Pharmaceutical Society of Japan Acta Medica Okayama 0918-6158 49 6 2026 Effect of Deuterated Drugs on Safety: Insights from Pharmacovigilance Data Analysis 983 988 EN Kohei Kitagawa Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama Psychiatric Medical Center Hideki Nawa Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University Shota Asai Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University Naohiro Iwata Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital Takahiro Niimura Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Hirofumi Hamano Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital Mitsuhiro Goda Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Yoshito Zamami Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital Keisuke Ishizawa Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. Tetrabenazine (TBZ), a vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitor, is commonly used to manage chorea; however, it may exhibit fluctuating plasma levels and elicit frequent adverse events. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of TBZ deuteration on its safety profile. We compared the safety profiles of TBZ and deutetrabenazine (DTBZ) in real-world clinical practice using disproportionality analysis and the large-scale pharmacovigilance database, VigiBase—the WHO’s global database of adverse drug reactions. Adverse event signals were assessed using the information component (IC). Seriousness was classified according to clinical outcome, and time to onset (TTO) was analyzed for selected events. TBZ showed signals for disorientation, dystonia, and sleep disorders (IC025 > 0), whereas DTBZ did not. Serious adverse events were reported in 54.7% of TBZ cases and 37.9% of DTBZ cases. The TTO of sleep disorder was also evaluated; however, the number of cases with available TTO information was limited. DTBZ showed fewer adverse event signals and a lower proportion of serious adverse events than TBZ. These findings suggest potential differences in the safety profiles of the two drugs, which may influence tolerability in the treatment of HD. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japan Surgical Society Acta Medica Okayama 2198-7793 12 1 2026 Successful Lung Transplantation after Plasma Exchange in a Patient with High Thermal Amplitude Cold Agglutinins: A Case Report cr.26-0502 EN Yuya Miyoshi Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Kentaroh Miyoshi Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Naomi Asano Division of Transfusion and Cell Therapy, Okayama University Hospital Haruchika Yamamoto Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Shin Tanaka Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Shuji Okahara Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Mikio Okazaki Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Okayama, Japan Seiichiro Sugimoto Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Nobuharu Fujii Division of Transfusion and Cell Therapy, Okayama University Hospital Shinichi Toyooka Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital INTRODUCTION: Cold agglutinins (CAs) are immunoglobulin M autoantibodies that induce red blood cell agglutination at low temperatures and may cause hemolytic or thrombotic complications during procedures associated with hypothermia. In lung transplantation (LT), blood may be exposed to low temperatures within the reperfused lung graft and the extracorporeal circulation circuit, potentially increasing the risk of CA-mediated complications. However, the perioperative significance of CAs in this setting remains unclear, and optimal management has not been established. We report a case of successful bilateral LT in a patient with high-thermal-amplitude CAs managed with preoperative plasma exchange (PLEX) and strict intraoperative temperature control.<br> CASE PRESENTATION: A 55-year-old man with diffuse panbronchiolitis and secondary pulmonary hypertension was listed for bilateral LT. Preoperative testing incidentally revealed clinically significant CAs, with a titer of 1:128 at 4°C and a thermal amplitude of 30°C. Because intraoperative blood temperature might approach this threshold despite active warming, a single preoperative session of PLEX using 36 units of fresh frozen plasma was performed to reduce the risk of a CA-mediated complication. Bilateral LT was subsequently completed under meticulous temperature management, including extracorporeal circulation maintained at 37.5°C, continuous systematic warming, avoidance of topical ice application, and rewarming of the donor lungs before reperfusion. After surgery, the CA titer decreased to 1:32. The postoperative course was uneventful, without thromboembolic events, primary graft dysfunction, or bronchial complications.<br> CONCLUSIONS: LT may be performed safely in selected patients with high-thermal-amplitude CAs when careful perioperative temperature control is combined with preoperative PLEX. PLEX should be considered when the anticipated intraoperative temperature is expected to approach the patient’s thermal amplitude threshold. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Geological Society of America Acta Medica Okayama 0091-7613 53 11 2025 Long-term and multi-stage ice accumulation in the martian mid-latitudes during the Amazonian 945 950 EN Trishit Ruj Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Hanaya Okuda Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research (X-star), JAMSTEC Goro Komatsu International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Università d’Annunzio Hitoshi Hasegawa Department of Global Environment and Disaster Prevention, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University James W. Head Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University Tomohiro Usui Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Shun Mihira Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Makito Kobayashi Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo Subsurface ice in the mid-latitudes of Mars represents one of the largest present-day water ice reservoirs. While atmospheric models predict Late Amazonian (during the past hundreds of millions of years) obliquity-driven ice accumulation, its long-term variations, and the factors influencing accumulation remain unclear. Using geomorphological evidence and numerical modeling, we reveal a southwestern depositional trend within northern mid-latitudinal crater walls and floors. Detailed crater-fill deposit analyses indicate multiple glaciation stages, including an earlier, high-intensity stage followed by a later, lower-intensity stage, both exhibiting this southwestern trend (ca. 640–98 Ma). We conclude that persistent multiple-stage Amazonian glaciations were governed by atmospheric water availability and obliquity-driven climate cycles. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 80 3 2026 Peripheral Blood T-Cell Receptor Repertoire and Host Immune Background in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy 169 178 EN Yuki Nakamura Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital Takayuki Iwamoto Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital Yukiko Kajiwara Department of Breast Surgery, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital Akira Hida Department of Pathology, Matsuyama Shimin Hospital Shogo Nakamoto Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Yuichiro Miyoshi Department of Breast Endocrine Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Center Hospital Tadahiko Shien Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Masahiko Ikeda Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Fukuyama City Hospital Hiroyoshi Doihara Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center Ryohei Ogata Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital Yoshikazu Koike Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital Tsunehisa Nomura Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital Katsuhiro Tanaka Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital Kazutaka Nakashima Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center Tomoki Yamatsuji Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center Naruto Taira Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital Original Article 10.18926/AMO/70852 The association between peripheral blood T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and chemotherapy response remains unclear. We evaluated peripheral blood TCR repertoire and gut microbiota in 21 breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) who were enrolled in the SBP-14 prospective cohort study between October 2019 and March 2022. We analyzed stool samples obtained pre-NAC and peripheral blood samples obtained pre- and post-NAC. The primary endpoint was the association between baseline peripheral blood TCR repertoire and treatment response. Eleven patients (52%) had hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. All patients received anthracyclines and taxanes, with anti-HER2 therapy for HER2-positive disease. TCR diversity (TCR alpha chain [TRA], p=0.095; TCR beta chain [TRB], p=0.051) and clonality (TRA, p=0.271; TRB, p=0.500) were not significantly associated with treatment response. Gut microbiota diversity was not correlated with TCR diversity (TRA: ρ=0.046, p=0.845; TRB: ρ=0.021, p=0.929); however, three bacterial orders (Erysipelotrichales, Bacillales, and Pasteurellales) were significantly associated with TCR repertoire. Baseline TCR repertoire was not associated with treatment response in this cohort of breast cancer patients. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Geophysical Union (AGU) Acta Medica Okayama 2169-9097 131 4 2026 Investigating the Detectability of Body Wave Phases From Tidal Ice Cracking Events on Titan With the Dragonfly Short-Period Seismometer e2025JE009432 EN L. Delaroque Université Paris Cité, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS T. Kawamura Université Paris Cité, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS A. Lucas Université Paris Cité, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS S. Rodriguez Université Paris Cité, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS K. Onodera Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University H. Shiraishi Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency R. Yamada The University of Aizu S. Tanaka Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency M. P. Panning Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology R. D. Lorenz The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Detecting seismic activity on Saturn's icy moon Titan during the Dragonfly mission could provide crucial information on its internal structure. The geological complexity of the moon's surface suggests significant cyclic tidal deformation, likely leading to the fracturing of the ice shell. Considering realistic source locations and fault geometries, we assess whether a vertical short-period seismometer can detect body waves from a Mw 4.0 icequake. Signal-to-noise ratios are evaluated by comparing the high-frequency content with the expected background noise and instrument capabilities for several ice attenuation scenarios and 1D interior models. Our results indicate that the high-frequency content (≥1Hz) of Mw≤4.0 tidal-induced icequakes is likely undetectable under the most unfavorable attenuation scenarios and atmospheric conditions. However, seismic signals in the 0.5–1 Hz band—where P wave reflections dominate—may still be observable for events occurring in potential seismically active regions at ∼800–1,000 km from the Dragonfly's landing site. These signals could provide constraints on the thickness of Titan's outer ice shell, provided that intrinsic attenuation is low and environmental conditions are favorable. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学大学院ヘルスシステム統合科学研究科 Acta Medica Okayama 2436-3227 6 2026 The effects of cold compresses on itching in patients with atopic dermatitis: A cross-over controlled pilot trial 1 6 EN Yuki HIRAMI Former Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Nahoko HARADA Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University Miho ONO Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences Masahide KODA Co-learning Community Healthcare Re-innovation Office, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kiyoko FUKAI Professor Emeritus, Okayama University, Graduate School of Nursing, The Jikei University School of Medicine /10.18926/interdisciplinary/70325 This cross-over controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two types of cold compresses (towels and ice packs) in alleviating itching among patients with atopic dermatitis. The study recruited 19 participants diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and suffering from chronic itching for over 6 months. Each participant received both types of cold compress interventions. Itching sensations were assessed repeatedly using a visual analogue scale before and after the application of the cold compress. The mean and standard deviation of itching scores for the towel intervention were 16.9 ± 19.1 (baseline) and 11.4 ± 16.1 (post-application). For the ice pack intervention, the scores were 13.6 ± 14.7 (baseline) and 6.2 ± 9.8 (post-application). Although there was a reduction in mean itching scores following the application of cold compresses, the differences were not statistically significant for either intervention. Despite the lack of statistical significance, this study suggests that cold compresses, which are user-friendly and inexpensive, may safely reduce subjective itching in patients with atopic dermatitis without causing pain or discomfort. However, further research with a larger sample size is needed to confirm these findings. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 80 1 2026 Changes in Prescribing Patterns of Antiviral Drugs before and after Public Coverage Termination among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Regional Hospitals in Japan: A Retrospective, Multicenter Study 55 62 EN Hidemasa Akazawa Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hideharu Hagiya Department of Infectious Diseases, Okayama University Hospital Shinnosuke Fukushima Department of Infectious Diseases, Okayama University Hospital Shohei Yamamoto Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yasuhiro Nakano Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fumio Otsuka Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Original Article /10.18926/AMO/70073 In Japan, antiviral agents for COVID-19 were freely available until September 2023 as part of national policy. This study evaluated changes in these agents’ prescribing patterns and the patient outcomes following the policy shift. We conducted a multicenter retrospective study at four hospitals in Japan’s Okayama and Kagawa prefectures from January 2022 to March 2024. The study period was divided into the public-expenditure phase (January 2022 to September 2023) and the post-expenditure phase (October 2023 to March 2024). We extracted the hospitalized patients’ clinical data from the electronic database. The study’s primary outcome was the antiviral prescription rate; the secondary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Among the 302 hospitalized patients (median age 85 years), 52.0% were classified as having a mild condition. Of the patients with mild conditions, 37.7% were diagnosed in outpatient settings prior to hospitalization. During the public-expenditure phase, 47.4% of the patients received antivirals as outpatients, mainly molnupiravir (80.9%). In the post-expenditure period, 80.0% of the patients were prescribed antivirals, mostly molnupiravir (91.7%). The antiviral prescription rate was significantly higher after the policy change. The overall in-hospital mortality was 15.8%, with no significant difference between the two periods (17.0% vs. 10.5%). Despite the termination of government funding, antiviral prescriptions remained frequent at community hospitals located in highly aging regions of western Japan such as Okayama and Kagawa prefectures. Mortality remains high among the elderly, highlighting the need for continued antiviral therapy and booster vaccinations. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japanese Society of Breeding Acta Medica Okayama 1344-7610 75 3 2025 Polyphyletic domestication and inter-lineage hybridization magnified genetic diversity of cultivated melon, Cucumis melo L. 168 178 EN Katsunori Tanaka Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University Gentaro Shigita Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Tran Phuong Dung Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Phan Thi Phuong Nhi University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University Mami Takahashi Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Yuki Monden Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Hidetaka Nishida Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Ryuji Ishikawa Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University Kenji Kato Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Melon accessions with diverse geographical origins were classified into large and small seed-types by length of seed at the boundary of 9 mm, and into five populations based on polymorphisms in the nuclear genome. They were further divided into three maternal lineages, Ia, Ib, and Ic, by polymorphisms in the chloroplast genome. By combining these three classifications, the Europe/US subsp. melo and the East Asian subsp. agrestis were characterized as [large seed, Ib, PopA1 or A2] and [small seed, Ia, PopB1 or B2], respectively, indicating nearly perfect divergence. In South Asia, in addition to the Europe/US and East Asian types, recombinant types between the two types were detected and accounted for 34.8% of South Asian melon. The finding of such an intermixed structure of genetic variation supported the Indian origin of Ia and Ib types. As to Momordica popular in South Asia, seed length was intermediate between the large and small seed-types, and chloroplast type was a mixture of Ia and Ib, suggesting its origin from the recombinant type. In Africa, three lineages of melon were distributed allopatrically and showed distinct divergence. Subsp. agrestis of the Ic type proved to be endemic to Africa, indicating its African origin. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 1424-3903 25 7 2025 Efficacy of diagnosing intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with mural nodules by contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound using time–intensity curve analysis with a new support program: A multicenter retrospective study (with video) 1103 1108 EN Kazuya Miyamoto Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Daisuke Uchida Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Kazuyuki Matsumoto Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Yosuke Saragai Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuyama City Hospital Tsuneyoshi Ogawa Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuyama City Hospital Toru Ueki Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuyama City Hospital Kei Harada Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Nao Hattori Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Taisuke Obata Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Ryosuke Sato Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Akihiro Matsumi Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Hiroyuki Terasawa Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Yuki Fujii Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Shigeru Horiguchi Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Koichiro Tsutsumi Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Soichiro Uemoto Business Strategy Division, Ryobi Systems Co., Ltd. Takayoshi Tanimoto Business Strategy Division, Ryobi Systems Co., Ltd. Akimitsu Ohto Business Strategy Division, Ryobi Systems Co., Ltd. Motoyuki Otsuka Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Background/objectives: Preoperative diagnosis of the pathological grade of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound (CE-EUS) using time–intensity curve (TIC) analysis with a newly developed support program to differentiate between low-grade dysplasia (LGD) and high-grade dysplasia (HGD)/invasive carcinoma (IC) in IPMN.<br> Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 32 patients who underwent CE-EUS using the support program for TIC analysis and IPMN resection (LGD: 17, HGD/IC: 15) at two medical centers. The TIC parameters of mural nodules (MN) were compared between the LGD and HGD/IC groups, and the diagnostic accuracies of the TIC parameters were evaluated.<br> Results: The MN/pancreatic parenchyma contrast ratio was significantly higher in the HGD/IC group than in the LGD group (1.53 vs. 0.99; P < 0.0001), and the diagnostic abilities of the contrast ratio were as follows: sensitivity, 67 %; specificity, 100 %; and accuracy, 84 %. There were no differences in the echo intensity reduction rate of the MNs between the two groups (HGD/IC, 61.6 vs. 61.2, 0.99; P = 0.421), and the diagnostic abilities of the reduction rate were as follows: sensitivity, 93 %; specificity, 41 %; and accuracy, 66 %.<br> Conclusions: The contrast ratio calculated using TIC analysis with the support program is potentially useful for differentiating between IPMNs with LGD and those with HGD/IC. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 2168-8184 17 10 2025 Bladder Trigone as a Sensory Hub: A Narrative Review e94951 EN Takuya Sadahira Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Maruyama Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yosuke Mitsui Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takanori Sekito Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomofumi Watanabe Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masami Watanabe Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences The bladder trigone is an anatomically and functionally distinct region within the lower urinary tract (LUT), characterized by a dense network of afferent sensory fibers, specialized urothelial interactions, and prominent mechanotransduction mechanisms. Its intricate neuroarchitecture enables precise detection of bladder filling and coordination of micturition, whereas dysregulation of these pathways contributes to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), including urgency, frequency, and bladder pain. Despite its recognized clinical relevance, the structural and functional basis of trigonal sensory signaling - and its role - remain incompletely understood.<br> This review synthesizes current evidence on trigonal afferent organization, integrating data from anatomical mapping, receptor profiling, electrophysiological characterization, and translational research. Seminal anatomical observations are combined with recent advances in mechanotransduction and purinergic, peptidergic, and transient receptor potential (TRP) signaling to provide a comprehensive perspective. The trigone exhibits three principal afferent classes: (1) intraepithelial fibers penetrating umbrella cells, marked by P2X purinoceptor 3 (P2X3), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P (SP); (2) subepithelial plexuses surrounding microvasculature, enriched in vasoactive neuropeptides and exhibiting plastic hypertrophy in overactive bladder (OAB) and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS); and (3) encapsulated corpuscular endings at the lamina propria-detrusor junction, expressing PIEZO1/2 and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) for rapid adaptation. In trigeminal dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, high expression of PIEZO2, P2RX3, and voltage-gated sodium channel, type 1.8 (Nav1.8) was observed, revealing their role as the foundation for multisensory information processing. Functional assays highlight distinct mechanotransductive and chemosensory pathways, with aging, inflammation, and neurotrophic factors driving afferent plasticity underlying abnormal bladder sensation, such as urgency, frequency, and pain. Early clinical trials of P2X3 antagonists and intravesical TRPV1 inhibitors demonstrate promising symptomatic benefits. Collectively, evidence positions the bladder trigone as a critical sensory hub where neuronal, urothelial, and immune signals converge to regulate bladder sensation. Understanding its molecular and structural specialization may inform the development of region-specific neuromodulatory therapies targeting sensory urgency and afferent-driven bladder dysfunction. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Oxford University Press (OUP) Acta Medica Okayama 0305-7364 135 7 2025 Molecular polymorphisms of the nuclear and chloroplast genomes among African melon germplasms reveal abundant and unique genetic diversity, especially in Sudan 1329 1343 EN Odirichi Nnennaya Imoh Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Gentaro Shigita Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Mitsuhiro Sugiyama Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Tran Phuong Dung Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Katsunori Tanaka Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University Mami Takahashi Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Kazusa Nishimura Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Yuki Monden Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Hidetaka Nishida Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Mashaer Goda Plant Genetic Resources Conservation and Research Center, Agricultural Research Corporation Michel Pitrat INRAE, UR1052, Génétique et amélioration des fruits et légumes Kenji Kato Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Background and Aims Africa is rich in wild species of Cucumis and is considered one of the places of origin of melon. However, our knowledge of African melon is limited, and genetic studies using melon germplasms with wide geographical coverage are required. Here, we analysed the genetic structure of African melons, with emphasis on Sudan.<br> Methods Ninety-seven accessions of African melon were examined along with 77 reference accessions representing Asian melon and major horticultural groups. Molecular polymorphisms in the nuclear and chloroplast genomes were investigated using 12 RAPD, 7 SSR and 3 SNP markers. Horticultural traits, including seed size, were measured for 46 accessions, mainly from Sudan.<br> Key Results African melons were divided into large and small seed-types based on seed length: large seed-type from Northern Africa and small seed-type from Western and Southern Africa. Both seed types are common in Sudan. Molecular genetic diversity in these geographical populations was as high as in India, the Asian centre of melon domestication. Large seed-types from Northern Africa were assigned to Pop4 by structure analysis and had Ib cytoplasm in common with Cantalupensis, Inodorus and Flexuosus. Small seed-types were highly diversified and geographically differentiated; specifically, Pop1 with Ia cytoplasm in Southern Africa and South Asia, Pop2 with Ia in East Asia, including Conomon and Makuwa, and Pop3 with Ia or Ic in Africa. Sudanese small seed-types were grouped in Pop3, while their cytoplasm type was a mixture of Ia and Ic. Sudanese Tibish had Ic cytoplasm, which was unique in Africa, common in Western Africa and Sudan, and also found in wild or feral types.<br> Conclusions Melon of Ic lineage, including Tibish, originated from wild melon in the ‘western Sudan region’, and independently of melon with Ia or Ib cytoplasm, which originated in Asia. This clearly indicates the polyphyletic origin of melon. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1341-9625 30 1 2024 Lymphadenectomy and chemotherapy are effective treatments for patients with 2023 international federation of gynecology and obstetrics stage IIC-high risk endometrial cancer in Japan 144 156 EN Yoshinori Tani Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Keiichiro Nakamura Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masae Yorimitsu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital Noriko Seki Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital Mie Nakanishi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital Hironori Itou Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization Iwakuni Clinical Center Miyuki Shimizu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kagawa Rosai Hospital Dan Yamamoto Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Organization Fukuyama Medical Center Etsuko Takahara Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukuyama City Hospital Hisashi Masuyama Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background In early-stage endometrial cancer (EC), the treatment of aggressive histological subtypes (endometrioid carcinoma grade 3, serous carcinoma, clear-cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, mixed carcinoma, and carcinosarcoma) is controversial. We aimed to investigate the treatment of patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IC and stage IIC EC according to the 2023 classification.<br> Methods We retrospectively identified patients with FIGO 2023 stage IC, IIC-intermediate risk (IIC-I), and IIC-high risk (IIC-H) EC who underwent adjuvant therapy or observation after surgery at eight medical institutions from 2004 to 2023. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier estimates and univariate and multivariate analyses.<br> Results The PFS and OS were significantly worse in patients with FIGO 2023 stage IIC-H EC than in those with FIGO 2023 stage IIC-I EC (PFS: p = 0.008 and OS: p = 0.006). According to the FIGO 2023 stage IIC-H classification, lymphadenectomy and chemotherapy resulted in better prognoses regarding both PFS and OS (p < 0.001 for both) than other treatments. Our findings suggest that lymphadenectomy and chemotherapy effectively reduced vaginal stump and lymph node metastases in FIGO 2023 stage IIC-H EC (p < 0.001 and p = 0.008, respectively). Furthermore, in the multivariate analysis, not undergoing lymphadenectomy or chemotherapy were independent predictors of recurrence and poor prognoses in patients with FIGO 2023 stage IIC-H EC (p < 0.001 and p = 0.031, respectively).<br> Conclusion Lymphadenectomy and chemotherapy resulted in better prognoses regarding both recurrence and survival in patients with FIGO 2023 stage IIC high-risk EC. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Astronomical Society Acta Medica Okayama 0004-637X 965 1 2024 Unraveling the Cr Isotopes of Ryugu: An Accurate Aqueous Alteration Age and the Least Thermally Processed Solar System Material 52 EN Ryoji Tanaka The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Dilan M. Ratnayake The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Tsutomu Ota The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Noah Miklusicak The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Tak Kunihiro The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Christian Potiszil The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Chie Sakaguchi The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Katsura Kobayashi The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Hiroshi Kitagawa The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Masahiro Yamanaka The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Masanao Abe Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Akiko Miyazaki Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Aiko Nakato Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Satoru Nakazawa Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Masahiro Nishimura Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Tatsuaki Okada Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Takanao Saiki Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Satoshi Tanaka Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Fuyuto Terui Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Yuichi Tsuda Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Tomohiro Usui Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Sei-ichiro Watanabe Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University Toru Yada Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Kasumi Yogata Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Makoto Yoshikawa Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Eizo Nakamura The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University The analysis of samples returned from the C-type asteroid Ryugu has drastically advanced our knowledge of the evolution of early solar system materials. However, no consensus has been obtained on the chronological data, which is important for understanding the evolution of the asteroid Ryugu. Here, the aqueous alteration age of Ryugu particles was determined by the Mn–Cr method using bulk samples, yielding an age of 4.13 + 0.62/−0.55 Myr after the formation of Ca–Al-rich inclusions (CAI). The age corresponds to 4563.17 + 0.60/−0.67 Myr ago. The higher 55Mn/52Cr, ε54Cr, and initial ε53Cr values of the Ryugu samples relative to any carbonaceous chondrite samples implies that its progenitor body formed from the least thermally processed precursors in the outermost region of the protoplanetary disk. Despite accreting at different distances from the Sun, the hydrous asteroids (Ryugu and the parent bodies of CI, CM, CR, and ungrouped C2 meteorites) underwent aqueous alteration during a period of limited duration (3.8 ± 1.8 Myr after CAI). These ages are identical to the crystallization age of the carbonaceous achondirtes NWA 6704/6693 within the error. The ε54Cr and initial ε53Cr values of Ryugu and NWA 6704/6693 are also identical, while they show distinct Δ'17O values. This suggests that the precursors that formed the progenitor bodies of Ryugu and NWA 6703/6693 were formed in close proximity and experienced a similar degree of thermal processing in the protosolar nebula. However, the progenitor body of Ryugu was formed by a higher ice/dust ratio, than NWA6703/6693, in the outer region of the protoplanetary disk. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Public Library of Science Acta Medica Okayama 1932-6203 20 5 2025 LeFood-set: Baseline performance of predicting level of leftovers food dataset in a hospital using MT learning e0320426 EN Yuita Arum Sari Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University Atsushi Nakazawa Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University Yudi Arimba Wani Nutrition Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Brawijaya University Monitoring the remaining food in patients' trays is a routine activity in healthcare facilities as it provides valuable insights into the patients' dietary intake. However, estimating food leftovers through visual observation is time-consuming and biased. To tackle this issue, we have devised an efficient deep learning-based approach that promises to revolutionize how we estimate food leftovers. Our first step was creating the LeFoodSet dataset, a pioneering large-scale open dataset explicitly designed for estimating food leftovers. This dataset is unique in its ability to estimate leftover rates and types of food. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive dataset for this type of analysis. The dataset comprises 524 image pairs representing 34 Indonesian food categories, each with images captured before and after consumption. Our prediction models employed a combined visual feature extraction and late fusion approach utilizing soft parameter sharing. Here, we used multi-task (MT) models that simultaneously predict leftovers and food types in training. In the experiments, we tested the single task (ST) model, the ST Model with Ground Truth (ST-GT), the MT model, and the MT model with Inter-task Connection (MT-IC). Our AI-based models, particularly the MT and MT-IC models, have shown promising results, outperforming human observation in predicting leftover food. These findings show the best with the ResNet101 model, where the Mean Average Error (MAE) of leftover task and food classification accuracy task is 0.0801 and 90.44% in the MT Model and 0.0817 and 92.56% in the MT-IC Model, respectively. It is proved that the proposed solution has a bright future for AI-based approaches in medical and nursing applications. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 79 3 2025 A Case of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastasizing to the Cervical Lymph Nodes after Long-term Follow-up 213 219 EN Makoto Watanabe Department of Otolaryngology, Chugoku Rosai Hospital Tomoyuki Ogawa Department of Otolaryngology, Chugoku Rosai Hospital Kanao Kobayashi Department of Nephrology and Urological Surgery, Chugoku Rosai Hospital Narutaka Katsuya Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Hiroshima University Akira Ishikawa Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Hiroshima University Takao Hamamoto Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital Hiroaki Tahara Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital Tsutomu Ueda Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital Sachio Takeno Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital Case Report /10.18926/AMO/68730 Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can metastasize hematogenously and recur after a long dormancy. Chromophobe RCC metastasized to the cervical lymph nodes 10 years after the primary resection in a woman who underwent nephrectomy for RCC (T1aN0M0 stage I). Metastatic RCC diagnosis was confirmed by aspiration. The lymph node mass was resected, and the tumor cells matched chromophobe RCC metastasis. No adjuvant therapy was administered due to the lack of evidence regarding adjuvant therapy for chromophobe RCC. Long-term surveillance is crucial in RCC because of the possibility of late metastasis. We reviewed the clinical aspects and literature on metastatic cervical RCC. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Chemical Society (ACS) Acta Medica Okayama 0743-7463 41 11 2025 Droplet Impact Behavior on Convex Surfaces with a Circumferential Wettability Difference 7640 7647 EN Taku Ishikawa Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Yutaka Yamada Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Kazuma Isobe Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Akihiko Horibe Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Controlling the bouncing behavior of the impacting droplets is an important issue for splay cooling, icing prevention, and other applications. The bouncing behavior of impacting droplets on superhydrophobic curved surfaces and flat substrates with a wettability difference has been widely investigated, and droplets impacting these surfaces show shorter contact times than those on superhydrophobic flat surfaces and droplet transport. However, there have been few studies on the droplet impact behavior on curved surfaces with a wettability difference, where efficient droplet control could be achieved by combining the features. In the present study, droplet impact experiments were conducted using copper cylinders with different circumferential wettabilities from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic, varying the impact velocity, cylinder diameter, and rotation angle. Droplets that impacted the wettability boundary showed asymmetric deformation and moved to the hydrophilic side, owing to the driving force of the wettability difference. Moreover, the droplet behavior was classified into four types: the droplet bounced off the surface, the droplet bounced off the surface and split, the droplet attached to the surface, and the droplet attached to the surface and split. The droplet behavior was estimated by using the maximum spreading width of the droplet impacted on the flat substrate. We evaluated whether the droplets attached to the surface or bounced off the surface after impact using the Weber number and rotation angle, and the estimations were in agreement with the experimental results for cylinder diameters of 4 and 6 mm. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 78 3 2024 Palliative Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for a Small Part of a Large Vestibular Schwannoma in an Elderly Patient 301 306 EN Kiyoshi Nakazaki Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Attack Center Ota Memorial Hospital Satoshi Hirai Department of Neurosurgery, Kawasaki Medical School Tomohito Hishikawa Department of Neurosurgery, Kawasaki Medical School Case Report 10.18926/AMO/67207 We report a case of a large vestibular schwannoma in an 80-year-old female patient that shrank after palliative Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS). Neurological symptoms included hearing deterioration and facial palsy. The tumor volume was 21.9 mL. Craniotomy was considered high-risk, and conventional GKS was risky, owing to the risk of transient enlargement. Therefore, GKS was performed on only a portion of the tumor. The marginal dose (12 Gy) volume was 3.8 mL (17.4%). The tumor began to shrink after transient enlargement. Sixty months later, the tumor volume was only 3.1 mL, and the patient was able to maintain independent activities of daily living without salvage treatment. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 78 2 2024 p53-Armed Oncolytic Virotherapy Improves Radiosensitivity in Soft-Tissue Sarcoma by Suppressing BCL-xL Expression 151 161 EN Tadashi Komatsubara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroshi Tazawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Joe Hasei Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshinori Omori Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuhisa Sugiu Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yusuke Mochizuki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Koji Demiya Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Aki Yoshida Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomohiro Fujiwara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyuki Kunisada Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasuo Urata Oncolys BioPharma, Inc. Shunsuke Kagawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Original Article /10.18926/AMO/66924 Soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) is a heterogeneous group of rare tumors originating predominantly from the embryonic mesoderm. Despite the development of combined modalities including radiotherapy, STSs are often refractory to antitumor modalities, and novel strategies that improve the prognosis of STS patients are needed. We previously demonstrated the therapeutic potential of two telomerase-specific replication-competent oncolytic adenoviruses, OBP-301 and tumor suppressor p53-armed OBP-702, in human STS cells. Here, we demonstrate in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of OBP-702 in combination with ionizing radiation against human STS cells (HT1080, NMS-2, SYO-1). OBP-702 synergistically promoted the antitumor effect of ionizing radiation in the STS cells by suppressing the expression of B-cell lymphoma-X large (BCL-xL) and enhancing ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that this combination therapy significantly suppressed STS tumors’ growth. Our results suggest that OBP-702 is a promising antitumor reagent for promoting the radiosensitivity of STS tumors. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 78 2 2024 Impact of Travel Distance on Surgical Outcomes of Patients Surgically Treated for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single-Center Study in Ehime, Japan 143 149 EN Hisayuki Shigematsu Department of Thoracic Surgery, NHO Shikoku Cancer Center Natsumi Yamashita Clinical Research Center, NHO Shikoku Cancer Center Hiroshi Suehisa Department of Thoracic Surgery, NHO Shikoku Cancer Center Tsuyoshi Ueno Department of Thoracic Surgery, NHO Shikoku Cancer Center Tsuyoshi Ryuko Department of Thoracic Surgery, NHO Shikoku Cancer Center Takahito Sugihara Department of Thoracic Surgery, NHO Shikoku Cancer Center Shohei Nakashima Department of Thoracic Surgery, NHO Shikoku Cancer Center Yoshifumi Sano Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Motohiro Yamashita Department of Thoracic Surgery, NHO Shikoku Cancer Center Original Article /10.18926/AMO/66923 Travel burden is a poor prognostic factor for many cancers worldwide because it hinders optimal diagnosis and treatment planning. Currently, the impact of travel burden on survival after surgery for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Japan is largely unexplored. We examined the impact of travel distance on the postoperative outcomes of patients with NSCLC in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. The data of 1212 patients who underwent surgical resection for NSCLC were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into quartiles based on the travel distance from their home to the hospital (≤ 13 km, 13-40 km, 40-57 km, and > 57 km) in Ehime Prefecture. We found no significant differences among the quartiles in baseline clinicopathological characteristics, including sex, smoking status, histology, surgical procedure, clinical stage, and pathological stage. Overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) also were not significantly different among the travel distance quartiles. We conclude that travel distance did not impact OS or RFS among patients with NSCLC who underwent surgical resection at our institution. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

