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A cell line (HGC-27) was established by culture of the metastatic lymph node from a gastric cancer patient diagnosed histologically as undifferentiated carcinoma. HGC-27 cells were polygonal or short spindle-shaped and adhered to glass surfaces as a monolayer. The cells were probably derived from gastric cancer cells, as their origin from mesenchymal tissues can be excluded morphologically and enzyme-histochemically. Enzyme activities were generally negative or low, except for adenosine triphosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase and leucine aminopeptidase. These scanty findings might reflect the undifferentiated character of the original tumor cells. The cloning efficiency was 5.3% in liquid medium and 1.0% in soft agar. The doubling time was about 17 hr. Chromosomal analysis revealed a mode of 109 and 110 chromosomes.

A case with prolonged bacterial infection accompanied by an abnormal serum protein which migrated in the post-gamma region on electrophoresis is presented. The abnormal protein was identified as IgG with gamma-type light chain moiety. The patient suffered from prolonged pneumonia and cholecystitis, Bone marrow aspiration and skeletal x-rays did not indicate multiple myeloma.

Es wurde Untersuchungen an Mausen mit dem Rinder-Monokomponente-Insulin und der Rinder-a-Komponente durchgefGhrt, urn den Nachweis zu erbringen, ob das Monokomponente. Insulin oder die a-Komponente als ein Insulitis-erzeugendes Antigen dienen kann. Dabei wurden die Tiere mit den Substanzen, die jeweils mit Freund's complete adjuvant wiederholt verabreicht wurden, aktiv immunisiert und weiterhin untersucht auf eine dadurch bewirkte Insulitis. (1) Bei den mit dem Rinder-MonokomponenteInsulin sensibilisierten Gruppen kam die Insulitis bei 1 von 8 Fallen in der 20. Woche nach der ersten Sensibilisierung und bei 5 von 10 Fallen in der 28. Woche zur Erscheinung. (2) Bei den mit der a-Komponente behandelten Gruppen liet3 sich die Insulitis bei 0 von 9 Fallen in der 20. Woche nach dem Sensibilisierungsbeginn und auch bei 1 von 10 Fallen in der 28. Woche nachweisen. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dat3 das Monokomponente-Insulin als ein Insulitis-erzeugendes Antigen wirken kann. Dagegen war nur ein Fall von Insulitis befallen unter 19 Tieren, die mit der a-Komponente behandelt wurden.

The surface structure of myeloma cells was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The cells were collected from the pleural effusion of a multiple myeloma patient and purified by Conray-Ficoll gradient sedimentation. The cell size ranged from 8 mu to 12 mu in diameter and the microvilli were from 0.8 mu to 1.2 mu in length. The surfaces of the majority of the observed myeloma cells were more villous than lymphocytes.

An anomalous zymogram of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the serum from a patient with liver cirrhosis was reported. Agar-gel electrophoresis of serum showed an extra LDH band close to the anodic side of LDH5 and a wide band of LDH5. Gel filtration of patient's serum in Sephadex G-200 demonstrated an abnormal LDH fraction eluted between immunoglobulin G (IgG) and macroglobulin in addition to a normal LDH component. Chromatographically abnormal LDH was demonstrated on agar gel as extra and wide LDH5 bands and resembled closely human hepatic LDH in various physico-chemical properties such as inhibition by urea or substrate, stability against heat, and Michaelis-Menten's constant. Immunological analyses demonstrated that abnormal LDH could be in the state combined with IgG. Molecular weight of the complex estimated by gel filtration was approximately 300,000. Mixtures of the heated patient's serum with normal or patient's hepatic LDH showed abnormal LDH fraction by gel filtration, whereas abnormal fraction was not demonstrated when heated normal serum was mixed with normal or the patient's hepatic LDH. These results strongly suggest that the occurrence of anomalous LDH zymogram in patient's serum is due to a formation of LDH-IgG complex, which is based on the binding of essentially normal hepatic LDH and abnormal IgG.

