岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026吹奏楽活動の地域展開における市民吹奏楽団の関わりに関する研究 ―市民吹奏楽団は地域展開の担い手になり得るか―123137ENKunihikoMAKINOCenter for Teacher Education and Development、Okayama University10.18926/CTED/70364 吹奏楽活動の地域展開（以下、地域展開）において、指導者や活動場所の不足は喫緊の課題である。本研究は、地域展開が進む中で、市民吹奏楽団が地域の子ども達の吹奏楽活動を支える担い手となり得るかを調査・検討した。岡山県内の市民吹奏楽団20 団体への聞き取り調査とテキストマイニング分析の結果、地域展開への意識には差がみられ、積極的な団体では子ども達の演奏指導や合同での活動を肯定的に捉える傾向が確認された。一方で、指導技術や時間的制約、責任負担への不安が障壁となっている可能性が示唆された。また、市民吹奏楽団が抱える活動場所や財政的な課題に対して公立学校施設の活用がその解決に寄与し得る可能性が示唆された。一方で、公立学校の施設開放については、実際の制度運用において自治体間の格差が存在することが明らかとなった。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X8012026Kinesiophobia Is Associated with Disability, Poor Quality of Life, Psychological Morbidity, and Surgery Dissatisfaction in Patients with Lumbar Microdiscetomy: A Cross-Sectional Controlled Study3946ENNihalTezelDepartment of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Health Sciences UniversityAslı GençayCanDepartment of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt UniversityOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/70071The study aimed to determine the prevalence of kinesiophobia in patients who had undergone lumbar microdiscectomy and to examine its associations with pain intensity, disability, quality of life, depression, anxiety, and satisfaction with surgery. Forty-eight patients with microdiscectomy and 48 healthy controls were enrolled. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), Roland-Morris Disability Index (RMDI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A and HADS-D, respectively), and Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) were administered to both groups. The scores of TSK, RMDI, HADS-A, and HADS-D were significantly higher and SF-36 scores were significantly lower in the microdiscectomy than the control group (p<0.001 for all). In the microdiscectomy group, median (min-max) RMDI, HADS-A, and HADS-D scores were 19 (4-34), 10 (0-18), and 9 (0-18), respectively, in kinesiophobic patients, and were significantly higher than 6 (2-20), 3 (0-11), 2.5 (0-11) in non-kinesiophobic patients (all p<0.001). The median (min-max) SF-36 PCS, SF-36 MCS, and VAS scores for surgery satisfaction were 36.5 (8.7-75), 52.1 (11-95), 5, 5 (0-10), respectively, in kinesiophobic patients and were significantly lower than 71 (28-95), 85.5 (9-93), 8.5 (3-10) in non-kinesiophobic patients (all p<0.05). TSK scores were significantly correlated with RMDI, HADS-A, HADS-D, SF-36, and surgery satisfaction scores (all p<0.05). Kinesiophobic patients with lumbar microdiscectomy therefore showed greater disability and psychological morbidity, poorer quality of life, and lower satisfaction with surgery.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院社会文化科学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1881-1671602025現代日本語における「わりに（は）」の用法について129137ENWENHUAYANG10.18926/70024No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813732025第19回日本臨床検査学教育学会学術大会149149ENSatoshiHirohataDepartment of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813732025流死産をあきらめない：不育症の治療とケア―第７回日本不育症学会学術集会を岡山で開催―147148ENMikiyaNakatsukaFaculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University, The Reproduction Center, Okayama University Hospital, OKAYAMA Infertility Consultation CenterNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813732025第77回日本産科婦人科学会学術講演会開催報告144146ENHisashiMasuyamaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813732025ポストコロナの感染症140143ENKazuhiroUdaDepartment of Pediatric Regional Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityHirokazuTsukaharaDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813732025薬物相互作用（64―抗サイトメガロウイルス薬の薬物相互作用）137139ENYoshikazuTeramotoDepartment of Pharmacy, Okayama University HospitalHirofumiHamanoDepartment of Pharmacy, Okayama University HospitalYoshitoZamamiDepartment of Pharmacy, Okayama University HospitalNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813732025呼吸器外科領域におけるロボット支援手術の進化と展望132136ENMikioOkazakiDepartment of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityShinichiToyookaDepartment of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813732025遺伝性腫瘍に関する大学生の知識と意識調査126131ENReimiSogawaDepartment of Clinical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Kagawa University HospitalTakahitoWadaDepartment of Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of MedicineAkiraHirasawaDepartment of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityKensukeKumamotoDepartment of Clinical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Kagawa University HospitalIoriOhmoriSpecial Needs Education, Faculty of Education, Okayama University Genomic information plays a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, as well as in the management of asymptomatic individuals. This study assessed the knowledge and understanding of genetics and hereditary cancer among college students who received cancer education in Japan. The study subjects were students from fields such as education, medicine, law, and economics who participated during the period from February to December 2023. The students attended in-person lectures on genomic medicine, and they were then asked to complete an anonymous survey via Google Forms. Over 90％ of the participants reported understanding the content of the lectures, and >80％ indicated that they found the lecture's content understandable at a junior high school level. Over 60％ felt that the appropriate time to begin such education would be in late elementary or junior high school. These results indicate a high level of acceptance of hereditary cancer education among young people. However, challenges remain in their understanding of the roles of genetic factors in cancer development and the mechanisms by which inheritance and phenotype are manifested. The relevant educational programs need to be further refined and strengthened.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813732025備前市における新型コロナウイルス感染症の抗体検査に関する研究の成果報告118125ENTakashiYorifujiDepartment of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama UniversityAyakoSasakiKurashiki City Public Health CenterNaomiMatsumotoDepartment of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama UniversityTomokaKadowakiCenter for Public Health Action in Applied Epidemiology, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesToshiharuMitsuhashiCenter for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University HospitalSoshiTakaoDepartment of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University We conducted two prospective cohort studies (June 2022–March 2023 and Nov 2023–Jan 2024) of 1,899 and 445 residents and other individuals who are affiliated with institutions in the city of Bizen in Japan's Okayama prefecture (population 32,320 as of 2020). We measured the subjects' titers of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, evaluated changes in their antibody titers, and assessed the associations of the titers with the subjects' vaccination status, infection, and COVID-19 status/severity. This report summarizes the two studies' findings. These prospective studies based on a wide age range in a general population provide information that can be used to determine the appropriate timing of vaccination during a pandemic.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813732025岡山大学小児医科学教室における最近の研究成果108117ENHirokazuTsukaharaDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813732025がん治療用ウイルス製剤の創薬研究―遺伝子治療からウイルス療法への展開―98107ENToshiyoshiFujiwaraDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813732025令和６年度岡山医学会賞 胸部・循環研究奨励賞（砂田賞）9597ENShinichiKawanaDepartment of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813732025令和６年度岡山医学会賞 総合研究奨励賞（結城賞）9294ENTetsuyaYumotoDepartment of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813732025令和６年度岡山医学会賞 がん研究奨励賞（林原賞・山田賞）8991ENShotaTakihiraDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231902025創造性・STEAM 教育を基にした Creative Educator 育成プログラムに関する基礎研究Ⅱ ― CE コンピテンシーの整理を通した教育実践ロールモデル構築に向けて ―127137ENAiMATSUURAFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityYoshiakiTUTUMIKushiro Compulsory Education School, Hokkaido University of Education Late CourseChandeSONOsaka Kyoiku University Tennoji Junior High SchoolHitoshiKIMURAShiga University Faculty of Education Elementary SchoolTetsuoKIYOTAFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityYoshihikoINADAFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/69616 創造性とSTEAM 教育を基盤としたCreative Educator（ CE）育成プログラムに関する研究では，CE を「身体的な感受や経験を通して創造性教育を担う教員」と定義し，その育成に必要なコンピテンシーを「身体的思考」「空間的思考」「批判的対話」「創造的な態度」とした。そこで本論では，授業における創造性育成の要素として四つ挙げ，創造性に関する先行研究を整理した。その結果，創造性の研究において四つの要素を以下の通り捉えられることを確認した。①身体を通した予期せぬ刺激「想定外」は，身体化された認知や素材との相互作用から生じる新しい思考を促す。②他者との関係性を意識した「場づくり」は，対話や協働を通して創造性を育む。③空間的思考に基づく「可視化」は，視覚情報の統合や変換により創造的イメージを支える。④「チャレンジ」は，自律的意思決定や創造的自信を高め，潜在的創造力の発揮を促す。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813722025第124回 岡山医学会総会8388ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813722025第16回日本レックリングハウゼン病学会学術大会8282ENToshikiTakenouchiDepartment of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813722025第130回日本解剖学会／第102回日本生理学会／第98回日本薬理学会合同大会8081ENKeijiNaruseDepartment of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813722025令和６年度診療報酬改定を踏まえ急性期病院に今求められること7679ENTakahiroInoueOkayama University HospitalNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813722025薬物相互作用（63―薬物相互作用の観点からみた抗真菌薬の使用上の注意点）7275ENRyoKikuokaDepartment of Pharmacy, Okayama University HospitalTsukasaHigashionnaDepartment of Pharmacy, Okayama University HospitalHirofumiHamanoDepartment of Pharmacy, Okayama University HospitalYoshitoZamamiDepartment of Pharmacy, Okayama University HospitalNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813722025消化器外科領域におけるロボット支援手術の現状と今後の展望6571ENShinjiKurodaDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityToshiyoshiFujiwaraDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813722025脳卒中右片麻痺者における左手書字の上達過程を捉える作業療法士の観察内容5864ENMakiDaitoGraduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama UniversityMichikoMorimotoDivision of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University This study explored the observations of occupational therapists regarding the early stages of left-hand writing improvement in patients with right hemiplegic stroke. Semi-structured interviews using interview guides were conducted with 12 occupational therapists, and the qualitative data were analyzed inductively. From 79 descriptive codes, 33 interpretive codes were generated and grouped into 12 subcategories. These were further classified into five main categories : ‘letter neatness,’ ‘tool operability, postural optimization,’ ‘practical utility of writing,’ and ‘autonomy in writing.’ These results revealed that the occupational therapists observed improvements in handwriting from a multifaceted perspective, including not only the patients' motor skills but also psychological and behavioral aspects. The findings of this study capture the contents of occupational therapists' observations regarding the process of the early improvement of left-hand writing, and the insights suggest that, in supporting left-hand writing for stroke patients with right hemiplegia — among whom it is necessary to grasp changes within a limited intervention period — these observations are potentially useful for occupational therapists to assess handwriting improvement and provide support, regardless of their years of experience.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813722025再建外科の挑戦（頭頸部領域を中心に）5257ENKeisukeTakanariDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813722025令和６年度岡山医学会賞 がん研究奨励賞（林原賞・山田賞）4951ENYutoNaoiDepartment of Tumor Microenvironment, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813722025令和６年度岡山医学会賞 総合研究奨励賞（結城賞）4648ENHitoshiUrakamiDepartment of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813722025令和６年度岡山医学会賞 胸部・循環研究奨励賞（砂田賞）4345ENTakahiroNishiharaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7942025Bloodstream Infections Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria in Geriatric Patients: Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Resistance and The Factors Affecting Mortality231242ENM Enes KardanDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal UniversityIlknurErdemDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal UniversityEmreYildizDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal UniversityNuriKirazDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal UniversityAliyeÇelikkolDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal UniversityOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/69148Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in geriatric patients. We retrospectively analyzed the cases of geriatric patients who developed BSIs due to gram-negative bacteria in order to evaluate the epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and the factors affecting mortality. The cases of 110 patients aged ≥ 65 years admitted to our hospital between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022 were assessed; 70 (63.6%) of the BSIs were healthcare-associated BSIs. The urinary system was the most common detectable source of infection at 43.6%. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, in that order. Carbapenem resistance was detected in 17 patients (15.5%), and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production from Enterobacterales family members was detected in 37 (51.4%) patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that (i) the probability of mortality in the patients with total bilirubin was increased by approx. sixfold and (ii) the likelihood of mortality for those with a Pitt bacteremia score (PBS) ≥ 4 points was approx. 17 times higher. PBS and simplified qPitt scores can help predict mortality and manage geriatric patients. There is a significant increase in mortality among patients with procalcitonin (PCT) levels at ≥ 2 nm/ml.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.AIP PublishingActa Medica Okayama0021-8979137232025Imaging valley-vortex edge modes in a phononic crystal at ultrahigh frequencies235104ENP. H.OtsukaDivision of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido UniversityM.TomodaDivision of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido UniversityD.HatanakaNTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT CorporationH.YamaguchiNTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT CorporationK.TsurutaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Okayama UniversityO.MatsudaDivision of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido UniversityWe perform optical measurements and numerical simulations of guided phonon propagation in novel topological phononic crystal structures at ultrahigh frequencies. The structures support valley-polarized states that exhibit an energy vortex nature and propagate with high efficiency at domain boundaries because backscattering is suppressed due to conservation of time reversal symmetry. We extract frequency- and time-resolved spatial mode patterns and k-space images, together with dispersion relations. We investigate the conditions required for robust propagation along interfaces and thereby observe very high efficiency waveguiding.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813712025第28回日本遠隔医療学会学術大会開催報告3940ENShingoKasaharaDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813712025第62回日本癌治療学会学術集会学会報告3638ENToshiyoshiFujiwaraDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813712025認知症治療3335ENShintaroTakenoshitaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University HospitalSeishiTeradaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813712025薬物相互作用（62―カリウム吸着薬の薬物相互作用）3032ENSaoriArikiDepartment of Pharmacy, Okayama University HospitalHirofumiHamanoDepartment of Pharmacy, Okayama University HospitalYoshitoZamamiDepartment of Pharmacy, Okayama University HospitalNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813712025泌尿器科領域におけるロボット手術の進化と未来2529ENKensukeBekkuDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNaoyaNagasakiDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYusukeOkamotoDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHiromasaShiraishiDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesAyaTairaDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesShotaInoueDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYuyaKawagoDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTomofumiWatanabeDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMasaoMitsuiDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesSatoshiHoriiDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTakatoshiMoriwakeDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKasumiYoshinagaDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYosukeMitsuiDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTomoakiYamanoiDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTatsushiKawadaDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTakuyaSadahiraDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYusukeTominagaDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTakehiroIwataDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesSatoshiKatayamaDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesShingoNishimuraDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKoheiEdamuraDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTomokoKobayashiDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMotooArakiDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813712025若手・中堅耳鼻咽喉科医師の臨床研究に対する質問紙調査2024ENKensukeUraguchiDepartment of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTakashiYorifujiDepartment of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversitySoshiTakaoDepartment of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityAkikoSugayaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityMizuoAndoDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Introduction : Clinical research is crucial for the advancement of medicine, but modern otolaryngologists' attitudes regarding clinical research have not been known. This study was conducted to survey the background, knowledge, and interest in clinical research among junior and mid-career otolaryngologists.<br>
Methods : A questionnaire survey was distributed to 34 otolaryngologists with ≤15 years' clinical experience working at Okayama University and its affiliated facilities. The respondents were divided into junior (non-specialists) and mid-career otolaryngologists (specialists) based on whether they were board-certified otolaryngologists. The survey assessed their background, understanding, and interest in clinical research.<br>
Results : Twenty-nine otolaryngologists (83%) responded (10 junior and 19 mid-career otolaryngologists). There was significant individual variation in their interest and knowledge of clinical research. However, approximately half of the respondents indicated that they were not interested in and/or had never engaged in clinical research.<br>
Conclusion : The data collected by this survey contribute to our understanding of the current state of clinical research engagement among junior and mid-career otolaryngologists, and they can serve as a basis for exploring future strategies to increase this engagement.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813712025臓器創造・移植医療の可能性と展望1519ENMunemasaMoriDepartment of Organ Generation and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813712025新生児期・小児発症の希少遺伝性疾患の病態解明とゲノム解析の社会実装に向けて1014ENToshikiTakenouchiDepartment of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813712025令和５年度岡山医学会賞 がん研究奨励賞（林原賞・山田賞）79ENTomohiroUrataDepartment of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813712025令和５年度岡山医学会賞 総合研究奨励賞（結城賞）46ENYuichiSumiiDepartment of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813712025令和５年度岡山医学会賞 脳神経研究奨励賞（新見賞）13ENShintaroTakenoshitaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7922025Calcified Amorphous Tumor of the Left Ventricle with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation135138ENYasufumiFujitaDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kure Kyosai HospitalShujiShimizuDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMakotoMohriDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji HospitalCase Report10.18926/AMO/68653Cardiac calcified amorphous tumor (CAT) is a rare, benign non-neoplastic mass of the heart that is sometimes found due to embolic events. Most cases of CAT are treated with surgical removal to prevent future embolic events. However, the treatment strategy for CAT complicated by atrial fibrillation has remained to be determined. Here we report a case of left ventricular CAT complicated by paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) that was successfully treated with surgical removal and pulmonary vein isolation. Pulmonary vein isolation can be a simple and effective procedure for PAF, even during surgical removal of CAT.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7922025A Case of Retinitis Pigmentosa Diagnosed with Severe Anterior Capsule Contraction after Cataract Surgery129134ENAkihiroTsujiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYusukeShiodeDepartment of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesShuheiKimuraDepartment of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMioHosokawaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesRyoMatobaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTetsuroMoritaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKosukeTakahashiFukuyama City Hospital, Fukuyama CityYukiMorizaneDepartment of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesCase Report10.18926/AMO/68652A 66-year-old woman presented with significant anterior capsule contraction and intraocular lens dislocation in both eyes 4 months after cataract surgery. Postoperative examinations such as fluorescein angiography, Goldmann perimetry, and electroretinography revealed retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Patients with significant anterior capsule contraction after cataract surgery should be closely examined because RP may be a contributing factor.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Elsevier BVActa Medica Okayama0168-01022132025The potential mechanism maintaining transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa in the mouse stroke model128137ENYutingBianDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityYusukeFukuiDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityRicardo SatoshiOta-ElliottDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityXinranHuDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityHongmingSunDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityZhihongBianDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityYunZhaiDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityHaiboYuDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityXiaoHuDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityHangpingAnDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityHongzhiLiuDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityRyutaMoriharaDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityHiroyukiIshiuraDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityToruYamashitaDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityThe disruption of transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) shuttling leads to the depletion of nuclear localization and the cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43. We aimed to evaluate the mechanism underlying the behavior of TDP-43 in ischemic stroke. Adult male C57BL/6 J mice were subjected to 30 or 60 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), and examined at 1, 6, and 24 h post reperfusion. Immunostaining was used to evaluate the expression of TDP-43, G3BP1, HDAC6, and RAD23B. The total and cytoplasmic number of TDP-43–positive cells increased compared with sham operation group and peaked at 6 h post reperfusion after tMCAO. The elevated expression of G3BP1 protein peaked at 6 h after reperfusion and decreased at 24 h after reperfusion in ischemic mice brains. We also observed an increase of expression level of HDAC6 and the number of RAD23B-positive cells increased after tMCAO. RAD23B was colocalized with TDP-43 24 h after tMCAO. We proposed that the formation of stress granules might be involved in the mislocalization of TDP-43, based on an evaluation of G3BP1 and HDAC6. Subsequently, RAD23B, may also contribute to the downstream degradation of mislocalized TDP-43 in mice tMCAO model.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Japan Medical AssociationActa Medica Okayama2433-3298622023Disease and Injury Trends following Heavy Rains in Western Japan in 2018129137ENChiakiHashimotoDepartment of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Density and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama UniversityTakashiYorifujiDepartment of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Density and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama UniversityKazuharuMurakamiMabi Memorial HospitalShigeruSuganamiAssociation of Medical Doctors of AsiaIntroduction: Torrential rains occurred in Okayama in western Japan in July 2018, forcing local residents to evacuate. Few studies have reported early-phase disease and injury trends among patients following torrential rains. Thus, in this study, we assessed the illness and injury trends among patients who visited temporary medical facilities located in the areas affected by the 2018 torrential rains; these facilities opened 10 d after the disaster.<br>
Methods: We evaluated the trends among patients who visited a medical clinic located in the area in western Japan affected by heavy rains in 2018. We reviewed medical charts related to 1,301 outpatient visits and conducted descriptive analyses.<br>
Results: More than half of the patients were over 60 years old. The patients experienced mild injuries (7.9% of total visits) as well as common diseases such as hypertensive diseases (30%), diabetes mellitus (7.8%), acute upper respiratory infections (5.4%), skin diseases (5.4%), and eye diseases (4.8%). Hypertensive diseases were the main cause of a visit in any week. Eye problems were the second-highest reason for a visit in the first week, but there was a relative decrease from the first to the third week. Additionally, the proportion of injuries and skin diseases increased from the first to the second week, from 7.9% to 11.1% for injuries, and from 3.9% to 6.7% for skin diseases.<br>