AIP Publishing Acta Medica Okayama 0021-9606 160 9 2024 GenIce-core: Efficient algorithm for generation of hydrogen-disordered ice structures 094101 EN Masakazu Matsumoto Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Takuma Yagasaki Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University Hideki Tanaka Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute Ice is different from ordinary crystals because it contains randomness, which means that statistical treatment based on ensemble averaging is essential. Ice structures are constrained by topological rules known as the ice rules, which give them unique anomalous properties. These properties become more apparent when the system size is large. For this reason, there is a need to produce a large number of sufficiently large crystals that are homogeneously random and satisfy the ice rules. We have developed an algorithm to quickly generate ice structures containing ions and defects. This algorithm is provided as an independent software module that can be incorporated into crystal structure generation software. By doing so, it becomes possible to simulate ice crystals on a previously impossible scale. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 78 1 2024 Quantitative Assessment of the Heat Transfer Capacity of Ice Bags and their Cooling Effects on the Skin Surface and Core Temperature 53 61 EN Yukiko Ichikawa Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University Tetsuya Ogino Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University Original Article /10.18926/AMO/66671 Ice bags are frequently used in medical care settings for pain relief, comfort, and in some cases, whole-body cooling. This study quantifies heat energy transfer capacity of ice bags and evaluates their cooling effects on body temperature. Forty-eight healthy adults in their 20s were recruited. An ice bag wrapped in two layers of dry towel was applied to the forehead, neck, or palm of each participant for 10 min. The skin surface temperature, heat flow, and core temperature were recorded during the cooling and non-cooling periods, with energy transfer calculated by integrating heat flow over time. Over the non-cooling period, 31.4-53.6 kJ·m-2 of energy was dissipated over 10 min, whereas during the cooling period, the range increased to 180.0-218.7 kJ·m-2 over 10 min. Skin surface temperature decreased by 3.2-5.7°C, whereas core temperature was unchanged. Ice bag use augmented energy transfer by about 150-180 kJ·m-2 over 10 min, but this was insufficient for rapid whole body cooling due to the small skin-surface area in contact with the ice bag. The measured energy transfer indicated that topical ice bag application absorbs insufficient energy to affect core temperature. Quantitative assessment of energy transfer was shown to inform the safe and appropriate use of thermotherapy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Chemical Society (ACS) Acta Medica Okayama 1936-0851 18 1 2023 Close-Packed Ices in Nanopores 347 354 EN Kenji Mochizuki Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Yuji Adachi Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Okayama University Kenichiro Koga Department of Chemistry, Okayama University Water molecules in any of the ice polymorphs organize themselves into a perfect four-coordinated hydrogen-bond network at the expense of dense packing. Even at high pressures, there seems to be no way to reconcile the ice rules with the close packing. Here, we report several close-packed ice phases in carbon nanotubes obtained from molecular dynamics simulations of two different water models. Typically they are in plastic states at high temperatures and are transformed into the hydrogen-ordered ice, keeping their close-packed structures at lower temperatures. The close-packed structures of water molecules in carbon nanotubes are identified with those of spheres in a cylinder. We present design principles of hydrogen-ordered, close-packed structures of ice in nanotubes, which suggest many possible dense ice forms with or without nonzero polarization. In fact, some of the simulated ices are found to exhibit ferroelectric ordering upon cooling. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

AIP Publishing Acta Medica Okayama 0003-6951 123 23 2023 Water/ice mixture- and freezing-front motion in a non-isothermal liquid bridge 231601 EN Yutaka Yamada Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Kodai Okano School of Engineering, Okayama University Kazuma Isobe Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Akihiko Horibe Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University We experimentally investigate the water/ice mixture- and freezing-front behavior in a water liquid bridge under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. We find rapid propagation, temporary suspension, and regression of the water/ice mixture front, and finally, it merges with the freezing front when part of the liquid bridge is higher than the freezing temperature. However, freezing-front propagation follows dendritic ice formation, and a protrusion forms at the middle of the liquid bridge as long as the whole liquid bridge is lower than the freezing temperature. We explain those phenomena by quasi-stationary heat-transfer considerations. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 77 6 2023 A Case of Migration of a Hydrogel Spacer for Radiotherapy into the Pulmonary Artery 647 650 EN Katsuhide Kojima Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Yuka Takahashi Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Soichi Sugiyama Department of Proton Beam Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yudai Asano Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Nanako Okawa Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Satoko Makimoto Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Fumiyo Higaki Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Toshihiro Iguchi Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Takao Hiraki Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Case Report /10.18926/AMO/66157 A 67-year-old man was referred to our hospital for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Multidisciplinary discussion led to intensity-modulated radiotherapy preceded by hormone therapy. Before radiotherapy, a biodegradable hydrogel spacer (HS) was placed between the prostate and rectum to reduce radiation injury risk. Three weeks postplacement, pelvic magnetic resonance imaging revealed HS migration into the pelvic vein. Subsequent whole-body contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) revealed HS migration into the pulmonary artery. The patient showed no symptoms or clinical signs. Radiotherapy was completed uneventfully. Complete absorption of the migrated HS was confirmed using CECT images 5 months postplacement. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 77 6 2023 Fine Particulate Matter and Diabetes Prevalence in Okayama, Japan 607 612 EN Yasunari Tani Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Saori Kashima Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Center for the Planetary Health and Innovation Science, The IDEC Institute, Hiroshima University Toshiharu Mitsuhashi Center for Innovate Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Etsuji Suzuki Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Soshi Takao Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takashi Yorifuji Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Original Article 10.18926/AMO/66152 Many studies have shown an association between long-term exposure to particulate matter having an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) and diabetes mellitus (DM), but few studies have focused on Asian subjects. We thus examined the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and DM prevalence in Okayama City, Japan. We included 76,591 participants who had received basic health checkups in 2006 and 2007. We assigned the census-level modeled PM2.5 data from 2006 and 2007 to each participant and defined DM using treatment status and the blood testing. PM2.5 was associated with DM prevalence, and the prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.10 (1.00-1.20) following each interquartile range increase (2.1 μg/m3) in PM2.5. This finding is consistent with previous results and suggests that long-term exposure to PM2.5 is associated with an increased prevalence of DM in Okayama City, Japan, where the PM2.5 level is lower than in other cities in Asian countries. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 77 6 2023 Review of a Series of Surveys on Adverse Reactions to the COVID-19 mRNA-1273 Vaccine at Okayama University 567 575 EN Naomi Matsumoto Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Chigusa Higuchi Okayama University Health Service Center Chikara Miyaji Okayama University Health Service Center Toshiharu Mitsuhashi Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Hideharu Hagiya Department of Infectious Diseases, Okayama University Hospital Soshi Takao Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Takashi Yorifuji Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Review /10.18926/AMO/66148 This paper presents the results of a series of surveys conducted from July 2021 to March 2023 to investigate the post-vaccination adverse reactions to the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine among faculty, staff, and students at Okayama University. These studies complement the official surveys conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) and provide a more representative picture of adverse reactions in the general population including large numbers of healthy young people. Pain, swelling, redness at the injection site, fever, headache, and malaise were the main adverse reactions reported. The proportion of adverse reactions was generally higher after the second vaccination and decreased with each additional vaccination. No statistically significant differences in the adverse reactions were found for males and females and those with/without a history of allergy, but a lower proportion of fever was observed in older participants and those with underlying medical conditions. We also evaluated the association between adverse reactions and antibody titers after the third vaccination and found no significant differences in antibody levels one month after vaccination. This series of studies highlights the importance of conducting surveys in diverse populations to provide a more representative picture of post-vaccination adverse reactions during a pandemic. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2023 Association between home-based exercise using a pedometer and clinical prognosis after endovascular treatment in patients with peripheral artery disease EN Kohei KAWAMURA Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 77 2 2023 Prolonged Sedentary Bouts Are Critically Involved in All-Cause Mortality in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis: A Prospective Cohort Study 139 145 EN Keiichi Namio Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University Takashi Kondo Innoshima General Hospital Nobuyuki Miyatake Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University Shuhei Hishii Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University Hiroyuki Nishi Innoshima General Hospital Akihiko Katayama Faculty of Social Studies, Shikokugakuin University Kazuhiro Ujike Innoshima General Hospital Hiromi Suzuki Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University Kiichi Koumoto Innoshima General Hospital Original Article /10.18926/AMO/65143 We investigated the link between prolonged sedentary bouts and all-cause mortality in patients on chronic hemodialysis, using a prospective cohort. A total of 104 outpatients on chronic hemodialysis from 2013 to 2019, aged 71.4±11.4 years, were enrolled. Prolonged sedentary bouts (≥ 30 min and ≥60 min) (min and bouts) and relative prolonged sedentary bouts (≥ 30 min and ≥ 60 min) (%) on the patients’ non-hemodialysis days were measured by a tri-accelerometer, and we also analyzed the patients’ clinical parameters. The relationship between prolonged sedentary bouts and all-cause mortality was evaluated by a survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazard model. Thirty-five patients died during the follow-up period. A Kaplan-Meier analysis detected significant differences in the survival rate between two groups stratified by the median for all prolonged sedentary-bout parameters. After the adjustment for confounding factors, all of the prolonged sedentary-bout parameters were determinant factors for all-cause mortality. These results indicate that prolonged sedentary bouts on non-hemodialysis days were closely related to all-cause mortality in the patients on hemodialysis. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 77 2 2023 Complications of Percutaneous Cryoablation for Renal Tumors and Methods for Avoiding Them 121 129 EN Toshihiro Iguchi Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Yusuke Matsui Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Koji Tomita Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Mayu Uka Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Noriyuki Umakoshi Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Takahiro Kawabata Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Kazuaki Munetomo Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Shoma Nagata Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Motoo Araki Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Takao Hiraki Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital Review /10.18926/AMO/65141 Percutaneous cryoablation of renal tumors is widely used because of its high efficacy and safety. This high safety can be attributed, at least in part, to the visibility of the ablated area as an “ice ball”. This therapy has fewer complications (incidence, 0-7.2%) and is less invasive than surgery. Minor bleeding is inevitable in most kidney-related procedures, and indeed the most common complication of this therapy is bleeding (hematoma and hematuria). However, patients require treatment such as transfusion or transarterial embolization in only 0-4% of bleeding cases. Various other complications such as ureteral or collecting system injury, bowel injury, nerve injury, skin injury, infection, pneumothorax, and tract seeding also occur, but they are usually minor and asymptomatic. However, operators should know and avoid the various complications associated with this therapy. This study aimed to summarize the complications of percutaneous cryoablation for renal tumors and provide some techniques for achieving safe procedures. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Geophysical Union Acta Medica Okayama 1942-2466 14 12 2022 Too Frequent and Too Light Arctic Snowfall With Incorrect Precipitation Phase Partitioning in the MIROC6 GCM e2022MS003046 EN Yuki Imura Department of Earth Sciences, Okayama University Takuro Michibata Department of Earth Sciences, Okayama University Cloud-phase partitioning has been studied in the context of cloud feedback and climate sensitivity; however, precipitation-phase partitioning also has a significant role in controlling the energy budget and sea ice extent. Although some global models have introduced a more sophisticated precipitation parameterization to reproduce realistic cloud and precipitation processes, the effects on the process representation of mixed- and ice-phase precipitation are poorly understood. Here, we evaluate how different precipitation modeling (i.e., diagnostic [DIAG] vs. prognostic [PROG] schemes) affects the simulated precipitation phase and occurrence frequency. Two versions of MIROC6 were used with the satellite simulator COSP2. Although the PROG scheme significantly improves the simulated cloud amount and snowfall rates, the phase partitioning, frequency, and intensity of precipitation with the PROG scheme are still biased, and are even worse than with the DIAG scheme. We found a "too frequent and too light" Arctic snowfall bias in the PROG, which cannot be eliminated by model tuning. The cloud-phase partitioning is also affected by the different approaches used to consider precipitation. The ratio of supercooled liquid water is underrepresented by switching from the DIAG to PROG scheme, because some snowflakes are regarded to be cloud ice. Given that the PROG precipitation retains more snow in the atmosphere, the underestimation becomes apparent when other models incorporate the PROG scheme. This depends on how much precipitation is within the clouds in the model. Our findings emphasize the importance of correctly reproducing the phase partitioning of cloud and precipitation, which ultimately affects the simulated climate sensitivity. Plain Language Summary This study examined cloud and precipitation phase partitioning (i.e., the ratio between liquid and ice) in the Arctic using the MIROC6 global climate model (GCM). Despite recent advances in precipitation modeling by GCMs, the associations between the macrostructures (i.e., cloud coverage and precipitation rate) and phase partitioning have been little studied. Prognostic treatment of precipitation, which is a more sophisticated parameterization, yields seasonal and annual cloud cover and snowfall that are in better agreement with satellite observations. However, it tends to generate snowfall too frequently and too lightly, resulting in the misrepresentation of precipitation phase partitioning. In addition, there is a risk of overestimating the ratio of cloud ice to cloud liquid by including prognostic precipitation. The bias is difficult to remove by model tuning alone. If the models misrepresent the precipitation phase partitioning, then the bias will further influence feedback processes in a future warming scenario through the snow-to-rain phase change, similar to the cloud phase feedback. Our findings emphasize the importance of conducting process-oriented model evaluations on a regional scale. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 2186-7755 112 2023 Comparison of LEDs, Fluorescent Lamps and Incandescent Bulbs for Long-day Treatment of Forcing Strawberries as Affected by Respective Color Temperature 1 6 EN Yuichi Yoshida Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Atsushi Hanada Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Keita Ooguma Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University Kenta Yoshida Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Tanjuro Goto Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Yoshiyuki Tanaka Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Ken-ichiro Yasuba Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Long day (LD) treatment is frequently applied for horticultural crops, including strawberry, and sufficient effect similar to 4 to 6hours of day time elongation in the evening can be achieved by 1 to 3hours of night break in the mid night. Incandescent lamps (IC) have long been an important light source, but the general incandescent lamps are out of production and have been replaced with LED or florescent lamps (FL). Thus, we compared light sources and their color temperature (2,800K, warm white similar to IC; 6,500K, daylight) in different lighting programs. The effectiveness of 3 and 4cycles of alternate intermittent lighting, 30min on/30min off, were equal to and larger than 2hours of night break, respectively. Measured intensity of illumination (lux) at the canopy surface by 2,800K LED (6.9W) and FL (12W) was 1.50 and 0.95times as large as IC (54W), but leaf growth under LED and FL was similar to and less vigorous than IC, respectively. On the other hand, intensity values of illumination by 6,500K LED (6.9W) and FL (12W) were both 1.20times as large as 2,800K ones, but 6,500K light sources were much less effective compared to 2,800K ones. Daylight type LED and FL which have higher luminance efficiency but emit less red light compared to warm white ones, are not suitable as alternative light sources for IC. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 76 5 2022 Relationship between Wearing a Lead Apron and Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Questionnaire Survey of Japanese Radiological Technologists 541 545 EN Toru Akebi Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama Healthcare Professional University Ryutaro Matsugaki Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Toshiro Ono Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama Healthcare Professional University Original Article 10.18926/AMO/64035 The purpose of this study was to conduct a self-reported questionnaire survey of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among Japanese radiological technologists (RTs) and to report on the relationship between wearing a lead apron and WMSDs. Between February and April of 2021, RTs in Okayama Prefecture, Japan, were surveyed by mail and through a website. Information on individual characteristics, physical factors at work, and the presence of WMSDs were collected. All participants were also asked whether they frequently wore lead aprons. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between wearing a lead apron and WMSDs. The model was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and working hours. Of the 123 participants, 67 (54.5%) had WMSDs. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that WMSDs were significantly associated with wearing a lead apron. Compared to the “Never wear” group, the odds ratios for the “Always/Frequently wear” and “Sometimes/Rarely wear” groups were 7.87 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.28-48.46; p=0.026) and 7.80 (95% CI=1.43-42.44; p=0.017), respectively. Our analysis suggests that wearing a lead apron is associated with WMSDs, and thus design modifications in lead aprons may improve the occupational health management of RTs. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 0918-9440 135 2 2022 Decades-long phylogeographic issues: complex historical processes and ecological factors on genetic structure of alpine plants in the Japanese Archipelago EN Hajime Ikeda Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University Mountain regions are important places for biodiversity, where organisms could persist throughout prolonged periods and accumulate genetic divergence as well as promote speciation. Roles of mountains for biodiversity have been exclusively discussed in regions that have specifically diverse species or covered with ice-sheets during the Pleistocene glacial periods, whereas the importance of mountainous regions in East Asia has been less disputed. High mountains in the Japanese Archipelago, located at the eastern edge of the Eurasia continent, have one of southernmost populations of alpine and arctic-alpine plants that are also distributed in the northern Pacific and/or the circumarctic regions. Phylogeographic studies on the Japanese alpine plants have excluded their possible ephemeral occurrence during the current warm period, and rather, suggest persistence of alpine plants throughout several cycles of climate changes in the Pleistocene on high mountains in central Honshu, the main island of the Japanese Archipelago. In this review, I look through decade long phylogeographic studies and show complicated patterns of range dynamics of Japanese alpine plants. In addition, I note recent findings of genetic relationships of Japanese populations of alpine and/or arctic-alpine plants with those in northern regions and their possible ecological divergence in the Japanese Archipelago. Taken together, I provide several issues for understanding historical processes that established distribution of alpine plants following climate changes as well as their diversification and propose importance of Japanese populations of alpine plants on biodiversity in alpine communities across broader range, especially in the northern Pacific region. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 76 1 2022 Plasma Concentrations of Trace Elements Selenium and Cobalt During and After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery 33 39 EN Jia-Yi Zhou The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital Hai-Tao Hou Unit of Perfusion, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospita Shi-Fu Wang Unit of Perfusion, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital Qin Yang The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital Guo-Wei He The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital Original Article /10.18926/AMO/63206 Trace elements selenium (Se) and cobalt (Co) are essential in the human body, and a correlation between Se and cardiac surgery has been suggested. We investigated the plasma concentrations of Se and Co during and after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). From December 2019 to January 2020, preoperative plasma samples from isolated first-time CABG patients (n=20; 10 males, 10 females) were prospectively collected post-anesthesia and before CPB (T1), 45 min after CPB started (T2), 90 min after CPB started (T3), and postoperative days 1 (T4), and day 4 (T5). The plasma concentrations of Se and Co were measured. The Se concentration was significantly decreased at T2 (105.24±4.08 vs. 68.56±2.42 μg/L, p<0.001) and T3 (105.24±4.08 vs. 80.41±3.40 μg/L, p<0.001). The Co concentration was significantly decreased at T4 (0.35±0.19 vs. 0.26±0.13 μg/L, p<0.01) and T5 (0.35±0.19 vs. 0.23±0.11 μg/L, p<0.001). Five patients developed atrial fibrillation (AF); there was no other operative mortality or major morbidity. This is the first report of alterations of plasma Se and Co concentrations during and after CABG surgery. Our results may indicate that Se supplementation before or during CABG and Co supplementation after CABG may become necessary for patients undergoing CABG. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2021 A Reactive Force Field Molecular-Dynamics Simulation Study on High-Density Ice EN Yuji Adachi Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama university No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 75 6 2021 Morphological Changes and Durability of Skin and Mucosal Flaps in Intraoral and Pharyngeal Reconstructions: Long-term Follow-up and Literature Review for Potential Second Carcinomas 725 734 EN Hiroshi Matsumoto Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshihiro Kimata Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomoyuki Ota Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Narushi Sugiyama Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital Satoshi Onoda Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kagawa Rosai Hospital Takuma Makino Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Seiko Takeda Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Nobuyoshi Mizukawa Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Original Article 10.18926/AMO/62813 The long-term changes in tissues implanted in the oral cavity and pharynx after head and neck reconstruction have not been fully evaluated. This study aimed to clarify the morphological changes, long-term durability, and potential for secondary carcinogenesis in such tissues. In our single-center study, the rough morphological changes in 54 cases of intraoral and pharyngeal skin and mucosal flaps were evaluated more than 10 years after flap transfer. In addition, the literature on the development of second carcinomas from skin flaps was reviewed. The mean follow-up period for transferred flaps was 148 months. The reconstruction areas and the probability of morphological changes were significantly correlated (p=0.006), especially in cases with tongue, lower gingiva, and buccal mucosal reconstruction. Free jejunal flap surfaces were well maintained, whereas tubed skin flaps showed severe morphological changes in cases with pharyngeal reconstruction. None of the flaps in our series developed second primary carcinomas. Skin flaps generally had good durability for > 10 years in intraoral environments, while mucosal flaps had better durability for pharyngeal reconstruction. Second squamous carcinomas arising from skin flaps are extremely rare; however, surgeons should take this possibility into consideration and conduct meticulous and long-term follow-up. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