Experimentelle Produktion der Immun-Insu1itis wurde aufgrund der aktiven Immunisierung der Mause vom dd-Stamm durch wiederholte Gabe vom rekristallisierten Rinderinsulin im Abstand von 4 Wochen unternommen. Wahrend der Zeitdauer vom 3. Tag bis zur 28. Woche nach der ersten Sensibilisierung wurden serologische sowie histo1ogische Untersuchungen an diesen Tieren vorgenommen. Dabei ergaben sich fo1gende Befunde: (1) Die Immunlnsulitis kam bei allen von 58 Fallen bis zu 16 Wochen nach dem Sensibilisierungsbeginn nicht zur Erscheinung, und trat bei 2 von 8 Fallen erst in der 20. Woche und dann bei 3 von 8 Fallen in der 28. Woche in die Erscheinung. (2) Kein signifikanter Unterschied bestand in Hinsicht des insulinverbindenden Antikorpertiters im Blut zwischen den Fallen mit und ohne Immun-Insulitis in der 20. Woche sowie in der 28. Woche. (3) 1m Zeitlauf gab es aber eine gute Koinzidenz zwischen der Entstehung der Immun-Insulitis und der Herabsetzung des Antikorpertiters im Blut. (4) Untersuchungen des Pankreas mit Hi1fe der direkten Fluoreszenz-Antikorpermethode ergaben keine erkennbare spezifische Fluoreszenz innerhalb der Langerhansschen Inseln. Diese Untersuchungsergebnisse liefern der Ansicht einen Beweis, da~ die Insulitis, die fUr den mensch1ichen Diabetes mellitus spezifisch ist, mindestens zum Teil durch einen immuno1ogischen Mechanismus entstehen konnte.

The macrophage migration inhibition activity [MI activity) was stable in sensitized lymphocyte-to-marcophage ratios of 1:5 to 1:20 in mice. Antigen protein concentrations under 100 mug/ml did not induce nonspecific macrophage migration inhibition. Inhibition of tumor proliferation and survival was observed after a combined injection of BCG and MH-134 cells. After a single injection of MH-134 tumor cells, MI activity was reinforced and prolonged, demonstrating the clear effects of BCG as adjuvant. In DDS mice MI activity was weakened in the regional lymph node after a subcutaneous injection of just above or below 10(5) Ehrlich cancer cells previously treated with mitomycin C. This finding suggests the presence of an optimal tumor antigen concentration.

A case of alcaptonuria combined with aortic insufficiency was found in a 28-year-old male. The patient was palpitating at admission. The daily excretion of homogentisic acid was 2.0-6.0 g. Electrocardiography indicated atrial fibrillation and left ventricular hypertrophy with a ST-T change and right axis deviation. Cartilage tissues in the knee-joints showed no pigmentation. Vertebral X-ray revealed no calcification. The patient's history disclosed a family intermarriage in his grandparents. The patient's mother noticed the presence of black stains on diapers in his infancy and brown pigmentation on the skin and sclera in childhood. No kin had similar symptoms.

Neocarzinostain (NCS) was first used by Hiraki and his colleagues for induction chemotherapy in acute leukemia. This new anti-tumor agent is a polypeptide with a high molecular weight of 10,700 daltons. Anti-NCS antibody was produced in rabbits administered NCS intramuscularly with or without adjuvant. The production of anti-NCS antibody in patients treated with NCS was investigated. Forty three leukemia cases of various types were examined totally 65 times. Two mg of NCS for four consecutive days by intravenous drip infusion followed by 7 to 10 days of pause was repeatedly administered. The total amounts ranged 8 to 174 mg and the total periods 4 to 87 days. The methods used to measure the antibody titer are the passive hemagglutination (PHA) test on microplate and the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in guinea pigs. The sera of all patients showed only non-specific agglutination at less than 2(3) dilution by PHA test, and to confirm these results four patient sera were tested by PCA reaction. The production of anti-NCS antibody was not detected in patients by PHA test and PCA reaction. The anaphylactic reaction and other adverse reactions due to anti-NCS adtibody production were not demonstrated in patients. Anti-NCS antibody was not detected by these experiments in the dose schedule administered.

