Scanning tunneling microscopy images for two isomers of Ce@C-82 were observed on Si(111)-(7x7) at 295 K. The Ce@C-82 molecules in the first layer were bound to the Si surfaces, and the motions were frozen even at 295 K. The multilayer of the Ce@C-82 isomer I (Ce@C-82-I) produced a close-packed structure in the surface layer by annealing the Si substrate at 473 K. The distance between the nearest-neighboring molecules was 1.15(4) nm whose value was consistent with that, 1.12 nm, estimated from x-ray diffraction of the Ce@C-82-I crystals. This implies that the close-packed structure is dominated by van der Waals forces, as in crystals of Ce@C-82-I. The internal structure of Ce@C-82-I was observed in the first layer due to a freeze of molecular motion caused by strong interactions between the molecule and the Si adatoms in the surface. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy revealed that the energy gaps for Ce@C-82-I and -II in the first layer opened to gap energies, E-g of 0.7 and 1.0 eV, respectively. This fact suggests that these molecules are semiconductors with smaller value of E-g than those for C-60 and C-70.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujikiSatoshi en-aut-sei=Fujiki en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KubozonoYoshihiro en-aut-sei=Kubozono en-aut-mei=Yoshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=RikiishiYoshie en-aut-sei=Rikiishi en-aut-mei=Yoshie kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=UrisuTsuneo en-aut-sei=Urisu en-aut-mei=Tsuneo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate University for Advanced Studies affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Science and Technology Agency affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate University for Advanced Studies en-keyword=electronic-structure kn-keyword=electronic-structure en-keyword=endohedral metallofullerenes kn-keyword=endohedral metallofullerenes en-keyword=microscopy kn-keyword=microscopy en-keyword=lanthanum kn-keyword=lanthanum en-keyword=crystal kn-keyword=crystal en-keyword=anion kn-keyword=anion en-keyword=films kn-keyword=films END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=122 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2005 dt-pub=20050215 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=On the thermodynamic stability and structural transition of clathrate hydrates en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Gas mixtures of methane and ethane form structure II clathrate hydrates despite the fact that each of pure methane and pure ethane gases forms the structure I hydrate. Optimization of the interaction potential parameters for methane and ethane is attempted so as to reproduce the dissociation pressures of each simple hydrate containing either methane or ethane alone. An account for the structural transitions between type I and type II hydrates upon changing the mole fraction of the gas mixture is given on the basis of the van der Waals and Platteeuw theory with these optimized potentials. Cage occupancies of the two kinds of hydrates are also calculated as functions of the mole fraction at the dissociation pressure and at a fixed pressure well above the dissociation pressure. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KoyamaYuji en-aut-sei=Koyama en-aut-mei=Yuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaHideki en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KogaKenichiro en-aut-sei=Koga en-aut-mei=Kenichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University en-keyword=STRUCTURE-II kn-keyword=STRUCTURE-II en-keyword=POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS kn-keyword=POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS en-keyword=ETHANE kn-keyword=ETHANE en-keyword=METHANE kn-keyword=METHANE en-keyword=GAS kn-keyword=GAS en-keyword=MOLECULES kn-keyword=MOLECULES en-keyword=MIXTURES kn-keyword=MIXTURES en-keyword=PROPANE kn-keyword=PROPANE en-keyword=WATER kn-keyword=WATER END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=55 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20080314 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Modelling the dynamics and control of Schistosoma japonicum transmission on Bohol island, the Philippines en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We have investigated a mathematical model for the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in the infested region of northeastern Bohol island in the Philippines. The development of transmission models is important for planning control strategies. Since S. japonicum has a complicated mode of transmission, the rates of transmission among its hosts cannot be measured directly by field observation. Instead, they have been estimated through model analysis. The model takes into account the seasonal variations and includes a function of control measures. In 1981, a project to eliminate