AIP Publishing Acta Medica Okayama 0021-9606 154 9 2021 Formation of hot ice caused by carbon nanobrushes. II. Dependency on the radius of nanotubes 094502 EN Masakazu Matsumoto Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Takuma Yagasaki Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University Hideki Tanaka Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Stable crystalline structures of confined water can be different from bulk ice. In Paper I [T. Yagasaki et al., J. Chem. Phys. 151, 064702 (2019)] of this study, it was shown, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, that a zeolite-like ice structure forms in nanobrushes consisting of (6,6) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) when the CNTs are located in a triangle arrangement. The melting temperature of the zeolite-like ice structure is much higher than the melting temperature of ice Ih when the distance between the surfaces of CNTs is ∼0.94 nm, which is the best spacing for the bilayer structure of water. In this paper, we perform MD simulations of nanobrushes of CNTs that are different from (6,6) CNTs in radius. Several new porous ice structures form spontaneously in the MD simulations. A stable porous ice forms when the radius of its cavities matches the radius of the CNTs well. All cylindrical porous ice structures found in this study can be decomposed into a small number of structural blocks. We provide a new protocol to classify cylindrical porous ice crystals on the basis of this decomposition. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

IOP Publishing Acta Medica Okayama 2632-3338 1 3 2020 On the Occurrence of Clathrate Hydrates in Extreme Conditions: Dissociation Pressures and Occupancies at Cryogenic Temperatures with Application to Planetary Systems 80 EN Hideki Tanaka Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Takuma Yagasaki Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Masakazu Matsumoto Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University We investigate the thermodynamic stability of clathrate hydrates at cryogenic temperatures from the 0 K limit to 200 K in a wide range of pressures, covering the thermodynamic conditions of interstellar space and the surface of the hydrosphere in satellites. Our evaluation of the phase behaviors is performed by setting up quantum partition functions with variable pressures on the basis of a rigorous statistical mechanics theory that requires only the intermolecular interactions as input. Noble gases, hydrocarbons, nitrogen, and oxygen are chosen as the guest species, which are key components of the volatiles in such satellites. We explore the hydrate/water two-phase boundary of those clathrate hydrates in water-rich conditions and the hydrate/guest two-phase boundary in guest-rich conditions, either of which occurs on the surface or subsurface of icy satellites. The obtained phase diagrams indicate that clathrate hydrates can be in equilibrium with either water or the guest species over a wide range far distant from the three-phase coexistence condition and that the stable pressure zone of each clathrate hydrate expands significantly on intense cooling. The implication of our findings for the stable form of water in Titan is that water on the surface exists only as clathrate hydrate with the atmosphere down to a shallow region of the crust, but clathrate hydrate in the remaining part of the crust can coexist with water ice. This is in sharp contrast to the surfaces of Europa and Ganymede, where the thin oxygen air coexists exclusively with pure ice. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Mary Ann Liebert Acta Medica Okayama 1531-1074 20 7 2020 The Albedo of Ryugu: Evidence for a High Organic Abundance, as Inferred from the Hayabusa2 Touchdown Maneuver 916 921 EN Christian Potiszil Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Ryoji Tanaka The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Katsura Kobayashi The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Tak Kunihiro The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Eizo Nakamura The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University The Hayabusa2 mission successfully collected samples from the asteroid Ryugu last year and will return these to Earth in December 2020. It is anticipated that the samples will enable the analysis of terrestrially uncontaminated organic matter and minerals. Such analyses are in turn expected to elucidate the evolution of organic matter through Solar System history, including the origination and processing of biogenically important molecules, which could have been utilized by the first organisms on Earth. In anticipation, studies have made predictions concerning the properties of Ryugu, including its composition. The spectral characteristics of Ryugu, such as albedo, have been employed to relate the asteroid to members of the carbonaceous chondrite group that have been identified on Earth. However, the recent Hayabusa2 touchdown highlights a disparity between the color of surfaces of displaced platy fragments, indicating a brightening trend for the surface exposed to space compared to that facing into the body. Here we present a mass balance calculation with reference to data from the literature, which indicates that Ryugu may contain a significantly higher abundance of organic matter (likely >50%) than the currently most accepted meteorite analogues. A high organic content may result in high levels of extractable organic matter for the second touchdown site, where the spacecraft sampled freshly exposed material. However, high abundances of insoluble aromatic/graphitic rich organic matter may be present in the first touchdown site, which sampled the surface of Ryugu that had been exposed to space. Moreover, we suggest that the potentially high organic abundance and the rubble-pile nature of Ryugu may originate from the capture of rocky debris by a comet nucleus and subsequent water-organic-mineral interactions and sublimation of water ice. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 74 6 2020 For Vol.74, No.5 pp443-448 Combined Laparoscopic and CT Monitoring of the Ice-Ball Margin during Cryoablation for Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with von Hippel-Lindau Disease: First Case 563 563 EN Erratum No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2020 小型アナログICに関するパッケージ起因応力の可視化とICの高精度化設計手法に関する研究 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2020 Theoretical Study on Thermodynamic Properties of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate EN Muhammad Mahfuzh Huda Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 74 5 2020 Combined Laparoscopic and CT Monitoring of the Ice-Ball Margin during Cryoablation for Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with von Hippel-Lindau Disease: First Case 443 448 EN Takanori Sekito Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Motoo Araki Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takao Hiraki Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Mayu Uka Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyuki Komaki Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yusuke Matsui Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshihiro Iguchi Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Satoshi Katayama Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kasumi Yoshinaga Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shogo Watari Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Maruyama Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yosuke Mitsui Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Risa Kubota Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takuya Sadahira Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shingo Nishimura Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Koichiro Wada Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Atsushi Takamoto Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kohei Edamura Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomoko Sako Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasuyuki Kobayashi Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toyohiko Watanabe Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Susumu Kanazawa Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasutomo Nasu Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Case Report 10.18926/AMO/60806 We report a 47-year-old Japanese female with 10 previous treatments for multiple bilateral renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease. The 14-mm right lower pole renal tumor was in contact with the right ureter. Laparoscopic cryoablation was performed to protect the ureter wrapped with gauze. Computed tomography (CT) monitoring was used to confirm the precise ≥ 6 mm ice-ball margin. There was no local progression at 6-months post-surgery. The serum creatinine has been stable. This is apparently the first report of combined laparoscopic and CT monitoring of an ice-ball formation and its margin during cryoablation for RCC. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 74 5 2020 Evaluation of Prognosis of Juvenile Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma 401 406 EN Takahiro Tsukioki Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Tadahiko Shien Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Yusuke Ohtani Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Miwa Fujihara Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Yoko Suzuki Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Yukiko Kajihara Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Minami Hatono Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Kengo Kawada Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Mariko Kochi Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Takayuki Iwamoto Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Hirokuni Ikeda Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Naruto Taira Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Hiroyoshi Doihara Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Original Article 10.18926/AMO/60799 Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) in juvenile patients is often an extensive and aggressive disease with a high frequency of recurrence. However, the prognosis is excellent, with a low mortality rate even when advanced disease is present, although prognostic factors and treatment strategy remain uncertain. Between April 2004 and March 2017, 33 juvenile patients (< 30 years old) were diagnosed with DTC and treated at our institution. We retrospectively investigated prognosis and factors including sex, reason for discovery, treatment, pathological factors and treatment progress to clarify the risk factors. All patients underwent curative surgical treatment. Pathologically, lymph node metastasis was identified in 25 patients (75%). Thirteen patients (39%) had bilateral cervical metastasis. In addition, 9 (27%) had more than 10 metastatic lymph nodes. The 2 patients with more than 20 metastatic lymph nodes were treated with radioactive iodine (RAI). Five patients (15%) had local recurrences and received surgery. There have been no further recurrences or deaths. However, no factors were determined to significantly predict the recurrence of juvenile DTC. Local recurrent disease was treated with surgery and/or RAI until remission, and survival was excellent in juvenile DTC. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 74 5 2020 Three-dimensional Evaluation of Abnormal Gait in Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis 391 399 EN Daisuke Homma Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Izumi Minato Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata Rinko Hospital Norio Imai Division of Comprehensive Geriatrics in Community, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Dai Miyasaka Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata Bandai Hospital Yoshinori Sakaif Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata General Hospital Yoji Horigome Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Hayato Suzuki Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Hayato Shimada Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Mito Saiseikai General Hospital Yoichiro Dohmae Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata Bandai Hospital Naoto Endo Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Original Article 10.18926/AMO/60798 Indexes for objectively evaluating abnormal gait in hip osteoarthritis (OA) patients and determining effective interventions are unclear. We analyzed the abnormal gait of hip OA patients by focusing on movements of the trunk and pelvis to establish an effective evaluation index for each direction of motion. We studied 28 patients with secondary hip OA due to developmental dysplasia of the hip and 16 controls. The trunk and pelvic movements during gait were measured in the medial-lateral (x), vertical (y), and back-and-forth (z) directions by a triaxial angular accelerometer. Gait speed, steps, step length, muscle strength, range of motion, and timed up-and-go (TUG) test performance were measured. We determined the correlations between physical function and the index of abnormal gait in the hip OA patients. Movements other than trunk and pelvic motions in the y-direction indicated abnormal gait in the patients. Significant correlations were found between abnormal gait and range of motions (extension, internal rotation), TUG score, stride length, and steps. The TUG test, stride length and steps were important for evaluating abnormal gait in hip OA patients. Individual interventions for each movement direction are required. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 74 5 2020 Clinical Relevance of Serum Prolactin Levels to Inflammatory Reaction in Male Patients 381 389 EN Koichiro Yamamoto Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshihisa Hanayama Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kou Hasegawa Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuki Tokumasu Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomoko Miyoshi Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hideharu Hagiya Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroko Ogawa Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Mikako Obika Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Koichi Itoshima Department of Laboratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital Fumio Otsuka Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Original Article 10.18926/AMO/60797 To clarify the relevance of prolactin (PRL) to clinical parameters in patients who visited our general medicine department, medical records of 353 patients in whom serum PRL levels were measured during the period from 2016 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Data for 140 patients (M/F: 42/98) were analyzed after excluding patients lacking detailed records and patients taking dopaminergic agents. Median serum PRL levels were significantly lower in males than females: 6.5 ng/ml (IQR: 4.2-10.3) versus 8.1 ng/ml (5.9-12.9), respectively. Pain and general fatigue were the major symptoms at the first visit, and past histories of hypertension and dyslipidemia were frequent. Male patients with relatively high PRL levels (≥ 10 ng/ml) had significantly lower levels of serum albumin and significantly higher levels of serum LDH than those with low PRL (< 10 ng/ml). There were significant correlations of male PRL level with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (R=0.62), serum LDH level (R=0.39) and serum albumin level (R=−0.52), while the level of serum CRP (R=0.33) showed an insignificant but weak positive correlation with PRL level. Collectively, these results show that PRL levels had gender-specific relevance to various clinical factors, with PRL levels in males being significantly related to inflammatory status. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Institute of Physics Acta Medica Okayama 0021-9606 153 11 2020 Structure and phase behavior of high-density ice from molecular-dynamics simulations with the ReaxFF potential 114501 EN Yuji Adachi Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Okayama University Kenichiro Koga 2Department of Chemistry, Okayama University We report a molecular dynamics simulation study of dense ice modeled by the reactive force field (ReaxFF) potential, focusing on the possibility of phase changes between crystalline and plastic phases as observed in earlier simulation studies with rigid water models. It is demonstrated that the present model system exhibits phase transitions, or crossovers, among ice VII and two plastic ices with face-centered cubic (fcc) and body-centered cubic (bcc) lattice structures. The phase diagram derived from the ReaxFF potential is different from those of the rigid water models in that the bcc plastic phase lies on the high-pressure side of ice VII and does the fcc plastic phase on the low-pressure side of ice VII. The phase boundary between the fcc and bcc plastic phases on the pressure, temperature plane extends to the high-temperature region from the triple point of ice VII, fcc plastic, and bcc plastic phases. Proton hopping, i.e., delocalization of a proton, along between two neighboring oxygen atoms in dense ice is observed for the ReaxFF potential but only at pressures and temperatures both much higher than those at which ice VII–plastic ice transitions are observed. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 74 4 2020 Recurrence of Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma Could Be Predicted by Ki-67 Regardless of Its Origin 335 343 EN Yumiko Yamamoto Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kochi University Yoshihiro Hayashi Department of Equipment of Support Planning Office, Kochi University Ichiro Murakami Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kochi University Original Article 10.18926/AMO/60372 Since the discovery of the NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion in 2013, solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) and hemangiopericytoma (HPC) have been considered the same disease. STAT6 nuclear stain is approved as a highly sensitive and specific marker to diagnose SFT/HPC from other tumors with similar histology. As the next step, detection of fusion variants that may predict clinical malignancy of SFT/HPC has been attempted. However, no fusion variants with a clear relation to malignancy have been identified. In this study, the clinical and histological backgrounds of 23 Japanese patients diagnosed with SFT/HPC from 2000 to 2019 at Kochi University Hospital were examined to identify factors potentially related to recurrence. A significant relationship to recurrence was detected for mitosis ≥ 1/10 HPF (400×), necrosis, and Ki-67>5%. These findings indicate that a deliberate investigation of histological features such as mitosis and necrosis is crucial for the clinical observation of SFT/ HPC patients. In addition, Ki-67 was revealed to be a useful parameter to predict recurrence in SFT/HPC patients. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 74 4 2020 Factors Predicting a Favorable Disease Course Without Anti-TNF Therapy in Crohn’s Disease Patients 265 274 EN Toshihiro Inokuchi Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Sakiko Hiraoka Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Eriko Yasutomi Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shohei Oka Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasushi Yamasaki Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hideaki Kinugasa Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masahiro Takahar Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Seiji Kawano Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Keita Harada Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Okada Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jun Kato bDepartment of Gastroenterology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital Original Article 10.18926/AMO/60363 Determining factors that predict a favorable disease course without anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents would help establish a more cost-effective strategy for Crohn’s disease (CD). A retrospective chart review was performed for CD patients with disease durations > 10 years who had not received anti-TNF agents as first-line therapy. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those who received neither anti-TNF agents nor bowel resection (G1), and those who had received an anti-TNF agent and/or bowel resection (G2). The patient backgrounds, therapies and clinical courses were compared between the groups. A total of 62 CD patients met the inclusion criteria (males: 71%; median duration of follow-up: 19 years). Six patients were included in G1; they were significantly less likely to have upper gastrointestinal lesions than G2 (p=0.007). A multivariate analysis revealed that the significant factors for avoidance of bowel resection without anti-TNF treatment were non-stricturing and non-penetrating behaviors, and absence of upper gastrointestinal lesions at the diagnosis (hazard ratios 0.41 and 0.52; p=0.004 and 0.04, respectively). In consideration of the long treatment course of CD, patients with non-stricturing and non-penetrating behaviors and no upper gastrointestinal lesions should not be treated with anti-TNF agents as first-line therapy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI Acta Medica Okayama 2072-6694 12 6 2020 Paclitaxel and Sorafenib: The Effective Combination of Suppressing the Self-Renewal of Cancer Stem Cells 1360 EN Hend M. Nawara Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Said M. Afify Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University Ghmkin Hassan Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University Maram H. Zahra Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University Marwa N. Atallah Vertebrates Embryology and Comparative Anatomy, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University Hager Mansour Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Hagar A. Abu Quora Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University Md Jahangir Alam Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Amira Osman Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University Hiroki Kakuta Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroki Hamada Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science Akimasa Seno Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University Masaharu Seno Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Combination therapy, which is a treatment modality combining two or more therapeutic agents, is considered a cornerstone of cancer therapy. The combination of anticancer drugs, of which functions are different from the other, enhances the efficiency compared to the monotherapy because it targets cancer cells in a synergistic or an additive manner. In this study, the combination of paclitaxel and sorafenib in low concentration was evaluated to target cancer stem cells, miPS-BT549cmP and miPS-Huh7cmP cells, developed from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. The synergistic effect of paclitaxel and sorafenib on cancer stem cells was assessed by the inhibition of proliferation, self-renewal, colony formation, and differentiation. While the IC(50)values of paclitaxel and sorafenib were approximately ranging between 250 and 300 nM and between 6.5 and 8 mu M, respectively, IC(50)of paclitaxel reduced to 20 and 25 nM, which was not toxic in a single dose, in the presence of 1 mu M sorafenib, which was not toxic to the cells. Then, the synergistic effect was further assessed for the potential of self-renewal of cancer stem cells by sphere formation ability. As a result, 1 mu M of sorafenib significantly enhanced the effect of paclitaxel to suppress the number of spheres. Simultaneously, paclitaxel ranging in 1 to 4 nM significantly suppressed not only the colony formation but also the tube formation of the cancer stem cells in the presence of 1 mu M sorafenib. These results suggest the combination therapy of paclitaxel and sorafenib in low doses should be an attractive approach to target cancer stem cells with fewer side effects. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学 資源植物科学研究所 野生植物グループ Acta Medica Okayama セイヨウワサビ EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学 資源植物科学研究所 野生植物グループ Acta Medica Okayama イタリーマンテマ EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 74 2 2020 The Diagnostic Capacity of Pre-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT for Predicting the Extranodular Spread of Lymph Node Metastases in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma 123 128 EN Ryuichiro Fukuhara Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takayoshi Shinya Department of Radiology, Okayama Diagnostic Imaging Center, Okayama university Hospital Shogo Fukuma Department of Radiology, Okayama Diagnostic Imaging Center, Okayama university Hospital Nanako Ogawa Department of Radiology, Okayama Diagnostic Imaging Center, Okayama university Hospital Yoshihisa Masaoka Department of Radiology, Okayama Diagnostic Imaging Center, Okayama university Hospital Takehiro Tanaka Department of Pathology, Okayama Diagnostic Imaging Center, Okayama university Hospital Hidenori Marunaka Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama Diagnostic Imaging Center, Okayama university Hospital Tadashi Arioka Department of Radiology, Okayama Diagnostic Imaging Center, Okayama university Hospital Takao Hiraki Department of Radiology, Okayama Diagnostic Imaging Center, Okayama university Hospital Mitsumasa Kaji Department of Radiology, Okayama Diagnostic Imaging Center, Okayama university Hospital Susumu Kanazawa Department of Radiology, Okayama Diagnostic Imaging Center, Okayama university Hospital Original Article 10.18926/AMO/58270 The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of pretreatment 90-min 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) to predict the extranodular spread of lymph node metastases in oral squamous cell carcinoma. We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 56 patients who underwent pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT and surgery with neck dissection. Maximum standardized uptake value, metabolic tumor volume, and total lesion glycolysis were measured for the 56 primary sites and maximum standardized uptake value was measured for 115 lymph node levels. Extranodular spread was present at 9 lymph node levels in 7 patients. Significant differences were found in metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis of the primary site, and in lymph node maximum standardized uptake value, between patients with and without extranodular spread (p<0.05). Combining primary site total lesion glycolysis and lymph node maximum standardized uptake volume at their respective optimal cutoffs, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for predicting extranodular spread were 89%, 92%, and 92%, respectively. Pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT is useful for predicting extranodular spread in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. The combined use of primary site total lesion glycolysis and lymph node maximum standardized uptake value showed greater predictive value than either predictor singly. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 74 1 2020 Robotic Renal Autotransplantation: A Feasibility Study in a Porcine Model 53 58 EN Risa Kubota Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Motoo Araki Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Koichiro Wada Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kasumi Kawamura Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuki Maruyama Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yosuke Mitsui Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takuya Sadahira Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuichi Ariyoshi Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takehiro Iwata Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shingo Nishimura Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Atsushi Takamoto Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tomoko Sako Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kohei Edamura Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasuyuki Kobayashi Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuzuki Kano Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masashi Kitagawa Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Katsuyuki Tanabe Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hitoshi Sugiyama Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jun Wada Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masami Watanabe Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toyohiko Watanabe Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasutomo Nasu Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Original Article 10.18926/AMO/57953 We investigated the feasibility of robotic renal autotransplantation (RAT) in a porcine model to reduce invasiveness of RAT. Five pigs underwent robotic RAT using the da Vinci® robotic system. A robotic left nephrectomy was performed in all cases. Robotic RAT was performed on the left side in all but one case. Four ports were used. In 3 cases, the kidney was taken out through the GelPort® and irrigated on ice with Ringer’s solution. In 2 cases, a complete intracorporeal robotic RAT was performed. An end-to-side anastomosis was performed between the renal vein and the external iliac vein and between the renal artery and the external iliac artery. Ureteroneocystostomy was also performed in 2 cases. All cases were performed robotically without open conversion. The median (IQR) console time was 3.1 (0.7) h, and the operative time was 3.8 (1.1) h. The estimated blood loss was 30 (0) ml. The warm ischemia time was 4.0 (0.2) min, and the cold ischemia time was 97 (17) min. Intracorporeal transarterial hypothermic renal perfusion was feasible in the 2 complete intracorporeal robotic RAT cases by using a perfusion catheter through a laparoscopic port. Robotic RAT has the potential to be a new minimally invasive substitute for conventional open surgery. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 0386-2208 95 4 2019 Hypervelocity collision and water-rock interaction in space preserved in the Chelyabinsk ordinary chondrite 165 177 EN Eizo Nakamura The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Tak Kunihiro The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Tsutomu Ota The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Chie Sakaguchi The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Ryoji Tanaka The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Hiroshi Kitagawa Okayama Univ, Inst Planetary Mat, Pheast Mem Lab Geochem & Cosmochem Katsura Kobayashi The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Masahiro Yamanaka The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Yuri Shimaki The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Gray E. Bebout The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Hitoshi Miura Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University Tetsuo Yamamoto Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University Vladimir Malkovets The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Victor Grokhovsky Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University Olga Koroleva Institute of Mineralogy, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences South-Ural State University Konstantin Litasov V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences A comprehensive geochemical study of the Chelyabinsk meteorite reveals further details regarding its history of impact-related fragmentation and melting, and later aqueous alteration, during its transit toward Earth. We support an similar to 30 Ma age obtained by Ar-Ar method (Beard et al., 2014) for the impact-related melting, based on Rb-Sr isotope analyses of a melt domain. An irregularly shaped olivine with a distinct 0 isotope composition in a melt domain appears to be a fragment of a silicate-rich impactor. Hydrogen and Li concentrations and isotopic compositions, textures of Fe oxyhydroxides, and the presence of organic materials located in fractures, are together consistent with aqueous alteration, and this alteration could have pre-dated interaction with the Earth's atmosphere. As one model, we suggest that hypervelocity capture of the impact-related debris by a comet nucleus could have led to shock-wave-induced supercritical aqueous fluids dissolving the silicate, metallic, and organic matter, with later ice sublimation yielding a rocky rubble pile sampled by the meteorite. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 73 5 2019 Relationship between Sedentary Behavior and All-cause Mortality in Japanese Chronic Hemodialysis Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study 419 425 EN Shuhei Hishii Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University Nobuyuki Miyatake Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University Hiroyuki Nishi Innoshima General Hospital Akihiko Katayama Faculty of Social Studies, Shikokugakuin University Kazuhiro Ujike Innoshima General Hospital Kiichi Koumoto Innoshima General Hospital Hiromi Suzuki Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University Hiroo Hashimoto Innoshima General Hospital Original Article /10.18926/AMO/57372 We investigated the relationship between sedentary behavior and all-cause mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. A total of 71 patients (39 men, 32 women, aged 72.1±11.7 years) were enrolled in this longitudinal study. Their sedentary behavior was measured using a tri-accelerometer that provides relative values per daily wearing time. We classified the sedentary behavior time into 2 groups (under the median: short-sedentary behavior (SB) group; over the median: long-SB group) and compared the groups’ clinical parameters. We compared the groups’ survival rates by using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test, and we performed multivariate analyses by a Cox-proportional hazard model to evaluate the relationship between the sedentary behavior and the survival rate. Twenty patients (28.2%) died during the observation period. The survival rate of the short-SB group was significantly higher than that of the long-SB group. Sedentary behavior was thus an important factor for all-cause mortality even after adjusting for confounding factors by a Cox-proportional hazard model. Sedentary behavior is closely linked to all-cause mortality, especially total days and non-hemodialysis days, and reducing sedentary behavior may be beneficial to reduce the all-cause mortality of patients on chronic hemodialysis. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 73 5 2019 Comparison of Two Different Drugs for Overactive Bladder, Solifenacin and Mirabegron: A Prospective Randomized Crossover Study 387 392 EN Miyabi Inoue Miyabi Urogyne Clinic Teruhiko Yokoyama Yokoyama Urological Clinic Original Article 10.18926/AMO/57368 To assess the efficacy and safety of 2 drugs for overactive bladder (OAB), solifenacin and mirabegron. Fortyseven female OAB patients were randomized into 2 groups. Twenty-three patients were initially prescribed solifenacin for 4 weeks, followed by mirabegron for 4 weeks (group S). The other 24 patients were initially prescribed mirabegron for 4 weeks, followed by solifenacin for 4 weeks (group M). Evaluations included clinical determination of the OAB symptom score (OABSS), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and Visual Analog Scale. The IPSS significantly improved after the administration of solifenacin in both groups. The OABSS significantly improved in both groups after 4 weeks. In group M, the OABSS after eight weeks was significantly improved compared to that after 4 weeks. However, in group S, it was not significantly improved. Twelve patients experienced adverse events during the solifenacin treatment, while 2 patients experienced adverse events during the mirabegron treatment. Both solifenacin and mirabegron led to improved OAB symptoms. Switching from mirabegron to solifenacin significantly improved the OABSS. However, mirabegron led to fewer adverse events than solifenacin. We recommend that mirabegron be prescribed first for OAB patients. If patients are not satisfied with mirabegron, solifenacin should be used. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Institute of Physics Acta Medica Okayama 00219606 150 4 2019 Phase diagram of ice polymorphs under negative pressure considering the limits of mechanical stability 041102 EN Takahiro Matsui Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Takuma Yagasaki Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Masakazu Matsumoto Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Hideki Tanaka Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Thermodynamic and mechanical stabilities of various ultralow-density ices are examined using computer simulations to construct the phase diagram of ice under negative pressure. Some ultralow-density ices, which were predicted to be thermodynamically metastable under negative pressures on the basis of the quasi-harmonic approximation, can exist only in a narrow pressure range at very low temperatures because they are mechanically fragile due to the large distortion in the hydrogen bonding network. By contrast, relatively dense ices such as ice Ih and ice XVI withstand large negative pressure. Consequently, various ices appear one after another in the phase diagram. The phase diagram of ice under negative pressure exhibits a different complexity from that of positive pressure because of the mechanical instability. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Institute of Physics Acta Medica Okayama 00219606 151 6 2019 Formation of Hot Ice Caused by Carbon Nanobrushes 064702 EN Takuma Yagasaki Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Masaru Yamasaki Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Masakazu Matsumoto Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Hideki Tanaka Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Confinement in nanoscaled porous materials changes properties of water significantly. We perform molecular dynamics simulations of water in a model of a nanobrush made of carbon nanotubes. Water crystallizes into a novel structure called dtc in the nanobrush when (6,6) nanotubes are located in a triangular arrangement, and there is a space that can accommodate two layers of water molecules between the tubes. The mechanism of the solidification is analogous to formation of gas hydrates: hydrophobic molecules promote crystallization when their arrangement matches ordered structures of water. This is supported by a statistical mechanical calculation, which bears resemblance to the theory on the clathrate hydrate stability. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Institute of Physics Acta Medica Okayama 0021-9606 150 21 2019 A Bayesian approach for identification of ice Ih, ice Ic, high density, and low density liquid water with a torsional order parameter 214504 EN Masakazu Matsumoto Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Takuma Yagasaki Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Hideki Tanaka Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University An order parameter is proposed to classify the local structures of liquid and solid water. The order parameter, which is calculated from the O–O–O–O dihedral angles, can distinguish ice Ih, ice Ic, high density, and low density liquid water. Three coloring schemes are proposed to visualize each of the coexisting phases in a system using the order parameter on the basis of Bayesian decision theory. The schemes are applied to a molecular dynamics trajectory in which ice nucleation occurs following spontaneous liquid-liquid separation in the deeply supercooled region as a demonstration. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 73 3 2019 A Case of Nager Syndrome Diagnosed Before Birth 273 277 EN Kei Hayata Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hisashi Masuyama Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Eriko Eto Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takashi Mitsui Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shoko Tamada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takeshi Eguchi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jota Maki Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazumasa Tani Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Akiko Ohira Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yosuke Washio Department Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Junko Yoshimoto Department Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kosei Hasegawa Department Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Case Report /10.18926/AMO/56872 Nager syndrome is a rare disease involving severe micrognathia and upper limb shortening. In this report, we describe a case in which micrognathia of the fetus was suspected based on the observation of upper limb shortening during detailed B mode and 3D/4D ultrasonographic observation, and combined fetal MRI and 3D-CT led to a prenatal diagnosis of Nager syndrome. Upon birth, because severe micrognathia caused airway obstruction and made it difficult to spread the larynx for intubation, effective ventilation could not be carried out and a tracheostomy was necessary. Since a differential diagnosis of Nager syndrome can be made based on the fact that micrognathia typically co-occurs with upper limb shortening, it is possible to diagnose the disease before birth and prepare for life-saving measures accordingly. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 73 2 2019 Prolonged Tachycardia with Higher Heart Rate Is Associated with Higher ICU and In-hospital Mortality 147 153 EN Masao Hayashi Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Hospital Arata Taniguchi Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Hospital Ryuji Kaku Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Hospital Shusaku Fujimoto Okayama University Medical School Satoshi Isoyama Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Hospital Sei Manabe Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital Tsubasa Yoshida Department of Anesthesiology, Tottori Municipal Hospital Satoshi Suzuki Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Hospital Kazuyoshi Shimizu Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Hospital Hiroshi Morimatsu Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Hospital Ryusuke Momota Department of Human Morphology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Original Article 10.18926/AMO/56650 Tachycardia is common in intensive care units (ICUs). It is unknown whether tachycardia or prolonged tachycardia affects patient outcomes. We investigated the association between tachycardia and mortality in critically ill patients. This retrospective cohort study’s primary outcome was patient mortality in the ICU and the hospital. We stratified the patients (n=476) by heart rate (HR) as LowHR, MediumHR, and HighHR groups. We also stratified them by their durations of HR >100 (prolonged HR; tachycardia): MildT, ModerateT, and SevereT groups. We determined the six groups’ mortality. The ICU mortality rates of the LowHR, MediumHR, and HighHR groups were 1.0%, 1.5%, and 7.9%, respectively; significantly higher in the HighHR vs. LowHR group. The in-hospital mortality rates of these groups were 1%, 4.5%, and 14.6%, respectively; significantly higher in the HighHR vs. LowHR group. The ICU mortality rates of the MildT, ModerateT, and SevereT groups were 0.9%, 5.6%, and 57.1%, respectively. The mortality of the HRT=0 (i.e., all HR ≤ 100) patients was 0%. The in-hospital mortality rates of the MildT, ModerateT, and SevereT groups were 1.8%, 16.7%, and 85.7%, respectively; that of the HRT=0 patients was 0.5%. Both higher HR and prolonged tachycardia were associated with poor outcomes. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 71 4 2017 Robotic Renal Autotransplantation: First Case Outside of North America 351 355 EN Motoo Araki Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Koichiro Wada Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yosuke Mitsui Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takuya Sadahira Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Risa Kubota Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shingo Nishimura Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takashi Yoshioka Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuichi Ariyoshi Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kei Fujio Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Atsushi Takamoto Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Morito Sugimoto Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Katsumi Sasaki Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasuyuki Kobayashi Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shin Ebara Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hideki Taninishi Department of Anesthesiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Amano Amano Clinic Masashi Inui Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center Masami Watanabe Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toyohiko Watanabe Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasutomo Nasu Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Case Report /10.18926/AMO/55313 A 38-year-old woman with a 2.7-cm left ureteral stenosis requiring chronic ureteral stent exchange elected to undergo robotic renal autotransplantation. Left ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) was also suspected. Robotic donor nephrectomy contributed to the fine dissection for desmoplastic changes. The kidney was removed through a Gelport and examined on ice. UPJO was not seen. An end-to-side robotic anastomosis was created between the renal and external iliac vessels. The console time was 507 min, and the warm ischemia time was 4 min 5 sec. She became stent-free. Robotic renal autotransplantation is a new, minimally invasive approach to renal preservation. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 129 2 2017 家族性大腸腺腫症術後20年後に小腸癌を発症した1例 111 114 EN Yuusaku Sugihara Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Seiji Kawano Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Keita Harada Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Shiho Takashima Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Daisuke Takei Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Toshihiro Inokuchi Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Masahiro Takahara Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Sakiko Hiraoka Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Yoshiko Mori Division of Endoscopy, Okayama University Hospital Hiroyuki Kishimoto Division of Endoscopy, Okayama University Hospital Takeshi Nagasaka Division of Endoscopy, Okayama University Hospital Hiroyuki Okada Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital A 58-year-old Japanese man visited a local clinic for the evaluation of a stomachache. He was diagnosed with intestinal obstruction. His medical history included a proctocolectomy at the age of 38 years, due to familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). He was referred to our institution, where he underwent a computed tomography examination and endoscopy of the small intestine. The pathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma. No invasive or metastatic lesions were observed. Therefore, partial resection of the ileum with lymphadenectomy and reconstruction of the ileostomy were performed. Pathological examination revealed that the tumor was type 2, pT3 (SS) , pN1, pPM0, pDM0, pRM0, INFb, ly1, v1, pEX0, PN0. Twenty-nine days after the surgery, the patient was diagnosed with lung metastasis and he underwent lung radiofrequency ablation. We suggest that long-term follow-up is necessary for patients after surgery for FAP, because of the risk of malignant disease developing in other organs. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier Acta Medica Okayama 1323-8930 65 1 2016 Regulatory effect of TLR3 signaling on staphylococcal enterotoxin-induced IL-5, IL-13, IL-17A and IFN-γ production in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps 96 102 EN Mitsuhiro Okano Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tazuko Fujiwara Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shin Kariya Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takaya Higaki Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Sei-ichiro Makihara Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kagawa Rosai Hospital Takenori Haruna Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasuyuki Noyama Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takahisa Koyama Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ryotaro Omichi Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yorihisa Orita Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kentaro Miki Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kengo Kanai Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital Kazunori Nishizaki Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is expressed in upper airways, however, little is known regarding whether Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signals exert a regulatory effect on the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), especially on eosinophilic inflammation. We sought to investigate the effect of Poly(IC), the ligand for TLR3, on cytokine production by dispersed nasal polyp cells (DNPCs). METHODS: DNPCs were pretreated with or without Poly(IC), and were then cultured in the presence or absence of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), following which the levels of IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A and interferon (IFN)-γ in the supernatant were measured. To determine the involvement of IL-10 and cyclooxygenase in Poly(IC)-mediated signaling, DNPCs were treated with anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibody and diclofenac, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, respectively. Poly(IC)-induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was also determined. RESULTS: Exposure to Poly(IC) induced a significant production of IL-10, but not of IL-5, IL-13, IL-17A or IFN-γ by DNPCs. Pretreatment with Poly(IC) dose-dependently inhibited SEB-induced IL-5, IL-13 and IL-17A, but not IFN-γ production. Neutralization of IL-10 significantly abrogated the inhibitory effect of Poly(IC). Treatment with diclofenac also abrogated the inhibitory effect of Poly(IC) on SEB-induced IL-5 and IL-13 production. However, unlike exposure of diclofenac-treated DNPCs to lipopolysaccharide, the ligand for TLR4, exposure of these cells to Poly(IC) did not enhance IL-5 or IL-13 production. Poly(IC) did not significantly increase PGE2 production by DNPCs. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that TLR3 signaling regulates eosinophilia-associated cytokine production in CRSwNP, at least in part, via IL-10 production. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 129 1 2017 アントラキノンの長期連用，及び摂取中止が大腸粘膜に与える影響 23 30 EN Eiji Iwano Kamogata Clinic Masaya Iwamuro Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Anthraquinone, an anthracene derivatives, is widely used as a purgative medicine. The long-term use of anthraquinone is known to cause melanosis coli and elevated lesions in the colon. However, the clinical course of patients who take anthraquinone over a long term and those who discontinue the drug has not been fully investigated. Here we investigated 22 patients who had colonic mucosal changes ( i.e., melanosis coli and elevated lesions) who had been taking anthraquinone for at least one year and discontinued it. We classified the elevated lesions into two subtypes:the small-lesion, which included multiple small nodules that were ＜ 2 mm in dia., and the large-lesion, which included a single or multiple nodules of ≥ 2-mm dia. We used colonoscopy to investigate the changes of colonic lesions between before and after the discontinuation of anthraquinone. The results indicated that the nodules of the small-lesion group were lymphoid follicle hyperplasia. In the large-lesion group, adenoma was most frequently observed ( n＝118) , followed by hyperplastic polyp ( n＝52) and inflammatory changes with edema ( n＝22) . Melanosis coli and elevated lesions were decreased or invisible after the discontinuation of anthraquinone. Our findings thus suggest that the long-term use of anthraquinone may cause some type of elevated lesions due to chronic inflammation. It is recommended that the use of anthraquinone be limited to a short term. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Physical Society Acta Medica Okayama 0031-9007 115 19 2015 Chiral Ordering in Supercooled Liquid Water and Amorphous Ice 197801 EN Masakazu Matsumoto Takuma Yagasaki Hideki Tanaka The emergence of homochiral domains in supercooled liquid water is presented using molecular dynamics simulations. An individual water molecule possesses neither a chiral center nor a twisted conformation that can cause spontaneous chiral resolution. However, an aggregation of water molecules will naturally give rise to a collective chirality. Such homochiral domains possess obvious topological and geometrical orders and are energetically more stable than the average. However, homochiral domains cannot grow into macroscopic homogeneous structures due to geometrical frustrations arising from their icosahedral local order. Homochiral domains are the major constituent of supercooled liquid water and the origin of heterogeneity in that substance, and are expected to be enhanced in low-density amorphous ice at lower temperatures. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