"Smoldering acute leukemia", a variant of acute myelogenous leukemia, has been recognized with frequent incidence in recent years. This is chracterized by benign clinical course, poor physical findings, leukopenia and mild anemia in the peripheral blood, and apparent infiltration of abnormal myeloblasts in the bone marrow. Immunological studies of the host defence mechanism were made, because the pathogenesis of its "smoldering" course has never been well understood. Nine cases, seen during last 2 years, were investigated for immunological profile, especially the cellular immunity. Purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test, i.e., tuberculin test, was found to be positive in 8 of 9 cases (88.9%). Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) sensitization test showed to be positive in 4 of 6 cases examined (66.9%). Peripheral lymphocyte balstogenesis by stimulating with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was evaluated using the smear counting method. The blastoid lymphocyte ratio was 55% at the median value (range: 31-68%), compared with 63% in normal young control (age: 25-32) and 41% in normal aged control (age: 60-75). In this report, the cellular immunity in smoldering acute leukemia was proved to be preserved at the normal level and to be more competent than that in aged group. The preserved cellular immunity is considered to explain the phenomenon of "smoldering", in other words, the exacerbating proliferation of leukemic cells is suppressed by immuno-surveillance system.

The effect of 6-hydroxydopamine on repeated nicotine-induced tail-tremor was investigated in rats. Tail-tremor induced by nicotine (0.5 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) became more pronounced in intensity with daily administration for 9 days. Rats pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine (250 micrograms, intracerebroventricularly) showed almost the maximum degree of tail-tremor during the whole experimental period. However, in rats pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine plus desipramine, enhancement of tail-tremor was slight in the beginning but increased with the daily nicotine administration. Fourteen-day administration of nicotine did not result in significant changes in noradrenaline and dopamine levels in the cortex, hypothalamus, striatum and nucleus accumbens. These results suggest that nicotine-induced tail-tremor is associated with the supersensitivity of postsynaptic catecholaminergic receptors in the central nervous system, and that the noradrenergic system may be more important than the dopaminergic system in this phenomenon.

Affinity electrophoresis of human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in amniotic fluid from pregnant women between 6 to 42 weeks of gestation and in the serum of a yolk sac tumor was performed with concanavalin A (Con A), lentil lectin (LCA), erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin (E-PHA) and Allomyrina dichotoma lectin (allo A). Separated AFP bands were detected by sensitive antibody-affinity blotting. In the first trimester, amniotic fluid AFP showed elevated percentages of Con A-nonreacting AFP (AFP-C1) and LCA weakly-reacting AFP (AFP-L2) as previously reported. Additionally, high percentages of E-PHA strongly-reacting AFP (AFP-P5) and E-PHA-reacting AFP (AFP-P4) were observed. E-PHA-nonreacting AFP (AFP-P1), E-PHA weakly-reacting AFP (AFP-P3f), allo A-nonreacting AFP (AFP-A1) and asialo-AFP, AFP-A1 s, were present only in amniotic fluids from 6 to 17 weeks of gestation. With advancing gestation, percentages of AFP-C1, AFP-P4 and AFP-P5 decreased and AFP-L2, AFP-P3f, AFP-A1, and AFP-A1 s disappeared by the end of 18 weeks. The glycoforms of serum AFP of the yolk sac tumor resembled those of amniotic fluid AFP in the early gestational stages.

There are few reports on skeletal reconstruction using the bone transport technique to repair bone defects caused by resections of tumors associated with osteosarcoma. We attempted to reconstruct a 23 cm bone defect after resection of an osteosarcoma of the left femur, and succeeded in gaining 17 cm by bone transport. Five years after surgery, this patient remains alive without metastasis or local recurrence.

Mast cells in osteoarthritic and rheumatoid arthritic synovial tissues of the human knee.

The fibrous components of the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint including the palmar plate, the collateral ligament and the dorsal plate were studied with particular attention paid to the fibrous structure of the fibrous tendon sheath and the deep transverse metacarpal ligament. The tough fibrillar structure around the MP joint, especially the force nucleus, consisted of three types of mixed fibers: the fibrous tendon sheath of the A1 pulley, the deep transverse metacarpal ligament, and the palmar plate. The tendon sheath was located on the ulnar side in the index and middle fingers, on the central position in the ring finger, and on the radial side in the little finger. These fibrous connections among the fingers formed a transverse arch in the hand. The palmar plate of the MP joint was relatively rigid and appears to function as a cushion when flexed. A fold-like protrusion of the synovial layer of the palmar plate of the MP joint had a meniscoid function, which was larger than that of the proximal interphalangeal joint. The capsule of the MP joint was thicker at the dorsal area, forming a dorsal plate, which is a sliding floor of the extensor mechanism and has a meniscoid function for joint congruity. The main lateral stabilizer consisted of collateral ligaments and accessory collateral ligaments anchored to the palmar plate. These structures act together as a "phalangeal cuff", connecting the proximal phalanx to the metacarpal head and sta

