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Auf Grund von unserem bisherigen Untersuchungen konnen wir sagen, daB die Gewurze in villa und in vitro am meisten eine Gerinnungsfordemde Wirkung haben.

The biological specificity of GABOB on the blood pressure, respiration and body temperature was observed in dogs. The results show that GABOB has the similar action as GABA on the lowering of blood pressure as shown by subcutaneous, intravenous or intrathecal injection, but loses its action on the respiration. The specificity of GABOB action on the blood pressure is seen in the initiation of the effect at which the transient rise in pressure can be seen, the like of which can never be seen in the case of GABA injection. The lowering mechanism of GABOB on blood pressure should be the central one as the intrathecal injection is most effective comparing with those of intravenous and subcutaneous injection.

Die Ribonukleinase allein ubt keinen charakteristischen oder wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Thrombininaktivation in Inkubationsmischung (0.4 ml Serums, 0.1 ml der Ribonukleinaselasung von den Konzentration 0. 025 mg/ml, 0.1 ml des destillierten Wassers und 0.4 ml der Thrombinlosung) aus. Heparin aber vergrossert die Thrombinaktivation in der ahnlichen Inkubationsmischung (0.4 ml von Serum, 0.1 ml Heparinlosung in der konzentration ungefahr 0.005 mg/ml, 0.1 ml des destillierten Wassers und 0.4 ml der Thrombinlosung. Wenn in der letzten Inkubationsmischung statt das dsatillierten Wasser die selbe Menge) 0.1 mg der (Ribonukleinaselasung) 0.025 mg/ml (gegeben wird, kann man feststellen, dass die Ribonukleinase die spezifische, Antithrombin-und Anti-koagulationswirkung des Heparins ausdriicklich vermindert. Die Thrombininaktivation wurde in Gegenwart des Bodens-des 7.5/200.0 wasserigen Trockenplasmalosung, untersucht. Man veretzte 0.1 ml des Bodens mit 0.1 ml der Inkubationsmischung. Die Thrombinlosung hatte bestimmte Aktivitat) 0.1 ml davon brachte in 10 Sek. 0.1 ml des Bodens in Gerinnung) Insgesamt wurden 34 dar Thrombinaktivatiosuntersuchungen gemacht, davon 7 Kontrollen, 7-mit Ribonukleinase, 10-mit Heparin und 10-mit Ribonukleinase+Heparin. Die Resultate (Tab. II, Abb. 1) zeugen, dass die Ribonukleinase in vitro die spezifische Antithrombin (II)-Wirkung des Heparins hemmt. Wahrscheinlich modifiziert sie auch weitere biologische Eigenschaften des Heparins. Die Resultate eigener Untersuchungen und die LiteraturangaPen liber den Heparineinfluss auf die Nukleinasen sprechen flir eine gegenseitige, charakteristische Reaktionen zwischen Nukleinasen und Heparin. Diese Interaktionen beider Gewebe- und Blutsubstanzen kann eine grosse Bedeutung fiulr vie1e Lebensvorgange haben.