National Academy of Sciences. Acta Medica Okayama 0027-8424 112 27 2015 Solid-liquid critical behavior of water in nanopores 8221 8226 EN Kenji Mochizuki Kenichiro Koga Nanoconfined liquid water can transform into low-dimensional ices whose crystalline structures are dissimilar to any bulk ices and whose melting point may significantly rise with reducing the pore size, as revealed by computer simulation and confirmed by experiment. One of the intriguing, and as yet unresolved, questions concerns the observation that the liquid water may transform into a low-dimensional ice either via a first-order phase change or without any discontinuity in thermodynamic and dynamic properties, which suggests the existence of solid−liquid critical points in this class of nanoconfined systems. Here we explore the phase behavior of a model of water in carbon nanotubes in the temperature−pressure−diameter space by molecular dynamics simulation and provide unambiguous evidence to support solid−liquid critical phenomena of nanoconfined water. Solid−liquid first-order phase boundaries are determined by tracing spontaneous phase separation at various temperatures. All of the boundaries eventually cease to exist at the critical points and there appear loci of response function maxima, or the Widom lines, extending to the supercritical region. The finite-size scaling analysis of the density distribution supports the presence of both first-order and continuous phase changes between solid and liquid. At around the Widom line, there are microscopic domains of two phases, and continuous solid−liquid phase changes occur in such a way that the domains of one phase grow and those of the other evanesce as the thermodynamic state departs from the Widom line. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 126 3 2014 岡山県下のクリニック・診療所におけるリウマチ診療・病診連携の実態に関する研究 209 215 EN Ken-ei Sada Keiichiro Nishida Takao Yamanaka Kenta Misaki Hiroshi Wakabayashi Junko Shinoda Toru Takagi Ryusuke Yano Akihiko Nakamura Yoshifumi Nanba Yoshitaka Morita Yoshinobu Koyama Keiji Yamamoto Kazuhiko Ezawa Yusuke Ota Yoshiki Yoshihara Shinya Miyoshi Masamitsu Natsumeda Masaaki Usui Yasuhiko Yoshinaga Takashi Hayashi Masahiro Yamamura Hiroyuki Hashizume Objective: To survey the current status and problems of cooperation between clinics and hospitals in Okayama Prefecture, Japan for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 　Methods: We distributed a questionnaire to 300 of the 983 Okayama Prefecture clinics that had either an internal medicine or orthopedic surgery department, from December 2013 to February 2014. The questionnaire covered practice pattern for RA treatment in clinics, current status of the hospital and clinic cooperation, and acceptance of the biologic therapy. 　Results: One hundred clinics responded to the questionnaire. Seventy percent of the clinics reported making referrals to rheumatologists before the initiation of RA treatment, and half of the other 30% of the clinics administered methotrexate as the first-line treatment for RA by their own decision. Sixty-six clinics cooperated with flagship hospitals, conducting medical and laboratory examinations, providing prescriptions, and treating common diseases of patients. These clinics expected the cooperating rheumatologists to follow-up patients every 3 to 6 months and to make the diagnosis, make decisions regarding RA treatment changes, and perform surgery. Seventy-one percent of the clinics responded that cooperation with a hospital is possible even for patients who are administered biologics. As reasons for no cooperation with the flagship hospitals, clinics noted the lack of information about rheumatologists in the area and recent trends in the management of RA. 　Conclusion: The current study reported, for the first time, the actual conditions of management of RA in clinics, as well as future problems of hospital and clinic cooperation in Okayama Prefecture. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2014 Theoretical study on a plastic phase of ice EN Kazuhiro Himoto No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 125 3 2013 乳癌と分子標的薬 243 250 EN Hiroyoshi Doihara No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 0022-1317 91 7 2010 Analysis of genetic diversity and molecular evolution of human group B rotaviruses based on whole genome segments 1772 1781 EN Dai Yamamoto Souvik Ghosh Balasubramanian Ganesh Triveni Krishnan Mamta Chawla-Sarkar Mohammed Mahbub Alam Tin Sabai Aung Nobumichi Kobayashi Group B rotavirus (GBR) is a rare enteric pathogen that causes severe diarrhoea, primarily in adults. Nearly full-length sequences of all 11 RNA segments were determined for human GBRs detected recently in India (IDH-084 in 2007, IC-008 in 2008), Bangladesh (Bang117 in 2003) and Myanmar (MMR-B1 in 2007), and analysed phylogenetically with the sequence data of GBRs reported previously. All RNA segments of GBR strains from India, Bangladesh and Myanmar showed >95 % nucleotide sequence identities. Among the 11 RNA segments, the VP6 and NSP2 genes showed the highest identities (>98 %), whilst the lowest identities were observed in the NSP4 gene (96.1 %), NSP5 gene (95.6 %) and VP8*-encoding region of the VP4 gene (95.9 %). Divergent or conserved regions in the deduced amino acid sequences of GBR VP1–VP4 and NSP1–NSP5 were similar to those in group A rotaviruses (GARs), and the functionally important motifs and structural characteristics in viral proteins known for GAR were conserved in all of the human GBRs. These findings suggest that, whilst the degree of genetic evolution may be dependent on each RNA segment, human GBR may have been evolving in a similar manner to GAR, associated with the similar functional roles of individual viral proteins. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 40 3 1928 藥物學的ニ窺ヒタル血液凝固ノ調節機轉ニ關スル研究 其1 血液凝固時間及ビ凝固要素ノ測定法竝ニ之ニ影響スル諸種ノ條件ニ就テ 546 569 EN Hisashi Tanaka Before the regulation of blood coagulation should be studied pharmacologically, I have, first of all as a means requisite for the desired object, selected out of or improved the existing method of determining both the coagulation time and coagulable components. In the second place, after giving some critical comments on those methods and making carful experiments upon various ploblems that have not yet been solved comprehensively, I have brought to light some conclusive evidences which stand test fairly, as follows: I 1; My own apparatus used for measuring the required time for clotting is but simple. As seen in Fig. 1, two glass-cylinders are put in an oblong kettle, Petres' diches of big size being put in each cylinder. Either cold or hot water or ice-water is filled up in these vessels, in order to keep on a difinite temperature. while the dishes being filled with a piece of gauze well soaked in water. A piece of filter-paper is laid on it, on which a watch-glass is put. The mater to be tested is run dawn on the glass. As for the determination of coagulation time, a hooked glass-thread is used for hooking the matter up at about the middle of it every 15 seconds. The first period of coagulation time lasts until when a tiny piece of fibrin sticks on the end of the glass-thread, and the second period comes to an end as a whole coagulated blood is crear of the face of the watch-glass by means of a glass-rod. This method requires no special skill in practice, and is good for oft-repeated experiments because of a little amount of blood used, and is not only affected by the change of external temperature and humidity, but has also an advantage of pointing out each end of the two periods precisely. 2. While there is an average value of 30 minutes for the coagulation time of a normal rabbit at the temperature ranging from 21°C to 23°C by Fonio's method, my own method takes far less time, an average time for coagulation being 7 minutes at 20°C in the first period, varying from 6.5 to 8 minutes, while taking 15.5 minutes on an average the second period, ranging from 12 minutes to 18.5 minutes. When tried with a single animal, it takes 15 seconds in the first period, and 30 to 45 seconds in the second period respectively, under repeated tests of blood. 3. By my method, as by Fonio's, there is some difference in coagulation time according as the amount of blood used. There exists, however, but little disparity in time in either experiment with a difinite amount used from 0.5 to 2.0 cc by Fonio's method, or with the amount of 2 to 4 gtt. by mine. Any increased amount of blood does not always run parallel to the length of its coagulation time, nor the coagulation is strikingly belated on account of a little amount used. 4. It is an unchangeable fact that the external temperature has no less influence upon the coagulation time. It has been tried by my method at the temperature ranging from 5° to 42°C, marking by drawing a curve line, as do by Bürker's, the result, which shows both the first and second period of coagulation become shorter as the external temperature rises higher. 5. The influence of body temperature upon the coagulation time of blood was inspected by means of heat puncture with a result showing the fact that there is a well-defined parallelism between the curves of the change of body temperature and coagulation time. 6. While it is true that certain amount of carbonic acid in blood plays part in its coagulation time, scholars opinion on the variation of clotting time between the venous and arterial blood has not agreed yet, it has been confirmed the fact that the coagulation time of the former is certainly longer than that of the latter in my own experiments by Fonio's method; but it is not certain whether it is due to only the difference in the tension of carbonic gas. II 1. My methods of measuring fibrinogen, thrombin, anti-thrombin have been much improved based on the principle of Wohlgemuth's methods, are not only good for repeated examinations, but are, also, able to indicate the desired results in a mere fragments of time. 2. Owing to the individuality of animals, the contained amount of those components varies, but when it is repeatedly experimented on the same animal, the result is generally unchangeable. 3. Fibrinogen solution used by myself contains prothrombin. 4. While the potency of serum decreases with the lapse of time, if it is applied to actively, no preeeptible change can be seen in its activity so long as several houres after its being taken out. It is, therefore, best fitted, accompany-ing no great troubles, to use an active serum as thrombin solution in measuring fibrinogen in blood. 5. Serum contains some amount of kinase, yet the amount of calcium in serum is too little for kinase to present itself in its activity, so that the coagulable power of serum on fibrinogen is strengthend when some of calcium is added to the serum in case the power relaxes in both normal condition and wanting in calcium. I doubt kinase will sway a great influence upon my method of measuring thrombin in serum. 6. Hybrid-serum coagulate fibrinogen and transform it into fibrin but the speed of transforming being greatly varied, it may be safely be said the serum has a singular property so far as coagulation time is conserned. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 52 7 1940 家兎血清ノCataphoreseニ就テノ研究 1691 1698 EN Yosiyuki Okamura The author has carried out experiments on the cataphorese of serum of rabbit by means of Vlcs's methods. The summary of experiments runs as follows: 1) Isoelectric point of normal serum lier between pH 5 and 6. 2) Isoelectric point of serum of pregnant rabbit moves towards acid side. 3) After injection of albumine medicament "Omnin", isoelectric point of serum moves towards acid side. 4) When body temperature is raised, by means of injection of several medicaments or putting animal in thermostat, isoelectric point of serum moves towards alkaline side. 5) After staying several hours in ice-room, isoelectric point of serum moves towards acid side. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 66 12 1954 外科領域における塩酸プロカインの定量と血清プロカイン・エステラーゼ 第1編 塩酸プロカインの定量およびプロカイン・エステラーゼに就いて 2461 2468 EN Jyunzo Tanino The method of the quantitative determination of procaine that has been adopted here is the colorimetric one which modified Brodie's; that is, in place of N (1-naphthyl) ethylendiamine in Brodie's method, more excellent Tsuda's reagent, 1-(ß-diethyl amino ethylamino) naphthalene dihydrochloride, has been used in ours, and buffer of boric acid (pH 9.0) has been used to separate procaine chemically from p-amino benzoic acid, hydrolyzed product of procaine produced by procainc-esterase in our method as well as in Brodie's. The procaine-esterase in 1 ml. of fresh human serum has the activity to he capable of hydrolyzing almost all the procaine hydrochloride 0.01 mg into p-amino benzoic acid and diethylamino ethanol in 4 to 5 minutes at shade temperature (10°C). The older the serum is in an ice stockroom, the more this activity of procaine-esterase in serum decreases. Procaine-esterase is scarcely existing in blood-corpuscles and extracellular fluid, such as fluid in bulla by burns or pleural exudation. Futhermore it is said that the narcotic action of diethylamino ethanol produced by the hydrolysis of procaine is weaker than that of procaine. Therefore it is more suitable for procaine to be used as local anesthesia than intravenous one. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 66 5 1954 大腸菌ファージの実験的研究 第一編 大腸菌ファージのクロマトグラフ 909 918 EN K. Sasaki Since 1940 the study of phage opened not only the beginning of co-operate study for physicists and chemists, but also the phage came to be clearified its character as the Bacterio Virus gradually. Then the study of phage made not a few contributions to the development of the study of Virus as model material of its kind. Now, these results are due to the endeavors of such scholars as Delbrück, Anderson, Cohen, Putznam, Doermann, Wyckoff and their co-operators mainly. Then, Charles. C. Shepard found out the characteristics of a distinctive nature in paperstrips in the course of investigations for the adsorptive behavior of Viruses. I tried some experiments in the paperchromatograph and capillarglass-chromatograph about the conditions that the phagef of coli-strains being adsorbed and recovered by paper and capillarglass. 1. The solvent employed here was 0.1% bovine serum albumin in 0.1 M sodium chloride. 2. The solution employed was colibacteriophage diluted appropriately in the same solvent. 3. The adsorbent employed was Toyo-filterpaper and capillarglass which were treated previously by 0.01 M hydrochloric acid and then washed by glasswather. 4. The experiments were carried out in an ice-box. At the beginning of an experiment a paperstrip was placed in the test tube so that it might not touch the sides, but touch the 20 ml. of solvent placed beforehand in the bottom of the tube. When the water front passed the second 1.25 cm section, 0.002 ml. of phage diluted in the same solvent appropriately as was placed in the bottom of the tube was quickly placed in the center of the second section and. the paper returned to the position in the tube. When the water front passed the last marked section, the paper was removed from the tube and ten marked sections were quickly cut off into their respective ten test tubes each containing of a culture of E. coli-strains. For a period of not more than 10 minutes, the ten sections of paper were stirred occasionally and pressed against the sides of the tubes. At the end of it, 0.5 ml. were taken out and added it to 3.0 ml. of 0.7% agar; the resultant 3.5 ml. were mixed up and poured on a 1%, agarplate. There was recovered viable phage in a considerable degree. 5. It seems to me that this recoveries of phage has been carried out due to the presence of bovine serum albumin. The chromatograph conducted here would seem to involbe the mixture of elution and displacement in the Terminology of Tiselius. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 69 10 1957 脳の窒素代謝 第2篇 正常大黒鼠脳髄アンモニア並にアミノ酸について 2477 2483 EN Kiyoshi Kawai Ammonia of the normal rat brain was measured by Conway's microdiffusion method, and amino acid by the paper chromatography, and the following data have been obtained in respective measurements. 1) In the case of the normal rat brain immersed in liquid nitrogen, the percentage of the contents of the following substances proved to be as follows: ammonia, 1.05 mg. per cent; glutamic acid, 140.9 mg. per cent; glutamine, 92.3 mg. per cent; and γ aminobutylic acid, 27.7 mg. per cent. 2) Trepanation and Enuculation of the Brain. Contents of the substances found in the brain frozen solid by dry ice acetone gave the following percentage; ammonia, 0.64 mg. per cent; glutamic acid, 159.9 mg. per cent; glutamine, 94.6 mg. per cent; and γ aminobutylic acid, 37.2 mg. per cent. 3) The amounts of ammonia formed by brain slices were found to be 5.1 μ M/g. for the first one hour, and 7.3 μ M/g. in two hours; and 13.8 μ M/g. in three hours, respectively. In this case, the decrease in the contents of glutamic acid and glutamine during the first two hours paralleled the increase in the contents of ammonia. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 69 3 1957 心臓外科と心電図 第1編 冬眠麻醉（全身冷却法）時の心電図について（実験的研究） 745 765 EN Masamitsu Kawanishi Effects of general hypothermia on E. C. G. were studied on dogs. Thirteen dogs were cooled with ice bags following intravenous pentothal anesthesia supplemented with drop infusion of Cocktail lytique. Rectal temperature of dogs were kept at the range from 30°C to 27°C during the experiment and E. C. G. was recorded in several stages of cooing. In two of them E. C. G. were taken during a period of rewarming, too. The following alterations in E. C. G. were noticed. (1) R-R: R-R interval was gradually prolonged with progress of cooling. It prolonged in lineal fashion with the decrease in rectal temperature. On rewarming R-R interval returned to normal value. (2) P-Q: P-Q interval was slightly prolonged on cooling in most cases (84.6%) and returned to normal on rewarming. This change was not marked compared with prolongation of Q-T. (3) Q-T: Q-T interval markedly prolonged with the decrease in rectal temperature. This change disappered on rewarming. (4) QRS: Widening of QRS was seen on cooling in most cases. This change was marked when rectal temperature was decreased below 30°C, hewever, returned to normal on rewarming. Occasionally R' wave appeaerd during cooling in about one third of the series. It was anticipated that widening of QRS is due to occurrence of R' wave. (5) P. Q. S.: No marked changes were noticed in P. Q. and S. waves. (6) R: R wave increased its amplitude on cooling. (7) T: Inversion or diphasion of T wave appeared when rectal temperature decreased to around 30°C in about one half of the series and coronary T was observed about one third in leads II and III. (8) ST: ST depression occurred in 38.5% when the rectal temperature decreased below 30°C in leads II and III. (9) One dog died of ventricular fibrillation which occurred abruptly when rectal temperature was reduced to 26.3°C. Temporary ventricular premature beats appeared in another dog during rewarming. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 24 4 1993 入管法改正に伴う中国人私費留学生のアルバイト問題（II） 139 160 EN Masumi Oka /10.18926/OER/41826 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 24 3 1992 入管法改正に伴う中国人私費留学生のアルバイト問題（I） 61 90 EN Masumi Oka /10.18926/OER/41817 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 71 8-2 1959 肝Catalase活性に関する研究 第1編 剖検材料より得た各種疾患時の肝Catalase活性に就て 5101 5105 EN Masayoshi Kawasaki For the purpose to learn the relation between the catalase activity of liver and the disease the author performed the estimation of catalase activity in the liver from the autopsy materials. Prior to perform the estimation on the autopsy materials the changes in the activity of the enzyme after the death have been checked on rats with a certain period of time after killing the animals. The tests proved that no change occurs in the activity in those preserved at 1 to 2 C in a ice chamber 24 hours after the death, though a marked decrease can be seen after 17 hours at 37 C. On the basis of this observation all the autopsy materials are taken within 8 hours after the death. As the results it has been found that the liver catalase decreases markedly in its activity in some disease as revealed by estimating with the slightly modified method of Bonichsen, Chance and Theorell. The liver tissues from 5 cases bearing malignant neoplasms and having tumors in the liver show a markedly low activity in catalase, 65.7% of the normal level in mean value, and the tumor tissues themselves in the liver are found to be extremely low in activity, 27.5%. A relatively low activity also can be seen in the liver from another tumor-bearing individuals, in which no metastasized tumor in the liver has been found, 82% of the normal level. With one exception of lymphosarcomatosis, where the activity have been found to be 1/10 of the normal level, in four cases of leukemia (2 monocytic leukemias and 2 lymphocytic lekemias) the activity has been found to be 64.8% of normal level. In four cases such as uremia, nephroses and so on, in which the metabolic activity is supposed to be lowered, relatively low levels have been found in the activity of liver catalase (82.5% in mean value). In 8 cases died of hemorrhage, benign tumor in brain and others the catalase activity of liver are kept almost at normal level. These observations show that the lowered catalase activity in liver does not necessarily be accompanied by the tumor formation. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 9-10 1990 生体内における補体による免疫複合体の可溶化に関する研究 1051 1060 EN Yoshinaka Umakoshi In order to examine the ability of complement to solubilize immune complexes (IC) in vivo, acute or chronic serum sickness nephritis was induced in 10 rabbits and 11 rats with by injection of BSA as an antigen (Ag). The animals were divided into two groups. The first received 500U or 50U/week cobra venom factor (CVF) administered intraperitoneally to reduce serum complement levels and complement-mediated solubilization of immune complexes. On the other hand, the second group received 2ml or 0.2ml/week turpentine oil (TO) injected interamuscularly to elevate serum complement levels and complement-mediated solubilization of immune complex. Renal biopsies were performed weekly with each animal, and these specimens were stained for antigen (BSA), antibody (IgG) and complement (C3) by immunofluorescence techniques. Results showed a significant difference between TO-, and CVF-treated animals with respect to the decline of IC in kidney lesions. No detectable IC (especially BSA) remained in the renal glomeruli of TO-treated nephritic animals, indicating that complement might act in vivo to solubilize IC deposited in tissues. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 7-8 1990 ラット慢性血清病腎炎発症における免疫複合体の動態 807 817 EN Keizo Komoda To study the mechanism of the induction of nephritis, chronic serum sickness (CSS) was induced in Fisher rats and the kinetics of immune complex formation and immunohistological glomerular alterations were studied up to the 13th week following pre-immunization with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Serum circulating immune complexes (CIC) were detectable in high titer from the 8th week (intravenous stage). After immunization with BSA, serum anti-BSA antibodies increased gradually and remained high in titer even after injection of BSA. At the 9th week, BSA, IgG and C3 were detectable transiently by immunofluorescence in glomerular capillary lumens. Light and electron microscopic findings were normal. At the 12th week, BSA, IgG and C3 were observed by immunofluorescence in glomerular basement membrane and increased in intensity with time. Urinary protein excretion was detected at the 11th week and the amount excreted increased with time. In conclusion, the change in antibody titer and CIC level indicated a smaller amount of antigens than antibodies during the induction of nephritis and CIC seemed to be formed in antibody excess. In addition, there was a time-lag of several weeks between the onset of nephritis (the onset of proteinuria and the deposition of IC in a glomerulus) and the rise of the CIC titer. The continuation of the high CIC titer and the saturation of the reticuloendothelial system seemed to be necessary to induce CSS nephritis in rats. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 5-6 1990 脳深部刺激による除痛に関する基礎的研究―とくにdeafferented painに対する内包および視床知覚中継核刺激の影響について― 529 548 EN Takao Wani The effect of electrical stimulation of the internal capsule (IC) or sensory thalamic nucleus (VPM) on neuronal activity in the subnucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STNcd) was examined electrophysiologically in the cat. The nociceptive neuronal firing in the STNcd was suppressed by the facilitation of the non-opiate pain inhibitory system, such as electrical stimulation of the IC or VPM of either side. High amplitude spontaneous and continous neuronal hyperactivity (deafferentation hyperactivity: DH), which was provoked in the left STNcd after complete ablation of the left Gasserian ganglion, was conspicuously suppressed by electrical stimulation of the IC of either side (rt. IC stimulation: 30/60; It. IC stimulation: 13/33), as well as by VPM stimulation of either side (rt. VPM stimulation: 5/13; It. VPM stimulation: 5/9). DH, similar to that provoked in the left STNcd after ganglionectomy, was found to spread to the right sensory thalamic nucleus. Twelve neurons with DH were identified in right VPM and nucleus centralis medialis. As many as nine of these twelve neurons were distributed in the marginal area of the VPM. DH in the right thalamus was also suppressed by the stimulation of the IC on either side, however, the suppressive effect was predominant with ipsilateral IC stimulation. These results are compatible with the clinical experience of relief of deafferented (deafferentation) pain by electrical stimulation of the IC or sensory thalamic nucleus (VPM, VPL). After detailed analysis and considerations, it was supposed that this experiment supports the postulated theory that not only deafferented pain but also afferent pain is relieved by the facilitation of the non-opiate pain inhibitory system including the IC and/or the sensory thalamic nucleus. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学温泉研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0369-7142 38 1969 温泉治療の血液pH，P(CO(2))並びにP(O(2))に及ぼす影響に関する研究 第l編. 測定機器及び測定条件の吟味 1 9 EN Takaaki Yahata /10.18926/40177 Human venous blood pH, P(CO(2)) and P(O(2)) were measured with I. L. Meter. Its reproducibility and response rate were evaluated as well as methods of the procedures. 1) Time required to reach the stability of pH, P(CO(2)), and P(O(2)) reading after the sampie injection was 1～1.5 min., 2～2.5 min. and 45～75 sec., respectively. It is recommended in the measurement of these parameters at the same time that the sample injection starts with P(CO(2)) electrode, followed by pH and P(O(2)) in this order and that readings are recorded in the order of pH, P(O(2)) and P(CO(2)). 2) Range of differences between the two values measured in the interval of 3～5 min. were pH : -0.010～0.020 (mean: 0.003), P(CO(2)) : -1.0～1.0mmHg (mean: 0.4) and P(O(2)) : -1.0～0.0mmHg (mean: -0.5). Their 5% rejection limits were 0.021≧x(o)≧-0.015, 2.0≧x(o)≧-1.2mmHg and 0.3≧x(o)≧-1.3mmHg, respectively. 3) The pH, P(CO(2)) and P(O(2)) of the heparinized venous blood stored in ice water showed no significant changes in 60 min. and they gave practically the same results as the measurement just after shedding. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Institute of Physics Acta Medica Okayama 0021-9606 123 9 2005 Formation of ice nanotube with hydrophobic guests inside carbon nanotube EN Hideki Tanaka Kenichiro Koga A composite ice nanotube inside a carbon nanotube has been explored by molecular dynamics and grandcanonical Monte Carlo simulations. It is made from an octagonal ice nanotube whose hollow space contains hydrophobic guest molecules such as neon, argon, and methane. It is shown that the attractive interaction of the guest molecules stabilizes the ice nanotube. The guest occupancy of the hollow space is calculated by the same method as applied to clathrate hydrates. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Institute of Physics Acta Medica Okayama 0021-9606 127 6 2007 Line and boundary tensions on approach to the wetting transition EN Kenichiro Koga B. Widom A mean-field density-functional model often used in the past in the study of line and boundary tensions at wetting and prewetting transitions is reanalyzed by extensive numerical calculations, approaching the wetting transition much more closely than had previously been possible. The results are what are now believed to be definitive for the model. They include strong numerical evidence for the presence of the logarithmic factors predicted by theory both in the mode of approach of the prewetting line to the triple-point line at the point of the first-order wetting transition and in the line tension itself on approach to that point. It is also demonstrated with convincing numerical precision that the boundary tension on the prewetting line and the line tension on the triple-point line have a common limiting value at the wetting transition, again as predicted by theory. As a by product of the calculations, in the model's symmetric three-phase state, far from wetting, it is found that certain properties of the model's line tension and densities are almost surely given by simple numbers arising from the symmetries, but proving that these are exact for the model remains a challenge to analytical theory. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Institute of Physics Acta Medica Okayama 122 10 2005 Phase diagram of water between hydrophobic surfaces EN Kenichiro Koga Hideki Tanaka Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that there are at least two classes of quasi-two-dimensional solid water into which liquid water confined between hydrophobic surfaces freezes spontaneously and whose hydrogen-bond networks are as fully connected as those of bulk ice. One of them is the monolayer ice and the other is the bilayer solid which takes either a crystalline or an amorphous form. Here we present the phase transformations among liquid, bilayer amorphous (or crystalline) ice, and monolayer ice phases at various thermodynamic conditions, then determine curves of melting, freezing, and solid-solid structural change on the isostress planes where temperature and intersurface distance are variable, and finally we propose a phase diagram of the confined water in the temperature-pressure-distance space. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2002 CMOS floating gate defect detection using I/sub DDQ/ test with DC power supply superposed by AC component 417 422 EN Hiroyuki Michinishi Tokumi Yokohira Takuji Okamoto Toshifumi Kobayashi Tsutomu Hondo <p>In this paper, we propose a new I/sub DDQ/ test method for detecting floating gate defects in CMOS ICs. In the method, an unusual increase of the supply current, caused by defects, is promoted by superposing an AC component on the DC power supply. The feasibility of the test is examined by some experiments on four DUTs with an intentionally caused defect. The results showed that our method could detect clearly all the defects, one of which may be detected by neither any functional logic test nor any conventional I/sub DDQ/ test.</p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2003 Improvement of detectability for CMOS floating gate defects in supply current test 406 409 EN Hiroyuki Michinishi Tokumi Yokohira Takuji Okamoto Toshifumi Kobayashi Tsutomu Hondo <p>We already proposed a supply current test method for detecting floating gate defects in CMOS ICs. In the method, increase of the supply current caused by defects is promoted by superposing a sinusoidal signal on the supply voltage. In this study, we propose one way to improve detectability of the method for the defects. They are detected by analyzing the frequency of supply current and judging whether secondary harmonics of the sinusoidal signal exist or not. Effectiveness of our way is confirmed by some experiments.</p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2006 A LECCS model parameter optimization algorithm for EMC designs of IC/LSI systems 304 307 EN Nobuo Funabiki Yohei Nomura Jun Kawashima Yuichiro Minamisawa Osami Wada <p>&lt;p&gt;In this paper, we propose a parameter optimization algorithm for EMC macro-modeling of IC/LSI power currents called the LECCS (linear equivalent circuit and current source) model. The unnecessary electro-magnetic wave from a digital electronics device may cause the electromagnetic interference (EMI) to other apparatus. Thus, its reduction has been regarded as one of the highest priority issues in digital electronics device designs. In order to accurately simulate high-frequency currents from power-supply sources that are the primary sources of EMI, the LECCS model has been proposed as a linear macromodel of a power-supply circuit. A LECCS model consists of multiple RLC-series circuits in parallel to represent the equivalent circuit between the voltage source and the ground. Given a set of measured impedances at various frequencies, our proposed algorithm first finds the number of RLC-series circuits corresponding to the number of valleys. Then, it searches optimal values of RLC parameters by a local search method. The effectiveness of our algorithm is verified through applications to a real system, where the accuracy and the required processing time by our algorithm are compared with the conventional method.&lt;/p&gt;</p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2006 A LECCS model parameter optimization algorithm for EMC designs of IC/LSI systems 304 307 EN Nobuo Funabiki Yohei Nomura Jun Kawashima Yuichiro Minamisawa Osami Wada <p>In this paper, we propose a parameter optimization algorithm for EMC macro-modeling of IC/LSI power currents called the LECCS (linear equivalent circuit and current source) model. The unnecessary electro-magnetic wave from a digital electronics device may cause the electromagnetic interference (EMI) to other apparatus. Thus, its reduction has been regarded as one of the highest priority issues in digital electronics device designs. In order to accurately simulate high-frequency currents from power-supply sources that are the primary sources of EMI, the LECCS model has been proposed as a linear macromodel of a power-supply circuit. A LECCS model consists of multiple RLC-series circuits in parallel to represent the equivalent circuit between the voltage source and the ground. Given a set of measured impedances at various frequencies, our proposed algorithm first finds the number of RLC-series circuits corresponding to the number of valleys. Then, it searches optimal values of RLC parameters by a local search method. The effectiveness of our algorithm is verified through applications to a real system, where the accuracy and the required processing time by our algorithm are compared with the conventional method.</p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Okayama University Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1566 50 1 2008 A New Class of Quasicyclic Complex Vector Functional Equations 1 61 EN Ice B. Risteski 10.18926/mjou/33136 <p>For the first time in the literature a quasicyclic complex vector functional equation is introduced in the present paper. By a matrix method the general quasicyclic complex vector functional equation is solved, as well as its particular case for n = 3. This case is completely solved in an explicit form, and for every step of the solution examples are provided. Using a simple spectral property of compound matrices, a necessary and sufficient condition for stability of the quasicyclic complex vector functional equation considered is proved.</p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2 2003 Development of image analysis for detection of defects of BGA by using X-ray images 1131 1136 EN Tetsuhiro Sumimoto Toshinori Maruyama Yoshiharu Azuma Sachiko Goto Munehiro Mondou Noboru Furukawa Saburo Okada <p>In the surface mount technology, Ball Grid Array (BGA) has been used in a production of PC boards, because of their excellent characters such as high density of the lead pin pitch, better lead rigidity and self-alignment during re-flow processing. This paper deals with the development of image analysis for the detection of defects at BGA solder joints in PC boards by using X-ray images. In the conventional IC boards, it is possible to detect defects of solder joints by visual inspection, because the lead of IC package is set on its outside. However, we can't detect visually defects at BGA solder joints, because they are hidden under the IC package. In a production line, the inspection of BGA in PC boards depends on the function test of electric circuits in the final process. To improve a cost performance and the reliability of PC boards, an inspection of BGA is required in the surface mount process. Types of defects at BGA solder joints are solder bridge, missing connection, solder voids, open connection and miss-registration of parts. As we can find mostly solder bridge in these defects, we pick up this to detect solder bridge in a production line. The problems of image analysis for the detection of defects at BGA solder joints are the detection accuracy and image processing time according to a line speed of production. To get design data for the development of the inspection system, which can be used easily in the surface mount process, it is important to develop image analysis techniques based on X-ray image data. At the first step of our study, we attempt to detect the characteristic of the solder bridges based on an image analysis. </p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 18 4 1964 Mitochondrial swelling induced by Ca2+ and inorganic phosphate and its related phenomena 189 205 EN Kozo Utsumi Article /10.18926/AMO/32453 <p>Some investigations have been done on the relationships between the swelling-shrinkage change, oxygen consumption and state of oxidation-reduction of pyridine nucleotides of mitochondria, and between the swelling-shrinkage change of mitochondrial structure by Ca2+ and accumlation of Ca45 in rat liver mitochondria. A parallel relationship is observed between the Ca2+ induced swelling and Ca2+ accumulation. Both of them require Pi but not Mg2+, ATP and exogenous respiratory substrates and are inhibited by respiratory inhihitors or uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation but not by the inhibitors of phosphorylating respiration. In this case the Ca2+ is transported with the phosphate even in ice cold. Even in the presence of antimycin A, moreover, Pi-dependent Ca2+ accumulation and Ca2+ induced swelling can be overcome by addition of ATP, which are inhibited by oligomycin. In the presence of Pi, mitochondria show shrinkage by addition of Ca2+ before the high amplitude swelling, which is closely correlated to the electron ransport chain and phosphorylation process of mitochondria, and the pattern of the mitochondrial shrinkage is quite similar to that observed in the case of respiratory control by ADP in intact mitochondria. This shrinkage of mitochondria is inhibited by respiratory inhibitor or uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation but not by the inhibitor of phosphorylating respiration. From these data, therefore, it is considerd that the Ca2+ accumulation and Ca2+ induced shrinkage-swelling of mitochondria require the energy of oxidative phosphorylation with respect to the initial step before the oligomycin block.</p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 58 1 2004 Usefulness of body surface mapping to differentiate patients with Brugada syndrome from patients with asymptomatic Brugada syndrome. 29 35 EN Kenichi Hisamatsu Kengo Fukushima Kusano Hiroshi Morita Shiho Takenaka Satoshi Nagase Kazufumi Nakamura Tetsuro Emori Hiromi Matsubara Tohru Ohe Article /10.18926/AMO/32121 <p>We attempted to determine the usefulness of body surface mapping (BSM) for differentiating patients with Brugada syndrome (BS) from patients with asymptomatic Brugada syndrome (ABS). Electrocardiograms (ECG) and BSM were recorded in 7 patients with BS and 35 patients with ABS. Following the administration of Ic antiarrhythmic drugs, BSM was recorded in 5 patients with BS and 16 patients with ABS. The maximum amplitudes at J0, J20, J40 and J60 were compared between the 2 groups, as were 3-dimensional maps. The maximum amplitudes at J0, J20 and J60 under control conditions were larger in patients with BS than in patients with ABS (P < 0.05). A three-dimensional map of the ST segments under control conditions in patients with BS showed a higher peak of ST elevation in the median precordium compared to that for patients with ABS. Increases in ST elevation at J20, J40 and J60 following drug administration were greater in patients with BS than in patients with ABS (P < 0.05). Evaluation of the change in amplitude of the ST segment at E5 caused by Ic drug administration was also useful for differentiating between the 2 groups. In conclusion, BSM was useful for differentiating patients with BS from those with ABS.</p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 47 2 1993 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Japan. 95 102 EN Hiroshi Sumii Hajime Inoue Article /10.18926/AMO/31577 <p>Epiphyseal growth cartilage of the femoral head obtained from Wistar rats was investigated after fixation by a rapid-freezing and freeze-substitution. Liquid helium was used in order to achieve a fast cooling rate without ice-crystal damage during the rapid freezing. Use of the rapid-freezing and freeze-substitution procedure provided better ultrastructural preservation of the chondrocyte than conventional chemical fixation methods. This procedure allowed a more reliable approach to electron probe analysis. X-ray microanalysis of the specimens confirmed that calcium is not detected in the initial matrix vesicles as a result of the freezing process. The results suggest that calcium release from precipitates occurs in the free state without any detectable formation of hydroxyapatite at the initial stage of calcification and that calcium is not tightly bound to the matrix vesicles.</p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 36 2 1982 Immunological properties of erythrocyte catalase in Japanese type acatalasemia. 95 98 EN Masana Ogata Junko Mizugaki Article /10.18926/AMO/30677 <p>The reaction between acatalasemia hemolysate and anti-normal erythrocyte catalase IgG gave a precipitin line which was interrupted by a normal precipitin line, in the double immunodiffusion method. Hypocatalasemia hemolysate revealed two precipitin lines, one completely, the other partially, fused with a normal precipitin line. No immunological reactions between fresh hemolysates of acatalasemia, hypocatalasemia and normal erythrocytes and antihuman C-reactive protein serum were observed, but the lysates stored for 4 weeks in an ice cold water bath reacted slightly with this antiserum.</p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 1 2003 High-speed simulation of PCB emission and immunity with frequency-domain IC/LSI source models 4 9 EN Osami Wada Zhi Liang Wang Tetsushi Watanabe Yukihiro Fukumoto Osamu Shibata Eiji Takahashi Hideki Osaka Shigeki Matsunaga Ryuji Koga <p>Some recent results from research conducted in the EMC group at Okayama University are reviewed. A scheme for power-bus modeling with an analytical method is introduced. A linear macro-model for ICs/LSIs, called the LECCS model, has been developed for EMI and EMS simulation. This model has a very simple structure and is sufficiently accurate. Combining the LECCS model with analytical simulation techniques for power-bus resonance simulation provides a method for high-speed EMI simulation and decoupling evaluation related to PCB and LSI design. A useful explanation of the common-mode excitation mechanism, which utilizes the imbalance factor of a transmission line, is also presented. Some of the results were investigated by implementing prototypes of a high-speed EMI simulator, HISES. </p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 1 2005 Dynamic salting route optimisation using evolutionary computation 158 165 EN Hisashi Handa Lee Chapman Xin Yao <p>On marginal winter nights, highway authorities face a difficult decision as to whether or not to salt the road network. The consequences of making a wrong decision are serious, as an untreated network is a major hazard. However, if salt is spread when it is not actually required, there are unnecessary financial and environmental consequences. In this paper, a new salting route optimisation system is proposed which combines evolutionary computation (EC) with the next generation road weather information systems (XRWIS). XRWIS is a new high resolution forecast system which predicts road surface temperature and condition across the road network over a 24 hour period. ECs are used to optimise a series of salting routes for winter gritting by considering XRWIS temperature data along with treatment vehicle and road network constraints. This synergy realises daily dynamic routing and it will yield considerable benefits for areas with a marginal ice problem.</p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2010 Study on structure and thermodynamic stability of water, aqueous solution, and ice EN Hakim Lukman No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2010 Development and Application of IC Macro-models for EMI/PI/SI Performances EN Norimasa Oka No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

