International Institute of Anticancer Research Acta Medica Okayama 0250-7005 46 1 2025 P53-Armed Oncolytic Virotherapy Promotes the Efficacy of PD1 Blockade in Murine Osteosarcoma Tumors 69 84 EN MIHO KURE Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences HIROSHI TAZAWA Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences KOJI DEMIYA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences HIROYA KONDO Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences YUSUKE MOCHIZUKI Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences TADASHI KOMATSUBARA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences AKI YOSHIDA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences KOJI UOTANI Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences JOE HASEI Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences TOMOHIRO FUJIWARA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences TOSHIYUKI KUNISADA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences YASUO URATA Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences SHUNSUKE KAGAWA Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences TOSHIFUMI OZAKI Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences TOSHIYOSHI FUJIWARA Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background/Aim: Osteosarcoma (OS) is refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD1)/PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) due to poor immune response. We previously developed telomerase-specific, replication-competent oncolytic adenoviruses non-armed OBP-301 and P53-armed OBP-702 that exert antitumor efficacy against human OS cells. Recently, we demonstrated that P53-armed OBP-702 induces more profound immunogenic cell death and antitumor immune response against human and murine OS cells than does non-armed OBP-301. In the present study, we assessed the combined efficacy of PD1 blockade and P53-armed OBP-702 against murine OS cells. Materials and Methods: Three murine OS cell lines (K7M2, NHOS, NHOS-LM4) were used to assess the cytopathic effect of non-armed OBP-301 and P53-armed OBP-702 by XTT assay. Virus-induced immunogenic cell death was assessed by analyzing the levels of extracellular adenosine triphosphate and high-mobility group box protein B1. The expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 was analyzed by flow cytometry. The malignant potential of NHOS-LM4 cells was analyzed by a migration and invasion assay. An orthotopic NHOS-LM4 tumor model was used to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of combination therapy with P53-armed OBP-702 and anti-PD1. Results: P53-armed OBP-702 exhibited antitumor potential for the induction of immunogenic cell death, apoptosis, autophagy, and PD-L1/2 upregulation in K7M2 and NHOS cells. NHOS-LM4 cells showed increased migratory and invasive ability compared to NHOS cells. P53-armed OBP-702 significantly suppressed the malignant potential of NHOS-LM4 cells. Combination dosing showed that P53-armed OBP-702 significantly promoted the antitumor effect of PD1 blockade against NHOS-LM4 tumors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that P53-armed OBP-702 is a promising agent for improving the antitumor effect of PD1 blockade in treating invasive OS. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Microbiology Society Acta Medica Okayama 0022-1317 106 12 2025 Thorough characterization of a new curvulavirid from a Japanese strain of Cryphonectria nitschkei 002177 EN Sabitree Shahi Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Sakae Hisano Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Wasiatus Sa'diyah Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Yoshihiro Takaki Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University A new curvulavirid was isolated from a Japanese strain of the filamentous ascomycete Cryphonectria nitschkei and thoroughly characterized. The virus termed Cryphonectria nitschkei curvulavirus 1 (CnCvV1) has a bi-segmented dsRNA genome. CnCvV1 dsRNA1 encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (592 amino acids), while dsRNA2 possesses two ORFs, one that encodes a protein associated with the genomic dsRNA and the other that encodes a hypothetical protein of unknown function. CnCvV1 could be experimentally introduced into another virus-free strain of C. nitschkei and two strains of different fungal species within the genus Cryphonectria (Cryphonectria parasitica and Cryphonectria carpinicola). Based on phenotypic comparison, the virus caused asymptomatic infection in the three newly established fungal strains. However, there was a reduced colony growth rate and increased CnCvV1 accumulation in an RNA silencing-deficient mutant (Δdcl2), relative to the wt strain EP155 of a model virus host fungus (C. parasitica). These findings suggest that CnCvV1 is targeted by RNA silencing in C. parasitica. This study provides a foundation for further exploration of curvulavirids that have been biologically understudied. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 2468-2942 45 2025 Neoadjuvant FOLFOXIRI for locally advanced rectal cancer: A retrospective analysis focusing on long-term anal preservation 101049 EN Ryohei Shoji Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Fuminori Teraishi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Matsumi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yusuke Yoshida Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nobuhiko Kanaya Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kunitoshi Shigeyasu Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshitaka Kondo Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshiko Mori Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University Shunsuke Kagawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences To investigate the safety and efficacy of FOLFOXIRI as neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). The outcomes of preoperative and perioperative treatments, as well as long-term outcomes, were retrospectively compared between 26 patients who underwent FOLFOXIRI as NAC for LARC with cT3–4 and/or N+ at our institute between 2015 and 2022, and 31 patients with LARC who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CAPOX-RT) at our institute between 2011 and 2022. Grade 3 or higher adverse events due to neoadjuvant treatment were significantly more common in the FOLFOXIRI group (11 cases, 42.3 %) than in the CAPOX-RT group (3 cases, 9.7 %), and most of these were neutropenia. Based on the postoperative pathological findings, the complete response rate was significantly lower in the FOLFOXIRI group (1 case, 3.8 %) than in the CAPOX-RT group (7 cases, 22.6 %), but there were no significant differences in the R0 resection rate, survival rate, or relapse-free survival rate. In the CAPOX-RT group, 17 patients (54.8 %) had anal preservation, and during the observation period, 4 patients required stoma construction due to loss of anal function in the late stage. In contrast, in the FOLFOXIRI group, there were no cases of loss of anal function among the 20 patients (76.9 %) who had anal preservation. FOLFOXIRI as NAC requires caution regarding hematological toxicity, but it can be an effective treatment option for patients with LARC who wish to preserve their anus. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2025 Outcomes of ultra-high-pressure balloon angioplasty for congenital heart disease in single-center experience EN Maiko KONDO Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2025 Osteosarcoma cell–derived CCL2 facilitates lung metastasis via accumulation of tumor-associated macrophages EN Hiroya KONDO Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI AG Acta Medica Okayama 2072-6694 17 19 2025 Utility of Same-Modality, Cross-Domain Transfer Learning for Malignant Bone Tumor Detection on Radiographs: A Multi-Faceted Performance Comparison with a Scratch-Trained Model 3144 EN Joe Hasei Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Support Technology Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Ryuichi Nakahara Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yujiro Otsuka Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine Koichi Takeuchi Graduate School of Environmental, Life Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Yusuke Nakamura Plusman LCC Kunihiro Ikuta Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University Shuhei Osaki Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology and Rehabilitation, National Cancer Center Hospital Hironari Tamiya Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Shinji Miwa Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University Shusa Ohshika Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Shunji Nishimura Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University Hospital Naoaki Kahara Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mizushima Central Hospital Aki Yoshida Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Hiroya Kondo Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Tomohiro Fujiwara Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toshiyuki Kunisada Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toshifumi Ozaki Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Background/Objectives: Developing high-performance artificial intelligence (AI) models for rare diseases like malignant bone tumors is limited by scarce annotated data. This study evaluates same-modality cross-domain transfer learning by comparing an AI model pretrained on chest radiographs with a model trained from scratch for detecting malignant bone tumors on knee radiographs. Methods: Two YOLOv5-based detectors differed only in initialization (transfer vs. scratch). Both were trained/validated on institutional data and tested on an independent external set of 743 radiographs (268 malignant, 475 normal). The primary outcome was AUC; prespecified operating points were high-sensitivity (≥0.90), high-specificity (≥0.90), and Youden-optimal. Secondary analyses included PR/F1, calibration (Brier, slope), and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: AUC was similar (YOLO-TL 0.954 [95% CI 0.937–0.970] vs. YOLO-SC 0.961 [0.948–0.973]; DeLong p = 0.53). At the high-sensitivity point (both sensitivity = 0.903), YOLO-TL achieved higher specificity (0.903 vs. 0.867; McNemar p = 0.037) and PPV (0.840 vs. 0.793; bootstrap p = 0.030), reducing ~17 false positives among 475 negatives. At the high-specificity point (~0.902–0.903 for both), YOLO-TL showed higher sensitivity (0.798 vs. 0.764; p = 0.0077). At the Youden-optimal point, sensitivity favored YOLO-TL (0.914 vs. 0.892; p = 0.041) with a non-significant specificity difference. Conclusions: Transfer learning may not improve overall AUC but can enhance practical performance at clinically crucial thresholds. By maintaining high detection rates while reducing false positives, the transfer learning model offers superior clinical utility. Same-modality cross-domain transfer learning is an efficient strategy for developing robust AI systems for rare diseases, supporting tools more readily acceptable in real-world screening workflows. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1865-7257 2025 A case of retrograde colonic intussusception by tubulovillous adenoma EN Michiko Iki Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nobuhiko Kanaya Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ryohei Shoji Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshihiko Kakiuchi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshitaka Kondo Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shinji Kuroda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kunitoshi Shigeyasu Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shunsuke Kagawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Introduction Retrograde colonic intussusception is a rare condition in adults, often caused by organic lesions such as tumors. Autonomic dysfunction in disorders like multiple system atrophy (MSA) might contribute to its occurrence. Case presentation An 81-year-old bedridden woman with a history of MSA presented with severe abdominal pain and abdominal distension lasting 4 days. She had chronic severe constipation managed with laxatives and manual disimpaction. CT imaging revealed retrograde intussusception of the rectum into the sigmoid colon. Endoscopic reduction was attempted but was unsuccessful due to scope impassability. Emergency laparotomy identified a 4–5 cm tumor at the lead point, and manual reduction resulted in bowel perforation. Hartmann’s procedure with D2 lymphadenectomy was performed. The tumor was histopathologically diagnosed as a tubulovillous adenoma with no malignant features. The patient’s postoperative recovery was uneventful except for a urinary tract infection (Clavien–Dindo Grade II), and she was transferred to a rehabilitation facility on postoperative day 24. Conclusion Failure of reduction by air enema should raise suspicion for retrograde intussusception, warranting prompt surgery if an organic lead point is suspected. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

International Institute of Anticancer Research Acta Medica Okayama 0258-851X 39 5 2025 The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index: A Key Indicator of Perioperative Outcome in Oldest-old Patients With Colorectal Cancer 2810 2817 EN FUMINORI TERAISHI Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital MASASHI UTSUMI Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center YUSUKE YOSHIDA Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital RYOHEI SHOJI Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital NOBUHIKO KANAYA Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital YUKI MATSUMI Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital KUNITOSHI SHIGEYASU Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital YOSHITAKA KONDO Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital SHIORI ITAGAKI Perioperative Management Center, Okayama University Hospital RIE TAMURA Perioperative Management Center, Okayama University Hospital YOSHIKAZU MATSUOKA Perioperative Management Center, Okayama University Hospital TOSHIYOSHI FUJIWARA Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital MASARU INAGAKI Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center Background/Aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) presents a significant challenge in oldest-old patients (≥85 years), where surgical intervention carries substantial perioperative risks. Nutritional status is a crucial determinant of outcomes, and the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) has shown promise. This prospective study aimed to validate the GNRI as a key indicator of perioperative outcomes in oldest-old patients undergoing CRC surgery, and to establish its utility in preoperative risk stratification. Patients and Methods: This prospective study enrolled patients aged ≥85 years undergoing elective surgery for CRC. Preoperative GNRI was calculated using the formula: GNRI=14.89×serum albumin (g/dl)+41.7×[actual body weight/ideal body weight (corresponding to body mass index 22)]. Patients were stratified into two groups: GNRI >98 and GNRI ≤98. Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, geriatric assessments (including Geriatric-8 and EuroQol 5 dimension), and postoperative complication rates were analyzed. Results: Twenty-four patients (median age 88 years, interquartile range=86-91) were included: 11 in the GNRI >98 group and 13 in the GNRI ≤98 group. The patients with GNRI >98 demonstrated significantly better G8 scores (median 12 vs. 11, p<0.01) and EQ-5D index values (median 88 vs. 75.0, p<0.01). The postoperative complication rate was significantly higher in the GNRI ≤98 group (p=0.02). Conclusion: Preoperative GNRI effectively identifies oldest-old patients with CRC at increased risk for postoperative complications. A GNRI ≤98 correlates with poorer nutritional status and impaired geriatric functional parameters. These findings highlight GNRI’s utility as a simple, valuable tool for preoperative risk stratification, potentially guiding interventions to optimize outcomes in this vulnerable population. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 1758-5902 18 1 2025 Clinical Impacts of Minimally Invasive Transperineal Abdominoperineal Resection in Crohn's Disease: A Retrospective Analysis e70149 EN Yoshitaka Kondo Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nobuhiko Kanaya Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ryohei Shoji Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshihiro Inokuchi Research Center for Intestinal Health Science, Okayama University Sakiko Hiraoka Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yusuke Yoshida Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Matsumi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kunitoshi Shigeyasu Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Fuminori Teraishi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shinji Kuroda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Introduction: Crohn's disease (CD) often leads to complex anorectal complications, posing significant challenges in surgical management. Transperineal abdominoperineal resection (TpAPR) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to APR. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TpAPR compared to APR in patients with CD. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 19 CD patients who underwent either minimally invasive TpAPR (n = 11) or APR (n = 8) between 2008 and 2023 from a single institution. The primary outcomes were assessed: intraoperative blood loss, operative time, and surgical site infection (SSI) rates. Results: The minimally invasive TpAPR group exhibited significantly reduced intraoperative blood loss (223 mL vs. 533 mL, p = 0.04) and a lower incidence of SSI rates (36.4% vs. 75%, p = 0.07). Operative time and hospital stay were comparable between groups. Conclusion: Minimally invasive TpAPR demonstrates potential benefits over APR in reducing blood loss and SSI rates in CD patients. Further large-scale studies are warranted to confirm these findings. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japan Surgical Society Acta Medica Okayama 2198-7793 11 1 2025 A Case of Omental Bleeding as a Result of Segmental Arterial Mediolysis Treated Successfully by Laparoscopic Partial Omentectomy cr.25-0262 EN Yudai Mimata Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nobuhiko Kanaya Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshitaka Kondo Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hitoshi Minagi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshihiko Kakiuchi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shinji Kuroda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kunitoshi Shigeyasu Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shunsuke Kagawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences INTRODUCTION: Segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) is a rare, non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory arteriopathy characterized by lysis of the arterial media, leading to aneurysm formation and possible rupture. Although visceral arteries are typically involved, SAM-induced omental bleeding is extremely uncommon. While transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) has been reported, surgical resection offers both definitive hemostasis and histopathological confirmation. CASE PRESENTATION: A 56-year-old man presented with upper abdominal pain without a history of trauma. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed a hematoma and fusiform dilation of an omental artery, suggesting omental hemorrhage. As he was hemodynamically stable, initial conservative management was chosen. However, a follow-up CT on day 7 demonstrated aneurysm enlargement, prompting laparoscopic partial omentectomy. Intraoperative findings included a 5-cm hematoma in the central omentum. Histopathological examination showed vacuolization of the tunica media and loss of the internal elastic lamina, confirming the diagnosis of SAM. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged on the 3rd postoperative day. CONCLUSIONS: This rare case of SAM-related omental bleeding was successfully treated with laparoscopic partial omentectomy. Tailored treatment strategies including laparoscopic surgery are essential for optimal outcomes in SAM. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1435-2451 409 1 2024 Subjective global assessment for nutritional screening and its impact on surgical outcomes: A prospective study in older patients with colorectal cancer 356 EN Fuminori Teraishi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yusuke Yoshida Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ryohei Shoji Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nobuhiko Kanaya Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Matsumi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kunitoshi Shigeyasu Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshitaka Kondo Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shunsuke Kagawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Rie Tamura Perioperative Management Center, Okayama University Hospital Yoshikazu Matsuoka Perioperative Management Center, Okayama University Hospital Hiroshi Morimatsu Perioperative Management Center, Okayama University Hospital Toshiharu Mitsuhashi Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Purpose Our perioperative management center provides preoperative intervention and functional and nutritional assessments for colorectal cancer patients aged over 75 years. This study evaluated the associations of preoperative nutritional status with postoperative outcomes and prognosis in colorectal cancer patients aged 75 years or older. Methods This was a prospective, observational study of 71 colorectal cancer patients aged 75 years or older who underwent surgery between July 2020 and September 2022. The Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) was evaluated as a nutritional index. The patients were classified into three groups: SGA-A (well nourished), B (moderately malnourished), and C (severely malnourished), and the correlations with postoperative outcomes and prognosis were examined. Results The median age of the 71 patients (34 males, 37 females) was 78 (75–92) years, and their median body mass index (BMI) was 22.3 (13.4–31.9) kg/m2. Forty-eight patients had colon cancer, and 23 had rectal cancer. On the SGA, 28 patients were SGA-A, 25 SGA-B, and 18 SGA-C. The SGA-B/C group had significantly higher BMI (p < 0.01) and more ICU admissions (p = 0.02). The G8 score was significantly lower (p = 0.03) in the SGA-B/C group, suggesting coexisting functional decline. In terms of postoperative outcomes, the SGA-B/C group had a significantly longer postoperative hospital stay (p = 0.04). The 3-year OS rates for all stages were 100% in the SGA-A group and 49.7% in the SGA-B/C group (p = 0.03), while the 3-year OS rates for patients excluding Stage IV were 100% in the SGA-A group and 68.5% in the SGA-B/C group, not significantly different (p = 0.14). The 3-year RFS rate was 95.5% in the SGA-A group and 65.3% in the SGA-B/C group (p = 0.15). Conclusion The SGA is a promising nutritional index associated with short-term outcomes in older patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. The SGA can be assessed in a few minutes during an outpatient visit, making it useful for routine clinical use. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1341-9625 2025 Advances in liquid biopsy for bone and soft-tissue sarcomas EN Yilang Wang Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomohiro Fujiwara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takanao Kurozumi Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Teruhiko Ando Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takahiko Ishimaru Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroya Kondo Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Eiji Nakata Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyuki Kunisada Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Bone and soft-tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors originating from mesenchymal tissues, accounting for approximately 1% of adult solid malignancies and 20% of pediatric solid malignancies. While blood-based tumor markers are available in major types of cancers, evidence demonstrating useful circulating biomarkers is limited in bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. Despite the development of combined modality treatments, a significant proportion of sarcoma patients respond poorly to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, leading to local relapse or distant metastasis. However, imaging methods, such as X-ray, computed tomography, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and scintigraphy, are mostly used to detect or monitor tumor development. Liquid biopsy is an emerging minimally invasive diagnostic technique that detects tumor-derived molecules in body fluids, including circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA), and circulating extracellular vesicles. This method offers new possibilities for early tumor detection, prognostic evaluation, and therapeutic monitoring and may serve as a benchmark for treatment modification. This review focuses on the current technological advances in liquid biopsy for bone and soft-tissue sarcoma and explores its potential role in guiding personalized treatments. If these modalities could determine resistance to ongoing therapy or the presence of minimal residual disease at the end of the treatment protocol, the obtained data would be important for determining whether to change treatment approaches or add adjuvant therapies. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 2045-2322 15 1 2025 ADAR1 as a prognostic marker for patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastasis and a predictor of chemotherapy efficacy 26752 EN Kaori Nitta Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kunitoshi Shigeyasu Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshitaka Kondo Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hibiki Umeda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiaki Takahashi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuya Moriwake Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuhiro Yoshida Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Sho Takeda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Matsumi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Kishimoto Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomokazu Fuji Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuya Yasui Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kosei Takagi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masashi Kayano Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shunsuke Nakamura Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Michiue Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University Hideki Yamamoto Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nobuhiko Kanaya Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuhei Kondo Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Eiki Miyake Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yusuke Yoshida Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ryohei Shoji Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshihiko Kakiuchi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroshi Tazawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shunsuke Kagawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences RNA editing by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes plays a role in cancer progression. However, its clinical significance in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate whether ADAR1 expression predicts prognosis and treatment response in colorectal cancer (CRC) with synchronous liver metastasis. This study included 40 patients with stage IV CRC and synchronous liver metastases. ADAR1 expression in tumor tissues was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Expression levels were quantified using the immunoreactive score, and associations with clinicopathological features, overall survival (OS), and chemotherapy response were examined. High ADAR1 expression was significantly associated with multiple liver metastases (P = 0.0206), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0241), and reduced response to chemotherapy (P = 0.0224). Significantly shorter OS was observed in patients with high ADAR1 expression in the nucleus (P = 0.0458). ADAR1 expression was an independent prognostic factor comparable to the presence of extrahepatic metastases. Low ADAR1 expression was correlated with a higher likelihood of achieving a response to chemotherapy. ADAR1 expression can reflect tumor aggressiveness and chemotherapy resistance in patients with CRC and synchronous liver metastasis. ADAR1 has considerable potential as a dual-purpose biomarker for stratifying patients based on prognosis and optimizing treatment intensity. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Microbiology Society Acta Medica Okayama 0022-1317 106 7 2025 Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) from the Animal dsRNA and ssRNA(－) Viruses Subcommittee, 2025 002112 EN Holly R. Hughes Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Matthew J. Ballinger Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University Yiming Bao National Genomics Data Center, China National Center for Bioinformation; Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Nicolas Bejerman Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Kim R. Blasdell CSIRO Health and Biosecurity Thomas Briese Center for Infection and Immunity, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Julia Brignone Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui. INEVH -ANLIS Jean Paul Carrera Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud Lander De Coninck Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven William Marciel de Souza Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky Humberto Debat Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Ralf G. Dietzgen QAAFI, The University of Queensland Ralf Dürrwald Robert Koch Institut Mert Erdin Department of Virology, University of Helsinki Anthony R. Fooks Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) Kristian M. Forbes Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas Juliana Freitas-Astúa Embrapa Cassava and Fruits Jorge B. Garcia Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui. INEVH -ANLIS Jemma L. Geoghegan Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago Rebecca M. Grimwood Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago Masayuki Horie Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University Timothy H. Hyndman School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University Reimar Johne German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment John D. Klena Viral Special Pathogens Branch, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Eugene V. Koonin Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health Alexei Y. Kostygov University of Ostrava Mart Krupovic Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit Jens H. Kuhn Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health Michael Letko Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University Jun-Min Li Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University Yiyun Liu National Genomics Data Center, China National Center for Bioinformation; Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Maria Laura Martin Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui. INEVH -ANLIS Nathaniel Mull Department of Natural Sciences, Shawnee State University Yael Nazar Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui. INEVH -ANLIS Norbert Nowotny College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes Universidade Federal do Pará Arnfinn Lodden Økland Pharmaq Analytiq Dennis Rubbenstroth Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Brandy J. Russell Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Eric Schott Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Stephanie Seifert Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University Carina Sen Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui. INEVH -ANLIS Elizabeth Shedroff Viral Special Pathogens Branch, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Tarja Sironen Department of Virology, University of Helsinki Teemu Smura Department of Virology, University of Helsinki Camila Prestes Dos Santos Tavares Integrated Group of Aquaculture and Environmental Studies, Federal University of Paraná Robert B. Tesh Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch Natasha L. Tilston Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine Noël Tordo Institut Pasteur Nikos Vasilakis Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch Peter J. Walker University of Queensland Fei Wang Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Anna E. Whitfield North Carolina State University Shannon L.M. Whitmer Viral Special Pathogens Branch, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Yuri I. Wolf Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health Han Xia Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Gong-Yin Ye Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University Zhuangxin Ye Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University Vyacheslav Yurchenko University of Ostrava Mingli Zhao Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College RNA viruses are ubiquitous in the environment and are important pathogens of humans, animals and plants. In 2024, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Animal dsRNA and ssRNA(－) Viruses Subcommittee submitted 18 taxonomic proposals for consideration. These proposals expanded the known virosphere by classifying 9 new genera and 88 species for newly detected virus genomes. Of note, newly established species expand the large family of Rhabdoviridae to 580 species. A new species in the family Arenaviridae includes a virus detected in Antarctic fish with a unique split nucleoprotein ORF. Additionally, four new species were established for historically isolated viruses with previously unsequenced genomes. Furthermore, three species were abolished due to incomplete genome sequence information, and one family was moved from being unassigned in the phylum Negarnaviricota into a subphylum and order. Herein, we summarize the 18 ratified taxonomic proposals and the general features of the current taxonomy, thereby supporting public and animal health responses. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Microbiology Society Acta Medica Okayama 0022-1317 106 7 2025 Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses from the Plant Viruses Subcommittee, 2025 002114 EN Luisa Rubino Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR Peter Abrahamian USDA-ARS, BARC, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory Wenxia An Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, Shenyang University Miguel A. Aranda Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC José T. Ascencio-Ibañez Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University Nicolas Bejerman Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFYMA) INTA-CONICET Arnaud G. Blouin Plant Protection Department Thierry Candresse UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, University of Bordeaux, INRAE Tomas Canto Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC) Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) Mengji Cao National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University John P. Carr Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge Won Kyong Cho Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University Fiona Constable Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action and School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University Indranil Dasgupta University of Delhi South Campu Humberto Debat Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFYMA) INTA-CONICET Ralf G. Dietzgen Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland Michele Digiaro CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo of Bari Livia Donaire Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC Toufic Elbeaino CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo of Bari Denis Fargette Virus South Data Fiona Filardo Queensland Department of Primary Industries Matthias G. Fischer Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Nuria Fontdevila Plant Protection Department Adrian Fox Fera Science Ltd (Fera), York Biotech Campus Juliana Freitas-Astua Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Marc Fuchs Plant Pathology, Cornell University Andrew D.W. Geering Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland Mahan Ghafari Department of Biology, University of Oxford Anders Hafrén Swedish University of Agriculture John Hammond USDA-ARS, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit Rosemarie Hammond USDA-ARS, BARC, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska Institute of Plant Protection-NRI Eugenie Hebrard PHIM Plant Health Institute, University of Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institute Agro Carmen Hernández Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia-CSIC Jean-Michel Hily Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin Ahmed Hosseini Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Department of Plant Protection Roger Hull Retired from John Innes Centre Alice K. Inoue-Nagata Embrapa Hortaliças Ramon Jordan USDA-ARS, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Jan F. Kreuze International Potato Center (CIP) Mart Krupovic Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit Kenji Kubota Institute for Plant Protection, NARO Jens H. Kuhn Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health Scott Leisner Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo Jean-Michel Lett CIRAD, UMR PVBMT Chengyu Li Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, Shenyang University Fan Li State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University Jun Min Li Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University Paola M. López-Lambertini Instituto de Patología Vegetal (IPAVE), INTA, Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFYMA) INTA-CONICET Juan J. Lopez-Moya Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CRAG (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB) Francois Maclot UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, University of Bordeaux, INRAE Kristiina Mäkinen Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki Darren Martin Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Sebastien Massart Plant Pathology Laboratory, TERRA Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege W. Allen Miller Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University Musa Mohammadi Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Dimitre Mollov USDA-APHIS, Plant Protection and Quarantine Emmanuelle Muller CIRAD, AGAP Institut; AGAP Institut, University of Montpellier; CIRAD, INRAE Tatsuya Nagata Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília Jesús Navas-Castillo Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Yutaro Neriya Utsunomiya University Francisco M. Ochoa-Corona Oklahoma State University, Institute for Biosecurity & Microbial Forensics Kazusato Ohshima Saga University Vicente Pallás Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia-CSIC Hanu Pappu Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University Karel Petrzik Institute of Plant Molecular Biology Mikhail Pooggin PHIM Plant Health Institute, University of Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD Maria Isabella Prigigallo Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR Pedro L. Ramos-González Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, Instituto Biológico de São Paulo Simone Ribeiro Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia Katja R. Richert-Pöggeler Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics Philippe Roumagnac CIRAD, UMR PHIM Avijit Roy USDA-ARS, BARC, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA Sead Sabanadzovic Department of Agricultural Science and Plant Protection, Mississippi State University Dana Šafářová Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc Pasquale Saldarelli Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR Hélène Sanfaçon Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Cecilia Sarmiento Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology Takahide Sasaya Strategic Planning Headquarters, NARO Kay Scheets Department of Plant Pathology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University Willem E.W. Schravesande Molecular Plant Pathology, University of Amsterdam Susan Seal Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich Yoshifumi Shimomoto Kochi Agricultural Research Center Merike Sõmera Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology Livia Stavolone Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR Lucy R. Stewart Currently unaffiliated Pierre-Yves Teycheney CIRAD, UMR PVBMT & UMR PVBMT, Université de la Réunion John E. Thomas Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland Jeremy R. Thompson Plant Health and Environment Laboratory Antonio Tiberini Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification Yasuhiro Tomitaka Institute for Plant Protection, NARO Ioannis Tzanetakis Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System Marie Umber INRAE, UR ASTRO Cica Urbino PHIM Plant Health Institute, University of Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institute Agro Harrold A. van den Burg Molecular Plant Pathology, University of Amsterdam René A.A. Van der Vlugt Wageningen University and Research Arvind Varsani The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University Adriaan Verhage Rijk Zwaan Breeding B.V. Dan Villamor Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System Susanne von Bargen Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Peter J. Walker The University of Queensland Thierry Wetzel Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum Rheinpfalz Anna E. Whitfield North Carolina State University Stephen J. Wylie Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University Caixia Yang Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, Shenyang University F. Murilo Zerbini Dep. de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa Song Zhang National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University In March 2025, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote, newly proposed taxa were added to those under the mandate of the Plant Viruses Subcommittee. In brief, 1 new order, 3 new families, 6 new genera, 2 new subgenera and 206 new species were created. Some taxa were reorganized. Genus Cytorhabdovirus in the family Rhabdoviridae was abolished and its taxa were redistributed into three new genera Alphacytorhabdovirus, Betacytorhabdovirus and Gammacytorhabdovirus. Genus Waikavirus in the family Secoviridae was reorganized into two subgenera (Actinidivirus and Ritunrivirus). One family and four previously unaffiliated genera were moved to the newly established order Tombendovirales. Twelve species not assigned to a genus were abolished. To comply with the ICTV mandate of a binomial format for virus species, eight species were renamed. Demarcation criteria in the absence of biological information were defined in the genus Ilarvirus (family Bromoviridae). This article presents the updated taxonomy put forth by the Plant Viruses Subcommittee and ratified by the ICTV. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 0168-1702 351 2025 Evidence for the replication of a plant rhabdovirus in its arthropod mite vector 199522 EN Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Miki Fujita Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Paul Telengech Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Kazuyuki Maruyam Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Kiwamu Hyodo Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Aline Daniele Tassi Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida Ronald Ochoa Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA Ida Bagus Andika College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Transmission of plant viruses that replicate in the insect vector is known as persistent-propagative manner. However, it remains unclear whether such virus-vector relationships also occur between plant viruses and other biological vectors such as arthropod mites. In this study, we investigated the possible replication of orchid fleck virus (OFV), a segmented plant rhabdovirus, within its mite vector (Brevipalpus californicus s.l.) using quantitative RT-qPCR, western blotting and next-generation sequencing. Time-course RT-qPCR and western blot analyses showed an increasing OFV accumulation pattern in mites after virus acquisition. Since OFV genome expression requires the transcription of polyadenylated mRNAs, polyadenylated RNA fractions extracted from the viruliferous mite samples and OFV-infected plant leaves were used for RNA-seq analysis. In the mite and plant datasets, a large number of sequence reads were aligned to genomic regions of OFV RNA1 and RNA2 corresponding to transcribed viral gene mRNAs. This includes the short polyadenylated transcripts originating from the leader and trailer regions at the ends of the viral genome, which are believed to play a crucial role in viral transcription/replication. In contrast, a low number of reads were mapped to the non-transcribed regions (gene junctions). These results strongly suggested that OFV gene expression occurs both in mites and plants. Additionally, deep sequencing revealed the accumulation of OFV-derived small RNAs in mites, although their size profiles differ from those found in plants. Taken together, our results indicated that OFV replicates within a mite vector and is targeted by the RNA-silencing mechanism. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI AG Acta Medica Okayama 1999-4915 16 7 2024 Metatranscriptomic Sequencing of Sheath Blight-Associated Isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Revealed Multi-Infection by Diverse Groups of RNA Viruses 1152 EN Michael Louie R. Urzo Microbiology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños Timothy D. Guinto Microbiology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños Ana Eusebio-Cope Fit-for-Future Genetic Resources Unit, Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), University of the Philippines Los Baños Bernard O. Budot Institute of Weed Science, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños Mary Jeanie T. Yanoria Traits for Challenged Environments Unit, Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), University of the Philippines Los Baños Gilda B. Jonson Traits for Challenged Environments Unit, Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), University of the Philippines Los Baños Masao Arakawa Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University Hideki Kondo Plant-Microbe Interactions Group, Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Plant-Microbe Interactions Group, Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Rice sheath blight, caused by the soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia solani (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris, Basidiomycota), is one of the most devastating phytopathogenic fungal diseases and causes yield loss. Here, we report on a very high prevalence (100%) of potential virus-associated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) elements for a collection of 39 fungal strains of R. solani from the rice sheath blight samples from at least four major rice-growing areas in the Philippines and a reference isolate from the International Rice Research Institute, showing different colony phenotypes. Their dsRNA profiles suggested the presence of multiple viral infections among these Philippine R. solani populations. Using next-generation sequencing, the viral sequences of the three representative R. solani strains (Ilo-Rs-6, Tar-Rs-3, and Tar-Rs-5) from different rice-growing areas revealed the presence of at least 36 viruses or virus-like agents, with the Tar-Rs-3 strain harboring the largest number of viruses (at least 20 in total). These mycoviruses or their candidates are believed to have single-stranded RNA or dsRNA genomes and they belong to or are associated with the orders Martellivirales, Hepelivirales, Durnavirales, Cryppavirales, Ourlivirales, and Ghabrivirales based on their coding-complete RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequences. The complete genome sequences of two novel RNA viruses belonging to the proposed family Phlegiviridae and family Mitoviridae were determined. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0910-8327 2025 Outcomes of ultra-high-pressure balloon angioplasty for congenital heart disease in single-center experience EN Maiko Kondo Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshihiko Kurita Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Yosuke Fukushima Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Yusuke Shigemitsu Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kenta Hirai Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Yuya Kawamoto Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Mayuko Hara Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Tomoyuki Kanazawa Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Okayama University Hospital Tatsuo Iwasaki Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Okayama University Hospital Yasuhiro Kotani Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Shingo Kasahara Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Hirokazu Tsukahara Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Kenji Baba Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Angioplasty using ultra-high-pressure (UHP) balloons may successfully treat stenotic lesions refractory to high-pressure dilation. The use of UHP balloons in patients with congenital heart disease is mostly for dilation of the pulmonary artery, and there have been few reports on the effectiveness and safety of balloons for other sites. We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of the ultra-high-pressure balloon angioplasty (UHP-BA) for stenotic lesions in patients with congenital heart disease between January 2020 and December 2022 at Okayama University Hospital. A total of 78 UHP-BAs were performed in 44 patients, with a median age of 6.6 years and a median weight of 17.6 kg. The balloon types used in the UHP-BAs were Yoroi® and Conquest®. UHP-BA performed 39 procedures for the pulmonary artery (PA), 24 for fenestration, 8 for SVC, 4 for shunt, and three for others. The lesion-specific acute procedural success rates for PA, Fontan fenestration, SVC, and shunt were 77%, 75%, 88%, and 75%, respectively. A complication of UHP-BA occurred in 3.8% (3/78). Two of the three patients had pulmonary hemorrhage, and the remaining patients had pulmonary artery embolization due to the migration of a thrombus. There were no fatal complications. Balloon dilation with UHP balloons was safe and effective not only for pulmonary artery stenotic lesions but also for SVC, Fontan fenestration, shunt, and other dilation sites in patients with congenital heart disease. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

BMC Acta Medica Okayama 1476-4598 24 1 2025 ADAR1-high tumor-associated macrophages induce drug resistance and are therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer 116 EN Hibiki Umeda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kunitoshi Shigeyasu Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiaki Takahashi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuya Moriwake Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshitaka Kondo Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuhiro Yoshida Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Sho Takeda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shuya Yano Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Matsumi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Kishimoto Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomokazu Fuji Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuya Yasui Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hideki Yamamoto Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kosei Takagi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masashi Kayano Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Michiue Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University Keiichiro Nakamura Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Gradu�ate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshiko Mori Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Fuminori Teraishi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroshi Tazawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuzo Umeda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shunsuke Kagawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ajay Goel Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered the third most common type of cancer worldwide. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been shown to promote drug resistance. Adenosine-to-inosine RNA-editing, as regulated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR), is a process that induces the posttranscriptional modification of critical oncogenes. The aim of this study is to determine whether the signals from cancer cells would induce RNA-editing in macrophages. Methods The effects of RNA-editing on phenotypes in macrophages were analyzed using clinical samples and in vitro and in vivo models. Results The intensity of the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 (Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1) in cancer and mononuclear cells indicated a strong positive correlation between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The ADAR1-positive mononuclear cells were positive for CD68 and CD163, a marker for M2 macrophages. Cancer cells transport pro-inflammatory cytokines or ADAR1 protein directly to macrophages via the exosomes, promoting RNA-editing in AZIN1 (Antizyme Inhibitor 1) and GLI1 (Glioma-Associated Oncogene Homolog 1) and resulting in M2 macrophage polarization. GLI1 RNA-editing in the macrophages induced by cancer cells promotes the secretion of SPP1, which is supplied to the cancer cells. This activates the NF kappa B pathway in cancer cells, promoting oxaliplatin resistance. When the JAK inhibitors were administered, oncogenic RNA-editing in the macrophages was suppressed. This altered the macrophage polarization from M2 to M1 and decreased oxaliplatin resistance in cancer cells. Conclusions This study revealed that ADAR1-high TAMs are crucial in regulating drug resistance in CRC and that targeting ADAR1 in TAMs could be a promising treatment approach for overcoming drug resistance in CRC. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 2049-4173 2025 Novel Therapeutic Algorism in Patients With Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome EN Yoshitaka Kondo Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nobuhiko Kanaya Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ami Kobayashi Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Kyosuke Arakawa Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Yoshikazu Matsuoka Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Yudai Mimata Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshihiko Kakiuchi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kunitoshi Shigeyasu Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shinji Kuroda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shunsuke Kagawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background: Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES) is often overlooked as a cause of chronic abdominal pain. Trigger point injections (TPIs) serve as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Although neurectomy is frequently chosen for patients with severe ACNES, its surgical outcomes remain unclear. Aim: This study aims to evaluate both the short- and long-term outcomes for neurectomy and propose a novel therapeutic algorithm. Methods: A cohort of postoperative patients presenting with ACNES between 2016 and 2023 was retrospectively evaluated. Patients received a single diagnostic TPI. When the pain subsided, an anterior neurectomy was performed using either an anterior or laparoscopic approach. Pain scores were assessed using the numeric rating scale (NRS). Results: Among 37 patients (60% females, mean age 33.8 ± 3.4 years), 29 patients (78.4%) experienced pain recurrence following initial neurectomy. Of these, 22 patients underwent repeat neurectomies, resulting in complete remission in 15 patients and no benefit in 7 patients. Long-term outcomes showed that 62.2% achieved clinical remission (NRS = 0), whereas 8.1% reported reduced but persistent pain (NRS 1–2). Preoperative TPI effectiveness was a strong predictor of surgical success, with patients achieving post-TPI NRS (0–1) significantly more likely to attain remission (p = 0.0074). Older age was also associated with higher remission rates (p = 0.0476). Conclusion: TPI is critical for predicting neurectomy success. These findings support the integration of preoperative TPI evaluation and tailored surgical strategies to optimize outcomes for patients with ACNES. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Society for Microbiology Acta Medica Okayama 0022-538X 99 3 2025 A capsidless (+)RNA yadokarivirus hosted by a dsRNA virus is infectious as particles, cDNA, and dsRNA e02166-24 EN Muhammad Fadli Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Sakae Hisano Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Guy Novoa Department of Structure of Macromolecules, Centro Nacional Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco José R. Castón Department of Structure of Macromolecules, Centro Nacional Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco Hideki Kondo Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Capsidless yadokariviruses (members of the order Yadokarivirales) with (+)RNA genomes divert the capsid of their partner icosahedral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses in different families of the order Ghabrivirales into the replication site. A yadokarivirus, AfSV2, has been reported from a German strain of the ascomycete fungus Aspergillus foetidus coinfected by two dsRNA viruses, a victorivirus (AfSV1, family Pseudototiviridae) and an alternavirus (AfFV, family Alternaviridae). Here, we identified AfSV1 as the partner of AfSV2 in a Japanese A. foetidus strain after showing the infectiousness of AfSV2 in three forms: virus particles (heterocapsid), transforming full-length complementary DNA (cDNA), and purified replicated form (RF) dsRNA that is believed to be inactive as a translational template. Virion transfection of virus-free A. foetidus protoplasts resulted in the generation of two strains infected either by AfSV1 alone or by both AfSV1 and AfSV2. Transformants with AfSV2 full-length cDNA launched AfSV2 infection only in the presence of AfSV1, but not those with AfSV2 RNA-directed RNA polymerase mutant cDNA. The purified fractions containing AfSV2 RF dsRNA also launched infection when transfected into protoplasts infected by AfSV1. Treatment with dsRNA-specific RNase III, but not with proteinase K, S1 nuclease, or DNase I, abolished the infectivity of AfSV2 RF dsRNA. Furthermore, we confirmed the infectiousness of gel-purified AfSV2 RF dsRNA in the presence of AfSV1. Taken together, our results show the unique infectious entity of AfSV2 and the expansion of yadokarivirus partners in the family Pseudototiviridae and provide interesting evolutionary insights. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