Conclusions: The types of diseases changed on a weekly basis. Older adults needed medical support for longer than other age groups. Prior preparedness such as earlier deployment of such temporary clinics can help mitigate the damage to the victims.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7852024Small-for-Gestational-Age Status and the Risk of Kawasaki Disease: A Nationwide Birth Cohort in Japan363370ENSatoeTakanagaDepartment of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNaomiMatsumotoDepartment of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityTomokaKadowakiDepartment of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesSoshiTakaoDepartment of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityTakashiYorifujiDepartment of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/67656Kawasaki disease (KD) is a pediatric disease of unknown etiology that commonly affects infants in East Asia. Infants born small for gestational age (SGA) have weaker immune systems and are more susceptible to infection. Using data from a nationwide Japanese birth cohort study conducted in 2010 (n=34,579), we investigated whether SGA increases the risk of KD. SGA was defined as birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age. The outcome was hospitalization for KD between 6 and 30 months of age. The association between SGA and hospitalization for KD, adjusted for child and maternal factors, was examined using logistic regression. Of the 231 children hospitalized for KD, 9.5% were SGA. Further statistical analysis showed that SGA did not increase the odds ratio (OR) of hospitalization for KD (adjusted OR 1.12, 95% confidence interval 0.71-1.75). This result was not changed with stratification by early daycare attendance and preterm status. Reasons for the lack of association may include the multifactorial pathogenesis of KD; in addition, the types of infections to which SGA infants are predisposed may differ from those triggering KD. Overall, our large nationwide study found no association between SGA and KD.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Springer Science and Business Media LLCActa Medica Okayama0040-575213792024Mutations in starch BRANCHING ENZYME 2a suppress the traits caused by the loss of ISOAMYLASE1 in barley212ENRyoMatsushimaInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityHiroshiHisanoInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityJune-SikKimInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityRoseMcNellyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNaoko F.OitomeDepartment of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural UniversityDavidSeungJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNaokoFujitaDepartment of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural UniversityKazuhiroSatoInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityThe genetic interactions among starch biosynthesis genes can be exploited to alter starch properties, but they remain poorly understood due to the various combinations of mutations to be tested. Here, we isolated two novel barley mutants defective in starch BRANCHING ENZYME 2a (hvbe2a-1 and hvbe2a-2) based on the starch granule (SG) morphology. Both hvbe2a mutants showed elongated SGs in the endosperm and increased resistant starch content. hvbe2a-1 had a base change in HvBE2a gene, substituting the amino acid essential for its enzyme activity, while hvbe2a-2 is completely missing HvBE2a due to a chromosomal deletion. Further genetic crosses with barley isoamylase1 mutants (hvisa1) revealed that both hvbe2a mutations could suppress defects in endosperm caused by hvisa1, such as reduction in starch, increase in phytoglycogen, and changes in the glucan chain length distribution. Remarkably, hvbe2a mutations also transformed the endosperm SG morphology from the compound SG caused by hvisa1 to bimodal simple SGs, resembling that of wild-type barley. The suppressive impact was in competition with floury endosperm 6 mutation (hvflo6), which could enhance the phenotype of hvisa1 in the endosperm. In contrast, the compound SG formation induced by the hvflo6 hvisa1 mutation in pollen was not suppressed by hvbe2a mutations. Our findings provide new insights into genetic interactions in the starch biosynthetic pathway, demonstrating how specific genetic alterations can influence starch properties and SG morphology, with potential applications in cereal breeding for desired starch properties.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.The Company of Biologists LtdActa Medica Okayama0021-9533137112024Toxicity of the model protein 3×GFP arises from degradation overload, not from aggregate formationjcs261977ENShotaroNambaGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityHisaoMoriyaFaculty of Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityAlthough protein aggregation can cause cytotoxicity, such aggregates can also form to mitigate cytotoxicity from misfolded proteins, although the nature of these contrasting aggregates remains unclear. We previously found that overproduction (op) of a three green fluorescent protein-linked protein (3×GFP) induces giant aggregates and is detrimental to growth. Here, we investigated the mechanism of growth inhibition by 3×GFP-op using non-aggregative 3×MOX-op as a control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The 3×GFP aggregates were induced by misfolding, and 3×GFP-op had higher cytotoxicity than 3×MOX-op because it perturbed the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Static aggregates formed by 3×GFP-op dynamically trapped Hsp70 family proteins (Ssa1 and Ssa2 in yeast), causing the heat-shock response. Systematic analysis of mutants deficient in the protein quality control suggested that 3×GFP-op did not cause a critical Hsp70 depletion and aggregation functioned in the direction of mitigating toxicity. Artificial trapping of essential cell cycle regulators into 3×GFP aggregates caused abnormalities in the cell cycle. In conclusion, the formation of the giant 3×GFP aggregates itself is not cytotoxic, as it does not entrap and deplete essential proteins. Rather, it is productive, inducing the heat-shock response while preventing an overload to the degradation system.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7832024Organized Chronic Subdural Hematoma (OCSDH) Mimicking Meningioma285290ENShuichiroHiranoDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYoshihiroOtaniDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKentaroFujiiDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesIsaoDateDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesCase Report10.18926/AMO/67204Organized chronic subdural hematoma (OCSDH) is a relatively rare condition that forms over a longer period of time compared to chronic subdural hematoma and is sometimes difficult to diagnose with preoperative imaging. We resected an intracranial lesion in a 37-year-old Japanese man; the lesion had been increasing in size for >17 years. The preoperative diagnosis based on imaging findings was meningioma; however, pathological findings revealed OCSDH. Clinicians should be aware that OCSDH mimics other tumors and consider surgical strategies for this disease.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7822024Laparoscopic Resection Combined with a Transsacral Approach for a Recurrent Tailgut Cyst with a Refractory Fistula193196ENHajimeKashimaDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesFuminoriTeraishiDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYukiMatsumiDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHiroshiShimamuraDepartment of Surgery, Chikuba Hospital for Gastrointestinal and Colorectal SurgeryToshiyoshiFujiwaraDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesCase Report10.18926/AMO/66928Tailgut cyst is a rare cystic disease of the anterior sacral surface and the remains of an embryonic tail gut. Tailgut cysts have a potential for malignancy, and complete resection with an adequate surgical margin is necessary. Even if incomplete resection does not result in recurrence of malignant disease, there is a risk of local infection leading to refractory fistulas. The optimal treatment for such refractory recurrent lesions has not been reported. We describe a case in which the combination of laparoscopic and transsacral approaches was effective for resecting a recurrent refractory fistula after incomplete resection of a tail gut cyst.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7822024Sigle Agent of Posttransplant Cyclophosphamide Without Calcineurin Inhibitor Controls Severity of Experimental Chronic GVHD123134ENKyosukeSaekiDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHideakiFujiwaraDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University HospitalKeisukeSeikeDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University HospitalTaigaKuroiDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHisakazuNishimoriDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University HospitalTakehiroTanakaDepartment of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKen-ichiMatsuokaDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNobuharuFujiiDivision of Transfusion, Okayama University HospitalYoshinobuMaedaDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/66915Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of late death and morbidity following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), but its pathogenesis remains unclear. Recently, haplo-identical HCT with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (Haplo-HCT with PTCY) was found to achieve a low incidence rate of acute GVHD and chronic GVHD. However, while the pathogenesis of acute GVHD following Haplo-HCT with PTCY has been well investigated, that of chronic GVHD remains to be elucidated, especially in HLA-matched HCT with PTCY. Based on its safety profile, PTCY is currently applied for the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-matched HCT setting. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of chronic GVHD following HLA-matched HCT with PTCY using a well-defined mouse chronic GVHD model. PTCY attenuated clinical and pathological chronic GVHD by suppressing effector T-cells and preserving regulatory T-cells compared with a control group. Additionally, we demonstrated that cyclosporine A (CsA) did not show any additional positive effects on attenuation of GVHD in PTCY-treated recipients. These results suggest that monotherapy with PTCY without CsA could be a promising strategy for the prevention of chronic GVHD following HLA-matched HCT.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7812024A Case of Idiopathic Peptic Ulcer Disease Treated Effectively with Trimebutine Maleat8588ENKeisukeMiyakePost graduate clinical education center, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical CenterTomohiroTanikawaDepartment of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical SchoolKenHarumaDepartment of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical SchoolMayukoKawadaDepartment of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical SchoolKatsunoriIshiiDepartment of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical SchoolNoriyoUrataDepartment of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical SchoolKenNishinoDepartment of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical SchoolMitsuhikoSuehiroDepartment of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical SchoolMiwaKawanakaDepartment of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical SchoolNoriakiManabeDivision of Endoscopy and Ultrasonography, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical SchoolHirofumiKawamotoDepartment of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical SchoolCase Report10.18926/AMO/66675A 30-year-old man with idiopathic peptic ulcer disease (IPUD) experienced repeated recurrence of ulcerative bleeding despite treatment with lansoprazole and then vonoprazan. Further evaluation suggested that the cause of the ulcer was strong contractile movements of the antrum. This prompted the co-administration of trimebutine maleate (TM) and vonoprazan to relieve the stomach contractions. TM was effective in preventing the recurrence of ulcerative bleeding, and the patient has remained in remission for 4 years. This case highlights the potential efficacy of TM in treating IPUD and the importance of considering hypercontractility as the underlying cause in cases of IPUD.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7762023Japanese Nursing Staff’s Knowledge and Attitude toward Bereavement Care for Couples with Miscarriage/Stillbirth and Its Associated Factors577587ENSiyuLiuGraduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama UniversityRukmaliAthurupanaGraduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama UniversityHongmeiHanGraduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama UniversityTitiYangGraduate School of Medicine, Density and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityMikiyaNakatsukaGraduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama UniversityOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/66149Bereavement care is conducted to meet the emotional needs of grieving couples who are devastated by the experience of a miscarriage or stillbirth. From January to April 2022, we distributed a questionnaire that assessed the knowledge and attitudes of Japanese nursing staff (nurses and midwives) in Japan’s Chugoku-Shikoku region toward bereavement care for couples with miscarriage/stillbirth. The 370 survey respondents’ answers revealed that the nursing staff’s knowledge regarding recurrent pregnancy loss and subsequent bereavement care was insufficient. About 41.1% and 64.1% of the respondents had received school and on-the-job education in bereavement care, respectively, and 79.2% expressed willingness to provide such care. Our analyses revealed that the following factors were associated with the nursing staff’s knowledge level: parent status, age, reproductive history, midwifery license, work experience and environment, and on-the-job education. The following were correlated with the staff’s willingness to provide bereavement care: work environment, midwifery license, bereavement care knowledge, and on-the-job education. Together our findings indicate that education plays a significant role in equipping caregivers to provide effective bereavement care for couples who have experienced a miscarriage or stillbirth.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7752023Relationship between the Hip Abductor Muscles and Abduction Strength in Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis461469ENDaisukeHommaDivision of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesIzumiMinatoDivision of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata Rinko HospitalNorioImaiDivision of Comprehensive Musculoskeletal Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesDaiMiyasakaDivision of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata Bandai HospitalYoshinoriSakaiDivision of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata City General HospitalYojiHorigomeDivision of Comprehensive Musculoskeletal Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesHayatoSuzukiDivision of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesYoichiroDohmaeDivision of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata Bandai HospitalNaotoEndoDivision of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata Prefectural Tsubame Rosai HospitalOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/65968This study aimed to determine which muscle the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus (Gmin), or tensor fasciae latae (TFL) contributes most to hip abduction strength and to identify effective sites for cross-sectional area (CSA) Gmin and TFL measurement in hip osteoarthritis (OAhip) patients. Twenty-eight patients with OAhip were included. The muscle CSA and volume were determined using magnetic resonance imaging. Peak isometric strength was determined using hand-held dynamometry. Muscle volumes were normalized to the total muscle volume of hip abductors. Multiple regression analysis was performed. The difference between the CSA of Gmin and TFL was calculated, and correlations with volume and muscle strength were determined. Gmin volume was related to abductor muscle strength (p=0.042). The peak CSA of the Gmin correlated with muscle volume and strength. The CSA of the TFL correlated with volume, with no difference between the CSA of the most protruding part of the lesser trochanter and peak CSA. Gmin volume was strongly related to abductor muscle strength. Peak CSA is a useful parameter for assessing the CSA of the Gmin among patients with OAhip. The CSA of the TFL should be measured at the most protruding part of the lesser trochanter.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7742023Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha with Psychopathology in Patients with Schizophrenia395405ENMarkoPavlovicUniversity Hospital Center Mostar, University of MostarDraganBabicUniversity Hospital Center Mostar, University of MostarPejanaRastovicUniversity Hospital Center Mostar, University of MostarJuricaArapovicUniversity Hospital Center Mostar, University of MostarMarkoMartinacHealth Care Center Mostar, University of MostarSanjaJakovacUniversity Hospital Center Mostar, University of MostarRomanaBarbaricUniversity Hospital Center Mostar, University of MostarOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/65750We investigated the relationship between serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels and psychopathological symptoms, clinical and socio-demographic characteristics and antipsychotic therapy in individuals with schizophrenia. TNF-α levels were measured in 90 patients with schizophrenia and 90 healthy controls matched by age, gender, smoking status, and body mass index. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess the severity of psychopathology in patients. No significant differences in TNF-α levels were detected between the patients and controls (p=0.736). TNF-α levels were not correlated with total, positive, negative, general, or composite PANSS scores (all p>0.05). A significant negative correlation was observed between TNF-α levels and the PANSS cognitive factor (ρ=−0.222, p=0.035). A hierarchical regression analysis identified the cognitive factor as a significant predictor of the TNF-α level (beta=−0.258, t=−2.257, p=0.027). There were no significant differences in TNF-α levels among patients treated with different types of antipsychotics (p=0.596). TNF-α levels correlated positively with the age of onset (ρ=0.233, p=0.027) and negatively with illness duration (ρ=−0.247, p=0.019) and antipsychotic treatment duration (ρ=−0.256, p=0.015). These results indicate that TNF-α may be involved in cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, and would be a potential clinical-state marker in schizophrenia.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Acta Medica Okayama2023Venous Thromboembolism in Eating Disorders: A Retrospective Observational StudyENMayukoSENDAGraduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7722023Venous Thromboembolism in Eating Disorders: A Retrospective Observational Study131137ENMayukoSendaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesSeishiTeradaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMasakiFujiwaraDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University HospitalNorihitoYamadaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/65142Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with a high mortality rate. Patients with EDs often experience severe dehydration due to food restriction and/or vomiting. Severely underweight patients are often prescribed bed rest during inpatient care to reduce their energy consumption, and they may thus develop multiple risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE). We compared the clinical features of ED inpatients with VTE to those of ED inpatients without VTE. Seventy-one inpatients with ED were treated at Okayama University Hospital’s psychiatric ward in 2016-2020; five were experienced a VTE. Compared to the non-VTE group, the VTE group’s median age and disease duration were greater and the median body mass index (BMI) was lower. The VTE group’s D-dimer peak values were > 5 mg/L. Physical restraint and central venous catheter use were associated with VTE. Longer ED duration and lower BMI might be risk factors for VTE. To make inpatient treatment for ED safer, it is important to avoid the use of physical restraints and central venous catheters. Continuous D-dimer monitoring is necessary for the early detection of VTE in ED patients at high risk of VTE.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7712023Analysis of Phase Angle and Balance and Gait Functions in Pre-Frail Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study2127ENDaisukeHommaOrthopaedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesIzumiMinatoDivision of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata Rinko HospitalNorioImaiComprehensive Musculoskeletal Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesDaiMiyasakaDivision of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata Bandai HospitalYoshinoriSakaiDivision of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata City General HospitalYojiHorigomeComprehensive Musculoskeletal Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesHayatoSuzukiOrthopaedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesYoichiroDohmaeDivision of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata Bandai HospitalNaotoEndoDivision of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata Prefectural Tsubame Rosai HospitalOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/64357We measured the muscle mass and phase angle of each body part to evaluate the relationship between balance and gait functions in individuals with a pre-frailty status. This cross-sectional observational study determined the skeletal muscle mass-to-body weight ratio and phase angles of 21 control (robust) and 29 pre-frail subjects. Their Brief-Balance Evaluation Systems Test, Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test, Life-Space Assessment, and Modified Fall Efficacy Scale scores plus the relationship between muscle mass, phase angle, and motor function were evaluated. In the pre-frailty group (three males, 26 females, aged 75.58±7.60 years), significant correlations were noted between the Brief-Balance Evaluation Systems Test score and lower-limb (r=0.614) and wholebody (r=0.557) phase angles, and between the TUG test score and lower-limb muscle mass-to-body weight ratio (r=−0.616), lower-limb phase angle (r=−0.616), and whole-body phase angle (r=−0.527). Evaluating the phase angle of the lower extremities of pre-frail patients and intervening accordingly may help clinicians maintain and improve these patients’ balance and gait functions.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Informa UK LimitedActa Medica Okayama0038-07686922023Greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soil amended with kitchen compost of varying ages137147ENTran Thi MinhChauGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityTakashiSomeyaFaculty of Agriculture, Saga UniversitySatoshiAkaoFaculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha UniversityMasatoNakamuraInstitute for Rural Engineering, NAROFumikoOritateInstitute for Rural Engineering, NAROHiroakiSomuraGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityShinzoYamaneFaculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi UniversityMorihiroMaedaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityAlthough the use of kitchen waste compost is very common, GHG emissions from soil amended with kitchen waste compost have not been studied. This study aimed to determine the effects of kitchen compost age and application rates on GHG emissions to identify optimal compost management. Soil samples mixed with kitchen waste compost at three different ages: 1 month (1M), 2 months (2M), and 3 months (3M) at two application rates (1% and 2% w/w) were incubated at 25 degrees C for 28 days under aerobic conditions. Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) were determined on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Results showed that N2O and CO2 emissions decreased with compost age (p < 0.05). Increased application rates of compost led to increased CO2 emissions and suppression of N2O emissions. Furthermore, CH4 was emitted from soil amended with kitchen compost even under aerobic conditions. This study suggests that 3M kitchen waste compost is optimal in terms of GHG emissions upon application to soil under aerobic conditions.