日本分析化学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0525-1931 36 8 1987 吸光光度検出イオンクロマトグラフィーによる河川水中の総炭酸の定量 503 507 EN Takashi Hironaka Mitsuko Oshima Shoji Motomizu 吸光光度検出器を用いたイオンクロマトグラフィーによる,河川水中の総炭酸(炭酸,炭酸水素イオン及び炭酸イオンの合量)の定量法が検討された.吸収を示す溶離イオンとしては,トリメリット酸イオン(1,2,4-ベンゼントリカルボン酸イオン)を用い,陰イオン交換カラム(TSK gel IC-Anion-PW, 4.6mm i.d.×50mm)を用いた.試料中のカルシウム,マグネシウムイオンは,溶離イオンのカルボン酸イオンと反応し,総炭酸の定量に影響を与える.この妨害は,Na型に変えたイオン交換型試料前処理カートリッジカラム(Toyopak IC-SPM)に試料を通すことにより完全に除くことができた.試料中の陰イオンにより,追い出されてきたトリメリテートイオンの吸収は炭酸水素イオンのピークに影響を与え,負の誤差を生じる.この誤差は,試料中に共存する陰イオンのピークの面積の和を用いることにより補正可能であることが分かった.河川水中の総炭酸の定量を行ったところ,FIAにより得られた値と良く一致した. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

