2 worked as antiviral players against some RNA viruses, DCL2 without argonaute was sufficient to block the replication of other RNA viruses. Overall, these results indicate the existence of a Dicer-alone defense and different degrees of susceptibility to it among RNA viruses. We discuss what determines the great difference in susceptibility to the Dicer-only defense. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatoYukiyo en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Yukiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=RNAi kn-keyword=RNAi en-keyword=Argonaute kn-keyword=Argonaute en-keyword=Dicer kn-keyword=Dicer en-keyword=fungal virus kn-keyword=fungal virus en-keyword=chestnut blight kn-keyword=chestnut blight END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=121 cd-vols= no-issue=25 article-no= start-page=e2318150121 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240612 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Replication of single viruses across the kingdoms, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=It is extremely rare that a single virus crosses host barriers across multiple kingdoms. Based on phylogenetic and paleovirological analyses, it has previously been hypothesized that single members of the family Partitiviridae could cross multiple kingdoms. Partitiviridae accommodates members characterized by their simple bisegmented double-stranded RNA genome; asymptomatic infections of host organisms; the absence of an extracellular route for entry in nature; and collectively broad host range. Herein, we show the replicability of single fungal partitiviruses in three kingdoms of host organisms: Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Betapartitiviruses of the phytopathogenic fungusRosellinia necatrix could replicate in protoplasts of the carrot (Daucus carota), Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum, in some cases reaching a level detectable by agarose gel electrophoresis. Moreover, betapartitiviruses showed more robust replication than the tested alphapartitiviruses. One of the fungal betapartitiviruses, RnPV18, could persistently and stably infect carrot plants regenerated from virion-transfected protoplasts. Both alpha- and betapartitiviruses, although with different host preference, could replicate in two insect cell lines derived from the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Our results indicate the replicability of single partitiviruses in members of three kingdoms and provide insights into virus adaptation, host jumping, and evolution. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TelengechPaul en-aut-sei=Telengech en-aut-mei=Paul kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HyodoKiwamu en-aut-sei=Hyodo en-aut-mei=Kiwamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=IchikawaHiroaki en-aut-sei=Ichikawa en-aut-mei=Hiroaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuwataRyusei en-aut-sei=Kuwata en-aut-mei=Ryusei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=cross- kingdom infection kn-keyword=cross- kingdom infection en-keyword=partitivirus kn-keyword=partitivirus en-keyword=fungal virus kn-keyword=fungal virus en-keyword=Plantae kn-keyword=Plantae en-keyword=Animalia kn-keyword=Animalia END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=75 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=102337 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=202310 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Continued mycovirus discovery expanding our understanding of virus lifestyles, symptom expression, and host defense en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=High-throughput sequencing technologies have greatly expanded the RNA virome in general and have led to an exponential increase in new fungal viruses, also known as mycoviruses. Mycoviruses are omnipresent in fungi and usually induce symptomless infections. Some mycoviruses infecting fungi pathogenic to plants, insects, and mammals are known to modify host virulence positively and negatively and attract particular interests. In addition, fungal viruses continue to provide intriguing research materials and themes that lead to discoveries of peculiar viruses as infectious entities and insights into virus evolution and diversity. In this review, we outline the diversity and neolifestyle of recently discovered fungal RNA viruses, and phenotypic alterations induced by them. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in research regarding the fungal antiviral defense and viral counterdefense, which are closely associated with host phenotype alterations. We hope that this article will enhance understanding of the interesting and growing fungal virology field. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatoYukiyo en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Yukiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=334 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=199155 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=202309 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Exploration of the yadokari/yadonushi nature of YkV3 and RnMBV3 in the original host and a model filamentous fungus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The yadokari/yadonushi nature is a recently discovered virus lifestyle; “yadokari” refers to the ability of capsidless positive-sense (+) RNA viruses (yadokariviruses) to utilize the capsids of phylogenetically distant double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses possibly as the replication site, while “yadonushi” refers to the ability of dsRNA viruses to provide capsids to yadokariviruses. This virus–virus interaction, however, has been only studied with limited pathosystems. Here, we established a new study model with a capsidless (+)RNA yadokarivirus YkV3 (family Yadokariviridae) and its capsid donor RnMBV3 (family Megabirnaviridae) in the original host fungus Rosellinia necatrix and a model filamentous fungal host Cryphonectria parasitica. YkV3 has a simple genome structure with one open reading frame of 4305 nucleotides encoding a single polyprotein with an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and a 2A-like self-cleavage peptide domain. Reverse genetics of YkV3 in R. necatrix showed that YkV3 tolerates a nucleotide substitution in the extreme 5′-terminus. The insertion of two termination codons immediately downstream of the 2A-like cleavage site abolished YkV3 viability, suggesting the importance of the C-terminal portion of the polyprotein of unknown function. Transfection of RnMBV3 and YkV3 into an RNA silencing-deficient mutant Δdcl2 of C. parasitica showed the replication competency of both viruses. Comparison between the wild-type and Δdcl2 strains of C. parasitica in virus accumulation suggested that RnMBV3 and YkV3 are susceptible to RNA silencing in C. parasitica. Taken together, we have established a platform to further explore the yadokari/yadonushi nature using genetically manipulable host fungal and virus strains. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatoYukiyo en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Yukiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HisanoSakae en-aut-sei=Hisano en-aut-mei=Sakae kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Virus-virus interaction kn-keyword=Virus-virus interaction en-keyword=RNA viruses kn-keyword=RNA viruses en-keyword=Capsidless kn-keyword=Capsidless en-keyword=Fungal viruses kn-keyword=Fungal viruses en-keyword=Plant pathogenic fungi kn-keyword=Plant pathogenic fungi en-keyword=Yadokarivirus kn-keyword=Yadokarivirus en-keyword=Megabirnavirus kn-keyword=Megabirnavirus en-keyword=Reverse genetics kn-keyword=Reverse genetics END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=167 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=2833 end-page=2838 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20221022 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Identification of novel totiviruses from the ascomycetous fungus Geotrichum candidum en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Mycoviruses are widely distributed across the kingdom Fungi, including ascomycetous yeast strains of the class Saccharomycetes. Geotrichum candidum is an important fungal pathogen belonging to Saccharomycetes and has a diverse host range. Here, we report the characterization of four new classical totiviruses from two distinct Geotrichum candidum strains from Pakistan. The four identified viruses were tentatively named “Geotrichum candidum totivirus 1, 2, 3a, and 3b” (GcTV1-3b). The complete dsRNA genomes of the identified totiviruses are 4621, 4592, 4576, and 4576 bp in length, respectively. All totivirus genomes have two open reading frames, encoding a capsid protein (CP) and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), respectively. The downstream RdRP domain is assumed to be expressed as a CP-RdRP fusion product via -1 frameshifting mediated by a heptameric slippery site. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis showed that each of the discovered viruses belongs to a new species of the genus Totivirus in the family Totiviridae, with GcTV1 and GcTV3 (a and b strains) clustering in one subgroup and GcTV2 in another subgroup. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KhanHaris Ahmed en-aut-sei=Khan en-aut-mei=Haris Ahmed kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShahiSabitree en-aut-sei=Shahi en-aut-mei=Sabitree kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=BhattiMuhammad Faraz en-aut-sei=Bhatti en-aut-mei=Muhammad Faraz kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=19 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=e1011162 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230227 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Capsid structure of a fungal dsRNA megabirnavirus reveals its previously unidentified surface architecture en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Rosellinia necatrix megabirnavirus 1-W779 (RnMBV1) is a non-enveloped icosahedral double-stranded (ds)RNA virus that infects the ascomycete fungus Rosellinia necatrix, a causative agent that induces a lethal plant disease white root rot. Herein, we have first resolved the atomic structure of the RnMBV1 capsid at 3.2 angstrom resolution using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) single-particle analysis. Compared with other non-enveloped icosahedral dsRNA viruses, the RnMBV1 capsid protein structure exhibits an extra-long C-terminal arm and a surface protrusion domain. In addition, the previously unrecognized crown proteins are identified in a symmetry-expanded cryo-EM model and are present over the 3-fold axes. These exclusive structural features of the RnMBV1 capsid could have been acquired for playing essential roles in transmission and/or particle assembly of the megabirnaviruses. Our findings, therefore, will reinforce the understanding of how the structural and molecular machineries of the megabirnaviruses influence the virulence of the disease-related ascomycete fungus. Author summaryA fungal plant soil-borne pathogen, Rosellinia necatrix, which can cause devastating disease white root rot in many highly valued fruit trees, is difficult to be controlled with conventional approaches such as fungicide applications. Rosellinia necatrix megabirnavirus 1-W779 (RnMBV1) is a dsRNA virus isolated from the R. necatrix field strain, W779, and this virus can be a viro-control candidate to confer hypovirulence in its host R. necatrix. To make use of RnMBV1 in the white root rot disease control, more molecular and structural investigations will offer us more insights. Here, we have performed cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) single-particle analysis, to obtain the first atomic models of RnMBV1 particles. Based on the atomic structures, we found unique both surface and interior features. In addition, we found a previously unidentified protein on the viral surface. These aforementioned structural features might play important roles in the viral life cycles, and will enable us to apply this fungal virus as a viro-control approach. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WangHan en-aut-sei=Wang en-aut-mei=Han kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SalaipethLakha en-aut-sei=Salaipeth en-aut-mei=Lakha kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyazakiNaoyuki en-aut-sei=Miyazaki en-aut-mei=Naoyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoKenta en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Kenta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=The Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Life Science Center of Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=The Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220830 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Three-Layered Complex Interactions among Capsidless (+)ssRNA Yadokariviruses, dsRNA Viruses, and a Fungus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We have previously discovered a virus neo-lifestyle exhibited by a capsidless positive-sense (+), single-stranded (ss) RNA virus YkV1 (family Yadokariviridae) and an unrelated double-stranded (ds) RNA virus YnV1 (proposed family "Yadonushiviridae") in a phytopathogenic ascomycete, Rosellinia necatrix. YkV1 has been proposed to replicate in the capsid provided by YnV1 as if it were a dsRNA virus and enhance YnV1 replication in return. Recently, viruses related to YkV1 (yadokariviruses) have been isolated from diverse ascomycetous fungi. However, it remains obscure whether such viruses generally show the YkV1-like lifestyle. Here, we identified partner viruses for three distinct yadokariviruses, YkV3, YkV4a, and YkV4b, isolated from R. necatrix that were coinfected with multiple dsRNA viruses phylogenetically distantly related to YnV1. We first established transformants of R. necatrix carrying single yadokarivirus cDNAs and fused them with infectants by single partner candidate dsRNA viruses. Consequently, YkV3 and YkV4s replicated only in the presence of RnMBV3 (family Megabirnaviridae) and RnMTV1 (proposed family "Megatotiviridae"), respectively. The partners were mutually interchangeable between the two YkV4 strains and three RnMTV1 strains but not between other combinations involving YkV1 or YkV3. In contrast to YkV1 enhancing YnV1 accumulation, YkV4s reduced RnMTV1 accumulation to different degrees according to strains. Interestingly, YkV4 rescued the host R. necatrix from impaired growth induced by RnMTV1. YkV3 exerted no apparent effect on its partner (RnMBV3) or host fungus. Overall, we revealed that while yadokariviruses generally require partner dsRNA viruses for replication, each yadokarivirus partners with a different dsRNA virus species in the three diverse families and shows a distinct symbiotic relation in a fungus. IMPORTANCE A capsidless (+)ssRNA virus YkV1 (family Yadokariviridae) highjacks the capsid of an unrelated dsRNA virus YnV1 (proposed family "Yadonushiviridae") in a phytopathogenic ascomycete, while YkV1 trans-enhances YnV1 replication. Herein, we identified the dsRNA virus partners of three yadokariviruses (YkV3, YkV4a, and YkV4b) with genome organization different from YkV1 as being different from YnV1 at the suborder level. Their partners were mutually interchangeable between the two YkV4 strains and three strains of the partner virus RnMTV1 (proposed family "Megatotiviridae") but not between other combinations involving YkV1 or YkV3. Unlike YkV1, YkV4s reduced RnMTV1 accumulation and rescued the host fungus from impaired growth induced by RnMTV1. YkV3 exerted no apparent effect on its partner (RnMBV3, family Megabirnaviridae) or host fungus. These revealed that while each yadokarivirus has a species-specific partnership with a dsRNA virus, yadokariviruses collectively partner extremely diverse dsRNA viruses and show three-layered complex mutualistic/antagonistic interactions in a fungus. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatoYukiyo en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Yukiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HisanoSakae en-aut-sei=Hisano en-aut-mei=Sakae kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=Lopez-HerreraCarlos Jose en-aut-sei=Lopez-Herrera en-aut-mei=Carlos Jose kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible C.S.I.C., Alameda del Obispo kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=virus-virus interaction kn-keyword=virus-virus interaction en-keyword=RNA viruses kn-keyword=RNA viruses en-keyword=capsidless kn-keyword=capsidless en-keyword=virus macroevolution kn-keyword=virus macroevolution en-keyword=fungal viruses kn-keyword=fungal viruses en-keyword=plant-pathogenic fungi kn-keyword=plant-pathogenic fungi en-keyword=mutualism and parasitism kn-keyword=mutualism and parasitism en-keyword=multilayered interaction kn-keyword=multilayered interaction END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=14 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=1722 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220804 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A Transfectable Fusagravirus from a Japanese Strain of Cryphonectria carpinicola with Spherical Particles en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A novel dsRNA virus (Cryphonectria carpinicola fusagravirus 1, CcFGV1), isolated from a Japanese strain (JS13) of Cryphonectria carpinicola, was thoroughly characterized. The biological comparison of a set of isogenic CcFGV1-infected and -free (JS13VF) strains indicated asymptomatic infection by CcFGV1. The sequence analysis showed that the virus has a two open reading frame (ORF) genome of 9.6 kbp with the RNA-directed RNA polymerase domain encoded by ORF2. The N-terminal sequencing and peptide mass fingerprinting showed an N-terminally processed or degraded product (150 kDa) of the 5'-proximal ORF1-encoded protein (1462 amino acids) to make up the CcFGV1 spherical particles of similar to 40 nm in diameter. Interestingly, a portion of CcFGV1 dsRNA co-fractionated with a host protein of 70 kDa. The purified CcFGV1 particles were used to transfect protoplasts of JS13VF as well as the standard strain of an experimental model filamentous fungal host Cryphonectria parasitica. CcFGV1 was confirmed to be associated with asymptomatic infection of both fungi. RNA silencing was shown to target the virus in C. parasitica, resulting in reduced CcFGV1 accumulation by comparing the CcFGV1 content between RNA silencing-competent and -deficient strains. These results indicate the transfectability of spherical particles of a fusagravirus associated with asymptomatic infection. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=DasSubha en-aut-sei=Das en-aut-mei=Subha kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HisanoSakae en-aut-sei=Hisano en-aut-mei=Sakae kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=Eusebio-CopeAna en-aut-sei=Eusebio-Cope en-aut-mei=Ana kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Cryphonectria carpinicola kn-keyword=Cryphonectria carpinicola en-keyword=Cryphonectria parasitica kn-keyword=Cryphonectria parasitica en-keyword=fusagravirus kn-keyword=fusagravirus en-keyword=fungal virus kn-keyword=fungal virus en-keyword=dsRNA kn-keyword=dsRNA en-keyword=spherical virion kn-keyword=spherical virion en-keyword=transfection kn-keyword=transfection END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=913619 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220629 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Mycovirus Hunting Revealed the Presence of Diverse Viruses in a Single Isolate of the Phytopathogenic Fungus Diplodia seriata From Pakistan en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Diplodia seriata in the family Botryosphaeriaceae is a cosmopolitan phytopathogenic fungus and is responsible for causing cankers, fruit rot and leaf spots on economically important plants. In this study, we characterized the virome of a single Pakistani strain (L3) of D. seriata. Several viral-like contig sequences were obtained via a previously conducted next-generation sequencing analysis. Multiple infection of the L3 strain by eight RNA mycoviruses was confirmed through RT-PCR using total RNA samples extracted from this strain; the entire genomes were determined via Sanger sequencing of RT-PCR and RACE clones. A BLAST search and phylogenetic analyses indicated that these eight mycoviruses belong to seven different viral families. Four identified mycoviruses belong to double-stranded RNA viral families, including Polymycoviridae, Chrysoviridae, Totiviridae and Partitiviridae, and the remaining four identified mycoviruses belong to single-stranded RNA viral families, i.e., Botourmiaviridae, and two previously proposed families "Ambiguiviridae" and "Splipalmiviridae". Of the eight, five mycoviruses appear to represent new virus species. A morphological comparison of L3 and partially cured strain L3ht1 suggested that one or more of the three viruses belonging to Polymycoviridae, "Splipalmiviridae" and "Ambiguiviridae" are involved in the irregular colony phenotype of L3. To our knowledge, this is the first report of diverse virome characterization from D. seriata. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KhanHaris Ahmed en-aut-sei=Khan en-aut-mei=Haris Ahmed kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TelengechPaul en-aut-sei=Telengech en-aut-mei=Paul kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=BhattiMuhammad Faraz en-aut-sei=Bhatti en-aut-mei=Muhammad Faraz kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=phytopathogenic fungi kn-keyword=phytopathogenic fungi en-keyword=mycovirome kn-keyword=mycovirome en-keyword=next-generation sequencing kn-keyword=next-generation sequencing en-keyword=Diplodia seriata kn-keyword=Diplodia seriata en-keyword=Botryosphaeriaceae kn-keyword=Botryosphaeriaceae en-keyword=ssRNA virus kn-keyword=ssRNA virus en-keyword=dsRNA virus kn-keyword=dsRNA virus en-keyword=virus kn-keyword=virus en-keyword=virus interaction kn-keyword=virus interaction END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=307 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=198606 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=202201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A new tetra-segmented splipalmivirus with divided RdRP domains from Cryphonectria naterciae, a fungus found on chestnut and cork oak trees in Europe en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Positive-sense (+), single-stranded (ss) RNA viruses with divided RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) domains have been reported from diverse filamentous ascomycetes since 2020. These viruses are termed splipalmiviruses or polynarnaviruses and have been characterized largely at the sequence level, but ill-defined biologically. Cryphonectria naterciae, from which only one virus has been reported, is an ascomycetous fungus potentially plant-pathogenic to chestnut and oak trees. We molecularly characterized multiple viruses in a single Portuguese isolate (C0614) of C. naterciae, taking a metatranscriptomic and conventional double-stranded RNA approach. Among them are a novel splipalmivirus (Cryphonectria naterciae splipalmivirus 1, CnSpV1) and a novel fusagravirus (Cryphonectria naterciae fusagravirus 1, CnFGV1). This study focused on the former virus. CnSpV1 has a tetra-segmented, (+)ssRNA genome (RNA1 to RNA4). As observed for other splipalmiviruses reported in 2020 and 2021, the RdRP domain is separately encoded by RNA1 (motifs F, A and B) and RNA2 (motifs C and D). A hypothetical protein encoded by the 5′-proximal open reading frame of RNA3 shows similarity to a counterpart conserved in some splipalmiviruses. The other RNA3-encoded protein and RNA4-encoded protein show no similarity with known proteins in a blastp search. The tetra-segment nature was confirmed by the conserved terminal sequences of the four CnSpV1 segments (RNA1 to RNA4) and their 100% coexistence in over 100 single conidial isolates tested. The experimental introduction of CnSpV1 along with CnFGV1 into a virus free strain C0754 of C. naterciae vegetatively incompatible with C0614 resulted in no phenotypic alteration, suggesting asymptomatic infection. The protoplast fusion assay indicates a considerably narrow host range of CnSpV1, restricted to the species C. naterciae and C. carpinicola. This study contributes to better understanding of the molecular and biological properties of this unique group of viruses. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatoYukiyo en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Yukiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShahiSabitree en-aut-sei=Shahi en-aut-mei=Sabitree kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TelengechPaul en-aut-sei=Telengech en-aut-mei=Paul kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HisanoSakae en-aut-sei=Hisano en-aut-mei=Sakae kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=CornejoCarolina en-aut-sei=Cornejo en-aut-mei=Carolina kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=RiglingDaniel en-aut-sei=Rigling en-aut-mei=Daniel kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Health & Biotic Interactions kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Health & Biotic Interactions kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Splipalmivirus kn-keyword=Splipalmivirus en-keyword=Capsidless kn-keyword=Capsidless en-keyword=RNA virus kn-keyword=RNA virus en-keyword=Cryphonectria naterciae kn-keyword=Cryphonectria naterciae en-keyword=Narnavirus kn-keyword=Narnavirus en-keyword=Fungal virus kn-keyword=Fungal virus en-keyword=Mycovirus kn-keyword=Mycovirus END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=167 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=1201 end-page=1204 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=202234 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A novel deltapartitivirus from red clover en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The family Partitiviridae has five genera, among which is the genus Deltapartitivirus. We report here the complete genome sequence of a deltapartitivirus from red clover, termed “red clover cryptic virus 3” (RCCV3). RCCV3 has a bisegmented double-stranded (ds) RNA genome. dsRNA1 and dsRNA2 are 1580 and 1589 nucleotides (nt) in length and are predicted to encode an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) and a capsid protein (CP), respectively. The RCCV3 RdRP shares the highest sequence identity with the RdRP of a previously reported deltapartitivirus, Medicago sativa deltapartitivirus 1 (MsDPV1) (76.5%), while the RCCV3 CP shows 50% sequence identity to the CP of MsDPV1. RdRP- and CP-based phylogenetic trees place RCCV3 into a clade of deltapartitiviruses. The sequence and phylogenetic analyses clearly indicate that RCCV3 represents a new species in the genus Deltapartitivirus. RCCV3 was detectable in all three tested cultivars of red clover. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TelengechPaul en-aut-sei=Telengech en-aut-mei=Paul kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShahiSabitree en-aut-sei=Shahi en-aut-mei=Sabitree kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=167 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=923 end-page=929 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220203 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A novel victorivirus from the phytopathogenic fungus Neofusicoccum parvum en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Neofusicoccum parvum is an important plant-pathogenic ascomycetous fungus that causes trunk diseases in a variety of plants. A limited number of reports on mycoviruses from this fungus are available. Here, we report the characterization of a novel victorivirus, Neofusicoccum parvum victorivirus 3 (NpVV3). An agarose gel dsRNA profile of a Pakistani strain of N. parvum, NFN, showed a band of similar to 5 kbp that was not detectable in Japanese strains of N. parvum. Taking a high-throughput and Sanger sequencing approach, the complete genome sequence of NpVV3 was determined to be 5226 bp in length with two open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) that encode a capsid protein (CP) and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). The RdRP appears to be translated by a stop/restart mechanism facilitated by the junction sequence AUGucUGA, as is found in some other victoriviruses. BLASTp searches showed that NpVV3 CP and RdRP share the highest amino acid sequence identity (80.5% and 72.4%, respectively) with the corresponding proteins of NpVV1 isolated from a French strain of N. parvum. However, NpVV3 was found to be different from NpVV1 in its terminal sequences and the stop/restart facilitator sequence. NpVV3 particles similar to 35 nm in diameter were partially purified and used to infect an antiviral-RNA-silencing-deficient strain (Delta cl2) of an experimental ascomycetous fungal host, Cryphonectria parasitica. NpVV3 showed symptomless infection in the new host strain. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KhanHaris Ahmed en-aut-sei=Khan en-aut-mei=Haris Ahmed kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoYukiyo en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Yukiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=JamalAtif en-aut-sei=Jamal en-aut-mei=Atif kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=BhattiMuhammad Faraz en-aut-sei=Bhatti en-aut-mei=Muhammad Faraz kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Crop Diseases Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=88 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=105 end-page=127 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220117 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Plant viruses and viroids in Japan en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=An increasing number of plant viruses and viroids have been reported from all over the world due largely to metavirogenomics approaches with technological innovation. Herein, the official changes of virus taxonomy, including the establishment of megataxonomy and amendments of the codes of virus classification and nomenclature, recently made by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses were summarized. The continued efforts of the plant virology community of Japan to index all plant viruses and viroids occurring in Japan, which represent 407 viruses, including 303 virus species and 104 unclassified viruses, and 25 viroids, including 20 species and 5 unclassified viroids, as of October 2021, were also introduced. These viruses and viroids are collectively classified into 81 genera within 26 families of 3 kingdoms (Shotokuvirae, Orthornavirae, Pararnavirae) across 2 realms (Monodnaviria and Riboviria). This review also overviewed how Japan’s plant virus/viroid studies have contributed to advance virus/viroid taxonomy. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Fuji en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MochizukiTomofumi en-aut-sei=Mochizuki en-aut-mei=Tomofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkudaMitsuru en-aut-sei=Okuda en-aut-mei=Mitsuru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsudaShinya en-aut-sei=Tsuda en-aut-mei=Shinya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KagiwadaSatoshi en-aut-sei=Kagiwada en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SekineKen-Taro en-aut-sei=Sekine en-aut-mei=Ken-Taro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=UgakiMasashi en-aut-sei=Ugaki en-aut-mei=Masashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=NatsuakiKeiko T. en-aut-sei=Natsuaki en-aut-mei=Keiko T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=IsogaiMasamichi en-aut-sei=Isogai en-aut-mei=Masamichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaokaTetsuo en-aut-sei=Maoka en-aut-mei=Tetsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakeshitaMinoru en-aut-sei=Takeshita en-aut-mei=Minoru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshikawaNobuyuki en-aut-sei=Yoshikawa en-aut-mei=Nobuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiseKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Mise en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=SasayaTakahide en-aut-sei=Sasaya en-aut-mei=Takahide kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=KubotaKenji en-aut-sei=Kubota en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamajiYasuyuki en-aut-sei=Yamaji en-aut-mei=Yasuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=17 ORCID= en-aut-name=IwanamiToru en-aut-sei=Iwanami en-aut-mei=Toru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=18 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhshimaKazusato en-aut-sei=Ohshima en-aut-mei=Kazusato kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=19 ORCID= en-aut-name=KobayashiKappei en-aut-sei=Kobayashi en-aut-mei=Kappei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=20 ORCID= en-aut-name=HatayaTatsuji en-aut-sei=Hataya en-aut-mei=Tatsuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=21 ORCID= en-aut-name=SanoTeruo en-aut-sei=Sano en-aut-mei=Teruo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=22 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=23 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Office of the President, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Tokyo University of Agriculture kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NIPP, NARO) kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazak kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Agri-Innovation Center, Iwate University kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=3 Department of Research Promotion, Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NIPP, NARO) kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Group of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=16 en-affil=Division of Core Technology for Pest Control Research, Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NIPP, NARO) kn-affil= affil-num=17 en-affil=Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=18 en-affil=Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture kn-affil= affil-num=19 en-affil=Department of Biological Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University kn-affil= affil-num=20 en-affil=Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University kn-affil= affil-num=21 en-affil=Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University kn-affil= affil-num=22 en-affil=Hirosaki University kn-affil= affil-num=23 en-affil=Group of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=95 cd-vols= no-issue=17 article-no= start-page=e00467-21 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=2021810 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Proof of Concept of the Yadokari Nature: a Capsidless Replicase-Encoding but Replication-Dependent Positive-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Virus Hosted by an Unrelated Double-Stranded RNA Virus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Viruses typically encode their own capsids that encase their genomes. However, a capsidless positive-sense single stranded RNA [(+)ssRNA] virus, YkV1, depends on an unrelated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus, YnV1, for encapsidation and replication. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=DasSubha en-aut-sei=Das en-aut-mei=Subha kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=AlamMd Mahfuz en-aut-sei=Alam en-aut-mei=Md Mahfuz kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZhangRui en-aut-sei=Zhang en-aut-mei=Rui kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HisanoSakae en-aut-sei=Hisano en-aut-mei=Sakae kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=715545 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210819 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Identification of a Novel Quinvirus in the Family Betaflexiviridae That Infects Winter Wheat en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Yellow mosaic disease in winter wheat is usually attributed to the infection by bymoviruses or furoviruses; however, there is still limited information on whether other viral agents are also associated with this disease. To investigate the wheat viromes associated with yellow mosaic disease, we carried out de novo RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of symptomatic and asymptomatic wheat-leaf samples obtained from a field in Hokkaido, Japan, in 2018 and 2019. The analyses revealed the infection by a novel betaflexivirus, which tentatively named wheat virus Q (WVQ), together with wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV, a bymovirus) and northern cereal mosaic virus (a cytorhabdovirus). Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analyses showed that the WVQ strains (of which there are at least three) were related to the members of the genus Foveavirus in the subfamily Quinvirinae (family Betaflexiviridae). In the phylogenetic tree, they form a clade distant from that of the foveaviruses, suggesting that WVQ is a member of a novel genus in the Quinvirinae. Laboratory tests confirmed that WVQ, like WYMV, is potentially transmitted through the soil to wheat plants. WVQ was also found to infect rye plants grown in the same field. Moreover, WVQ-derived small interfering RNAs accumulated in the infected wheat plants, indicating that WVQ infection induces antiviral RNA silencing responses. Given its common coexistence with WYMV, the impact of WVQ infection on yellow mosaic disease in the field warrants detailed investigation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshidaNaoto en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Naoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujitaMiki en-aut-sei=Fujita en-aut-mei=Miki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaruyamaKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Maruyama en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HyodoKiwamu en-aut-sei=Hyodo en-aut-mei=Kiwamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HisanoHiroshi en-aut-sei=Hisano en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=TamadaTetsuo en-aut-sei=Tamada en-aut-mei=Tetsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=AndikaIda Bagus en-aut-sei=Andika en-aut-mei=Ida Bagus kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Agricultural Research Institute, HOKUREN Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Betaflexiviridae kn-keyword=Betaflexiviridae en-keyword=quinvirus kn-keyword=quinvirus en-keyword=bymovirus kn-keyword=bymovirus en-keyword=yellow mosaic disease kn-keyword=yellow mosaic disease en-keyword=wheat kn-keyword=wheat en-keyword=virome kn-keyword=virome en-keyword=soil borne kn-keyword=soil borne en-keyword=variants kn-keyword=variants END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=166 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=2711 end-page=2722 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=2021727 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A second capsidless hadakavirus strain with 10 positive-sense single-stranded RNA genomic segments from Fusarium nygamai en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A unique capsidless virus with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome (hadakavirus 1, HadV1), a member of the extended picorna-like supergroup, was isolated previously from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Here, we describe the molecular and biological characterisation of a second hadakavirus strain from Fusarium nygamai, which has not been investigated in detail previously as a virus host. This virus, hadakavirus 1 strain 1NL (HadV1-1NL), has features similar to the first hadakavirus, HadV1-7n, despite having a different number of segments (10 for HadV1-1NL vs. 11 for HadV1-7n). The 10 genomic RNA segments of HadV1-1NL range in size from 0.9 kb to 2.5 kb. All HadV1-1NL segments show 67% to 86% local nucleotide sequence identity to their HadV1-7n counterparts, whereas HadV1-1NL has no homolog of HadV1-7n RNA8, which encodes a zinc-finger motif. Another interesting feature is the possible coding incapability of HadV1-1NL RNA10. HadV1-1NL was predicted to be capsidless based on the RNase A susceptibility of its replicative form dsRNA. Phenotypic comparison of multiple virus-infected and virus-free single-spore isolates indicated asymptomatic infection by HadV1-1NL. Less-efficient vertical transmission via spores was observed as the infected fungal colonies from which the spores were derived became older, as was observed for HadV1-7n. This study shows a second example of a hadakavirus that appears to have unusual features. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KhanHaris Ahmed en-aut-sei=Khan en-aut-mei=Haris Ahmed kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoYukiyo en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Yukiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=JamalAtif en-aut-sei=Jamal en-aut-mei=Atif kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=BhattiMuhammad Faraz en-aut-sei=Bhatti en-aut-mei=Muhammad Faraz kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Crop Diseases Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=10 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=100 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Identification of an RNA Silencing Suppressor Encoded by a Symptomless Fungal Hypovirus, Cryphonectria Hypovirus 4 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Previously, we have reported the ability of a symptomless hypovirus Cryphonectria hypovirus 4 (CHV4) of the chestnut blight fungus to facilitate stable infection by a co-infecting mycoreovirus 2 (MyRV2)—likely through the inhibitory effect of CHV4 on RNA silencing (Aulia et al., Virology, 2019). In this study, the N-terminal portion of the CHV4 polyprotein, termed p24, is identified as an autocatalytic protease capable of suppressing host antiviral RNA silencing. Using a bacterial expression system, CHV4 p24 is shown to cleave autocatalytically at the di-glycine peptide (Gly214-Gly215) of the polyprotein through its protease activity. Transgenic expression of CHV4 p24 in Cryphonectria parasitica suppresses the induction of one of the key genes of the antiviral RNA silencing, dicer-like 2, and stabilizes the infection of RNA silencing-susceptible virus MyRV2. This study shows functional similarity between CHV4 p24 and its homolog p29, encoded by the symptomatic prototype hypovirus CHV1. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AuliaAnnisa en-aut-sei=Aulia en-aut-mei=Annisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HyodoKiwamu en-aut-sei=Hyodo en-aut-mei=Kiwamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HisanoSakae en-aut-sei=Hisano en-aut-mei=Sakae kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HillmanBradley I. en-aut-sei=Hillman en-aut-mei=Bradley I. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=mycovirus kn-keyword=mycovirus en-keyword=reovirus kn-keyword=reovirus en-keyword=hypovirus kn-keyword=hypovirus en-keyword=Cryphonectria parasitica kn-keyword=Cryphonectria parasitica en-keyword=co-infection kn-keyword=co-infection en-keyword=RNA silencing kn-keyword=RNA silencing en-keyword=RNAi suppressor kn-keyword=RNAi suppressor en-keyword=chestnut blight fungus kn-keyword=chestnut blight fungus en-keyword=Dicer kn-keyword=Dicer END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=554 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=55 end-page=62 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=202102 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Cryphonectria nitschkei chrysovirus 1 with unique molecular features and a very narrow host range en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Cryphonectria nitschkei chrysovirus 1 (CnCV1), was described earlier from an ascomycetous fungus, Cryphonectria nitschkei strain OB5/11, collected in Japan; its partial sequence was reported a decade ago. Complete sequencing of the four genomic dsRNA segments revealed molecular features similar to but distinct from previously reported members of the family Chrysoviridae. Unique features include the presence of a mini-cistron preceding the major large open reading frame in each genomic segment. Common features include the presence of CAA repeats in the 5′-untranslated regions and conserved terminal sequences. CnCV1-OB5/11 could be laterally transferred to C. nitschkei and its relatives C. radicalis and C. naterciae via coculturing, virion transfection and protoplast fusion, but not to fungal species other than the three species mentioned above, even within the genus Cryphonectria, suggesting a very narrow host range. Phenotypic comparison of a few sets of CnCV1-infected and -free isogenic strains showed symptomless infection in new hosts. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ShahiSabitree en-aut-sei=Shahi en-aut-mei=Sabitree kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChibaSotaro en-aut-sei=Chiba en-aut-mei=Sotaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Cryphonectria nitschkei kn-keyword=Cryphonectria nitschkei en-keyword=Cryphonectria parasitica kn-keyword=Cryphonectria parasitica en-keyword=Cryphonectria radicalis kn-keyword=Cryphonectria radicalis en-keyword=Chrysovirus kn-keyword=Chrysovirus en-keyword=Fungal virus kn-keyword=Fungal virus en-keyword=dsRNA kn-keyword=dsRNA en-keyword=Host range kn-keyword=Host range END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=5627 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20201106 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Establishment of Neurospora crassa as a model organism for fungal virology en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa is used as a model organism for genetics, developmental biology and molecular biology. Remarkably, it is not known to host or to be susceptible to infection with any viruses. Here, we identify diverse RNA viruses in N. crassa and other Neurospora species, and show that N. crassa supports the replication of these viruses as well as some viruses from other fungi. Several encapsidated double-stranded RNA viruses and capsid-less positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses can be experimentally introduced into N. crassa protoplasts or spheroplasts. This allowed us to examine viral replication and RNAi-mediated antiviral responses in this organism. We show that viral infection upregulates the transcription of RNAi components, and that Dicer proteins (DCL-1, DCL-2) and an Argonaute (QDE-2) participate in suppression of viral replication. Our study thus establishes N. crassa as a model system for the study of host-virus interactions. The fungus Neurospora crassa is a model organism for the study of various biological processes, but it is not known to be infected by any viruses. Here, Honda et al. identify RNA viruses that infect N. crassa and examine viral replication and RNAi-mediated antiviral responses, thus establishing this fungus as a model for the study of host-virus interactions. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HondaShinji en-aut-sei=Honda en-aut-mei=Shinji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=Eusebio-CopeAna en-aut-sei=Eusebio-Cope en-aut-mei=Ana kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyashitaShuhei en-aut-sei=Miyashita en-aut-mei=Shuhei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YokoyamaAyumi en-aut-sei=Yokoyama en-aut-mei=Ayumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=AuliaAnnisa en-aut-sei=Aulia en-aut-mei=Annisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShahiSabitree en-aut-sei=Shahi en-aut-mei=Sabitree kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Fungal biology kn-keyword=Fungal biology en-keyword=Virus–host interactions kn-keyword=Virus–host interactions END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=592789 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20201020 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Molecular Characterization of a Novel Polymycovirus From Penicillium janthinellum With a Focus on Its Genome-Associated PASrp en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The genus Polymycovirus of the family Polymycoviridae accommodates fungal RNA viruses with different genomic segment numbers (four, five, or eight). It is suggested that four members form no true capsids and one forms filamentous virus particles enclosing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In both cases, viral dsRNA is associated with a viral protein termed "proline-alanine-serine-rich protein" (PASrp). These forms are assumed to be the infectious entity. However, the detailed molecular characteristics of PASrps remain unclear. Here, we identified a novel five-segmented polymycovirus, Penicillium janthinellum polymycovirus 1 (PjPmV1), and characterized its purified fraction form in detail. The PjPmV1 had five dsRNA segments associated with PASrp. Density gradient ultracentrifugation of the PASrp-associated PjPmV1 dsRNA revealed its uneven structure and a broad fractionation profile distinct from that of typical encapsidated viruses. Moreover, PjPmV1-PASrp interacted in vitro with various nucleic acids in a sequence-non-specific manner. These PjPmV1 features are discussed in view of the diversification of genomic segment numbers of the genus Polymycovirus. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatoYukiyo en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Yukiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=JamalAtif en-aut-sei=Jamal en-aut-mei=Atif kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Crop Diseases Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=fungal virus kn-keyword=fungal virus en-keyword=RNA virus kn-keyword=RNA virus en-keyword=polymycovirus kn-keyword=polymycovirus en-keyword=Penicillium janthinellum kn-keyword=Penicillium janthinellum en-keyword=capsidless kn-keyword=capsidless en-keyword=multi-segmented kn-keyword=multi-segmented en-keyword=proline-alanine-serine rich protein kn-keyword=proline-alanine-serine rich protein END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=244 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=75 end-page=83 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2018 dt-pub=20180115 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A neo-virus lifestyle exhibited by a (+)ssRNA virus hosted in an unrelated dsRNA virus: Taxonomic and evolutionary considerations en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Recent studies illustrate that fungi as virus hosts provides a unique platform for hunting viruses and exploring virus/virus and virus/host interactions. Such studies have revealed a number of as-yet-unreported viruses and virus/virus interactions. Among them is a unique intimate relationship between a (+)ssRNA virus, yado-kari virus (YkV1) and an unrelated dsRNA virus, yado-nushi virus (YnV1). YkV1 dsRNA, a replicated form of YkV1, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, are trans-encapsidated by the capsid protein of YnV1. While YnV1 can complete its replication cycle, YkV1 relies on YnV1 for its viability. We previously proposed a model in which YkV1 diverts YnV1 capsids as the replication sites. YkV1 is neither satellite virus nor satellite RNA, because YkV1 appears to encode functional RdRp and enhances YnV1 accumulation. This represents a unique mutualistic virus/virus interplay and similar relations in other virus/host fungus systems are detectable. We propose to establish the family Yadokariviridae that accommodates YkV1 and recently discovered viruses phylogenetically related to YkV1. This article overviews what is known and unknown about the YkV1/YnV1 interactions. Also discussed are the YnV1 Phytoreo_S7 and YkV1 2A-like domains that may have been captured via horizontal transfer during the course of evolution and are conserved across extant diverse RNA viruses. Lastly, evolutionary scenarios are envisioned for YkV1 and YnV1. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HisanoSakae en-aut-sei=Hisano en-aut-mei=Sakae kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZhangRui en-aut-sei=Zhang en-aut-mei=Rui kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FarukMd. Iqbal en-aut-sei=Faruk en-aut-mei=Md. Iqbal kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Yado-nushi virus kn-keyword=Yado-nushi virus en-keyword=Yado-kari virus kn-keyword=Yado-kari virus en-keyword=Mutualism kn-keyword=Mutualism en-keyword=Mycovirus kn-keyword=Mycovirus en-keyword=dsRNA kn-keyword=dsRNA en-keyword=Evolution kn-keyword=Evolution END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=1 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=15001 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=20160111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A capsidless ssRNA virus hosted by an unrelated dsRNA virus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Viruses typically encode the capsid that encases their genome, while satellite viruses do not encode a replicase and depend on a helper virus for their replication1. Here, we report interplay between two RNA viruses, yado-nushi virus 1 (YnV1) and yado-kari virus 1 (YkV1), in a phytopathogenic fungus, Rosellinia necatrix2. YkV1 has a close phylogenetic affinity to positive-sense, single-stranded (+)ssRNA viruses such as animal caliciviruses3, while YnV1 has an undivided double-stranded (ds) RNA genome with a resemblance to fungal totiviruses4. Virion transfection and infectious full-length cDNA transformation has shown that YkV1 depends on YnV1 for viability, although it probably encodes functional RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Immunological and molecular analyses have revealed trans-encapsidation of not only YkV1 RNA but also RdRp by the capsid protein of the other virus (YnV1), and enhancement of YnV1 accumulation by YkV1. This study demonstrates interplay in which the capsidless (+)ssRNA virus (YkV1), hijacks the capsid protein of the dsRNA virus (YnV1), and replicates as if it were a dsRNA virus. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ZhangRui en-aut-sei=Zhang en-aut-mei=Rui kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HisanoSakae en-aut-sei=Hisano en-aut-mei=Sakae kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaniAkio en-aut-sei=Tani en-aut-mei=Akio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanematsuSatoko en-aut-sei=Kanematsu en-aut-mei=Satoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Molecular evolution kn-keyword=Molecular evolution en-keyword=Viral genetics kn-keyword=Viral genetics END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=e00450-20 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200526 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Hadaka Virus 1: a Capsidless Eleven-Segmented Positive-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Virus from a Phytopathogenic Fungus, Fusarium oxysporum en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The search for viruses infecting fungi, or mycoviruses, has extended our knowledge about the diversity of RNA viruses, as exemplified by the discovery of polymycoviruses, a phylogenetic group of multisegmented RNA viruses with unusual forms. The genomic RNAs of known polymycoviruses, which show a phylogenetic affinity for animal positive-sense single-stranded RNA [(+)RNA] viruses such as caliciviruses, are comprised of four conserved segments with an additional zero to four segments. The double-stranded form of polymycovirus genomic RNA is assumed to be associated with a virally encoded protein (proline-alanine-serine-rich protein [PASrp]) in either of two manners: a capsidless colloidal form or a filamentous encapsidated form. Detailed molecular characterizations of polymycoviruses, however, have been conducted for only a few strains. Here, a novel polymyco-related virus named Hadaka virus 1 (HadV1), from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum, was characterized. The genomic RNA of HadV1 consisted of an 11-segmented positive-sense RNA with highly conserved terminal nucleotide sequences. HadV1 shared the three conserved segments with known polymycoviruses but lacked the PASrp-encoding segment. Unlike the known polymycoviruses and encapsidated viruses, HadV1 was not pelleted by conventional ultracentrifugation, possibly due to the lack of PASrp. This result implied that HadV1 exists only as a soluble form with naked RNA. Nevertheless, the 11 genomic segments of HadV1 have been stably maintained through host subculturing and conidiation. Taken together, the results of this study revealed a virus with a potential novel virus lifestyle, carrying many genomic segments without typical capsids or PASrp-associated forms. IMPORTANCE Fungi collectively host various RNA viruses. Examples include encapsidated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses with diverse numbers of genomic segments (from 1 to 12) and capsidless viruses with nonsegmented (+)RNA genomes. Recently, viruses with unusual intermediate features of an infectious entity between encapsidated dsRNA viruses and capsidless (+)RNA viruses were found. They are called polymycoviruses, which typically have four to eight dsRNA genomic segments associated with one of the virus-encoded proteins and are phylogenetically distantly related to animal (+)RNA caliciviruses. Here, we identified a novel virus phylogenetically related to polymycoviruses, from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum. The virus, termed Hadaka virus 1 (HadV1), has 11 (+)RNA genomic segments, the largest number in known (+)RNA viruses. Nevertheless, HadV1 lacked a typical structural protein of polymycoviruses and was not pelleted by standard ultracentrifugation, implying an unusual capsidless nature of HadV1. This study reveals a potential novel lifestyle of multisegmented RNA viruses. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatoYukiyo en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Yukiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShamsiWajeeha en-aut-sei=Shamsi en-aut-mei=Wajeeha kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=JamalAtif en-aut-sei=Jamal en-aut-mei=Atif kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=BhattiMuhammad Faraz en-aut-sei=Bhatti en-aut-mei=Muhammad Faraz kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Crop Diseases Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=fungal virus kn-keyword=fungal virus en-keyword=polymycovirus kn-keyword=polymycovirus en-keyword=Fusarium oxysporum kn-keyword=Fusarium oxysporum en-keyword=multisegmented kn-keyword=multisegmented en-keyword=RNA virus kn-keyword=RNA virus en-keyword=capsidless kn-keyword=capsidless en-keyword=neo-virus lifestyle kn-keyword=neo-virus lifestyle END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=1 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=100001 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200720 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Dicer monitoring in a model filamentous fungus host, Cryphonectria parasitica en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The ascomycete Cryphonectria parasitica has served as a model filamentous fungus for studying virus host interactions because of its susceptibility to diverse viruses, its genetic manipulability and the availability of many biological and molecular tools. Cryphonectria prasitica is known to activate antiviral RNA silencing upon infection by some viruses via transcriptional up-regulation of key RNA silencing genes. Here, utilizing a newly developed GFP-based reporter system to monitor dicer-like 2 (dcl2) transcript levels, we show different levels of antiviral RNA silencing activation by different viruses. Some viruses such as mycoreovirus 1, a suppressor-lacking mutant of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1-Δp69) and Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 11 (RnPV11) highly induced RNA silencing, while others such as CHV3, Rosellinia necatrix victorivirus 1 and RnPV19 did not. There was considerable variation in dcl2 induction by different members within the family Hypoviridae with positive-sense single-stranded RNA genomes or Partitiviridae with double-stranded RNA genomes. Northern blotting and an in vitro Dicer assay developed recently by us using mycelial homogenates validated the reporter assay results for several representative virus strains. Taken together, this study represents a development in the monitoring of Dicer activity in virus-infected C. parasitica. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AuliaAnnisa en-aut-sei=Aulia en-aut-mei=Annisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TabaraMidori en-aut-sei=Tabara en-aut-mei=Midori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TelengechPaul en-aut-sei=Telengech en-aut-mei=Paul kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukuharaToshiyuki en-aut-sei=Fukuhara en-aut-mei=Toshiyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Applied Biological Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Applied Biological Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Dicer kn-keyword=Dicer en-keyword=RNA silencing kn-keyword=RNA silencing en-keyword=Fungal virus kn-keyword=Fungal virus en-keyword=RNA virus kn-keyword=RNA virus en-keyword=Antiviral defense kn-keyword=Antiviral defense END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1064 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200626 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Diverse Partitiviruses From the Phytopathogenic Fungus,Rosellinia necatrix en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Partitiviruses (dsRNA viruses, familyPartitiviridae) are ubiquitously detected in plants and fungi. Although previous surveys suggested their omnipresence in the white root rot fungus,Rosellinia necatrix, only a few of them have been molecularly and biologically characterized thus far. We report the characterization of a total of 20 partitiviruses from 16R. necatrixstrains belonging to 15 new species, for which "Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 11-Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 25" were proposed, and 5 previously reported species. The newly identified partitiviruses have been taxonomically placed in two genera,Alphapartitivirus, andBetapartitivirus. Some partitiviruses were transfected into reference strains of the natural host,R. necatrix, and an experimental host,Cryphonectria parasitica, using purified virions. A comparative analysis of resultant transfectants revealed interesting differences and similarities between the RNA accumulation and symptom induction patterns ofR. necatrixandC. parasitica. Other interesting findings include the identification of a probable reassortment event and a quintuple partitivirus infection of a single fungal strain. These combined results provide a foundation for further studies aimed at elucidating mechanisms that underly the differences observed. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TelengechPaul en-aut-sei=Telengech en-aut-mei=Paul kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HisanoSakae en-aut-sei=Hisano en-aut-mei=Sakae kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MugambiCyrus en-aut-sei=Mugambi en-aut-mei=Cyrus kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HyodoKiwamu en-aut-sei=Hyodo en-aut-mei=Kiwamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=Arjona-LopezJuan Manuel en-aut-sei=Arjona-Lopez en-aut-mei=Juan Manuel kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=Lopez-HerreraCarlos Jose en-aut-sei=Lopez-Herrera en-aut-mei=Carlos Jose kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanematsuSatoko en-aut-sei=Kanematsu en-aut-mei=Satoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute for Sustainable Agriculture,Spanish Research Council kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=partitivirus kn-keyword=partitivirus en-keyword=dsRNA virus kn-keyword=dsRNA virus en-keyword=phytopathogenic fungus kn-keyword=phytopathogenic fungus en-keyword=Rosellinia necatrix kn-keyword=Rosellinia necatrix en-keyword=Cryphonectria parasitica kn-keyword=Cryphonectria parasitica en-keyword=diversity kn-keyword=diversity en-keyword=reassortment kn-keyword=reassortment en-keyword=horizontal transfer kn-keyword=horizontal transfer END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=509 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200407 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Virome Analysis of Aphid Populations That Infest the Barley Field: The Discovery of Two Novel Groups of Nege/Kita-Like Viruses and Other Novel RNA Viruses en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Aphids (order Hemiptera) are important insect pests of crops and are also vectors of many plant viruses. However, little is known about aphid-infecting viruses, particularly their diversity and relationship to plant viruses. To investigate the aphid viromes, we performed deep sequencing analyses of the aphid transcriptomes from infested barley plants in a field in Japan. We discovered virus-like sequences related to nege/kita-, flavi-, tombus-, phenui-, mononega-, narna-, chryso-, partiti-, and luteoviruses. Using RT-PCR and sequence analyses, we determined almost complete sequences of seven nege/kitavirus-like virus genomes; one of which was a variant of the Wuhan house centipede virus (WHCV-1). The other six seem to belong to four novel viruses distantly related to Wuhan insect virus 9 (WhIV-9) or Hubei nege-like virus 4 (HVLV-4). We designated the four viruses as barley aphid RNA virus 1 to 4 (BARV-1 to -4). Moreover, some nege/kitavirus-like sequences were found by searches on the transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) libraries of arthropods and plants. Phylogenetic analyses showed that BARV-1 forms a clade with WHCV-1 and HVLV-4, whereas BARV-2 to -4 clustered with WhIV-9 and an aphid virus, Aphis glycines virus 3. Both virus groups (tentatively designated as Centivirus and Aphiglyvirus, respectively), together with arthropod virus-like TSAs, fill the phylogenetic gaps between the negeviruses and kitaviruses lineages. We also characterized the flavi/jingmen-like and tombus-like virus sequences as well as other RNA viruses, including six putative novel viruses, designated as barley aphid RNA viruses 5 to 10. Interestingly, we also discovered that some aphid-associated viruses, including nege/kita-like viruses, were present in different aphid species, raising a speculation that these viruses might be distributed across different aphid species with plants being the reservoirs. This study provides novel information on the diversity and spread of nege/kitavirus-related viruses and other RNA viruses that are associated with aphids. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujitaMiki en-aut-sei=Fujita en-aut-mei=Miki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HisanoHiroshi en-aut-sei=Hisano en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HyodoKiwamu en-aut-sei=Hyodo en-aut-mei=Kiwamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=AndikaIda Bagus en-aut-sei=Andika en-aut-mei=Ida Bagus kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=negevirus kn-keyword=negevirus en-keyword=kitavirus kn-keyword=kitavirus en-keyword=aphid kn-keyword=aphid en-keyword=virome kn-keyword=virome en-keyword=RNA seq kn-keyword=RNA seq en-keyword=barley kn-keyword=barley en-keyword=diversity kn-keyword=diversity en-keyword=horizontal transmission kn-keyword=horizontal transmission END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=100 cd-vols= no-issue=9 article-no= start-page=1269 end-page=1270 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190901 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Megabirnaviridae en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Megabirnaviridae is a family of non-enveloped spherical viruses with dsRNA genomes of two linear segments, each of 7.2-8.9 kbp, comprising 16.1 kbp in total. The genus Megabirnavirus includes the species Rosellinia necatrix megabirnavirus 1, the exemplar isolate of which infects the white root rot fungus (Rosellinia necatrix) to which it confers hypovirulence. Megabirnaviruses are characterized by their bisegmented genome with large 5'-untranslated regions (1.6 kb) upstream of both 5'-proximal coding strand ORFs, and large protrusions on the particle surface. This is a summary of the ICTV Report on the family Megabirnaviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/megabirnaviridae. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatoYukiyo en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Yukiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyazakiNaoyuki en-aut-sei=Miyazaki en-aut-mei=Naoyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanematsuSatoko en-aut-sei=Kanematsu en-aut-mei=Satoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=XieJiatao en-aut-sei=Xie en-aut-mei=Jiatao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=GhabrialSaid A. en-aut-sei=Ghabrial en-aut-mei=Said A. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HillmanBradley I. en-aut-sei=Hillman en-aut-mei=Bradley I. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil= Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil= National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Headquarters kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=ICTV Report kn-keyword=ICTV Report en-keyword=Megabirnaviridae kn-keyword=Megabirnaviridae en-keyword=taxonomy kn-keyword=taxonomy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=73 end-page=88 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2014 dt-pub=20140916 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Detection and analysis of non-retroviral RNA virus-like elements in plant, fungal, and insect genomes. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Endogenous non-retroviral RNA like sequences (NRVSs) have been discovered in the genome of a wide range of eukaryotes. These are considered as fossil RNA viral elements integrated into host genomes by as-yet-known mechanisms, and in many cases, those fossils are estimated to be millions-of-years-old. It is likely that the number of NRVS records will increase rapidly due to the growing availability of whole-genome sequences for many kinds of eukaryotes. Discovery of the novel NRVSs and understanding of their phylogenetic relationship with modern viral relatives provide important information on deep evolutionary history of RNA virus-host interactions. In this chapter, therefore, the common strategies for the identification and characterization of endogenous NRVSs from plants, insects, and fungi are described. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChibaSotaro en-aut-sei=Chiba en-aut-mei=Sotaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Pareovirology kn-keyword=Pareovirology en-keyword=Molecular fossil record kn-keyword=Molecular fossil record en-keyword=Non-retrovirus-like sequence kn-keyword=Non-retrovirus-like sequence en-keyword=Database search kn-keyword=Database search en-keyword=Whole-genome shotgun kn-keyword=Whole-genome shotgun en-keyword=Genomic PCR kn-keyword=Genomic PCR en-keyword=Southern blotting kn-keyword=Southern blotting en-keyword=Phylogenetic analysis kn-keyword=Phylogenetic analysis en-keyword=Maximum-likelihood kn-keyword=Maximum-likelihood END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=159 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=163 end-page=166 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=20130716 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Complete genome sequence of Habenaria mosaic virus, a new potyvirus infecting a terrestrial orchid (Habenaria radiata) in Japan en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= The complete genomic sequence of Habenaria mosaic virus (HaMV), which infects terrestrial orchids (Habenaria radiata), has been determined. The genome is composed of 9,499 nucleotides excluding the 3'-terminal poly(A) tail, encoding a large polyprotein of 3,054 amino acids with the genomic features typical of a potyvirus. Putative proteolytic cleavage sites were identified by sequence comparison to those of known potyviruses. The HaMV polyprotein showed 58 % amino acid sequence identity to that encoded by the most closely related potyvirus, tobacco vein banding mosaic virus. Phylogenetic analysis of the polyprotein amino acid sequence and its coding sequences confirmed that HaMV formed a cluster with the chilli veinal mottle virus group, most of which infect solanaceous plants. These results suggest that HaMV is a distinct member of the genus Potyvirus. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaedaTakanori en-aut-sei=Maeda en-aut-mei=Takanori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=I Wayan Gara en-aut-sei=I Wayan Gara en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChibaSotaro en-aut-sei=Chiba en-aut-mei=Sotaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaruyamaKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Maruyama en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TamadaTetsuo en-aut-sei=Tamada en-aut-mei=Tetsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=College of Bioresource SciencesNihon University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=160 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=2099 end-page=104 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2015 dt-pub=20150531 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Cymbidium chlorotic mosaic virus, a new sobemovirus isolated from a spring orchid (Cymbidium goeringii) in Japan. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Cymbidium chlorotic mosaic virus (CyCMV), isolated from a spring orchid (Cymbidium goeringii), was characterized molecularly. CyCMV isometric virions comprise a single, positive-strand RNA genome of 4,083 nucleotides and 30-kDa coat protein. The virus genome contains five overlapping open reading frames with a genomic organization similar to that of sobemoviruses. BLAST searches and phylogenetic analysis revealed that CyCMV is most closely related to papaya lethal yellowing virus, a proposed dicot-infecting sobemovirus (58.8 % nucleotide sequence identity), but has a relatively distant relationship to monocot-infecting sobemoviruses, with only modest sequence identities. This suggests that CyCMV is a new monocot-infecting member of the floating genus Sobemovirus. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakemotoShogo en-aut-sei=Takemoto en-aut-mei=Shogo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaruyamaKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Maruyama en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChibaSotaro en-aut-sei=Chiba en-aut-mei=Sotaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=Ida Bagus Andika en-aut-sei=Ida Bagus Andika en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=213 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=353 end-page=364 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=201602 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of novel totivirus-like double-stranded RNAs from field-collected powdery mildew fungi en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= The identification of mycoviruses contributes greatly to understanding of the diversity and evolutionary aspects of viruses. Powdery mildew fungi are important and widely studied obligate phytopathogenic agents, but there has been no report on mycoviruses infecting these fungi. In this study, we used a deep sequencing approach to analyze the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments isolated from field-collected samples of powdery mildew fungus-infected red clover plants in Japan. Database searches identified the presence of at least ten totivirus (genus Totivirus)-like sequences, termed red clover powdery mildew-associated totiviruses (RPaTVs). The majority of these sequences shared moderate amino acid sequence identity with each other (<44%) and with other known totiviruses (<59%). Nine of these identified sequences (RPaTV1a, 1b and 2-8) resembled the genome of the prototype totivirus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus-L-A (ScV-L-A) in that they contained two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) encoding a putative coat protein (CP) and an RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), while one sequence (RPaTV9) showed similarity to another totivirus, Ustilago maydis virus H1 (UmV-H1) that encodes a single polyprotein (CP-RdRp fusion). Similar to yeast totiviruses, each ScV-L-A-like RPaTV contains a -1 ribosomal frameshift site downstream of a predicted pseudoknot structure in the overlapping region of these ORFs, suggesting that the RdRp is translated as a CP-RdRp fusion. Moreover, several ScV-L-A-like sequences were also found by searches of the transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) libraries from rust fungi, plants and insects. Phylogenetic analyses show that nine ScV-L-A-like RPaTVs along with ScV-L-A-like sequences derived from TSA libraries are clustered with most established members of the genus Totivirus, while one RPaTV forms a new distinct clade with UmV-H1, possibly establishing an additional genus in the family. Taken together, our results indicate the presence of diverse, novel totiviruses in the powdery mildew fungus populations infecting red clover plants in the field. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HisanoSakae en-aut-sei=Hisano en-aut-mei=Sakae kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChibaSotaro en-aut-sei=Chiba en-aut-mei=Sotaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaruyamaKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Maruyama en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=AndikaIda Bagus en-aut-sei=Andika en-aut-mei=Ida Bagus kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ToyodaKazuhiro en-aut-sei=Toyoda en-aut-mei=Kazuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujimoriFumihiro en-aut-sei=Fujimori en-aut-mei=Fumihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Environmental Education, Tokyo Kasei University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Deep sequencing kn-keyword=Deep sequencing en-keyword=Double stranded RNA virus kn-keyword=Double stranded RNA virus en-keyword= Powdery mildew kn-keyword= Powdery mildew en-keyword=Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus L-A kn-keyword=Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus L-A en-keyword=Totivirus kn-keyword=Totivirus en-keyword=Ustilago maydis virus H1 kn-keyword=Ustilago maydis virus H1 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=533 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=125 end-page=136 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Two novel fungal negative-strand RNA viruses related to mymonaviruses and phenuiviruses in the shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Abstract There is still limited information on the diversity of (−)ssRNA viruses that infect fungi. Here, we have discovered two novel (−)ssRNA mycoviruses in the shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes). The first virus has a monopartite RNA genome and relates to that of mymonaviruses (Mononegavirales), especially to Hubei rhabdo-like virus 4 from arthropods and thus designated as Lentinula edodes negative-strand RNA virus 1. The second virus has a putative bipartite RNA genome and is related to the recently discovered bipartite or tripartite phenui-like viruses (Bunyavirales) associated with plants and ticks, and designated as Lentinula edodes negative-strand RNA virus 2 (LeNSRV2). LeNSRV2 is likely the first segmented (−)ssRNA virus known to infect fungi. Its smaller RNA segment encodes a putative nucleocapsid and a plant MP-like protein using a potential ambisense coding strategy. These findings enhance our understanding of the diversity, evolution and spread of (−)ssRNA viruses in fungi. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Lin Yu-Hsin en-aut-sei=Lin en-aut-mei= Yu-Hsin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=Fujita Miki en-aut-sei=Fujita en-aut-mei= Miki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=Chiba Sotaro en-aut-sei=Chiba en-aut-mei= Sotaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=Hyodo Kiwamu en-aut-sei=Hyodo en-aut-mei= Kiwamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=Andika Ida Bagus en-aut-sei=Andika en-aut-mei= Ida Bagus kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=Suzuki Nobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei= Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=Kondo Hideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei= Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Ambisense kn-keyword=Ambisense en-keyword=Bipartite genome kn-keyword=Bipartite genome en-keyword=Endogenous virus element kn-keyword=Endogenous virus element en-keyword=Evolution kn-keyword=Evolution en-keyword=High-throughput sequencing kn-keyword=High-throughput sequencing en-keyword=Lentinula edodes kn-keyword=Lentinula edodes en-keyword=Mymonaviridae kn-keyword=Mymonaviridae en-keyword=Negative-strand RNA virus kn-keyword=Negative-strand RNA virus en-keyword=Phenuiviridae kn-keyword=Phenuiviridae en-keyword=Shitake mushroom kn-keyword=Shitake mushroom END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=262 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=37 end-page=47 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190331 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A novel insect-infecting virga/nege-like virus group and its pervasive endogenization into insect genomes en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Insects are the host and vector of diverse viruses including those that infect vertebrates, plants, and fungi. Recent wide-scale transcriptomic analyses have uncovered the existence of a number of novel insect viruses belonging to an alphavirus-like superfamily (virgavirus/negevirus-related lineage). In this study, through an in silico search using publicly available insect transcriptomic data, we found numerous virus-like sequences related to insect virga/nege-like viruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these novel viruses and related virus-like sequences fill the major phylogenetic gaps between insect and plant virga/negevirus lineages. Interestingly, one of the phylogenetic clades represents a unique insect-infecting virus group. Its members encode putative coat proteins which contained a conserved domain similar to that usually found in the coat protein of plant viruses in the family Virgaviridae. Furthermore, we discovered endogenous viral elements (EVEs) related to virga/nege-like viruses in the insect genomes, which enhances our understanding on their evolution. Database searches using the sequence of one member from this group revealed the presence of EVEs in a wide range of insect species, suggesting that there has been prevalent infection by this virus group since ancient times. Besides, we present detailed EVE integration profiles of this virus group in some species of the Bombus genus of bee families. A large variation in EVE patterns among Bombus species suggested that while some integration events occurred after the species divergence, others occurred before it. Our analyses support the view that insect and plant virga/nege-related viruses might share common virus origin(s). en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Kondo Hideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei= Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=Chiba Sotaro en-aut-sei=Chiba en-aut-mei= Sotaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=Maruyama Kazuyuki en-aut-sei=Maruyama en-aut-mei= Kazuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=Andika Ida Bagus en-aut-sei=Andika en-aut-mei= Ida Bagus kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=Suzuki Nobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei= Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Bumblebee kn-keyword=Bumblebee en-keyword=Endogenous viral element kn-keyword=Endogenous viral element en-keyword= Evolution kn-keyword= Evolution en-keyword=Insect kn-keyword=Insect en-keyword= Plant alpha-like virus kn-keyword= Plant alpha-like virus en-keyword=Transcriptome shotgun assembly kn-keyword=Transcriptome shotgun assembly en-keyword=Whole genome shotgun assembly kn-keyword=Whole genome shotgun assembly END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=361 end-page=365 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=201908 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A Case of Primary Colonic Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma in a Young Man which Preoperatively Mimicked Phlebosclerotic Colitis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= A 35-year-old man was referred to our hospital for chronic abdominal pain and diarrhea. Computed tomography showed wall thickening, poor contrast enhancement and calcification of the ascending colon, which were consistent with phlebosclerotic colitis. Malignant character was not detected from a biopsy specimen. Operatively, we observed a scirrhous mass of the ascending colon invading surrounding tissue, which was diagnosed as signet ring cell carcinoma based on analysis of an intraoperative frozen section. Right hemicolectomy with regional lymph node dissection was performed. This case was extremely similar to phlebosclerotic colitis in clinical findings; surgical resection was required for correct diagnosis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WatanabeAyako en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Ayako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KadowakiYoshihiko en-aut-sei=Kadowaki en-aut-mei=Yoshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HattoriKenji en-aut-sei=Hattori en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhmoriMika en-aut-sei=Ohmori en-aut-mei=Mika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsukayamaHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Tsukayama en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KubotaNobuhito en-aut-sei=Kubota en-aut-mei=Nobuhito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkumotoTatsuo en-aut-sei=Okumoto en-aut-mei=Tatsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshidoNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Ishido en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkinoTakeshi en-aut-sei=Okino en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Kobe Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Kobe Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Kobe Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Japanese Red Cross Kobe Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Kobe Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Kobe Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Kobe Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Kobe Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Kobe Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=phlebosclerotic colitis kn-keyword=phlebosclerotic colitis en-keyword=colorectal cancer kn-keyword=colorectal cancer en-keyword=signet ring cell carcinoma kn-keyword=signet ring cell carcinoma en-keyword=young colorectal cancer kn-keyword=young colorectal cancer END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=67 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=351 end-page=358 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=201312 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A New Navigation System for Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A computer-assisted navigation system to be used for total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) was reported to improve the accuracy of bone resection and result in precise implant placement, but the concomitant surgical invasion and time consumption are clinical problems. We developed a computed tomography (CT)-based navigation system (NNS) to be used for minimally invasive TKA. It requires only the reference points from a small limited area of the medial femoral condyle and proximal tibia through a skin incision to obtain optical images. Here we evaluated the usefulness and accuracy of the NNS in comparison with the commercially available BrainLAB image-free navigation system (BLS). In a clinical experiment, the registration times obtained with the NNS tended to be shorter than those obtained with the BLS, but not significantly so. The NNS group tended to be in the extended position in the sagittal plane of the distal femur within 3 degrees, and the BLS group showed rather flexed deviation in the sagittal plane of the anterior femur. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YokoyamaYusuke en-aut-sei=Yokoyama en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=AbeNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Abe en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiwaraKazuo en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=Kazuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiMasahiko en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Masahiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakajimaYoshikazu en-aut-sei=Nakajima en-aut-mei=Yoshikazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SugitaNaohiko en-aut-sei=Sugita en-aut-mei=Naohiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MitsuishiMamoru en-aut-sei=Mitsuishi en-aut-mei=Mamoru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakashimaYoshio en-aut-sei=Nakashima en-aut-mei=Yoshio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=OzakiToshifumi en-aut-sei=Ozaki en-aut-mei=Toshifumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sport Medicine, Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Intelligent Orthopaedic System, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Research Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Nakashima Medical Co., Ltd affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences en-keyword=total knee arthroplasty kn-keyword=total knee arthroplasty en-keyword=navigation system kn-keyword=navigation system en-keyword=minimally invasive surgery kn-keyword=minimally invasive surgery END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=50 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=293 end-page=297 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1996 dt-pub=199612 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Increased endothelial and epidermal thrombomodulin expression and plasma thrombomodulin level in progressive systemic sclerosis. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

To clarify the relation between systemic and cutaneous vascular endothelial injury in progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), we examined thrombomodulin (TM) expression in PSS skin lesions immuno-histopathologically and compared it with plasma soluble TM levels measured by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The plasma soluble TM level in PSS patients was significantly higher than that of normal controls and was as high as the levels of SLE patients. In relation to disease activities, the plasma TM levels of sclerotic phase PSS patients were significantly higher than that of atrophic phase PSS patients. The plasma samples with anti-Scl-70 antibody showed a high TM level than samples with anti-centromere antibody or anti-RNP antibody. Barnett's types or systemic corticosteroid treatment did not affect the TM level. Histopathologically, the dermal endothelial TM expression significantly increased in the sclerotic skin and moderately increased in the non-sclerotic skin of PSS compared with that of normal control skin. In addition, immunoreactive TM expression in the epidermis also increased in PSS. Disease activity-dependent elevation of plasma TM levels and immuno-histopathological expression of TM suggested generalized endothelial and epidermal cell involvement in PSS, and compensation in part by overproduction of TM by endothelial cells.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MizutaniHitoshi en-aut-sei=Mizutani en-aut-mei=Hitoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HayashiTatsuya en-aut-sei=Hayashi en-aut-mei=Tatsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NouchiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Nouchi en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=InachiShin en-aut-sei=Inachi en-aut-mei=Shin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiKoji en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimizuMasayuki en-aut-sei=Shimizu en-aut-mei=Masayuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Mie University Faculty of Medicine affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Mie University Faculty of Medicine affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Mie University Faculty of Medicine affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Mie University Faculty of Medicine affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Mie University Faculty of Medicine affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Mie University Faculty of Medicine en-keyword=thrombomodulin kn-keyword=thrombomodulin en-keyword=scleroderma kn-keyword=scleroderma en-keyword=skin kn-keyword=skin en-keyword=endothelial cells kn-keyword=endothelial cells en-keyword=keratinocyte kn-keyword=keratinocyte END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=116 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=9 end-page=16 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=20040531 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=心不全における酸化ストレスの関与：基礎的ならびに臨床的検討 ―岡山大学医学賞（結城賞）を受賞して― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=心不全患者において血中の過酸化脂質の上昇などが報告され，活性酸素による酸化ストレスの関与が示唆されている．そこで，心筋が実際に活性酸素を発生するかどうかを，活性酸素を検出する蛍光プローブを用いてラットの培養心筋細胞において検討した．心不全増悪因子であるアンジオテンシンIIおよびtumor necrosis factor(TNF)-alphaを加えると心筋細胞で濃度依存性に活性酸素が発生した．さらにヒトの不全心筋においても実際に酸化ストレスの発生が増強しているかを検討した．過酸化脂質の代謝産物で，有害なアルデヒドである4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal(HNE)によって修飾された蛋白質を免疫染色にて調べたところ，拡張型心筋症患者の心筋において正常心機能者に比べ5倍以上増加していた．さらにβ遮断薬(Carvedilol)により治療を行ったところ心機能の改善とともに，HNE修飾蛋白質が40%低下した．以上の一連の研究により， 活性酸素による酸化ストレスの発生が不全心筋において増強しており，その抑制が心不全治療のターゲットの一つになりうることを明らかにした． en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=中村一文 kn-aut-sei=中村 kn-aut-mei=一文 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=草野研吾 kn-aut-sei=草野 kn-aut-mei=研吾 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=垣下幹夫 kn-aut-sei=垣下 kn-aut-mei=幹夫 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=三浦綾 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=綾 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=久松研一 kn-aut-sei=久松 kn-aut-mei=研一 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=西井伸洋 kn-aut-sei=西井 kn-aut-mei=伸洋 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=伴場主一 kn-aut-sei=伴場 kn-aut-mei=主一 aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=渡邊敦之 kn-aut-sei=渡邊 kn-aut-mei=敦之 aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=藤尾栄起 kn-aut-sei=藤尾 kn-aut-mei=栄起 aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=宮地克維 kn-aut-sei=宮地 kn-aut-mei=克維 aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=永瀬聡 kn-aut-sei=永瀬 kn-aut-mei=聡 aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=森田宏 kn-aut-sei=森田 kn-aut-mei=宏 aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=斎藤博則 kn-aut-sei=斎藤 kn-aut-mei=博則 aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=江森哲郎 kn-aut-sei=江森 kn-aut-mei=哲郎 aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=浅沼幹人 kn-aut-sei=浅沼 kn-aut-mei=幹人 aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=宮崎正博 kn-aut-sei=宮崎 kn-aut-mei=正博 aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=中村陽一 kn-aut-sei=中村 kn-aut-mei=陽一 aut-affil-num=17 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=松原広己 kn-aut-sei=松原 kn-aut-mei=広己 aut-affil-num=18 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=伏見和郎 kn-aut-sei=伏見 kn-aut-mei=和郎 aut-affil-num=19 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=豊國伸哉 kn-aut-sei=豊國 kn-aut-mei=伸哉 aut-affil-num=20 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=大江透 kn-aut-sei=大江 kn-aut-mei=透 aut-affil-num=21 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯学総合研究科　循環器内科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯学総合研究科　循環器内科 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯学総合研究科　循環器内科 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯学総合研究科　循環器内科 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯学総合研究科　循環器内科 affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯学総合研究科　循環器内科 affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯学総合研究科　循環器内科 affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯学総合研究科　循環器内科 affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯学総合研究科　循環器内科 affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯学総合研究科　循環器内科 affil-num=11 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯学総合研究科　循環器内科 affil-num=12 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯学総合研究科　循環器内科 affil-num=13 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯学総合研究科　循環器内科 affil-num=14 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯学総合研究科　循環器内科 affil-num=15 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯学総合研究科　神経情報学 affil-num=16 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯学総合研究科　細胞生物学 affil-num=17 en-affil= kn-affil=松山市民病院循環器内科 affil-num=18 en-affil= kn-affil=国立病院岡山医療センター循環器科 affil-num=19 en-affil= kn-affil=北陸先端科学技術大学院大学ナノマテリアルテクノロジーセンター affil-num=20 en-affil= kn-affil=京都大学大学院医学研究科病態生物医学 affil-num=21 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯学総合研究科　循環器内科 en-keyword=4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal kn-keyword=4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal en-keyword=酸化ストレス kn-keyword=酸化ストレス en-keyword=心不全 kn-keyword=心不全 en-keyword=β遮断薬 kn-keyword=β遮断薬 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=120 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=35 end-page=41 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20080501 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Low-dose isoproterenol for repetitive ventricular arrhythmia in patients with Brugada syndrome kn-title=頻回な心室性不整脈を呈した Brugada 症候群に対する低用量 Isoproterenol の治療効果の検討 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WatanabeAtsuyuki en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Atsuyuki kn-aut-name=渡邊敦之 kn-aut-sei=渡邊 kn-aut-mei=敦之 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=Kusano FukushimaKengo en-aut-sei=Kusano Fukushima en-aut-mei=Kengo kn-aut-name=草野研吾 kn-aut-sei=草野 kn-aut-mei=研吾 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaHiroshi en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name=森田宏 kn-aut-sei=森田 kn-aut-mei=宏 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraDaiji en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Daiji kn-aut-name=三浦大二 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=大二 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SumidaWakako en-aut-sei=Sumida en-aut-mei=Wakako kn-aut-name=角田和歌子 kn-aut-sei=角田 kn-aut-mei=和歌子 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiramatsuShigeki en-aut-sei=Hiramatsu en-aut-mei=Shigeki kn-aut-name=平松茂樹 kn-aut-sei=平松 kn-aut-mei=茂樹 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=BanbaKimikazu en-aut-sei=Banba en-aut-mei=Kimikazu kn-aut-name=伴場主一 kn-aut-sei=伴場 kn-aut-mei=主一 aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishiiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Nishii en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name=西井伸洋 kn-aut-sei=西井 kn-aut-mei=伸洋 aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=NagaseSatoshi en-aut-sei=Nagase en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name=永瀬聡 kn-aut-sei=永瀬 kn-aut-mei=聡 aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakamuraKazufumi en-aut-sei=Nakamura en-aut-mei=Kazufumi kn-aut-name=中村一文 kn-aut-sei=中村 kn-aut-mei=一文 aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakuragiSatoru en-aut-sei=Sakuragi en-aut-mei=Satoru kn-aut-name=桜木悟 kn-aut-sei=桜木 kn-aut-mei=悟 aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=OheTohru en-aut-sei=Ohe en-aut-mei=Tohru kn-aut-name=大江透 kn-aut-sei=大江 kn-aut-mei=透 aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=福山市民病院　循環器科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科　循環器内科学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科　循環器内科学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科　循環器内科学 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科　循環器内科学 affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科　循環器内科学 affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=高知医療センター affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科　循環器内科学 affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科　循環器内科学 affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科　循環器内科学 affil-num=11 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科　循環器内科学 affil-num=12 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科　循環器内科学 en-keyword=Isoproterenol kn-keyword=Isoproterenol en-keyword=Brugada syndrome kn-keyword=Brugada syndrome en-keyword=Ventricular arrhythmia kn-keyword=Ventricular arrhythmia END