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院社会文化科学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1881-1671542022時間的態度および時間的頻度，時間的指向性が抑うつ傾向に及ぼす影響137151ENZeZhangTakashiHoriuchi10.18926/64300No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7662022The Impact of Tofogliflozin on Physiological and Hormonal Function, Serum Electrolytes, and Cardiac Diastolic Function in Elderly Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus705713ENToshihiroHigashikawaKanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalTomohikoItoKanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalTakurouMizunoKanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalKeiichiroIshigamiKanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalKengoKurokiKanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalNaotoMaekawaKanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalDaisukeUsudaKanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalToshihideIzumidaKanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalShinyaYamadaKanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalRyushoSangenKanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalKazuHamadaKanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalJunKiyosawaKanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalAtsushiSaitoKanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalMasaharuIguchiKanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalYujiKasamakiKanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalTakeshiNakahashiKanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalAkihiroFukudaKanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalHitoshiSaitoKanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalTsugiyasuKandaKanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalMasashiOkuroDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Kanazawa Medical UniversityOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/64121The sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor tofogliflozin is a glucose-lowering drug that causes the excretion of surplus glucose by inhibiting SGLT2. Because of tofogliflozin’s osmotic diuresis mechanism, patients’ serum electrolytes, body fluid levels, and cardiac function must be monitored. We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 64 elderly Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who received tofogliflozin for 3 months. Their HbA1c, serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride), hematocrit, brain natriuretic peptide (cardiac volume load marker) and renin and aldosterone (RAA; an index of regulatory hormones involved in body fluid retention) were continuously monitored during the investigation period. Renal function and cardiac function (by echocardiography) were assessed throughout the period. HbA1c significantly decreased (β1=−0.341, p<0.0001, linear regression analysis [LRA]). Most of the hormonal, electrolyte, and physiological parameters were maintained throughout the study period. In these circumstances, E/e’ tended to decrease (β1=−0.382, p=0.13, LRA). Compared to the baseline, E/e’ was significantly decreased at 1 and 3 months (p<0.01, p<0.05). In the higher E/e’ group (E/e’≥10, n=34), E/e’ decreased significantly (β1=−0.63, p<0.05, LRA). ΔE/e’ was correlated with body-weight change during treatment (r=0.64, p<0.01). The 3-month tofogliflozin treatment improved glycemic control and diastolic function represented by E/e’ in T2DM patients, without affecting serum electrolytes, renal function, or RAA. No negative impacts on the patients were observed. Three-month tofogliflozin treatment lowered glucose and improved cardiac diastolic function.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7642022Social Capital and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder among Heavy Rainfall and Flood Victims in Japan439446ENChikaraMiyajiDepartment of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesSoshiTakaoDepartment of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMasayukiNoguchiOkayama Prefectural Mental Health and Welfare CenterTsubasaOkazakiOkayama Prefectural Mental Health and Welfare CenterShunsukeSatoOkayama Prefectural Mental Health and Welfare CenterTakashiYorifujiDepartment of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/63903This study examined the relationship between cognitive/structural social capital and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among victims of heavy rain and flood. Participants were individuals aged≥18 years affected by the July 2018 heavy rainfall in the cities of Kurashiki and Soja, Japan, and living in temporary housing. We distributed five copies of a questionnaire to 1,991 households and received responses from 1,927 individuals (907 men, 1,008 women, 12 respondents of unspecified sex) in 1,029 households (51.7%). We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between high (vs. low) social capital and PTSD or other outcomes. After covariate adjustment, the odds of having PTSD were lower in participants with high cognitive social capital than those with low cognitive social capital (OR=0.346, 95%CI: 0.263-0.456). Elderly women with higher structural social capital tended to have lower PTSD odds than those with lower structural social capital (OR=0.671, 95%CI: 0.431-1.046). The opposite pattern was observed for elderly men (OR=1.315, 95%CI: 0.792-2.183). Cognitive social capital is a protective factor that may reduce PTSD or promote
a favorable PTSD prognosis after heavy rainfall and flood events. The associations between structural social capital and PTSD differ by age and sex.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7642022The Association between Preoperative Blood Pressure Elevations and Postoperative Adverse Outcomes after Non-cardiac Surgery: A Single-center Retrospective Observational Study429437ENYusukeYamadoriDepartment of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa UniversityTomohiroHiraoDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa UniversityNlandu R. NgatuDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa UniversityKanaeKandaDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa UniversitySyed Mahfuz Al HasanDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa UniversityAkitsuMurakamiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa UniversityYukinoriMashimaDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa UniversityGotaroShirakamiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa UniversityOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/63902Blood pressure (BP) often rises before surgery. This study investigated whether BP elevation immediately before surgery was associated with adverse outcomes. Medical records of 11,732 patients (average age: 61 years; male: 47.4%) who underwent non-cardiac elective inpatient surgery under general anesthesia at Kagawa University Hospital between January 2011 and June 2019 were reviewed. Differences between the first BP values measured on the day before surgery and the first BP values in the operating room were defined as Δ systolic BP (ΔSBP) and Δ diastolic BP (ΔDBP). The relationships between ΔSBP/ΔDBP and 30-day mortality, 30-day readmission, and over-the-standard length of hospital stay (OSLOS) were assessed. OSLOS was defined as a hospital stay longer than mean+2 standard deviations and was calculated using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination data. In univariate analysis, the differences in ΔSBP and ΔDBP between the OSLOS and standard LOS groups were both 2 mmHg. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only ΔDBP was associated with OSLOS. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for the largest quartile was 1.31 (1.02-1.69) (p<0.05). ΔDBP was associated with OSLOS; however, there may be little need to worry about large ΔSBPs and ΔDBPs in clinical practice.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7632022Rhabdomyolysis with Multiple Electrolyte Imbalances under Proton Pump Inhibitor Treatment after Total Thyroidectomy339342ENAkihikoYanoDepartment of General Medicine, Kochi Health Sciences CenterKen-eiSadaDepartment of General Medicine, Kochi Health Sciences CenterTsutomuSawadaDepartment of General Medicine, Kochi Health Sciences CenterHidekiItoDepartment of General Medicine, Kochi Health Sciences CenterHirokoYanoDepartment of General Medicine, Kochi Health Sciences CenterTatsuyaIkedaDepartment of General Medicine, Kochi Health Sciences CenterCase Report10.18926/AMO/63745A 90-year-old man presented with muscle weakness, difficulty concentrating, and dysphagia. About eighteen months prior to presentation, lansoprazole had been initiated to prevent stress ulcers; he also had a history of total thyroidectomy due to papillary thyroid cancer ten years prior. Laboratory findings were as follows: K 2.4 mEq/L, Ca 3.7 mg/dL, Mg 1.3 mg/dL, CK 5386 U/L, and intact PTH (iPTH) 14 pg/mL. Rhabdomyolysis with multiple electrolyte imbalances under proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment was diagnosed. We initiated intravenous hydration and electrolyte supplementation with discontinuation of PPI. After discontinuing PPI, the patient’s serum magnesium, potassium, and calcium levels normalised with oral vitamin D and calcium supplementation. PPIs can cause hypocalcaemia and hypokalaemia via hypomagnesemia; hypocalcaemia is also a common postoperative complication of thyroidectomy. Careful monitoring of electrolyte levels is required in patients with long-term PPI treatment, especially in post-thyroidectomy cases.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7632022Successful Treatment of Atypical Femoral Fracture with Bowed Femur Using Contralateral Intramedullary Nail Combined with Early Daily Teriparatide333338ENManabuAkagawaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Omagari Kosei Medical CenterNaohisaMiyakoshiDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineHiroyukiTsuchieDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineYujiKasukawaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineTakashiKawaragiDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Omagari Kosei Medical CenterItsukiNagahataDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Omagari Kosei Medical CenterMasazumiSuzukiDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Omagari Kosei Medical CenterTakayukiYoshikawaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Omagari Kosei Medical CenterToshikiAbeDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Omagari Kosei Medical CenterYoichiShimadaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineCase Report10.18926/AMO/63744We report a case of atypical femoral fracture achieving early fracture union with combination therapy comprising contralateral nail and immediate teriparatide injection. Fracture union of atypical fractures is often delayed due to bowing deformity and bone metabolic disorders. Combination treatment that takes both problems into consideration represents a useful treatment option for atypical femoral fracture.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7632022Factors Associated with Surgical Field Bacterial Detection during Total Hip Arthroplasty291295ENYoshiakiMiyakeDepartment of Bone and Joint Surgery, Kawasaki Medical SchoolShigeruMitaniDepartment of Bone and Joint Surgery, Kawasaki Medical SchoolYoshifumiNambaDepartment of Bone and Joint Surgery, Kawasaki Medical SchoolNorifumiUmeharaDepartment of Bone and Joint Surgery, Kawasaki Medical SchoolToyohiroKawamotoDepartment of Bone and Joint Surgery, Kawasaki Medical SchoolShuroFuruichiDepartment of Bone and Joint Surgery, Kawasaki Medical SchoolOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/63738Total hip arthroplasty (THA) provides relief from hip pain and improves hip function. However, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains an area of concern. We examined the detection rate of bacteria from surgical fields in wound closure, along with the relationship between bacterial detection rate and type of antiseptic, surgery time, and surgeon experience for 500 patients who underwent THA at our department. The mean age at surgery was 64.3 (± 27.3) years. The bacterial detection rate was 4.6%. None of the cases revealed PJI. No significant association between the detection rate and type of antiseptic used or surgery time was observed. However, for patients treated by surgeons with < 10 years of orthopedic experience, a detection rate of 7.3% was found, while a rate of 1.3% was observed for those treated by surgeons with ≥ 10 years of orthopedic experience. This finding indicated that orthopedic experience of less than 10 years was significantly associated with an increased bacterial detection rate (chi-square test, p=0.002). The detection rate was associated with surgeon experience but not with antiseptic type or surgery time. It is possible that intraoperative handling may increase the number of bacteria in surgical fields in wound closure.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7622022Changes in Plasma Clozapine Levels after Smoking Cessation in Japanese Inpatients with Schizophrenia: A Retrospective Cohort Study137143ENMasaruTsukaharaDepartment of Psychiatry, Okayama Psychiatric Medical CenterRyuheiSoDepartment of Psychiatry, Okayama Psychiatric Medical CenterYujiYadaDepartment of Psychiatry, Okayama Psychiatric Medical CenterMasafumiKodamaDepartment of Psychiatry, Okayama Psychiatric Medical CenterYoshikiKishiDepartment of Psychiatry, Okayama Psychiatric Medical CenterNorihitoYamadaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/63407Although reported for Caucasians, changes in plasma clozapine levels after smoking cessation in East Asians remain unclear. We here investigated plasma clozapine levels before and after smoking cessation in Japanese inpatients with schizophrenia. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 14 inpatients with schizophrenia who were being treated with clozapine between June 1, 2019, and July 31, 2019 and who were smokers as of July 1, 2019, the day on which a smoking ban was instituted in the tertiary public psychiatric hospital. The primary outcome was individual differences in plasma clozapine levels between before and after the smoking ban, which were compared using paired t-tests. The mean plasma clozapine level was significantly increased, by 213.4 ng/mL (95% CI 119.9-306.8; p<0.01) or 53.2%. Four of the 14 inpatients experienced clinically significant side effects, such as myoclonus, drooling, and amnesia, due to the development of high plasma clozapine levels. Our findings indicated that close monitoring of plasma clozapine levels before and after smoking cessation and prior dose adjustment of clozapine may be necessary, to prevent a significant risk of developing high plasma clozapine levels, even in Japanese patients.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231792022「批評者」たり得る言葉の力の育成を目指した高等学校国語科授業137156ENShigekoMakinoDepartment of Teaching and School Leadership Graduate School of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/63248本稿は，令和２年度岡山県立総社高等学校家政科１年生を対象とする「国語総合」の授業の実践報告である。稿者は，現在の高等学校国語科の課題克服に向けた指導者の姿勢は「教材への依存度の高さからの脱却」「生徒を真の意味で「主体的な学び」に誘う学習活動の実践」であるとの私見を持っており，本稿では私見にもとづく姿勢で行った１年間の授業について，その概要と教科書所収の文章を「依存から脱出」して教材文として用いた単元の内容を報告した。コロナ禍の影響や評価の面での現場の実態との乖離，稿者の授業作りの「甘さ」等により，成果以上に課題も多く見出せたものの，私見の方向性に間違いがないことが実感できた。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7612022Chidamide and Decitabine in Combination with a HAG Priming Regimen for Acute Myeloid Leukemia with TP53 Mutation6370ENBeiZhangDepartment of Hematology, Jiaozuo People’s HospitalZhixinPeiDepartment of Hematology, Jiaozuo People’s HospitalHongxiaWangDepartment of Hematology, Jiaozuo People’s HospitalHuiminWuDepartment of Hematology, Jiaozuo People’s HospitalJunjieWangDepartment of Hematology, Jiaozuo People’s HospitalJunjunBaiDepartment of Hematology, Jiaozuo People’s HospitalQinglinSongDepartment of Hematology, Jiaozuo People’s HospitalOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/63213We analyzed the treatment effects of chidamide and decitabine in combination with a HAG (homoharringtonine, cytarabine, G-CSF) priming regimen (CDHAG) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with TP53 mutation. Seven TP53 mutated AML patients were treated with CDHAG. The treatment effects were assessed using hemogram detection and bone marrow aspirate. The possible side effects were evaluated based on both hematological and non-hematological toxicity. Four of the seven patients were classified as having achieved complete remission after CDHAG treatment; one patient was considered to have achieved partial remission, and the remaining two patients were considered in non-remission. The overall response rate (ORR) to CDHAG was 71.4%. Regarding the side effects, the hematological toxicity level of the seven patients ranged from level III to level IV, and infections that occurred at lung, blood, and skin were recorded. Nausea, vomiting, liver injury, and kidney injury were also detected. However, all side effects were attenuated by proper management. The CDHAG regimen clearly improved the ORR (71.4%) of TP53-mutated AML patients, with no severe side effects.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.MDPIActa Medica Okayama2072-66941412021Cancer-Associated Stromal Cells Promote the Contribution of MMP2-Positive Bone Marrow-Derived Cells to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Invasion137ENMay WathoneOoDepartment of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityHotakaKawaiDepartment of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityKiyofumiTakabatakeDepartment of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityQiushengShanDepartment of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityHtoo ShweEainDepartment of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityShintaroSukegawaDepartment of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityKeisukeNakanoDepartment of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityHitoshiNagatsukaDepartment of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversitySimple Summary Based on its invasiveness, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) shows two different subtypes: less-invasive verrucous squamous carcinoma (VSCC) or highly invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The stromal component influences OSCC progression and invasion. On the other hand, bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) are recruited into tumors and involved in tumor development. We hypothesized that stromal factors might also affect the relation of BMDCs and tumor invasion. We established the OSCC models transplanted with stromal cells from VSCC and SCC, and we compared the potential stromal factors of VSCC and SCC for the involvement of BMDCs in tumor invasion. Our study showed that stromal factors IL6 and IL1B might promote the contribution of MMP-2 positive BMDCs to OSCC invasion. Tumor stromal components contribute to tumor development and invasion. However, the role of stromal cells in the contribution of bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) invasion is unclear. In the present study, we created two different invasive OSCC patient-derived stroma xenografts (PDSXs) and analyzed and compared the effects of stromal cells on the relation of BMDCs and tumor invasion. We isolated stromal cells from two OSCC patients: less invasive verrucous OSCC (VSCC) and highly invasive conventional OSCC (SCC) and co-xenografted with the OSCC cell line (HSC-2) on green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive bone marrow (BM) cells transplanted mice. We traced the GFP-positive BM cells by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and detected matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) expression on BM cells by double fluorescent IHC. The results indicated that the SCC-PDSX promotes MMP2-positive BMDCs recruitment to the invasive front line of the tumor. Furthermore, microarray analysis revealed that the expressions of interleukin 6; IL-6 mRNA and interleukin 1 beta; IL1B mRNA were higher in SCC stromal cells than in VSCC stromal cells. Thus, our study first reports that IL-6 and IL1B might be the potential stromal factors promoting the contribution of MMP2-positive BMDCs to OSCC invasion.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7552021Deep Angiomyxoma of the Thigh That Is Difficult to Diagnose: A Case Report and Literature Review653657ENHiroyuki TsuchieDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineNaohisaMiyakoshiDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineHiroyukiNagasawaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineHiroshiNanjoDepartment of Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineYoichiShimadaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineCase Report10.18926/AMO/62780We present an extremely rare case of deep angiomyxoma (DAM) in the thigh that was misdiagnosed as desmoid-type fibromatosis. A 40-year-old Japanese woman presented with a mass on the left thigh. The histological diagnosis by needle biopsy was desmoid-type fibromatosis; the tumor grew slowly and was resected 4 years later. The histological diagnosis from the resected tumor was DAM. As of 16 months post-surgery, the patient has not noticed any local recurrence. Although DAM in a lower extremity is extremely rare, clinicians must be aware of its possible occurrence in areas relatively close to the pelvis.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7552021Relation Between Identity Disclosure to Family Members and Mental Health in Japanese Transgender People611623ENYuZhouGraduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama UniversityMichiyoFurutaniGraduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama UniversityRukmaliAthurupanaGraduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama UniversityMikiyaNakatsukaGraduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama UniversityOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/62774Family members are critical mediators of the experiences of transgender people. We studied whether transgen-der subjects had disclosed their identity to their families and their families’ reactions after the disclosure. We also evaluated the subjects’ mental state and its association with disclosure status. Transgender people were recruited for this anonymous questionnaire survey in the Okayama University Hospital gender clinic. Subjects disclosed their identity to family members at the following rates: 68.7% to the father, 89.1% to the mother, 59.1% to a brother, 77.8% to a sister, and 47.6% to grandparents. Fathers had the lowest rate (26.7%) of posi-tive reactions, while over 50% of fathers showed an ambiguous response. Approximately 20% of parents showed a negative response. The majority of parents agreed to hormonal treatment and sex-reassignment sur-gery and that the transgender child should live with the gender they wanted to express. However, the rate of subjects with mood and anxiety disorders according to the Kessler 6 scale was significantly higher in those who experienced negative or ambiguous reactions from family members compared to those who experienced posi-tive reactions. Educational and mental health professionals should support the disclosure process of transgen-der people as well as their family members.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7552021Relationship between Pressure Ulcers in Elderly People and Physiological Indices of the Skin557565ENHirokoTakeshima KoharaDepartment of Nursing, University of KochiMitsunori IkedaDepartment of Nursing, University of KochiMasamiOkawaShiragikuen HospitalOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/62768This study examined the relationship between skin physiological indices and pressure ulcers in elderly people. The subjects were 55 bedridden elderly Japanese patients with a median age of 85 years. The following parame-ters were measured using non-invasive devices: skin surface temperature, moisture content in the stratum corneum, moisture content in the dermis, transepidermal water loss as an index of skin barrier function, skin erythema and skin elasticity. The sacral and 2 heel areas were observed as sites predisposed to pressure ulcers. Within one month after measuring the skin physiological indices, we confirmed pressure ulcers of National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel classification Stage II or worse based on medical records. Among the 55 patients, 4 (7.3%) prospectively developed a total of 5 pressure ulcers within 16 days. Only the skin erythema score was significantly higher with than without pressure ulcers (p < 0.001). We performed a binary logistic regression analysis and confirmed a significant relationship between pressure-ulcer development and the level of erythema (odds ratio = 1.026; 95% confidence interval: 1.011-1.042). Skin erythema increased before the development of pressure ulcers. Taken together, our results show that the high skin erythema score can be a predictive indicator of pressure ulcers.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7542021Effects of Tablet Size and Head Posture on Drug Swallowing: A Preliminary Examination Using Endoscopy in Healthy Subjects495503ENShuntaroSugiyamaDivision of Medically Compromised Geriatric Dentistry, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University Hospital Graduate School of DentistryTakatoshiIidaDivision of Medically Compromised Geriatric Dentistry, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University Hospital Graduate School of DentistryYoshinariMorimotoDivision of Medically Compromised Geriatric Dentistry, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University Hospital Graduate School of DentistryYukiYamazakiDivision of Medically Compromised Geriatric Dentistry, Department of Pharmacy, Kanagawa Dental University HospitalLouMikuzukiDivision of Medically Compromised Geriatric Dentistry, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University Hospital Graduate School of DentistryMegumiHayashiDivision of Medically Compromised Geriatric Dentistry, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University Hospital Graduate School of DentistryOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/62402Tablet size and head posture have been reported to affect swallowing of medications, but no previous studies have evaluated their effects in detail. Our aim was to investigate for the first time the effect of tablet size and head posture on drug swallowing by endoscopic evaluation in healthy subjects. Round tablets (7 , 10 , 12, and 14 mm in diameter) were swallowed by 15 healthy adults with an endoscope inserted in the neutral, head flex-ion, and head extension positions. Evaluation of swallowing difficulty using a numeric rating scale (NRS), presence or absence of pharyngeal residue and its location, and tablet oral transit time (TOTT) were recorded. In the neutral position, the NRS score was higher with the 14 mm tablets than with the 7 mm tablets. The TOTT with the 7 mm tablets was significantly shorter in the head extension than in the neutral position. Swallowing difficulty increased when the tablet diameter was more than 7 mm. Residues were found in the epi-glottis, pyriform sinus, and tongue base. These findings suggest that head extension shortens the TOTT and assists oral-pharyngeal transport.