日本分析化学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0525-1931 36 2 1987 間接吸光検出イオンクロマトグラフィーによる河川水中の塩化物イオン,硫酸イオン及び硝酸イオン定量のためのベンゼンカルボン酸誘導体の分離能の比較 77 81 EN Shoji Motomizu Ikuo Sawatani Takashi Hironaka Mitsuko Oshima Kyoji Toei 吸光光度検出器を用いたイオンクロマトグラフィーによる河川水中の塩化物イオン,硫酸イオン及び硝酸イオンの分析を目的とし本研究を行った.溶離イオンとして,2価,3価及び4価のベンゼンカルボン酸誘導体を比較した.河川水に含まれる程度の塩化物,硫酸,硝酸イオンの定量のためにはトリメリテートイオン(1,2,4-ベンゼントリカルボン酸イオン)が有用であることが分かった.陰イオン交換カラム(TSK gel IC-Anion-PW,4.6mmi.d×50mm)を用いることにより,塩化物,硫酸,硝酸イオンを約4分で分離定量できた.検量線は塩化物イオン(0.8~10)×10(-4)M,硫酸イオン(4.4~4)×10(-4)M,硝酸イオン(0.1~20)×10(-4)Mの範囲で良好な直線となった.普通河川水中に存在する程度のイオソは定量を妨害しない.再現性は各イオンとも相対標準偏差で1.5%以内であった.検出限界は塩化物イオン0.1ppm,硫酸イオソ0.2ppm,硝酸イオン0.1ppmであった.実際試料(河川水,水道水)に応用し,満足のいく結果を得た. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 11 1958 酵素作用におよぼす温度の影響について 4225 4244 EN Mizuho Kanda In order to experiment the effects of low and high temperature upon the enzyme activity, the author used papayotin and taka-diastase and he came to the following conclusions: 1) In refregirathing experiment in 0℃, -18℃, -48℃ and -52℃, optimum pH in the activity of papayotin and taka-diastase is found 4.6~5.0. 2) The activity of papayotin and taka-diastase is not reduced even when the enzyme is iced in 0℃ for ten days. 3) After refregirating just papayotin powder in -18℃ and working it on gelatin solution, the enzyme activity increases; and on the contrary, after refregirating gelatin solution in -18℃ and working it on the papayotin powder, the enzyme activity decreases; and lastly, it is found out that the influence of refregirating on the enzyme activity is stronger when refregirated in -18℃ for two hours han only thirty minutes in the same degree of temperature. In the experiment used taka-diastase, when either just enzyme powder, or starch solution, or mixed solution of enzyme powder and buffer solution or of enzyme powder, starch solution and buffer solution are iced in -18℃ the enzyme activity has tendency to increase a little. In case of refregirating just starch solution, the increase of taka-diastase is seen very clearly; and two hours' refregirating in -18℃ is much stronger in activity of increase than of thirty minutes. 4) In the experiment in -48℃, papayotin iced for thirty minutes and worked upon gelatin solution shows a little increase in its activity; but in the case when just gelatin solution is iced, it is not clear of any influence of refregirating. In the same experiment, when either or taka-diastase or starch solution or mixed solution of these two is iced in -48℃, the activity of taka-diastase begins to increase a little and stronger increase is found always in just starch solution which is iced for two hours rather than thirty minutes. 5) In the experiment is -52℃, just papayotin is iced and its activity with a little increase is more clealy shown in thirty minutes' refregirating rather than that of one or two hours. Either just starch solution or mixed solution of taka-diastase and starch solution is iced, the influence of refregirating on the activity of papayotin is not clear. In the experiment used take-diastase, its activity increases when just starch solution is iced, and on the other hand, the influence of refregirating upon the activity is not clear when either of taka-diastase or mixed solution of taka-diastase and starch solution is iced. 6) In short, it is found out that the papayotin in the decomposition of gelatin increases when the papayotin powder is iced; and taka-diastase in the decomposition of starch increases when the starch solution is iced: the former is the increase of papayotin based on the disaggregation of colloidal granule (F, Nord) and the latter is that the activity of taka-diastase could be made easier by refregirating starch solution and making granule into smaller pieces. 7) In heating take-diastase solution in 70℃ for thirty minutes, the influence of heat upon the activity of taka-diastase is not shown; but the slight decrease of activity would be seen in case of heating in 80℃ for thirty minutes. 8) In heating taka-diastase solution in 100℃ for thirty minutes, the activity is gone completely which will never come back even when taka-diastase is iced in -18℃. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 11 1958 人為低体温麻酔及び薬物冬眠麻酔下における生体主要臓器の組織学的研究 第1編 人為低体温麻酔及び薬物冬眠麻酔下並びにCortisone,ACTH投与下における副腎皮質の組織化学的研究 3931 3950 EN Shigeru Takagi Histochemical studies of adrenal cortex of male rats under various hypothermic conditions: ice-water immersion with or without administration of Thiopental Sodium or Phenothiazine-derivatives, rewarming, surgical stress and Cortisone & ACTH administration were performed according to Dempsey's method. 1) Differences in individual were minimum and the respiration, circulation and the course of body temperature reduction were much stable under pharmacological hibernation. 2) Ketosteroids in fasciculata and reticularis zones of adrenal cortex were markedly depleted by cold application, but using anesthetics, especially on pharmadological hibernation, depletion of KS was less. 3) Hypothermia and pharmacological hibernation lessened the changes in adrenal cortex by operativ measures (partial resection of liver) under cooling. 4) Some circulatory and parenchimatous changes by cooling and rewarming were observed histologically in the adrenal cortex. Hemorrhagic changes were seen in the adrenal cortex after cooling to 20,5℃ of body temperature, but were less marked after administration of Phenothiazine-derivatives. 5) Cortisone or ACTH had some protective effects against reduction of weight and histlogical changes of adrenal cortex by cooling. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学文学部 Acta Medica Okayama 11 2008 第4章　歴史学研究の一分析要因として「気候」を取り込むことは可能か？ ―ヨーロッパ近世＜小氷期Little Ice Age＞の場合― 31 55 EN Riyouichi Nagata No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 7 1958 低血圧, 低体温麻酔の脳波及び脳浮腫に及ぼす影響に関する実験的研究 第2編 低体温麻酔の脳波及び脳浮腫に及ぼす影響について 2341 2354 EN Susumu Namba It is known that the hypothermic anesthesia with autonomic nerve blocking agents causes not only less bleeding, but also prevents shock or brain edema which is often seen in craniotomy. The author studied these effects of potentiated narkosis or hypothermia from the view point of electroencephalogram and brain water content. With intraperitoneal injection of 10% Dial solution for premedication in all cases and with chlorpromazine as the blocking agent, dogs were anesthetized by intratracheal intubation with ether, and were cooled by ice bags until the rectal temperature became about 34°~32℃. And the following results were obtained. In the group of potentiated narkosis with Dial and chlorpromazine, the decrease of delta index was seen and the brain water contents showed no change compared with the contrast group. In the group of hypothermia with chlorpromazine, the decrease of delta index was seen and the brain water content showed no change. In the group of hypothermic anesthesia with chlorpromazine and ether, the result was the same as the former group. By this study it was explained that these effects are not only due to less dose of anesthetic agents in combination with autonomic nerve blocking agents, but also to the rare occurrence of the cerebral anoxia, and that the hypothermia is effective to prevent brain edema in craniotomy. It is also considered that the oxygen inhalation during and after the operation may preveit the so-called brain swelling. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 71 1 1959 保存血輸血と電解質代謝 第1編 血清電解質の変動について 169 189 EN Kazuo Sudo In the experiment of massive transfusion of compatible preserved blood on dogs, Na-, Cl-, K-, total Ca and Ca-ion-concentration were determined, and electrocardiograms were taken of each case as reference simultaneously. These electrolytes were also determined on patients needed massive transfusion during surgery, and Na- and K-concentration in plasma of preserved blood were traced day by day. Results obtained are as follows: 1) In the blood stored in ice box of 2° to 5℃ of temperature the serum potassium was increased, on the contrary lowered the serum sodium. 2) On massive transfusion of preserved blood, concentration of serum electrolytes of recipients showed minimum fluctuation. 3) The fluctuation of electrolytes was not significantly related to the transfusion rate, nor the preservation period of blood transfused. 4) Serum calcium-ion level was determined on the patients showed hemorrhagic tendency during surgery, but no noticeable correlation was observed. 5) The electrocardiograms showed no significant findings. 6) In the control experiment of fresh blood transfusion, the serum electrolytes did not show marked changes. From the results obtained above, it is concluded that massive transfusion of preserved blood is not dangerous in a sense of serum electrolyte level, although it is preferable to transfuse fresh blood in the following cases; cases in the conditions which will cause hyperpotassemia, infant, cases under hypothermia and impaired calcium metabolism, or cases with circulatory disturbances. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 71 1 1959 Thiazolocyanin系感光色素Platoninの血液酸素消費におよぼす作用に関する実験的研究 125 135 EN Naruo Hamada The author, in view of the interesting influence of Photosensitizing dye, Platonin (thiazolocyanine) upon blood disk made an experiment also on O(2) uptake of the blood in vitro and in vivo, and obtained results as follows: 1) There were about 9.0 ul O(2) uptake during one hour of 1.0 ml defibrinated blood of normal rabbit. 2) The addition of Platonin to the normal rabbit's blood in vitro serves to decrease O(2) uptake and has proved that preservable time is prolonged in ice box. 3) Putting CO gas into normal rabbit's blood in vitro has proved to increase O(2) uptake and to reduce the preservable time in ice box. 4) Putting CO gas into the rabbit's blood in vitro which previously administrated Platonin has scarcely influenced Platonin upon O(2) uptake of blood. 5) On the contrary, the addition of Platonin to the blood in vitro which put CO gas into blood beforehand, has also shown no effect from Platonin upon O(2) uptake. 6) The injection of CO gas to normal rabbit has shown quickening in O(2) uptake of blood, and the longer the time of gas injection is, the greater the degree of quickening of O(2) uptake is. 7) The administration of Platonin to the normal rabbit has proved to decrease O(2) uptake, especially in the administration of pro kg 10γ and 25γ than 5γ and 50γ. 8) After the administration of Platonin to normal rabbits, the injection of CO gas has proved the marked decrease of O(2) uptake of the blood. 9) After the injecting CO gas to normal rabbits, the administration of Platonin has scarcely shown effect of O(2) uptake of the blood. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 4 1958 脳の窒素代謝 第5編 正常マウス並にラッテ脳髄アンモニア量について 1099 1102 EN Saburo Kawata In the determination of contents of ammonia and glutamine in the brains of normal rats and mice by Conway's method of micro-diffusion analysis, the author obtained the following results. 1) In the case of the normal mouse brain frozen and fixed in liquid nitrogen, the brain ammonia was 0.57 mg.%. 2) In the case of the normal rat brain extracted by opening the skull and frozen with dry ice acetone, the brain ammonia was 0.62 mg.%, while the brain glutamine was 80.3 mg.%. 3) In the case of normal rat decapitated and frozen in liquid nitrogen, the brain ammonia was 1.80 mg.%, showing a quite high value. 4) In the the case where the rat, which had been exhaused by making it swim in water, and frozen in liquid nitrogen, the brain ammonia was 0.91 mg.%, showing no increase over that of the control No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 79 1-2 1967 人脳組織の水解酵素および脱水素酵素の組織化学的研究 第2編 脳腫瘍組織について 51 70 EN Masato Nakamura A histochemical study on alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, β-esterase, β-glucuronidase, lactic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, isocitric dehydrogenase, glutamic dehydrogenase, α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and β-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase has been carried out to clarify the relationship between the clinical feature and the enzyme activities of brain tumors. The materials used in this study were human brain tumors removed from 140 patients in our department from June 1962 to April, 1966. Two-thirds of these specimens were kept at 20℃. immediately after the removal, the rests were quickly frozen by ice aceton mixture, and serially cut at 20μ thick in a -20℃. cryostat, then the sections were incubated in each histochemical reaction mixture. For the histochemical demonstration of hydrolytic enzymes, azo-coupling method was employed, and for the oxidative enzymes, the method described by Pearse was employed. The following results were obtained; 1) In gliomas the cells of astrocytoma grade 1 showed a marked reaction of alkaline phosphatase activity, but decreased in poorly differentiated gliomas. 2) In too-thirds of the cases with gliomas, the longer the duration of clinical symptoms and singns, the more benign were the histological pictures and the stronger in alkaline phosphatase activity. 3) Other enzymes activities in gliomas showed not any specific reaction with the tumors and the prognosis. 4) Alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase and acid phosphatase activities are remarkable in fibroblastic meningioma, moderate or feeble in meningocytic meningioma, and negative in malignant meningioma. Other enzyme activities in meningiomas showed no specific features. 5) Acoustic neurinomas show moderate or lower activities of hydrolytic and oxydative enzymes, and there is no characteristic feature on histochemistry. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 85 3-4 1973 Differential Hypothermia下における脳血管透過性亢進に関する研究 103 113 EN Ken Suga Though many laboratory and clinical trials of tumor heating or cooling have been made for the treatment of intracranial tumors, the effects have been reported to be incomplete and unsatisfactory in most of the cases. In 1965, Popovic et al. reported that differential hypothermia, to keep an experimental tumor normothermic under general body hypothermia, showed more marked effect on the tumor in experimental animals. In the present study, the author investigated the uptake of intravenously administered RISA and sodium fluorescein to the brain tissues of mongrel dogs, in which cold induced lesions were made by a stick of dry ice bilaterally on the cerebral cortices. RISA was administered to those dogs intravenously 3 to 4 hours after making the lesions, while sodium fluorescein 30 to 40 minutes prior to the end of the D.H. treatment, respectively. Under total hypothermia (rectal temperature: 21-23℃), the D.H. treatment was performed for 5 hours. It was found that the uptake of RISA through the cerebral blood vessels was increased in and around the cortical lesions. This change was observed only during the D.H. treatment, and disappeared after the body temperature returned to the normal level. In the observation of sodium fluorescein at the tissue level increased permeabiliity of blood vessels was also observed. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 92 1-2 1980 聴覚性視蓋視床投射に関する実験解剖学的研究 137 152 EN Masaomi Yamawaki The present study has been undertaken to clarify the ascending projections of the inferior colliculus (IC) to the posterior thalamus, particularly the medical geniculate body (MGB), using the Nauta-Gygax and Fink-Heimer methods. The ventrolateral part of the central nucleus of IC projects mainly to the laminated ventral principal part and the lateral portion of the magnocelluar part of MGB. The projections to the laminated ventral principal part are topically organized mediolaterally, i.e., the medial laminae of the central nucleus of IC project to the medial laminae of the ventral principal part of MGB, whereas the more lateral laminae of the central nucleus send fibers to the more lateral laminae of the ventral principal part of MGB. The projections of the central nucleus of IC to the laminated ventral principal part of MGB also appear to be organized anteroposteriorly and dorsoventrally. The dorsomedial part of the central nucleus of IC projects to the ventromedial portion of the ventral principal part, the magnocellular part, and the ventral portion of the dorsal principal part of MGB. The external nucleus of IC is situated lateral to the central nucleus and extends anteriorly to form the anterior extremity of IC. It projects to the magnocellular and ventral principal parts and to the ventral portion of the dorsal principal part of MGB, including the deep dorsal nucleus of Morest (1964). In addition, it sends fibers to the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (stratum griseum intermediale and profundum) and to the anterior pretectal and suprageniculate nuclei. The inferior colliculus projects to the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus and the interstitial nucleus of the inferior brachium and to the central gray of the midbrain. Each part of IC is connected with other parts by intrinsic fibers. IC sends fibers to the dorsal part of the contralateral inferior colliculus, particularly the dorsomedial part of the central nucleus, through the commissure of the inferior colliculus. Only a few fibers pass by way of the inferior brachium to MGB on the contralateral side. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 95 11-12 1983 全身性エリテマトーデス及びマウスの網内系機能に関する研究 第二編 全身性エリトマトーデスの網内系機能(脾Fc受容体機能)低下に関する研究 1329 1340 EN Hayashi Miyake The function of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) is important for deposition of circulating immune complexes (IC) in tissue. However, little is known about how IC located in tissues in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Splenic Fc-Receptor function (SFcF) was studied in 29 patients with SLE using IgG coated (51)Cr labelled autologous erythrocytes, and was compared with immunological abnormalities in sera and kidney. Impairment of SFcF was found in 21 of the patients (72.4%). There was a close inverse correlation between SFcF and CH50 (p<0.05). Patients with impaired SFcF tended to have a high level of circulating IC, but this was not statistically significant (p>0.05). A marked decrease in SFcF was found in patients with mesangial lupus nephritis and those with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. Patients with membranous lupus nephritis showed a mild SFcF abnormality. Decreased SFcF was reversible by steroid and/or plasma exchange (PE) therapy. Decreased SFcF could be improved after PE therapy alone. It was suggested that an abnormality in SFcF might force the progress of the diesase in patients with SLE. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 95 7-8 1983 モルモット腹腔細胞のFc receptorを利用した血清中免疫複合体の定量 第2編 全身性エリテマトーデス,慢性関節リウマチ,及び甲状腺疾患患者血清中の免疫複合体の定量 665 676 EN Yoshihito Saito Circulating immune complexes have been detected in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE), rheumatoid arthritis(RA), Graves' disease and Hashimoto's disease by a newly established method using guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells. This method discriminated 75.0% of the SLE, 72.4% of the RA, 50.0% of the Graves' disease and 40.0% of the Hashimoto's disease patients from normal controls. IC levels correlated significantly with CH50, slightly with anti DNA antibody, but with neither the ANF staining pattern nor the degree of renal damage assessed by FAT findings in SLE patients. No correlation was observed between disease activity and IC levels in patients with RA. Elevated levels of IC were detected in some patients with thyroid disease by this method, but not by the Clq solid phase enzyme immunoassay. Serum fractionation with a Sepharose 6B column revealed that the molecular weight of the substance which this method can detect is larger than 19S. This method is not interfered with by γ-globulin nor the rheumatoid factor in serum. This is a simple, sensitive and the only practical method among the methods using Fc receptors. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 95 7-8 1983 モルモット腹腔細胞のFc receptorを利用した血清中免疫複合体の定量 第1編 免疫複合体測定方法の確立 653 663 EN Yoshihito Saito A new method for detecting circulating IgG immune complexes (IC) using guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) has been established. Binding of (125)I BSA-anti BSA IgG IC to PEC was inhibited by serum containing IC in a dose dependent fashion. A 100μl aliquot of PEC suspension (2.5X10(6) cells/ml) was preincubated with diluted five fold serum for 60 minutes at 4℃. After washing pretreated PEC 3 times, 100μl of (125)I labelled 3 times antigen excess-IC was added and incubated for 90 minutes at 4℃. At the end of incubation, the suspension was centrifuged at 10,000G for 1 minute, and the radioactivity of the pellet was measured. This method mainly utilizes the reaction between Fc receptors on PEC and the Fc portion of the complexed IgG. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 95 5-6 1983 ループス腎炎の免疫学的研究 第2編 ―Raji cell radioimmuno assayによる血中免疫複合体と腎組織における顆粒状沈着物の関連について― 545 553 EN Makoto Kinashi Using the Raji cell radioimmunoassay of Theofilopoulos et al, soluble immune complex (IC) in sera from 26 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was measured. The distribution and amount of renal immune deposits were examined. According to the distribution of glomerular immune deposits, patients were divided into four groups. There were 3 patients with the focal segmental mesangial pattern, 8 with the diffuse global mesangial pattern, 11 with the granular pattern and 4 with the membranous pattern. In 2 of the 3 patients with the focal segmental mesangial pattern, serum IC levels were only slightly elevated and mesangial immune deposits were very light. In 7 of the 8 patients with the diffuse global mesangial pattern, serum IC levels were markedly elevated with large amount of mesangial glomerular immune deposits in spite of minimal urinary finding. In patients with this pattern, wide deviation of serum IC levels was observed. In 7 of the 11 patients with the granular pattern, marked elevation of serum IC levels was observed. Three patients with sclerotic glomerurlar changes had relatively low serum IC levels. In 3 of the 4 patients with the membranous pattern, serum IC levels were low. Of the 26 patients of this study, 12 having renal interstitial deposits had higher serum IC levels than 14 patients without renal interstitial immune deposition. This difference was statistically significant. There were no relationships between the serum IC levels and the grade of hematuria or proteinuria. The data suggests that the serum IC levels measured by the Raji cell radioimmunoassay may give us some information about the degree of renal immune deposition and become a useful index of lupus nephritis. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 95 3-4 1983 急性頭蓋内圧亢進時における脳幹部の血流変化に関する基礎的研究 369 385 EN Norio Sunami This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of supratentorial mass lesions on the local cerebral blood flow (1-CBF) of the brain-stem with special reference to the following three points: the level of the intracranial pressure (ICP) at which the 1-CBF of the brain-stem begins to decrease, alterations in the 1-CBF of the upper brain-stem at the beginning of uncal herniation, and alterations in the 1-CBF of the medulla oblongata during the Cushing's vasopressor response. Platinum electrodes were placed stereotaxically in the thalamus (Th), inferior colliculus (IC) and medulla oblongata (MO) of 40 cats for measurement of 1-CBF by the hydrogen clearance method. The 1-CBF of the brain-stem was serially measured before and after intermittent increases in ICP produced by the inflation of an extradural balloon. Arterial blood pressure, supra- and infratentorial extradural pressure were continuously recorded. The mean control 1-CBF in the Th, IC and MO were 37.5±9.9, 42.1±8.6 and 30.7±4.9 ml/100g/min, respectively. At 20 to 30 mmHg of supratentorial pressure (STP), the 1-CBF of the Th started to decrease, and at 20 to 30 mmHg of infratentorial pressure (ITP), the 1-CBF of the IC started to decrease. Finally at 40 to 60 mmHg of ITP, the 1-CBF of the MO was affected. At the beginning of uncal herniation, indicated by anisocoria, the mean 1-CBF of the IC abruptly decreased from 33.7 to 19.6 ml/100g/min (n=16). In this stage, the pressure gradient between the supra- and infratentorial spaces was 24.6±11.4 mmHg. The Cushing's vasopressor response was evoked at the STP of 93.4±14.6 mmHg and ITP of 49.9±6.8 mmHg (n=16). The blood pressure significantly increased from 121.5 to 140.0 mmHg, however, immediately before and during vasopressor response, there was only a slight, 0.6 mmHg change in the mean cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) of the posterior fossa. The 1-CBF of the MO also did not show a significant change. The data suggest that in supratentorial mass lesions, the 1-CBF of the thalamus decreases first, followed by the 1-CBF of the inferior colliculus, and then the medulla oblongata, in that order. At the beginning of uncal herniation, the 1-CBF of the upper brain-stem markedly decreased. During the Cushing's vasopressor response, the 1-CBF of the MO did not change significantly. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 96 1-2 1984 全身性エリテマトーデスにおける補体による免疫複合体の可溶化能に関する研究 ―peroxidaseを抗原に利用して― 第1編 可溶化能測定法の基礎的考察 61 67 EN Yasushi Aibara A simplified method of measuring the complex-release activity (CRA) of complement using peroxidase (PO) as an antigen in the immune complex was studied. PO-anti PO rabbit IgG immune complex (PO-IC) was solubilized principally via the alternative pathway in the sera. When substrates, H(2)O(2) and 5-aminosalicylic acid, were added to solubilized PO-IC, absorbance of the mixture at O.D. 450nm increased with the amount of complement in a dose-dependent manner. The CRA of the complement in the sera was shown by the absorbance of the mixture. The CRA in various sera correlated with CH50. The CRA via the alternative pathway (ACRA) in sera also correlated with CRA, CH50 and ACH50.The above results indicate that this method of measuring the complex-release activity of complement using peroxidase as an antigen is simple and useful. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 100 3-4 1988 急性頭蓋内圧亢進時における脳幹の局所脳血流と電気生理学的活性の変化に関する基礎的研究 251 263 EN Masakazu Suga The effects of an expanding supratentorial mass on the neural function and local cerebral blood flow (1-CBF) in the brain stem were investigated. A balloon was into the supratentorial epidural space of 32 cats and inflated at a constant rate (0.0197ml/minute). The auditory brain-stem response (BER) and the short-latency somatosensory evoked response (S-SER) were employed to evaluate the electrical conduction through the auditory and lemniscal pathway, respectively. The blink reflex was also monitored to investigate the neural function of the brain-stem reticular formation. The 1-CBF was measured in the inferior colliculus (IC), medial lemniscus (ML), pontine reticular formation (PRF) and reticular formation of the medulla oblongata (MORF) by the hydrogen clearance method. While the ICP was raised to 40-60mmHg, the values of IC-and PRF-CBF markedly decreased as compared with those of ML- and MORF-CBF. Blink reflex R(2) disappeared at 40-70mmHg ICP, prior to the disappearance of BER wave V, S-SER II components, and blink reflex R(1). At the stage of appearance of anisocoria, the BER wave V disappeared in all cats while the S-SER components were preserved in 4 of 18 cats. When both BER wave V and S-SER II components disappeared, 1-CBFs in IC and ML decreased to less than 50% of the control. The balloon was deflated within 15 minutes after anisocoria occurred. One hour after the deflation, blink reflex R(2) remained absent in all cases. S-SER II components and BER wave V recovered in 10 of 14 cats and 4 of 18 cats, respectively. The 1-CBF of the brain-stem improved in the majority of the cats in which the neural function of the corresponding region recovered. These results suggest that the circulation and the neural function of PRF and IC are more vulnerable to intracranial hypertension than those of ML, and an hardly restored by decompression after the evidence of tentorial herniation. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 100 3-4 1988 Adenovirusl2型誘発腫瘍におよぼす区別低体温（differential hypothermia）処置の影響 ―酵素組織化学的研究― 205 222 EN Minoru Arimori Differential hypothermia (D. H.) for the treatment of brain tumor, a method in which the tumor is kept normothermic while the body is kept hypothermic (Popovic et al., 1965) was examined. In order to clarify the effect of D. H. on tumor metabolism, histological and histochemical examinations were performed on adenovirus type 12 induced tumors transplanted into the cheek pouches of 50 Syrian golden hamsters. The animals were anesthsized with 5% pentobarbital sodium given intraperitoneally. The tumors were immersed in a warm water bath to keep the tumor temperature at 37℃ while the total body was kept hypothermic (12℃) by placing it in ice water for 10 hours. Tumor growth was examined in 20 animals. Fifty percent of the tumors disappeared completely with no regrowth within 1 month after D. H., and 35% showed marked regression. However 15% showed no regression.Histological and histochemical examinations performed on 30 animals disclosed degenerative changes of the tumors treated with D. H., such as enlarged lumen of blood vessels and edema around tumor cells immediately after the treatment. Pyknoses and karyorrhexes became obvious 24 hours after the treatment. Histochemical examinations were performed immediately, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours after D. H. Three hydrolytic enzymes [alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP), Burstone's method, and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) Wackstein-Meisel's method] and 8 glycolytic enzymes [lactate dehydrogenase (LHD), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PHD) and β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (β-HDH), Mori's method, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), Nachlas's method, cytochrome oxidase (CYO), Burston's method, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), Barka-Anderson's method, and monoamine oxidase (MAO), Glenner, Burster and Brown's method] were examined.Enzymatic activities of LDH and MDH obviously decreased in the tumor cells immediately after D. H. and also slightly but significantly thereafter. On the other hand, the activities of β-HDH, SDH, CYO, GDH and MAO obviously increased in the tumor cells up to 12 hours after D. H. These results indicate that acceleration of fatty acid and amino acid metabolism and aberrant glycolysis occurs. These metabolic changes are suggestive of degenerative changes of tumor cells following D. H. ALP, ACP, ATPase and G-6-PDH showed no activity in the tumor cells before or after D. H. In the tumor stromas, the activities of ALP and ACP increased immediately and over 24 hours after D. H. The activity of ATPase was confined only to the endothelium of blood vessels and decreased up to 48 hours after D. H. These changes in ALP, ACP and ATPase activity in the tumor stromas suggest metabolic disturbances and increased permeability of the blood vessel walls following D. H. The other enzymes showed no remarkable changes in the tumor stromas after D. H. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学工学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0475-0071 13 1979 Effects of the Fluctuation of Solute Concentration in Al-Zn Alloys on the Aging at Low Temperatures; II. Electron Microscopy and Measurements of SAXS Intensity 119 132 EN Mutsuo Ohta Masuo Yamada Teruto Kanadani Akira Sakakibara 10.18926/15712 The effects of the fluctuation of solute concentration on the process of aging in Al-10wt % Zn alloy were studied by measurements of the intensity of small-angle X-ray scattering and by electron microscopy. Specimen was quenched from a higher temperature(T(Ql), mainly 300℃) to an intermediate temperature (T(Q2), 110~230℃), held there for a time, quenched again into iced water and aged isothermally at 0℃ or 40℃. Results obtained are as follows: (1) When the specimen was held at T(Q2) for a sufficient time and aged at relatively high temperatue(e.g. Ihr at 125℃ and aged at 40℃), a two-step increasing of both resistivity and integrated intensity was found. (2) Each of the steps has characteristics of the formation of G.P. zones by the spinodal decomposition. (3) When the maximum resistivity(p(max)) takes a minimum, Size distribution of the G.P. zones, estimated from the difference between Guinier and Porod radii, is much broader than that at p(max) in the usual direct quenching. (4) When the holding time at T(Q2) is long enough, the size distribution at p(max) is as broad as that at p(max) in the usual case. (5) After a prolonged aging under the condition that P(max) takes minimum, G.P. zones grow markedly and become oblate ellipsoidal with a major axis of about 20nm. (6) These results are consistently understood in terms of the fluctuation of solute concentration at T(Q2) and the change in the concentration of vacancies during annealing at T(Q2). That is, it is considered that these results are due to the difference in aging behavior between the regions of relatively high concentration and the ones of low concentration induced by the fluctuation. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学工学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0475-0071 13 1979 Effects of the Fluctuation of Solute Concentration in Al-Zn Alloys on the Aging at Low Temperatures; Ⅰ. Measurements of Electrical Resistivity 95 117 EN Mutsuo Ohta Teruto Kanadani Masuo Yamada Akira Sakakibara 10.18926/15709 Aging process in Al-Zn alloys was studied by the measurements of the electrical resistivity when the alloy was quenched from a high temperature, about 300℃ (the first quenching temperature), to an intermediate temperature, between 110℃ and 230℃ (the second quenching temperature), held at this temperature for a time, quenched again into iced water and aged at a low temperature. Variation of the holding time at the second quenching temperature brings about the variation of the isothermal aging curves. Maximum resistivity of the isothermal aging curve, p(max) , decreases at first, passes a minimum and then increases to reach a stationary value as the holding time at the intermediate temperature increases. It is pointed out that this phenomenon is mainly due to the fluctuation of solute concentration and the vacancy concentration decreasing at the intermediate temperature. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University Acta Medica Okayama 0475-0071 35 1-2 2001 Disassembly System using an Impact Hammer for the Material Recycling 191 196 EN Yoshiomi Munesawa Hirokazu Osaki Yasuhiro Kajihara /10.18926/15378 We developed the disassembly system that uses the impulsive load and disassembly tools to disassemble used appliances economically. The main components of this system are impulse hammer, a lift table and developed disassembly tools. Several types of disassembly tools are developed to punch out fastened portion on a part and cut off the shaft of screw or connection pin of IC-chip. A simulation model is proposed to explain and formulate how the fastening point of product is broken and cut. Three kinds of disassembly tools are designed. The actual disassembly system is developed by using proposed simulation models and disassembly tools. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医学部保健学科 Acta Medica Okayama 1345-0948 12 1 2001 食道癌術後の嚥下感覚の変化に対する考察 ―頸部電気インピーダンスおよび嚥下音を用いた嚥下活動評価― 53 62 EN Keiko Mori Yoshitake Yamamoto Takao Nakamura Toshimasa Kusuhura 10.18926/15243 食道癌患者は腫瘍による狭窄のため,程度の差はあるものの,術前より通過障害を認めることが多い｡食道癌と診断され,手術を自己決定した患者の多くは,手術をして罹患前のように食事ができるようになりたいと思っている｡しかし,患者の多くが術後に嚥下感覚の変化に遭遇する｡現在,手術前に実施されるインフォームドコンセント(以下IC)では,術後に起こる嚥下感覚の変化については説明が行われていない｡そのため患者は,経口摂取が可能になった時点で嚥下感覚の変化を自覚し,強い不安を感じる｡今回, 5人の患者に術後の嚥下感覚の変化に関するインタビューを実施するとともに,術後の嚥下活動を頸部電気インピーダンスおよび嚥下音を用いて測定した｡インタビューの結果, 5人全てが,術後に嚥下感覚の変化を自覚し,不安を感じていた｡また,青年健常者と比較し,IPG波形の多相化と,嚥下音の咽頭期以外での発生が認められた｡患者が,術後に起こる嚥下感覚の変化についてのICを望んでいることからも,術後の嚥下感覚の変化についてのICを行なう必要がある｡ No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