Die Verfasser untersuchten die Gerinnugszeit in der Reaktion: 0.4 ml des Zitratplasmas, 0.2 ml des Magen- oder Duodenalsalsaftesfiltrates und 0.4 ml 0,025 M CaCl2-Losung. Als Kontrolle diente ahnliche Reaktion, in welcher man anstatt 0,2 ml des Saftes die selbe Menge der phY,siologischen Kochsalziosung verwendete. Es wurde insgesamt 134 Fraktionen von den 30 Magensonden (Tab 1. und 3) untersucht und kein Einfluss der Fraktionenreihenfolge und anderer Faktoren, sondern solcher der Fraktionenreaktion, festestelIt. Die alkalische Fraktionen verkiizen (in 35/46 Bestimmungen), die azide verlangern (in 59/88 Uutersuchungen) die Rekalcifikationszeit. Die schwach alkalische oder sehr schwach (0∼20°) und schwach (20∼40°) azide Fraktionen verkiirzen oder leicht verlangern die Rekalcifikationszeit des Zitratplasmas. Desto hoher die Aciditat desto grosser die Gerinnungszeitverlangerung. Zwischen den Magensonden konnte man einige Type laut ihrem Einflusse auf die Gerinnung unterscheiden. In allen 20 Bestimmungen der Duodenalsaft verkiirzte deutlich die Rekalcifikationszeit (Tab. 2). Die Resultate von den Uutersuchungen erlauben die Behauptung dass der Duodenalsaft und der alkaliche Magensaft eine beschleunigende Wirkung aufdie Gerinnung des im Bereiche bes Magens oder Duodenums ausgossenem Blutes haben und dass der azide Magensaft eine hemmende Wirkung auf die Blutgerinnung ausiibt. Diese hemmende Wirkung ist desto mehr ausgepragt, desto hoher die Aziditat des Magenseftes. Die Resulate von Bestimmungen konnen auch manche therapie-trotzende und rezidivierende gefahrliche Mageblutungen in ihrer Atiopathogenese erkaren. Diese Resultate fiihren zur Behauptung, class alle Methoden, welche zur Erniedrigung cler Saftessekretion und -Aziditat beitragen, auch eine giinstige RolIe bei ber Prophylaxie und Therapie der drohenclen oder bereits vorkommenden durch Ulkuskrankheit und andere Erkrankungen verursachten Magen-und Darmblutungen spielen konnen.

For the purpose to reveal the metabolic pathway of GABOB the analyses were performed with the GABOB containing fluid perfused through the liver and the brain of rabbits, and the following results were obtained. Qualitative observations by paperchromatography on the fluid containing GABOB after perfusing the organs proved the presence of some amino acids. These were identified as glycine, glutamic acid and glutamine. The observation on the GABOBcontaining fluid perfused the organs showed a decrease in GABOB and an increase in these amino acids. Quantitative observation proved a considerable increase in glycive and a moderate increase in glutamic acid and glutamine with a marked decrease in the amount of GABOB injected. From these results it is believed that GABOB is decomposed into glycine and acetic acid probably passing the stage of γ-aminoacetoacetic acid in one way and into glutamic acid by the transamination of GABOB with α-ketoglutaric acid in the other.

A number of derivatives and related compounds of lumisantonin were submitted to evaluatien for the action of histamine-release inhibition and antiinflammatory effect, as they structurally resemble guaiazulene in which these actions had been proved. Nineteen compounds of these suppressed 50 per cent or more of the increase in urinary excretion of histamine due to ovomucoid injection. Five of them markedly inhibited all the edemas in the rat hind paws induced by local inoculation of dextran, hyaluronidase, histamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine. Among these compounds, #32(methyl pyrophotosantoninate) showed a superior effect of inhibition than guaiazulene on all of these edemas, although the effects of two drugs were comparable in the case of oral administration. The members showing the edema inhibition likewise evidently protected passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in guinea pigs by the intraperitoneal administration; the effect of #32 was more marked than guaiazulene. This effect could be observed when applied to the skin with an ointment containing the compouhd in a concentration of more than 0.03 per cent 24 hours before. In vitro histamine releases from the minced lung tissue of sensitized guinea pig elicited by antigen and sinomenine were both inhibited by these compounds. These findings indicate that the main sites of the histamine-release inhibition and of the anti-inflammatory effect of these compounds are in the local tissue. Compound #32 failed to show any analgesic effect in mice, but possessed a considerable antipyretic action in rats. Some of the compounds in the tests depressed guinea-pig ileal strip while guaiazulene increased peristalsis, but any of these actions was not recognized with #32 even in a high concentration. Most of the members effective in inhibiting edemas as well as histamine release proved to be less toxic than guaiazulene. #32 was well tolerated in the doses of 6g/kg orally and of 4g/kg intraperitoneally by mice. The growth curves for three weeks of rats practically did not deviate from that of the controls by daily administration of 1g/kg of #32 by stomach tube and there were no gross and microscopical abnormalities in the main organs and blood.

