検索

Marked IgE-mediated histamine release from rat mast cells sensitized in vitro with mouse antiserum occurs in the presence of added Ca++ and phosphatidylserine (PS), although a considerable degree of antigen-induced histamine release which may utilize intracellular or cell-bound calcium is also observed. The decay in the responsiveness to Ca++ of the sensitized cells stimulated by antigen in Ca++-free medium in the presence of PS is relatively slow, and maximum release is produced by Ca++ added 1 min after antigen. Histamine release also occurs when Ca++ is added after PS in the absence of antigen to the sensitized cells suspended in Ca++-free medium. Unlike the antigen-induced release, the intensity of this non-antigen-induced release varies depending on both mast-cell and antiserum pools. A heat-labile factor(s), which is different from antigen-specific IgE antibody and is also contained in normal mouse serum, is involved in this reaction. In the antigen-nondependent (PS + Ca++)-induced release, no decay in the responsiveness to Ca++ is observed after PS addition. Both the antigen-induced and non-antigen-induced release are completed fairly rapidly and are dependent of temperature, pH and energy.

Chromosome analysis was performed on cells from a patient of null cell lymphoma, well-differentiated type. A 14q12 translocation was observed in all the banded cells. In addition, there were multiple chromosome abnormalities. This case will be useful in considering the significance of the 14q1(1-3) translocation in malignant lymphoma disease.

Some critical experiments have been carried out on the microspectrophotometry using the lymphocytes of a mouse, stained with Feulgen reaction, revealing that most reliable value can be attained by illuminating the material with a small spot-light and integrating the area surrounded by the extinction curve drawn by tracing along the diameter of the smeared and fixed cell.

Der Verfasser macht die HARTERT sche Thrombelastographie bekannt; das Verfahren ist noch nicht in Ungarn und vielen anderen Laendern im Gebrauch. Auf Grunde seine Untersuchungen geht er auf die detaillierte Auswertung des Thrombelastograme ein und referiert ueber die Anwendung und Brauchbarkeit der Thrombelastographes und gibt im Tabelle 1. den Angaben verschiedenen Patienten bekannt.

After grinding the tubercle bacilli cells, both human virulent strain, H37Rv, and avirulent strain, H37Ra, cultured in 5auton's medium, and obtaining three fractions of R1, S1 and R2 (R1, the first sediment; S1, the second supernatant; and R2, the second sediment) by the ultracentrifugation, the authors studied the enzymatic activities and the antigenic capacity against infection of these fractions; and obtained the following results: 1) Although the R1-fraction confers the defensive forte to mice in some degree, because of the presence of living bacilli in the fraction, it is difficult to decide definitely whether the defensive force owes its capability to this fraction or to living bacilli at the present stage of our experiment. 2) The S1-fraction possesses enzymatic activity on various substrates, but it does not confer animal any defensive force against infection. 3) The R2-fraction specifically oxidizes lactate and succinate" and it can markedly impart animal the defensive ability against infection.

1. Histochemical and cytochemical studies with respect to the sites of reaction were made on the succinic dehydrogenase system activity of human and animal tissues using ditetrazolium salts, namely, neotetrazolium chloride, nitro-neotetrazolium chloride, and nitra-blue tetrazolium chloride. 2. The advantages and disadvantages of each ditetrazolium salt for histochemical and cytochemical purposes and the reaction taking place in frozen tissue sections and that in fresh tissue blocks were compared, and the method of procedure suitable for each condition was established with some modification. 3. Selecting conditions suitable for cytochemical purpose, it was shown that the reaction took place at the sites coinciding with mitochondria, and the distribution of the enzyme reaction was also examined. In addition, several new findings in the brains and other tissues cytochemically made clear were pointed out.

The present paper describes each pattern of the free amino acids in different parts of the dog brain determined by ion-exchange chromatography. The parts examined have been the cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, cerebellar hemisphere, cerebellar vermis, caudate nucleus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and medulla oblongata. Gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration was the highest in the hypothalamus. Glutamic acid showed lower values in the white matter, hypothalamus, and medulla oblongata. Aspartic acid showed lower values in the white matter and caudate nucleus and higher values in the medulla oblongata. Glutathione and cystathionine showed higher values in the thalamus. N-Acetylaspartic acid showed lower values in the white matter and medulla oblongata. Glycine and alanine showed higher values in the medulla oblongata.