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7542021Clinical Course of 60 Cesarean Scar Pregnancies439445ENTakashiMitsuiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesSakurakoMishimaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKazumasaTaniDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesJotaMakiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesErikoEtoDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKeiHayataDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHisashiMasuyamaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/62395Early diagnosis and therapy are important in a cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), which can cause uterine rupture with resultant massive bleeding. However, there are some reports of CSPs continued to term. The optimal management of CSPs remains unclear; therefore, we investigated the clinical courses of CSPs diagnosed and treated at perinatal institutions in the Chugoku and Shikoku regions of Japan. We enrolled 60 women diag-nosed with CSP at 21 institutions from January 2006 to December 2015. Of the 60 women diagnosed with CSP, 57 were treated. Pregnancy was terminated in 48 women and continued in 9. Thirteen women underwent transabdominal hysterectomy; they experienced no postoperative complications or allogeneic blood transfu-sion. Nine women received therapies such as dilation and curettage, and 26 received non-surgical therapies such as methotrexate and topical administration of potassium chloride. Among 9 women who chose to con-tinue with their CSP, 7 successfully delivered newborns, 2 had uterine ruptures in the second trimester, and all women required transabdominal hysterectomy. Diagnosis and therapy in the first trimester of pregnancy are important in the management strategy of a CSP. When continuing a CSP, the risk of uterine rupture and trans-abdominal hysterectomy must be considered.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7542021Surgical Treatment of Epiretinal Membrane403413ENRyoMatobaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYukiMorizaneDepartment of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesReview10.18926/AMO/62378Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a common retinal disease characterized by cellular proliferation and metaplasia that lead to the formation of a pathological fibrocellular membrane immediately superjacent to the inner retinal surface. The vast majority of ERMs are considered idiopathic. However, ERM formation can result from various primary intraocular diseases, including retinal breaks and detachment, retinal vascular diseases, and vitreoretinal inflammatory conditions. Although ERMs are generally asymptomatic or cause mild metamorphopsia and/or a modest decrease in visual acuity, some can cause severe macular distortion and macular edema, resulting in significantly impaired function. Surgical removal of ERM is the only treatment, and improvements in vitrectomy systems have enabled less invasive treatment. However, there are currently no standardized criteria for ERM surgery, and the indications for surgery are determined from the patient’s subjective symptoms. Another problem with ERM surgery is that not all patients show satisfactory postoperative recovery of visual function. Thus, further research is needed to determine the criteria for ERM surgery and methods to improve the postoperative prognosis.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7522021Successful Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Complicated with Endometrial Cancer by Arsenic Trioxide219224ENHiroyukiSugiuraDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHisakazuNishimoriDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHirofumiMatsuokaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKeiichiroNakamuraDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKeikoFujiiDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNobuharu FujiiDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKen-ichi MatsuokaDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYoshinobuMaedaDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesCase Report10.18926/AMO/61904Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a hematological emergency that requires urgent intervention because of the high incidence of early hemorrhagic death. When patients with APL experience a synchronous solid organ tumor, the tumor’s treatment must also be done properly. Differentiation-inducing therapy using arsenic trioxide (ATO) has less hematological toxicity compared to cytotoxic chemotherapy and might be preferable for untreated APL patients with a synchronous solid organ tumor. Here we describe the first successful case of untreated APL and synchronous endometrial cancer (in an adult Japanese woman) treated with ATO consolidation therapy and the subsequent surgery and chemotherapy for endometrial cancer.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7522021Camouflage Treatment for Skeletal Maxillary Protrusion and Lateral Deviation with Classic-Type Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome205212ENMitsuhiroHoshijimaDepartment of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNoriakiKawanabeDepartment of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesSeijiIidaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTakashiYamashiroDepartment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka UniversityHiroshiKamiokaDepartment of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesCase Report10.18926/AMO/61902We herein report the case of a 19-year-old female with a transverse discrepancy, skeletal Class II malocclusion, severe crowding with concerns of classic-type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), aesthetics problems and functional problems. The main characteristics of classic EDS are loose-jointedness and fragile, easily bruised skin that heals with peculiar “cigarette-paper” scars. The anteroposterior and transverse skeletal discrepancies can generally be resolved by maxilla repositioning and mandibular advancement surgery following pre-surgical orthodontic treatment. However, this patient was treated with orthodontic camouflage but not orthognathic surgery because of the risks of skin bruising, poor healing and a temporomandibular disorder. A satisfactory dental appearance and occlusion were achieved after camouflage treatment with orthodontic anchor screws and the use of Class II elastics, including the preservation of the stomatognathic functions. Acceptable occlusion and dentition were maintained after a two-year retention period. This treatment strategy of orthodontic camouflage using temporary anchorage, such as anchor screws and Class II elastics, may be a viable treatment option for skeletal malocclusion patients with EDS.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7522021Efficacy and Safety of Ramucirumab/nab-paclitaxel for Previously Treated Advanced Gastric Cancer in Community Hospitals133138ENShinsukeHashidaDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central HospitalNorimitsuTanakaDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central HospitalYutaTakahashiDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central HospitalYujiOnodaDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central HospitalHugh ShunsukeColvinDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central HospitalRyuichiroOhashiDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central HospitalKunio OkamotoDepartment of Medical Oncology, Kagawa Prefectural Central HospitalOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/61879As the nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) is free of ethanol and premedication, the duration of administration is shorter and patients can drive themselves to and from the hospital. In the 2018 Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines, ramucirumab (RAM) plus weekly nab-PTX is conditionally recommended for previously treated patients with advanced gastric cancer. Here, we retrospectively analysed the efficacy and safety of RAM+nab-PTX for such patients in community hospitals. From January 2018 to December 2019, 43 patients with metastatic and recurrent gastric cancer received RAM+nab-PTX treatment. Six patients (13.9%) were older than 80 years and 9 patients (20.9%) showed ECOG-PS 2. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse events (AEs) were reviewed retrospectively. Median PFS was 114 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 84-190) and median OS was 297 days (95% CI: 180-398). ORR and DCR were 32.4% and 72.2%, respectively. The incidence rates of ≥grade 3 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia were 53.5% and 2.3%, respectively. No treatment-related deaths occurred. RAM plus nab-PTX combination therapy demonstrated manageable toxicity even patients who were elderly or had an ECOG-PS 2. This treatment is useful in community hospital settings.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Oxford University PressActa Medica Okayama0368-28115112020Long-term ureteroscopic management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: 28-year single-centre experience130137ENYukiMaruyamaDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical ScienceMotooArakiDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical ScienceKoichiroWadaDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical ScienceKasumiYoshinagaDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical ScienceYosukeMitsuiDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical ScienceTakuyaSadahiraDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical ScienceShingoNishimuraDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical ScienceKoheiEdamuraDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical ScienceYasuyukiKobayashiDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical ScienceMasamiWatanabeDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical ScienceToyohikoWatanabeDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical ScienceManojMongaDepartment of Urology, The Cleveland ClinicYasutomoNasuDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical ScienceHiromiKumonInnovation Center Okayama for Nanobio-Targeted Therapy, Okayama UniversityBackground</br>
Long-term survival outcomes of patients who undergo endoscopic management of non-invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma remain uncertain. The longest mean follow-up period in previous studies was 6.1 years. This study reports the long-term outcomes of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma who underwent ureteroscopic ablation at a single institution over a 28-year period.</br>
Methods</br>
We identified all patients who underwent ureteroscopic management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma as their primary treatment at our institution between January 1991 and April 2011. Survival outcomes, including overall survival, cancer-specific survival, upper-tract recurrence-free survival and renal unit survival, were estimated using Kaplan−Meier methodology.</br>
Results</br>
A total of 15 patients underwent endoscopic management, with a mean age at diagnosis of 66 years. All patients underwent ureteroscopy, and biopsy-confirmed pathology was obtained. Median (range; mean) follow-up was 11.7 (2.3–20.9, 11.9) years. Upper tract recurrence occurred in 87% (n = 13) of patients. Twenty percent (n = 3) of patients proceeded to nephroureterectomy. The estimated cancer-specific survival rate was 93% at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years. Estimated overall survival rates were 86, 80, 54 and 20% at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years. Only one patient experienced cancer-specific mortality. The estimated mean and median overall survival times were 14.5 and 16.6 years, respectively. The estimated mean cancer-specific survival time was not reached.</br>
Conclusions</br>
Although upper tract recurrence is common, endoscopic management of non-invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma provides a 90% cancer-specific survival rate at 20 years in selected patients.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7512021Clinical Characteristics of Low Androgen Status in Males with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus18ENJunHamaharaDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHiroyukiHondaDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKoichiroYamamotoDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKazukiTokumasuDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYoshihisaHanayamaDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHideharuHagiyaDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMikakoObikaDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKeigoUedaDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMasayukiKishidaDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesFumioOtsukaDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/61424To determine the clinical characteristics of low androgen status in adult males with diabetes, we retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in whom serum free testosterone (FT) levels were examined for 1 year. Among the 46 patients (56 ± 1.5 years old), decreases in serum FT levels to < 8.5 pg/ml (indicating the occurrence of late-onset hypogonadism [LOH]) were detected in 18 (39%). The per-centages of patients with low FT levels were high in the ≥ 50 years age group (83%), the HbA1c < 7% group (67%), and the 25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2 group (56%). The serum FT levels tended to decrease age-dependently. The level of HbA1c was significantly correlated with the Heinemann Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) score (R = 0.47). The low-FT group had decreased levels of hemoglobin. Of note, the serum FSH level (R = −0.32) was negatively correlated with the serum FT level, whereas the serum TSH level (R = 0.36) was positively correlated with the serum FT level. Collectively, these results revealed that many diabetic males may have low FT levels and that the AMS score is related to the HbA1c level. A slightly anemic condition, thyroid dysfunction, and obesity (class 1) might be involved in LOH in middle-aged diabetic males.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7462020A Japanese Patient with Gastric Cancer and Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency Presenting with DPYD Variants557562ENMikakoIshiguroDepartment of Internal Medicine, Tsuyama Chuo HospitalRyutaTakenakaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Tsuyama Chuo HospitalKenichiroOguraDepartment of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life SciencesAkiraHiratsukaDepartment of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life SciencesHiromasaTakedaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Tsuyama Chuo HospitalDaisukeKawaiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Tsuyama Chuo HospitalHirofumiTsugenoDepartment of Internal Medicine, Tsuyama Chuo HospitalShigeatsuFujikiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Tsuyama Chuo HospitalHiroyukiOkadaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesCase Report10.18926/AMO/61217A 63-year-old Japanese male with stomach adenocarcinoma received oral 5-fluorouracil derivative, cisplatin and trastuzumab chemotherapy. On day 8, severe diarrhea and mucositis developed; chemotherapy was stopped. On day 14, the patient developed renal dysfunction and febrile neutropenia. He also suffered from pneumonia due to Candida albicans. Systemic symptoms improved after intensive conservative treatment. Best supportive care was continued until the patient died from gastric cancer. The dihydropyrimidine dehydroge-nase protein level was low at 3.18 U/mg protein. The result of DPYD genotyping revealed three variants at posi-tions 1615 (G > A), 1627 (A > G), and 1896 (T > C) in exons 13, 13, and 14, respectively.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7462020Reality of Gastric Cancer in Young Patients: The Importance and Difficulty of the Early Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment461466ENYoshiyasuKonoDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHiromitsuKanzakiDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMasayaIwamuroDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesSeijiKawanoDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYoshiroKawaharaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHiroyukiOkadaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesReview10.18926/AMO/61204Gastric cancer usually arises in middle-aged to older patients, and is rarely found in younger patients. The clin-ical characteristics, etiology, prognosis, preventive methods and treatment of gastric cancer in young patients have not been fully investigated because of its low prevalence. In this review, we discuss the current under-standing and clinical problems associated with gastric cancer in young patients. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which is a major cause of gastric cancer, especially in older populations, is closely associated with gastric cancer in young patients as well as in older patients. Gastric cancer in young patients tends to be diagnosed at an advanced stage with alarm symptoms. However, young patients with advanced gastric cancer tend to have a favorable general condition and organ function, so they can tolerate intensive systematic chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the prognosis of gastric cancer in young patients with an advanced stage is not favorable. We should not take this rare disease lightly, given its poor prognosis if patients are diagnosed at an unresectable stage. The evaluation of the H. pylori infection status and performance of H. pylori eradication therapy to prevent gastric cancer in young patients as well as the development of more intensive chemotherapy regimens for unre-sectable gastric cancer in young patients are warranted.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学文学部国語国文学研究室Acta Medica Okayama0386-3123191991判断文・現象描写文とプロトタイプ論137146EN10.18926/okadaironkou/60392No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7442020Hospital Evacuation Assistance from Public and Private Resources: Lessons Learned from the 2018 Western Japan Floods359364ENMototakaInabaDepartment of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHiromichiNaitoDepartment of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTomoyoshiMuramatsuMabi Memorial HospitalTaiheiYamadaDepartment of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTaizoSakataPeace Winds JapanAtsunoriNakaoDepartment of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesCase Report10.18926/AMO/60375During major flooding in June/July 2018, the Mabi Memorial Hospital in Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan was flooded and patients were stranded in the hospital. Peace Winds Japan, a non-governmental organization, collaborated with the Japanese Disaster Medical Assistance Team and Self-Defense Force Public to transport 8 critical patients from the hospital by helicopter. Ultimately, 54 patients and hospital staff members were safely evacuated. The evacuation was accomplished without any casualties, despite the severe conditions. Public and private organizations can work together and continue to seek ways to collaborate and cooperate in disaster settings.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7442020Recurrence of Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma Could Be Predicted by Ki-67 Regardless of Its Origin335343ENYumikoYamamotoDepartment of Diagnostic Pathology, Kochi UniversityYoshihiroHayashiDepartment of Equipment of Support Planning Office, Kochi UniversityIchiroMurakamiDepartment of Diagnostic Pathology, Kochi UniversityOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/60372Since the discovery of the NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion in 2013, solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) and hemangiopericytoma (HPC) have been considered the same disease. STAT6 nuclear stain is approved as a highly sensitive and specific marker to diagnose SFT/HPC from other tumors with similar histology. As the next step, detection of fusion variants that may predict clinical malignancy of SFT/HPC has been attempted. However, no fusion variants with a clear relation to malignancy have been identified. In this study, the clinical and histological backgrounds of 23 Japanese patients diagnosed with SFT/HPC from 2000 to 2019 at Kochi University Hospital were examined to identify factors potentially related to recurrence. A significant relationship to recurrence was detected for mitosis ≥ 1/10 HPF (400×), necrosis, and Ki-67>5%. These findings indicate that a deliberate investigation of histological features such as mitosis and necrosis is crucial for the clinical observation of SFT/ HPC patients. In addition, Ki-67 was revealed to be a useful parameter to predict recurrence in SFT/HPC patients.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7442020Immobility-reducing Effects of Ketamine during the Forced Swim Test on 5-HT1A Receptor Activity in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in an Intractable Depression Model301306ENKeiTakahashiDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYoshihisaKitamuraDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesSoichiroUshioDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesToshiakiSendoDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/60368Ketamine has been clinically proven to ameliorate depression, including treatment-resistant depression. The detailed mechanism of action of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression remains unclear. We examined the effects of ketamine on the immobility times of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-treated rats during the forced swim test, and we explored the mechanism by which ketamine acts in this model. We investigated the neuroanatomical site of action by microinjecting ketamine into the medial prefrontal cortex of rats. A significant reduction of the rats’ immobility during the forced swim test was observed after the intraperitoneal injection of ketamine in both saline- and ACTH-treated rats. The microinjection of ketamine into the medial prefrontal cortex also decreased immobility during the forced swim test in both saline- and ACTH-treated rats. The immobility-decreasing effect of intraperitoneally injected ketamine was blocked by administering WAY100635, a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, into the medial prefrontal cortex. These findings contribute to the evidence that ketamine can be useful against treatment-resistant depressive conditions. The immobility-reducing effects of ketamine might be mediated by 5-HT1A receptor activity in the medial prefrontal cortex.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.EmeraldActa Medica Okayama1744-00841622019A proposal of calligraphy learning assistant system with letter portion practice function using projection mapping137149ENSamsulHudaDepartment of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Okayama UniversityNobuoFunabikiDepartment of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Okayama UniversityMinoruKuribayashiDepartment of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Okayama UniversityWen-Chung KaoDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal UniversityPurpose</br>
For several decades, calligraphy has been popular among people in Japan, China, and even in the world. Traditionally, a teacher teaches how to write letters on a paper with a brush, and a student will imitate them by referring to the model letters. However, if a teacher is not available, this method will not be applicable either. This study aims to propose a calligraphy learning assistant system (CLAS) using projection mapping, which allows a student to learn calligraphy by him/herself.</br>
Design/methodology/approach</br>
By following the letter writing video of a teacher that is directly projected on the paper, a student is able to learn the stroke order and writing speed in addition to the letter shape. Moreover, the letter portion practice function is incorporated in CLAS to allow a learner to repeat practicing hard portions of each letter.</br>
Findings</br>
For evaluations, the authors implemented CLAS using Raspberry Pi and open-source software and asked students to use it. The results confirmed that CLAS is effective in improving calligraphy skills of novice students.</br>
Originality/value</br>
