Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 0016-7037 400 2025 Lithium- and oxygen-isotope compositions of a Si-rich nebular reservoir determined from chondrule constituents in the Sahara 97103 EH3 chondrite 51 71 EN Torii Douglas-Song The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Tsutomu Ota The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Masahiro Yamanaka The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Hiroshi Kitagawa The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Ryoji Tanaka The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Christian Potiszil The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Tak Kunihiro The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Here we report the in situ ion-microprobe analyses of the Li- and O-isotope compositions of enstatite, FeO-rich pyroxene, olivine, glass, and cristobalite grains from six chondrule-related objects from the Sahara 97103 EH3 chondrite. The O-isotope composition of the enstatite grains scattered around the intersection between the terrestrial fractionation and primitive chondrule minerals lines. Whereas, that of olivine varied along the primitive chondrule minerals line. Based on the mineralogy, we found cristobalite formed as a result of Si saturation, instead of the reduction of FeO-rich silicates, consistent with Si-enrichment of whole rock enstatite chondrites. Based on the mineralogy and O-isotope compositions, we infer that olivines in some chondrules are relict grains. In chondrules that contained olivine, no abundant niningerite [(Mg,Fe,Mn)S] was observed. Thus, enstatite formation can be explained by the interaction of an olivine precursor with additional SiO2 (Mg2SiO4 + SiO2 → Mg2Si2O6), instead of sulfidation (Mg2SiO4 + S → 1/2 Mg2Si2O6 + MgS + 1/2 O2). Using the equation Mg2SiO4 + SiO2 → Mg2Si2O6 and the O-isotope compositions of enstatite and olivine, the O-isotope composition of the additional SiO2 was estimated. Based on the O-isotope composition, we infer that there could be a Si-rich gas with an elevated Δ17O value similar to, or greater than the second trend line (Δ17O = 0.9 ‰) suggested by Weisberg et al. (2021), during chondrule formation. The variation in the Li-isotope compositions of enstatite and olivine grains from EH3 chondrules is smaller than that for the same phases from CV3 chondrules. The variation in the Li-isotope compositions of the enstatite and olivine grains from EH3 chondrules is also smaller than that of their O-isotope compositions. During the recycling of enstatite-chondrite chondrules, both Li- and O-isotope compositions were homogenized. Although enstatite is the major carrier of Li in EH3 chondrules, the Li-isotope composition (δ7Li) of enstatite is lower than that of whole rock EH3 chondrites, suggesting the existence of a phase with higher δ7Li. Meanwhile, the Li-isotope composition and concentration (δ7Li, [Li]) of enstatite is higher than that of olivine. The Li-isotope composition of the Si-rich gas was estimated to be δ7Li = 1 ‰, using a similar mass-balance calculation as applied for the O-isotope composition. The Li-isotope composition of the Si-rich gas from the enstatite-chondrite-chondrule forming-region, is consistent with that of whole rock EH3 chondrites, and differs significantly from that of the Si-rich gas from the carbonaceous-chondrite-chondrule forming-region (δ7Li = −11 ‰) determined by a previous study. We speculate that the Si-rich gas in the carbonaceous-chondrite-chondrule forming-region maintained the Li-isotope heterogeneity inherited from light lithium synthesized by galactic cosmic-ray spallation in the interstellar medium. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 0012-821X 653 2025 Meteoritic and asteroidal amino acid heterogeneity: Implications for planetesimal alteration conditions and sample return missions 119205 EN Christian Potiszil Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Tsutomu Ota Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Masahiro Yamanaka Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Katsura Kobayashi Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Ryoji Tanaka Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Eizo Nakamura Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Carbonaceous chondrites (CC) and asteroid return samples contain amino acids (AA), which are essential for an origin of life on the early Earth and can provide important information concerning planetesimal alteration processes. While many studies have investigated AA from CC, separate studies have often found differing abundances for the same meteorite. Accordingly, analytical bias, differing terrestrial contamination levels and intrinsic sample heterogeneity have been proposed as potential reasons. However, current analytical techniques allow for the analysis of several mg-sized samples and can thus enable an investigation of AA heterogeneity within single meteorite specimens. Here, such an analytical technique is applied to characterise the AA in triplicate aliquots of three CCs. The results indicate that CCs are heterogenous in terms of their AA at the mm-scale. Furthermore, the results help to further constrain the effects of planetesimal alteration on organic matter and the requirements of future sample return missions that aim to obtain organic-bearing extraterrestrial materials. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

American Astronomical Society Acta Medica Okayama 0004-637X 965 1 2024 Unraveling the Cr Isotopes of Ryugu: An Accurate Aqueous Alteration Age and the Least Thermally Processed Solar System Material 52 EN Ryoji Tanaka The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Dilan M. Ratnayake The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Tsutomu Ota The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Noah Miklusicak The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Tak Kunihiro The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Christian Potiszil The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Chie Sakaguchi The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Katsura Kobayashi The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Hiroshi Kitagawa The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Masahiro Yamanaka The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Masanao Abe Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Akiko Miyazaki Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Aiko Nakato Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Satoru Nakazawa Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Masahiro Nishimura Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Tatsuaki Okada Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Takanao Saiki Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Satoshi Tanaka Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Fuyuto Terui Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Yuichi Tsuda Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Tomohiro Usui Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Sei-ichiro Watanabe Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University Toru Yada Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Kasumi Yogata Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Makoto Yoshikawa Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Eizo Nakamura The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University The analysis of samples returned from the C-type asteroid Ryugu has drastically advanced our knowledge of the evolution of early solar system materials. However, no consensus has been obtained on the chronological data, which is important for understanding the evolution of the asteroid Ryugu. Here, the aqueous alteration age of Ryugu particles was determined by the Mn–Cr method using bulk samples, yielding an age of 4.13 + 0.62/−0.55 Myr after the formation of Ca–Al-rich inclusions (CAI). The age corresponds to 4563.17 + 0.60/−0.67 Myr ago. The higher 55Mn/52Cr, ε54Cr, and initial ε53Cr values of the Ryugu samples relative to any carbonaceous chondrite samples implies that its progenitor body formed from the least thermally processed precursors in the outermost region of the protoplanetary disk. Despite accreting at different distances from the Sun, the hydrous asteroids (Ryugu and the parent bodies of CI, CM, CR, and ungrouped C2 meteorites) underwent aqueous alteration during a period of limited duration (3.8 ± 1.8 Myr after CAI). These ages are identical to the crystallization age of the carbonaceous achondirtes NWA 6704/6693 within the error. The ε54Cr and initial ε53Cr values of Ryugu and NWA 6704/6693 are also identical, while they show distinct Δ'17O values. This suggests that the precursors that formed the progenitor bodies of Ryugu and NWA 6703/6693 were formed in close proximity and experienced a similar degree of thermal processing in the protosolar nebula. However, the progenitor body of Ryugu was formed by a higher ice/dust ratio, than NWA6703/6693, in the outer region of the protoplanetary disk. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2025 Expression of SPRED2 in the lung adenocarcinoma EN Yoko OTA Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 2433-4146 56 1 2024 近代国家と民族性原理 オーストロ・マルクス主義の民族政策論争から 41 58 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/67487 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2023 Fabrication of scaffold-free mesenchyme tissue bands by cell self-aggregation technique for potential use in tissue regeneration EN Tomoyuki OTA Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学教師教育開発センター Acta Medica Okayama 2186-1323 13 2023 創作ダンス指導における教師の省察に関する質的研究―熟練教師の「行為の中の省察」に焦点を当てて― 207 219 EN Sachiyo Fukutake Department o f Early Childhood Care a nd Education , Niimi University Kazue Ota Joto Junior High School, Okayama City Haruko Sako Graduate School of Education, Okayama University 10.18926/CTED/65074 本研究は，公立中学校で長年ダンス教育に携わってきた熟練教師O 氏を対象として，D・ショーンが提唱した「行為の中の省察(reflection in action)」という観点から，その実践的指導力の特徴を検討した。分析手法には，再生刺激法を採用した聞き取り調査を行い，M-GTA による質的検討を行った。研究の結果，教師の授業実践中の省察から5 つのコアカテゴリー【教師観】【中学生のダンスへの抵抗感】【即時的な指導】【ダンスの指導観】【指導中の困難感】と12 のサブカテゴリ―と45 の概念が認められた。O 氏の指導には，自主創造性教育を掲げるダンス教育と，規律や規範といった学校文化との狭間における葛藤がみられた。中学生のダンスへの抵抗感をダンス授業の根本的な課題と抱えながらも，自身の身体を介入させた指導方略によって人間関係を重視した集団づくりを核とする指導実践を行っていることが明らかとなった。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 2433-4146 54 1 2022 エルンスト・パンツェンベック著『一つのドイツの夢：カール・レンナーとオットー・バウアーにおける合邦思想と合邦政策』（御茶の水書房，2022年） 65 73 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/63803 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 2433-4146 53 3 2022 斎藤幸平著『大洪水の前に』と『人新世の「資本論」』によせて 173 188 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/63493 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

The Geological Society of America Acta Medica Okayama 1553-040X 18 3 2022 Lithium in garnet as a tracer of subduction zone metamorphic reactions: The record in ultrahigh-pressure metapelites at Lago di Cignana, Italy 1020 1029 EN Gray E. Bebout Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Tsutomu Ota Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Takuya Kunihiro Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University William D. Carlson Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin Eizo Nakamura Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Lithium is of great interest as a tracer of metamorphic reactions and related fluid-mineral interactions because of its potential to isotopically fractionate during inter- and intracrystalline diffusional processes. Study of its transfer through subduction zones, based on study of arc volcanic and metamorphic rocks, can yield insight regarding ocean-to-mantle chemical cycling. We investigated major- and trace-element concentrations and delta Li-7 in garnet in ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) Lago di Cignana metasedimentary rocks, relating these observations to reconstructed prograde devolatilization history. In all garnet crystals we studied, heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), Y, and Li showed strong zoning, with elevated concentrations in cores (15-50 ppm Li) and marked high-concentration anomalies (up to 117 ppm Li, 5500 ppm Y; little or no major-element shift) as growth annuli, in which some crystals showed subtle elevation in delta Li-7 greater than analytical error of similar to 3 parts per thousand (2 sigma). Rutile inclusions appeared abruptly at annuli and outward toward rims, accompanied by inclusions of a highly zoned, Ca- and rare earth element-rich phase and decreased Nb concentrations in garnet. These relationships are interpreted to reflect prograde garnet-forming reaction(s), in part involving titanite breakdown to stabilize rutile, which resulted in delivery of more abundant Y and HREEs at surfaces of growing garnet crystals to produce annuli. Co-enrichments in Li and Y + REEs are attributed to mutual incorporation via charge-coupled substitutions; thus, increased Li uptake was a passive consequence of elevated concentrations of Y + REEs. The small-scale fluctuations in delta Li-7 (overall range of similar to 9 parts per thousand) observed in some crystals may correlate with abrupt shifts in major-and trace-element concentrations, suggesting that changes in reactant phases exerted some control on the evolution of delta Li-7. For one garnet crystal, late-stage growth following partial resorption produced deviation in major- and trace-element compositions, including Li concentration, accompanied by a 10 parts per thousand-15 parts per thousand negative shift in delta Li-7, perhaps reflecting a change in the mechanism of incorporation or source of Li. These results highlight the value of measuring the major- and trace-element and isotope compositions of garnets in high-pressure and UHP metamorphic rocks in which matrix mineral assemblages are extensively overprinted by recrystallization during exhumation histories. Lithium concentrations and isotope compositions of the garnets can add valuable information regarding prograde (and retrograde) reaction history, kinetics of porphyroblast growth, intracrystalline diffusion, and fluid-rock interactions. This work, integrated with previous study of devolatilization in the Schistes Lustres/Cignana metasedimentary suite, indicates retention of a large fraction of the initially subducted sedimentary Li budget to depths approaching those beneath volcanic fronts, despite the redistribution of this Li among mineral phases during complex mineral reaction histories. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 0022-510X 387 15 2018 Familial and sporadic chronic progressive degenerative parietal ataxia 70 74 EN Ryuta Morihara Departments of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University Toru Yamashita Departments of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University Kentaro Deguchi Departments of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University Tomoko Kurata Departments of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University Emi Nomura Departments of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University Kota Sato Departments of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University Yumiko Nakano Departments of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University Yasuyuki Ohta Departments of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University Nozomi Hishikawa Departments of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University Takeshi Ikeuchi Department of Molecular Genetics, Bioresource Science Branch, Center of Bioresource, Brain Research Institute Niigata University Masataka Kitaguchi Department of Neurology, Baba Memorial Hospital Koji Abe Departments of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University Background & objective: Parietal ataxia has been mainly reported as a consequence of acute ischemic stroke, while degenerative parietal ataxia has not been reported. Methods: We investigated clinical characteristics, neuroimaging data, and genetic analysis of patients with cerebellar ataxia plus parietal atrophy. Results: We identified seven patients, including five patients from two families, with chronic progressive cerebellar ataxia due to degenerative parietal atrophy but not stroke. Age at onset of ataxia was 57.6 +/- 6.9 years. All patients showed chronic progressive cerebellar ataxia with severity of ataxic gait > limb ataxia > dysarthria. Patients showed no cognitive dysfunction, muscle weakness, or parkinsonism, and only two patients showed mild sensory disturbances. The seven patients showed lateralized limb ataxia with greater contralateral parietal lobe atrophy by magnetic resonance imaging, and hypoperfusion by single photon emission computed tomography, without any abnormal cerebellar pathology (i.e., crossed cerebellar diaschisis). Pathogenic mutations in the microtubule-associated protein tau gene were not found using two single nucleotide polymorphisms. Conclusions: This is the first description showing unique clinical features of familial and sporadic chronic progressive degenerative parietal ataxia. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 0360-4012 95 9 2016 Reduction of intracerebral hemorrhage by rivaroxaban after tPA thrombolysis is associated with downregulation of PAR-1 and PAR-2 1818 1828 EN Ryuta Morihara Departments of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University Toru Yamashita Departments of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University Syoichiro Kono Departments of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University Jingwei Shang Departments of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University Yumiko Nakano Departments of Neurology Kota Sato Departments of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University Nozomi Hishikawa Departments of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University Yasuyuki Ohta Departments of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University Stefan Heitmeier Bayer Pharma AG, Drug Discovery - Global Therapeutic Research Groups, Cardiovascular Pharmacology Elisabeth Perzborn Bayer Pharma AG, Drug Discovery - Global Therapeutic Research Groups, Cardiovascular Pharmacology Koji Abe Departments of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University This study aimed to assess the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) after tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment in rivaroxaban compared with warfarin-pretreated male Wistar rat brain after ischemia in relation to activation profiles of protease-activated receptor-1, -2, -3, and -4 (PAR-1, -2, -3, and -4). After pretreatment with warfarin (0.2 mg/kg/day), low-dose rivaroxaban (60 mg/kg/day), high-dose rivaroxaban (120 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 14 days, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced for 90 min, followed by reperfusion with tPA (10 mg/kg/10 ml). Infarct volume, hemorrhagic volume, immunoglobulin G leakage, and blood parameters were examined. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, immunohistochemistry for PARs was performed in brain sections. ICH volume was increased in the warfarin-pretreated group compared with the rivaroxaban-treated group. PAR-1, -2, -3, and -4 were widely expressed in the normal brain, and their levels were increased in the ischemic brain, especially in the peri-ischemic lesion. Warfarin pretreatment enhanced the expression of PAR-1 and PAR-2 in the peri-ischemic lesion, whereas rivaroxaban pretreatment did not. The present study shows a lower risk of brain hemorrhage in rivaroxaban-pretreated compared with warfarin-pretreated rats following tPA administration to the ischemic brain. It is suggested that the relative downregulation of PAR-1 and PAR-2 by rivaroxaban compared with warfarin pretreatment might be partly involved in the mechanism of reduced hemorrhagic complications in patients receiving rivaroxaban in clinical trials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japanese Society of Internal Medicine Acta Medica Okayama 0918-2918 56 17 2017 Successful Delayed Aortic Surgery for a Patient with Ischemic Stroke Secondary to Aortic Dissection 2343 2346 EN Ryuta Morihara Departments of Neurology, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University Toru Yamashita Departments of Neurology, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University Kentaro Deguchi Departments of Neurology, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University, Japan Keiichiro Tsunoda Departments of Neurology, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University, Japan Yasuhiro Manabe Department of Neurology, Okayama National Hospital Medical Center, Japan Yoshiaki Takahashi Department of Neurology, Okayama National Hospital Medical Center, Japan Taijun Yunoki Departments of Neurology, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University, Japan Kota Sato Departments of Neurology, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University, Japan Yumiko Nakano Departments of Neurology, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University, Japan Syoichiro Kono Department of Neurology, Okayama National Hospital Medical Center, Japan Yasuyuki Ohta Departments of Neurology, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University, Japan Nozomi Hishikawa Departments of Neurology, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University, Japan Koji Abe Departments of Neurology, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University, Japan The diagnosis of aortic dissection (AD) is sometimes difficult within the limited time window of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for ischemic stroke (IS). A 60-year-old man developed sudden left hemiparesis due to IS. During tPA infusion, his blood pressure dropped and consciousness declined. After transfer to our hospital, carotid duplex ultrasonography led to a diagnosis of AD. Emergency surgery was postponed because of the risk of hemorrhagic transformation. The patient successfully underwent aortic surgery on day 5 and was discharged with a remarkable improvement in his symptoms. Delayed surgery may avoid hemorrhagic transformation in patients with AD-induced IS who have received tPA. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 133 2 2021 医療法人緑隆会 太田病院 129 130 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 2433-4146 53 1 2021 オーストリア帝国における民族政策論争 ―民族性原理をめぐって― 19 33 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/62263 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Acta Medica Okayama 2021 Element concentrations of chondrule constituents, supplement to: Tak Kunihiro et al. (2021): The trace element composition of chondrule constituents: Implications for sample return methodologies and the chondrule silicate reservoir. Meteorit Planet Sci EN Tak Kunihiro The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Tsutomu Ota The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Masahiro Yamanaka The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Eizo Nakamura The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University 10.18926/61900 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japanese Society of Internal Medicine Acta Medica Okayama 0918-2918 58 21 2019 Spastic Paraplegia Accompanied by Extrapyramidal Sign and Frontal Cognitive Dysfunction 3163 3165 EN Ryo Sasaki Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yasuyuki Ohta Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kota Sato Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Koh Tadokoro Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yoshiaki Takahashi Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Jingwei Shang Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Mami Takemoto Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Nozomi Hishikawa Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toru Yamashita Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Hiroyuki Ishiura Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo Hospital Shoji Tsuji Department of Molecular Neurology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan Institute of Medical Genomics, International University of Health and Welfare Koji Abe Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University A complicated form of spastic paraplegia is a neurodegenerative disorder presenting as progressive spasticity in the bilateral lower limbs accompanied by some clinical features. The present case showed spastic paralysis and hyperreflexia in all extremities as well as lead pipe rigidity in the neck and bilateral upper extremities (R < L), decreased scores on frontal cognitive tests, a decreased accumulation of the right dorsal putamen on a DAT scan, and hypoperfusion of the bilateral frontal lobes on 99mTc-ECD single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The present case provides a new spectrum of spastic paraplegia based on the evidence of clinical scores and the findings of brain functional imaging. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japanese Society of Internal Medicine Acta Medica Okayama 0918-2918 58 7 2019 Characteristic Clinical Features of Werner Syndrome with a Novel Compound Heterozygous WRN Mutation c.1720+1G>A Plus c.3139-1G>C 1033 1036 EN Namiko Matsumoto Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yasuyuki Ohta Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kentaro Deguchi Department of Neurology, Okayama Citizen's Hospital Masayuki Kishida Department of General Internal Medicine, Okayama Citizen's Hospital Kota Sato Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Jingwei Shang Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Mami Takemoto Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Nozomi Hishikawa Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toru Yamashita Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Aki Watanabe Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Koutaro Yokote Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Minoru Takemoto Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Junko Oshima Department of Pathology, University of Washington Koji Abe Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive progeroid disorder caused by mutations in the WRN gene (WRN). Most Japanese WS patients are born from a consanguineous marriage with homozygous WRN mutations. We herein report a rare WS patient born from non-consanguineous parents with compound heterozygous WRN mutations with a novel heterogeneous c.1720+1G>A substitution plus the most frequent heterogeneous c.3139-1G>C substitution among Japanese. Although the present case showed clinical characteristics common to previous Japanese WS patients, he had not developed any malignant tumors as of 43 years of age, suggesting that WS patients with this particular genetic mutation have a different phenotype than others. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japanese Society of Internal Medicine Acta Medica Okayama 0918-2918 58 3 2019 A Rare Case of Klinefelter Syndrome Accompanied by Spastic Paraplegia and Peripheral Neuropathy 437 440 EN Ryo Sasaki Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yasuyuki Ohta Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yoshiaki Takahashi Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Keiichiro Tsunoda Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Koh Tadokoro Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kota Sato Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Jingwei Shang Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Mami Takemoto Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Nozomi Hishikawa Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toru Yamashita Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Koji Abe Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosomal disorder with a typical karyotype of 47, XXY, accompanied by various neurological symptoms. We herein report the first case of Klinefelter syndrome with a rare mosaic form of 47, XXY and 48, XXXY, combined with both spastic paraplegia and peripheral motor neuropathy. This case showed spasticity and hyperreflexia with pathological reflexes and ankle clonus as well as muscle weakness in all extremities. A motor nerve conduction study and the magnetic motor evoked potential suggested motor axonal neuropathy and corticospinal tract disorders. The present case suggests that Klinefelter syndrome can present with both upper and lower motor neuron degeneration. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Japanese Society of Internal Medicine Acta Medica Okayama 0918-2918 58 8 2019 Improving Anxiety in Subacute Myelo-optico-neuropathy (SMON) after an Automated Telephone Call Service 1081 1085 EN Yasuyuki Ohta Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Nozomi Hishikawa Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kota Sato Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Mami Takemoto Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toru Yamashita Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Shinji Doutare Doutare Medical Clinic Koji Abe Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Objective We evaluated the clinical effects of a telephone call service for psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression or apathy in subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy (SMON) patients living alone or with a single caregiver. </br> Methods Up to 16 SMON patients (4 men, 12 women) and 32 control subjects were evaluated by the geriatric depression scale (GDS), apathy scale (AS) and state and trait anxiety inventory (STAI) forms X-I, including the P and A values for depression, apathy and state anxiety including disturbed peace of mind and enhanced anxiety, respectively, before (pre) and three months after (post) the telephone call service. </br> Results The SMON patients, especially women, had significantly worse baseline scores in GDS (depression), AS (apathy) and STAI (state anxiety) than control subjects. The automated telephone call service significantly improved the high baseline STAI scores, including the P and A scores (disturbed peace of mind and enhanced anxiety), of SMON patients but not the GDS or AS scores. </br> Conclusion SMON patients, especially women, living alone or with a single caregiver showed higher baseline depression, apathy and anxiety scores than the control subjects. The present automated telephone call service proved to be a useful care tool for improving the anxiety of SMON patients with high STAI P and A scores. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

IOP Press Acta Medica Okayama 1387-2877 73 1 2020 A New Serum Biomarker Set to Detect Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease by Peptidome Technology 217 227 EN Koji Abe Department of Neurology, Okayama University Jingwei Shang Department of Neurology, Okayama University Xiaowen Shi Department of Neurology, Okayama University Toru Yamashita Department of Neurology, Okayama University Nozomi Hishikawa Department of Neurology, Okayama University Mami Takemoto Department of Neurology, Okayama University Ryuta Morihara Department of Neurology, Okayama University Yumiko Nakano Department of Neurology, Okayama University Yasuyuki Ohta Department of Neurology, Okayama University Kentaro Deguchi Department of Neurology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama Masaki Ikeda Department of Neurology, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine Yoshio Ikeda Department of Neurology, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine Koichi Okamoto Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital Mikio Shoji Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital Masamitsu Takatama Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital Motohisa Kojo Department of Neurology, Ako Chuo Hospital Takeshi Kuroda Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University, School of Medicine Kenjiro Ono Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University, School of Medicine Noriyuki Kimura Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University Etsuro Matsubara Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University Yosuke Osakada Department of Neurology, Kurashiki Heisei Hospital Yosuke Wakutani Department of Neurology, Kurashiki Heisei Hospital Yoshiki Takao Department of Neurology, Kurashiki Heisei Hospital Yasuto Higashi Department of Neurology, Himeji Central Hospital Kyoichi Asada Membrane Protein and Ligand Analysis Center, Protosera Inc., Takehito Senga Membrane Protein and Ligand Analysis Center, Protosera Inc., Lyang-Ja Lee Membrane Protein and Ligand Analysis Center, Protosera Inc., Kenji Tanaka Membrane Protein and Ligand Analysis Center, Protosera Inc., Background:</br> Because dementia is an emerging problem in the world, biochemical markers of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and radio-isotopic analyses are helpful for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although blood sample is more feasible and plausible than CSF or radiological biomarkers for screening potential AD, measurements of serum amyloid- β (Aβ), plasma tau, and serum antibodies for Aβ1 - 42 are not yet well established.</br> Objective:</br> We aimed to identify a new serum biomarker to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD in comparison to cognitively healthy control by a new peptidome technology.</br> Methods:</br> With only 1.5μl of serum, we examined a new target plate “BLOTCHIP®” plus a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) to discriminate control (n = 100), MCI (n = 60), and AD (n = 99). In some subjects, cognitive Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were compared to positron emission tomography (PET) with Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) and the serum probability of dementia (SPD). The mother proteins of candidate serum peptides were examined in autopsied AD brains.</br> Results:</br> Apart from Aβ or tau, the present study discovered a new diagnostic 4-peptides-set biomarker for discriminating control, MCI, and AD with 87% of sensitivity and 65% of specificity between control and AD (***p < 0.001). MMSE score was well correlated to brain Aβ deposition and to SPD of AD. The mother proteins of the four peptides were upregulated for coagulation, complement, and plasticity (three proteins), and was downregulated for anti-inflammation (one protein) in AD brains.</br> Conclusion:</br> The present serum biomarker set provides a new, rapid, non-invasive, highly quantitative and low-cost clinical application for dementia screening, and also suggests an alternative pathomechanism of AD for neuroinflammation and neurovascular unit damage. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier Acta Medica Okayama 1387-1811 304 2020 Mineralogical alterations in calcite powder flooded with MgCl2 to study Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) mechanisms at pore scale 109402 EN Mona W. Minde The National IOR Centre of Norway Merete V. Madland The National IOR Centre of Norway Udo Zimmermann The National IOR Centre of Norway Nina Egeland The National IOR Centre of Norway Reidar I. Korsnes The National IOR Centre of Norway Eizo Nakamura Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Katsura Kobayashi Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Tsutomu Ota Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Seawater injection into chalk-reservoirs on the Norwegian Continental Shelf has increased the oil recovery and reduced seabed subsidence, but not eliminated it. Therefore, understanding rock–fluid interactions is paramount to optimize water injection, predict and control water-induced compaction.</br> Laboratory experiments on onshore and reservoir chalks have shown the need to simplify the aqueous chemistry of the brine, and also the importance of studying the effect of primary mineralogy of chalk to understand which ions interact with the minerals present. In this study, the mineralogy of the samples tested, are simplified. These experiments are carried out on pure calcite powder (99.95%), compressed to cylinders, flooded with MgCl2, at 130 °C and 0.5 MPa effective stress, for 27 and 289 days.</br> The tested material was analysed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, along with whole-rock geochemistry. The results show dissolution of calcite followed by precipitation of magnesite. The occurrence and shape of new-grown crystals depend on flooding time and distance from the flooding inlet of the cylinder. Crystals vary in shape and size, from a few nanometres up to 2 μm after 27 days, and to over 10 μm after 289 days of flooding and may crystallize as a single grain or in clusters.</br> The population and distribution of new-grown minerals are found to be controlled by nucleation- and growth-rates along with advection of the injected fluid through the cores. Our findings are compared with in-house experiments on chalks, and allow for insight of where, when, and how crystals preferentially grow. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Nature Research Acta Medica Okayama 2045-2322 10 1 2020 Therapeutic benefit of Muse cells in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 17102 EN Toru Yamashita Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshihiro Kushida Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Shohei Wakao Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Koh Tadokoro Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Emi Nomura Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshio Omote Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Mami Takemoto Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nozomi Hishikawa Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasuyuki Ohta Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Mari Dezawa Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Koji Abe Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor neuron loss. Muse cells are endogenous reparative pluripotent-like stem cells distributed in various tissues. They can selectively home to damaged sites after intravenous injection by sensing sphingosine-1-phosphate produced by damaged cells, then exert pleiotropic effects, including tissue protection and spontaneous differentiation into tissue-constituent cells. In G93A-transgenic ALS mice, intravenous injection of 5.0x10(4) cells revealed successful homing of human-Muse cells to the lumbar spinal cords, mainly at the pia-mater and underneath white matter, and exhibited glia-like morphology and GFAP expression. In contrast, such homing or differentiation were not recognized in human mesenchymal stem cells but were instead distributed mainly in the lung. Relative to the vehicle groups, the Muse group significantly improved scores in the rotarod, hanging-wire and muscle strength of lower limbs, recovered the number of motor neurons, and alleviated denervation and myofiber atrophy in lower limb muscles. These results suggest that Muse cells homed in a lesion site-dependent manner and protected the spinal cord against motor neuron death. Muse cells might also be a promising cell source for the treatment of ALS patients. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学言語国語国文学研究室 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3123 1 1973 「古今・後拾遺・千載・新古今」四歌集の序に見られる訓点特有語の研究 111 127 EN 10.18926/okadaironkou/60752 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学文学部国語国文学研究室 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3123 10 1982 昔話についての手控え数件――西行話・たとへづくし・その他―― 78 86 EN 10.18926/okadaironkou/60663 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学文学部国語国文学研究室 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3123 10 1982 『東大寺図書館蔵法華論義草』の出典――経の部―― 17 27 EN 10.18926/okadaironkou/60658 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学文学部国語国文学研究室 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3123 11 1983 『東大寺図書館蔵法華論義草』の出典―論の部― 1 15 EN 10.18926/okadaironkou/60621 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学文学部国語国文学研究室 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3123 12 1984 三宝絵（上十二）と出典の文章 15 26 EN 10.18926/okadaironkou/60576 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学文学部言語国語国文学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3123 31 2003 『あひゞき』ロシア語原文と二葉亭四迷訳旧稿新稿との記号の比較 229 219 EN 10.18926/okadaironkou/60157 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