BMC Acta Medica Okayama 1471-2407 25 1 2025 Predictive marker for response to trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer patients 1 EN Toshiaki Takahashi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kunitoshi Shigeyasu Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshitaka Kondo Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Sho Takeda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hibiki Umeda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuya Moriwake Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masashi Kayano Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuya Sakurai Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shunsuke Nakamura Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masafumi Takahashi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kaori Nitta Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuhiro Yoshida Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Matsumi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Michiue Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University Hideki Yamamoto Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Kishimoto Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Fuminori Teraishi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ryohei Shoji Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nobuhiko Kanaya Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hajime Kashima Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshihiko Kakiuchi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shinji Kuroda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shunsuke Kagawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Objective Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) is one of the options for late-line treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the specific patient populations that would particularly benefit from it remain unclear. This study attempted to identify predictive markers of chemotherapy efficacy with trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI), focusing on the RNA-editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) expression and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Methods To assess the effectiveness of FTD/TPI in CRC patients, we retrospectively analyzed 72 CRC patients at Okayama University Hospital from 2014 to 2022. Results Adding bevacizumab to FTD/TPI resulted in a more prolonged progression-free survival (PFS), consistent with the SUNLIGHT study findings (p = 0.0028). Among the participants, those with a high NLR had a shorter PFS (p = 0.0395). Moreover, high ADAR1 expression was associated with longer PFS (p = 0.0151). In multivariate analysis, low ADAR1 (HR = 3.43, p = 0.01) and absence of bevacizumab (HR = 4.25, p = 0.01) were identified as factors shortening PFS. The high ADAR1 group demonstrated fewer cases of progressive disease and a higher proportion of stable disease than the low ADAR1 group (p = 0.0288). Low NLR and high ADAR1 were predictive markers of prolonged PFS in the bevacizumab-treated group (p = 0.0036). ConclusionLow NLR and high ADAR1 were predictive markers for a positive response to the FTD/TPI plus bevacizumab regimen associated with prolonged PFS. The FTD/TPI plus bevacizumab regimen should be proactively implemented in the low NLR and high ADAR1 subgroups. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0941-1291 2024 Optimization of workflow processes for sustainable paternal involvement: case study of an academic “daddy surgeon” in Japan EN Nobuhiko Kanaya Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Shinji Kuroda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Yoshitaka Kondo Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Yuko Takehara Department of Surgery, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital Yoshihiko Kakiuchi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Hitoshi Minagi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Masaki Sakamoto Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Shunsuke Kagawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Hitomi Kataoka Integrated Clinical Education Center, Kyoto University Hospital Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Work–life balance is often discussed in Japan. Yet surgeons find it challenging to take paternity leave because of their demanding surgical duties and a strong sense of responsibility. One Japanese male surgeon had his first paternity experience as a research fellow in the US. When he returned to Japan, he resumed his surgical training and started a research project to become an academic surgeon. When he and his wife were expecting their second child, they discussed his paternity participation before the delivery and decided on a sustainable paternity participation plan. By coordinating his responsibilities with his co-workers, he limited his attendance at work to daytime hours only for 1 month to manage paternity duties. This adjustment did not affect the number of main and assistant operations conducted that month and effective optimization of workflow processes decreased the extra workload for other team members. His experience suggests that the optimization of workflow processes can enhance personal life, including paternity participation. (150/150). No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 2047-9980 13 22 2024 Eight-Year Outcomes of Cardiosphere-Derived Cells in Single Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease e038137 EN Kenta Hirai Department of Pediatrics Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ryusuke Sawada Department of Pharmacology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomohiro Hayashi Department of Pediatrics Kurashiki Central Hospital Toru Araki Department of Pediatrics National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center Naomi Nakagawa Department of Pediatric Cardiology Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital Maiko Kondo Department of Pediatrics Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kenji Yasuda Department of Pediatrics Shimane University Faculty of Medicine Takuya Hirata Department of Pediatrics Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Tomoyuki Sato Department of Pediatrics Jichi Medical University Yuki Nakatsuka Department of Data Science, Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine Okayama University Hospital Michihiro Yoshida Department of Data Science, Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine Okayama University Hospital Shingo Kasahara Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kenji Baba Department of Pediatrics Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hidemasa Oh Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine Okayama University Hospital the TICAP/PERSEUS Study Group Background: Cardiosphere‐derived cell (CDC) infusion was associated with better clinical outcomes at 2 years in patients with single ventricle heart disease. The current study investigates time‐to‐event outcomes at 8 years. Methods and Results: This cohort enrolled patients with single ventricles who underwent stage 2 or stage 3 palliation from January 2011 to January 2015 at 8 centers in Japan. The primary outcomes were time‐dependent CDC treatment effects on death and late complications during 8 years of follow‐up, assessed by restricted mean survival time. Among 93 patients enrolled (mean age, 2.3±1.3 years; 56% men), 40 received CDC infusion. Overall survival for CDC‐treated versus control patients did not differ at 8 years (hazard ratio [HR], 0.60 [95% CI, 0.21–1.77]; P=0.35). Treatment effect had nonproportional hazards for death favoring CDCs at 4 years (restricted mean survival time difference +0.33 years [95% CI, 0.01–0.66]; P=0.043). In patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, CDC treatment effect on survival was greater over 8 years (restricted mean survival time difference +1.58 years [95% CI, 0.05–3.12]; P=0.043). Compared with control participants, CDC‐treated patients showed lower incidences of late failure (HR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.21–0.93]; P=0.027) and adverse events (subdistribution HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.27–0.94]; P=0.036) at 8 years. Conclusions: By 8 years, CDC infusion was associated with lower hazards of late failure and adverse events in single ventricle heart disease. CDC treatment effect on survival was notable by 4 years and showed a durable clinical benefit in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction over 8 years. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifiers: NCT01273857 and NCT01829750. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Acta Medica Okayama 2198-7793 10 1 2024 Primary ileal myeloid sarcoma presenting with bowel obstruction: a case report 229 EN Hitoshi Minagi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Nobuhiko Kanaya Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Yoshitaka Kondo Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Yoshihiko Kakiuchi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Shinji Kuroda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Ryohei Shoji Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Hajime Kashima Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Yuki Matsumi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Satoru Kikuchi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Kunitoshi Shigeyasu Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Fuminori Teraishi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Shunsuke Kagawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Background Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is an extramedullary tumor constituted by myeloid blasts or immature myeloid cells. It frequently occurs in conjunction with acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, it can exceptionally manifest in patients without leukemia. Here, we present a rare case of primary MS originating in the small bowel without evidence of bone marrow involvement. Case representation A 33 year-old female with no relevant medical history was admitted to our hospital with recurrent abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) revealed bowel obstruction due to thickening of the ileum wall, which was suspected to be an ileal tumor. Initially, ectopic endometriosis was suspected because of abdominal pain associated with the menstrual cycle and changes observed on a follow-up CT scan. The lesion could not be detected by double-balloon endoscopy. Despite conservative treatment, the obstruction persisted, and laparoscopic partial ileal resection was performed, which revealed extensive involvement of the ileum and mesentery. Additionally, the mesentery of the resected ileum was extremely thickened. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the surgical specimen indicated ileal MS. Bone marrow aspiration after discharge was negative for cytological findings of leukemia, leading to a final diagnosis of primary ileal MS. Her postoperative course was uneventful, and she is currently undergoing systemic chemotherapy tailored to AML at another hospital. Conclusions Even though MS of the small bowel is rare and may not be considered preoperatively, similar surgical treatment to that of other small bowel malignancies can ensure proper postoperative diagnosis and appropriate chemotherapy. Given the potential need for chemotherapy, ensuring surgical safety that allows for its rapid initiation is critical. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Society for Microbiology Acta Medica Okayama 2379-5042 9 8 2024 New lineages of RNA viruses from clinical isolates of Rhizopus microsporus revealed by fragmented and primer-ligated dsRNA sequencing (FLDS) analysis EN Wasiatus Sa'diyah Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Yan-Jie Zhao Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Fungal Interaction and Molecular Biology (Donated by IFO), University of Tsukuba Yuto Chiba Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Fungal Interaction and Molecular Biology (Donated by IFO), University of Tsukuba Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Sayaka Ban Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University Takashi Yaguchi Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University Syun-Ichi Urayama Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Fungal Interaction and Molecular Biology (Donated by IFO), University of Tsukuba Daisuke Hagiwara Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Fungal Interaction and Molecular Biology (Donated by IFO), University of Tsukuba Rhizopus microsporus is a species in the order Mucorales that is known to cause mucormycosis, but it is poorly understood as a host of viruses. Here, we examined 25 clinical strains of R. microsporus for viral infection with a conventional double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) assay using agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and the recently established fragmented and primer-ligated dsRNA sequencing (FLDS) protocol. By AGE, five virus-infected strains were detected. Then, full-length genomic sequences of 12 novel RNA viruses were revealed by FLDS, which were related to the families Mitoviridae, Narnaviridae, and Endornaviridae, ill-defined groups of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses with similarity to the established families Virgaviridae and Phasmaviridae, and the proposed family "Ambiguiviridae." All the characterized viruses, except a potential phasmavirid with a negative-sense RNA genome, had positive-sense RNA genomes. One virus belonged to a previously established species within the family Mitoviridae, whereas the other 11 viruses represented new species or even new genera. These results show that the fungal pathogen R. microsporus harbors diverse RNA viruses and extend our understanding of the diversity of RNA viruses in the fungal order Mucorales, division Mucoromycota. Identifying RNA viruses from clinical isolates of R. microsporus may expand the repertoire of natural therapeutic agents for mucormycosis in the future. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0172-0643 46 6 2024 Pulmonary Flow Management by Combination Therapy of Hemostatic Clipping and Balloon Angioplasty for Right Ventricular-Pulmonary Artery Shunt in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome 1635 1642 EN Yusuke Shigemitsu Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Maiko Kondo Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Yoshihiko Kurita Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Yosuke Fukushima Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Yuya Kawamoto Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Kenta Hirai Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Mayuko Hara Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Tomoyuki Kanazawa Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Okayama University Hospital Tatsuo Iwasaki Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Okayama University Hospital Shingo Kasahara Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Okayama University Hospital Koichi Kataoka Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Hirokazu Tsukahara Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Kenji Baba Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Controlling pulmonary blood flow in patients who have undergone Norwood palliation, especially early postoperatively, is challenging due to a change in the balance of systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance. We applied a combination therapy of clipping and balloon angioplasty for right ventricle―pulmonary artery (RV-PA) shunt to control pulmonary blood flow, but the influence of the combination therapy on the PA condition is uncertain. Retrospectively analysis was conducted of all infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who had undergone Norwood palliation with RV-PA shunt at Okayama University Hospital from January 2008 to September 2022. A total of 50 consecutive patients underwent Norwood palliation with RV-PA shunt in this study period. Of them, 29 patients underwent RV-PA shunt flow clipping, and the remaining 21 had unclipped RV-PA shunt. Twenty-three patients underwent balloon angioplasty for RV-PA shunt with clips. After balloon angioplasty, oxygen saturation significantly increased from 69 (59–76)% to 80 (72–86)% (p < 0.001), and the narrowest portion of the clipped conduit significantly improved from 2.8 (1.8–3.4) to 3.8 (2.9–4.6) mm (p < 0.001). In cardiac catheterizations prior to Bidirectional cavo-pulmonary shunt (BCPS), there were no significant differences in pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs), ventricular end-diastolic pressure, Nakata index, arterial saturation, mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance index. On the other hand, in Cardiac catheterizations prior to Fontan, Nakata index was larger in the clipped group (p = 0.02). There was no statistically significant difference in the 5-year survival between the two groups (clipped group 96%, unclipped group 74%, log-rank test: p = 0.13). At least, our combination therapy of clipping and balloon angioplasty for RV-PA shunt did not negatively impact PA growth. Although there is a trend toward better but not statistically significant difference in outcomes in the clipped group compared to the non-clipped group, this treatment strategy may play an important role in improving outcomes in hypoplastic left heart syndrome. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

National Academy of Sciences Acta Medica Okayama 0027-8424 121 25 2024 Argonaute-independent, Dicer-dependent antiviral defense against RNA viruses e2322765121 EN Yukiyo Sato Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) is conserved from yeasts to mammals. Dicer recognizes and cleaves virus-derived double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and/or structured single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) into small-interfering RNAs, which guide effector Argonaute to homologous viral RNAs for digestion and inhibit virus replication. Thus, Argonaute is believed to be essential for antiviral RNAi. Here, we show Argonaute-independent, Dicer-dependent antiviral defense against dsRNA viruses using Cryphonectria parasitica (chestnut blight fungus), which is a model filamentous ascomycetous fungus and hosts a variety of viruses. The fungus has two dicer-like genes (dcl1 and dcl2) and four argonaute-like genes (agl1 to agl4). We prepared a suite of single to quadruple agl knockout mutants with or without dcl disruption. We tested these mutants for antiviral activities against diverse dsRNA viruses and ssRNA viruses. Although both DCL2 and AGL2 worked as antiviral players against some RNA viruses, DCL2 without argonaute was sufficient to block the replication of other RNA viruses. Overall, these results indicate the existence of a Dicer-alone defense and different degrees of susceptibility to it among RNA viruses. We discuss what determines the great difference in susceptibility to the Dicer-only defense. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

National Academy of Sciences Acta Medica Okayama 0027-8424 121 25 2024 Replication of single viruses across the kingdoms, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia e2318150121 EN Paul Telengech Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Kiwamu Hyodo Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Hiroaki Ichikawa Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Ryusei Kuwata Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science Hideki Kondo Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University It is extremely rare that a single virus crosses host barriers across multiple kingdoms. Based on phylogenetic and paleovirological analyses, it has previously been hypothesized that single members of the family Partitiviridae could cross multiple kingdoms. Partitiviridae accommodates members characterized by their simple bisegmented double-stranded RNA genome; asymptomatic infections of host organisms; the absence of an extracellular route for entry in nature; and collectively broad host range. Herein, we show the replicability of single fungal partitiviruses in three kingdoms of host organisms: Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Betapartitiviruses of the phytopathogenic fungusRosellinia necatrix could replicate in protoplasts of the carrot (Daucus carota), Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum, in some cases reaching a level detectable by agarose gel electrophoresis. Moreover, betapartitiviruses showed more robust replication than the tested alphapartitiviruses. One of the fungal betapartitiviruses, RnPV18, could persistently and stably infect carrot plants regenerated from virion-transfected protoplasts. Both alpha- and betapartitiviruses, although with different host preference, could replicate in two insect cell lines derived from the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Our results indicate the replicability of single partitiviruses in members of three kingdoms and provide insights into virus adaptation, host jumping, and evolution. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Public Library of Science Acta Medica Okayama 1932-6203 19 2 2024 Fluorescence-guided assessment of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas for predicting the efficacy of telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus e0298292 EN Koji Uotani Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroshi Tazawa Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Joe Hasei Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomohiro Fujiwara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Aki Yoshida Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasuaki Yamakawa Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshinori Omori Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuhisa Sugiu Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tadashi Komatsubara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroya Kondo Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takuya Morita Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masahiro Kiyono Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Suguru Yokoo Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiaki Hata Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyuki Kunisada Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ken Takeda Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasuo Urata Oncolys BioPharma, Inc. Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Bone and soft-tissue sarcomas are rare malignancies with histological diversity and tumor heterogeneity, leading to the lack of a common molecular target. Telomerase is a key enzyme for keeping the telomere length and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression is often activated in most human cancers, including bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. For targeting of telomerase-positive tumor cells, we developed OBP-301, a telomerase-specific replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus, in which the hTERT promoter regulates adenoviral E1 gene for tumor-specific viral replication. In this study, we present the diagnostic potential of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing oncolytic adenovirus OBP-401 for assessing virotherapy sensitivity using bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. OBP-401-mediated GFP expression was significantly associated with the therapeutic efficacy of OBP-401 in human bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. In the tumor specimens from 68 patients, malignant and intermediate tumors demonstrated significantly higher expression levels of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and hTERT than benign tumors. OBP-401-mediated GFP expression was significantly increased in malignant and intermediate tumors with high expression levels of CAR and hTERT between 24 and 48 h after infection. Our results suggest that the OBP-401-based GFP expression system is a useful tool for predicting the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy on bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学文学部学芸員課程 Acta Medica Okayama 6 2016 学芸員課程 Newsletter 第6号 EN 10.18926/66809 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0304-8608 167 12 2022 Identification of novel totiviruses from the ascomycetous fungus Geotrichum candidum 2833 2838 EN Haris Ahmed Khan Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Sabitree Shahi Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Muhammad Faraz Bhatti Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Mycoviruses are widely distributed across the kingdom Fungi, including ascomycetous yeast strains of the class Saccharomycetes. Geotrichum candidum is an important fungal pathogen belonging to Saccharomycetes and has a diverse host range. Here, we report the characterization of four new classical totiviruses from two distinct Geotrichum candidum strains from Pakistan. The four identified viruses were tentatively named “Geotrichum candidum totivirus 1, 2, 3a, and 3b” (GcTV1-3b). The complete dsRNA genomes of the identified totiviruses are 4621, 4592, 4576, and 4576 bp in length, respectively. All totivirus genomes have two open reading frames, encoding a capsid protein (CP) and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), respectively. The downstream RdRP domain is assumed to be expressed as a CP-RdRP fusion product via -1 frameshifting mediated by a heptameric slippery site. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis showed that each of the discovered viruses belongs to a new species of the genus Totivirus in the family Totiviridae, with GcTV1 and GcTV3 (a and b strains) clustering in one subgroup and GcTV2 in another subgroup. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Nature Portfolio Acta Medica Okayama 2045-2322 13 1 2023 ADAR1 is a promising risk stratification biomarker of remnant liver recurrence after hepatic metastasectomy for colorectal cancer 2078 EN Nanako Hata Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kunitoshi Shigeyasu Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuzo Umeda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shuya Yano Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Sho Takeda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuhiro Yoshida Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomokazu Fuji Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ryuichi Yoshida Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuya Yasui Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hibiki Umeda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiaki Takahashi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshitaka Kondo Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Kishimoto Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshiko Mori Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Fuminori Teraishi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hideki Yamamoto Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Michiue Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University Keiichiro Nakamura Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroshi Tazawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is a process mediated by adenosine deaminases that act on the RNA (ADAR) gene family. It has been discovered recently as an epigenetic modification dysregulated in human cancers. However, the clinical significance of RNA editing in patients with liver metastasis from colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The current study aimed to systematically and comprehensively investigate the significance of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) expression status in 83 liver metastatic tissue samples collected from 36 patients with CRC. The ADAR1 expression level was significantly elevated in liver metastatic tissue samples obtained from patients with right-sided, synchronous, or RAS mutant-type CRC. ADAR1-high liver metastasis was significantly correlated with remnant liver recurrence after hepatic metastasectomy. A high ADAR1 expression was a predictive factor of remnant liver recurrence (area under the curve = 0.72). Results showed that the ADAR1 expression level could be a clinically relevant predictive indicator of remnant liver recurrence. Patients with liver metastases who have a high ADAR1 expression requires adjuvant chemotherapy after hepatic metastasectomy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2023 Fracture Line Distribution of Undisplaced Distal Radius Fractures in Relation to Rupture of the Extensor Pollicis Longus Tendon EN Hidenori KONDO Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 77 1 2023 A Case Report of Non-typical Annular Pancreas Diagnosed during Laparoscopic Gastric Surgery 91 95 EN Toshiaki Takahashi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshihiko Kakiuchi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Satoru Kikuch Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shinji Kuroda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Sho Takeda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kunitoshi Shigeyasu Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshitaka Kondo Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Fuminori Teraishi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shunsuke Kagawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Case Report 10.18926/AMO/64368 An annular pancreas is a rare anomaly of the pancreas, defined as pancreatic tissue that totally or partly encircles the duodenum, usually the descending portion. A 76-year-old man who was diagnosed with gastric cancer cT3N0M0 Stage IIB underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. Intraoperatively, the dorsal half of the duodenal bulb was seen to be half surrounded by the pancreas, and a non-typical annular pancreas was diagnosed. Because of the risk to the pancreas, it was considered impossible to perform anastomosis by a linear stapler as in the usual laparoscopic procedure. Therefore, we performed laparoscopically assisted distal gastrectomy and Billroth-I reconstruction using a circular stapler, and the surgery was completed without difficulties. His postoperative course was good despite the development of a pancreatic fistula, which was an International Study Group for Pancreas Fistula biochemical leak. Some APs can be diagnosed preoperatively, but the rarer subtypes such as ours are more difficult to visualize on imaging. In gastrectomy, it is both oncologically important and technically challenging to perform lymph node dissection around the pancreas. In this case with an especially proximal pancreas, a circular stapler was considered better suited for gastroduodenal anastomosis and required a broader field than that afforded by laparoscopy. A case of non-typical annular pancreas diagnosed during laparoscopic gastric surgery is described. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センター Acta Medica Okayama 0910-8742 41 2019 モモ‘紅清水’における赤肉果の音響振動法による非破壊判別技術の検討 9 13 EN Fumio Fukuda Ken Hirano Kunihisa Morinaga No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI Acta Medica Okayama 2073-4409 11 22 2022 Natural Cross-Kingdom Spread of Apple Scar Skin Viroid from Apple Trees to Fungi 3686 EN Mengyuan Tian State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University Shuang Wei State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University Ruiling Bian State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University Jingxian Luo State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University Haris Ahmed Khan State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University Huanhuan Tai College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Ahmed Hadidi U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Ida Bagus Andika College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University Liying Sun Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Viroids are the smallest known infectious agents that are thought to only infect plants. Here, we reveal that several species of plant pathogenic fungi that were isolated from apple trees infected with apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) carried ASSVd naturally. This finding indicates the spread of viroids to fungi under natural conditions and further suggests the possible existence of mycoviroids in nature. A total of 117 fungal isolates were isolated from ASSVd-infected apple trees, with the majority (85.5%) being an ascomycete Alternaria alternata and the remaining isolates being other plant-pathogenic or -endophytic fungi. Out of the examined samples, viroids were detected in 81 isolates (69.2%) including A. alternata as well as other fungal species. The phenotypic comparison of ASSVd-free specimens developed by single-spore isolation and ASSVd-infected fungal isogenic lines showed that ASSVd affected the growth and pathogenicity of certain fungal species. ASSVd confers hypovirulence on ascomycete Epicoccum nigrum. The mycobiome analysis of apple tree-associated fungi showed that ASSVd infection did not generally affect the diversity and structure of fungal communities but specifically increased the abundance of Alternaria species. Taken together, these data reveal the occurrence of the natural spread of viroids to plants; additionally, as an integral component of the ecosystem, viroids may affect the abundance of certain fungal species in plants. Moreover, this study provides further evidence that viroid infection could induce symptoms in certain filamentous fungi. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Society for Microbiology Acta Medica Okayama 2150-7511 2022 Three-Layered Complex Interactions among Capsidless (+)ssRNA Yadokariviruses, dsRNA Viruses, and a Fungus EN Yukiyo Sato Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Sakae Hisano Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Carlos Jose Lopez-Herrera Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible C.S.I.C., Alameda del Obispo Hideki Kondo Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University We have previously discovered a virus neo-lifestyle exhibited by a capsidless positive-sense (+), single-stranded (ss) RNA virus YkV1 (family Yadokariviridae) and an unrelated double-stranded (ds) RNA virus YnV1 (proposed family "Yadonushiviridae") in a phytopathogenic ascomycete, Rosellinia necatrix. YkV1 has been proposed to replicate in the capsid provided by YnV1 as if it were a dsRNA virus and enhance YnV1 replication in return. Recently, viruses related to YkV1 (yadokariviruses) have been isolated from diverse ascomycetous fungi. However, it remains obscure whether such viruses generally show the YkV1-like lifestyle. Here, we identified partner viruses for three distinct yadokariviruses, YkV3, YkV4a, and YkV4b, isolated from R. necatrix that were coinfected with multiple dsRNA viruses phylogenetically distantly related to YnV1. We first established transformants of R. necatrix carrying single yadokarivirus cDNAs and fused them with infectants by single partner candidate dsRNA viruses. Consequently, YkV3 and YkV4s replicated only in the presence of RnMBV3 (family Megabirnaviridae) and RnMTV1 (proposed family "Megatotiviridae"), respectively. The partners were mutually interchangeable between the two YkV4 strains and three RnMTV1 strains but not between other combinations involving YkV1 or YkV3. In contrast to YkV1 enhancing YnV1 accumulation, YkV4s reduced RnMTV1 accumulation to different degrees according to strains. Interestingly, YkV4 rescued the host R. necatrix from impaired growth induced by RnMTV1. YkV3 exerted no apparent effect on its partner (RnMBV3) or host fungus. Overall, we revealed that while yadokariviruses generally require partner dsRNA viruses for replication, each yadokarivirus partners with a different dsRNA virus species in the three diverse families and shows a distinct symbiotic relation in a fungus. IMPORTANCE A capsidless (+)ssRNA virus YkV1 (family Yadokariviridae) highjacks the capsid of an unrelated dsRNA virus YnV1 (proposed family "Yadonushiviridae") in a phytopathogenic ascomycete, while YkV1 trans-enhances YnV1 replication. Herein, we identified the dsRNA virus partners of three yadokariviruses (YkV3, YkV4a, and YkV4b) with genome organization different from YkV1 as being different from YnV1 at the suborder level. Their partners were mutually interchangeable between the two YkV4 strains and three strains of the partner virus RnMTV1 (proposed family "Megatotiviridae") but not between other combinations involving YkV1 or YkV3. Unlike YkV1, YkV4s reduced RnMTV1 accumulation and rescued the host fungus from impaired growth induced by RnMTV1. YkV3 exerted no apparent effect on its partner (RnMBV3, family Megabirnaviridae) or host fungus. These revealed that while each yadokarivirus has a species-specific partnership with a dsRNA virus, yadokariviruses collectively partner extremely diverse dsRNA viruses and show three-layered complex mutualistic/antagonistic interactions in a fungus. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japanese Society for Lymphoreticular Tissue Research Acta Medica Okayama 1346-4280 62 3 2022 CD19 immunostaining of a stored paraffin-embedded vitrectomy cell block of intraocular lymphoma contributing to chimera antigen receptor T-cell therapy 187 189 EN Toshihiko Matsuo Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine (Ophthalmology), Okayama University Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems Takehiro Tanaka Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nobuharu Fujii Hematology/Oncology and Division of Blood Transfusion, Okayama University Hospital Kentaro Fujii Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Eisei Kondo Hematology/Oncology, Kawasaki Medical School No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI Acta Medica Okayama 1999-4915 14 8 2022 A Transfectable Fusagravirus from a Japanese Strain of Cryphonectria carpinicola with Spherical Particles 1722 EN Subha Das Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Sakae Hisano Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Ana Eusebio-Cope Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University A novel dsRNA virus (Cryphonectria carpinicola fusagravirus 1, CcFGV1), isolated from a Japanese strain (JS13) of Cryphonectria carpinicola, was thoroughly characterized. The biological comparison of a set of isogenic CcFGV1-infected and -free (JS13VF) strains indicated asymptomatic infection by CcFGV1. The sequence analysis showed that the virus has a two open reading frame (ORF) genome of 9.6 kbp with the RNA-directed RNA polymerase domain encoded by ORF2. The N-terminal sequencing and peptide mass fingerprinting showed an N-terminally processed or degraded product (150 kDa) of the 5'-proximal ORF1-encoded protein (1462 amino acids) to make up the CcFGV1 spherical particles of similar to 40 nm in diameter. Interestingly, a portion of CcFGV1 dsRNA co-fractionated with a host protein of 70 kDa. The purified CcFGV1 particles were used to transfect protoplasts of JS13VF as well as the standard strain of an experimental model filamentous fungal host Cryphonectria parasitica. CcFGV1 was confirmed to be associated with asymptomatic infection of both fungi. RNA silencing was shown to target the virus in C. parasitica, resulting in reduced CcFGV1 accumulation by comparing the CcFGV1 content between RNA silencing-competent and -deficient strains. These results indicate the transfectability of spherical particles of a fusagravirus associated with asymptomatic infection. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Nature Portfolio Acta Medica Okayama 2045-2322 12 1 2022 RNA editing facilitates the enhanced production of neoantigens during the simultaneous administration of oxaliplatin and radiotherapy in colorectal cancer 13540 EN Yasuhiro Komatsu Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kunitoshi Shigeyasu Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shuya Yano Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Sho Takeda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazutaka Takahashi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nanako Hata Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hibiki Umeda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuhiro Yoshida Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshiko Mori Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuya Yasui Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ryuichi Yoshida Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshitaka Kondo Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Kishimoto Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Fuminori Teraishi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuzo Umeda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shunsuke Kagawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Michiue Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University Hiroshi Tazawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ajay Goel Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Biomedical Research Center Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Most cases of colorectal cancers (CRCs) are microsatellite stable (MSS), which frequently demonstrate lower response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). RNA editing produces neoantigens by altering amino acid sequences. In this study, RNA editing was induced artificially by chemoradiation therapy (CRT) to generate neoantigens in MSS CRCs. Altogether, 543 CRC specimens were systematically analyzed, and the expression pattern of ADAR1 was investigated. In vitro and in vivo experiments were also performed. The RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 was upregulated in microsatellite instability-high CRCs, leading to their high affinity for ICIs. Although ADAR1 expression was low in MSS CRC, CRT including oxaliplatin (OX) treatment upregulated RNA editing levels by inducing ADAR1. Immunohistochemistry analyses showed the upregulation of ADAR1 in patients with CRC treated with CAPDX (capecitabine +OX) radiation therapy relative to ADAR1 expression in patients with CRC treated only by surgery (p <0.001). Compared with other regimens, CRT with OX effectively induced RNA editing in MSS CRC cell lines (HT29 and Caco2, p <0.001) via the induction of type 1 interferon-triggered ADAR1 expression. CRT with OX promoted the RNA editing of cyclin I, a neoantigen candidate. Neoantigens can be artificially induced by RNA editing via an OX-CRT regimen. CRT can promote proteomic diversity via RNA editing. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA Acta Medica Okayama 2235-2988 12 2022 Mycovirus Hunting Revealed the Presence of Diverse Viruses in a Single Isolate of the Phytopathogenic Fungus Diplodia seriata From Pakistan 913619 EN Haris Ahmed Khan Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Paul Telengech Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Muhammad Faraz Bhatti Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Diplodia seriata in the family Botryosphaeriaceae is a cosmopolitan phytopathogenic fungus and is responsible for causing cankers, fruit rot and leaf spots on economically important plants. In this study, we characterized the virome of a single Pakistani strain (L3) of D. seriata. Several viral-like contig sequences were obtained via a previously conducted next-generation sequencing analysis. Multiple infection of the L3 strain by eight RNA mycoviruses was confirmed through RT-PCR using total RNA samples extracted from this strain; the entire genomes were determined via Sanger sequencing of RT-PCR and RACE clones. A BLAST search and phylogenetic analyses indicated that these eight mycoviruses belong to seven different viral families. Four identified mycoviruses belong to double-stranded RNA viral families, including Polymycoviridae, Chrysoviridae, Totiviridae and Partitiviridae, and the remaining four identified mycoviruses belong to single-stranded RNA viral families, i.e., Botourmiaviridae, and two previously proposed families "Ambiguiviridae" and "Splipalmiviridae". Of the eight, five mycoviruses appear to represent new virus species. A morphological comparison of L3 and partially cured strain L3ht1 suggested that one or more of the three viruses belonging to Polymycoviridae, "Splipalmiviridae" and "Ambiguiviridae" are involved in the irregular colony phenotype of L3. To our knowledge, this is the first report of diverse virome characterization from D. seriata. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2022 Pretransplant Short-Term Exposure of Donor Graft Cells to ITK Selective Inhibitor Ameliorates Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease by Inhibiting Effector T Cell Differentiation while Sparing Regulatory T Cells EN Takumi Kondo Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 0168-1702 307 2 2022 A new tetra-segmented splipalmivirus with divided RdRP domains from Cryphonectria naterciae, a fungus found on chestnut and cork oak trees in Europe 198606 EN Yukiyo Sato Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Sabitree Shahi Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Paul Telengech Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Sakae Hisano Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Carolina Cornejo Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Health & Biotic Interactions Daniel Rigling Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Health & Biotic Interactions Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Positive-sense (+), single-stranded (ss) RNA viruses with divided RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) domains have been reported from diverse filamentous ascomycetes since 2020. These viruses are termed splipalmiviruses or polynarnaviruses and have been characterized largely at the sequence level, but ill-defined biologically. Cryphonectria naterciae, from which only one virus has been reported, is an ascomycetous fungus potentially plant-pathogenic to chestnut and oak trees. We molecularly characterized multiple viruses in a single Portuguese isolate (C0614) of C. naterciae, taking a metatranscriptomic and conventional double-stranded RNA approach. Among them are a novel splipalmivirus (Cryphonectria naterciae splipalmivirus 1, CnSpV1) and a novel fusagravirus (Cryphonectria naterciae fusagravirus 1, CnFGV1). This study focused on the former virus. CnSpV1 has a tetra-segmented, (+)ssRNA genome (RNA1 to RNA4). As observed for other splipalmiviruses reported in 2020 and 2021, the RdRP domain is separately encoded by RNA1 (motifs F, A and B) and RNA2 (motifs C and D). A hypothetical protein encoded by the 5′-proximal open reading frame of RNA3 shows similarity to a counterpart conserved in some splipalmiviruses. The other RNA3-encoded protein and RNA4-encoded protein show no similarity with known proteins in a blastp search. The tetra-segment nature was confirmed by the conserved terminal sequences of the four CnSpV1 segments (RNA1 to RNA4) and their 100% coexistence in over 100 single conidial isolates tested. The experimental introduction of CnSpV1 along with CnFGV1 into a virus free strain C0754 of C. naterciae vegetatively incompatible with C0614 resulted in no phenotypic alteration, suggesting asymptomatic infection. The protoplast fusion assay indicates a considerably narrow host range of CnSpV1, restricted to the species C. naterciae and C. carpinicola. This study contributes to better understanding of the molecular and biological properties of this unique group of viruses. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0304-8608 167 4 2022 A novel deltapartitivirus from red clover 1201 1204 EN Paul Telengech Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Sabitree Shahi Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University The family Partitiviridae has five genera, among which is the genus Deltapartitivirus. We report here the complete genome sequence of a deltapartitivirus from red clover, termed “red clover cryptic virus 3” (RCCV3). RCCV3 has a bisegmented double-stranded (ds) RNA genome. dsRNA1 and dsRNA2 are 1580 and 1589 nucleotides (nt) in length and are predicted to encode an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) and a capsid protein (CP), respectively. The RCCV3 RdRP shares the highest sequence identity with the RdRP of a previously reported deltapartitivirus, Medicago sativa deltapartitivirus 1 (MsDPV1) (76.5%), while the RCCV3 CP shows 50% sequence identity to the CP of MsDPV1. RdRP- and CP-based phylogenetic trees place RCCV3 into a clade of deltapartitiviruses. The sequence and phylogenetic analyses clearly indicate that RCCV3 represents a new species in the genus Deltapartitivirus. RCCV3 was detectable in all three tested cultivars of red clover. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0304-8608 167 2022 A novel victorivirus from the phytopathogenic fungus Neofusicoccum parvum 923 929 EN Haris Ahmed Khan Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Yukiyo Sato Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Atif Jamal Crop Diseases Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre Muhammad Faraz Bhatti Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Neofusicoccum parvum is an important plant-pathogenic ascomycetous fungus that causes trunk diseases in a variety of plants. A limited number of reports on mycoviruses from this fungus are available. Here, we report the characterization of a novel victorivirus, Neofusicoccum parvum victorivirus 3 (NpVV3). An agarose gel dsRNA profile of a Pakistani strain of N. parvum, NFN, showed a band of similar to 5 kbp that was not detectable in Japanese strains of N. parvum. Taking a high-throughput and Sanger sequencing approach, the complete genome sequence of NpVV3 was determined to be 5226 bp in length with two open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) that encode a capsid protein (CP) and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). The RdRP appears to be translated by a stop/restart mechanism facilitated by the junction sequence AUGucUGA, as is found in some other victoriviruses. BLASTp searches showed that NpVV3 CP and RdRP share the highest amino acid sequence identity (80.5% and 72.4%, respectively) with the corresponding proteins of NpVV1 isolated from a French strain of N. parvum. However, NpVV3 was found to be different from NpVV1 in its terminal sequences and the stop/restart facilitator sequence. NpVV3 particles similar to 35 nm in diameter were partially purified and used to infect an antiviral-RNA-silencing-deficient strain (Delta cl2) of an experimental ascomycetous fungal host, Cryphonectria parasitica. NpVV3 showed symptomless infection in the new host strain. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Group of Wild Plant Science, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Acta Medica Okayama 2022 Kondo Seed Collection EN Group of Wild Plant Science, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University 10.48696/63144 This is a catalogue of seed specimens collected by Dr Mantaro Kondo, the first director of the Ohara Shonokai Agricultural Research Institute(now Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University). It is based on the description on the label of the specimen bottle or test tube. You can view information on collection dates, Japanese names, scientific names and sources. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1345-2630 88 2 2022 Plant viruses and viroids in Japan 105 127 EN Shin-ichi Fuji Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University Tomofumi Mochizuki Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University Mitsuru Okuda Office of the President, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Shinya Tsuda Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry Satoshi Kagiwada Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University Ken-Taro Sekine Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus Masashi Ugaki Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo Keiko T. Natsuaki Tokyo University of Agriculture Masamichi Isogai Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University Tetsuo Maoka Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NIPP, NARO) Minoru Takeshita Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazak Nobuyuki Yoshikawa Agri-Innovation Center, Iwate University Kazuyuki Mise Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Takahide Sasaya 3 Department of Research Promotion, Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NIPP, NARO) Hideki Kondo Group of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Kenji Kubota Division of Core Technology for Pest Control Research, Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NIPP, NARO) Yasuyuki Yamaji Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Toru Iwanami Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture Kazusato Ohshima Department of Biological Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University Kappei Kobayashi Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University Tatsuji Hataya Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University Teruo Sano Hirosaki University Nobuhiro Suzuki Group of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University An increasing number of plant viruses and viroids have been reported from all over the world due largely to metavirogenomics approaches with technological innovation. Herein, the official changes of virus taxonomy, including the establishment of megataxonomy and amendments of the codes of virus classification and nomenclature, recently made by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses were summarized. The continued efforts of the plant virology community of Japan to index all plant viruses and viroids occurring in Japan, which represent 407 viruses, including 303 virus species and 104 unclassified viruses, and 25 viroids, including 20 species and 5 unclassified viroids, as of October 2021, were also introduced. These viruses and viroids are collectively classified into 81 genera within 26 families of 3 kingdoms (Shotokuvirae, Orthornavirae, Pararnavirae) across 2 realms (Monodnaviria and Riboviria). This review also overviewed how Japan’s plant virus/viroid studies have contributed to advance virus/viroid taxonomy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Frontiers Media SA Acta Medica Okayama 1664-302X 12 2021 Identification of a Novel Quinvirus in the Family Betaflexiviridae That Infects Winter Wheat 715545 EN Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Naoto Yoshida Agricultural Research Institute, HOKUREN Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives Miki Fujita Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Kazuyuki Maruyama Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Kiwamu Hyodo Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Hiroshi Hisano Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Tetsuo Tamada Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Ida Bagus Andika College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Yellow mosaic disease in winter wheat is usually attributed to the infection by bymoviruses or furoviruses; however, there is still limited information on whether other viral agents are also associated with this disease. To investigate the wheat viromes associated with yellow mosaic disease, we carried out de novo RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of symptomatic and asymptomatic wheat-leaf samples obtained from a field in Hokkaido, Japan, in 2018 and 2019. The analyses revealed the infection by a novel betaflexivirus, which tentatively named wheat virus Q (WVQ), together with wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV, a bymovirus) and northern cereal mosaic virus (a cytorhabdovirus). Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analyses showed that the WVQ strains (of which there are at least three) were related to the members of the genus Foveavirus in the subfamily Quinvirinae (family Betaflexiviridae). In the phylogenetic tree, they form a clade distant from that of the foveaviruses, suggesting that WVQ is a member of a novel genus in the Quinvirinae. Laboratory tests confirmed that WVQ, like WYMV, is potentially transmitted through the soil to wheat plants. WVQ was also found to infect rye plants grown in the same field. Moreover, WVQ-derived small interfering RNAs accumulated in the infected wheat plants, indicating that WVQ infection induces antiviral RNA silencing responses. Given its common coexistence with WYMV, the impact of WVQ infection on yellow mosaic disease in the field warrants detailed investigation. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0304-8608 166 2021 A second capsidless hadakavirus strain with 10 positive-sense single-stranded RNA genomic segments from Fusarium nygamai 2711 2722 EN Haris Ahmed Khan Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Yukiyo Sato Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Atif Jamal Crop Diseases Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre Muhammad Faraz Bhatti Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University A unique capsidless virus with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome (hadakavirus 1, HadV1), a member of the extended picorna-like supergroup, was isolated previously from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Here, we describe the molecular and biological characterisation of a second hadakavirus strain from Fusarium nygamai, which has not been investigated in detail previously as a virus host. This virus, hadakavirus 1 strain 1NL (HadV1-1NL), has features similar to the first hadakavirus, HadV1-7n, despite having a different number of segments (10 for HadV1-1NL vs. 11 for HadV1-7n). The 10 genomic RNA segments of HadV1-1NL range in size from 0.9 kb to 2.5 kb. All HadV1-1NL segments show 67% to 86% local nucleotide sequence identity to their HadV1-7n counterparts, whereas HadV1-1NL has no homolog of HadV1-7n RNA8, which encodes a zinc-finger motif. Another interesting feature is the possible coding incapability of HadV1-1NL RNA10. HadV1-1NL was predicted to be capsidless based on the RNase A susceptibility of its replicative form dsRNA. Phenotypic comparison of multiple virus-infected and virus-free single-spore isolates indicated asymptomatic infection by HadV1-1NL. Less-efficient vertical transmission via spores was observed as the infected fungal colonies from which the spores were derived became older, as was observed for HadV1-7n. This study shows a second example of a hadakavirus that appears to have unusual features. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0344-5704 88 3 2021 Oncolytic virotherapy reverses chemoresistance in osteosarcoma by suppressing MDR1 expression 513 524 EN Kazuhisa Sugiu Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroshi Tazawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Joe Hasei Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasuaki Yamakawa Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toshinori Omori Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tadashi Komatsubara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yusuke Mochizuki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroya Kondo Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shuhei Osaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomohiro Fujiwara Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Aki Yoshida Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyuki Kunisada Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Koji Ueda Project for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research Yasuo Urata Oncolys BioPharma, Inc Shunsuke Kagawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumor primarily affecting children and adolescents. The prognosis of chemotherapy-refractory OS patients is poor. We developed a tumor suppressor p53–expressing oncolytic adenovirus (OBP-702) that exhibits antitumor effects against human OS cells. Here, we demonstrate the chemosensitizing effect of OBP-702 in human OS cells. Materials and methods The in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of doxorubicin (DOX) and OBP-702 were assessed using parental and DOX-resistant OS cells (U2OS, MNNG/HOS) and a DOX-resistant MNNG/HOS xenograft tumor model. Results DOX-resistant OS cells exhibited high multidrug resistant 1 (MDR1) expression, which was suppressed by OBP-702 or MDR1 siRNA, resulting in enhanced DOX-induced apoptosis. Compared to monotherapy, OBP-702 and DOX combination therapy significantly suppressed tumor growth in the DOX-resistant MNNG/HOS xenograft tumor model. Conclusion Our results suggest that MDR1 is attractive therapeutic target for chemoresistant OS. Tumor-specific virotherapy is thus a promising strategy for reversing chemoresistance in OS patients via suppression of MDR1 expression. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japanese Society of Internal Medicine Acta Medica Okayama 0918-2918 60 11 2021 Two Cases of Endometriosis in the Cecum Detected by Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography with Air/Carbon Dioxide Insufflation 1697 1701 EN Masaya Iwamuro Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Takehiro Tanaka Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuusaku Sugihara International Sugihara Eye-Medical Clinic, Japan and ４Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Keita Harada Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Sakiko Hiraoka Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshitaka Kondo Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Okada Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences We herein report two patients with endometriosis in the cecum. Both patients presented with a protruding, subepithelial tumor on colonoscopy and were diagnosed with cecal endometriosis after surgical resection. It is notable that the cecal lesions were not initially identified on computed tomography (CT), while CT colonography with air/carbon dioxide insufflation resulted in the detection of the cecal tumor. These cases highlight the possibility of false-negative results on conventional CT in patients with cecal endometriosis. We consider CT colonography with air/carbon dioxide insufflation useful for detecting cecal tumors in such cases. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 75 2 2021 Long-term Survival with a Rare Advanced Primary Gastrointestinal Malignant Melanoma Treated with Laparoscopic Surgery/Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor 231 238 EN Motochika Endo Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shuya Yano Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroaki Asano Department of Surgery, Mitoyo general Hospital Sho Takeda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Hamada Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshitaka Kondo Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shinji Kuroda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kunitoshi Shigeyasu Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Satoru Kikuchi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takehiro Tanaka Department of Pathology, Okayama University Hospital Fuminori Teraishi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masahiko Nishizaki Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shunsuke Kagawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Case Report 10.18926/AMO/61906 Targeted therapies for malignant melanoma have improved patients’ prognoses. A primary gastrointestinal malignant melanoma is very rare, with no standard treatment strategy. We treated a 78-year-old Japanese female with advanced primary gastrointestinal melanoma of the descending colon and gallbladder. We administered a multidisciplinary treatment: surgical resection of the descending colon and gallbladder tumors, resection of the metastatic lymph nodes behind the pancreas head, and immune checkpoint antibody-blockade therapy (nivolumab) for ~4 years. PET/CT demonstrated no recurrent lesion for > 3 years. Multidisciplinary therapies (e.g., surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, target therapy, and immune checkpoint antibody-blockade therapy) can successfully treat primary gastrointestinal malignant melanoma. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI Acta Medica Okayama 2072-6694 13 5 2021 Role of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Sarcomas 1086 EN Tomohiro Fujiwara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences John Healey Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Koichi Ogura Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Aki Yoshida Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroya Kondo Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiaki Hata Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Miho Kure Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroshi Tazawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Eiji Nakata Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyuki Kunisada Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Simple Summary Recent studies have shown the pro-tumoral role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) not only in major types of carcinomas but also in sarcomas. Several types of TAM-targeted drugs have been investigated under clinical trials, which may represent a novel therapeutic approach for bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. Sarcomas are complex tissues in which sarcoma cells maintain intricate interactions with their tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and have a dominant role as orchestrators of tumor-related inflammation. TAMs promote tumor growth and metastasis, stimulate angiogenesis, mediate immune suppression, and limit the antitumor activity of conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Evidence suggests that the increased infiltration of TAMs and elevated expression of macrophage-related genes are associated with poor prognoses in most solid tumors, whereas evidence of this in sarcomas is limited. Based on these findings, TAM-targeted therapeutic strategies, such as inhibition of CSF-1/CSF-1R, CCL2/CCR2, and CD47/SIRP alpha, have been developed and are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. While most of the therapeutic challenges that target sarcoma cells have been unsuccessful and the prognosis of sarcomas has plateaued since the 1990s, several clinical trials of these strategies have yielded promising results and warrant further investigation to determine their translational benefit in sarcoma patients. This review summarizes the roles of TAMs in sarcomas and provides a rationale and update of TAM-targeted therapy as a novel treatment approach for sarcomas. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学教師教育開発センター Acta Medica Okayama 2186-1323 11 2021 特別支援学校における自立活動を重視した遠隔授業のあり方―病弱児へのコロナ禍での実践を通して― 89 99 EN Shouta KONDOU Graduate School of Education (Professional Degree Course), Okayama University Shinnosuke KUMAGAI Graduate School of Education, Okayama University 10.18926/CTED/61567 病弱児に対して取り組んできた本遠隔授業実践を振り返ると，コロナ禍による課題の変化がうかがえた。すなわち，遠隔授業における課題は，「普及」から「授業内容の充実」へと変化し，さらに病弱児が継続した学習ができるような「自立した学びを支援する」ことが新たな課題となっていることがわかった。遠隔学習において学習者に対する自立した学びの支援は，特別支援教育における自立活動を促すことにつながることも示唆された。そのため，病弱児の遠隔授業においては，自立活動を重視した支援を行うことが重要といえる。具体的には，子どもと教師が一緒に遠隔学習の計画を立てたり，子ども自身が学習進度の自己評価を行ったりするなど，子どもが主体的に自身の学習をマネジメントすることが肝要である。また，病弱児の学びの環境を整備するためにも，特別支援教育コーディネーターと協働しながら関係機関と連携をとっていく必要がある。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI Acta Medica Okayama 2079-7737 10 2 2021 Identification of an RNA Silencing Suppressor Encoded by a Symptomless Fungal Hypovirus, Cryphonectria Hypovirus 4 100 EN Annisa Aulia Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Kiwamu Hyodo Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Sakae Hisano Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Bradley I. Hillman Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Previously, we have reported the ability of a symptomless hypovirus Cryphonectria hypovirus 4 (CHV4) of the chestnut blight fungus to facilitate stable infection by a co-infecting mycoreovirus 2 (MyRV2)―likely through the inhibitory effect of CHV4 on RNA silencing (Aulia et al., Virology, 2019). In this study, the N-terminal portion of the CHV4 polyprotein, termed p24, is identified as an autocatalytic protease capable of suppressing host antiviral RNA silencing. Using a bacterial expression system, CHV4 p24 is shown to cleave autocatalytically at the di-glycine peptide (Gly214-Gly215) of the polyprotein through its protease activity. Transgenic expression of CHV4 p24 in Cryphonectria parasitica suppresses the induction of one of the key genes of the antiviral RNA silencing, dicer-like 2, and stabilizes the infection of RNA silencing-susceptible virus MyRV2. This study shows functional similarity between CHV4 p24 and its homolog p29, encoded by the symptomatic prototype hypovirus CHV1. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Association for the Advancement of Science Acta Medica Okayama 1946-6234 12 573 2020 Cardiosphere-derived exosomal microRNAs for myocardial repair in pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy eabb3336 EN Kenta Hirai Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Daiki Ousaka Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yosuke Fukushima Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Maiko Kondo Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takahiro Eitoku Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yusuke Shigemitsu Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Mayuko Hara Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kenji Baba Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tatsuo Iwasaki Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shingo Kasahara Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shinichi Ohtsuki Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hidemasa Oh Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Although cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) improve cardiac function and outcomes in patients with single ventricle physiology, little is known about their safety and therapeutic benefit in children with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of CDCs in a porcine model of DCM and translate the preclinical results into this patient population. A swine model of DCM using intracoronary injection of microspheres created cardiac dysfunction. Forty pigs were randomized as preclinical validation of the delivery method and CDC doses, and CDC-secreted exosome (CDCex)–mediated cardiac repair was analyzed. A phase 1 safety cohort enrolled five pediatric patients with DCM and reduced ejection fraction to receive CDC infusion. The primary endpoint was to assess safety, and the secondary outcome measure was change in cardiac function. Improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial fibrosis were noted in animals treated with CDCs compared with placebo. These functional benefits were mediated via CDCex that were highly enriched with proangiogenic and cardioprotective microRNAs (miRNAs), whereas isolated CDCex did not recapitulate these reparative effects. One-year follow-up of safety lead-in stage was completed with favorable profile and preliminary efficacy outcomes. Increased CDCex-derived miR-146a-5p expression was associated with the reduction in myocardial fibrosis via suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and transcripts. Collectively, intracoronary CDC administration is safe and improves cardiac function through CDCex in a porcine model of DCM. The safety lead-in results in patients provide a translational framework for further studies of randomized trials and CDCex-derived miRNAs as potential paracrine mediators underlying this therapeutic strategy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier Acta Medica Okayama 0042-6822 554 2021 Cryphonectria nitschkei chrysovirus 1 with unique molecular features and a very narrow host range 55 62 EN Sabitree Shahi Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Sotaro Chiba Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Cryphonectria nitschkei chrysovirus 1 (CnCV1), was described earlier from an ascomycetous fungus, Cryphonectria nitschkei strain OB5/11, collected in Japan; its partial sequence was reported a decade ago. Complete sequencing of the four genomic dsRNA segments revealed molecular features similar to but distinct from previously reported members of the family Chrysoviridae. Unique features include the presence of a mini-cistron preceding the major large open reading frame in each genomic segment. Common features include the presence of CAA repeats in the 5′-untranslated regions and conserved terminal sequences. CnCV1-OB5/11 could be laterally transferred to C. nitschkei and its relatives C. radicalis and C. naterciae via coculturing, virion transfection and protoplast fusion, but not to fungal species other than the three species mentioned above, even within the genus Cryphonectria, suggesting a very narrow host range. Phenotypic comparison of a few sets of CnCV1-infected and -free isogenic strains showed symptomless infection in new hosts. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Nature Research Acta Medica Okayama 2041-1723 11 1 2020 Establishment of Neurospora crassa as a model organism for fungal virology 5627 EN Shinji Honda Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui Ana Eusebio-Cope Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Shuhei Miyashita Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University Ayumi Yokoyama Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui Annisa Aulia Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Sabitree Shahi Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa is used as a model organism for genetics, developmental biology and molecular biology. Remarkably, it is not known to host or to be susceptible to infection with any viruses. Here, we identify diverse RNA viruses in N. crassa and other Neurospora species, and show that N. crassa supports the replication of these viruses as well as some viruses from other fungi. Several encapsidated double-stranded RNA viruses and capsid-less positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses can be experimentally introduced into N. crassa protoplasts or spheroplasts. This allowed us to examine viral replication and RNAi-mediated antiviral responses in this organism. We show that viral infection upregulates the transcription of RNAi components, and that Dicer proteins (DCL-1, DCL-2) and an Argonaute (QDE-2) participate in suppression of viral replication. Our study thus establishes N. crassa as a model system for the study of host-virus interactions. The fungus Neurospora crassa is a model organism for the study of various biological processes, but it is not known to be infected by any viruses. Here, Honda et al. identify RNA viruses that infect N. crassa and examine viral replication and RNAi-mediated antiviral responses, thus establishing this fungus as a model for the study of host-virus interactions. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Acta Medica Okayama 0340-7004 70 2020 Telomerase-specific oncolytic immunotherapy for promoting efficacy of PD-1 blockade in osteosarcoma 1405 1417 EN Yusuke Mochizuki Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroshi Tazawa Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Koji Demiya Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Miho Kure Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroya Kondo Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tadashi Komatsubara Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuhisa Sugiu Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Joe Hasei Sports Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Aki Yoshida Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyuki Kunisada Medical Materials for Musculoskeletal Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Yasuo Urata Oncolys BioPharma, Inc, Shunsuke Kagawa Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshifumi Ozaki Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Immune checkpoint inhibitors including anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody have recently improved clinical outcome in certain cancer patients; however, osteosarcoma (OS) patients are refractory to PD-1 blockade. Oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as novel immunogenic therapy to augment antitumor immune response. We developed a telomerase-specific replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus OBP-502 that induces lytic cell death via binding to integrins. In this study, we assessed the combined effect of PD-1 blockade and OBP-502 in OS cells. The expression of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5, and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) was analyzed in two murine OS cells (K7M2, NHOS). The cytopathic activity of OBP-502 in both cells was analyzed using the XTT assay. OBP-502-induced immunogenic cell death was assessed by analyzing the level of extracellular ATP and high-mobility group box protein B1 (HMGB1). Subcutaneous tumor models for K7M2 and NHOS cells were used to evaluate the antitumor effect and number of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ cells in combination therapy. K7M2 and NHOS cells showed high expression of integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5, but not CAR. OBP-502 significantly suppressed the viability of both cells, in which PD-L1 expression and the release of ATP and HMGB1 were significantly increased. Intratumoral injection of OBP-502 significantly augmented the efficacy of PD-1 blockade on subcutaneous K2M2 and NHOS tumor models via enhancement of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Our results suggest that telomerase-specific oncolytic virotherapy is a promising antitumor strategy to promote the efficacy of PD-1 blockade in OS. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 132 2 2020 ホジキンリンパ腫の治療により神経症状の改善を認めた傍腫瘍性神経症候群の1 例 87 90 EN Ryosuke Ikemachi Department of Hematology, Okayama Red Cross Hospital Kaho Kondo Department of Hematology, Okayama Red Cross Hospital Akihumi Matumura Department of Hematology, Okayama Red Cross Hospital Soichiro Fujii Department of Hematology, Okayama Red Cross Hospital Makoto Takeuchi Department of Hematology, Okayama Red Cross Hospital Kouta Sato Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Koji Abe Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tadashi Yoshino Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences 　An 86-year-old man was admitted to another hospital with ataxia and general fatigue. Brain MRI scan revealed a high-intensity area in the bilateral thalamus, and he was referred to Okayama University Hospital for detailed examination. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood tests showed no evidence of infection or autoimmune encephalitis. An FDG-PET/CT scan revealed systemic lymphadenopathy, and cervical lymph node biopsy showed classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Neurological symptoms were suspicious of paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS), but onco-neural antibodies were not detected in either serum or CSF. He was referred to our hospital, Okayama Red Cross Hospital, for treatment and administered 6 cycles of an ABVD regimen, and an FDG-PET/CT scan showed a complete remission. The brain lesion disappeared and neurological symptoms were improved, so he was diagnosed with PNS. PNS is rare complication associated with malignant lymphoma and early diagnosis is important because neurological symptoms can be improved with anti-cancer treatment. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Frontiers Media Acta Medica Okayama 1664-302X 11 2020 Molecular Characterization of a Novel Polymycovirus From Penicillium janthinellum With a Focus on Its Genome-Associated PASrp 592789 EN Yukiyo Sato Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Atif Jamal Crop Diseases Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University The genus Polymycovirus of the family Polymycoviridae accommodates fungal RNA viruses with different genomic segment numbers (four, five, or eight). It is suggested that four members form no true capsids and one forms filamentous virus particles enclosing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In both cases, viral dsRNA is associated with a viral protein termed "proline-alanine-serine-rich protein" (PASrp). These forms are assumed to be the infectious entity. However, the detailed molecular characteristics of PASrps remain unclear. Here, we identified a novel five-segmented polymycovirus, Penicillium janthinellum polymycovirus 1 (PjPmV1), and characterized its purified fraction form in detail. The PjPmV1 had five dsRNA segments associated with PASrp. Density gradient ultracentrifugation of the PASrp-associated PjPmV1 dsRNA revealed its uneven structure and a broad fractionation profile distinct from that of typical encapsidated viruses. Moreover, PjPmV1-PASrp interacted in vitro with various nucleic acids in a sequence-non-specific manner. These PjPmV1 features are discussed in view of the diversification of genomic segment numbers of the genus Polymycovirus. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Acta Medica Okayama 0168-8162 30 1-3 2003 Orchid Fleck Virus: Brevipalpus californicus Mite Transmission, Biological Properties and Genome Structure 215 223 EN Hideki Kondo Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University Takanori Maeda Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University Tetsuo Tamada Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University Orchid fleck virus (OFV) causes necrotic or chlorotic ring spots and fleck symptoms in many orchid species world-wide. The virus has non-enveloped, bacilliform particles of about 40 nm × 100–150 nm and is sap-transmissible to several plant species. OFV is transmitted by the mite Brevipalpus californicus (Banks) in a persistent manner and efficiently transmitted by both adults and nymphs, but not by larvae. Viruliferous mites retain their infectivity for 3 weeks on a virus-immune host. The genome of OFV consists of two molecules of 6431 (RNA1) and 6001 nucleotides (RNA2). The RNAs have conserved and complementary terminal sequences. RNA1 contains five open reading frames (ORF), and RNA2 encodes a single ORF. Although some of the encoded proteins of OFV have sequences similar to those of proteins of plant rhabdoviruses, OFV differs from viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae in having a bipartite genome. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Acta Medica Okayama 0304-8608 154 1 2008 Identification and characterization of structural proteins of orchid fleck virus 37 45 EN Hideki Kondo Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University Takanori Maeda College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Tetsuo Tamada Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University Orchid fleck virus (OFV) has a bipartite negative-sense RNA genome with sequence similarities to plant rhabdoviruses. The non-enveloped bullet-shaped particles of OFV are similar to those of the internal ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-M protein structure of rhabdoviruses, but they are about half the size of typical plant rhabdoviruses. Purified preparations contained intact bullet-shaped and filamentous particles. The filamentous particles showed a tightly coiled coil structure or a coiled structure with a helical twist, which resembles the RNP complex of rhabdoviruses. OFV bullet-shaped particles were structurally stable in solutions containing 2% Triton X-100 and 0.8 M NaCl. Western blot analyses revealed that the bullet-shaped particles contained N, P and M proteins, while filamentous particles contained mainly N and P proteins. In addition, a small amount of the L protein was detected in both types of particles. Thus, the structural proteins of OFV have properties similar to those of rhabdoviruses, except that the particles are non-enveloped and are relatively resistant to detergent-treatment under high-salt conditions. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 0032-0862 70 1 2020 Pathogenetic roles of beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA5 in the exacerbation of symptoms and yield reduction, development of scab‐like symptoms, and Rz1‐resistance breaking in sugar beet 219 232 EN Tetsuo Tamada Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Hirokatsu Uchino Research Center, Nippon Beet Sugar Mfg. Co., Ltd. Toshimi Kusume Hokkaido Central Agricultural Experiment Station Minako Iketani‐Saito Hokkaido Central Agricultural Experiment Station Sotaro Chiba Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Ida Bagus Andika Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) generally has a four‐segmented positive‐sense RNA genome (RNAs 1–4), but some European and most Asian strains have an additional segment, RNA5. This study examined the effect of RNA5 and RNA3 on different sugar beet cultivars using a Polymyxa‐mediated inoculation system under field and laboratory conditions. In field tests, the degree of sugar yield served as an index for assessing the virulence of BNYVV strains. Japanese A‐II type isolates without RNA5 caused mostly 15%–90% sugar yield reductions, depending on the susceptibility of sugar beet cultivars, whereas the isolates with RNA5 induced more than 90% yield losses in the seven susceptible cultivars, but small yield losses in one Rz1‐resistant and Rizor cultivars. However, a laboratory‐produced isolate containing RNA5 but lacking RNA3 caused higher yield losses in Rizor than in susceptible plants, and induced scab‐like symptoms on the root surface of both susceptible and resistant plants. In laboratory tests, A‐II type isolates without RNA5 had low viral RNA accumulation levels in roots of Rizor and Rz1‐resistant plants at early stages of infection, but in the presence of RNA5, viral RNA3 accumulation levels increased remarkably. This increased RNA3 accumulation was not observed in roots of the WB42 accession with the Rz2 gene. In contrast, the presence of RNA3 did not affect RNA5 accumulation levels. Collectively, this study demonstrated that RNA5 is involved in the development of scab‐like symptoms and the enhancement of RNA3 accumulation, and suggests these characteristics of RNA5 are associated with Rz1‐resistance breaking. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier Acta Medica Okayama 0168-1702 244 2018 A neo-virus lifestyle exhibited by a (+)ssRNA virus hosted in an unrelated dsRNA virus: Taxonomic and evolutionary considerations 75 83 EN Sakae Hisano Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Rui Zhang Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Md. Iqbal Faruk Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Recent studies illustrate that fungi as virus hosts provides a unique platform for hunting viruses and exploring virus/virus and virus/host interactions. Such studies have revealed a number of as-yet-unreported viruses and virus/virus interactions. Among them is a unique intimate relationship between a (+)ssRNA virus, yado-kari virus (YkV1) and an unrelated dsRNA virus, yado-nushi virus (YnV1). YkV1 dsRNA, a replicated form of YkV1, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, are trans-encapsidated by the capsid protein of YnV1. While YnV1 can complete its replication cycle, YkV1 relies on YnV1 for its viability. We previously proposed a model in which YkV1 diverts YnV1 capsids as the replication sites. YkV1 is neither satellite virus nor satellite RNA, because YkV1 appears to encode functional RdRp and enhances YnV1 accumulation. This represents a unique mutualistic virus/virus interplay and similar relations in other virus/host fungus systems are detectable. We propose to establish the family Yadokariviridae that accommodates YkV1 and recently discovered viruses phylogenetically related to YkV1. This article overviews what is known and unknown about the YkV1/YnV1 interactions. Also discussed are the YnV1 Phytoreo_S7 and YkV1 2A-like domains that may have been captured via horizontal transfer during the course of evolution and are conserved across extant diverse RNA viruses. Lastly, evolutionary scenarios are envisioned for YkV1 and YnV1. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Nature Research Acta Medica Okayama 2058-5276 1 1 2016 A capsidless ssRNA virus hosted by an unrelated dsRNA virus 15001 EN Rui Zhang Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Sakae Hisano Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Akio Tani Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Hideki Kondo Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Satoko Kanematsu NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science Nobuhiro Suzuki Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Viruses typically encode the capsid that encases their genome, while satellite viruses do not encode a replicase and depend on a helper virus for their replication1. Here, we report interplay between two RNA viruses, yado-nushi virus 1 (YnV1) and yado-kari virus 1 (YkV1), in a phytopathogenic fungus, Rosellinia necatrix2. YkV1 has a close phylogenetic affinity to positive-sense, single-stranded (+)ssRNA viruses such as animal caliciviruses3, while YnV1 has an undivided double-stranded (ds) RNA genome with a resemblance to fungal totiviruses4. Virion transfection and infectious full-length cDNA transformation has shown that YkV1 depends on YnV1 for viability, although it probably encodes functional RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Immunological and molecular analyses have revealed trans-encapsidation of not only YkV1 RNA but also RdRp by the capsid protein of the other virus (YnV1), and enhancement of YnV1 accumulation by YkV1. This study demonstrates interplay in which the capsidless (+)ssRNA virus (YkV1), hijacks the capsid protein of the dsRNA virus (YnV1), and replicates as if it were a dsRNA virus. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Society for Microbiology Acta Medica Okayama 2150-7511 11 3 2020 Hadaka Virus 1: a Capsidless Eleven-Segmented Positive-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Virus from a Phytopathogenic Fungus, Fusarium oxysporum e00450-20 EN Yukiyo Sato Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Wajeeha Shamsi Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Atif Jamal Crop Diseases Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre Muhammad Faraz Bhatti Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University The search for viruses infecting fungi, or mycoviruses, has extended our knowledge about the diversity of RNA viruses, as exemplified by the discovery of polymycoviruses, a phylogenetic group of multisegmented RNA viruses with unusual forms. The genomic RNAs of known polymycoviruses, which show a phylogenetic affinity for animal positive-sense single-stranded RNA [(+)RNA] viruses such as caliciviruses, are comprised of four conserved segments with an additional zero to four segments. The double-stranded form of polymycovirus genomic RNA is assumed to be associated with a virally encoded protein (proline-alanine-serine-rich protein [PASrp]) in either of two manners: a capsidless colloidal form or a filamentous encapsidated form. Detailed molecular characterizations of polymycoviruses, however, have been conducted for only a few strains. Here, a novel polymyco-related virus named Hadaka virus 1 (HadV1), from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum, was characterized. The genomic RNA of HadV1 consisted of an 11-segmented positive-sense RNA with highly conserved terminal nucleotide sequences. HadV1 shared the three conserved segments with known polymycoviruses but lacked the PASrp-encoding segment. Unlike the known polymycoviruses and encapsidated viruses, HadV1 was not pelleted by conventional ultracentrifugation, possibly due to the lack of PASrp. This result implied that HadV1 exists only as a soluble form with naked RNA. Nevertheless, the 11 genomic segments of HadV1 have been stably maintained through host subculturing and conidiation. Taken together, the results of this study revealed a virus with a potential novel virus lifestyle, carrying many genomic segments without typical capsids or PASrp-associated forms. IMPORTANCE Fungi collectively host various RNA viruses. Examples include encapsidated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses with diverse numbers of genomic segments (from 1 to 12) and capsidless viruses with nonsegmented (+)RNA genomes. Recently, viruses with unusual intermediate features of an infectious entity between encapsidated dsRNA viruses and capsidless (+)RNA viruses were found. They are called polymycoviruses, which typically have four to eight dsRNA genomic segments associated with one of the virus-encoded proteins and are phylogenetically distantly related to animal (+)RNA caliciviruses. Here, we identified a novel virus phylogenetically related to polymycoviruses, from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum. The virus, termed Hadaka virus 1 (HadV1), has 11 (+)RNA genomic segments, the largest number in known (+)RNA viruses. Nevertheless, HadV1 lacked a typical structural protein of polymycoviruses and was not pelleted by standard ultracentrifugation, implying an unusual capsidless nature of HadV1. This study reveals a potential novel lifestyle of multisegmented RNA viruses. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

BMFH Press Acta Medica Okayama 21866953 39 3 2020 Oral administration of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L-55 modulates the immunological parameters of the laying hen inoculated with a Newcastle disease virus-based live attenuated vaccine 117 122 EN Dung Thi Ho Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Toshimitsu Hatabu Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Yosuke Sunada Research & Development, Ohayo Dairy Products Co., Ltd. Yasuhiro Kondo Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Probiotic supplements containing living bacteria have attracted interest as a potential source of health benefits for humans and livestock. The aim of this study was to determine whether administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L-55 (LaL-55) enhances the immune response among chicks exposed to a Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-based live attenuated vaccine. Oral administration of LaL-55 augmented the elevation in the total numbers of leukocytes and lymphocytes following inoculation with the NDV-based live attenuated vaccine. Monocyte counts increased after LaL-55 administration independent of inoculation with the NDV vaccine. Among chicks that were administered LaL-55, there was a dose-dependent increase in the NK cell activity measured by a 51Cr release assay at 2 weeks after the secondary NDV vaccine inoculation. Two weeks after the secondary inoculation with the NDV vaccine, interferon (IFN)-γ-mRNA expression was significantly elevated in mononuclear splenocytes from chicks that were administered LaL-55. Meanwhile, LaL-55 administration did not change the mRNA levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, and interleukin-1β. These results may suggest that coadministration of LaL-55 with an NDV vaccine augments the immune response against the virus. Therefore, LaL-55 may help protect against viral diseases in poultry. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Frontiers Media Acta Medica Okayama 1664-302X 11 2020 Diverse Partitiviruses From the Phytopathogenic Fungus,Rosellinia necatrix 1064 EN Paul Telengech Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Sakae Hisano Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Cyrus Mugambi Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Kiwamu Hyodo Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Juan Manuel Arjona-Lopez Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Carlos Jose Lopez-Herrera Institute for Sustainable Agriculture,Spanish Research Council Satoko Kanematsu Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Partitiviruses (dsRNA viruses, familyPartitiviridae) are ubiquitously detected in plants and fungi. Although previous surveys suggested their omnipresence in the white root rot fungus,Rosellinia necatrix, only a few of them have been molecularly and biologically characterized thus far. We report the characterization of a total of 20 partitiviruses from 16R. necatrixstrains belonging to 15 new species, for which "Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 11-Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 25" were proposed, and 5 previously reported species. The newly identified partitiviruses have been taxonomically placed in two genera,Alphapartitivirus, andBetapartitivirus. Some partitiviruses were transfected into reference strains of the natural host,R. necatrix, and an experimental host,Cryphonectria parasitica, using purified virions. A comparative analysis of resultant transfectants revealed interesting differences and similarities between the RNA accumulation and symptom induction patterns ofR. necatrixandC. parasitica. Other interesting findings include the identification of a probable reassortment event and a quintuple partitivirus infection of a single fungal strain. These combined results provide a foundation for further studies aimed at elucidating mechanisms that underly the differences observed. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Frontiers Media Acta Medica Okayama 1664-302X 11 2020 Virome Analysis of Aphid Populations That Infest the Barley Field: The Discovery of Two Novel Groups of Nege/Kita-Like Viruses and Other Novel RNA Viruses 509 EN Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Miki Fujita Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Hiroshi Hisano Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Kiwamu Hyodo Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Ida Bagus Andika College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Aphids (order Hemiptera) are important insect pests of crops and are also vectors of many plant viruses. However, little is known about aphid-infecting viruses, particularly their diversity and relationship to plant viruses. To investigate the aphid viromes, we performed deep sequencing analyses of the aphid transcriptomes from infested barley plants in a field in Japan. We discovered virus-like sequences related to nege/kita-, flavi-, tombus-, phenui-, mononega-, narna-, chryso-, partiti-, and luteoviruses. Using RT-PCR and sequence analyses, we determined almost complete sequences of seven nege/kitavirus-like virus genomes; one of which was a variant of the Wuhan house centipede virus (WHCV-1). The other six seem to belong to four novel viruses distantly related to Wuhan insect virus 9 (WhIV-9) or Hubei nege-like virus 4 (HVLV-4). We designated the four viruses as barley aphid RNA virus 1 to 4 (BARV-1 to -4). Moreover, some nege/kitavirus-like sequences were found by searches on the transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) libraries of arthropods and plants. Phylogenetic analyses showed that BARV-1 forms a clade with WHCV-1 and HVLV-4, whereas BARV-2 to -4 clustered with WhIV-9 and an aphid virus, Aphis glycines virus 3. Both virus groups (tentatively designated as Centivirus and Aphiglyvirus, respectively), together with arthropod virus-like TSAs, fill the phylogenetic gaps between the negeviruses and kitaviruses lineages. We also characterized the flavi/jingmen-like and tombus-like virus sequences as well as other RNA viruses, including six putative novel viruses, designated as barley aphid RNA viruses 5 to 10. Interestingly, we also discovered that some aphid-associated viruses, including nege/kita-like viruses, were present in different aphid species, raising a speculation that these viruses might be distributed across different aphid species with plants being the reservoirs. This study provides novel information on the diversity and spread of nege/kitavirus-related viruses and other RNA viruses that are associated with aphids. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2020 長鎖（約6 kb）lssODNおよびCRISPR / Cas9を用いたヒト科霊長類特異的lncRNAのマウス受精卵へのエレクトロポレーションによるノックイン EN Hoshi Kondo Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan Acta Medica Okayama 0918-6158 43 3 2020 Daily Meal Supplemented with Astaxanthin-Enriched Yolk Has Mitigative Effects against Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats 404 408 EN Toshimitsu Hatabu Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University Takumi Harada Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Yuri Takao Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Ho Thi Dung Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Akihiro Yamasato K.I Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Tatsuya Horiuchi K.I Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Atsuya Mochizuki K.I Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Yasuhiro Kondo Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of egg yolk powder enriched with astaxanthin (ASX-E) on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and to verify the benefits of ASX-E as a functional food. To investigate the antihypertensive effect, SHR were fed with an ASX-E mixed diet before hypertension development. Blood pressures were determined periodically during the study by the tail-cuff method. At the end of the study, animals were euthanized, and their thoracic aortas were collected to determine vascular conductance. The thoracic aorta tension was measured with a force displacement transducer. Concentration-dependent response relationships were determined by cumulative addition of 10－9–10－4 M Carbamoylcholine (Cch). Blood pressures of the SHR in the ASX-E mixed diet group were ASX-dose-dependently lower than that of those in the control group. In SHR fed with an ASX-E mixed diet, Cch induced vasorelaxation in the thoracic aorta with endothelium lining but not without endothelium. However, the antihypertensive effect of ASX-E was not observed on blood pressures in SHR that were fed with ASX-E only after the development of hypertension. Results suggest that ASX-E protects endothelial function and thereby prevents the development of hypertension. Hence, the results of our research indicate that daily consumption of ASX-E has a potential benefit on human health. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 23526440 25 2020 The Masquelet technique for septic arthritis of the small joint in the hands: Case reports 100268 EN Taichi Saito Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Density and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomoyuki Noda Department of Musculoskeletal Traumatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Density and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroya Kondo Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Density and Pharmaceutical Sciences Koji Demiya Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Density and Pharmaceutical Sciences Satoshi Nezu Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Density and Pharmaceutical Sciences Suguru Yokoo Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Density and Pharmaceutical Sciences Minami Matsuhashi Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Density and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takenori Uehara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Density and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasunori Shimamura Department of Sports Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Density and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masayuki Kodama Mizushima Central Hospital Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Density and Pharmaceutical Sciences Septic arthritis in distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints sometimes occurs in association with mucous cysts or after the surgical treatment of mallet fingers. Recently, several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the Masquelet technique in the treatment of bone defects caused by trauma or infection. However, only few studies have reported the use of this technique for septic arthritis in small joints of the hand, and its effectiveness in treating septic arthritis in DIP joints remains unclear. We report the clinical and radiological outcomes of three patients who were treated with the Masquelet technique for septic arthritis in DIP joints. One patient had uncontrolled diabetes and another had rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate and prednisolone. The first surgical stage involved thorough debridement of the infection site, including the middle and distal phalanx. We placed an external fixator from the middle to the distal phalanx and then packed the cavity of the DIP joint with antibiotic cement bead of polymethylmethacrylate (40 g) including 2 g of vancomycin and 200 mg of minocycline. At 4-6 weeks after the first surgical stage, the infection had cleared, and the second surgical stage was performed. The external fixator and cement bead were carefully removed while carefully preserving the surrounding osteo-induced membrane. The membrane was smooth and nonadherent to the cement block. In the second surgical stage, an autogenous bone graft was harvested from the iliac bone and inserted into the joint space, within the membrane. The bone graft, distal phalanx, and middle phalanx were fixed with Kirschner wires and/or a soft wire. Despite the high risk of infection, bone union was achieved in all patients without recurrence of infection. Although the Masquelet technique requires two surgeries, it can lead to favorable clinical and radiological outcomes for infected small joints of the hand. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 2049-4173 7 3 2019 Very rare solitary primary peripheral nerve onset cytotoxic molecule-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) 146 149 EN Namiko Matsumoto Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kota Sato Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yoshiaki Takahashi Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yuko Kawahara Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Taijun Yunoki Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Jingwei Shang Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Mami Takemoto Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Nozomi Hishikawa Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yasuyuki Ohta Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toru Yamashita Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Maiko Sakamoto Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Eisei Kondou Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Rei Shibata Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Tadashi Yoshino Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Koji Abe Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Here we present the first report of solitary primary peripheral nerve onset cytotoxic molecule (CM)-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) diagnosed after nerve biopsy. An 84-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) complained of asymmetric severe tenderness in her upper limbs. The biopsy pathology revealed a direct invasion of CM-positive PTCL. When RA patients complain of numbness, tenderness, or weakness, lymphomatic peripheral nerve invasion should be considered. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Humana Press Acta Medica Okayama 2014 Detection and analysis of non-retroviral RNA virus-like elements in plant, fungal, and insect genomes. 73 88 EN Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Sotaro Chiba Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Endogenous non-retroviral RNA like sequences (NRVSs) have been discovered in the genome of a wide range of eukaryotes. These are considered as fossil RNA viral elements integrated into host genomes by as-yet-known mechanisms, and in many cases, those fossils are estimated to be millions-of-years-old. It is likely that the number of NRVS records will increase rapidly due to the growing availability of whole-genome sequences for many kinds of eukaryotes. Discovery of the novel NRVSs and understanding of their phylogenetic relationship with modern viral relatives provide important information on deep evolutionary history of RNA virus-host interactions. In this chapter, therefore, the common strategies for the identification and characterization of endogenous NRVSs from plants, insects, and fungi are described. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Acta Medica Okayama 1345-2630 79 5 2013 Biological and genetic diversity of plasmodiophorid-transmitted viruses and their vectors 307 320 EN Tetsuo Tamada Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University About 20 species of viruses belonging to five genera, Benyvirus, Furovirus, Pecluvirus, Pomovirus and Bymovirus, are known to be transmitted by plasmodiophorids. These viruses have all positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genomes that consist of two to five RNA components. Three species of plasmodiophorids are recognized as vectors: Polymyxa graminis, P. betae, and Spongospora subterranea. The viruses can survive in soil within the long-lived resting spores of the vector. There are biological and genetic variations in both virus and vector species. Many of the viruses are causal agents of important diseases in major crops such as rice, wheat, barley, rye, sugar beet, potato, and groundnut. Control is dependent on the development of resistant cultivars. During the last half century, several virus diseases have rapidly spread worldwide. For six major virus diseases, we address their geographical distribution, diversity, and genetic resistance. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Acta Medica Okayama 0304-8608 159 1 2013 Complete genome sequence of Habenaria mosaic virus, a new potyvirus infecting a terrestrial orchid (Habenaria radiata) in Japan 163 166 EN Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Takanori Maeda College of Bioresource SciencesNihon University I Wayan Gara Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University Sotaro Chiba Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University Kazuyuki Maruyama Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University Tetsuo Tamada Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University The complete genomic sequence of Habenaria mosaic virus (HaMV), which infects terrestrial orchids (Habenaria radiata), has been determined. The genome is composed of 9,499 nucleotides excluding the 3'-terminal poly(A) tail, encoding a large polyprotein of 3,054 amino acids with the genomic features typical of a potyvirus. Putative proteolytic cleavage sites were identified by sequence comparison to those of known potyviruses. The HaMV polyprotein showed 58 % amino acid sequence identity to that encoded by the most closely related potyvirus, tobacco vein banding mosaic virus. Phylogenetic analysis of the polyprotein amino acid sequence and its coding sequences confirmed that HaMV formed a cluster with the chilli veinal mottle virus group, most of which infect solanaceous plants. These results suggest that HaMV is a distinct member of the genus Potyvirus. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Acta Medica Okayama 0304-8608 160 8 2015 Cymbidium chlorotic mosaic virus, a new sobemovirus isolated from a spring orchid (Cymbidium goeringii) in Japan. 2099 104 EN Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Shogo Takemoto Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University Kazuyuki Maruyama Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University Sotaro Chiba Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University Ida Bagus Andika Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Cymbidium chlorotic mosaic virus (CyCMV), isolated from a spring orchid (Cymbidium goeringii), was characterized molecularly. CyCMV isometric virions comprise a single, positive-strand RNA genome of 4,083 nucleotides and 30-kDa coat protein. The virus genome contains five overlapping open reading frames with a genomic organization similar to that of sobemoviruses. BLAST searches and phylogenetic analysis revealed that CyCMV is most closely related to papaya lethal yellowing virus, a proposed dicot-infecting sobemovirus (58.8 % nucleotide sequence identity), but has a relatively distant relationship to monocot-infecting sobemoviruses, with only modest sequence identities. This suggests that CyCMV is a new monocot-infecting member of the floating genus Sobemovirus. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier Science Acta Medica Okayama 01681702 177 1 2013 Characterization of burdock mottle virus, a novel member of the genus Benyvirus, and the identification of benyvirus-related sequences in the plant and insect genomes. 