With CLAS, a student can practice calligraphy using a conventional brush, ink and paper at a desk while looking at the model letter writing of a teacher projected on the paper using projection mapping.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7432020Stem Cell Therapy in Heart Disease: Limitations and Future Possibilities185190ENToshikazuSanoDepartment of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San FranciscoShutaIshigamiDepartment of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San FranciscoTatsuoItoDepartment of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical UniversityShunjiSanoDepartment of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San FranciscoReview10.18926/AMO/59948Heart diseases are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite major advances in drug and interventional therapies, surgical procedures, and organ transplantation, further research into new therapeutic options is still necessary. Stem cell therapy has emerged as one option for the treatment of a variety of heart diseases. Although a large number of clinical trials have shown stem cell therapy to be a promising therapeutic approach, the results obtained from these clinical studies are inconsistent, and stem cell-based improvements of heart performance and cardiac remodeling were found to be quite limited. Since the precise mechanisms underlying the therapeutic actions of stem cells are still under debate, researchers have developed a variety of strategies to improve and boost the potency of stem cells in repair. In this review, we summarize both the current therapeutic strategies using stem cells and future directions for enhancing stem cell potency.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学 資源植物科学研究所 野生植物グループActa Medica OkayamaノスズメノテッポウENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7422020Mucinous Carcinoma of the Breast: Clinicopathological Features and Long-term Prognosis in Comparison with Invasive Ductal Cancer; A Single Hospital’s 30+-Year Experience137143ENHiroshiIsozakiDepartment of Surgery, Oomoto HospitalYasuhisaYamamotoDepartment of Surgery, Oomoto HospitalKunihikoSakaiDepartment of Surgery, Oomoto HospitalTatuoShoDepartment of Surgery, Oomoto HospitalKiyohiroIshiharaDepartment of Surgery, Oomoto HospitalShigekiMurakamiDepartment of Surgery, Oomoto HospitalSasauMatsumotoDepartment of Surgery, Oomoto HospitalTakehiroTakamaDepartment of Surgery, Oomoto HospitalOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/58272 Mucinous carcinoma (MC) of the breast is a rare and special type of malignancy, with a substantial amount of extracellular mucin. We compared the clinicopathological features and the long-term survival of MC patients with those of invasive ductal carcinoma-no special type (IDC-NST) patients, and we examined prognostic factors of MC. A total of 116 patients with mucinous carcinoma and 3,258 patients with IDC-NST who underwent surgery at our hospital (1977-2008) were enrolled. The 10-year overall survival rate and breast cancer-specific survival rate (BSS) of the MC patients (88.3%, 93.7%) were both significantly higher than those of IDC-NST patients (81.6%, 85.0%) (p=0.015, p=0.005, respectively). A Cox regression analysis demonstrated that MC tended to be an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 0.44, p=0.098). The BSS of the MC patients with positive lymph node (LN) metastasis was significantly poorer than that of the patients without it, by univariate analysis (p=0.002). The tumor size in the MC patients with positive LN metastasis (mean 3.2 cm) was significantly larger than that in the patients without it (mean 1.9 cm) (p=0.0004). Although a Cox regression analysis revealed no independent factor, MC patients with positive LN metastasis should be treated for advanced invasive ductal breast cancer.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813132019平成30年度岡山医学会賞 脳神経研究奨励賞（新見賞）135137ENMidoriEdamatsuDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323102020歌唱時における表情と発声に関する研究123137ENSatomiKATAKAMIMasakoMUSHIAKI10.18926/CTED/58125 音楽授業等で児童・生徒が歌唱する時の表情は，発声にどのように影響するのだろうか。この疑問を明らかにするために，筆者等は，小学生から大学生を対象に，無表情・怒り・悲しみ・笑顔の表情を取り入れて歌う歌唱実験および歌唱者へのアンケート調査を実施し，表情の変化がもたらす効果について検討した。その結果，よりよい歌唱時の表情の効果では，笑顔の表情が歌いやすく，発声面で良い効果をもたらしていることが明らかとなった。また，笑顔の表情の中でも［たて］の笑顔が響きや高音の発声に良好であること，[よこ]の笑顔は，歌いやすいが力みやすいこと，笑顔の表情では，口の開け方を意識していることが示された。アンケート調査からは，年代が大きくなるほど，表情によって声が変化すると認識していることがわかった。一方，小学生では，表情や声の変化を感じづらいため，教師側が基礎の発声の理解へ導き，歌唱者が表情で声が変わったと感じられる指導が必要である。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学経済学会Acta Medica Okayama2433-4146512-32020エドゥアルト・ベルンシュタイン 「オスカール・ヤーシ著『マジャルの罪，ハンガリーの償い : ハンガリーにおける革命と反革命』への序文」131137ENYoshikiOta10.18926/OER/58076No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7412020A Promising New Anti-Cancer Strategy: Iron Chelators Targeting CSCs16ENYuehuaChenDepartment of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesToshiakiOharaDepartment of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesBoyiXingDepartment of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesJipingQiDepartment of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityKazuhiroNomaDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesAkihiroMatsukawaDepartment of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesReview10.18926/AMO/57946 Iron is a trace but vital element in the human body and is necessary for a multitude of crucial processes in life. However, iron overload is known to induce carcinogenesis via oxidative stress. Cancer cells require large amounts of iron for their rapid division and cell growth. Iron was recently found to play a role in cancer stem cells (CSCs); it maintains stemness during development. Iron also plays an important role in stemness by moderating reactive oxygen species. Thus, iron metabolism in CSCs is a promising therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize the roles of iron in cancer cells and CSCs. We also summarize anti-cancer therapeutic studies with iron chelators and describe our expectation of a new therapeutic strategy for CSCs on the basis of our findings.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.BMCActa Medica Okayama147123181912019Validation of Addenbrooke's cognitive examination III for detecting mild cognitive impairment and dementia in Japan123ENShintaroTakenoshitaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesSeishiTeradaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHidenoriYoshidaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMegumiYamaguchiDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMayumiYabeDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNaoImaiDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMakikoHoriuchiDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTomokoMikiDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOsamuYokotaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNorihitoYamadaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesBACKGROUND:Early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia is very important to begin appropriate treatment promptly and to prevent disease exacerbation. We investigated the screening accuracy of the Japanese version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) to diagnose MCI and dementia.</br>
METHODS:The original ACE-III was translated and adapted to Japanese. It was then administered to a Japanese population. The Hasegawa Dementia Scale-revised (HDS-R) and Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) were also applied to evaluate cognitive dysfunction. In total, 389 subjects (dementia = 178, MCI = 137, controls = 73) took part in our study.</br>
RESULTS:The optimal ACE-III cut-off scores to detect MCI and dementia were 88/89 (sensitivity 0.77, specificity 0.92) and 75/76 (sensitivity 0.82, specificity 0.90), respectively. ACE-III was superior to HDS-R and MMSE in the detection of MCI or dementia. The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and inter-rater reliability of ACE-III were excellent.</br>
CONCLUSIONS:ACE-III is a useful cognitive test to detect MCI and dementia. ACE-III may be widely useful in clinical practice.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7352019Risk Factors for Postoperative Hematoma after Chest Wall Contouring for Female-to-Male Transsexuals: A Clinical Study441447ENToshiyukiWatanabeDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,Okayama University HospitalToruSakuraiDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,Okayama University HospitalYukoMukaiDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,Okayama University HospitalYoshihiroKimataDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,Okayama University HospitalYuzaburoNambaDepartment of Gender Center, Okayama University HospitalOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/57375 Gender dysphoria is a condition in which a discrepancy between biological sex and gender identity causes distress. Many female-to-male transsexuals (FTMTS) are uncomfortable with female breasts. Chest wall contouring surgery is effective for obtaining a male-type chest, reducing mental stress, and increasing sexual satisfaction in such cases. At the Okayama University Hospital Gender Center, we have obtained positive results using an algorithm to determine the most appropriate surgical method for chest wall contouring in FTMTS patients. However, serious complications requiring reoperation, such as hematoma, may still occur. Postoperative hematomas were found in 15 (4.18%) of 358 FTMTS patients who underwent chest contouring surgery at our hospital between 2006 and 2018. Postoperative hematoma was examined retrospectively. The median time to the onset of hematoma was 7 (6-12) h after the initial surgery. The main blood vessels causing bleeding were those in the head-side skin flap region where visual confirmation was difficult and the perforator vessels from the pectoralis major muscle. Intraoperative bleeding and the operation time had a significant impact on the onset of postoperative hematoma. This is the first retrospective study that investigated the blood vessels and other factors contributing to postoperative hematoma development after chest wall contouring.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7332019Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Cryoablation of Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Renal Allograft: First Case in Asia269272ENIchiroTsuboiDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMotooArakiHiroyasuFujiwaraDepartment of Radiology, Okayama University HospitalToshihiroIguchiDepartment of Radiology, Okayama University HospitalTakaoHirakiDepartment of Radiology, Okayama University HospitalNaokoArichiDepartment of Urology, Shimane University, Faculty of MedicineKasumiKawamuraDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYukiMaruyamaDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYosukeMitsuiDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTakuyaSadahiraDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesRisaKubotaDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesShingoNishimuraDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTomokoSakoDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesAtsushiTakamotoDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKoichiroWadaDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYasuyukiKobayashiDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesToyohikoWatanabeDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHiroyukiYanaiDepartment of Pathology, Okayama University HospitalMasashiKitagawaDepartment of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKatsuyukiTanabeDepartment of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHitoshiSugiyamaDepartment of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesJunWadaDepartment of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHiroakiShiinaDepartment of Urology, Shimane University, Faculty of MedicineSusumuKanazawaDepartment of Radiology, Okayama University HospitalYasutomoNasuDepartment of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesCase Report10.18926/AMO/56871 Nephron-sparing treatment should be offered whenever possible to avoid dialysis in allograph cases. Cryoablation is a new treatment option for treating small-sized renal cell cancer (RCCs). We report a case of RCC arising in a kidney allograft treated by cryoablation. To our knowledge, this is the first case in Asia of RCC in a renal allograft treated using cryoablation. Contrast-enhanced CT-guided percutaneous renal needle biopsy and cryoablation were used to identify the RCC, which could not be identified by other techniques. The postoperative course was uneventful. Contrast-enhanced CT also showed no recurrence or metastases at the 6-month follow-up.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7312019Impact of Body Mass Index of Japanese Gallbladder Cancer Patients on their Postoperative Outcomes5159ENMasakuniFujiiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Okayama Saiseikai General HospitalKenjiFujimotoDepartment of Public Health, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthSyuntaroYabeDepartment of Internal Medicine, Okayama Saiseikai General HospitalJunichiroNasuDepartment of Internal Medicine, Okayama Saiseikai General HospitalJiroMiyaikeDepartment of Internal Medicine, Imabari Saiseikai General HospitalMasaoYoshiokaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Okayama Saiseikai General HospitalJunjiShiodeDepartment of Internal Medicine, Okayama Saiseikai General HospitalKazuhideYamamotoDepartment of Internal Medicine, Okayama Saiseikai General HospitalShinyaMatsudaDepartment of Public Health, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/56458 We investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and postoperative outcomes in 450 gallbladder cancer patients in Japan. We collected patient information, including sex, age, underlying disease, BMI, stage, surgery method, postoperative time to discharge, and postoperative Medicare fees, from the Japanese administrative database associated with the Diagnosis Procedure Combination system. We classified patient BMIs as underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m2), normal (BMI≥18.5 kg/m2 and <25 kg/m2) or overweight/obese (BMI≥25 kg/m2), then investigated the relationship between these categories and two postoperative outcomes: time to discharge and postoperative Medicare fees. The median postoperative time to discharge was 12 days in all patients, and 12 days in each of the three weight groups (p=0.62, n.s.). The median postoperative Medicare fees from surgery until discharge were (USD): all patients, $5,002; underweight, $5,875; normal weight, $4,797; and overweight/obese, $5,179 (p=0.146, n.s.). A multivariate analysis with adjustment for competing risk factors revealed that BMI was not associated with increased risk of longer postoperative time to discharge (normal weight: HR 1.17, p=0.29; overweight/obese: HR 1.17, p=0.37) or higher postoperative Medicare fees (OR 0.99, p=0.86, n.s.). Thus, high BMI was not found to be a factor for poor postoperative outcomes in Japanese patients with gallbladder cancer.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7312019The Role of Kallikrein-Related Peptidases in Atopic Dermatitis16ENShinMorizaneDepartment of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesReview10.18926/AMO/56452 Excessive protease activity is a characteristic abnormality that affects the epidermal barrier in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are excessively expressed in AD lesions, and it is suggested that the abnormal action of KLKs is involved in the skin barrier dysfunction in AD. In other words, overexpressed KLKs disrupt the normal barrier function, and due to that breakdown, external substances that can become antigens of AD easily invade the epidermis, resulting in dermatitis, coupled with the induction of Th2 cytokines. Further investigations are required to elucidate the role of KLKs in AD; this knowledge could contribute to the design of new therapeutic and prophylactic drugs for AD.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0030-15666012018A non-symmetric diffusion process on the Wiener space137153ENIchiroShigekawaDepartment of Mathematics Graduate School of Science Kyoto UniversityWe discuss a non-symmetric diffusion process on the Wiener space. The process we consider is generated by A = L + b, L being the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator and b being a vector �eld. Under suitable integrability condition for b, we show the existence of associated diffusion process. We also investigate the domain of the generator. Further we consider a similar problem in the �nite dimensional Euclidean space.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7222018Current Multidisciplinary Approach to Fertility Preservation for Breast Cancer Patients137142ENYukoTakahashiDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University HospitalTadahikoShienDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University HospitalAiSakamotoDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University HospitalYukoTsuyumuDepartment of Nursing, Okayama University HospitalRyoYoshiokaDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University HospitalMayaUnoDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University HospitalMinamiHatonoDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University HospitalMarikoKochiDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University HospitalKengoKawadaDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University HospitalTakahiroTsukiokiDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University HospitalTakayukiIwamotoDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University HospitalHirokuniIkedaDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University HospitalNarutoTairaDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University HospitalJunjiMatsuokaDepartment of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Okayama University HospitalMikiyaNakatsukaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University HospitalHiroyoshiDoiharaDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University HospitalOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/55854 Adverse effects on fertility are a significant problem for premenopausal breast cancer patients. Since April 2009, we have been referring young patients for fertility counseling provided by a multidisciplinary team. Here we evaluated the efficacy and safety of our current fertility preservation approach. We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 277 patients < 45 years old at diagnosis, which was made between 2009 and 2016. Seventy-two (26%) patients received fertility counseling. Seventeen (6%) of the 277 patients decided to preserve their fertility before starting adjuvant systemic therapy. Six (35%) patients underwent oocyte cryopreservation, and 11 (65%) married patients opted for embryo cryopreservation. There were no pregnancies among the patients undergoing oocyte cryopreservation, whereas 3 (27%) of the patients who opted for embryo cryopreservation became pregnant. Two (12%) patients stopped endocrine therapy after 2 years in an effort to become pregnant, but their breast cancers recurred. Though the problem of fertility loss for breast cancer patients is important and we should assess the infertility risk for all patients, we should also consider the prognosis. In June 2016, we launched a prospective multicenter cohort study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fertility preservation in greater detail.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院社会文化科学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1881-1671452018文法論における従属接続詞121137ENXiaomeiLiu10.18926/55779No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院社会文化科学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1881-1671442017運動名詞述語文のモーダルな意味について137156ENLingyiMengThe Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences Okayama University10.18926/55497No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Taylor & FrancisActa Medica Okayama0001-648913752017The impact of chronic rhinosinusitis on long-term survival in lung transplantation recipients529533ENShinKariyaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMitsuhiroOkanoDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTakahiroOtoDepartment of Thoracic Surgery , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTakayaHigakiDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTakenoriHarunaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYoheiNodaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKazunoriNishizakiDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesCONCLUSIONS:
Chronic rhinosinusitis diagnosed according to the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2012, not by computed tomography alone, is one of the prognostic factors affecting long-term survival in patients with lung transplantation. Endoscopic sinus surgery might play a beneficial role in the management of lung transplantation recipients with chronic rhinosinusitis.
OBJECTIVE:
To show the effect of paranasal sinus infection on post-lung transplantation survival.
METHOD:
Lung transplantation recipients were included in this study. Computed tomography was performed before and after lung transplantation. The severity of chronic rhinosinusitis was evaluated by Lund-Mackay scoring system. The survival rate was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method.
RESULTS:
One hundred and forty-eight patients received lung transplantation for various indications. Chronic rhinosinusitis was found in 18.9% (28/148) of the lung transplantation recipients. Of 28 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, seven patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery due to persistent post-nasal drip. The recipients with chronic rhinosinusitis who did not receive endoscopic sinus surgery (n = 21) showed a significantly lower survival rate as compared to the patients without chronic rhinosinusitis. There was no statistically significant difference in the survival rate between the recipients with (n = 50) and without (n = 98) paranasal sinus abnormality on computed tomography.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155812922017高額薬剤と医療財政137139ENJunHamadaDepartment of Health Economics and Policy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Density and Pharmaceutical SciencesNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Lippincott Williams & WilkinsActa Medica Okayama0032105213712016Histologic Evaluation of Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis Outcomes in the Rat Experimental Model: Comparison of Cases with Patency and Obstruction83e91eENSatoshiOnodaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, University of OkayamaYoshihiroKimataDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, University of OkayamaKumikoMatsumotoDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, University of OkayamaKiyoshiYamadaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, University of OkayamaBACKGROUND:
Lymphaticovenular anastomosis plays an important role in the surgical treatment of lymphedema. The outcomes of lymphaticovenular anastomosis are evaluated based on changes in edema; however, isolated assessment of the anastomosis itself is difficult. The authors used an animal experimental model to conduct a detailed examination of histologic changes associated with lymphaticovenular anastomosis and determined the factors important for success.
METHODS:
The experimental lymphaticovenular anastomosis model was created using lumbar lymph ducts and iliolumbar veins of Wistar rats. The authors performed anastomosis under a microscope and reviewed postoperative histologic changes using optical and electron microscopy. In addition, electron microscopy and histology were used for detailed examination of the area in the vicinity of the anastomotic region in cases with patency and obstruction.
RESULTS:
The patency rates immediately after, 1 week after, and 1 month after lymphaticovenular anastomosis were 100 percent (20 of 20), 70 percent (14 of 20), and 65 percent, respectively. A detailed examination of the anastomotic region with electron microscopy revealed that, in cases with patency, there was no notable transformation of the endothelial cells, which formed a smooth layer. In contrast, in obstruction cases, the corresponding region of the endothelium was irregular in structure.
CONCLUSIONS:
Vessel obstruction after lymphaticovenular anastomosis may be associated with irregular arrangement of the endothelial layer, leading to exposure of subendothelial tissues and platelet formation. One part of the postoperative changes after anastomosis and a cause of obstruction were elucidated in this study. The authors' results may enable improvements in lymphaticovenular anastomosis by translating back to real clinical operations.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学経済学会Acta Medica Okayama2433-41464912017カール・カウツキー「近代の民族集団」117137ENYoshikiOta10.18926/OER/55234No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-132372017大学のアクティブラーニング型授業に対応した ユニバーサルデザイン環境に関する一考察137146ENShinHaradaInstitute for education and student services, Okayama UniversityKazunoriEdahiroInstitute for education and student services, Okayama University10.18926/CTED/54939 近年，大学教育の中で演習形式を含むアクティブラーニング型授業が増加している。この授業形態は，多くの学生の主体的・能動的な学修を促進する上で有効である一方，自閉症スペクトラム障がい（ASD）の学生をはじめコミュニケーションを苦手とする学生が授業に参加する上での大きな障壁ともなり得る。本稿では，演習形式の授業への参加に困難を持つであろうASD の学生や，それに準ずるコミュニケーションの苦手な学生への支援を考慮した，大学教育のユニバーサルデザイン環境について，先行文献を概観しながら考察した。その中で，授業外における支援として，シラバス記載の配慮，演習形式を練習する機会の提供，ファシリテーターの養成について述べると共に，授業内における支援として，具体化・明確化，見通しを持たせる配慮，視覚支援，感覚過敏への対応等について述べ，代替課題への置き換えについても言及した。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学経済学会Acta Medica Okayama0386-30694832017アメリカ西北部日本人移民労働運動の先駆者、佐々木勝成に関する新資料133137ENKatsutoshiKurokawa10.18926/OER/54905No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Acta Medica Okayama2016Clinical Characteristics of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteremia: A Regional Report and a Review of a Japanese Case SeriesENHirotakaEbaraNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155812832016岡山大学病院頭頸部がんセンターにおける医科歯科合同手術の現状解析とその意義191196ENNobuyoshiMizukawaDepartments of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center, Okayama University HospitalTomooOnodaDepartments of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center, Okayama University HospitalHiroshiMatsumotoDepartments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center, Okayama University HospitalSeikoTakedaDepartments of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center, Okayama University HospitalYouheiNodaDepartments of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center, Okayama University HospitalSatoshiOnodaDepartments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center, Okayama University HospitalMaiFukushimaDepartments of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center, Okayama University HospitalMunechikaTsumuraDepartments of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center, Okayama University HospitalTetsuoTakeuchiDepartments of Dental Laboratory, Head and Neck Cancer Center, Okayama University HospitalNarushiSugiyamaDepartments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center, Okayama University HospitalYoshihiroKimataDepartments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center, Okayama University Hospital We have been collaborating with head and neck surgeons, plastic surgeons and oral surgeons in surgeries for many patients with head and neck carcinomas（ especially oral carcinomas） since 2006（ fiscal year 2005）. The Head and Neck Cancer Center was established at Okayama University Hospital in 2012.
This Center was the first of its kind at a national university hospital in Japan.
At the Center, 174 operations on head and neck carcinomas and 96 reconstructive operations were performed in 2014（ fiscal year）.
Medical and dental collaborative operations have been increasing almost every year since the 2005 fiscal year. There were 45 collaborative operations in the 2014 fiscal year, which included 30 cases of bone or metal plate reconstruction or plate reinforcement of the jaws.