BMC Acta Medica Okayama 1471-2466 20 1 2020 Recovery from hypoxemia and Hypercapnia following noninvasive pressure support ventilation in a patient with statin-associated necrotizing myopathy: a case report 156 EN Yuriko Yamamura Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yoshinori Matsumoto Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Koh Tadokoro Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasuyuki Ohta Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kota Sato Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toru Yamashita Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masahiro Yamamura Center for Rheumatology, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital Ken-Ei Sada Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Koji Abe Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jun Wada Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background: Statin-associated necrotizing myopathy (SANM) is a rare autoimmune disorder caused by administration of statins. SANM is characterized by weakness due to necrosis and regeneration of myofibers. Here we report the first case of SANM with acute respiratory failure treated with noninvasive pressure support ventilation in addition to immunosuppressants. <br/> Case presentation: A 59-year-old woman who had been treated with 2.5 mg/day of rosuvastatin calcium for 5 years stopped taking the drug 4 months before admission to our hospital due to elevation of creatine kinase (CK). Withdrawal of rosuvastatin for 1 month did not decrease the level of CK, and she was admitted to our hospital due to the development of muscle weakness of her neck and bilateral upper extremities. Anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase antibodies were positive. Magnetic resonance imaging showed myositis, and muscle biopsy from the right biceps brachii muscle showed muscle fiber necrosis and regeneration without inflammatory cell infiltration, suggesting SANM. After the diagnosis, she received methylprednisolone pulse therapy (mPSL, 1 g/day × 3 days, twice) and subsequent oral prednisolone therapy (PSL, 30 mg/day for 1 month, 25 mg/day for 1 month and 22.5 mg/day for 1 month), leading to improvement of her muscle weakness. One month after the PSL tapering to 20 mg/day, her muscle weakness deteriorated with oxygen desaturation (SpO2: 93% at room air) due to hypoventilation caused by weakness of respiratory muscles. BIPAP was used for the management of acute respiratory failure in combination with IVIG (20 g/day × 5 days) followed by mPSL pulse therapy (1 g/day × 3 days), oral PSL (30 mg/day × 3 weeks, then tapered to 25 mg/day) and tacrolimus (3 mg/day). Twenty-seven days after the start of BIPAP, she was weaned from BIPAP with improvement of muscle weakness, hypoxemia and hypercapnia. After she achieved remission with improvement of muscle weakness and reduction of serum CK level to a normal level, the dose of oral prednisolone was gradually tapered to 12.5 mg/day without relapse for 3 months. <br/> Conclusions: Our report provides new insights into the role of immunosuppressants and biphasic positive airway pressure for induction of remission in patients with SANM. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI Acta Medica Okayama 1422-0067 21 6 2020 Prevention of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease by Novel Antioxidative Supplements 1974 EN Koh Tadokoro Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yasuyuki Ohta Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Haruhiko Inufusa Division of Anti-Oxidant Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University Alan Foo Nyuk Loon Hovid Berhad Koji Abe Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) from its prodromal stage of mild cognitive impairment. There is an interplay between oxidative stress and the amyloid beta (A beta) cascade via various mechanisms including mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, glycoxidation, deoxyribonucleotide acid damage, altered antioxidant defense, impaired amyloid clearance, inflammation and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Based on findings that indicate that oxidative stress plays a major role in AD, oxidative stress has been considered as a therapeutic target of AD. In spite of favorable preclinical study outcomes, previous antioxidative components, including a single antioxidative supplement such as vitamin C, vitamin E or their mixtures, did not clearly show any therapeutic effect on cognitive decline in AD. However, novel antioxidative supplements can be beneficial for AD patients. In this review, we summarize the interplay between oxidative stress and the A beta cascade, and introduce novel antioxidative supplements expected to prevent cognitive decline in AD. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 2433-4146 51 2-3 2020 エドゥアルト・ベルンシュタイン 「オスカール・ヤーシ著『マジャルの罪，ハンガリーの償い : ハンガリーにおける革命と反革命』への序文」 131 137 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/58076 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 0386-2208 95 4 2019 Hypervelocity collision and water-rock interaction in space preserved in the Chelyabinsk ordinary chondrite 165 177 EN Eizo Nakamura The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Tak Kunihiro The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Tsutomu Ota The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Chie Sakaguchi The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Ryoji Tanaka The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Hiroshi Kitagawa Okayama Univ, Inst Planetary Mat, Pheast Mem Lab Geochem & Cosmochem Katsura Kobayashi The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Masahiro Yamanaka The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Yuri Shimaki The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Gray E. Bebout The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Hitoshi Miura Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University Tetsuo Yamamoto Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University Vladimir Malkovets The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Victor Grokhovsky Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University Olga Koroleva Institute of Mineralogy, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences South-Ural State University Konstantin Litasov V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences A comprehensive geochemical study of the Chelyabinsk meteorite reveals further details regarding its history of impact-related fragmentation and melting, and later aqueous alteration, during its transit toward Earth. We support an similar to 30 Ma age obtained by Ar-Ar method (Beard et al., 2014) for the impact-related melting, based on Rb-Sr isotope analyses of a melt domain. An irregularly shaped olivine with a distinct 0 isotope composition in a melt domain appears to be a fragment of a silicate-rich impactor. Hydrogen and Li concentrations and isotopic compositions, textures of Fe oxyhydroxides, and the presence of organic materials located in fractures, are together consistent with aqueous alteration, and this alteration could have pre-dated interaction with the Earth's atmosphere. As one model, we suggest that hypervelocity capture of the impact-related debris by a comet nucleus could have led to shock-wave-induced supercritical aqueous fluids dissolving the silicate, metallic, and organic matter, with later ice sublimation yielding a rocky rubble pile sampled by the meteorite. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 2049-4173 7 5 2019 Late presented congenital myasthenic syndrome with novel compound heterozygous CHRNE mutations mimicking seronegative myasthenia gravis 288 290 EN Yumiko Nakano Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Keiichiro Tsunoda Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toru Yamashita Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jun Mitsui Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kota Sato Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Mami Takemoto Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nozomi Hishikawa Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasuyuki Ohta Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tatsushi Toda Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Shoji Tsuji Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Koji Abe Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences We found a late presented congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) patient with novel CHRNE gene mutations. Although our patient has shown blepharoptosis since youth, fatigable muscle weakness began at age 71. Genetic analysis revealed novel compound heterozygous CHRNE mutations (c.1032+2T>G, c.1306_1307 delGA). His myasthenic symptoms were well managed by oral anti‐cholinesterase drug until he died at 82‐year‐old. The present case showed mild myasthenic symptoms with very late presentation and slow progression. Late presented CMS is often underdiagnosed; therefore, genetic testing is important to distinguish it from other myasthenic disease. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 0360-4012 97 5 2018 Enhanced oxidative stress and the treatment by edaravone in mice model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 607 609 EN Yasuyuki Ohta Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Emi Nomura Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Jingwei Shang Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Tian Feng Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yong Huang Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Xia Liu Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Xiaowen Shi Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yumiko Nakano Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Nozomi Hishikawa Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kota Sato Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Mami Takemoto Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toru Yamashita Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Koji Abe Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Oxidative stress is associated with the degeneration of both motor neurons and skeletal muscles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A free radical scavenger edaravone has been proven as a therapeutic drug for ALS patients, but the neuroprotective mechanism for the oxidative stress of ALS has not been fully investigated. In this study, we investigated oxidative stress in ALS model mice bearing both oxidative stress sensor nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and G93A-human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Nrf2/G93A) treated by edaravone. In vivo Nrf2 imaging analysis showed the accelerated oxidative stress both in spinal motor neurons and lower limb muscles of Nrf2/G93A mice according to disease progression in addition to the enhancement of serum oxidative stress marker dROMS. These were significantly alleviated by edaravone treatment accompanied by clinical improvements (rotarod test). The present study suggests that in vivo optical imaging of Nrf2 is useful for detecting oxidative stress in ALS, and edaravone alleviates the degeneration of both motor neurons and muscles related to oxidative stress in ALS patients. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 2049-4173 7 3 2019 Very rare solitary primary peripheral nerve onset cytotoxic molecule-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) 146 149 EN Namiko Matsumoto Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kota Sato Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yoshiaki Takahashi Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yuko Kawahara Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Taijun Yunoki Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Jingwei Shang Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Mami Takemoto Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Nozomi Hishikawa Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yasuyuki Ohta Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toru Yamashita Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Maiko Sakamoto Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Eisei Kondou Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Rei Shibata Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Tadashi Yoshino Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toshifumi Ozaki Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Koji Abe Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Here we present the first report of solitary primary peripheral nerve onset cytotoxic molecule (CM)-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) diagnosed after nerve biopsy. An 84-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) complained of asymmetric severe tenderness in her upper limbs. The biopsy pathology revealed a direct invasion of CM-positive PTCL. When RA patients complain of numbness, tenderness, or weakness, lymphomatic peripheral nerve invasion should be considered. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