schistosomiasis started on Bohol island. The prevalence decreased dramatically and has kept low level less than 1%. The simulations based on the model predicted that there is little probability of resurgence of an epidemic in the northeastem endemic villages of Bohol island due to the fact that the project has attained a high coverage of selective mass treatment based oil stool examination accompanied by a successful snail control operation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IshikawaHirofumi en-aut-sei=Ishikawa en-aut-mei=Hirofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhmaeHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ohmae en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=PangilinanRogelio en-aut-sei=Pangilinan en-aut-mei=Rogelio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=RedullaApolinario en-aut-sei=Redulla en-aut-mei=Apolinario kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsudaHajime en-aut-sei=Matsuda en-aut-mei=Hajime kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Infectious Diseases affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Schistosomiasis Control Team affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Schistosomiasis Control Team affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Dokkyo University School of Medicine en-keyword=schistosomiasis japonica kn-keyword=schistosomiasis japonica en-keyword=control kn-keyword=control en-keyword=mathematical model kn-keyword=mathematical model en-keyword=Philippines kn-keyword=Philippines en-keyword=Bohol kn-keyword=Bohol END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=62 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=198 end-page=212 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2000 dt-pub=20008 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A class of abstract quasi-linear evolution equations of second order en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this paper we study the abstract quasi-linear evolution equation of second order
formula here
in a general banach space z. it is well-known that the abstract quasi-linear theory due to kato [10, 11] is widely applicable to quasi-linear partial differential equations of second order and that his theory is based on the theory of semigroups of class (C0). (for example, see the work of hughes et al. [9] and heard [8].) however, even in the special case where a (t,w, v) = a is independent of (t, w, v), it is found in [2] and [14] that there exist linear partial differential equations of second order for which cauchy problems are not solvable by the theory of semigroups of class (C0) but fit into the mould of well-posed problems where the solution and its derivative depend continuously on the initial data if the initial condition is measured in the graph norm of a suitable power of a. (see also work by krein and khazan [13] and fattorini [6, chapter 8].) this kind of cauchy problem has recently been studied extensively, using the theory of integrated semigroups or regularized semigroups. the theory of integrated semigroups was studied intensively by arendt [1] and that of regularized semigroups was initiated by da prato [3] and renewed by davies and pang [4]. for the theory of regularized semigroups we refer the reader to [5] and [16].
(u(t),v(t))' = Ãu(t)(u(t),v(t)) for t∈[0,T] and (u(0),v(0)) = (φ,ψ)
in a suitable Banach space X, where for each solution w of equation (1.1) the matrix operator Aw(t) in X is defined by Aw(t)(u,v)=(v,A(t,w(t),w'(t)) u). We are here interested in studying the case where each matrix operator Aw(t) is the (complete infinitesimal) generator of a regularized semigroup on X. In Section 3 we set up basic hypotheses on the operators appearing in equation (1.1), and prove a fundamental existence and uniqueness theorem (Theorem 3.6) for the Cauchy problem (1.1). The proof is based on the theory of regularized evolution operators developed by the
author [15], and a method of successive approximations proposed by Kobayasi and Sanekata [12] is applied to construct a unique twice continuously differentiable function u satisfying equation (1.1).
Our formulation includes the abstract quasi-linear wave equation of Kirchhoff
type
u"(t)+m(|A1/2u(t)|2)Au(t)=0 (1.2)
in a real Hilbert space H, where A is a nonnegative selfadjoint operator in H. Section 4 presents a regularized semigroup theoretical approach to the local solvability of equation (1.2) in the `degenerate case' where the function m(r) has zeros (Theorems 4.1 and 4.2), by using the result obtained in Section 3. In Section 2 we summarize some results on the generation of a regularized evolution operator associated with the linearized equation of (1.1), under the `regularized stability ' condition, and show that the family of matrix operators used to solve the linearized equation (1.2) satisfies the regularized stability condition. This fact will be useful for our arguments in Section 4.