75 86 EN Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Shuichi Hirano Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Sotaro Chiba Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Ida Bagus Andika Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Makoto Hirai Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University Takanori Maeda Formerly College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Tetsuo Tamada Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University The complete nucleotide sequence of the burdock mottle virus (BdMoV) isolated from an edible burdock plant (Arctium lappa) in Japan has been determined. BdMoV has a bipartite genome, whose organization is similar to RNA1 and RNA2 of benyviruses, beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), beet soil-borne mosaic virus (BSBMV), and rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV). BdMoV RNA1 (7038 nt) contains a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 249-kDa polypeptide that consists of methyl-transferase, helicase, papain-like protease, AlkB-like, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domains. The AlkB-like domain sequence is not present in the proteins encoded by other known benyviruses, but is found in replication-associated proteins of viruses mainly belonging to the families Alfaflexiviridae and Betaflexiviridae. BdMoV RNA2 (4315 nt) contains six ORFs that are similar to those of benyviruses: these are coat protein (CP), CP readthrough, triple gene block movement and cysteine-rich proteins. Phylogenetic analyses showed that BdMoV is more closely related to BNYVV and BSBMV than to RSNV. Database searches showed that benyvirus replicase-related sequences are present in the chromosomes of a chickpea plant (Cicer arietinum) and a blood-sucking insect (Rhodnius prolixus). Some other benyvirus-related sequences are found in the transcriptome shotgun libraries of a few species of plants and a bark beetle. Our results show that BdMoV is a distinct species of the genus Benyvirus and that ancestral and extant benyviruses may have infected or currently infect a wide range of hosts, including plants and insects. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier Science Acta Medica Okayama 01681702 213 2016 Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of novel totivirus-like double-stranded RNAs from field-collected powdery mildew fungi 353 364 EN Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Sakae Hisano Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Sotaro Chiba Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Kazuyuki Maruyama Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Ida Bagus Andika Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Kazuhiro Toyoda Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Fumihiro Fujimori Department of Environmental Education, Tokyo Kasei University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University The identification of mycoviruses contributes greatly to understanding of the diversity and evolutionary aspects of viruses. Powdery mildew fungi are important and widely studied obligate phytopathogenic agents, but there has been no report on mycoviruses infecting these fungi. In this study, we used a deep sequencing approach to analyze the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments isolated from field-collected samples of powdery mildew fungus-infected red clover plants in Japan. Database searches identified the presence of at least ten totivirus (genus Totivirus)-like sequences, termed red clover powdery mildew-associated totiviruses (RPaTVs). The majority of these sequences shared moderate amino acid sequence identity with each other (<44%) and with other known totiviruses (<59%). Nine of these identified sequences (RPaTV1a, 1b and 2-8) resembled the genome of the prototype totivirus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus-L-A (ScV-L-A) in that they contained two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) encoding a putative coat protein (CP) and an RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), while one sequence (RPaTV9) showed similarity to another totivirus, Ustilago maydis virus H1 (UmV-H1) that encodes a single polyprotein (CP-RdRp fusion). Similar to yeast totiviruses, each ScV-L-A-like RPaTV contains a -1 ribosomal frameshift site downstream of a predicted pseudoknot structure in the overlapping region of these ORFs, suggesting that the RdRp is translated as a CP-RdRp fusion. Moreover, several ScV-L-A-like sequences were also found by searches of the transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) libraries from rust fungi, plants and insects. Phylogenetic analyses show that nine ScV-L-A-like RPaTVs along with ScV-L-A-like sequences derived from TSA libraries are clustered with most established members of the genus Totivirus, while one RPaTV forms a new distinct clade with UmV-H1, possibly establishing an additional genus in the family. Taken together, our results indicate the presence of diverse, novel totiviruses in the powdery mildew fungus populations infecting red clover plants in the field. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 73 5 2019 A Granulation Polyp in the Colon Masquerading as Metastatic Cancer 457 461 EN Masaya Iwamuro Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masahiro Takahara Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tatsuhiro Yamazaki Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takehiro Tanaka Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshitaka Kondo Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Sakiko Hiraoka Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Okada Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Case Report 10.18926/AMO/57377 A 60-year-old Caucasian male was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and multiple metastases to the bone, spleen, and brain. He underwent radiotherapy for the brain and lumbar spine metastases, plus chemotherapy (cisplatin and pemetrexed). The chemotherapy was discontinued due to vomiting and hyponatremia, and nivolumab was then administered. Eight months later, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed tracer uptake in the colon. Colonoscopy revealed a reddish multinodular polyp in the sigmoid colon. The polyp showed irregular microvessels. No colonic mucosal surface structures were observed. Colonic metastasis of the lung carcinoma was highly suspected; the polyp was therefore surgically removed. The histological analysis revealed granulation tissue and suppurative inflammation without neoplastic changes. We diagnosed the lesion as a granulation polyp. Despite the difficulty in diagnosing these lesions due to their rarity and similarity to metastatic colon tumors, we suggest that recognizing the endoscopic features of the polyp surface may allow a preoperative diagnosis. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Academic Press Acta Medica Okayama 00426822 533 2019 Two novel fungal negative-strand RNA viruses related to mymonaviruses and phenuiviruses in the shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) 125 136 EN Yu-Hsin Lin Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Miki Fujita Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Sotaro Chiba Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University Kiwamu Hyodo Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Ida Bagus Andika Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Abstract There is still limited information on the diversity of (－)ssRNA viruses that infect fungi. Here, we have discovered two novel (－)ssRNA mycoviruses in the shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes). The first virus has a monopartite RNA genome and relates to that of mymonaviruses (Mononegavirales), especially to Hubei rhabdo-like virus 4 from arthropods and thus designated as Lentinula edodes negative-strand RNA virus 1. The second virus has a putative bipartite RNA genome and is related to the recently discovered bipartite or tripartite phenui-like viruses (Bunyavirales) associated with plants and ticks, and designated as Lentinula edodes negative-strand RNA virus 2 (LeNSRV2). LeNSRV2 is likely the first segmented (－)ssRNA virus known to infect fungi. Its smaller RNA segment encodes a putative nucleocapsid and a plant MP-like protein using a potential ambisense coding strategy. These findings enhance our understanding of the diversity, evolution and spread of (－)ssRNA viruses in fungi. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier Science Acta Medica Okayama 01681702 262 2019 A novel insect-infecting virga/nege-like virus group and its pervasive endogenization into insect genomes 37 47 EN Hideki Kondo Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Sotaro Chiba Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya University Kazuyuki Maruyama Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Ida Bagus Andika Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Nobuhiro Suzuki Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University Insects are the host and vector of diverse viruses including those that infect vertebrates, plants, and fungi. Recent wide-scale transcriptomic analyses have uncovered the existence of a number of novel insect viruses belonging to an alphavirus-like superfamily (virgavirus/negevirus-related lineage). In this study, through an in silico search using publicly available insect transcriptomic data, we found numerous virus-like sequences related to insect virga/nege-like viruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these novel viruses and related virus-like sequences fill the major phylogenetic gaps between insect and plant virga/negevirus lineages. Interestingly, one of the phylogenetic clades represents a unique insect-infecting virus group. Its members encode putative coat proteins which contained a conserved domain similar to that usually found in the coat protein of plant viruses in the family Virgaviridae. Furthermore, we discovered endogenous viral elements (EVEs) related to virga/nege-like viruses in the insect genomes, which enhances our understanding on their evolution. Database searches using the sequence of one member from this group revealed the presence of EVEs in a wide range of insect species, suggesting that there has been prevalent infection by this virus group since ancient times. Besides, we present detailed EVE integration profiles of this virus group in some species of the Bombus genus of bee families. A large variation in EVE patterns among Bombus species suggested that while some integration events occurred after the species divergence, others occurred before it. Our analyses support the view that insect and plant virga/nege-related viruses might share common virus origin(s). No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Acta Medica Okayama 00097330 116 4 2015 Intracoronary Autologous Cardiac Progenitor Cell Transfer in Patients With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (TICAP) : A Prospective Phase 1 Controlled Trial 653 664 EN Shuta Ishigami Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shinichi Ohtsuki Departments of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Suguru Tarui Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Daiki Ousaka Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takahiro Eitoku Departments of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Maiko Kondo Departments of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Michihiro Okuyama Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Junko Kobayashi Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kenji Baba Departments of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Sadahiko Arai Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takuya Kawabata Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ko Yoshizumi Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Atsushi Tateishi Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yosuke Kuroko Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tatsuo Iwasaki Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shuhei Sato Department of Radilogy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shingo Kasahara Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shunji Sano Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hidemasa Oh Department of Regeneraive Medicine, Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital RATIONALE: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) remains a lethal congenital cardiac defect. Recent studies have suggested that intracoronary administration of autologous cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) may improve ventricular function. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to test whether intracoronary delivery of CDCs is feasible and safe in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between January 5, 2011, and January 16, 2012, 14 patients (1.8±1.5 years) were prospectively assigned to receive intracoronary infusion of autologous CDCs 33.4±8.1 days after staged procedures (n=7), followed by 7 controls with standard palliation alone. The primary end point was to assess the safety, and the secondary end point included the preliminary efficacy to verify the right ventricular ejection fraction improvements between baseline and 3 months. Manufacturing and intracoronary delivery of CDCs were feasible, and no serious adverse events were reported within the 18-month follow-up. Patients treated with CDCs showed right ventricular ejection fraction improvement from baseline to 3-month follow-up (46.9%±4.6% to 52.1%±2.4%; P=0.008). Compared with controls at 18 months, cardiac MRI analysis of CDC-treated patients showed a higher right ventricular ejection fraction (31.5%±6.8% versus 40.4%±7.6%; P=0.049), improved somatic growth (P=0.0005), reduced heart failure status (P=0.003), and lower incidence of coil occlusion for collaterals (P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Intracoronary infusion of autologous CDCs seems to be feasible and safe in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome after staged surgery. Large phase 2 trials are warranted to examine the potential effects of cardiac function improvements and the long-term benefits of clinical outcomes. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 71 2 2017 Endoscopic Manifestations and Clinical Characteristics of Cytomegalovirus Infection in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract 97 104 EN Masaya Iwamuro Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Eisei Kondo Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Takehiro Tanaka Department of Pathology, Okayama University Hospital Hideharu Hagiya Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital Seiji Kawano Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Yoshiro Kawahara Departments of Endoscopy, Okayama University Hospital Fumio Otsuka Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Hiroyuki Okada Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Original Article 10.18926/AMO/54977 We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 14 patients (9 women, 5 men, mean age: 51.6 years) with cytomegalovirus (CMV) involvement in the esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum diagnosed at a single center, to determine their endoscopic features and clinical backgrounds. Thirteen patients (92.9%) had hematologic disease; the other had rheumatoid arthritis. Of the former, 12 patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and 9 of these patients had graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) before undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). All 14 patients had been taking one or more immunosuppressive agents including cyclosporine (n=10), corticosteroids (n=9), mycophenolic acid (n=6), tacrolimus (n=3), and methotrexate (n=1). Tests for CMV antigenemia were positive in 11 patients (78.6%). EGD examinations revealed esophageal (n=3), gastric (n=9), and duodenal involvement (n=6). Macroscopically, esophageal lesions by CMV infection presented as redness (n=1), erosions (n=1), and ulcers (n=1). Gastric lesions manifested as redness (n=7), erosions (n=3), exfoliated mucosa (n=2), and verrucous erosions (n=1). Mucosal appearances in the duodenum varied: redness (n=2), ulcers (n=2), multiple erosions (n=2), single erosion (n=1), edema (n=1). CMV was detected even in the intact duodenal mucosa (n=1). In conclusion, physicians must recall the relevance of CMV infection when any mucosal alterations exist in the upper gastrointestinal tract of immunosuppressed patients. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 129 1 2017 アントラキノンの長期連用，及び摂取中止が大腸粘膜に与える影響 23 30 EN Eiji Iwano Kamogata Clinic Masaya Iwamuro Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Anthraquinone, an anthracene derivatives, is widely used as a purgative medicine. The long-term use of anthraquinone is known to cause melanosis coli and elevated lesions in the colon. However, the clinical course of patients who take anthraquinone over a long term and those who discontinue the drug has not been fully investigated. Here we investigated 22 patients who had colonic mucosal changes ( i.e., melanosis coli and elevated lesions) who had been taking anthraquinone for at least one year and discontinued it. We classified the elevated lesions into two subtypes:the small-lesion, which included multiple small nodules that were ＜ 2 mm in dia., and the large-lesion, which included a single or multiple nodules of ≥ 2-mm dia. We used colonoscopy to investigate the changes of colonic lesions between before and after the discontinuation of anthraquinone. The results indicated that the nodules of the small-lesion group were lymphoid follicle hyperplasia. In the large-lesion group, adenoma was most frequently observed ( n＝118) , followed by hyperplastic polyp ( n＝52) and inflammatory changes with edema ( n＝22) . Melanosis coli and elevated lesions were decreased or invisible after the discontinuation of anthraquinone. Our findings thus suggest that the long-term use of anthraquinone may cause some type of elevated lesions due to chronic inflammation. It is recommended that the use of anthraquinone be limited to a short term. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 128 3 2016 リンパ節転移を伴う甲状腺癌を疑ったIgG4関連甲状腺炎（準確診群）の1 切除例 213 216 EN Kenta Kobashi Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Saijo Hospital Hiroshi Ishii Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Saijo Hospital Kanako Nishiyama Breast Center, Ehime University Hospital Yuki Matsumi Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Saijo Hospital Masahide Hatano Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Saijo Hospital Masamitsu Fujiwara Department of Surgery, Imabariishikaishimin Hospital Tatsuo Kurokawa Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Saijo Hospital Kensuke Tsunemitsu Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Saijo Hospital 　We present a case of probably IgG4-related thyroiditis with lymphadenopathy. The patient was a 70-year-old Japanese female who was undergoing hemodialysis and had undergone a right hemi-thyroidectomy in 1989 due to carcinoma. In December 2010, an ultrasonography study revealed a hypoechoic small lesion in thyroid gland. When the patient was admitted to our hospital in November 2013, the lesion and regional lymph nodes had enlarged and we suspected that they were metastatic thyroid cancer. We performed a residual total thyroidectomy and regional lymph node dissection in August 2014. At that time, lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and fibrosis were observed histopathologically in thyroid tissue. Immunohistochemical studies revealed infiltrated lymphocytes and plasma cells were markedly IgG-positive, and the ratio of IgG4-positive to IgG-positive cells was over 40%. We therefore diagnosed the patient with IgG4-related thyroiditis. The cervical lymph nodes were metastases of papillary carcinoma from 25 years earlier. The patient remains well without any recurrences 33 months after the surgery. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 128 3 2016 3 年間の内視鏡所見の変化を観察できた食道異所性皮脂腺の1 例 201 205 EN Masaya Iwamuro Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Okada Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Keita Harada Department of Endoscopy, Okayama University Hospital Hiromitsu Kanzaki Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Keisuke Hori Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masahide Kita Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Seiji Kawano Department of Endoscopy, Okayama University Hospital Yoshiro Kawahara Department of Endoscopy, Okayama University Hospital Takehiro Tanaka Department of Pathology, Okayama University Hospital Kazuhide Yamamoto Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences A 43-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed with ectopic sebaceous glands in the esophagus by esophagogastroduodenoscopy and biopsy. At the age of 46, typical ectopic sebaceous glands were recognized in the upper esophagus, whereas yellowish white granules were faintly observed in the lower esophagus. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy examinations were repeated when she was 47 and again at 50 years old, and the lesions in the lower esophagus had become more evident over the ensuing 3 years. Esophageal ectopic sebaceous glands are relatively infrequent, and there have been few case reports describing the progression of the endoscopic features. We also report the clinical and endoscopic features of the five similar cases with pathologically proven ectopic sebaceous glands in the esophagus. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 70 4 2016 A Rare Case of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma in a Patient with IgG4-Related Autoimmune Pancreatitis 279 283 EN Yoshito Nishimura Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masaya Iwamuro Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuki Ocho Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kou Hasegawa Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kosuke Kimura Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshihisa Hanayama Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Eisei Kondo Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takehiro Tanaka Department of Pathology, Okayama University Hospital Fumio Otsuka Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Case Report 10.18926/AMO/54504 A 61-year-old Japanese man with IgG4-related autoimmune pancreatitis was referred to our hospital because of perspiration during food intake. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) with contrast media revealed multiple mesenteric lymphadenopathies. An open surgical abdominal biopsy and subsequent histopathological analysis revealed abnormally large lymphoid cells that were negative for CD3, CD5, and c-myc and positive for CD20 and bcl-2, leading to a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Here, we discuss the risk of malignancies, particularly malignant lymphoma in patients with IgG4-related disease. The importance of pathological analysis to reach the appropriate diagnosis in such cases should be emphasized. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 70 3 2016 Increased Serum KL-6 Levels Induced by Pulmonary Mycobacterium Avium Complex Infection in a Patient with RA-associated Lung Disease 217 221 EN Koichi Waseda Departments of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuki Ocho Departments of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kou Hasegawa Departments of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kosuke Kimura Departments of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masaya Iwamuro Departments of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshihisa Hanayama Departments of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Eisei Kondo Departments of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nobuaki Miyahara Departments of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Fumio Otsuka Departments of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Case Report 10.18926/AMO/54422 KL-6 is a glycoprotein found predominantly on type II pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages, and often shows increased serum levels in patients with interstitial pneumonia. We report a case of mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection whose disease activity was correlated with KL-6 levels in serum. During treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) with prednisolone, chest image findings improved in association with decreased KL-6 levels. Following tapering of prednisolone, chest image findings deteriorated again as levels of KL-6 increased, suggesting recurrence of RA-ILD. Bronchoscopic examination revealed active MAC infection. Treatment of MAC infection not only improved chest image findings but also decreased KL-6 levels in serum, suggesting that KL-6 was increased by active MAC infection by itself, not by recurrence of RA-ILD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documentation of KL-6 elevation in serum in association with active MAC infection. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 128 1 2016 原発性十二指腸粘液癌の一例― 本邦報告16例の検討― 21 25 EN Ikumi Hamano Yusuke Matsumoto Yoshikatsu Endo Naoki Watanabe Kyouhei Kai Shizou Sato Yoji Wani 　Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the duodenum is rare. Here we report a case we recently encountered, and we review 16 cases reported in Japan. An 82-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of abdominal pain and heartburn. An endoscopic examination revealed a Type 2 tumor in the descending limb of the duodenum, and endoscopically obtained specimens revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. We performed a curative pancreatoduodenectomy with lymph node resection, and the surgical specimen revealed that the duodenum was the primary site of the mucinous adenocarcinoma. The patient is currently alive ＞ 1 year after the operation without any evidence of recurrence. Of the 16 patients reviewed, all patients had advanced tumors those depth were T3-T4. 9 patients had lymph node metastasis and 4 patients had peritoneal dissemination at the time of surgery. Since mucinous adenocarcinoma of the duodenum is often progressive cancer at a diagnosis, which is tend to have a worse prognosis than other histological types. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学教師教育開発センター Acta Medica Okayama 2186-1323 6 2016 学生との協働によるスクールボランティア推進支援に関する実践的考察 140 149 EN Daisuke Satoh Fumio Yamane Eiji Egi Kayoko Soda Hiroyuki Kondoh Daisuke Gotoh 10.18926/CTED/54030 　2013年10月よりスクールボランティアビューローに「学生スタッフ制度」を新たに設け，活動開始後2年が経過した。その間，学生スタッフと大学教職員が協働し，スクールボランティアフェアの開催，スクールボランティア活動事例集の作成・編集・発行と各教育委員会等への配布，スクールボランティアツアーの実施等様々な学生目線のスクールボランティア推進支援事業に取り組んできた。それぞれの事業では，学生スタッフが学生らしい工夫を随所に凝らしており，企画・準備から実施・反省に至るまで多大な尽力・努力をした。これらの活動を通して，スクールボランティア活動に参加しようと思っている学生やなかなか一歩が踏み出せない学生に対する啓発活動として大変効果的な事業であったことは成果と言えるが，学生の参加減少や学生への周知の難しさ，また，学生スタッフのなり手不足や大学教職員からの学生への働きかけの重要性など課題も残っている。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 127 3 2015 術前内照射および化学療法が著効し,根治切除し得た巨大異所性褐色細胞腫の1例 213 218 EN Kazuya Yasui Yuzo Umeda Kenjiro Kumano Masahiro Tabata Fumio Otsuka Takahito Yagi Toshiyoshi Fujiwara A 46-year-old man was found to be positive for occult blood at a medical checkup and was revealed to have a 14-cm tumor on the right side of abdominal aorta by a subsequent abdominal CT scan. The endocrinology laboratory data showed elevations in the levels of serum noradrenaline, and ectopic pheochromocytoma was suspected. The tumor was compressing the inferior vena cava and portal vein, the superior mesenteric artery and the pancreas. Since it would be difficult to cure by operation, neoadjuvant therapy was started using radioisotope therapy by I-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) and chemotherapy (CVD therapy ; cyclophosphamide, vincristine, dacarbazine). He was treated with three courses of radioisotope therapy and 16 courses of chemotherapy, which significantly reduced the tumor size. This made radical resection possible ; we were able to avoid the merger excision of great vessels and other organs. On pathological and immunopathological findings, the tumor was diagnosed as ectopic　pheochromocytoma. Regarding the safety and curability of the treatment, neoadjuvant therapy may be useful in treating very large tumors that show invasion of other organs. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 69 5 2015 A Case-matched Comparative Study of Laparoscopic and Open Total Proctocolectomy for Ulcerative Colitis 267 273 EN Ryo Inada Takeshi Nagasaka Yoshitaka Kondo Ayako Watanabe Toshiaki Toshima Nobuhito Kubota Satoru Kikuchi Michihiro Ishida Shinji Kuroda Yoshiko Mori Hiroyuki Kishimoto Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Original Article 10.18926/AMO/53672 The aim of this single-institution, retrospective, observational case-control study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic proctocolectomy (PC) for ulcerative colitis (UC), by comparing it with a case-control series of open PC. Twenty UC patients who underwent laparoscopic PC were retrospectively compared with the open PC group of 12 patients matched for age, sex, and urgency of the operation. In the laparoscopic PC group, the operative time was significantly longer, but the amount of blood loss was significantly smaller. The open PC patients underwent an intraoperative blood transfusion significantly more often, and the serum C-reactive protein level on the first postoperative day was significantly higher in the open PC group. In the laparoscopic PC group, the rate of severe postoperative morbidities, grades 3 and 4 on the Clavien-Dindo classification, was significantly lower, and the median length of hospital stay was significantly shorter. Laparoscopic PC for patients with UC showed superior perioperative outcomes to open PC, except for longer operative time. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 127 2 2015 超高齢者（95歳）の進行盲腸癌に対して腹腔鏡下回盲部切除を施行した1例 117 121 EN Ayako Watanabe Ryo Inada Takeshi Nagasaka Tomohiko Yagi Hijiri Matsumoto Toshiaki Toshima Satoru Kikuchi Shinshi Kuroda Yoshitaka Kondo Yoshiko Mori Hiroyuki Kishimoto Toshiyoshi Fujiwara We report a successful laparoscopic resection of a cecal tumor in a 95-year-old Japanese man. The patient visited an initial hospital with a complaint of constipation in March 2014. Computed tomography scan and colonoscopy showed a stenotic ileocecal cancer with pericolic lymph node metastases, and he was referred to our department for management. Since his general condition was maintained, we performed a laparoscopic ileocecal resection with regional lymph node dissection for the patient. The operation achieved curative resection, and the tumor was diagnosed as a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and graded as pStage IIIa (pT3, pN0, pM0) according to the Japanese Classification of Colorectal Carcinoma, eighth edition. He was discharged on the 11th postoperative day without perioperative complications. Several large-scale randomized controlled trials （RCTs） revealed that laparoscopic surgeries for colorectal cancers have some advantages compared to open surgeries, including superior short-term outcomes and comparable long-term outcomes. Unfortunately, since these RCTs did not include enough elderly patients, the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for extremely elderly patients are still unknown. With respect to less-invasive procedures, these advantages of laparoscopic surgery are also thought to be the advantages for elderly colorectal cancer patients. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 69 2 2015 Complication of Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia in an Elderly Patient with Sjögren Syndrome 123 127 EN Koichi Waseda Hideharu Hagiya Yoshihisa Hanayama Tomohiro Terasaka Kosuke Kimura Takao Tsuzuki Kou Hasegawa Takahiro Nada Eri Nakamura Kazutoshi Murakami Eisei Kondo Fumio Otsuka Case Report 10.18926/AMO/53342 An 81-year-old Japanese male with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) developed a low-grade fever and productive cough which were refractory to antibiotic therapy. Based on the high level of eosinophils observed in his bronchial alveolar lavage, he was diagnosed with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) and successfully treated by oral prednisolone. Interstitial lung diseases associated with pSS (pSS-ILDs) usually present as nonspecific interstitial pneumonia or usual interstitial pneumonia; therefore, the present case is extremely unique in that the patientʼs condition was complicated with CEP. A diagnosis of advanced gallbladder cancer was made in the patientʼs clinical course, suggesting the advisability of a whole-body workup in cases of pSS, especially in elderly patients. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 69 2 2015 Aggressive Multimodality Treatment for Advanced Rectal Cancer 113 118 EN Ryo Inada Takeshi Nagasaka Toshiaki Toshima Yoshiko Mori Yoshitaka Kondo Hiroyuki Kishimoto Takao Hiraki Taihei Oshiro Yukihide Kanemitsu Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Case Report 10.18926/AMO/53340 A case of advanced rectal cancer treated by aggressive local and systemic treatment who has survived more than 7 years from initial recurrence is presented. A 55-year-old woman was diagnosed with advanced lower rectal cancer and underwent a low anterior resection with complete removal of all regional lymph nodes and total mesorectal excision. The tumor was diagnosed as a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, pStage IIIB (T3, N2a, M0). Twenty-six months after the initial surgery, local recurrence in the pelvis was detected by computed tomography, and total pelvic exenteration with distal sacrectomy (TPES) was performed after systemic chemotherapy with a molecular-targeted drug. Six months after the TPES, multiple lung metastases were detected. Consequently, the patient underwent radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and chemotherapy. The disease has since been controlled for 38 months. As volume control is essential for cancer treatment, it may be important to combine appropriate local therapy with systemic therapy to metastatic or recurrent sites in order to achieve much longer disease control. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学教師教育開発センター Acta Medica Okayama 2186-1323 5 2015 スクールボランティアへの学生による主体的参加を促す新たな取り組みと考察 1 8 EN Daisuke Satoh Fumio Yamane Eiji Egi Kayoko Soda Hiroyuki Kondoh Daisuke Gotoh 10.18926/CTED/53229 　教員養成における学校現場での実践的・体験的活動が昨今一層求められている。教育再生実行会議での提言や中央教育審議会での報告でも，採用前の学生の学校現場でのボランティア活動を推奨している。こうした中， 2013 年度の岡山大学におけるスクールボランティア活動の登録者数が大幅に減少した。要因としては学校現場でのインターンシップ活動が必修化された点が大きいが，インターンシップとボランティアの長短を学生は理解し参加していく必要がある。こうした社会的要請や大学における課題などを踏まえ，スクールボランティアビューローに新たに「学生スタッフ制度」を設けた。学生の立場から，スクールボランティア活動を多面的に支援し，関連事業の企画・参画・連携を学生と教職員が協働して実施するものである。最初の取り組みとして，2014 年4 月には「スクールボランティアフェア2014」を開催した。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 0172-6390 61 130 2014 Management Of Peritoneal Effusion by Sealing with a Self-Assembling Nanofiber Polypeptide Following Pelvic Surgery 349 353 EN Yoshitaka Kondo Takeshi Nagasaka Satoru Kobayashi Naoya Kobayashi Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Background/Aims: PuraMatrix is a synthetic material consisting of 16-amino acid peptides that self-assemble into nanofibers, previously used as a scaffold for functional cell cultures. We conducted a clinical study to determine the safety and sealing properties of PuraMatrix in post-operative lymphorrhea following pelvic surgery in humans. Methodology: A total of 20 patients who underwent rectal cancer resection were analyzed. The study group (n = 10) consisted of patients who received PuraMatrix, matched with a control group (n = 10) of patients operated on conventionally. Results: During the 2 to 3 month follow-up period, there were no abnormal findings or adverse events in any the patients who received PuraMatrix. We found that the patients who received PuraMatrix had significantly reduced post-operative drainage volumes compared with the patients in the control group. Conclusions: PuraMatrix is a safe and effective bio-compatible sealing material for the management of post-operative peritoneal effusion following pelvic surgery. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 68 6 2014 POEMS Syndrome in a 20-year-old Patient Diagnosed Following a Complaint of Reduced Visual Acuity 379 383 EN Shinichiro Doi Shuhei Kimura Yuki Morizane Mika Hosogi Mio Hosokawa Yusuke Shiode Tetsuhiro Kawata Eisei Kondo Fumio Shiraga Case Report 10.18926/AMO/53028 We report a case of POEMS syndrome in a 20-year-old patient diagnosed after visiting an eye clinic with a chief complaint of reduced visual acuity. A male university student aged 20 years was referred to our department complaining of blurred vision in both eyes that had persisted for 1 month. He also noted headache, nausea, and paresthesia in the lower extremities around the same time. The visual acuity of his right and left eye was 20/40 and 20/20, respectively. Optic disc edema and serous retinal detachment were present. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed no intracranial abnormalities, while elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure, reduced nerve conduction velocity in both lower extremities, hepatosplenomegaly, M proteinemia, high blood VEGF levels, osteoblastic and osteolytic changes in the spine, and atypical plasma cells in bone lesions were noted. From the above findings, the patient was diagnosed with POEMS syndrome. He received high-dose dexamethasone, thalidomide, and radiotherapy on the sacral mass, followed by high-dose melphalan with autologous stem-cell support, and showed subsequent systemic and ophthalmologic improvement. Here, we report the youngest case ever of POEMS syndrome with ocular manifestation. If patients have optic disc edema in both eyes with no intracranial space-occupying lesion, POEMS syndrome should be considered in differential diagnosis, regardless of age. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 68 6 2014 Severe Case of Peripheral Leukocytosis Initially Diagnosed as Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, Unclassifiable, but Possibly Prefibrotic Primary Myelofibrosis 363 368 EN Seisuke Ota Yasushi Hiramatsu Eisei Kondo Akinori Kasahara Saimon Takada Sachio Umena Toshio Noguchi Mitsune Tanimoto Tadashi Matsumura Case Report 10.18926/AMO/53025 Leukocytosis is occasionally seen in patients with presumptive but undiagnosed myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). A 74-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for tarry stools, anemia, and marked peripheral leukocytosis of 1.4×105/μL. Gastroenteroscopy revealed an acute gastric and duodenal mucosal lesion that was treated successfully via endoscopic hemoclipping. Bone marrow aspiration revealed marked megakaryocyte proliferation with atypia of naked nuclei and marrow hypercellularity (90% cellularity). A fluorescence in situ hybridization test could not detect the BCR-ABL fusion gene. Bone marrow aspiration later revealed further abnormalities of megakaryocytes. The patient died from cerebral bleeding. The present case fulfilled 2 of the 3 major criteria of primary myelofibrosis according to the World Health Organization 2008 classification:namely, megakaryocytic hyperplasia with hypercellular marrow and granulocytic hyperplasia. However, the megakaryocytic abnormality was not strictly compatible with the criteria. Instead, we considered prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis as a possibility, although myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable (MDS/MPN-U) was technically the correct diagnosis. The present case shows that MPN diagnosis remains difficult and suggests that other cases of peripheral leukocytosis with diagnosed MDS/MPN-U might include similar findings. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 126 3 2014 Reduced Port Surgeryで切除した高度炎症を伴う虫垂中に発見された潜在性虫垂粘液嚢胞腺腫の１例 223 226 EN Hiromitsu Suzuki Kouji Kimura Sigeki Kinoshita Kazuo Okano Appendicitis is a benign disease for which surgical treatment is widely provided. The complication of neoplastic lesions may be discovered only after resection. However, in some cases, specimens are not submitted to histopathological examination in Japan because of an extreme deficiency of pathologists. We report our experience with one patient who experienced the complication of latent low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) after surgery for appendicitis. Our patient was an 85-year-old woman. Conservative treatment failed to relieve fever and lower abdominal pain and it was decided to treat her surgically. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed appendicitis with severe inflammation and suspected adhesion. We decided to explore the abdominal cavity using a reduced-port laparoscopic approach. We found no mucous debouchment or clear tumors in the specimen. Histopathological findings indicated the coexistence of appendicitis and LAMN. At one year and a half after surgery, there was no evidence of the development of pseudomyxoma peritonei. In appendectomy, it is thought that careful perioperative treatment and a postoperative pathological search are important when there are no preoperative findings suggesting a neoplastic lesion. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 1083-8791 20 2 2014 Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors Permit Regulatory T Cell Reconstitution and Inhibit Experimental Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease 183 191 EN Haruko Sugiyama Yoshinobu Maeda Hisakazu Nishimori Yoshiko Yamasuji Ken-ichi Matsuoka Nobuharu Fujii Eisei Kondo Katsuji Shinagawa Takehiro Tanaka Kengo Takeuchi Takanori Teshima Mitsune Tanimoto Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major late complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). In a previous study, impaired thymic negative selection of the recipients permitted the emergence of pathogenic T cells that cause chronic GVHD using MHC class II-deficient (H2-Ab1 KO) B6 into OH model and CD4(+) T cells isolated from chronic GVHD mice caused chronic GVHD when administered into the secondary recipients. In this study, we evaluated the kinetics of regulatory T cell (Treg) reconstitution in wild type B6 into C3H model. After myeloablative conditioning, host Tregs disappeared rapidly, followed by expansion of Tregs derived from the donor splenic T cell inoculum. However, the donor splenic T cell derived Treg pool contracted gradually and was almost completely replaced by newly generated donor bone marrow (BM)-derived Tregs in the late post-transplantation period. Next, we compared the effects of cyclosporine (CSA) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors on Treg reconstitution. Administration of CSA significantly impaired Treg reconstitution in the spleen and thymus. In contrast, BM-derived Treg reconstitution was not impaired in mTOR inhibitor-treated mice. Histopathological examination indicated that mice treated with GSA, but not mTOR inhibitors, showed pathogenic features of chronic GVHD on day 120. Mice treated with CSA until day 60, but not mTOR inhibitors, developed severe chronic GVHD followed by adoptive transfer of the pathogenic CD4(+) T cells isolated from H2-Ab1 KO into C3H model. These findings indicated that long-term use of CSA impairs reconstitution of BM-derived Tregs and increases the liability to chronic GVHD. The choice of immunosuppression, such as calcineurin inhibitor-free GVHD prophylaxis with mTOR inhibitor, may have important implications for the control of chronic GVHD after BMT. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 126 2 2014 直腸腫瘍を契機に発見された無症状の成人右側Bochdalek孔ヘルニアの１例 137 141 EN Hiroshi Kato Masahiro Oishi Masahito Kodera Masao Yamamura Hideaki Ikeda Kenji Mizuno Yutaka Yamashita Kazunori Suzuki 　We encountered a patient with an adult Bochdalek hernia discovered asymptomatically. A 77-year-old Japanese woman visited a local clinic with chief complaints of melena and difficulty in defecation. Based on the results of the detailed examination in our hospital, she was diagnosed with a rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with a concurrent asymptomatic adult right-sided Bochdalek hernia. Because the tumor was large, laparoscopic abdominoperineal rectal amputation was performed after systemic imatinib therapy. During the surgery, we found a right diaphragmatic defect more than 13cm in long dia., through which the right hepatic lobe, colon, and greater omentum had prolapsed into the right thoracic cavity. No visceral adhesions were noted. No hernia sac was observed. Adult Bochdalek hernia is a relatively rare condition, and only three (incidentally discovered) cases of asymptomatic Bochdalek hernia, including the present case, have been reported in Japan. Here we provide a case report for the patient, who was followed-up without hernia surgery, plus a review of the literature. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センター Acta Medica Okayama 0910-8742 35 2013 鉢植えブドウ‘デラウェア’における竹粉マルチが果実品質に及ぼす影響 18 22 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 126 1 2014 術前DCF療法が著効した食道原発内分泌細胞癌の１切除例 39 43 EN Naoaki Maeda Yasuhiro Shirakawa Takeshi Koujima Toshiaki Ohara Shunsuke Tanabe Kazuhiro Noma Kazuhumi Sakurama Toshiyosi Fujiwara 　Esophageal endocrine cell carcinoma is extremely rare. We report a case of esophageal endocrine cell carcinoma showing histological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel/cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (DCF). A 66-year-old man had been experiencing epigastralgia, and a type 2 tumor in the thoracic part of esophagus was detected by upper endoscopy. The biopsy showed endocrine cell carcinoma. PET/CT, endoscopy and an esophagogram showed that the patient had a 70-mm scaled type 2 tumor in the middle thoracic esophagus, and they also revealed lymph node metastases (no. 106recR). We diagnosed a cT3cN1cM0 cStage III tumor. With two courses of DCF treatment, both the primary tumor and lymph node metastases showed a partial response. We performed a subtotal esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection. The pathological examination of the resected specimens revealed no malignant cells in the esophagus or lymph nodes, and we concluded that the pathological effect of the DCF treatment was Grade 3. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 1078-0998 17 9 2011 DNA Methylation of Colon Mucosa in Ulcerative Colitis Patients: Correlation with Inflammatory Status 1955 1965 EN Shunsuke Saito Jun Kato Sakiko Hiraoka Joichiro Horii Hideyuki Suzuki Reiji Higashi Eisuke Kaji Yoshitaka Kondo Kazuhide Yamamoto Background: Although DNA methylation of colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis (UC) has been suggested, the majority of published reports indicate the correlation between methylation of colon mucosa and occurrence of UC-related dysplasia or cancer without considering the mucosal inflammatory status. The aim of this study was to verify whether mucosal inflammation-specific DNA methylation occurs in the colon of UC. Methods: Of 15 gene loci initially screened, six loci (ABCB1, CDH1. ESR1, GDNF, HPP1, and MYOD1) methylated in colon mucosa of UC were analyzed according to inflammatory status using samples from 28 surgically resected UC patients. Results: Four of six regions (CDH1, GDNF, HPP1, and MYOD1) were more highly methylated in the active inflamed mucosa than in the quiescent mucosa in each UC patient (P = 0.003, 0.0002, 0.02, and 0.048, respectively). In addition, when the methylation status of all samples taken from examined patients was stratified according to inflammatory status, methylation of CDHI and GDNF loci was significantly higher in active inflamed mucosa than in quiescent mucosa (P = 0.045 and 0.002, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that active inflammation was an independent factor of methylation for CDHI and GDNF. DNA methyltransferase 1 and 3b were highly expressed in colon epithelial cells with active mucosa] inflammation, suggesting their involvement in inflammation-dependent methylation. Conclusions: Methylation in colonic mucosa of UC was correlated with mucosal inflammatory status, suggesting the involvement of methylation due to chronic active inflammation in UC carcinogenesis. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 125 3 2013 横行結腸憩室穿通による腸間膜膿瘍に対して手術を施行した２症例 235 238 EN Naoaki Maeda Hidenori Kondo We encountered 2 cases of penetration of fecal matter through a diverticulum of the transverse colon, which is a rare disease. Case 1 was a 33-year-old man who was examined in the clinic with a complaint of epigastralgia. Tenderness and muscular defense were found in the upper abdomen. On abdominal CT examination, wall thickening and increased fat concentration were seen in the transverse colon. He was diagnosed with peritonitis and underwent emergency surgery. On laparotomy, a tumor mass was found in the transverse colon close to the liver curvature. The patient was diagnosed with mesenteric abscess due to penetration of fecal matter through a diverticulum of the transverse colon. Right hemicolectomy was carried out. Case 2 was a 43-year-old woman who was examined in the clinic with a complaint of right lower abdominal pain. Muscular defense and rebound tenderness were found in the lower abdomen. On abdominal CT examination, abscess formation was seen in the right lower abdomen. She was diagnosed with peritonitis and underwent emergency surgery. On laparotomy, a tumor mass was found in the transverse colon. The patient was diagnosed with mesenteric abscess due to penetration of the transverse colon associated with a diverticulum. Partial removal of the transverse colon was carried out. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学資源生物科学研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 55 3 1976 最近における児島湖の富栄養化とMicrocystisによる水の華処理に関する二,三の知見 145 160 EN T. Kobayashi M. Nagao H. Yoshimura M. Kondo N. Ōnishi S. Torigoe S. Hino M. Higashimoto Y. Fukutake N. Saito K. Kenmochi H. K&omacr;buchi No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2013 Management of peritoneal effusion by sealing with a self-assembling nanofiber polypeptide following pelvic surgery EN Yoshitaka Kondo No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 35 1943 藥劑による雜草の驅除試驗第八報ノビヱ、アヲビユ、ヌマダイコン、タカサブロウの四種につきて 375 386 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 35 1943 藥劑による雜草の驅除試驗第七報敷地の除草に就きて 365 374 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 35 1943 藥劑による雜草の驅除試驗第六報再び小麥畑の除草に就きて 343 364 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 35 1943 藥劑による雜草の驅除試驗第五報小麥畑の除草に就きて 320 342 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 35 1943 藥劑による雜草の驅除試驗第四報水稻の除草に就きて 298 319 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 35 1943 藥劑による雜草の驅除試驗第三報苗代の除草に就きて 290 297 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 35 1943 小麥の穗發芽現象に就きて第四報穗發芽と發芽抑制物質 130 146 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 35 1943 貯藏小麥の水分含量及び貯藏温度が小麥の品質に及ぼす影響第五報 65 82 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 35 1943 小麥粉の貯藏試驗 55 64 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 35 1943 小麥の防濕紙袋貯藏試驗第三報 39 54 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 35 1943 米穀の十三ヶ年貯藏とその水分含量との關係 28 38 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 35 1943 浸水腐敗米に關する研究 15 27 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 35 1943 冷害米の品質に關する研究 1 14 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 34 1942 雜草種實の研究第八報荳科一 461 477 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 34 1942 藥劑による雜草の驅除試驗第二報 188 271 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 34 1942 チロシンによる小麥の品種鑑識フエノール法との比較 167 187 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 34 1942 フエノール着色法による小麥の品種鑑識第三報 157 166 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 34 1942 水稻のフォトペリオヂズムに關する實驗的研究第四報特に靑色電燈光線に就きて 56 68 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 34 1942 黴米に關する研究第一報 33 55 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 34 1942 米の品種鑑識の研究第八報米の品種間のアルカリ反應差異と飯及び糊の粘度・pH・食味等との關係に就きて 1 31 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 33 1942 薬劑による雜草の驅除試驗第一報一、従来の研究の概要 363 410 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 33 1942 冬季に於ける米の日照乾燥とその効率二特に容積重並に剛度に就きて 326 345 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 33 1942 米殻の低温長期貯藏試驗 197 207 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 33 1942 米の品種鑑識の研究第七報白米のアルカリ檢定に就きて 161 195 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 33 1942 米の品種鑑識の研究第六報全國各府縣道州奨励品種の特性調査 111 160 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 33 1942 米の品種鑑識の研究第五報フエノール及びパラクレゾール染色法 92 110 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 33 1942 稻の短期栽培としての晩化法（四） 65 91 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 33 1942 旱害對策試驗（一）旱魃時の稻作 50 64 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 33 1942 旱害米の品質につきての研究第二報 25 49 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 33 1942 稻のフォトペリオヂズムに關する實驗的研究第三報特に誘蛾燈に就きて 1 23 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 30 1938 小麥及小麥粉に關する主要文獻目録第一輯 595 619 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 30 1938 稻田の落水期と米殻の收量並に品質との關係に就きて（第一報） 87 110 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 30 1938 小麥の穗發芽現象に就きて（第三報） 69 86 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 30 1938 フェノール着色法による小麥の品種鑑識（第一報） 39 68 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 30 1938 小麥のヤロビゼーションに關する試驗 1 38 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 28 1937 小麥の穗發芽現象に就きて(第二報) 85 103 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 28 1937 玄米の火力乾燥試驗（三）附籾米の乾燥試驗 48 84 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 17 1931 稻及米に關する邦文主要文獻目録 289 351 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 17 1931 第五回萬國種子會議報告並に種子檢査國際規程 233 278 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 17 1931 靑米に就きての研究第二報 77 92 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 17 1931 水温と稻の生育との關係第二報 37 63 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 17 1931 温度並に米の乾燥度と米粒間隙の濕度との關係に就きて第一報 65 75 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 17 1931 稻及米に就きて 1 36 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 16 1930 米殻密封貯藏研究 1 86 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 29 1938 稻及米に關する邦文主要文獻目録第三輯 381 403 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 29 1938 稲の短期栽培としての晩化法 83 107 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 29 1938 雜草種實の研究第三報莎草科其一 62 82 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 29 1938 雜草種實の研究第二報禾本科二 45 61 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 36 1944 大麥に關する邦文主要文獻目録第一輯 547 557 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 36 1944 玄米の保米袋貯藏試驗に就きて 537 546 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 36 1944 林木種子の貯藏試驗第三報再び殻斗科種子に就きて 521 536 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 36 1944 林木種子の貯藏試驗第二報杉、檜の種子に就て 497 520 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 36 1944 雑草種實の研究第九報石竹科 228 237 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 36 1944 米の食味試驗（一） 209 227 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 36 1944 米殻のサイロ貯藏の實驗第四報七ヶ年の貯藏、貯藏失敗の例 198 208 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 36 1944 小麥の密封貯藏試驗續報サイロ並に鑵貯藏の結果 188 197 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 36 1944 小麥の性状と檢査等級との關係に就て 167 187 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 小麥及小麥粉に關する主要文獻目録第三輯 564 582 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 稻及米に關する邦文主要文獻目録第五輯 539 563 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 岡山縣下小型石油發動機普及事情 527 537 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 旱害米の品質につきての研究第一報 504 523 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 雜草種子の發芽の研究（二）種子の後熱並に變温と發芽との關係 398 408 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 雜草種子の發芽の研究（一）特に發芽に及ぼす光線及び變温の影響に就きて 357 397 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 雜草種實の研究第七報蓼科一 339 356 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 雜草種實の研究第六報菊科一 311 338 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 種子の一〇ヵ年貯藏の例鹽化石灰添加による貯藏 304 310 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 林木種子の貯藏試驗第一報殻斗科種子 283 303 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 小麥の防濕紙袋貯藏試驗第二報附玄米の紙袋貯藏 146 155 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 稻の短期栽培としての晩化法(三) 136 145 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 冬季に於ける米の日照乾燥とその効率 114 135 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 米穀のサイロ貯藏の實驗第三報乾燥不良米を火力乾燥したる後四ヶ年餘貯藏 95 113 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 食鹽添加が米殻貯藏に及ぼす影響 78 94 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 玄米を鑵に入れ乾燥劑を添加したる貯藏試驗（五）乾燥普通なる米の二ヶ年貯藏 71 77 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 玄米を鑵に入れ乾燥劑を添加したる貯藏試驗（四） ―乾燥不良米に生石灰を添加して三ヶ年半貯藏― 63 70 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 米の品種鑑識の研究第四報玄米の沃度檢定 49 62 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 米の品種鑑識の研究第三報米のアルカリ檢定 28 48 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 米の品種鑑識の研究第二報第二報石炭酸フクシンによる玄米の品種鑑識（二） 15 27 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 32 1941 米の品種鑑識の研究第一報石炭酸フクシンによる玄米の品種鑑識（一） 1 14 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 31 1939 小麥及小麥粉に關する主要文獻目録（第二輯） 451 482 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 31 1939 稻及米に關する邦文主要文獻目録第四輯 407 450 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 31 1939 雜草種實の研究第五報禾本科三 269 289 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 31 1939 雜草種實の研究第四報雜の部一 238 268 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 31 1939 乾燥不良米の五ヶ年半の低温貯藏に就きて 232 237 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 31 1939 大麥、小麥、大豆、蕓薹等農産種實の等級檢査に就きて（第二報） 186 231 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 31 1939 稻の短期栽培としての晩化法（續） 177 185 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 31 1939 小麥大麥のフヱノール着色の原因並にパラクレゾール、ベンチヂン等の着色反應に就きて 121 176 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 31 1939 フヱノール着色と大麥の品種鑑識（第二報） 100 120 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 31 1939 フヱノール着色と大麥の品種鑑識 89 99 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

大原農業研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 31 1939 小麥の防濕紙袋貯藏試驗第一報 71 88 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.