NPG Acta Medica Okayama 2045-2322 9 1 2019 In vivo direct reprogramming of glial linage to mature neurons after cerebral ischemia 10956 EN Toru Yamashita Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jingwei Shang Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yumiko Nakano Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ryuta Morihara Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kota Sato Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Mami Takemoto Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nozomi Hishikawa Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yasuyuki Ohta Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Koji Abe Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences The therapeutic effect of in vivo direct reprogramming on ischemic stroke has not been evaluated. In the present study, a retroviral solution (1.5-2.0 × 107 /ul) of mock pMX-GFP (n = 13) or pMX-Ascl1/Sox2/NeuroD1 (ASN) (n = 14) was directly injected into the ipsilateral striatum and cortex 3 days after 30 min of transient cerebral ischemia. The reprogrammed cells first expressed neuronal progenitor marker Dcx 7 and 21 days after viral injection, then expressed mature neuronal marker NeuN. This was accompanied by morphological changes, including long processes and synapse-like structures, 49 days after viral injection. Meanwhile, therapeutic improvement was not detected both in clinical scores or infarct volume. The present study provides a future novel self-repair strategy for ischemic stroke with beneficial modifications of the inducer-suppressor balance. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 2049-4173 7 3 2018 Multi‐modal combination therapy rescued a frequent ischemic stroke patient due to giant cell arteritis 132 135 EN Yoshiaki Takahashi Departments of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science Kota Sato Departments of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science Namiko Matsumoto Departments of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science Yuko Kawahara Departments of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science Taijun Yunoki Departments of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science Jingwei Shang Departments of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science Mami Takemoto Departments of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science Nozomi Hishikawa Departments of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science Yasuyuki Ohta Departments of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science Toru Yamashita Departments of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science Koji Abe Departments of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science Ischemic stroke (IS) due to giant cell arteritis (GCA) is rare, but highly mortal. Here, we report a 72-year-old man who showed frequent IS with GCA. Initial therapy with prednisolone increased the frequency of IS, which disappeared after continuous multi-modal combination therapy with corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, antiplatelets, and statin. The present case was discharged with independent walk, suggesting that a multi-modal combination therapy rescued the GCA patient from frequent IS. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

IOS Press Acta Medica Okayama 1387-2877 71 1 2019 Clinical and Pathological Benefits of Edaravone for Alzheimer's Disease with Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion in a Novel Mouse Model 327 339 EN Tian Feng Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toru Yamashita Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Jingwei Shang Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Xiaowen Shi Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yumiko Nakano Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Ryuta Morihara Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Keiichiro Tsunoda Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Emi Nomura Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Ryo Sasaki Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Koh Tadokoro Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Namiko Matsumoto Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Nozomi Hishikawa Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yasuyuki Ohta Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Koji Abe Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) often coexist in dementia patients in aging societies. The hallmarks of AD including amyloid-β (Aβ)/phosphorylated tau (pTau) and pathology-related events such as neural oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play critical roles in pathogenesis of AD with CCH. A large number of lessons from failures of drugs targeting a single target or pathway on this so complicated disease indicate that disease-modifying therapies targeting multiple key pathways hold potent potential in therapy of the disease. In the present study, we used a novel mouse model of AD with CCH to investigate a potential therapeutic effect of a free radical scavenger, Edaravone (EDA) on AD with CCH via examining motor and cognitive capacity, AD hallmarks, neural oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Compared with AD with CCH mice at 12 months of age, EDA significantly improved motor and cognitive deficits, attenuated neuronal loss, reduced Aβ/pTau accumulation, and alleviated neural oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. These findings suggest that EDA possesses clinical and pathological benefits for AD with CCH in the present mouse model and has a potential as a therapeutic agent for AD with CCH via targeting multiple key pathways of the disease pathogenesis. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier Acta Medica Okayama 0016-7037 252 2019 Lithium- and oxygen-isotope compositions of chondrule constituents in the Allende meteorite 107 125 EN Takuya Kunihiro The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Tsutomu Ota The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Eizo Nakamura The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University We report in situ ion-microprobe analyses of Li- and O-isotope compositions for olivine, low-Ca pyroxene, high-Ca pyroxene, and chondrule mesostasis/plagioclase in nine chondrules from the Allende CV3 chondrite. Based on their mineralogy and O-isotope compositions, we infer that the chondrule mesostasis/plagioclase and ferroan olivine rims were extensively modified or formed during metasomatic alteration and metamorphism on the Allende parent asteroid. We excluded these minerals in order to determine the correlations between Li and both O and the chemical compositions of olivines and low-Ca pyroxenes in the chondrules and their igneous rims. Based on the O-isotope composition of the olivines, nine chondrules were divided into three groups. Average Δ17O of olivines (Fo>65) in group 1 and 2 chondrules are −5.3 ± 0.4 and −6.2 ± 0.4‰, respectively. Group 3 chondrules are characterized by the presence of 16O-rich relict grains and the Δ17O of their olivines range from −23.7 to −6.2‰. In group 1 olivines, as Fa content increases, variation of δ7Li becomes smaller and δ7Li approaches the whole-rock value (2.4‰; Seitz et al., 2012), suggesting nearly complete Li-isotope equilibration. In group 2 and 3 olivines, variation of δ7Li is limited even with a significant range of Fa content. We conclude that Li-isotope compositions of olivine in group 1 chondrules were modified not by an asteroidal process but by an igneous-rim formation process, thus chondrule olivines retained Li-isotope compositions acquired in the protosolar nebula. In olivines of the group 3 chondrule PO-8, we observed a correlation between O and Li isotopes: In relict 16O-rich olivine grains with Δ17O of ∼−25 to −20‰, δ7Li ranges from −23 to −3‰; in olivine grains with Δ17O > −20‰, δ7Li is nearly constant (−8 ± 4‰). Based on the Li-isotope composition of low-Ca pyroxenes, which formed from melt during the crystallization of host chondrules and igneous rims, the existence of a gaseous reservoir with a δ7Li ∼ −11‰ is inferred. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier Acta Medica Okayama 10523057 28 10 2019 Twendee X Ameliorates Phosphorylated Tau, α-Synuclein and Neurovascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease Transgenic Mice With Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion 104310 EN Xia Liu Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toru Yamashita Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Jingwei Shang Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Xiaowen Shi Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Ryuta Morihara Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yong Huang Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kota Sato Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Mami Takemoto Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Nozomi Hishikawa Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yasuyuki Ohta Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Koji Abe Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University BACKGROUND:<br/> The pathological impact of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) on Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of CCH on an AD mouse model in phosphorylated tau and α-synuclein pathology, neurovascular unit, cerebrovascular remodeling, and neurovascular trophic coupling. Moreover, examined protective effect of a new antioxidant Twendee X (TwX).<br/> METHODS:<br/> APP23 mice were implanted to bilateral common carotid arteries stenosis with ameroid constrictors to gradually decrease the cerebral blood flow. The effects of the administration of TwX were evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis and Immunofluorescent histochemistry.<br/> RESULTS:<br/> The present study revealed that the expressions of phospho-tau and phospho-α-synuclein were significantly increased in the APP23 + CCH mice group as compared with wild type and APP23 mice groups (*P < .05 and ⁎⁎P < .01 versus WT; #P < .05 and ##P < .01 versus APP23). In addition, CCH significantly exacerbated MMP-9 activation relating to blood-brain barrier destruction (⁎⁎P < .01 versus WT; #P < .05, and ##P < .01 versus APP23), enhanced neurovascular remodeling, and impaired a neurovascular trophic coupling in the vascular endothelial BDNF expression of the APP23 + CCH group. TwX treatment (20 mg/kg/day, from 4.5 to 12 months) significantly reduced tau and α-synuclein pathologies, ameliorated neurovascular dysfunction compared with APP23 + CCH group.<br/> CONCLUSIONS:<br/> Our findings indicate that administration of a new antioxidative mixture TwX substantially reduced the above neuropathologic abnormalities, suggesting a potential therapeutic benefit of TwX for AD with CCH. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier Acta Medica Okayama 10523057 28 7 2019 Clinical and Pathological Benefit of Twendee X in Alzheimer's Disease Transgenic Mice with Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion 1993 2002 EN Xia Liu Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toru Yamashita Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Jingwei Shang Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Xiaowen Shi Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Ryuta Morihara Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yong Huang Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kota Sato Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Mami Takemoto Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Nozomi Hishikawa Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yasuyuki Ohta Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Koji Abe Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University BACKGROUND:<br/> Multiple pathogeneses are involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as amyloid-β accumulation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. The pathological impact of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion on Alzheimer's disease is still poorly understood.