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the stomach is etiologically closely associated with chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. In this study, we examined the antibody responses and cytokine profiles of three strains of mice (BALB/c, C3H/He, and C57BL/6) infected with H. pylori. Following this, correlations between host-immune reactions and intensity of inflammation were analyzed. H. pylori (ATCC43504) was intragastrically administered once a week to the mice from 4 weeks of age, and they were sacrificed at the ages of 4 and 7 months. In these mice, we examined the histology of the stomach, antibody titers against H. pylori, and serum levels of cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, TNF-alpha, IL-2 and Interferon-gamma). In BALB/c mice, inflammation of the stomach was minimal. Inflammation was observed in 63.6% of C57BL/6 mice and 33.3% of C3h/He mice. In C57BL/6 and C3H/He mice, all the cytokines tended to increase. In contrast, BALB/c mice were inactive in cytokine production except for IL-2. Two C3H/He mice developed severe inflammation with lymph follicles; one showed a response largely typical of Th-1, and the other showed a response largely typical of Th-2. Although a definite correlation was not shown between Th-1/Th-2 response evaluated by cytokine production and intensity of inflammation, it appears that in H. pylori-induced inflammation both cell-mediated (Th-1) and humoral (Th-2) immunity play a role in pathogenesis.

To establish a method for estimating the time between the last consumption of alcohol and death, we examined the ethanol levels in body fluids and tissues of rats that had been orally administered 1 g/kg ethanol. We observed the following relationships between ethanol levels in the cardiac blood (blood in the heart itself), vitreous humor, and urine: cardiac blood > vitreous humor > urine at 10 min (early absorption stage); vitreous humor > cardiac blood > urine from 20 to 50 min (late absorption stage); vitreous humor > urine > cardiac blood from 60 to 120 min (distribution stage); and urine > vitreous humor > cardiac blood at 180 min (excretion stage). It was also observed that, in cases of death immediately following drinking, ethanol levels in the stomach contents are very high, and the following ratios of ethanol levels were observed: skeletal muscle to cardiac blood--less than 1; liver to cardiac blood--around 1. buccal mucosa to cardiac blood-greater than 1. These ratios at equilibrium after drinking were around 1, lower than 1 and around 1, respectively. We also measured alcohol levels in the cardiac blood, urine, vitreous humor and stomach contents of nine cadavers who had consumed alcohol prior to death. The relationships between the time since last consumption of alcohol and relative ethanol levels in these specimens were in good accordance with the results of the animal experiments.

There are few reports on skeletal reconstruction using the bone transport technique to repair bone defects caused by resections of tumors associated with osteosarcoma. We attempted to reconstruct a 23 cm bone defect after resection of an osteosarcoma of the left femur, and succeeded in gaining 17 cm by bone transport. Five years after surgery, this patient remains alive without metastasis or local recurrence.

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of 5-fluorouracil antineoplastics, cephem antibiotics containing the methyltetrazolylthiol (MTT) group and antidiabetics on aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity in vivo and in vitro. In in vivo experiments, rats were given a 100 mg/kg dose of drugs (10 mg/kg for glibenclamide) orally or intraperitoneally. When each drug was administered singly immediately after an oral administration of 1.5 g/kg ethanol, only carmofur, an antineoplastic, produced marked increases in blood acetaldehyde concentrations. This action was also noted when ethanol was ingested 15 h after administration. The remaining drugs did not increase blood acetaldehyde concentrations. When rats were treated with carmofur at 12 h intervals for 3 consecutive days and were given 1.5 g/kg ethanol after the final treatment, blood acetaldehyde concentrations were elevated more significantly than with a single administration of carmofur. Furthermore, daily administration of cephem antibiotics containing the MTT group, latamoxef, cefamandole, cefoperazone and cefbuperazone, significantly increased blood acetaldehyde concentrations. Daily administration of sulfonylurea antidiabetics, chlorpropamide and acetohexamide, slightly increased blood acetaldehyde concentrations. Drugs causing increases in blood acetaldehyde concentrations when administration was combined with ethanol ingestion also inhibited ALDH activity in vitro. The results of the in vitro experiments roughly correlated with those of the in vivo experiments. The inhibitory effects of drugs on ALDH activity were in the following order: carmofur >> cephem antibiotics containing the MTT group > sulfonylurea antidiabetics.