日本分析化学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0525-1931 48 5 1999 ポータブルフローインジェクション分析計の開発と窒素 酸化物のオンサイト分析 447 482 EN Keiro Higuchi Akiko Inoue Hiromitsu Tamanouchi Takayasu Hattori Shoji Motomizu A new portable flow injection system was developed for on-site chemical analysis, which allows the rapid analysis of aqueous samples at sampling sites. The system comprises a newly designed double-plunger micro pump, a six-way sample injector, a reaction coil in a thermostated compartment and a detector. All of these units are connected with 0.5 mmi.d. PTFE tubing. A visible detector is assembled using a maximum wavelength of 525 nm of a light-emitting diode (LED) and 540 nm of an interference filter. The system is of the one-box type, whose dimensions are 160(W) x 160(H) x 320(D) mm, and is easy to carry to the analysis site; the weight is 8 kg. A thermostated compartment is incorporated into the proposed system in order to be used outdoors, where temperatures are changeable. The system can workwith DC 12Vas well as AC 100V; therefore, a car battery or a portable battery can be used as the power source. The analytical data can be memorized in IC cards or a note-book personal computer connected with a RS232C cable. Furthermore, software on the market can be easily used. By using the proposed system, the on-site determination of nitrogen oxides, such as nitrate and nitrite, could be carried out. Calibration graphs for nitrate and nitrite ions were linear over ranges of 0 to 1.0ppm and 0 to 100ppb ofN-NOs and N-NO2 with good precision; the sampling rate was 40~50 samples per hour. The detection limit for N-NO3 and N-NO2 was 0.5 ppb. By using the proposed system, the on-site determination of nitrate and nitrite in river water samples was carried out. The relative standard deviations of ten injections were 0.65% for nitrate and 0.15% for nitrite. Furthermore, nitrate and nitrite in biological samples as a metabolic products of nitric oxide, which have attracted a lot of attension as a messenger of diverse physiological processes, were also determined on-site with high sensitivity. By using a car battery as a power source, the proposed system worked continuously. In addition, it worked for about 5 hours continuously with a portable battery. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学保健環境センター環境安全部門 Acta Medica Okayama 0917-1533 28 2006 東アジアの季節サイクルや日々の気象に注目した最終氷期頃の気候環境の理解へ向けて 17 27 EN Kuranoshin Kato Shoichiro Ikeda Kana Abe Regional climate system in East Asia shows the characteristic seasonal cycle affected by the Asian monsoon with various types of its sub-systems. The seasonal cycle there is also related greatly to behaviors of the frontal zones which are the boundaries of these sub-systems. Since the variation of global-scale environment such as the global warming influences on each monsoon sub-system in rather different manner, it is necessary to understand the joint effects of these subsystems, in order to predict the regional climate change in East Asia in the global warming. In such research, it would be also useful to examine the features in the ice age, as an opposite extreme situation against the global warming. Thus the present paper will discuss some viewpoints in investigating the regional climate in the Last Glacial Maximum with attention to the seasonal cycle and daily meteorological systems. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 1-2 1990 アデノウイルス誘発マウス腫瘍における myc 群癌遺伝子の増幅と発現 209 216 EN Takeshi Okino Amplification and expression of myc-related oncogenes were studied on adenovirus-induced tumors (D and IC) and spontaneous hapatoma (P), all of which had been successively trans-planted in C3Hf/OK mice. c-myc expression waas elevated in the D, IC anf P tumors, and a 8.9-fold amplification of c-myc was observed in the IC tumor. In the D tumor N-myc expression was elevated and a 1.9-fold amplification of N-myc was also observed. Amplification of c-myc in the IC tumor was suspected to be a result of selection for c-myc amplified cells during successive transplantation. Although expression of genes, c-myc, N-myc and E1A of adenovir-us, suppress each other, the results of this experiment, especially elevated expression of N-myc and c-myc in the D tumor, implicated deregulation of myc family genes in malignancies indiced by adenovirus. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 1-2 1990 ヒトアデノウィルス12型誘発腫瘍におけるE1領域遺伝子の組み込みと発現 143 152 EN Tomoko Morikawa Integration and expression of human adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) were studied on two Ad12-induced tumor lines of C3Hf/OK mouse origin (IC and D tumors). Southern hybridization using whole Ad12 genome as probe demonstrated that DNA of IC and D tumors contained about 9 and 23 copies, respectively, of the entire Ad12 genome eqivalent per diploid cell. Left ends of Ad12 DNA appeared as off-size bands, indicating their linkage to different cellular DNAs. Southern hybridization using and Ad12 EcoRI-C fragment containing the E1 region as a probe revealed that intergration sites were much fewer than presumen numbers of integrated Ad12 genones. These results suggested that the viral and cellular DNA complex was repeated at integration sites. Northen hybridization using an Ad12 EcoRI-C fragment as a probe showed that tha E1 region was transcribed in both IC and D tumors. Much more intensive expression in the D tumor suggested possible dependence of the expression of the E1 region on the copy numbers of Ad12 genomes. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 103 9-10 1991 大腸 pm 癌の臨床病理学的検討 1081 1088 EN Hiromi Iwagaki Akio Hizuta Nagahide Matsubara Shigeo Shiiki Fumihiro Hamada Akira Gouchi Yasuaki Kamikawa Kunzo Orita Sadanori Fuchimoto Koichi Mizobuchi During the 13 years from 1978 to 1990, 50 cases of colorectal cancer, infiltrating to the proper muscle layer, were experienced, and were evaluated on the basis of clinicopathological findings. Pm colorectal carcinoma were classified into two groups (pm1,pm2) according to the depth of invasion into the proper muscle layer. Most of the pm colorectal carcinomas were located in the rectum (64%). According to macroscopic classification, the ulcerative type occurred more often (84%) than the elevated type (16%). As the carcinoma invaded deeper into the proper muscle layer, the incidence of lymphatic vessel invasion tended to become higher. Lymphnode metastasis from the ulcerative type cancer (26.2%) was less frequent than that of the elevated type (62.5%). Lymphnode metastasis from the elevated type cancer was confined to the n2 lymphnode. On the other hand, lymphnode metastasis from the ulcerative type had invaded to the n3 lymphnode. These findings indicated that R3 operation is needed for pm colorectal cancer of both the elevated and the ulcerative type, although nerve preserving operation or selective lateral lymphnode dissection is reasonable for pm rectal cancer. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 103 1-2 1991 中枢神経系の電気刺激による除痛機序に関する基礎的研究 ―とくにネコの大脳皮質電気刺激が三叉神経脊髄路核尾側亜核ニューロン活動におよぼす影響について― 1 18 EN Tetsuya Masaoka The effect of electrical stimulation of cerebral cortex on neuronal activity in the subnucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STNcd) was examined electrophysiologically in the cat. The nociceptive neuronal firing in the STNcd was suppressed by electrical stimulation of contralateral cerebral cortex (primary motor : Msl or primary somatosensory : Sml cortical area.) The high amplitude spontaneous and continuous neuronal hyperactivity (deafferentation hyperactivity : DH), which was provoked in the left STNcd after complete ablation of left Gasserian ganglion, was conspicuously suppressed by the electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex (Msl stimulation : 5/36 ; Sml stimulation : 12/36). Almost all neurons (nociceptive and DH neuron), the neuronal activity of which was suppressed by electrical stimulation of cerebral cortex, were located in the dorsal and ventral reticular subnuclei of STNcd. On the other hand, the injection of wheat germ agglutinin labeling horseradish peroxidase into the cerebral cortex (Msl) demonstrated that the efferent fibers passed through the internal capsule (IC) and projected directly to the dorsal and ventral reticular subnuclei of the STNcd of the contralateral side. This study suggested that the neuronal firing in STNcd (nociceptive neuronal firing and DH) was suppressed by stimulation of the inhibitory efferent fibers from the cerebral cortex to STNcd by electrical stimulation of IC and cerebral cortex. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 104 3-4 1992 インターフェロン並びにインターフェロン誘発剤に関する基礎的・臨床的研究　第1編　インターフェロン並びにインターフェロン誘発剤の好中球 Chemiluminescence に及ぼす影響 247 258 EN Mitsuhiro Fukumoto To evaluate one the effects of interferon (IFN) and its inducers on neutrophil functions neutrophil chemiluminescence (ChL) was assayed on 31 healthy individuals, nine patients treated with IFN-α (human lymphoblastoid interferon, 3×10(6)units/day i. m. daily) and 11 patients treated with Ge-132 (2,250mg/day p. o. daily). The base lines (BLs), peak levels (PLs) and times to PLs (PLs) of neutrophil ChL were examined before, one week and one month after the treatment. The direct effects of IFN-α, Ge-132 and OK-432 on neutrophil ChL were also evaluated by using an in vitro experimental system. PLs were significantly increased one week after the treatment with IFN-α or Ge-132. However, they were decreased to the pretreatment level one month after the treatment. In vitro experimental system IFN-α enhanced PLs of neutrophil ChL showing dose and time dependencies. On the other hand Ge-132 and OK-432 showed no direct effect on neutrophil ChL in vitro. These findings suggest that IFN-α and Ge-132 enhance the host defense mechanism by the activation of neutrophil functions, and also suggest that they have some benefits not only in the clinical management of cancer but also of chronic infection. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 105 11-12 1993 慢性関節リウマチにおける頸椎X線病変に関する研究―特に疾患進行度との関連について― 987 997 EN Masato Nishizawa A multivariate analysis of the clinical and radiographic findings of 70 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was studied. Linear multiple regression analysis was performed on 23 clinical variables. The factors that contributed highly to the progression of vertical atlanto-axial subluxation (VS) were gender, presence of arthritis mutilans, blood hemoglobin level, carpal height ratio (CHR) and the number of joints treated by arthroplasty. This result suggests that the natural progression of VS may well relate to the indicators of the severity of destructive conditions. In contrast, anterior atlanto-axial subluxation (AAS) showed no statistical correlation with any factors. Therefore, the severity of AAS does not appear to be related to the factors that were closely related to VS. A follow-up study of the radiological changes in the cervical spine and hand was performed. There was a high correlation between the severity of VS and the reduction of CHR. As destructive changes in the hands were common and irreversible findings in RA, CHR was the most objective of the factors correlated with VS. Therefore, the measurement of CHR is useful in evaluating the progression of VS. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 105 5-6 1993 ラドン水吸入による家兎の副腎髄質カテコラミン分泌作用―組織循環増加作用との関わりについて― 419 426 EN Ichio Suzuka To clarify the relationship between in the increase in subcutaneous tissue perfusion rate (TPR) upon inhalation of radon water and the vasoactive effects of radon, rabbits inhaled nebulized water containing 14,000-18,000 Bq/1 radon (radon group) taken from Ikeda Mineral Spring, Shimane Pref., Japan. Control rabbits inhaled radon water from the same springs which had been kept for over 10 radon half-life periods. TPR was evaluated 15 minutes after the beginning of inhalation by mass spectrometry. After inhalation for 90 minutes, plasma and adrenal glands were removed, and levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (THI mithod). Each group was divided into 4 subgroups according to intravenously injected medication as follows : 1) no medication (without adrenergic blocker), 2) phentolamine (α-blocker), 0.05mg/kg/min, 3) propranolol (non-selective β-blocker), 1mg/kg, and 4) atenolol (selective β1-blocker), 6mg/kg. In the radon group, plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were significantly higher (p<0.01, p<0.05), and adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were significantly lower (p<0.01, P<0.01), than those in the control group. In the no medication and phentolamine subgroups, TPRs in the radon group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.01, P<0.01). In the propranolol and atenolol subgroups, no significant change of TPR was found. It is suggested that catecholamines are secreted from the adrenal glands upon inhalation of radon water and that the β1-action of catecholamines contributes to the increase in tissue perfusion. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 106 5-6 1994 心筋酸素需要増加時および反応性充血の冠動脈トーヌスに対するKATP channelの影響 451 460 EN Hiroo Kobayashi To evaluate the role of the KATP channel in regulating coronary tonus in response to increases in myocardial oxygen conaumption, and reactive hypermia following ischemia, coronary blood flow was measured with glibenclamide, a KATP channel blocker (50μmol/l ic.) and pinacidil, a KATP channel opener, (10μmol/l ic.) The following interventions were applied in the control and during intracoronary infusions of glibenclamide alone or glibenclamide plus pinacidil : 1) intravenous infusion of isoproternol (0.125μg/kg/min), 2) aortic constriction to raise the mean aortic pressure by 30%. The slope of the regression line of coronary conductance of mycardial oxygen consumption was significantly decreased with glibenclamide (p<0.05), but returned to the baseline with pinacidil, both during isoproterenol infunsion and aortic constriction. Reactive hyperemia following a 20-sec coronary occlusion was also attennuated with glibenclamide and recovered with pinacidil. These findings suggest that the KATP channel regulates coronary artery tonus during the increase in myocardial oxygen consumption and transient myocardial ischemia. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 105 3-4 1993 ラットにおける DMH 誘発大腸癌株細胞 (RCN-9) を用いた肝転移モデル作成と実験化学療法 ―抗癌剤門脈内投与の効果について― 323 330 EN Yoshihiro Akazai To establish an effective chemotherapy against liver metastases, we compared the anti-proliferative effects of portal vein drug administration with that of intravenous administration, using a rat hepatic micrometastasis model. The model was produced by inoculating 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH)-induced rat colonic carcinoma (RCN-9) cells into the portal vein. The drugs used were 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), mitomycin-C (MMC) and cisdiammine-dichloroplatinum (CDDP), at total doses of 150mg/kg, 6mg/kg and 8mg/kg, respectively. Animals were classified into three groups in terms of drug administration times ; one time administration 2 days after tumor cell inoculation (day 2), three times on days 2, 9 and 16, and daily for fifteen days between day 2 and day 16. On day 21 after inoculation of the tumor cells, all rats were sacrificed and metastatic nodules were calculated. Portal vein administration of anticancer drugs, 5-FU, MMC, CDDP, had a tendency to inhibit the proliferation of liver micrometastases and was accompanied by fewer side effects, in comparison with intravenous infusion. In addition, significant prolongation of survival was achieved in the portal vein infusion group. These results suggest that intraportal administration of drugs is an effective modality to inhibit micro or occult liver metastases. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 106 9-10 1994 自律神経機能検査としての顔面浸水負荷テストの有用性の検討―糖尿病患者と健常人における心拍変動性の比較検討― 1003 1012 EN Nana Honma We examined the heart rate response to face immesion in 17 normal subjects and 9 diabetics. The subjects immersed their face fully in a basin filled with ice water at 4-6℃ in a foward leaning position for 20 sec. Two-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was continuously recorded from 20 sec before the immersion to 5 min after. The R-R intervals were measured on the recorded ECG. In the control group, heart rate response to face immesion showed 4 pahses : an initial increment after the immersion of the face (phase 1), decrease after the initial increment (phase 2), second increment after phase 2 (phase 3) and second decrease after the second increment (phase 4). Repeated face immersion test with a 10 min interval revealed reproducibility of the test. Parasympathetic blockade with atropine sulphate attenuated the pahse 2 response, suggenting that cardiac parasympathetic nerve tone increases in response to the initial increment in the heart rate due to sympathetic response. In diabetic patients, phase 2 response was reduced in patients with a shorter history of diabetes, while in patients with a longer history, heart rate response was diminishied in all phases. Therefore, heart rate response to face immersion was attenuated relative to the duration of the illness. The present study suggests that the analysis of the heart rate response to face immersion in useful as an autonomic nervous function test. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 106 9-10 1994 難治性喘息における ciclosporin の臨床効果とその免疫アレルギー学的研究 973 984 EN Tomoharu Okano Activation of lymphocytes is thought to be an important mechanism in the allergic response in intractable asthma. To establish a new therapy using a selectively suppressive agent for T-Cells, small doses of ciclosporin (Cs) were administered to three patients with intractable asthma. The effects on the clinical courses and immunological parameters were examined. The results were as follows : (1) Clinical improvements were observed at doses above 4mg/kg/day. (2) The percentage of CD3(+) and CD4(+) lymphocyte in peripheral blood showed a tendency to reduce, and lymphocyte blastogenic responses and IL-2 production against specific antigens were suppressed to within or below the normal range. There was significan inverse correlation between whole blood Cs level and IL-2 production against specific antigens (Candida, and house dust)(γ=-0.95p<0.005, and γ=-0.99p<0.005, respectively). 3) Serum IgE level decreased markedly, but there was no significant change in serum levels of IgG, IgA, or IgM. Between the whole blood Cs level and serum IL-4 level, there was a significant inverse correlation (γ=-0.73p<0.05), but a relative correlation between serum IL-4 level and serum IgE level (γ=0.66) was noted. The effects disappeared after medication without Cs. These data indicate that lymphocytes may play an important role in the attack mechanism of intractable asthma and that Cs therapy is beneficial when temporarily administered for the disease, though the potential risks such as infection, nephrotoxicity, liver damage and carcinogensis remain problems in the treatment. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 105 7-8 1993 サルコイドーシス肺リンパ球の Propionibacterium acnes に対する反応性に関する研究 第1編 P. acnes に対する反応の特異性に関する検討 657 663 EN Tsuyoshi Maeta The fact that alveolar lymphocytes in patients with active sarcoidosis are sensitized by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) was previously reported by our group. Therefore, the responses of alveolar lymphocytes induced by Nocardia rubra and Streptococcus pyogenes were investigated and compared to those of P. acnes. The mean response rate of alveolar lymphocytes to P. acnes was significantly enhanced (1.89±1.45) in 12 untreated sarcoidosis patients compared with the response rates to Nocardia rubra (0.87±0.47) and Streptococcus pyogenes (0.64±0.30). Peripheral lymphocytes did not respond to any cell wall components of these organisms. Our findings indicate that alveolar lymphocytes in sarcoidosis are specifically sensitized by P. acnes, and suggest that P.acnes plays an important role in the induction of alveolar lymphocytes in sarcoidosis. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 114 1 2002 抗リン脂質抗体症候群における動脈血栓の発症機序：β2-グリコプロテインIに特異的なリガンドと自己抗体の関与 39 51 EN Qingping Liu β2-Glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) is a major antigen for anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) appeared in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). We recently reported that β2-GPI specifically binds to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and that on of the β2-GPI's major ligands derived from oxLDL, oxLig-1, is 9-(7-ketocholest-5-en-3β-yloxy)-9-oxononanoic acid (J. Lipid Res. 42, 697, 2001). In the present study, it was demonstrated that carboxylated variants of cholesteryl linoleate have a critical role for β2-GPI binding.In vitro experiments indicate that oxLDL was uptaken by macrophages via an interaction among the ligand such as oxLig-1, β2-GPI, and anti-β2-GPI autoantibodies. The uptake was not occurred by cholesterol or its ester without a free carboxyl residue, i.e., cholesteryl lenoleate, by cholesterol, or by 7-ketocholesterol alone, even in the presence of β2-GPI and anti-β2-GPI antibodies. Thus, carboxyl variants of cholesteryl ester specific for β2-GPI may mediate anti-β2-GPI Ab-dependent uptake of oxLDL by macrophages and autoimmune atherogenesis developed in APS. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 115 1 2005 C型慢性肝炎におけるHCV-免疫複合体形成とインターフェロン治療効果との関係 15 19 EN Ryouji Manabe We retrospectively analyzed the relationship between formation of HCV-bearing immune complexes (HCV-IC) and response to interferon (IFN) therapy for chronic hepatitis C (CH-C). Five CH-C patients with complete response (CR) to IFN therapy and pre-treatment HCV RNA titer measured by Amplicor HCV-monitor and five stage (biopsy proved fibrosis of the liver)-matiched CH-C patients who were non-esponders (NR) to IFN therapy were enrolled. Pretretment sera were separated into HCV-IC (supernatant) and anti-HCV antibody-free virions (pellet) by addition of anti-human immunoglobulins and centrifugation. HCV RNA was quantified in the supernatant and the pellet, by real-time PCR and semi-quantitative RT-PCR respectively. There were discrepancies in the HCV RNA titers measured by Amplicor and the results of real-time PCR. We found a larges quantity of HCV RNA in the supernatan and a smaller quantity in the pellet in CR than in NR by using by real-time PCR. Our data indicate that response to interferon therapy for CH-C patients may be associated with the conditions underlying the formation of HCV-IC. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 116 3 2005 ヒトの大腸癌細胞におけるTNFとINF-αの併用刺激によるApoptosisの増強のメカニズム, 特にNF-κBが誘導するFasの発現の増強を介した新しいシグナル伝達について―岡山大学医学賞（林原賞）を受賞して― 221 228 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 118 2 2006 Fetal origin adult disease (FOAD) 157 159 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 00301558 119 3 2008 I 乳がんの診断と治療 273 283 EN Hiroyoshi Doihara Naruto Taira No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学大学院文化科学研究科 Acta Medica Okayama 1880-9162 6 1 2007 ヨーロッパ近世「小氷期」と共生危機 ―宗教戦争・紛争、不作、魔女狩り、流民の多発は、寒い気候のせいか？― 31 52 EN Ryoichi Nagata 10.18926/12841 １．問題の所在　 ２．「小氷期」の存在とその定量的データを示す自然科学研究の成果　 ３．気候以外の要因が考えられない事象の例＝アルプスの氷河の進出　 ４．気候が有力な要因と考えらる事象の例＝ブドー栽培あるいはワイン醸造　 ５．「小氷河期」の原因を太陽活動の盛衰に求める自然科学研究　 ６．まとめと展望　 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医療技術短期大学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0917-4494 5 1995 Correlation between IgG class of rheumatoid factors, immune complexes and C-reactive protein in human sera containing RF. 71 77 EN Hiroko Tohge Mitsuko Ichimura Junko Sakiyama Shuji Mori Yasunari Nakata Hiroshi Endo 10.18926/11918 We measured the concentration of three immunoglobulin classes of rheumatoid factors (Ig-RFs), C3d binding IgG immune complex (C3d-IC), C1q binding IgG immune complex (C1q-IC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in 74 samples of human sera with high levels of RF (24.0~2350.0IU/ml). In sera with high levels of C3d-IC (>15.0μg/ml), there was a positive correlation between the levels of CRP and the IgG-RF, but there was no correlation between the levels of CRP and the immune complexes (C3d-IC and C1q-IC). And then, there was a positive correlation between the levels of CRP and IgG-RF or C3d-IC and IgG-RF when the levels of C1q-IC in patients sera were higher than 80.0μg/ml. However, there was no correlation between the levels of CRP and C1q-IC in these patients sera containing high levels of both C3d-IC and C1q-IC. These results indicated that the determination of C3d-IC, C1q-IC, IgG-RF and CRP in human sera containing RF denote different implications as inflammatory indexes on progression of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医学部附属環境病態研究施設, 岡山大学医学部附属病院三朝分院 Acta Medica Okayama 0913-3771 62 1991 Candida-specif ic IgG(4) ant ibodies and bronchial asthma 1 4 EN Yoshiro Tanizaki Hikaru Kitani Morihiro Okazaki Takashi Mifune Fumihiro Mitsunobu Akimasa Takatori Hiroyuki Okuda Hideo Harada 10.18926/11668 Serum levels of Candida-specific IgG(4) antibodies were examined in 66 patients with bronchial asthma, relating to patient age and asthma severity. 1. The levels of Candida-specific IgG(4) antibodies were the highest in patients with 60+years of age, compared to the levels in cases with 0-39 and 40-59 years of age. 2. In cases with 40-59 years of age, the levels of Candida-specific IgG(4) were significantly higher in cases with long-term steroid therapy (severe intractable asthma) than in cases without steroid regimen. The results suggest that increased levels of Candida-specific IgG(4) were observed in relation to patient age and asthma severity. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学資源生物科学研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0916-930X 3 2 1995 Mesembryanthemum crystallinum(ice plant)におけるカリウムチャンネルをコードするPCR産物のクローニング 145 149 EN Maki Katsuhara Hans J. Bohnert Gene fragments of potassium channels were cloned from Mesembryanthemum crystallinum by using RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). The two fragments were isolated independently and showed high similarity with each other. About 80% identity was found between the two fragments and potassium-channel genes of Arabidopsis. Southern hybridization indicated that the potassium channel gene may be a single copy gene or that a small gene family of potassium channels exists. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