Histogenesis of hepatic cancer has been analysed by observing glycogen by PAS staining and the histochemically demonstrable G-6-Pase activity on the liver of rats fed with 3'-Me-DAB or 3'-Ni-DAB. By observations on normal hepatic tissue it has been revealed that these two reactions are specific to the cytoplasm of liver parenchymal cells. Observations on the liver from the early stage of dye feeding, up to 100 days, show a marked proliferation of cholangioles in 3'-Me-DAB feeding on polished rice but only a poor reaction of cholangioles in 3'-Me-DAB feeding with synthetic diet. After 15-16 weeks of 3'-Me-DAB feeding cancer develops, a great erpart of which is consisted of cholangiocellular carcinoma and a portion, hepatocellular carcinoma. Histochemical observations on G-6-Pase and glycogen reveal that regenerating cholangiole and adenomatous tissues seem to have poles, on one side, the cells differentiate to liver parenchymal cells and on the other side, they differentiate to bile duct cells. Cancers develop mainly from these regenerating adenomatous tissues and they develop to cholangiocellular cancer or to hepatocellular cancer. The histogenesis of the latter can be traced histochemically. In the cases fed with 3'-Ni-DAB, the activity of cholangiole cells and the development of adenomatous tissue are rather poor with the delayed cancer formation. However, in these cases the majority of cancers are of hepatocellular carcinoma and the developmental mode of hepatocellular cancer can easily be traced by the G-6-Pase activity.

Electron microscope study on the rat liver cells of carbon tetrachloride poisoning has been reported. Observations have been made on the osmic fixed tissue sections obtained from the liver at early stages of poisoning, 5 to 22 hours after carbon tetrachloride oral administration, 0.25ml. per 100g. body weight. Special attention is paid on the appearance of electron dense area, opaque area, in cytoplasm, which is compased of fibrous components, probably originated from endoplasmic reticulum. This will be an important sign of cell degeneration. Toluidine blue, PAS and methyl green-pyronin stainings of the thicker sections from the same samples as used for electron microscopy revealed that the opaque area is stained by toluidine blue and pyronin but not by PAS. The opaque areas appear already five hours after the carbon tetrachloride administration and show some continuity with elongated filaments of endoplasmic reticulum. At an advanced stage of paisoning the opaque area increases in its number and size, but some of them are shrunk as a mass, being separated from the surrounding cytoplasm with scanty area. Often they form denser masses in the center and loak like the lipid deposition. The picture suggests formation of lipid droplets in the case of fatty degeneration of the liver cell.

The incorporation of C14-2-glycine into the subcellular fractions of liver, kidney and serum proteins was observed in mice receiving CCl4 injections. The results showed a marked inhibitory effect of CCl4 on incorporation of C14-glycine into each subcellular fraction of the liver, but not of the kidney. The inhibition of the C14-glycine incorporation was most marked in mitochondria, moderate in soluble protein and minimal in microsomes, in the groups of mice given two injections of CCl4. In the animals given CCl. injection, serum albumin is decreased with the decreased incorporation of C14-glycine into the albumin but β-globulin fraction is increased. The former will be the result of the decreased albumin synthesis in the poisoned liver and the latter will be correlated with the fatty degeneration of liver.

A series of experiments have been conducted with ten adult rabbits, drowning them to death in a ditch those water contains diatoms in abundance. The bones (selected ones are the femur, humerus, riHand vertebra) of these drowned rabbits have been buried underground, wrapped tightly in cellophane bags and left there for three years, and the detection of diatoms has been conducted with these bones either as they are or after cremating them in the electric'oven at 300°C, 500°C, 800°C or 1,000°C, for 20 minutes. As the results it has been clarified that diatoms can be detected in a considerable number in the bones of four limbs, and of these detectable diatoms some of them can be found even after cremation at 1,000°C for 20 minutes. This clearly proves diatoms are detectable from the bones even after a long period of time·after burial and even after cremation at high temperatures.

In connection with the cloudy swelling of the liver cell seen in the CCl4 intoxication the author observed the oxygen consumption rate of the liver slices at frequent intervals within 20 hours of CCl4 intoxication in rats. Unexpectedly, the oxygen consumption did not decrease by CCl4, intoxication in the stage where the cloudy swelling can be seen, especially in the media added with succinate. This finding suggests that the energy produced by respiration is not concerned with the swelling phenomenon in the case of CCl4 intoxication, differing from the supposition on the experiment of protozoa by using cyanide and others.