There were 76 medical and dental collaborative operations in the 7 years before the establishment of the Center, with a mean of 10.9 operations per year. Since the establishment of the Center, there have been 112 cases over 3 years with a mean of 37.3 operations per year. The number of surgeries has been markedly increased by the establishment of the Head and Neck Cancer Center.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Acta Medica Okayama2016Evaluation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 and transcription factors in both primary breast cancer and axillary lymph node metastases as a prognostic factorENMaikoItoNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7022016Autopsy Case of Bilateral Optic Nerve Aplasia with Microphthalmia: Neural Retina Formation Is Required for the Coordinated Development of Ocular Tissues131137ENHideyoOhuchiKaoriTaniguchiSatoruMiyaishiHitomiKonoHirofumiFujitaTetsuyaBandoChiharuFuchizawaYukoOhtaniOsamuOhtaniCase Reports10.18926/AMO/54192Human congenital anomalies provide information that contributes to the understanding of developmental mechanisms. Here we report bilateral optic nerve aplasia (ONA) with microphthalmia in the autopsy of the cadaver of a 70-year-old Japanese female. The gross anatomical inspection of the brain showed a cotton thread-like cord in the presumed location of the optic nerve tract or chiasm. Histologically, no neural retina, optic nerve bundle or retinal central vessels were formed in the eye globe, and the retinal pigment cells formed rosettes. The cornea, iris, and lens were also histologically abnormal. Immunohistochemically, no retinal cells expressed beta III tubulin, and Pax6-immunoreactive cells were present in the ciliary non-pigmented epithelial cells. This case of ONA could be attributed to the agenesis of retinal projection neurons as a sequel to the disruption of neural retina development. The neural retina formation would coordinate the proper development of ocular tissues.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155812812016原発性十二指腸粘液癌の一例― 本邦報告16例の検討―2125ENIkumiHamanoYusukeMatsumotoYoshikatsuEndoNaokiWatanabeKyouheiKaiShizouSatoYojiWani Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the duodenum is rare. Here we report a case we recently encountered, and we review 16 cases reported in Japan. An 82-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of abdominal pain and heartburn. An endoscopic examination revealed a Type 2 tumor in the descending limb of the duodenum, and endoscopically obtained specimens revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. We performed a curative pancreatoduodenectomy with lymph node resection, and the surgical specimen revealed that the duodenum was the primary site of the mucinous adenocarcinoma. The patient is currently alive ＞ 1 year after the operation without any evidence of recurrence. Of the 16 patients reviewed, all patients had advanced tumors those depth were T3-T4. 9 patients had lymph node metastasis and 4 patients had peritoneal dissemination at the time of surgery. Since mucinous adenocarcinoma of the duodenum is often progressive cancer at a diagnosis, which is tend to have a worse prognosis than other histological types.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155812812016Helicobacter pylori 感染診療の現況と展望1319ENHiroyukiOkadaNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155812722015慢性移植片対宿主病に対するタミバロテン（AM80G）の医師主導臨床第Ⅱ相試験133137ENHisakazuNishimoriYoshinobuMaedaNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X6932015Aberrant Expression of Keratin 7 in Hepatocytes as a Predictive Marker of Rapid Progression to Hepatic Failure in Asymptomatic Primary Biliary Cirrhosis137144ENHiroyukiSekiFusaoIkedaShintaroNanbaYukiMoritouYasutoTakeuchiTetsuyaYasunakaHidekiOnishiYasuhiroMiyakeAkinobuTakakiKazuhiroNousoYoshiakiIwasakiMinoruNakamuraKazuhideYamamotoOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/53520A predictive marker of the rapid progression to hepatic failure is desired for patients with asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis (aPBC). We performed a systematic cohort analysis of 101 patients diagnosed as having aPBC and the rapid progression to liver failure in some, by focusing on cholestasis. Cholestasis was assessed by aberrant keratin7 (K-7) expressions in the patientsʼ hepatocytes. Intralobular expressions of K-7 were found in 9 of the 101 patients. The grades of K-7 expression were significantly associated with the levels of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin at the time of diagnosis, but not with bile duct loss or cholestasis. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that high grades of K-7 expression correlated positively with high levels of total bilirubin. During the follow-up period, 8 patients developed jaundice, and the mean period until the development of jaundice was 5.2 years. The proportional hazards models for the risk of developing jaundice identified a high grade of aberrant K-7 expression in hepatocytes as the only significant risk factor. Aberrant K-7 expression in hepatocytes can be used as an additional marker to predict rapid progression to liver failure in patients with aPBC at the time of diagnosis.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Acta Medica Okayama2015Aberrant Expression of Keratin 7 in Hepatocytes as a Predictive Marker of Rapid Progression to Hepatic Failure in Asymptomatic Primary Biliary CirrhosisENHiroyukiSekiNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院社会文化科学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1881-1671392015在日ムスリム留学生の社会生活上の困難137151ENSachikoNakanoYuriOkunishiTomokoTanaka10.18926/53315No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231582015多様な職種を持つメンバーで構成された女声合唱団の合唱指導の試み137148ENMasakoMushiaki10.18926/bgeou/53158 多様な職種を持つＩ女声合唱団の団員に対する意識調査を基に，活動の魅力，技術面や心
身の変化を分析し，さらに仕事への影響についても検討した結果，5 点にまとめることがで
きた。①活動の動機や魅力は，団員各自の合唱への愛好心，団員相互や指導者との信頼関係，
社会的な支援や貢献の共感等である。②柔軟体操や呼吸法は，職場環境から合唱活動への意
識や心身の転換の上で重要であり，ハーモニーやカノン練習は，耳の訓練として効果がある。
③団員各自の合唱技術面の変化では，和声感の向上と発声技術の向上が多く見られた。意識
面では，人間関係や社会生活等に影響を与えている。身体面では，体が楽器になるという感
覚が徐々に理解できるようになった。④仕事への影響については，活動を通して前向きな気
持ちになることが自信を深め，仕事へのモチベーションの向上につながる。⑤主な課題とし
て，団員個人に対しては，発声の改善や練習時間の確保，合唱団に対しては，団員の増員，
合唱団の方向性の検討や練習方法の改善が挙がった。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155812622014薬物相互作用 (30―慢性疼痛治療薬の相互作用）159163ENAtsushiOgawaYoshihisaKitamuraToshiakiSendoNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155812622014直腸腫瘍を契機に発見された無症状の成人右側Bochdalek孔ヘルニアの１例137141ENHiroshiKatoMasahiroOishiMasahitoKoderaMasaoYamamuraHideakiIkedaKenjiMizunoYutakaYamashitaKazunoriSuzuki We encountered a patient with an adult Bochdalek hernia discovered asymptomatically. A 77-year-old Japanese woman visited a local clinic with chief complaints of melena and difficulty in defecation. Based on the results of the detailed examination in our hospital, she was diagnosed with a rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with a concurrent asymptomatic adult right-sided Bochdalek hernia. Because the tumor was large, laparoscopic abdominoperineal rectal amputation was performed after systemic imatinib therapy. During the surgery, we found a right diaphragmatic defect more than 13cm in long dia., through which the right hepatic lobe, colon, and greater omentum had prolapsed into the right thoracic cavity. No visceral adhesions were noted. No hernia sac was observed. Adult Bochdalek hernia is a relatively rare condition, and only three (incidentally discovered) cases of asymptomatic Bochdalek hernia, including the present case, have been reported in Japan. Here we provide a case report for the patient, who was followed-up without hernia surgery, plus a review of the literature.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X6832014General Malaise and Physical Symptoms in Young Women with Untouched Toe137142ENMegumiAkamatsuMikiyaNakatsukaOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/52653Untouched toe is a condition in which a toe does not touch the ground while standing. It is frequently observed in women even under physiological conditions. Deformities or symptoms of the toes are not observed in these women. The clinical significance of untouched toe has not been fully elucidated. Two hundred young healthy women were recruited into the present study after informed consent. We evaluated the prevalence of untouched toe by measuring various indexes of the toe using a foot-sole-measuring equipment. We also conducted a self-administered questionnaire regarding general malaise. Untouched toe was observed in 114 of these 200 women (57.0%). The fifth toe was more frequently affected than the other toes. There were no significant differences in size of foot except the area and proportion touching the ground between women with untouched toe and those without untouched toe. The prevalence of general malaise was significantly higher in women with at least one untouched toe (57.0%) compared with those without untouched toe (43.0%) (p＜0.05). Twelve symptoms―irritability, headache, tired eyes, hazy vision, congested or runny nose, irregular menstruation or menstrual pain, shoulder stiffness, neck stiffness, low back pain, cold hands, swollen feet, and cold feet―were more frequently observed in women with at least one untouched toe compared with those without untouched toes. Untouched toe was associated with various symptoms of general malaise. However, the pathological mechanism by which untouched toe causes these symptoms has not been determined. Further analysis of gait and exercise habits in women with untouched toe is necessary.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Acta Medica Okayama2014General Malaise and Physical Symptoms in Young Women with Untouched ToeENMegumiAkamatsuNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.ElsevierActa Medica Okayama1011-13441372014Quality control of Photosystem II: The molecular basis for the action of FtsH protease and the dynamics of the thylakoid membranes100106ENMihoYoshioka-NishimuraYasusiYamamotoThe reaction center-binding D1 protein of Photosystem II is damaged by excessive light, which leads to photoinhibition of Photosystem II. The damaged D1 protein is removed immediately by specific proteases, and a metalloprotease FtsH located in the thylakoid membranes is involved in the proteolytic process. According to recent studies on the distribution and organization of the protein complexes/supercomplexes in the thylakoid membranes, the grana of higher plant chloroplasts are crowded with Photosystem II complexes and light-harvesting complexes. For the repair of the photodamaged D1 protein, the majority of the active hexameric FtsH proteases should be localized in close proximity to the Photosystem II complexes. The unstacking of the grana may increase the area of the grana margin and facilitate easier access of the FtsH proteases to the damaged D1 protein. These results suggest that the structural changes of the thylakoid membranes by light stress increase the mobility of the membrane proteins and support the quality control of Photosystem II.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155812612014糖尿病の腎臓においてcholecystokininはマクロファージに対する抗炎症作用を介した新規の保護効果を発揮する16ENSatoshiMiyamotoKenichiShikataKyokoMiyasakaShinichiOkadaMotofumiSasakiRyoKoderaDaishoHirotaNobuoKajitaniTetsuharuTakatsukaHitomiKataoka UsuiShingoNishishitaChikageHoriguchi SatoAkihiroFunakoshiHisakazuNishimoriHaruhito AdamUchidaDaisukeOgawaHirofumiMakinoNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学文学部Acta Medica Okayama0285-4864602013ホーフマンスタールとR. シュトラウス（一） ―ヴァーグナーからの影響について―156137ENShinzouMiyake10.18926/okadai-bun-kiyou/52049No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学算数・数学教育学会Acta Medica Okayama1341-3155142007動画や作業を通して具体的な事象と数学を結びつける指導 ―第1学年 比例と反比例―133137ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.大原農業研究所Acta Medica Okayama0029-08746221990カキクダアザミウマの発生消長と発育に及ぼす温度の影響131137ENKenjiUchiyamaKazuoKawadaNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.大原農業研究所Acta Medica Okayama0029-0874161930藺葉蜂の研究（第四報） 藺葉蜂の繭期間に及ぼす温度の影響137164ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Informa HealthcareActa Medica Okayama1071-57624732013Inhibition of arginase ameliorates experimental ulcerative colitis in mice137145ENY.AkazawaM.KuboR.ZhangK.MatsumotoF.YanH.SetiawanH.TakahashiY.FujikuraK.OginoNitric oxide (NO) is produced from the conversion of L-arginine by NO synthase (NOS) and regulates a variety of processes in the gastrointestinal tract. Considering the increased activity of arginase in colitis tissue, it is speculated that arginase could inhibit NO synthesis by competing for the same L-arginine substrate, resulting in the exacerbation of colitis. We examined the role of arginase and its relationship to NO metabolism in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Experimental colitis was induced in mice by administration of 2.5% DSS in drinking water for 8 days. Treatment for arginase inhibition was done by once daily intraperitoneal injection of N-omega-hydroxy-norarginine (nor-NOHA). On day 8, we evaluated clinical parameters (body weight, disease activity index, and colon length), histological features, the activity and expression of arginase, L-arginine content, the expression of NO synthase (NOS), and the concentration of NO end-product (NOx: nitrite + nitrate). Administration of nor-NOHA improved the worsened clinical parameters and histological features in DSS-induced colitis. Treatment with nor-NOHA attenuated the increased activity of arginase, upregulation of arginase. at both mRNA and protein levels, and decreased the content of L-arginine in colonic tissue in the DSS-treated mice. Conversely, despite the decreased expression of NOS2 mRNA, the decreased concentration of NOx in colonic tissues was restored to almost normal levels. The consumption of L-arginine by arginase could lead to decreased production of NO from NOS, contributing to the pathogenesis of the colonic inflammation; thus, arginase inhibition might be effective for improving colitis.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学資源生物科学研究所Acta Medica Okayama0029-08744931962ウロン酸の代謝に関する研究(3) Erwinia aroideaeによるペクチン酸の代謝中間生成物の性質―オゾン酸化と過沃素酸酸化による生成物137143ENK.OkamotoJ.OzawaNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大原農業生物研究所Acta Medica Okayama0029-08744031952水田雜草ヒヱの防除に関する研究 第1報 水稻の深水栽培がノビヱの防除及び稻の生育收量に及ぼす影響（1）137150ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Ohara Instituts für landwirtschaftliche BiologieActa Medica Okayama1931987PROBING BEHAVIOUR OF THE APHID, SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM (RONDANI), RHOPALOSIPHUM MAIDIS (FITCH) AND LONGIUNGUIS SACCHARI (ZEHNTNER) ON RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE SORGHUM PLANTS137144ENMohamad KhanLoharKazuoKawadaNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Verlag des Ōhara InstitutsActa Medica Okayama721935Berichte über die Tätigkeit des Ausschusses für die Samen der warmen Klimate. Zwelte Mitteilung. Vergleichende Untersuchungen der Samen von Gossypium peruvianum, 1934.137145ENMantarōKondōNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.大原奨農會Acta Medica Okayama51923藺草蛇紋病の病原123137ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231512012スポーツ哲学の先駆者たち（２）129137ENMasamiSekine10.18926/bgeou/49024本稿は研究集録147号掲載の「スポーツ哲学の先駆者たち」に続く内容であり，筆者のスポー
ツ哲学に関する研究計画の一部に位置づけられる。本稿も前稿と同様にスポーツを哲学的に
解釈した人物の言説を，H. レンクとの関係を視野に入れつつ論じる。それは，E. ヘリゲル，
H. スラッシャー，P. ワイスである。レンクは「武道」それ自体の分析に関心を寄せていた
訳ではないが，達成概念と禅哲学を比較する点に関心を寄せている。スラッシャーについて
は，スポーツの実存主義的解釈の一面生と曖昧さの点から批判される。ワイスとはスポーツ
を哲学の対象とする事への問題意識を共有していた点が指摘できる。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Acta Medica Okayama0378-77532252013NMR study for electrochemically inserted Na in hard carbon electrode of sodium ion battery137140ENKazumaGotohToruIshikawaSaoriShimadzuNaoakiYabuuchiShinichiKomabaKazuyukiTakedaAtsushiGotoKenzoDeguchiShinobuOhkiKenjiroHashiTadashiShimizuHiroyukiIshidaThe state of sodium inserted in the hard carbon electrode of a sodium ion battery having practical cyclability was investigated using solid state 23Na NMR. The spectra of carbon samples charged (reduced) above 50 mAh g−1 showed clear three components. Two peaks at 9.9 ppm and 5.2 ppm were ascribed to reversible sodium stored between disordered graphene sheets in hard carbon because the shift of the peaks was invariable with changing strength of external magnetic field. One broad signal at about −9 to −16 ppm was assigned to sodium in heterogeneously distributed closed nanopores in hard carbon. Low temperature 23Na static and magic angle spinning NMR spectra didn't split or shift whereas the spectral pattern of 7Li NMR for lithium-inserted hard carbon changes depending on the temperature. This strongly suggests that the exchange of sodium atoms between different sites in hard carbon is slow. These studies show that sodium doesn't form quasi-metallic clusters in closed nanopores of hard carbon although sodium assembles at nanopores while the cell is electrochemically charged.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155812422012ボツリヌスＡ型菌変異株が産生するHA複合体の構造に関する研究137143ENShaoboMaClostridium botulinum produces seven neurotoxin (NTX) serotypes, classified from as A to G. In culture, NTX forms protein complexes by association with non-toxic components, such as nontoxic-nonhemagglutinin (NTNH) and hemagglutinins (HA1, HA2, HA3). C. botulinum serotype A produces three types of toxin complexes, M-toxin (NTX and NTNH), L-toxin (M-toxin and HAs) and LL-toxin (dimer of L-toxin). In this study, I found three HA complexes in the culture of a nontoxigenic mutant serotype A lacking ntx and ntnh expression. The HA complexes displayed similar banding patterns on SDS-PAGE, but the staining intensities of the HA1 and HA2 bands were different. In addition, their native-PAGE banding profiles exhibited different behaviors. The large-molecular-size HA complex showed the highest activity, similar to that of an L-toxin. Based on the combined results of the PAGE and gel-filtration profiles, the differences in molecular size among the three HA complexes were thought to be caused by different numbers of HA1 and HA2 molecules. This paper reports for the first time the purification and characterization of a native HA complex of serotype A, and suggests that the HA can form complex structures without NTX and NTNH. This may help in understanding the toxin complex assembly pathway.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院社会文化科学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1881-1671332012『山槐記』に見られる百塔参りの一考察137148ENHuijuLin10.18926/48298No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155812412012膵リンパ上皮嚢胞の2例5357ENRyosukeHamanoMasaruInagakiYuujiKimuraKentaIsodaKojiKitadaManabuNishieNagahisaNomuraNaoyukiTokunagaKenjiTakahashiHideakiMiyasouYosukeTsunemitsuShinyaOhtsukaKazuyaMiyoshiKazuhideIwakawaMasahikoTakahashiHiromiIwagakiA 35-year-old man was found to have a cystic mass in the pancreatic body on a routine health examination ; high serum CA19-9 was also detected. The enucleated cyst was diagnosed as a lymphoepithelial cyst (LEC). A 74-year-old man found to have a cystic mass in the pancreatic head by computer tomography as well as high serum CA19-9 was suspected of a cystic neoplasm of the pancreas (IPMN), and pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) was performed. Pathologically, the cyst was found to be LEC. It is often difficult to diagnose pancreatic cyst as LEC preoperatively. Care should be taken not to do over-surgery for benign disease LEC.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558374271925特發性血小板減少症(Essentielle Thrombopenie)ニ就テ845850ENT.HasuikeEin 42-jähriger, kräftig gebauter Fischer soll seit etwa einem Jahre ohne nachweisbare Verlanassung Gingivalblutung und Hautpetechien bekommen haben. Bei der Aufnahme war er hochgradig blass und zeigte ziemlich ausgedehnte kleinfleckige Hautund Schleimhautblutung, Ödem an Unterschenkeln, und Zahnfleisch war angeschwollen und leicht blutend. Rote Blutzellen waren dabei 1,46 Millionen, darunter retikulierte Erythrozyten 1,6% (nach Robertson), weisse Blutzellen 3, 600 mit relativer Lymphozytose (49,0%), Hämoglobin (nach Sahli) 31%, Blutplättchen (nach Fonio) 31,900, Blutungszeit (nach Duke)15' und Gerinnungszeit (nach Sahli) 8'.
Etwa 1 Monat lang wurde fast alle mögliche interne Behandlung erfolglos ausgeführt und rote Blutzellen nahmen dazwischen bis 0,57 Mill., Hämoglobin bis 16%, Blutplättchen bis 12,420 (einmal sogar ganz vermisst) ab, und nach Duke blutete es noch nach 137 Minuten fort. Was es Endothelzelle betrifft, konnte ich, abgesehen von einem einzigen Exemplar grosser einkernigen Zelle (vielleicht Endothelzelle) in einem frischen Blutpräparate aus Ohrläppchen, niemals solche Zelle, ja sogar keine Vermehrung von grossen Mononukleären in gefärbten (mit Giemsa- Romanowsky) Ausstrichpräparaten, welche aus Ohrläppchen und Fingerspitzen, sowohl nach Fingerdruck darauf als auch nach Adrenalininjektion, und auch aus Venenpunktata angefertigt wurden, konstatieren. Jedenfalls konnten wir nicht solche deutliche Loslösung von Gefässendothelien bei meinem Fall von essentieller Thrombopenie beweisen, wie einst bei einem Fall von Endocarditis lenta mit hämorrhagischer Diathese nach Bittorf der Fall war.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院社会文化科学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1881-1671322011海外移民の文化変容態度と文化的アイデンティティ研究にみる在日コリアン研究への示唆(1)：二次元モデルと心理学的変数を中心に123137ENJung-huiLeeTomokoTanaka10.18926/47177No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155812332011薬物相互作用（22―オピオイドの薬物相互作用）239241ENRiekoKawashimaHisashiMatsunagaToshiakiSendoNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155840101928癩ノ一診斷法(電氣泳動現象)ニ就テ20672071ENIchiroEharaDie Methode ist dieselbe wie die bei meinem Herpes-Versuche (S. diese Zeitschr. Bd. 40, Nr. 7). Der Kaninchenhoden, der mit der Emulsion des Lepraknotens inokuliert wurde, wurde 4 bis 5 Tage nach der Inokulation entnommen und mit 10 fachem absolutem Alkohol emulgiert. Die Emulsion wird beim Gebrauch mit 25 facher physiologischer Kochsalzlösung verdünnt und dann wird darauf ein Zehntel der Menge von inaktiviertem Krankenserum zugesetzt. Das Verfahren muss nach der Massnahme von Kosaka, Seki und Kumagai vorsichtig vorgenommen werden. (S. diese Zeitschr. Bd. 40 Nr. 1) Die Teilchen des Antigens wandern mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 3, 4μ pro Sekunde nach der Anode. Wenn man dem Antigen das normale Serum oder das Serum anderer Kranken zusetzt, vermindert sich die Geschwindigkeit bis auf 2, 61μ durchschnittlich. Dagegen vermindert das Lepraserum die Geschwindigkeit der Teilchen sehr bedeutend. Eine Geschwindigkeit der Teilchen geringer als 1, 8μ pro Sekunde wird als positive Reaktion bei Lepra betrachtet. Der Durchschnitt dieser Geschwindigkeit war 1, 37μ pro Sekunde. 137 Leprakranke bestätigten diese Resultate. Nur Syphilitiker müssen immer ausgeschlossen werden, denn sie zeigen eine positive Reaktion. Die Reaktion verhält sich in ganz der gleichen Weise bei Lepra tuberosa, maculosa, nervorum und mixta. Auch bei den infolge der Behandlung klinisch sehr verbesserten Fällen war die Reaktion noch positiv.