社団法人日本機械学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0387-5016 60 578 1994 流動過冷却水および水溶液の管内凍結発生限界に及ぼす諸因子の影響 218 225 EN Hideo Inaba Kengo Takeya Supercooling characteristics of water and water solution in a forced flow were investigated both experimentally and analytically. The critical conditions of ice nucleation in a cooled circular tube were examined for five sets of tube dimensions under various Reynolds numbers. It was found that the critical degree of supercooling based on the inner wall temperature was independent of Reynolds number in a laminar flow region. However, in a turbulent flow region, it decreased with increasing Reynolds number. An ice nucleation model for the flowing supercooled liquid was developed to predict the critical conditions of ice formation, in which the effects of the flow and temperature conditions, tube dimensions and solute mass fraction were taken into consideration. Nondimensional correlation equations for the critical condition of ice formation were derived in laminar and turbulent flow regions as a function of some nondimensional parameters obtained by analyzing the ice nucleation model. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

社団法人日本機械学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0387-5016 60 580 1994 管内流動過冷却水中の球形氷粒子挙動 173 180 EN Hideo Inaba Kengo Takeya Numerical calculation of behavior of a spherical ice particle (motion, melting and solidification) in flowing supercooled water inside a cooled circular tube was performed. By assuming that the single ice particle moved from its position on the upper or lower cooling surface in fully developed laminar flow, the variation of ice particle radius during the moving process could be calculated under various Reynolds numbers for water, initial ice particle radii and cooling conditions. For the particle motion in flowing water, the numerical results were in good agreement with the measurements obtained from visualization using paraffin particles (density : 926 kg/m^3). It was found that the initial ice particle radius, Reynolds number of water and the cooling wall temperature exerted pronounced effects on the ice particle radius at the tube exit ; however the inlet temperature of the flowing water had little effect on the radius at the tube exit. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

社団法人日本機械学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0387-5016 59 567 1993 静止水の過冷却現象に及ぼす諸因子の影響 255 262 EN Hideo Inaba Kengo Takeya Supercooling characteristics in quiescent bulk water enclosed in a circular tube were investigated on a basic level through numerous experiments. In the experiments, three kinds of water with different specific resistances were used as the test samples and their freezing temperatures were measured. The critical degree of supercooling depended on the property of the heat transfer surface and the cooling rate, and it became larger for a smoother surface and a higher cooling rate. It was found that the specific resistance of the water had little effect on the critical degree of supercooling . However, the insoluble particles included in the water greatly affected the ice nucleation in the supercooled water and the size effect of the insoluble particles was found to become important in the range of 0.1-1.0 μm in particle radius. For particle radii larger than this range, the critical degree of supercooling was independent of the size, while below this range it sharply increased with a decrease in the particle size. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

社団法人日本機械学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0387-5016 59 560 1993 静止状態におけるバルク状水および水溶液の過冷却現象に影響を及ぼす諸因子の効果 200 207 EN Hideo Inaba Kengo Takeya Shigeru Nozu Supercooling characteristics on still bulk water and several kinds of water solutions were investigated experimentally. The test fluids, which were sandwiched in between two immiscible liquids in a glass tube, were set in a constant low-temperature room, and its freezing temperature was measured. It was found that the critical degree of supercooling for the water increased with decreasing test fluid volume, V, and was proportional to the logarithm of V. However, the critical degree of supercooling for the water solutions varied with the type of solute, and for each solute, it increased with increasing solute concentration. The critical degree of supercooling for the water solution was larger than that for the water by about 0～4 K. The increment supercooling, which depended on the type of solute, could be explained by the equilibrium freezing point depression, an increase in the viscosity and solute/water interactions. In addition, the present data for the water solutions were correlated with dimensionless parameters which expressed these effects. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

社団法人日本機械学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0387-5016 61 589 1995 流動水溶液による管内連続製氷に関する基礎研究 198 205 EN Hideo Inaba Satoshi Miyahara Kengo Takeya Fundamental study was carried out concerning the possibility of continuous slurry ice making using D-sorbitol solution flowing in cooled circular glass and stainless-steel tubes. In the present experiment, the supercooling condition of the flowing water solution was released by injecting ice nucleation material such as fine ice particles into the cooled tube. As a result, three types of operating conditions in the pipe, that is supercooling, continuous ice making and ice blockage, were classified. It was clarified that the ice making efficiency was increased with an increase in the nondimensional cooling ratio, and with decreasing of Reynolds number and the concentration of the water solution. The efficiency of continuous ice making in the cooled tube was greater by 2～5 times than that of continuous ice making outside the tube under the by supercooling condition. A nondimensional correlation equation for the ice making efficiency was derived as a function of some nondimensional parameters. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

社団法人日本機械学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0387-5016 58 548 1992 流動過冷却水による連続製氷に関する基礎研究 339 346 EN Hideo Inaba Kengo Takeya Shigeru Nozu Basic experiments were carried out concerning the possibility of continuous ice making in supercooled water in a forced flow. In the experiments, the critical conditions of ice formation and stability of supercooled water in cooled circular tubes were examined for four kinds of tube inner diameters under various Reynolds numbers. It was understood that two ice growth modes of annular ice and dendritic ice appeared in the cooling tube according to the degree of supercooling. Nondimensional correlation equations of supercooling for ice nucleation in laminar and turbulent flow regions were derived as a function of the nondimensional ratio of thermal boundary thickness to the pipe length, which length is defined as the distance from the position where the mixing average temperature of the flowing water becomes below freezing point to the pipe downstream end. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

社団法人日本機械学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0387-5016 56 523 1990 寒冷地における塩水太陽池の熱特性評価 234 241 EN Hideo Inaba Takeyuki Fukuda A one-dimensional numerical model which simulates the dynamic thermal performance of stratified salt-gradient solar pond is described. The model simulates the thermal performance in the upper convective layer, the nonconvective layer and the lower convective layer in a cold climate. In addition to the energy flux in the solar pond, the model simulates the varying ice thickness appearing in the upper convective layer during the winter season. From the results, it is noticed that it is important to maintain the optimum thickness of the nonconvective layer and the clearness of the upper convective layer for the high thermal efficiency of the salt-gradient solar pond. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

社団法人日本機械学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0387-5016 67 654 2001 氷水スラリーと温空気との直接接触熱交換による放冷に関する基礎研究 210 217 EN Shigeo Aoyama Hideo Inaba This paper has dealt with direct contact heat exchange characteristics between ice water slurry (average ice particle diameter : 3.10 mm) and hot air bubbles. The hot air bubbles ascending in the layer fluidized the ice water slurry layer, and the bubbles were cooled down directly by the ice water slurry. The following results were obtained from the experiment. In case of ice water slurry layer, the hot air bubbles fluidized the layer in earlier stage and heat exchange performance was higher than using only ice particles layer. The maximum temperature efficiency increased as Reynolds number Re increased because fluid in the layer became active and kept at the fixed value in the region of Re >__=900. Dehumidity efficiency increased as modified Stefan number and Re increased since the heat capacity of inlet air and heat transfer coefficient increased. Some empirical correlations for temperature efficiency, dehumidity efficiency and the completion time of latent cold heat release were derived in terms of various nondimensional parameters. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

社団法人日本機械学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0387-5016 56 530 1990 水道分岐管の凍結挙動 279 284 EN Hideo Inaba Hideo Ootake The formation of ice growth that occurs in branched pipes (branch angle θ=45° and 90°)containing water flow was investigated experimentally. The experiments were carried out under various experimental conditions over the range of Reynolds number (based on pipe i.d.) Re=420-12500 and cooling temperature ratios of the freezing parameter T(= T_f - T_w)/(T_∞ - T_f), T_f=0℃,T_w= cooling water pipe wall temperature, T_∞= flowing water temperature)=1.3-11.1. From the visualization of ice formation in the pipes, the branched pipe with flowing water was first blocked by ice formation : subsequently, the main pipe downstream of the branched portion was frozen off, and eventually the main pipe upstream of the branched portion was blocked by ice formation. As a result, freezing of the remaining water in the branched portion resulted in a pipe rupture at around the branched portion of the pipe. The transient behavior of ice formation, according to time proceeding, was expressed as a relationship between the pressure loss coefficient f and the Reynolds number Re for various cooling temperature ratios T. In addition, the critical condition of the complete ice blockage in branched pipes was obtained with experimental correlation equations in terms of T and Re. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2005 Theoretical Study on Structural and Thermodynamic Properties of Water, Ice, and Clathrate Hydrate EN Yuji Koyama No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254 47 1 1976 ラット受精卵の凍結保存に関する研究、とくに凍結過程における氷晶形成と生存性について 59 66 EN Kyozo Utsumi Eizi Okimasu Masataka Yuhara 8% DMSOあるいは5% グリセリン添加のラット胚盤胞の凍結後の生存性を検討した. 8% DMSOを加え,DAからLN2ガス10分静置後LN2に浸漬したものが最も良好な成績が得られ,5% グリセリンを加え,DAから同様の法によるものは著しく劣った. いずれもDAから直接LN2へ浸漬した場合は生存胚は得られなかった. 細胞内凍結を観察するために,凍害防御物質を含まない液でラット1cell胚を凍結し,低温顕微鏡によって観察したが,Flashing直後は不透度が急激に増し,数分後には移動再結晶による不透度の低下を招いた. ラット胚盤胞を同様に凍結した場合,-20℃で細胞外氷晶の移動が止まり,卵細胞の萎縮はわずかで原形に近い形で固定され細胞内凍結が想像された. 5% グリセリン加媒液で凍結した場合,移動再結晶誘起後の緩冷によって細胞外氷晶の増大と胚盤胞の萎縮が観察された. しかし,その氷晶形の移動とその変化は,-80℃以下では認められず,胚は脱水不充分のままでそれ以下の温度で細胞内凍結を招来していることが推察された. 8% DMSO加媒液で凍結した場合,氷晶の形成と移動はグリセリンと同様の経過を示したが,-80℃からDMSOの共晶点まで細胞外氷晶の角化と増大が認められ,胚の萎縮もその温度まで続いた. さらに-150～160℃付近において氷晶形の配列とは無関係に氷晶部に亀裂が入り,それ以後,-197℃まで変化は認められなかった. また,細胞内の不透度の変化は全温度域を通じて認められず,細胞内凍結はごく一部かあるいは生じていないことが想像された。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254 44 1 1974 ラット受精卵の凍結保存に関する研究 とくにドライアイスアルコールによる凍結保存について 24 27 EN Kyozo Utsumi Masataka Yuhara ラットの受精卵の-20℃から-79℃の温度域における凍結法を明らかにするためにこの研究を行なった. 卵子浮遊液には,生理食塩水・同種不活化血清（2：1）を用い,抗凍結剤として8% DMSOを加えた. ラット胚盤胞の-50℃までの凍結において,-20℃から-40℃の温度息では急冷し,他の温度息では毎分0.33℃の緩冷を行なった場合に,融解後の卵の形態も正常であり,またその移植によっても良好な生存性が得られた. -50℃から-79℃では毎分2℃の冷却速度が最適であった. -79℃ドライアイスアルコールで冷凍保存したラット胚盤胞の生存能は数日間であることが明らかとなった。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.