With an intention to establish definitely that detection of diatoms, vegetative plariktons, in the remains of a corpse will offer an unequivocal proof of death from drowning, even in the case where the suspected corpse has been cremated, the author observed organs and bones of 16 healthy adult rabbits which were drowned in a ditch, and burned as a whole with wood fire or incinerated in the electric oven. As the results it was found that diatoms can be detected in the interned organs so long as they remain. Even in the case where the corpse was cremated at high temperature, it is also possible to detect several kinds of diatoms in bones, the femur showing the greatest number followed by the humerus suggesting that long bones are more suitable for the detection of diatoms than any other bones, as they contain more numbers and kinds of diatoms. Thus it is concluded that detection of diatoms in the remains of the corpse suspected of drowning can definitely give an unequivocal evidence that the death is from drowning.

In the spleen of patient exposed to atomic bomb as well as in the infective spleen and leukemic spleen sometimes characteristic endothelium of the trabecular vein can be observed and this canalicula in the trabecular vein communicates with reticulum tissue of the pulp. In the subendothelial circulatory canalicula of the splenic trabecular vein there can be observed emigrating picture of various leucocytes of the vein passing this subendothelium (chemotaxisis) and these cells emigrate and accumulate outside the splenic trabecula (intrasplenic cell recurrence). Arterial blood circulates in these subendothelial canaliculae and these canaliculae are not lymph canaliculae as demonstrated by JAGER and ROSSLE. Many leucocytes flow back into the pulp outside the trabecula through this circulatory system. Also in the peritrabecular pulp a new formation of collagen fibers and a considerable number of plasma cells can be observed in various infective spleens, and splenic trabecular area is the regenerating center and reactive center in the spleen, just as lymph follicle in the spleen.

Die Autoren haben die folgende Feststellungen gemacht : 1) Die Losungen der unversehrten, zerreibten und hamolysierten Erythrocyten (Tabelle 1) am haufigsten verkurzen im Vergleiche mit der Kontrolle (0.85 per cent NaCl) die Rekalcifikationszeit des Zitratplasmas (Tabelle 2∼5). Die unversehrten Erythrocyten scheinen in dieser Hinsicht starker zu wirken, als die zerreibten und hamolysierte Zellen. Die letzten aber verhaltnismaBig ofters, als die unversehrte Zellen, verursachen eine Verlangerung der Rekalcifikationszeit oder zeigen keinen EinfluB. 2) Der Verdunnungsgrad der unversehrten, zerreibten oder hamolysierten Erythrocyten scheint uber den EinfluBcharakter auf die Gerinnungszeit nicht zu entscheiden. Doch im Vergleich mit den vorangehenden, die nachfolgende starkere Verdunnungen verlangern in der Mehrzahl der Bestimmungen die Gerinnungszeit, sehr oft haben sie keine Wirkung, oder ziemlich haufig verkurzen diese Zeit. 3) Selbstverstandlich ist die gerinnungsfordernde Wirkung von Erythrocyten viel schwacher und das ist eine Rege1 in den durchgeftihrten Experimenten, als der EinfluB des Gewebsthromboplastins auf die Rekalcifikationszeit des Zitratplasmas.

Okabayashi's radical extensive hysterectomy is one of the excellent operations for carcinoma of the cervix. In this study on the postoperative complications during the recent 5 years, we obtained the following results. 1. In the total of 861 cases studied, the primary mortality amounts to 1.2 per cent, the incidence of the uretero-vaginal fistula 2.7 per cent, the pelvic abscess 16.8 per cent, and the lymphocyst 23.3 per cent. 2. On comparing the results with our previous ones as well as those of other investigators, it is found that satisfactory results have been obtained due to the advent of various antibiotics in recent years and also due to a marked advance made in the technics of blood and fluid administration as well as anesthesia. 3. Since the various complications have not completely been overcome and they still pose an important problem, an effort should be made toward a better postoperative care in order to prevent the complications.

1. In application of ACTH on seven cases, we obtained dramatic effects on all of them this summer (1957). 2. We believe that the mechamism of ACTH actions are responsible to the diminution of inflammatory reactions in the brain. 3. We are now conducting a series of experiments with the use of animals, the results of which will be reported later.