Das Antigen wurde noch direkt aus der Emulsion des Lepraknotens oder aus dem Kaninchenhoden, der mit Leprablut injiziert wurde, hergestellt. Jedoch war das oben genannte Antigen am besten, und man kann ausserdem auf jene Wiese eine grosse Menge des Antigens auf einmal herstellen.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155812322011小児科領域における難治性疾患137139ENTsuneoMorishimaNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15584011928「カルミン」染色ニ就テ117137ENSukehikoMatsuura1. Bei dieser Färbung spielt Salzsäurealkohol, welcher als Differenzierungsmittel gebraucht wird, keine einfache entfärbende Rolle im Gegensats zur gewöhnlichen regressiven Färbung, wobei das absichtlich überfärbte Präparat im Differenzierungsmittel bis zum Optimum der Färbung entfärbt wird. Im Falle der Lithioncarminfärbung findet die Adsorption des Farbstoffes auf den Schnitt erst dann statt, wenn man den letzteren in Salzsäurealkohol bringt, indem der Farbstoff aus seiner echten Lösung niederzuschlagen anfängt. Der gefällte Farbstoff wird in Salzsäurealkohol wieder aufgelöst und im Verlauf der geeigneten Zeit bringt eine elektive Kernfärbung mit sich. 2. Die Eigenschaft des Carmins ist mehr oder weniger verschieden je nach seiner Sorte, aber es ist im allgemeinen ganz unlöslich oder nur sehr schwerlöslich in Wasser, Alkohol und einer dünnen Säurelösung, während es sich in einer Alkohollösung der stark elektrolytischen metallischen und organischen Säuren relativ leicht und in einer alkalischen wasserigen Lösung wie Ammoniak -oder Lithiumcarbonatlösung sehr leicht auflöst. 3. Das Carmin ist kein Salz der Farbsäure, wie dies beim sauren Anilinfarbstoffe der Fall ist, sondern es stellt einen Aluminiumlack der Carminsäure dar, welcher in dünnen sauren oder alkalischen Lösungen keine chemische Veränderung erfährt. Indessen findet man bei der Carminfärbung manchmal eine Veränderung des Farbtons, was aber wahrscheinlich auf die Tautomerisation zurückzuführen ist. 4. Die Carminsäure gehört zu den Anthracenfarbstoffen, so dass sie als Beizenfarbstoff angesehen werden kann. 5. Bei der Lithioncarminfärbung wirkt Salzsäurealkohol auf die zweifache Weise u. z. erstens als Niederschlags-, zweitens als Auflösungsmittel, was die beste Färbung zur Folge hat. 6. Zum Lithioncarmin wurden verschiedene Reagenzien hinzugefügt, um Niederschlagsvorgänge zu untersuchen. Es stellt sich heraus, dass der Niederschlag erstens auf dem Wege der direkten Neutralisierung des alkalischen Lithioncarmins mit Säuren, zweitens durch das indirekte Neutralisieren der alkalischen Farblösung mit gewissen Salzen wie Chlorcalcium, und drittens durch die Entziehung des Lösungsmittels zustande kommt. Dabei bildet sich der Niederschlag niemals aus Farbsalzen, sondern er ist nichts anderes als Carmin selbst. 7. Solche Lösung, welche auf das Lithioncarmin als Niederschlags- und zugleich als Auflösungsmittel wirken und daher sich zur Differenzierung empfehlen, sind folgende: 1. Salzsäurealkohol, 2. Salpetersäurealkohol, 3. Schhwefelsäurealkohol, 4. Trichloressigsäurealkohol, 5. Sulfosalicylsäurealkohol, 6. Pikriusäurealkohol,
8. Was die Resultate, welche diese Differenzierungsmittel den gefärbten Schnitten geben, anbelangt, so sind sie jedoch keineswegs gleich, und dieser Unterschied beruht hauptsächlich auf dem Dispersitätsgrade des gelösten Carmins im betreffenden Mittel, wie ich die Sache mit dem Colimeter bestimmt habe. Wenn man aber den Niederschlag des Lithioncarmins, welcher durch das lange Stehenlassen der Mischung der überschüssingen Farblösung mit jedem der genannten Differenzierungsmittel entsteht, untersucht, so sieht man, dass der Niederschlag ausnahmslos aus sehr feinen Teilchen besteht, so dass jede Mischung als Suspensoid angesehen werden kann. Angesichts dieser Tatsache glaube ich, dass alle genannte Differenzierungsmittel ein gutes Resultat geben können, wenn man nur ihre Konzentration und die Differenzierungszeit in richtiger Weise bestimmt. 9. Die genannten Differenzierungsmittel wurden so hergestellt, dass sie alle dieselbe Titrationsacidität mit dem Salzsaurealkohol haben konnten. Trotzdem weichen ihre Wirkungen auf das Lithioncarmin mehr oder weniger voneinander ab, wenn man in ihren Mischungen mit der Farbstofflösung den Dispersitätsgrade der Farbstoffteilchen oder die Entstehungsweise des Niederschlages genau beobachtet. Dieser Unterschied ist hauptsachlich darauf zurückzuführen, dass verschiedene Anionen der Säuren dabei eine nicht untergeordenete Rolle spielen. Es unterliegt keinem Zweifel, dass die ausgezeichnete Wirkung des Salzsäurealkohols zum Teil auf dem Vorhandensein der Cl-Ionen beruht. 10. Wenn man einerseits die wässerige, anderseits die alkoholische Saurelösung derselben Konzentration bezuglich ihrer Wirkung auf das Lithioncarmin untersucht, so findet man einen grossen Unterschied zwischen beiden. Der Niederschlag, welcher in der wässerigen Lösung entsteht, ist eine Koagulation im Gegensatz zum Niederschlag in der alkoholischen Lösung, welcher aus sehr feinen Teilchen besteht. Der erstere ist fast ganz unlöslich im Wasser, und seine Teilchen sind schwer adsorbierbar. während die Alkohollösung mit dem letzteren Niederschlag als Suspenscid angesehen werden kann. Daher liegt es auf der Hand, dass nicht die wässerige, sondern die alkoholische Säurelösung als Differenzierungsmittel gilt. 11. Es ist auf Grund der Reagenzglasuntersuchung bewiesen, dass die Lithioncarminfärbung stets als sog. Niederschlagsfärbung zustande kommt. 12. Die. Tatsache, dess bei der Lithioncarminfärbung nur die Kernsubstanz im Gegensatz zum Protoplasma gefärbt zutage tritt, beruht im Grunde genommen auf der chemischen Verschiedenheit beider Bestandteile, welche nach Fixierung eine voneinander abweichende physikalische Beschaffenheit, insbesondere eine verschiedene Dichtigkeit bekommen. Gerade diese physikalische Verschiedenheit gibt bei Differenzierung zur elektiven Kernfärbung Anlass, wobei die chemische Affinitat keine hervorragende Rolle spielt. Daher färbt sich auch das Protoplasma, wenn man eine dünnere Differenzierungslösung braucht, oder wenn die Differenzierungszeit nur zu kurz ist. 13. Was den Vorgang der vitalen Lithioncarminfarbung betrifft, so schliesse ich mich an Schulemann und Möllendorff an, welche die Niederschlagstheorie vertreten. Doch bin ich anderer Meinung über die Ursache der Niederschlagbildung als die beiden Antoren. Das Protoplasma der vital färbbaren Zellen enthält wahrscheinlich viel Ca-Ionen, welche die Niederschlagung des Carmins begunstigen.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15584111929再歸熱「スピロヘータ」ト温度竝ニ明暗ノ關係ニ就テ137152ENIseoMurayamaThe following facts were obtained by experiments about the relation between the inoculated mice or spirochaete recurrens and the temperature, light and darkness: 1) The length of the incubation period varies in accordance with the condition of the inoculated mice with spirochaete recurrens, that is in case it is heated (33-36°C), or refrigerated (6-8°C), or kept in the sunshine, in the darkness and in the room. 2) When heated, the incubation period is shorter than any other case, and when refrigerated, it is the longest of all. The mice being kept in the room or in the dark room, the incubation period is nearly the same. When the mice is exposed in the sunshine, the period seems to be longer than the experiment in the dark room on many occasions. 3) Spirochaete recurrens itself has a certain resisting power to the temperature, darkness and light; namely, its resistance is weak to the high temperature and sunshine but it has the longest life in the room. To the refrigeration its resistance is comparatively strong. 4) In the experiment of the inoculated mice, the increase of spirochaete is comparatively remarkable, in case the mice is heated. On the other hand, the increase is slow when refrigerated. As for me, in the spirochaete recurrens experiment the resistance is weak when heated, and strong when refrigerated. Thus, the result of the inoculated experiment apparently seems to be contrary to the spirochaete recurrens.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X6522011Outbreak of Salmonella Braenderup Infection Originating in Boxed Lunches in Japan in 20086369ENYoshinoriMizoguchiEtsujiSuzukiHiroakiTsuchidaToshihideTsudaEijiYamamotoKatsumiNakaseHiroyukiDoiOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/45264There have been only 2 reports of a large-scale foodborne outbreak arising from Salmonella enterica serotype Braenderup infection worldwide. On August 9, 2008, an outbreak originating in boxed lunches occurred in Okayama, Japan. We conducted a cohort study of 786 people who received boxed lunches from a particular catering company and collected 644 questionnaires (response rate:82%). Cases were defined as those presenting with diarrhea (≧4 times in 24h) or fever (≧38℃) between 12 am on August 8 and 12 am on August 14. We identified 176 cases (women/men:39/137);younger children (aged＜10 years) appeared to more frequently suffer severe symptoms. Three food items were significantly associated with higher risk of illness;tamagotoji (soft egg with mixed vegetables and meat) (relative risk (RR):11.74, 95% confidence interval (CI):2.98-46.24), pork cooked in soy sauce (RR:3.17, 95% CI:1.24-8.10), and vinegared food (RR:4.13, 95% CI:1.60-10.63). Among them, only the RR of tamagotoji was higher when we employed a stricter case definition. Salmonella Braenderup was isolated from 5 of 9 sampled cases and 6 food handlers. It is likely that unpasteurized liquid eggs contaminated by Salmonella Braenderup and used in tamagotoji caused this outbreak.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X6512011Usefulness of Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of an Overdose3339ENYouichiYanagawaKouichirouNishiTomonoriImamuraToshihisaSakamotoOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/43828Computed tomography (CT) is superior for the detection of substances with low radiolucency in comparison with abdominal roentgenograms. In the present study, medical chart review was retrospectively performed for patients who were admitted and underwent plain CT including the stomach on arrival to investigate whether CT is useful for diagnosing overdose (OD). The subjects were divided into patients with OD who did not undergo gastric lavage (OD group) and those without OD (Control group). The presence of a radiopaque area (Hounsfield number over 100 on a range of interest of 3mm2) in the stomach on CT was defined as a positive finding. The average Glasgow Coma Scale in the OD group (n＝11) was significantly lower than that in the Control group (n＝137). Positive findings on CT were found more frequently in the OD group than in the Control group (100 vs. 19.7%, p＜0.0001). Based on the finding of a high-density deposition in the bottom of the stomach, the CT predicted OD with 98.5% specificity. Accordingly, CT findings of a high-density deposition in the stomach of a patient with a diminished consciousness may suggest the presence of a recent overdose.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15586711955骨髓埋沒に関する実験的並に臨床的研究 第2編 骨髓埋沒による実験的貧血の恢復と鉄代謝及び網内系機能との関係137164ENTakuyaOkanoBy inducing anemia in animals by such means as; blood-letting, phenylhydrazin injection, benzol injection, X-ray irradiation, kollargol injection, or anchylostoma; then, by performing Prokg. 0.5g bone marrow transplantation for those animals, obtatined results as follows: 1) The bone marrow transplantation has power to stimulate recovery from anemia; on that time, serum iron quantity proves a decrease, while function of reticuloendothelial system proves either excessive, or in case showing low, has room to be stirred up to recovery. 2) In general, the recovery of serum iron quantity to normal value is apt to be delayed compared to that of anemia 3) In kollargol anemic dog, the quantity of serum iron shows a marked increase. 4) The function of reticuloendothelial system with anchylostoma anemia shows a remarkable excitement, anemia cannot be recovered by sole bone marrow transplantation: it has not been recovered until helmintics has been employed; In case bone marrow transplantation and helmintic use have been performed at the same time, the blood cells keeps on to increase even after the recovery of anemia.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15586911957子宮頸癌放射療法中の骨盤結合織炎並びに腹膜炎の統計的観察（岡山大学産婦人科教室に於ける昭和9年～29年迄の調査成績）137142ENHazimeSugaSiroMitutaniDuring twenty one years from 1934 to 1954, there were 1,974 patients of radiation therapy in the gynecological department of Okayama University. The authors made statistical observations on parametritis and peritonitis which developed during and after radiological treatment. Results obtained were as follows:- Parametritis, 211 cases (10.69%), peritonitis 132 cases (6.69%). The occurrence was higher in the war time (1943 to 1949), and thereafter it has gradually been decreasing in number. The onset started evidently often after the biginning of the radium treatment. It was clear that the patients were frequently observed in cases of advanced cancer, and the occurrence was higher in the patients less than 50 years of age. On the blood count, peritonitis had high incidence in cases of leucocytosis over 8,000 and showed high incidence in cases of high blood sedimentation rate (more than 100 mm an hour), and both had low incidence in the low rate (less than 39 mm an hour). It will be said that better effect is expectable by means of prophylaxis and adequate treatment of those inflammatory conditions using recently advanced antibiotics.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学経済学会Acta Medica Okayama0386-30691231980ケインズ的失業の理論について137170ENKazuhitoIkeo10.18926/OER/42236No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学経済学会Acta Medica Okayama0386-30691221980海軍工廠都市における国庫助成金の成立―呉市の海軍助成金に関する書類をめぐって―137159ENChujiSakamoto10.18926/OER/42229No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学経済学会Acta Medica Okayama0386-30691411982徳山敬猛 『農業子孫養育草』 （文政九年）137179ENHarukiKandatsu10.18926/OER/42150No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学経済学会Acta Medica Okayama0386-30691611984インドの農村工業政策について―農村工業プロジェクト（RIP）計画を中心に―109137ENKazumiMazane10.18926/OER/42086No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学経済学会Acta Medica Okayama0386-30692031988自動車産業の労使関係（II）―B社の事例研究―137161ENMasamiNomura10.18926/OER/41957No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学経済学会Acta Medica Okayama0386-30692411992ゲルハルト・シュミット「近代ザクセン国制史入門」（V）137170ENNobushigeMatsuo10.18926/OER/41805No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学経済学会Acta Medica Okayama0386-30692541994産業と貿易に関する一展開137154ENShosukeTakemura10.18926/OER/41780No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学経済学会Acta Medica Okayama0386-30692731995変動相場制度移行後の三度の金融引締め―外形の素描―137148ENAtsushiIchinose10.18926/OER/41688No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学経済学会Acta Medica Okayama0386-30692831996The Largest Industrials in Canada, 1975-1982137165ENSatoruEnomotoAs was shown in the previous volume, I will show you the largest Canadian industrials from 1975 through 1982 in this volume. Data are based on "the world top 500 largest industrial companies outside the U. S." from Fortune Magazine. In the last part, I will also show you the breakdown of the largest Canadian Industrials from 1957 to 1982.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学経済学会Acta Medica Okayama0386-30692911997[武州葛飾郡上吉羽村] 一件口書写 天保八酉年十二月 儀助控 （二）137158ENHarukiKandatsu10.18926/OER/41590No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学経済学会Acta Medica Okayama0386-30693131999日本花蓮の対アメリカ輸出停滞をめぐって137162ENHarukiKandatsu10.18926/OER/41502No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院社会文化科学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1881-1671302010Public Domainの著作物を利用することのリスク―｢シェーン｣事件とチャップリン事件の比較から分かること―137156ENHirokazuTanaka10.18926/40879No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15581011-21989組織培養による人癌細胞（悪性線維性組織球腫）の放射線に対する感受性―その1―16ENShojiKawasakiAkifumiMizutaNaokoKashitaniMasahiroKurodaYoshioHirakiKanameAonoJiroSatoTetsuroOginoTakashiNakanishiA human cell line (YU-137) isolated from a bone of malignant fibrous histiocytoma in bone was evaluated using immunofluorescent staining methods. Cell cycle fractions were studied by flow cytometry. The magnitude of G(2)+M fraction in a cell cycle of an exponentially growing population of YU-137 was higher than that observed in HeLa S3 cells. The doubling time of YU-137 cells was 3.2 days. The radiosensitivity of this cell line was compared with HeLa S3 and HMV-1 cells from dose response curves against X-irradiation. The parameters of radiosensitivity of YU-137 against X-irradiation were n=2.0, D(0)=1.05 Gy and D(0)=0.73 Gy. From these data, the radiosensitivity of YU-137 was discussed.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学温泉研究所Acta Medica Okayama0369-7142101953関金温泉及び皆生温泉の泉質に就いて1012ENMasaakiMifune10.18926/40404The waters of six springs of Sekigane and one spring of Kaike were analyzed by the author in 1951. All the springs of Sekigane belong to the simple radioactilTe thermals. And Kaike Hot Spring belongs to a calcium chloride containing saline spring, its water temperature being 73,5℃.
The radon content of Sekigane Spring waters ranged from 57 to 137×10(-10) Curie units per liter.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155812222010当院における下部胆管癌手術症例の治療成績189194ENRyosukeHamanoMasaruInagakiManabuNishieNaoyukiTokunagaYosukeTsunemitsuShinyaOhtsukaKazuhideIwakawaHiromiIwagakiHiroshiSonobeWe experienced 20 patients with distal bile duct carcinoma from May, 1997 to December, 2007. The male/female ratio was 11/9 and the average age was 69.6 years. The operative procedures were as follows：pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), 9；pyrolus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD), 8；subtotal stomach preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (SSPPD), 2 and hepatico-jejunostomy without resection, 1. We performed a clinicopathological study on 16 patients with distal bile duct carcinoma, excluding 3 operation-related deaths and 1 unresectable case. The cumulative survival rate was 70% at 3 years and 11% at 5 years. The 3-year survival rates at fStageⅡ, fStageⅣa and fStageⅣb were 100%, 80% and 0%, respectively. Log-rank analysis revealed that pathological pancreatic and duodenal invasion and curative resectability may be prognostic factors, while lymph node metastasis and perineural and stump invasion did not affect prognosis. Six recurrences in the 11 curative resection cases (54.5%) were observed；therefore, postoperative systemic chemotherapy is warranted to curtail recurrence in advanced distal bile duct carcinoma.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155812222010変形性股関節症159162ENKazuoFujiwaraHirosukeEndoYoshiakiMiyakeToshifumiOzakiNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155812222010緒言135137ENKeijiIwatsukiNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155812222010精神腫瘍学概論119124ENYosukeUchitomiNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Acta Medica Okayama137111990Effects of heat-treatments on electrical properties of boron-doped silicon crystals36423647ENY.KamiuraF.HashimotoM.Yoneta<p>The effects of heat-treatments around 1000°Ｃand subsequent annealing on the electrical properties of boron-doped
silicon have been studied by electrical conductivity, Hall effect, and deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements. The
high-temperature heat-treatments always induced net densities of donors. Four recovery stages, stages I-IV, of heat-treatment-
induced donors were observed on isochronal annealing up to 400°Ｃ Conductivity changes in these stages can be explained
as described below by the reactions of interstitial iron (Fei), its pair (Fe1Bs)with substitutional boron (Bs), and two
unknown donors (D1, D2). That is, stage I (25°-100°Ｃ):
D1→sink and Fei + Bs→FeiBs, stage II (100°-150°Ｃ)：
FeiBs→Fei + Bs, stage III (200°-250°Ｃ):D2→sink, stage IV (250°-350°Ｃ)Fei→precipitation. Heat-treatments in an oxygen
atmosphere greatly reduced the introduction of Fei and FeiBs in comparison with an argon atmosphere and mainly introduced
D1 and D2 donors. The density of D2 was dependent on the heat-treatment temperature, while that of D1 showed almost
no dependence. In stage I, D, was annihilated by first-order kinetics with an activation energy of 0.8 eV. It was indicated
that DI and D2 have no relations to iron, copper, oxygen, nor carbon. Though their origins are still unidentified, there
may be some interstitial impurities. In stage IV, Fei is suggested to precipitate at oxygen precipitates and dislocation loops
formed by high-temperature heat-treatments. As to the application to iron gettering in the device fabrication process, it is
proposed that annealing around 300°Ｃ is most suitable as the final heat-treatment step to remove iron and related defects
from active regions of devices.
Silicon wafers receive complex heat-treatments at various.</p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0030-15662421982A certain type of commutative Hopf Galois extensions and their groups137152ENAtsushiNakajima10.18926/mjou/33985No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0030-15662321981Supplements to the previous paper "Some commutativity theorems for rings"137139ENYasuyukiHiranoMotoshiHonganHisaoTominaga10.18926/mjou/33856No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0030-15663711995A Non-immersion Result for Lens Spaces Ln(2m)137151ENBernardJunod10.18926/mjou/33790No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0030-15661621974On some exponential sums involving the divisor function over arithmetical progressions137146ENSaburôUchiyama10.18926/mjou/33763No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0030-15663311991Global dimension and a question of Armendariz133137ENJae KeolParkKlaus W.Roggenkamp10.18926/mjou/33703No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0030-15664111999Nonlinear Semigroups Analytic on Sectors 137147ENGenNakamuraToshitakaMatsumotoShinnosukeOharu10.18926/mjou/33626No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0030-15661521972Another proof of the invariance of Ulm's functions in commutative modular group rings137139ENPaul F.DuboisSudarshan K.Sehgal10.18926/mjou/33519No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0030-15662611984On nil and nilpotent derivations137141ENYasuyukiHiranoHirofumiYamakawa10.18926/mjou/33342No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Acta Medica Okayama4712007The Convective Instability in a Microemulsion Phase-Change-Material Slurry Layer126137ENHideoInabaChuanshanDaiAkihikoHoribe<p>In the present experimental study, the stability of Rayleigh-Benard convection has been investigated in rectangular enclosures filled with microemulsion Phase-Change-Material (PCM) slurry. The PCM slurry exhibited a pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluid behavior. Hysteresis in convection was clearly observed while the PCM were in a solid phase and in phase changing. The critical Rayleigh number decreases with the PCM mass concentration while the PCM is in phase changing. The fluid temperature at the center of the enclosure showed a time-dependent oscillation during the transition from a heat conduction state to a convection state. The maximum Nusselt number has been observed for all of the slurries while the heating plate was controlled at a temperature that most of PCM was in phase changing.</p>
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X6132007Calpain-calcineurin signaling in the pathogenesis of calcium-dependent disorder.123137ENHai-YanWuKazuhitoTomizawaHidekiMatsuiReview10.18926/AMO/32905Intracellular calcium is a powerful secondary messenger that affects a number of calcium sensors, including calpain, a Ca2+-dependent cysteine protease, and calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase. Maintenance of low basal levels of intracellular calcium allows for the tightly regulated physiological activation of these proteins, which is crucial to a wide variety of cellular processes, such as fertilization, proliferation, development, learning, and memory. Deregulation of calpain and calcineurin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several disorders, including hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, cerebral ischemia, and Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies have demonstrated an interplay between calpain and calcineurin, in which calpain can directly regulate calcineurin activity through proteolysis in glutamate-stimulated neurons in culture and in vivo. The calpain-mediated proteolytic cleavage of calcineurin increases phosphatase activity, which promotes caspase-mediated neuronal cell death. Thus, the activation of the calpain-calcineurin pathway could contribute to calcium-dependent disorders, especially those associated with Alzheimer's disease and myocardial hypertrophy. Here, we focus briefly on recent advances in revealing the structural and functional properties of these 2 calcium-activated proteins, as well as on the interplay between the 2, in an effort to understand how calpain-calcineurin signaling may relate to the pathogenesis of calcium- dependent disorders.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X6422010Is There Any Association between TV Viewing and Obesity in Preschool Children in Japan?137142ENAyakoSasakiTakashiYorifujiToshihideIwaseHirokazuKomatsuSoshiTakaoHiroyukiDoiOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/32854<p>Obesity in children is a serious public health problem, and TV viewing is considered a potential risk factor. Since, however, no relevant association studies have been conducted in Japan, we evaluated the association between TV viewing and obesity using a population-based study conducted in a Japanese town. All 616 preschool children in the town were enrolled in February 2008, and a self-administered questionnaire to collect children's and parents' characteristics was sent to the parents. We dichotomized the time spent TV viewing and evaluated associations by logistic regression using a "less than 2h" category as a reference. The questionnaire was collected from 476 participants (77.3%), of whom 449 were available for the final analyses. Among them, 26.9% of preschool children reported 2 or more hours of TV viewing per day and 8.2% were defined as obese. In logistic regression analyses, there was no positive association in unadjusted (odds ratio [OR]1.11, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]:0.50-2.49) or adjusted models for exclusively breastfed status, sleep duration, or maternal factors (OR1.11, 95% CI:0.50-2.51). We also found no positive association between TV viewing and overweight status, possibly owing to the influence of social environment, low statistical power, or misclassification.</p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama2031966Histochemical studies on the red, white and intermediate muscle fibers of some skeletal muscles. Ⅲ. Histochemical demonstration of oxidative enzymes, phosphorylase and glycogen in respiratory muscle fibers137146ENAkiraNishiyamaArticle10.18926/AMO/32748<p>1) Three different types of muscle fibers were clearly distinguished in the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm of human, cat and rat by histochemical demonstration of oxidative enzymes, phosphorylase and glycogen. 2) The intercostal muscles and diaphragm each presented dissimilar patterns of the muscle fibers. The diaphragm did not show any definite correlation between the diameter and the histochemical reaction of muscle fibers but its red
fibers indicated a more intense uptake of Nitro-BT formazan deposits in the subsarcolemmal region. In this conection, the relationship between the motor innervation and histochemical evaluation of the diaphragm was described. 3) Phosphorylase and glycogen showed reciprocal reactions to the oxidative enzyme activity. They were generally high in large fibers but low in small fibers, and moderate in intermediate fibers.</p>
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X2821974Selection and application of factors for forecasting the epidemic time and severity of Japanese encephalitis prevalence125137ENMasanaOgataHirokazuOsakiArticle10.18926/AMO/32700<p>For predicting median date or incidence rate in the
prevalence of japanese encephalitis, the authors considered the 34 factors; namely, the climate, latitude, longitude, and date showing immunological positivity of hemoagglutination inhibiting reaction on 50% the number of swine, etc. To make the mean square residual the smallest which yields, in the case of calculating with the multiple
regression equation, the most important and meritorious factors were selected from the factors mentioned above by the voluntary selection rule devised by us. Multiple regression equations were formulated for them. To predict the median date in the prevalence of japanese encephalitis in whole japan, we found that the three factors, i. e. the
amount of rainfall in April, the average temperature in March and HI positive rate of swine till the end of july, were essential. And for the foreseeing of incidence rate in Okayama Prefecture, factors concerning mosquitoes were added; this resulted in the useful two factors, namely, common logarithm of the total number of Culex tritaeniorhynchus till july 20th and the rainfall in June.</p>
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama2231968Suppression of antibody formation by the res-blockade. Ⅲ. Effects of the res-blockade with methyl palmitate137146ENShinjiOhbuchiArticle10.18926/AMO/32582<p>The rats which received the repeated intra peritoneal or intravenous　injections of methyl palmitate showed a marked depressed phagocytic activity　of the RES as shown by the clearance test with radioactive iron as　well as by histological observations and a significantly suppressed antibody　formation against the challenge by BSA.　Differing from the cases of the blockade of the RES made by PVP or　radiogold, the injection of methyl palmitate did not result in any injurious　effect on the lymph follicles of lymph nodes and spleen and the plasma　cells proliferation as revealed by the histological observation.