By physically destroying typhoid bacilli and centrifuging at a high speed, an insoluble granular fraction (P1) and soluble fraction (S1) were obtained. Chemical and enzymologic properties of these substances as well as their influences on the protective ability against infection were studied; and the following results were attained: 1. P1 contains an extremely small amount of proteins when compared with S1. 2. The enzymologic activity of P1 is entirely different from that of S1. In P1 the respiratory enzyme system of only lactate and succinate is localized. 3. Although both P1 and S1 possess the antibody-producing ability in serum of rabbit to the same high degree, P1 imparts to mice a markedly high protective ability against infection. 4. By the heat-treatment of P1 its antigenicity is lost at the same time.

From these results it is but natural to assume that the antigen-antibody reaction is involved in the phenomenon, eosinophilia. The antigen in this instance is the filtrate of hookworm emulsion, and the serum of hookworm disease as well as the bone marrow can be thought to contain the antibody. In any case, so long as the medium contains the serum or bone marrow or both of them obtained from the patient of hookworm disease, eosinophilia and the acceleration in the motility of eosinophils are brought about in the growth zone by addition of the filtrate of hookworm emulsion. Therfore, as for the mechanism inducing hookworm eosinophilia, it may by interpreted that the patient of hookworm disese is repeatedly sensitized by the antigen arising all probability from the metabolic products of hookworms or from the dead bodies of the worms; and producing the antibody in tissues and blood, thus the antigen-antibody reaction is elicited in vivo as long as hookworms live in the human body so that the increase in the mitosis and the acceration in the motility of eosinophils in the bone marrow are brought about with the resultant continuous discharge of a large quantity of eosinophils from the bone marrow parenchma into the sinusoids, there by inducing eosinophilia in the peripheral blood.

Of eosinophilias that we often encounter clinically, we selected two of the most representative ones, namely, hookworm diseae and bronchial astma, for our present sternal bone-marrow tissue culture, and studied the movement patterns and wandering capacity of eosinophils. As the results, even in those eosinophils that show no significant change other than the increase in number in ordinary stained-smear specimens of peripheral blood or bone marrow, it has been clarified that, when observed under living condition, they reveal a picture specific to individualistic behaviors according to diseases. Therefore, it can be assumed that in the pathologic condition what is known as eosinopilia not only eosinophils increase in number but also qualitative changes of eosinophlils specific to each disease are brought about, and consequently these specific changes are reflected on the movement patterns of the eosinophil.

1. With a view to grasp more simply and clearly the characteristics of this disease and in order to find a clue for prompt discovery of cases when encountered in future, the authors undertook a statistical study of the cases already reported by various authors. 2. The cases reported so far amount to 17 familial groups which consisted of 38 acatalasemic cases. These groups were distributed widely throughout Japan. The disease seemed to be prevalent in the rural communities where adherence to the custom of consanguineous marriage occurs. As yet, we have not heard of the occurrence of this disease in other countries. 3. The disease has equal distribution in both sexes. About one half of patients showed a peculiar oral gangrene (Takahara's disease). The great majority of these were noted in those less than 10 years of age. 4. The great majority of them were children whose parents were united in consanguineous marriage and have siblings with acatalasemia. 5. As for the treatment of oral lesions in this disease, extraction of tooth at the site of the lesions, removal of the diseased tissues en masse by resection, and penicillin treatment given concomitantly are effective. The course and the length of time required in healing of the wound due to the operation are about the same as in the case of normal persons. 6. The authors wish to call special attention to the phenomenon peculiar to the acatalasemic blood. The blood of acatalasemic individuals changes to brownish-black color in the absence of foaming or bubble formation upon the application of hydrogen peroxide to blood.

1. Methods of retrograde coronary perfusion and direct coronary artery perfusion in combination with a bubble oxygenator were investigated in dogs. 2. Ventricular fibrillation occurred more frequently during the operation in hypothermia than in the operation performed in combination with the extracorporeal circulation. 3. The optimal pressure of perfusion is considered to be 30 to 35 mm Hg in retroperfusion, whereas, 100 mm Hg in direct coronary artery perfusion. 4. Perfusion by the pressure bottle method is preferable to the gravity method because the fall of blood temperature in the irrigation tubing might cause ventricular fibrillation. 5. From the metabolic study of the methods is clear that there is a tendency to myocardial anoxia after 15 to 20 minutes of perfusion in both methods.