By our method of bone marrow culture and peripheral leucocyte culture, the differentiation of leukemia from other diseases is simplified. By this method the acute form of leukemia can be differentiated from the chronic form, and the classification of leukemia by the leucocyte series becomes easy and exact. It is believed that this method is clinically quite useful.

First of all, we investigated the origin, the construction and distribution of the bronchial arteries and veins in adult rabbits, and then observed various changes of the blood vessels in experimental cavities and caseous foci and also studied the effects of streptomycin and isoniazide on the blood vessels of the cavity wall. The summary findings of the present experiments are described in the following. 1) In ten out of the fifteen rabbits emloyed, the bronchial artery originates from the right supreme intercostal artery; in three cases, in addition to this origin, it originates also from the left supreme intercostal artery; and in another case from the intercostal thoracic artery; while in the remaining one from the arc of the aorta. 2) The bronchial veins are divided into the extra-pulmonary and the intra-pulmonary veins. The former arises from the submucous blood vessels located in the proximal part of the third bronchus, and running along with the bronchial artery, finally empties into the superior Vena cava; while the latter, originating from the submucous capillaries in the distal part of the third bronchus, and after anastomosing with one another in the capsule of the bronchus, is communicated with the pulmonary veins. 3) In the caseous foci, although blood vessels are obliterated, capillaries are newly formed around the main trunks of the pulmonary artery and vein as well as around their residual branches. 4) These caseous foci are supplied with arterial blood from the bronchial arteries, the blood vessels in the bronchial wall, and the newlyformed vessels of pulmonary arterial origin. 5) The capillaries in the cavity wall are classified into three types according to their origins; namely, Type I, those regenerating from fine branches of the pulmonary vessels; Type Ⅱ, those regenerating from the main trunk of the pulmonary vessels; and Type Ⅲ, those regenerating from the bronchial artery situated in the orifice of the drainage bronchus. 6) The tuberculous cavities only in the orifice of the drainage bronchus receive an abundant supply of arterial blood directly from the bronchial artery, but those in other regions receive a scanty blood supply indirectly from the anastomoses between the bronchial artery, its sister vessels and the pulmonary artery. 7) The regeneration of blood vessels in tuberculous foci has been confirmed to occur not only in the bronchial artery and its sister blood vessels but also in the pulmonary artery and vein as well. 8) The constructions of blood vessels in the cavities treated with streptomycin or isoniazide present no significant difference from those of the control. 9) The regeneration of blood vessels and hyperemia in the cavity wall of the cases treated with streptomycin present no significant difference from those observed in the control, but the cases treated with isoniazide show marked hyperemia, newly-formed vessels, and occasional bleedings.

The two rare cases with a high fever and anemia as the chief complaints were confirmed to be acute basophilic leukemia on the basis of the following findings, namely, 1) Numerous basophiloblasts and immature basophilocytes were found in the peripheral blood and bone marrow picture, but there were few neutrophils. 2) By the culture of bone marrow in cover-slips the growth type to acute leukemia, these basophilocytes appearing in the growth zone were clearly distinguishable from neutrophils, eosinophils or monocytes by the modus of their movement and cellular structure. 3) In vitro fluid medium culture revealed that blasts decreased in number along with lapse of time whereas immature and mature basophilocytes increased in inverse proportion. Having encountered these two rare cases of acute basophilic leukemia and being able to autopsy one of them, the authors report their case findings and confirm the distinction of basophiloblasts. Judging from these findings, the authors are of the opinion that some modification seems to be in the offering as regard the Naegeli's myeloblast theory.

With the purpose to elucidate morphologically the site where fat synthesis takes place in the cell, electron-microscopic observation has been conducted on the interscapular brown fat tissue of mice at various periods of carbohydrate introduction after starvation. By starving mice, the depot lipids in the brown fat have been discharged almost completely, and the carbohydrate introduction has caused the biosynthesis of lipids from carbohydrtates in the same tissue. Observations on the tissues proved that the lipogenesis in the brown fat tissue cells takes place in the ground substance keeping the intimate correlation with the endoplasmic reticulum but not in the mitochondria.