This paper describes a non-contact optical measuring approach by which to measure the three-dimensional (3D) shape of a transparent object such as a glass panel or an acrylic plate. In conventional approaches to obtain the 3D shape of a transparent object, contact-type sensors have been widely used. However, the measurement accuracy of contact-type sensors is susceptible to the influence of various factors. In this paper, we propose a novel triangulation-based rangefinding approach that can be applied to the 3D shape of a transparent object or to an opaque object. The rangefinder is based on the fact that the light projected onto the surface of a transparent object is in part reflected by the surface, though the majority of the projected light is transmitted through the surface. From the experimental results, the proposed rangefinding approach has the advantage that it can easily measure the 3D-shape of an object if the object reflects or transmits light, depending on its location. As a result, we conclude that the proposed approach has great potential for a wide range of industrial applications.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NaritaDaisuke en-aut-sei=Narita en-aut-mei=Daisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=BabaMitsuru en-aut-sei=Baba en-aut-mei=Mitsuru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtaniKozo en-aut-sei=Ohtani en-aut-mei=Kozo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima Institute of Technology en-keyword=laser ranging kn-keyword=laser ranging en-keyword=light reflection kn-keyword=light reflection en-keyword=opacity kn-keyword=opacity en-keyword=shape measurement kn-keyword=shape measurement en-keyword=transparency kn-keyword=transparency END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=61 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=17 end-page=30 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2007 dt-pub=200702 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Biochemical characterization of reactive nitrogen species by eosinophil peroxidase in tyrosine nitration en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=It is well known that eosinophils are involved in tyrosine nitration. In this study, we evaluated tyrosine nitration by rat eosinophils isolated from peritoneal fl uid and constituent eosinophils in the stomach. Rat peritoneal eosinophils activated with 1 μM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and 50 μM NO2 ﾝ showed immunostaining for nitrotyrosine only in smaller cells, despite the fact that eosinophils are capable of producing superoxide (O2·ﾝ). Free tyrosine nitrating capacity after incubation with PMA and NO2 ﾝ was 4-fold higher in eosinophils than in neutrophils. Catalase and ｸ- and ｺ -tocopherol inhibited free tyrosine nitration by reactive nitrogen species from eosinophils but not that by peroxynitrite. Superoxide dismutase augmented free tyrosine nitration by activated eosinophils and peroxynitrite. The concentration of nitric oxide released from eosinophils was relatively low (0.32 μM/106 cells/h) and did not contribute to the formation of nitrotyrosine. On the other hand, most constituent eosinophils constituent in the rat stomach stimulated by PMA and NO2 ﾝ showed tyrosine nitration capacity. These results suggest that intact cells other than apoptotic-like eosinophils eluted in the intraperitoneal cavity could not generate reactive species responsible for nitration by a peroxidase-dependent mechanism. In contrast, normal eosinophils in the stomach were capable of nitration, suggesting that the characteristics of eosinophils in gastric mucosa are diff erent from those eluted in the peritoneal cavity.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakemotoKei en-aut-sei=Takemoto en-aut-mei=Kei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OginoKeiki en-aut-sei=Ogino en-aut-mei=Keiki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=WangDa-Hong en-aut-sei=Wang en-aut-mei=Da-Hong kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakigawaTomoko en-aut-sei=Takigawa en-aut-mei=Tomoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurosawaCarmen M. en-aut-sei=Kurosawa en-aut-mei=Carmen M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KambayashiYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Kambayashi en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=HibinoYuri en-aut-sei=Hibino en-aut-mei=Yuri kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=HitomiYoshiaki en-aut-sei=Hitomi en-aut-mei=Yoshiaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=IchimuraHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ichimura en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Kanazawa University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Kanazawa University affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Kanazawa University affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Kanazawa University affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Kanazawa University en-keyword=eosinophil peroxidase kn-keyword=eosinophil peroxidase en-keyword=reactive nitrogen species kn-keyword=reactive nitrogen species en-keyword=nitrotyrosine kn-keyword=nitrotyrosine END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=57 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=235 end-page=240 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2003 dt-pub=200310 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Cutaneous manifestations of anthrax in Eastern Anatolia: a review of 39 cases. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Anthrax is essentially a disease of grazing herbivorous animals. The most common form of the disease is cutaneous anthrax, which accounts for 95% of all cases. We report here 39 cutaneous anthrax cases in humans that were seen in Eastern Anatolia over a six-year period. The clinical presentation was malignant edema in 16 of the cases (41%) and malignant pustule in 23 (59%). A secondary bacterial infection was present in 13 patients (33.3%) in the vicinity of the lesions. The agent was observed using Gram-stained smears in 25 patients (64%), and Bacillus anthracis was isolated from 15 patients (38.5%). All of the patients were treated with penicillin G or penicillin procaine, except one patient who had a penicillin allergy. One patient with cervical edema (2.5%) died as a result of laryngeal edema and sepsis syndrome. In conclusion, we found that the appearance of the skin lesion of cutaneous anthrax may vary, and this fact, combined with the rarity of this disease, which contributes to a general lack of experience among medical personnel, may make diagnosis difficult in nonagricultural settings
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IrmakHasan en-aut-sei=Irmak en-aut-mei=Hasan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=BuzganTuran en-aut-sei=Buzgan en-aut-mei=Turan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KarahocagilMustafa Kasim en-aut-sei=Karahocagil en-aut-mei=Mustafa Kasim kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakaryaNurten en-aut-sei=Sakarya en-aut-mei=Nurten kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkdenizHayrettin en-aut-sei=Akdeniz en-aut-mei=Hayrettin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=CaksenHuseyin en-aut-sei=Caksen en-aut-mei=Huseyin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=DemirozPekcan en-aut-sei=Demiroz en-aut-mei=Pekcan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Yuzuncu Yil University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Yuzuncu Yil University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Yuzuncu Yil University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Yuzuncu Yil University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Yuzuncu Yil University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Yuzuncu Yil University affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Yuzuncu Yil University en-keyword=cutaneous anthrax kn-keyword=cutaneous anthrax en-keyword=clinical findings kn-keyword=clinical findings en-keyword=treatment kn-keyword=treatment en-keyword=prognosis kn-keyword=prognosis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=57 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=53 end-page=58 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2003 dt-pub=200304 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Increase of S-100 protein-positive stellate cells in the anterior pituitary of chronic alcoholic patients with fatty liver or fatty cirrhosis. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Healthy subjects 40 years old were used as controls in a study of stellate cells (S-100 protein-containing cells, or S-100 cells) in subjects with chronic alcoholism and fatty liver or fatty cirrhosis. S-100 cells were sparsely found in the adenohypophysis of control subjects, and these cells sometimes formed small clusters. However, in chronic alcoholics with fatty liver or fatty cirrhosis, the number of stellate cells in the anterior pituitary tended to be 17 times higher than it was in the control group. No increase in the number of S-100 positive cells that constitute the large and small follicles in the intermediate pituitary. The physiological function of the S-100 protein has not yet been identified. The fact that an increase in prolactin-secreting and growth hormone-secreting cells, as well as a decrease in gonadotrophs were observed in the hypophysis of alcoholics suggests that the function of stellate cells may be closely related to these phenomena. Our results also imply that the stellate cells found in the anterior and intermediate pituitary differ in function although they both produce S-100 proteins.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IshikawaTakaki en-aut-sei=Ishikawa en-aut-mei=Takaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TachibanaToshiaki en-aut-sei=Tachibana en-aut-mei=Toshiaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshikawaHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ishikawa en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyaishiSatoru en-aut-sei=Miyaishi en-aut-mei=Satoru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshizuHideo en-aut-sei=Ishizu en-aut-mei=Hideo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Jikei University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Jikei University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=S-100 protein kn-keyword=S-100 protein en-keyword=pituitary kn-keyword=pituitary en-keyword=alcoholism kn-keyword=alcoholism END