An improved chromatographic method for the analysis of sugar phosphates and nucleotides presented in the previous paper was applied on the analysis of the metabolites of fructose produced by the action of hexokinase in some tissues in vitro, and the excellency of this method was demonstrated. The results showed that by this method the metabolites of the sugar in its early stage of catabolism can be analysed very easy and exactly and estimated quantitatively as well, giving no inconsistency with the results presented by the routine method.

In Japan, laryngofissure technique applied for the larynx cancer made its debut comparatively late, as compared with that in Europe and America. Namely, the laryngofissure was first used in the treatment of larynx cancer in 1931 by Prof. F. Tanaka and that was the first time this technique had ever been used in Japan, as far as in author's knowledge. This author had a good fortune to witness that first operation as his assistant.

In our study on the influences of various hormones and various endocrines on the megakaryocyte function by means of bone-marrow tissue culture, we obtained the following. 1. In the repeated administration of ACTH, cortisone, testosterone, progesterone, or thyroxin to guinea pigs, these hormones accelerated the megakaryocyte function, whereas estradiol on the contrary diminished the function. 2. The removal of such endocrines as the pituitary, adrenal, thyroid or testicles will diminish the megakaryocyte function, while removal of the ovaries accelerates it. 3. For the megakaryocytes in the hypophysectomized rats, ACTH acts most effectively to restore their function, followed by cortisone and pulverized thyroid, while testosterone has hardly any effect on the function. 4. ACTH, cortisone, prednisolone, testosterone, progesterone, and pulverized thyroid act directly on megakaryocytes so as to accelerate their function, while estradiol diminishes the megakaryocyte function. 5. For the megakaryocytes in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ACTH is most effective in restoring the function; for the megakaryocytes in hypoplastic anemia cortisone is most effective; and for the megakaryocytes in Banti's disease prednisolone is most effective in restoring the megakaryocyte function.

Experiment on the animals proved that in the case of the death by drowning planktons always immigrate into the bone marrow and some kinds of them can be detected in the bone marrow even after a long period of time, suggesting that the detection of these planktons in the bone marrow of the dead person will give the important clue for the determination of the cause of death by drowning. Actually applying this method in a decayed corpse, we could successfully show the cause of death is due to drowning in which the cause of death was long argued in the court.

Using the erythroid cells of Rana nigromaculata the hemoglobin synthesis has been studied in the relation of DNA and RNA contents. Results showed that the hemoglobin synthesis starts in the early stage of erythroblast but becomes marked just before the complete maturation. RNA contents drops markedly in the later stage of maturation. Measurement of DNA contents by Feulgen reaction suggested the termination of the mitosis just before the prematuration. From these results the author concludes that the RNA which will act as the template for the globin synthesis, develops from the early stage of erythroblast but the templation is accelerated in the terminal stage of maturation and the marked acceleration in hemoglobin synthesis in this stage.

1. Retrograde coronary perfusion in combination with selective brain cooling by irrigation was investigated in dogs, in comparison with direct coronary artery perfusion. 2. High incidence of ventricular fibrillation was seen in both methods in hypothermic state. Operation at the normal temperature using extracorporeal circulation is desirable, 3. In view of the above results optimal perfusion pressure appears 30 mm Hg. in retroperfusion, while 100 mm Hg. in direct coronary artery perfusion. 4. The right ventricle anoxia is an undesirable feature in retroperfusion, while the left ventricle showed a tendency to slight anoxia in both methods.

The clinical manifestations, roentgenologic studies, and histopathologic findings of the central nervous system of rats with induced lathyrism were described. The question of whether the experimental lathyrism is due to a primary central nervous system involvement or is entirely secondary to bony abnormality is not conclusively answered by this study. However, the evidence of diffuse widespread vacuolization which is more marked in the cord, medulla, and cerebellum than in the hemisphere, strongly suggests the former etiology.