Histochemical observations of iron phagocytosis of the RES done by　Perls stain revealed that methyl palmitate　suppressed the phagocytic activity　of the Kupffer cells of the liver dramatically and also suppressed the　phagocytic activity of the sinus-lining cells in spleen to a lesser degree.　The result indicates that the injection of methyl palmitate attacks the phagocytic　function of the RES selectively and induces the reduced immune　response of the organism without giving any damages to the proliferation
of immunologically com petent cells.　The fact suggests that the RES lowered in their phagocytic activity　fails to produce the informational substance for immune　response, showing　a lower level in the antibody formation even in the presence of antigen　and proliferating immunologically competent cells.</p>
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama2321969Zusammenfassung über vasoto-nin in der theorie und praxis und seine anwendung bei venösen und arteriellen durchblutungsstörungen137147ENEndreSzirmaiVolkmarSachsArticle10.18926/AMO/32533<p>Die Autoren berichten uber die guten Behandlungsmoglichkeiten in
der Praxis bei verschiedenen peripheren venosen Durchblutungsstorungen bei Erkrankungen der Bewegungsapparate, bei leichteren Fallen von
arteriellen DurchblutungsstOrungen und bei einigen Fallen von Hirnblutungen mit Vasotonin und Vasotonin-forte und auch in vitro-Blutgerinnungsuntersuchungen. Bei den erwahnten Fallen kann man die therapeutische Wirkung noch
mit Vasotonin-forte-Salbe gut unterstutzen. Die Autoren konnen nachweisen, daB Extr. Arnicae insbesonder in dem Vasotonin-forte die hamodynamische und die blutgerinnungshemmende Wirkung von extr. Aesculi Hippercastani gut verstairkt.</p>
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama1831964Iron metabolism of intestinal mucosa in various blood diseases127137ENIkuroKimuraJunichiroTsuchidaHidenariKodaniArticle10.18926/AMO/32475<p>For the investigation of iron metabolism in the intestinal mucosa in various　blood diseases, intestinal biopsy (duodenum) was performed on 10 healthy controls　and 35 cases with various blood diseases. The following are　the results　of the studies on distribution of stainable　iron, amounts of non-hemin iron in the　biopsied materials, and iron uptake of the intestinal epithelial cells.　1) An evaluation of distribution of stainable iron by Berlin　blue reaction　showed none or very mild degree, if any,　inhealthy controls, an increase in　aplastic anemia,　pernicious anemia, some of leukemias and in iron deficiency
anemia following iron therapy, and a decrease in　idiopathic hypochromic anemia, anchylostomiasis anemia,　anemia with cancer, myxedema, hemolytic anemia,　and in　some of leukemias. Some of anemia with cancer, however,　showed an　increase of a certain degree. In iron absorption tests, no changes were found other than a very mild increase in aplastic anemia. 2) Non-hemin iron was 70-112γ/g in healthy controls, increased in aplastic anemia approximately to 100-200γ/g, ranging 40-130γ/g in leukemia, and decreased in idiopathic hypochromic anemia and in anemia with cancer ranging 30-60γ/g and 30-50γ/g respectively. Amounts of non-hemin iron and serum iron or sideroblasts show a fair correlation. The fractionation of nonhemin iron in aplastic anemia didn't show any difference in relationship of each fraction from healthy controls despite the increased amount in the former. 3) A radioautographic evaluation of iron uptake by intestinal epithelium was performed by our device for evaluation of intestinal absorption capacity. The iron uptake was mild in healthy controls, almost none in aplastic anemia, and marked in iron deficiency anemia where it was decreased approximately to the level of healthy controls following iron therapy. 4) The intestinal tissue iron showed a series of changes similar to those of iron present in the serum or erythroblasts, and the non-hemin iron in the intestinal mucosa is inversely correlated with iron uptake of epithelium and is considered to regulate the absorption according to its amount.</p>
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama1631962Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer in Early Stage — The Clinical Observation of Operated Cases137175ENKiyoshiManoYasushiHitomiAkiraKaraiYasuhiroYabeKazuoKataokaOsamuOnodaIchiroIkegamiSeigenMaekawaMichiyaYamaguchiNobuhiroKatoShuheiHiroseAtsuyoshiYuharaMasanobuImaiShooichiKitaHideoNobutoArticle10.18926/AMO/32376<p>1. An attempt has been made to find the diagnostic criteria for early gastric cancer. It is most important to detect the evidences or suspected features of the malignant growth in incipient stage in order to attain the radical cure by surgical operation. 2. Twelve patients with early gastric cancer (groups A and B) were selected out of 476 patients who had undergone gastrectomy during the past three years in the Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital. The other 6 patients in the "precancerous group" (group C) were also studied, who had abnormal epithelial
proliferation in the resected stomach membrane during the same period. 3. The processes of discovery of early cancer have been described. Fairly precise diagnosis can be made in the mucosal carcinoma, but it is not in the ulcer-carcinoma. It was generally difficult to estimate the degree of the malignancy and the extension of the growth preoperatively. 4. The details of the diagnostic aids are as follows. i. Negative occult blood of stool does not always mean the definite diagnostic aid. ii. The malignant gastric change may occur even in non-anacidity. Further
investigations should be followed up on gastric ulcer patients if malignant alteration is under the consideration. iii. Minor roentgenological findings, such as the absence or irregularity of mucosal folds, rigid and/or overlapped contour, localized absence or decrease of the peristaltic waves and absence or bow-shaped deformity of the angulus, are of important significance. Such changes should be minutely sought for by X-ray film examination. iv. On gastroscopy and gastrocamera photography, such changes as erosion or irregular granular thickening of the membrane with abnormal reddening and edematous appearance, irregularity of ulcer edge, uneven swelling on ulcer margin with reddening and unsharpness of the edge of adherent coat on ulcer floor, must be noted in the early gastric cancer. v. It is not safe to leave a patient having stomach ulceration under a mere conservative management because it is often quite difficult to dissolve the question of malignancy of the lesion with all sorts of examinations. vi. So far as clinical examinations have indicated malignancy, histological examination must be carried out immediately at the time of operation, even when malignant lesion is absent in inspection and palpation on the exposure of the stomach. vii. On the gross observation of the resected stomach, a particular attention must be paid to erosion, depression or atrophy, irregular granular thickening and abnormal reddening on the restricted areas of the mucosal surface.</p>
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X5432000High prevalence of hepatitis C in patients with thalassemia and patients with liver diseases in Myanmar (Burma).137138ENShigeruOkadaKazuhisaTaketaTakatoshiIshikawaTakehikoKojiThanSweNeWinKhin MaungWinRaiMraThein TheinMyintArticle10.18926/AMO/32299<p>We conducted Myanmar-Japan cooperation studies on hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus markers in patients with thalassemias and those with liver diseases. Among the 102 patients with liver diseases, 92% had a history of hepatitis B virus infection (antibody to hepatitis B core antigen positive), 35% were hepatitis B surface antigen positive, 39% were positive for anti-HCV. Among 28 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 46% had hepatitis B surface antigen, 21.4% had antibody to hepatitis C virus, and 7% were positive for both hepatitis B surface antigen and anti hepatitis C virus. The history of HCV infection among blood recipients at the Haematology Department of the Yangon General Hospital and at the Yangon Children's Hospital was found to be 55.5% and 46.7%, respectively, which is comparable to the history of hepatitis B infection (66.7% and 46.7%, respectively). This preliminary survey also encountered 2 cases positive for anti-HCV among 34 voluntary blood donors. This survey is the first one to report that hepatitis C is at the epidemic stage in Myanmar. As there is no effective treatment for hepatitis C in this country, a screening program for blood used in transfusion should be started immediately.</p>
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X3321979Syncytia formation of human transformed cell lines by simian sarcoma virus type I (SSV-I/SSAV-I).137140ENMunehikoOchoHajimeOguraTerukazuTanakaTakuzoOdaBrief Note10.18926/AMO/32057<p>Human cells derived from malignant tumors (HeLa, HEp-2 and KB) and human cells transformed by tumor viruses (KCand RSb) formed syncytia by simian sarcoma virus type I (SSV-I/SSAV-I), but human diploid or non-transformed cells (WI-38, HEL and HEC) did not.</p>
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X6332009Infusion of Hypertonic Saline into the Lung Parenchyma during Radiofrequency Ablation of the Lungs with Multitined Expandable Electrodes:Results Using a Porcine Model137144ENTatsuhikoIishiTakaoHirakiHidefumiMimuraHideoGobaraTaichiKuroseHiroyasuFujiwaraJunSakuraiHiroyukiYanaiTadashiYoshinoSusumuKanazawaOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/31848<p>The present study was performed to clarify the effect of hypertonic saline infusion into the lung parenchyma on radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the lungs. A total of 20 ablation zones were created in 3 pigs. The ablation zones were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n6) consisted of ablation zones created by applying smaller radiofrequency (RF) power without saline infusion;group 2 (n5) zones were created by applying greater RF power without saline infusion;and group 3 (n9) zones were created by applying greater RF power with saline infusion. The techniques of saline infusion included administration of hypertonic saline 1ml before RFA, followed by continuous administration at a rate of 1ml/min during the first 2min after the initiation of RFA. The ablation parameters and coagulation necrosis volumes were compared among the groups. Group 3 had a tendency toward smaller mean impedance than group 1 (p0.059) and group 2 (p0.053). Group 3 showed significantly longer RF application time than group 2 (p0.004) and significantly greater maximum RF power than group 1 (p0.001) and group 2 (p0.004). Group 3 showed significantly larger coagulation necrosis volume (mean, 1,421mm3) than group 2 (mean, 858mm3, p0.039) and had a tendency toward larger necrosis volume than group 1 (mean, 878mm3, p0.077). Although this small study had limited statistical power, hypertonic saline infusion during RFA appeared to enlarge coagulation necrosis of the lung parenchyma.</p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Medizinische Universitat OkayamaActa Medica Okayama721943Veranderungen der Zellen im subkutanen Bindegewebe der Maus bei der Injektion von Arzneimitteln. : IV. Injektion von Sulfonamidpaparaten.133137ENYosiakiMiiArticle10.18926/AMO/31787<p>Die ortliche Reizung durch die subkutan injizierten sulfonamid-praparate ist uberhaupt viel schwacher als diejenigen der Vaccine. Ihre Wirkung ist vor allem durch eine Vermehrung der Histiozyten im Subkutangewebe nicht nur am Injektionsort, sondern auch an der anderen Korperseite charakterisiert. Die Histiozyten entstehen hauptsachlich aus den ortsansassigen Fibrozyten. Es steht aber noch dahin, inwieweit die so vermehrten Histiozyten zur Heilung der Streptokokkensepsis u. a. beitragen konnen.</p>
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X4721993Occlusion of a postoperative rectoabdominocutaneous fistula with fibrin clot: a case report.135137ENHiromiIwagakiAkioHizutaMasashiNezuYasuyukiNonakaToshikazuKimuraMasahitoMarutakaMuneakiKurodaNoriakiTanakaKunzoOritaArticle10.18926/AMO/31569<p>A 56 year-old rectal cancer patient who developed a chronic rectoabdominocutaneous fistula postoperatively was treated with fibrin clot, and the fistula healed completely. Occlusion of chronic postoperative fistulas with fibrin clot appears to be a useful technique.</p>
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X5231998Experimental study of partial liquid ventilation in the setting of acute respiratory failure induced by sea water lung lavage in rabbits.131137ENShigekiSawadaShingoIchibaHidekiItanoKazuhikoShogaNobuyoshiShimizuArticle10.18926/AMO/31327<p>To study the effect of partial liquid ventilation (PLV) with perfluorocarbon on acute respiratory failure, 3 groups of 17 rabbits were examined to compare. After acute respiratory failure was induced by lung lavage with sea water in 12 of the 17 rabbits, 7 of the 12 rabbits were treated with conventional mechanical ventilation (AC group) and 5 of the 12 rabbits were treated with PLV using perfluorocarbon (AP group). The remaining 5 normal rabbits without acute respiratory failure were treated with PLV with perfluorocarbon as a control group (PL group). In the PL group, PaO2, PaCO2, blood pH, pulmonary compliance or pathological findings were not so changed after PLV. In the AC and AP groups, PaCO2 significantly increased, and in contrast, PaO2 and pulmonary compliance significantly decreased after lung lavage. However, these findings improved to almost the same levels as those of a control group within 2 h after the PLV treatment in the AP group, but in the AC group, these gradually deteriorated over time. As for the pathological findings, pulmonary vascular congestion, alveolar hemorrhage and inflammatory infiltration were observed in the AC group. However, these findings were not observed in the specimens of the AP group. From these results, PLV with perfluorocarbon was shown to be useful to improve gas exchange and pulmonary functions without major side effects.</p>
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X3521981Abnormalities of chromosome no. 1 related to blood dyscrasias: study of 10 cases.137141ENKanjiMiyamotoKazuhideHamasakiKoichiKitajimaTomiroAdachiToshioTanakaJiroSatoArticle10.18926/AMO/31265<p>Partial excess of chromosome 1 (q25-q32) was noted in malignant cells from all of 10 patients who had disorders such as non-African Burkitt's lymphoma, adult T-cell leukemia, myelofibrosis, malignant lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia or chronic myelocytic leukemia in blast crisis. The break points on chromosome 1 were at centromere, q12, q21, q23, q25 and q32. Variations in the specific region of the long arm of chromosome 1, q25-q32, were thought to be important in the evolution of malignant cell proliferation.</p>
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama1321959Some clinical aspects of rheumatoid arthritis137168ENToshioKodamaArticle10.18926/AMO/31224<p>In our department we have been placing a special emphasis on the treatment and study of rheumatoid arthritis, and during the last four years we have handled about 1,600 cases visiting our outpatient clinic and approximately 100 hospitalized cases. Our experiences with these patients are only what might be called an introductory phase in the study and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis when compared with those in Europe
and America. In estimating the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in Japan from various available data, although it would not reach the level of England and U.S.A., it will be about 100 cases per 100,000 population, matching
more or less the incidence in the northern Europe. As regards sex and the predisposing age we find no great difference from those in Europe and America. One striking difference that we find is the fact that patients in our
country have very little resistance against salicylic acid drug used in treatment. Therefore, it is unreasonable to expect a good anti-inflammatory action by administering a large dosage of 5-10g of such a drug as aspirin per day. It must be limited within a comparatively small dosage of 1.0 to 2.0 g or with concomitant administration of prednisolone and aspirin in the hope of utilizing its analgesic effect. Furthermore, it is not feasible to introduce the results of studies made in Europe and America on the salicylic drug and its prescription all of them showing the concentration in blood 35 mg%, which is on the borderline of intoxicating dosage. This is only one example, and with some more experiences we shall undoubtedly encounter many dissimilar points. Therefore, it is essential that rheumatology specific to Japan needs to be established.</p>
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X4831994Changes in Plasma Concentrations of Vitronectin in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy137142ENShigeruMoriokaHirofumiMakinoKenichiShikataZensukeOtaArticle10.18926/AMO/31126<p>To investigate the role of vitronectin in the progression of diabetic nephropathy, plasma concentrations of vitronectin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with diabetes mellitus and compared with normal control subjects. In diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria, plasma concentrations of vitronectin were significantly higher than those of control subjects. Plasma concentrations of vitronectin in diabetic patients with chronic renal failure were significantly lower than those with normal renal function. There was a significant positive correlation between plasma concentration of vitronectin and blood platelet counts. In the early stage of diabetic nephropathy, vitronectin may be increased caused by synthesis from activated platelets. With progression of diabetic nephropathy, plasma vitronectin may be decreased because of accumulation in sclerotic glomeruli and arteriosclerotic lesions. In conclusion, the plasma concentration of vitronectin appears to be an important marker for the progression of diabetic nephropathy.</p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X3221978Studies on N, N'-dimethylnitrosourea-induced brain tumors in rats--especially, on microtumors.119137ENHitoshiJinnaiArticle10.18926/AMO/31061<p>The incidences, distribution and histopathological findings of N, N'-dimethylnitrosourea (DMNU)-induced brain microtumors in Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Subcutaneous injections of DMNU in young adult rats one a week resulted in the induction of 122 gliomas in 38 animals with an incidence of 69% after a time lapse of between 157 and 246 days from the first injection. Of these tumors, 66 were classified as microtumors (diameter less than about 1 mm) by detailed light microscopy observation of serial sections. The microtumors were of 3 types: 55 oligodendrogliomas, 8 astrocytomas and 3 mixed gliomas. As the tumors became larger in size, anaplasia appeared, especially in the central part of the tumors. The microtumors developed randomly throughout the brain. It was concluded that, in adult rat brains, the target cells of DMNU were well differentiated glial cells which had already migrated from the matrix layer.</p>
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X4231988Defective killer cell activity in patients with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection.137142ENHiroshiWakiguchiMikiyaFujiedaKenjiMatsumotoYujiOharaAkikoWakiguchiTakanobuKurashigeArticle10.18926/AMO/31028<p>Natural killer (NK) cell activity, lymphokine activated killer (LAK) activity and Epstein-Barr virus specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (EBV-CTL) activity were examined in 10 children with chronic active EB-virus infection and an adult with persistently positive early antigen-antibody to EB-virus. NK cell activity against erythroleukemia cell line K-562 was significantly (p less than 0.005) lower in the patients (22.3 +/- 8.5%, mean +/- SD) than in normal controls (40.4 +/- 15.9%). Spontaneous cytotoxicity against an EB-virus transformed autologous lymphoblastoid cell line was 15.0 +/- 7.6% in the patients, and was comparable to spontaneous cytotoxicity activity in normal controls (11.7 +/- 4.3%). LAK activity against Raji cells was significantly (p less than 0.02) lower in the patients (14.6 +/- 11.4%) than in normal controls (29.2 +/- 15.9%). EBV-CTL activity against an EB-virus transformed autologous lymphoblastoid cell line was significantly (p less than 0.005) lower in the patients (11.8 +/- 5.5%) than in seropositive normal controls (33.7 +/- 14.7%). No regression of the lymphoblastoid cell line was observed when EBV-CTL activity of the patients was tested by regression assay. It is conceivable that defects in both EB-virus specific and nonspecific killer cell activities play important roles in the pathogenetic abnormalities which allow EB-virus infection to progress to a chronic active state.</p>
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.