<br/> METHODS:<br/> APP23 mice were implanted to bilateral common carotid arteries stenosis with ameroid constrictors for slowly progressive chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). The effects of the administration of Twendee X (TwX) were evaluated by behavioral analysis, immunohistochemical analysis, and immunofluorescent histochemistry.<br/> RESULTS:<br/> In the present study, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, which is commonly found in aged Alzheimer's disease, significantly exacerbated motor dysfunction of APP23 mice from 5 months and cognitive deficit from 8 months of age, as well as neuronal loss, extracellular amyloid-β plaque and intracellular oligomer formations, and amyloid angiopathy at 12 months. Severe upregulations of oxidative markers and inflammatory markers were found in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus at 12 months. Twendee X treatment (20 mg/kg/d, from 4.5 to 12 months) substantially rescued the cognitive deficit and reduced the above amyloid-β pathology and neuronal loss, alleviated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.<br/> CONCLUSIONS:<br/> The present findings suggested a potential therapeutic benefit of Twendee X for Alzheimer's disease with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier Acta Medica Okayama 0022510X 400 2019 A unique Japanese CPEO family with a novel homozygous m.14819 T > G (p. S25A) substitution 145 147 EN Emi Nomura Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yasuyuki Ohta Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Koh Tadokoro Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kota Sato Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Ryo Sasaki Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yoshiaki Takahashi Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Toru Yamashita Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Mami Takemoto Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Nozomi Hishikawa Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yu-ichi Goto Medical Genome Center (MGC), Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience (NIN), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Koji Abe Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier Acta Medica Okayama 03019268 334 2019 Tourmaline in a Mesoarchean pelagic hydrothermal system: Implications for the habitat of early life 105475 EN Tsutomu Ota Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Yuhei Aihara Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University Shoichi Kiyokawa Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University Ryoji Tanaka Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University Eizo Nakamura The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University The RNA World hypothesis requires the synthesis of RNA to allow the emergence of life on Earth. Hydrothermal systems have been proposed as potential candidates for constructing complex biomolecules. However, in order to successfully form RNA, it is necessary to stabilize ribose, a RNA carbohydrate component. Borate has been found to stabilize ribose. Therefore, boron rich hydrothermal systems are important environments concerning the origin of life on Earth. <br/> The 3.2-Ga Dixon Island Formation of the West Pilbara Superterrane, Western Australia, is a volcano-sedimentary sequence. The Formation represents a Mesoarchean pelagic hydrothermal system, which formed adjacent to an immature island arc. Fine-grained tourmaline, in addition to biogenic carbonaceous matter and spherulitic and tubular bacteriomorphs, are found in black chert. A boron-rich environment was responsible for the formation of these deposits. To explore the implications of such a boron enriched environment on microbial activity, modes of occurrence and chemical compositions of the tourmaline were examined. <br/> The tourmaline is schorl or dravite of the alkali tourmaline group and the boron isotope compositions range in δ11B from -7.3 to +2.6‰. The tourmaline occurs in microcrystalline quartz matrix of black chert veins that cross cut a volcanic unit and also in a bedded black chert, which overlays the volcanic unit. The volcanic unit contains highly altered zones with hydrothermal veins. The associated lithologic and stratigraphic features suggest that the black chert veins were the conduits for upward moving hydrothermal fluids, which reached the sea floor. Subsequently, the volcanic unit was covered by organic matter-rich cherty sediments that in part were fed, and/or altered, by the hydrothermal fluids. <br/> These results suggest that the origin of boron enrichment to form Dixon Island tourmaline is not the associated sedimentary mineral assemblage, which includes diagenetic clay, low-grade metamorphic mica, and organic matter. Instead, the tourmaline was directly precipitated from hydrothermal fluid, enriched in boron. Furthermore, the hydrothermal fluids had already concentrated the boron, in the Mesoarchean pelagic system, prior to the apex of organic matter production and microbial activity. Our findings support a hypothesis that the boron-enriched hydrothermal environment aided the survival and evolution of early life. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 2433-4146 51 1 2019 変革主体論から見たマルクスの革命論とマルクス主義の革命論 : 発展？ それとも 歪曲？ 1 18 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/56909 1. Diffusion of Marxism and inflation of the concept “proletariat”</br> The concept of “proletariat” is the central concept of Marxism. However, its content varies according to times and regions. For Marx and Engels, proletarias are workers who work in the capitalist large industries, they overthrow the rule of capitalists through the revolution and are the subjects of the construction of society in the future. Kautsky put workers in small factories and small farmers into the category of proletariat. Lenin overestimated capitalist development in Russia and included farmers without horses into proletariat. In Mao Zedong, agricultural workers, rumpen, handmade workers, peasants, clerks and peddlers are also allowed to participate in the revolution. The concept of proletariat is inflated. As the region moves away from the center of the world system, the scope of participants in the revolution has been expanded.</br> 2. “Proletariat” in Marx’s view on social development</br> In Marx, proletariat is given a privileged position as a revolutionary subject in the capitalist society. In the “formulation” of historical materialism, modern bourgeois society is given a privileged position in human history. Proletariat is privileged in dual sense. In this formulation, there is no social antagonism in the future society that Marx believes. This future society should be called a “community without law and state”. It is recognized that the development of capitalist production increases the number of workers and the ordinary electoral system increases possibilities of acquiring a working-class regime. Still, Capital insists that the revolution is inevitable. Marx and Engels never abandoned “revolutionism” throughout their lives.</br> 3. Marx’s revolutionary strategy and British working class</br> For Marx and Engels, England is a typical country of capitalistic development, giving models to other countries.However, the English working class in the mid-19th century was not “revolutionary”. The English labor movement during this period had been internalized under the guidance of the “labor aristocrat”. Working class was integrated as “nation”. While cooperating with the reformists politically, Marx was argueing revolutionism in scientific books. While cooperating with the reformists politically, Marx was advocating revolutionism in Capital. In modern bourgeois society, it is usual that labor classes are integrated into a system as “nation” and labor movement is to become reformistic, but Marx could not analyze this situation as a problem of upper structure of capitalism in general. In England Marx cooperated with the reformist labor movement, but could not abandon his revolutionism.</br> 4. Reform Movement and Revolutionism: German Revisionism Controversy and Russian Party Organization Controversy</br> At the German Social Democratic Party, there was coexistence of reformistic practice and ideology of revolutionism. Kautsky was a personal expression of this coexistence. He adhered to revolutionism, but acknowledged that socialist consciousness was brought into labor movement from the outside historically. Bernstein claimed that revolutionism is an obstacle to workers’ reform movement. In the controversy concerning the organization of the Russian Social Democratic Party, from the standpoint of revolutionalism, Lenin argued that “external injection” is necessary because the workers’ reform movement and the revolutionary socialist movement are not directly connected. The revolutionary forces are not necessarily the product of the capitalist big industry. Those who have abilities to resist the capitalist system, they can participate in the socialist revolution through the “external injection” of the revolutionary party. It can be said that the logic of “external injection” made it possible to disseminate Marxism to the semi-periphery and periphery.</br> 5. Conclusion</br> The Marxist revolution theory is understood as the theory of “revolution of developed countryies”. This is because it assumes the proletariat produced by the capitalist big industry as the revolutionary subject. In the case of Marx, its understanding is correct. However, the successful acquisition of the regime by the Marxist was in “backward countries”. It can be said that the key to solving this paradox was in the unreality of the concept of “proletariat” at the core of Marx’s revolutionism. Marx’s “proletariat” has no realities in the working class in center of modern capitalit world system （“developed capitalist countries”）. On the other hand, various anti-systemic forces were formed as a revolutionary subject entity or “proletariat” by “external injection” of the revolutionary parties in semi-periphery and periphery （the “backward areas”）. Rosa Luxemburg called as “clique management （Cliquenwirtschaft）” the regime that such forces could aquire. Under the “clique management” system, people remained in the object of governance and never became the subject. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 2433-4146 50 3 2019 カール・レンナーの属人的民族的自治論と二元的連邦国家構想 25 38 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/56485 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 2433-4146 50 1 2018 カール・カウツキー「オーストリアにおける危機」 91 103 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/56086 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 2433-4146 49 3 2018 カール・カウツキー「オーストリア社会民主党の綱領の修正」 227 237 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/55754 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 2433-4146 49 2 2018 カール・カウツキー「オーストリアにおける諸民族集団の闘争と国法」 109 124 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/55679 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 2433-4146 49 1 2017 カール・カウツキー「近代の民族集団」 117 137 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/55234 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 129 1 2017 40年経過した食道アカラシア術後の食道拡張・下部食道狭窄症に 対して胸腔鏡下食道亜全摘が著効した1例 41 44 EN Yuki Katsura Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Yasuhiro Shirakawa Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Shunsuke Tanabe Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Naomi Maeda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Kazuhiro Noma Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital When planning surgery for achalasia, it is important to plan for adequate myotomy and prevention of reflux. However, achalasia may recur if the procedure was inadequate or in patients with a long-term course. The present case is a 68-year-old woman who underwent myotomy of the lower esophageal sphincter 40 years ago, but recently reported difficulty in swallowing. Dilatation of the thoracic esophagus and stenosis of the abdominal esophagus were identified by examination, and the patient was diagnosed with recurrence of achalasia. After percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was performed to recover nutritional status, thoracoscopic esophagectomy was carried out. The patient'spost-operative course was uneventful and oral intake was enabled. At the time of writing, there has been no re-recurrence. There is no standard therapy for post-operative recurrence of achalasia. We believe that thoracoscopic esophagectomy for the recurrence of achalasia is a safe and minimally invasive alternative to conventional surgery. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 128 3 2016 3 年間の内視鏡所見の変化を観察できた食道異所性皮脂腺の1 例 201 205 EN Masaya Iwamuro Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Okada Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Keita Harada Department of Endoscopy, Okayama University Hospital Hiromitsu Kanzaki Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Keisuke Hori Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masahide Kita Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Seiji Kawano Department of Endoscopy, Okayama University Hospital Yoshiro Kawahara Department of Endoscopy, Okayama University Hospital Takehiro Tanaka Department of Pathology, Okayama University Hospital Kazuhide Yamamoto Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences A 43-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed with ectopic sebaceous glands in the esophagus by esophagogastroduodenoscopy and biopsy. At the age of 46, typical ectopic sebaceous glands were recognized in the upper esophagus, whereas yellowish white granules were faintly observed in the lower esophagus. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy examinations were repeated when she was 47 and again at 50 years old, and the lesions in the lower esophagus had become more evident over the ensuing 3 years. Esophageal ectopic sebaceous glands are relatively infrequent, and there have been few case reports describing the progression of the endoscopic features. We also report the clinical and endoscopic features of the five similar cases with pathologically proven ectopic sebaceous glands in the esophagus. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 128 1 2016 薬物相互作用 (35―オピオイド鎮痛薬の薬物相互作用） 53 59 EN Hikaru Sada Makoto Kajizono Yoshihisa Kitamura Toshiaki Sendo No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 128 1 2016 原発性十二指腸粘液癌の一例― 本邦報告16例の検討― 21 25 EN Ikumi Hamano Yusuke Matsumoto Yoshikatsu Endo Naoki Watanabe Kyouhei Kai Shizou Sato Yoji Wani 　Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the duodenum is rare. Here we report a case we recently encountered, and we review 16 cases reported in Japan. An 82-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of abdominal pain and heartburn. An endoscopic examination revealed a Type 2 tumor in the descending limb of the duodenum, and endoscopically obtained specimens revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. We performed a curative pancreatoduodenectomy with lymph node resection, and the surgical specimen revealed that the duodenum was the primary site of the mucinous adenocarcinoma. The patient is currently alive ＞ 1 year after the operation without any evidence of recurrence. Of the 16 patients reviewed, all patients had advanced tumors those depth were T3-T4. 9 patients had lymph node metastasis and 4 patients had peritoneal dissemination at the time of surgery. Since mucinous adenocarcinoma of the duodenum is often progressive cancer at a diagnosis, which is tend to have a worse prognosis than other histological types. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2014 問題解決過程におけるメタ認知の役割とその基礎科学問題解法への応用に関する研究 EN Yukio Ota No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 126 3 2014 岡山県下のクリニック・診療所におけるリウマチ診療・病診連携の実態に関する研究 209 215 EN Ken-ei Sada Keiichiro Nishida Takao Yamanaka Kenta Misaki Hiroshi Wakabayashi Junko Shinoda Toru Takagi Ryusuke Yano Akihiko Nakamura Yoshifumi Nanba Yoshitaka Morita Yoshinobu Koyama Keiji Yamamoto Kazuhiko Ezawa Yusuke Ota Yoshiki Yoshihara Shinya Miyoshi Masamitsu Natsumeda Masaaki Usui Yasuhiko Yoshinaga Takashi Hayashi Masahiro Yamamura Hiroyuki Hashizume Objective: To survey the current status and problems of cooperation between clinics and hospitals in Okayama Prefecture, Japan for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 　Methods: We distributed a questionnaire to 300 of the 983 Okayama Prefecture clinics that had either an internal medicine or orthopedic surgery department, from December 2013 to February 2014. The questionnaire covered practice pattern for RA treatment in clinics, current status of the hospital and clinic cooperation, and acceptance of the biologic therapy. 　Results: One hundred clinics responded to the questionnaire. Seventy percent of the clinics reported making referrals to rheumatologists before the initiation of RA treatment, and half of the other 30% of the clinics administered methotrexate as the first-line treatment for RA by their own decision. Sixty-six clinics cooperated with flagship hospitals, conducting medical and laboratory examinations, providing prescriptions, and treating common diseases of patients. These clinics expected the cooperating rheumatologists to follow-up patients every 3 to 6 months and to make the diagnosis, make decisions regarding RA treatment changes, and perform surgery. Seventy-one percent of the clinics responded that cooperation with a hospital is possible even for patients who are administered biologics. As reasons for no cooperation with the flagship hospitals, clinics noted the lack of information about rheumatologists in the area and recent trends in the management of RA. 　Conclusion: The current study reported, for the first time, the actual conditions of management of RA in clinics, as well as future problems of hospital and clinic cooperation in Okayama Prefecture. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 126 2 2014 直腸腫瘍を契機に発見された無症状の成人右側Bochdalek孔ヘルニアの１例 137 141 EN Hiroshi Kato Masahiro Oishi Masahito Kodera Masao Yamamura Hideaki Ikeda Kenji Mizuno Yutaka Yamashita Kazunori Suzuki 　We encountered a patient with an adult Bochdalek hernia discovered asymptomatically. A 77-year-old Japanese woman visited a local clinic with chief complaints of melena and difficulty in defecation. Based on the results of the detailed examination in our hospital, she was diagnosed with a rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with a concurrent asymptomatic adult right-sided Bochdalek hernia. Because the tumor was large, laparoscopic abdominoperineal rectal amputation was performed after systemic imatinib therapy. During the surgery, we found a right diaphragmatic defect more than 13cm in long dia., through which the right hepatic lobe, colon, and greater omentum had prolapsed into the right thoracic cavity. No visceral adhesions were noted. No hernia sac was observed. Adult Bochdalek hernia is a relatively rare condition, and only three (incidentally discovered) cases of asymptomatic Bochdalek hernia, including the present case, have been reported in Japan. Here we provide a case report for the patient, who was followed-up without hernia surgery, plus a review of the literature. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 126 1 2014 著明な貧血と血小板減少と末梢血の異常細胞で発見された転移性乳癌の１例 31 34 EN Seisuke Ota Akinori Kasahara Shoma Mizuno Haruka Fukatsu Osamu Kinoshita Toshio Noguchi Nobuyasu Kishimoto Tadashi Matsumura 　Worldwide, breast cancer accounts for 22.9% of all cancers excluding non-melanoma skin cancers in women. More than 80% of breast cancer cases are discovered when a woman discovers a lump that feels different from the rest of the breast tissue. We report the case of a 60-year-old woman who had been treated for one year at a psychiatric hospital for suspected schizophrenia, and was referred to our hospital on March 23, 2011 for consultation regarding complete blood count abnormalities: hemoglobin, 4.8g/㎗ ; Plt, 1.9×104/μl ; WBC, 12,700/μl with 18.5% abnormal cells. Computed tomography revealed an enhanced, irregular mass in her right breast as well as right axillary lymph node swelling, suggestive of breast cancer. BM biopsy confirmed the presence of abnormal, keratin-positive cells, suggesting metastasis to the bone. CA15-3 was 300U/㎖ (normal range ＜25). The patient died on April 11, 2011, post-admission day 20. We found a rare case of terminal breast cancer that presented with peripheral blood abnormality. Breast cancer in patients who do not notice breast abnormality can present with peripheral blood abnormality. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 125 3 2013 横行結腸憩室穿通による腸間膜膿瘍に対して手術を施行した２症例 235 238 EN Naoaki Maeda Hidenori Kondo We encountered 2 cases of penetration of fecal matter through a diverticulum of the transverse colon, which is a rare disease. Case 1 was a 33-year-old man who was examined in the clinic with a complaint of epigastralgia. Tenderness and muscular defense were found in the upper abdomen. On abdominal CT examination, wall thickening and increased fat concentration were seen in the transverse colon. He was diagnosed with peritonitis and underwent emergency surgery. On laparotomy, a tumor mass was found in the transverse colon close to the liver curvature. The patient was diagnosed with mesenteric abscess due to penetration of fecal matter through a diverticulum of the transverse colon. Right hemicolectomy was carried out. Case 2 was a 43-year-old woman who was examined in the clinic with a complaint of right lower abdominal pain. Muscular defense and rebound tenderness were found in the lower abdomen. On abdominal CT examination, abscess formation was seen in the right lower abdomen. She was diagnosed with peritonitis and underwent emergency surgery. On laparotomy, a tumor mass was found in the transverse colon. The patient was diagnosed with mesenteric abscess due to penetration of the transverse colon associated with a diverticulum. Partial removal of the transverse colon was carried out. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 45 2 2013 地方交付税の合併算定替え終了が市町村に及ぼす影響 ―財源調整機能は維持されるか― 59 85 EN Yuji Ota Masaki Hirao 10.18926/OER/51693 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学資源生物科学研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 57 3-4 1979 エチレン生成阻害蛋白によるブドウ巨峰の脱粒防止の効果について(II) 197 202 EN S. Sakai I. Baba Y. Ota No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学資源生物科学研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0029-0874 56 4 1977 エチレン生成阻害蛋白によるブドウ巨峰の脱粒防止の効果について 217 223 EN S. Sakai I. Baba Y. Ota No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学教師教育開発センター Acta Medica Okayama 2186-1323 3 2013 附属中学校における学校保健委員会の取組み―養護実習への活用を視野に入れて― 152 161 EN Yasuko Ota Hiroko Kamimura Hokuma Munakata Kayoko Miyamoto Shinichiro Monden 10.18926/CTED/49516 　岡山大学教育学部附属中学校における学校保健委員会の取組み，および学校保健委員会の資料の養護実習への活用について報告する。附属中学校の学校保健委員会は，①学校保健活動の全体像が理解されること，②課題が明確になる資料を工夫すること，③関係者の共通理解が図られること，の3つの視点から取組まれており，このことが日々の学校保健活動に対する有効な施策を協議するために重要であった。学校保健委員会の資料は同時に，養護実習において学生が学校保健活動を理解するための教材として活用できる。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 125 1 2013 頚動脈内膜剥離術あるいは頚動脈ステント留置術施行後の患者固有データに基づく頚動脈血流の流体力学的シミュレーション 5 7 EN Hitoshi Hayase Koji Tokunaga Toshio Nakayama Kenji Sugiu Ayumi Nishida Seiji Arimitsu Tomohito Hishikawa Shigeki Ono Makoto Ohta Isao Date No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 124 3 2012 保険診療と電子カルテ 223 229 EN Akira Gochi No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 0289-3339 10 4 1993 加齢と運動習慣が換気性閾値に及ぼす影響 482 487 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学教師教育開発センター Acta Medica Okayama 2186-1323 2 2012 1年次教育実習プログラムの成果と課題の検討―平成23年度教育実習Ⅰ受講生アンケートの結果から― 112 119 EN Tomotaka Mishima Mitsuhiro Yamasaki Hiroshi Takahata Masami Sekine Masakatsu Watanabe Tetsuya Akazaki Yasuko Shibata Akiko Kishi Yasuko Ohta Masaru Kaga 10.18926/CTED/48199 本研究の目的は，岡山大学教育学部における1年次の教育実習プログラムの成果と課題の検討であった。そのため，平成23年度の教育実習Ⅰ受講生294名を対象に実習後に調査を行った。その結果，（１）教育実践力を構成する4つの力や附属学校園における実習目的の多くが達成されている，（２）4つの力のうち「コーディネート力」「生徒指導力」の達成度が特に高く，「学習指導力」の学校種ごとの学習指導の特徴や違いを説明することは達成度が低い，（３）附属学校園が掲げる目的のうち，観察して学ぶことの達成度が高いが，実際に児童生徒 と関わって学ぶことの達成度は低い傾向である，（４）実習中の実習生の取り組みに関しては，授業観察において事実を観察，記録することは取り組めているが，解釈的な授業観察や，協議会での発言は十分取り組めていない，の4点が主に示唆され，実習Ⅰの課題や不安に対する学生の自由記述と併せて結果が考察された。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 124 1 2012 S-1/CDDP術前化学療法により組織学的CRが得られた幽門狭窄合併進行胃癌の１例 63 66 EN Masahiko Nishizaki Yasuhiro Fujiwara Yasuhiro Chouda Takashi Kanazawa Motoki Ninomiya Toshiyoshi Fujiwara A 59-year-old man with epigastric discomfort and anorexia was referred to our hospital. Endoscopy revealed a type 3 advanced gastric cancer with pyloric stenosis diagnosed as a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in the biopsy specimens. A gastrojejunal bypass operation was performed because of direct invasion to the pancreas. The patient was treated by three courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with S-1/CDDP. Follow-up abdominal CT scan revealed that the primary tumor had become smaller, suggesting that a partial response had been achieved. Distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy was performed. The histopathological examination showed no residual cancer cells in the primary lesion or dissected lymph nodes. Final chemotherapy efficacy was evaluated as Grade 3. The patient was treated with S-1 for one year after the gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy and has been followed up for 18 months without evidence of recurrence. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 124 1 2012 ER型救急医療について 35 39 EN Shingo Ichiba No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 30 344 1918 南部フ井リッピン群島ダバヲ方面ニ於ケル脚氣ニ就キテ (第一回報告) 855 876 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 47 11 1935 Trichlorbuthylalkohol (Chloreton)ノ動物體内ニ於ケル運命ニ就テ 2991 2994 EN Tokujiro Ohta Seit dem Chloralhydratversuch von Mering und Musculus war festgestellt worden, dasz einige Halogenderivate der aliphatischen Aldehyden und Alkohole im Tierorganismus gepaart mit der Glukuronsäure im Harne ausgeschieden werden. Schon im Jahre 1884 nahm E. Külz auf Grund von Experimenten an, dasz der den Tieren verabreichte Trichlorbuthylalkohol gepaart mit Glukuronsäure im Harne erscheint, aus welchem er aber die gepaarte Säure nicht isolieren konnte. Durch dieses Experiment hat Verfasser die genannte Säure als Beriumsalz gewonnen, das durch Reaktionen sowie Bariumbestimmung und Elementaranalyse als solches festgestellt und dessen spezifische Drehung auch festgelegt wurde. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 47 11 1935 早流産ニ於ケルZondek=Aschheim氏妊娠診斷法ノ範圍 2985 2990 EN Tokujiro Ohta Um festzustellen, inwieweit der puerperale Harn nach frühzeitiger Fruchtabtreibung die Schwangerschaftsreaktion nach Zondek-Aschheim positiv ergibt, beschäftigte sich Verfasser mit einer Reihe von Versuchen, in denen der Harn von Frauen untersucht wurde, die sich in jedem Schwangerschaftsmonate unter klinischer Indikation künstlicher Unterbrechung unterwarfen. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich, wie Folgt, zusammenfassen. 1) Verfasser untersuchte den Harn von im 2. bis 7. Schwangerschaftsmonate operierten Frauen. 2) Mit dem Harn des 2. bis 7. Schwangerschaftsmonates fiel diese Reaktion 4 Tage nach der Fruchtabtreibung positiv aus, aber 5 Tage nach dieser war das Resultat inkonstant; allerdings erlebte Verfasser auch eiuen Fall bei dem der Harn am 9. Tage diese Reaktion positiv ergab. 3) Ein Einfluss des Schwangerschaftsmonates auf diese Reaktion konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. 4) Auf Grund genannter Resultate ist Verfasser der Meinung, dasz diese Reaktion anschliessend an sonstige klinische Befunden bis zum 9. Tage nach der Fruchtabtribung gerichtärztlich von grosser Bedeutung ist. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 48 3 1936 實験的日本住血吸蟲病家兎ニ於ケル窒素新陳代謝ニ關スル研究 442 463 EN Tokujiro Ohta Buikazu Nishizaki Da die zirrhotische Veränderung der Leber des durch Schistosommn japonicum infzierten Organismus sowohl auf die mechanische wie auf die Giftwirkung der Parasiten zurückzufülnen ist, so ist es nicht uninteressant, die Einflüsse der Parasiten auf den Stoffwechsel des Organismus zu untersuchen. Unter diesem Thema haben Verfasser einige Experimente mit Kanincheu ausgeführt, deren Resultate hier folgendermassen zusammengefasst werden können: 1) In dieser Untersuchung wurde eine Reihe von Kaninchen experimentell durch Schistosomum japonicum infiziert und der Harn des erkrankten Kaninchens chemisch erforscht. 2) Im Aufangs- oder leichten Stadium der Schistosomiasis japonica bei Kaninchen zeigt der Harn kaum irgendeine erkennbare Veränderung. 3) Beim schweren oder späteren Stadium kommen bei erkrankten Kaninchen verschiedene Harnveränderungen zum Vorschein, aus denen wir auf gestörten Stoffwechsel achliessen dürfen. a) Das Körpergewicht und die Harnmenge nehmen ab, der Harn wird allmählich saner, sein spezifisches gewicht erhöht sich und im Harn tritt Grallenfarbstoff auf. b) Das vermehrte Harnammoniak kann sowohl auf die überschüssige Säureproduktion wie auf die stärlkere Zersetzung des Körpereiweisses des erkrankteu Organismus zurückzuführen sein. c) Aus der erhöhten Aminosäureausscheidung darf man auch auf den Zerfall des Körpereiweisses schliessen. d) Der vermehrte Harnpurinkörper, die verminderte Harnsäure und das besonders verringerte Harnallantoin, d. i. die vorhandene Purinstoffwechselstörung lässt eine Schädigung der Leberfunktion des erkrankten Organismus annehmen, wean man das Auftreten des Gallenfarbstoffes im Harne und die pathologisch-anatomische Veränderung der Leber dabei in Erwägung zieht. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 50 9 1938 太陽光線ノ死體分解ニ及ボス影響 1893 1936 EN Tokujiro Ohta Es ist selbstverständlich, dass sich der Reststickstoff, der Zucker, das Glykogen und die Milchsäure in der Leichenleber sowie im Leichenmuskel mit dem Alter der Leiche quantitativ verandern. Solange die Bestimmung einzelner Substanzen möglich ist, nimmt der Reststickstoff mit dem Leichenalter zu, was mit den Daten von Ido, Momonoi u. Nisizaki gut ubereinstimmt, das Glykogen aber ab; Zucker und Milchsäure vermehren sich allmahlich, um dann zu wieder abzunehmen. Die Vermehrung oder Verminderung der genannten Substanzen trat bei der vom Sonnenlicht bestrahlten Leiche weniger auffallend in Erscheinung als bei der an dunkler Stelle aufbewahrten, wobei die Temperatur und die sonstige Umständen in der Umgebung beider Leichen fast gleich gehalten wurden. In den makroskopischen Befunden beider gennanten Leichen liess sich auch der Unterschied bemerken, dass sich bei der bestrahlten Leiche die Faulnis in geringerem Masse entwickelte. Der chemische sowie makroskopische Unterschied zwischen beiden Leichen ist sicherlich auf die Wirkung des Sonnenlichtes zurückzuführen, besonders auf die Wirkung der ultravioletten Strahlen auf die Fermente und die Bakterien in den Leichenorganen und -geweben. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 123 1 2011 成人先天性胆道拡張症の6例 39 43 EN Hirotoshi Takashima Akira Sasaki Kaoru Sasaki We report six patients with adult congenital biliary dilatation treated by surgery. Of the six cases, five were female and the patients' age at diagnosis ranged from 19 to 51 years old. By Todani's classification for bile duct dilatation, three were categorized as Ⅰa, one as Ⅰb, and two as Ⅳa. All six cases had anomalous arrangement of the pancreatobiliary duct. Resection of the cystic portion and hepaticojejunostomy (Roux-Y) were performed in all. After surgery, one patient classified as Ⅰa and one as Ⅳa had complications of cholangitis and intrahepatic stones. We removed the stones by the percutaneous transhepatic route with dilatation of the stenotic anastomosis, but cholangitis recurred in the Ⅳa patient. Although surgical resection of the cystic portion and reconstruction of biliary tract is considered to be a standard treatment for adult congenital biliary dilatation, this Ⅳa case had complications after surgical treatment. Thus short-term follow-up is necessary to prevent or diagnose stenotic anastomosis following the operation. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 42 4 2011 マルクス主義理論史研究の課題（XVI）―星野中のマルクス主義研究― 119 130 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/44392 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 76 11-12 1964 白血病の細胞学的分類 689 696 EN Hiroshi Sanada Zensuke Ota Takashi Kotsuka Osamu Onoye Yoshinobu Sakikawa Tatsuro Saihara Kazunori Honke In the attempts to classify leukemic cells it is often difficult to identify cells solely with fixed and stained blood smears as in acute leukemia where the percentage of blast cells is high. In such instances, however, it is generally possible to distinguish most cells when vital observations are carried out in conjunction with cytochemical methods, fluorescence micro scopy, as well as electronmicroscopy. The results of these observations have been briefly summarized. The characteristic findings of lymphoblasts, myeloblasts, and monoblasts as revealed by May-Giemsa staining, brilliant cresyl blue supravital staining, phase-contrast microscopy, vital staining and electronmicroscopy. are illustrated in the tables. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 67 2 1955 肉眼的並に組織学的に見たる成人大脳運動領域の個人差に関する研究 539 559 EN Ryosuke Oota The brain was fixed with formalin, washed by water, dehydrated with alcohol and etheralcohol, inbedded in celloidin and then stained by Nissl's method. The cells larger than 27.5 were to be considered as the Betz-cells. The area, where the Betzcells were found, were regarded as the motor area and the schemata of 70 cases of motor cortex were made. The fact was cleared from those schemata, that in the vicinity of th motor area those, which showed similar macroscopic findings, had similar extension of the motor area. The schemata of the macroscopic figure of the motor cortex were classified into 5 types and each type had its own shape of the motor area. There were a few exceptions among them, but they had also some close relation to the sulci. Among the 70 cases, those. in which the sulcus praecentralis superior was the anterior border, had the majority of 72.9%. In about 60% of all cases the motor area on one hemisphere was similar to the other side. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 71 10-1 1959 肝炎に関する免疫組織学的研究 第3編 いわゆる肝炎性胆のう症の発生病理に関する研究 6657 6667 EN Yasuyuki Ohta In the cases of infectious hepatitis that has a complication of cholecystopathy, the author studied mainly its pathogenesis; and obtained the following results. 1. Out of 138 cases with hepatitis 33 cases (23.9%) had cholecystopathy as the complication. When these 33 cases are studied histologically by liver biopsy, periacinar form of chronic infectious hepatitis is found in 13 cases (39.3%), occupying the greatest percentage; followed by acute infectious hepatitis in 5 cases (15.2%), parenchymatous form of chronic infectious hepatitis in 4 (12.1%), posthepatitic cirrhosis in 4 (12.1%); and posthepatitic fibrosis in 2 (6.1%). On the other hand, judging cholecystopathy from various patho-histological forms, cholangiolitic hepatitis in 100%; periacinar form of chronic infectious hepatitis in 43.3%; posthepatitic fibrosis in 28.6%; parenchymatous form of chronic infectious hepatitis in 20%; posthepatitic cirrhosis in 11.9%; and acute infectious hepatitis in 11.8%. 2. Those showing biliary dyskinesia are mainly composed of the form revealing no marked changes in the liver biopsy (so-called posthepatitis syndrome) or the periacinar form of chronic infectious hepatitis. 3. Those having the complication of cholecystitis are more frequently found in acute infectious hepatitis and posthepatitic cirrhosis. 4. Generally even in the liver biopsy at the time of operation the infiltration of round cells and edema formation in portal region are characteristic traits of the common cholecystitis. 5. In the necropsy of infectious hepatitis likewise the liver and gallbladder are affected simultaneously; and the edema formation from the sublayer of mucous membrane to the sublayer of serous membrane and the congestion of capillary blood vessels with cell infiltration are the main common histological changes in the gallbladder. 6. When the antiserum obtained from the rabbit sensitized with dog abdominal organs (liver, gallbladder, duodenum, stomach, and rectal mucous membrane) as the antigen is injected into dogs, allergic cholecystitis can be induced in 100% of the animals with the use of gallbladder antiserum; in 80% with liver antiserum; in 60% with antiserum of rectal mucous membrane; and in 40% each with stomach antiserum or with antiserum of duodenal mucous membrane. In these instances intralobular and portal cell infiltration and edema formation in portal region can also be observed. 7. The characteristic traits of hepatitic cholecystopathy are the edema formation extending from the sublayer of the gallbladder mucous membrane to the sublayer of serous membrane and cell infiltration around blood vessels. As for the pathogenesis there seems to multiple factors; namely, dyscholia due to functional disturbances of the liver, the loss of the gallbladder motility due to invasion of inflammation inducing substances from portal tract through lymph ducts on serous inflammation, and also it is possible to be met with the secondary infection with an increase in the number of intestinal bacteria coexisting, and in some the involvement of allergic inflammation in gallbladder can be recognized. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 71 10-1 1959 肝炎に関する免疫組織学的研究 第2編 肝自己並に同種抗体に関する免疫組織学的研究 6645 6656 EN Yasuyuki Ohta 1. From the standpoints of the complement fixation reaction and the tissue reaction it has been proven that the liver homologous immunicity can be accomplished in rabbit liver by injecting homologous liver emulsion into the animals without resorting to Freund's adjuvant method. 2. When the liver tissue is rapidly destroyed by injecting an hypertonic physiological saline solution into the liver, the production of liver auto-antibody can clearly be recognized, and the sensitized state with tissue reaction can also be observed. 3. In comparing the tissue reaction in the case sensitized with microsome fraction of homologous liver or homologous liver phosphatid antigen with the reaction observable in the liver injected with homologous liver emulsion, hardly any difference can be seen in the former, while the tissue reactions such as necrosis of liver cells etc. are far more marked in the latter. 4. Although there are few differences in the tissue reaction according to the dosis and the titer of the injected homologous liver antiserum, a cytotoxin-like action and a relative organ specificity were recognized. 5. The mice sensitized with the homologous liver emulsion previously are secondary infected with ectromelia virus, so that serous inflammation of the liver tissue are used to be found additionally, moreover by the sensitization above mentioned the histological changes in the liver tissue of the mice become more stronger. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 71 10-1 1959 肝炎に関する免疫組織学的研究 第1編 肝組織反応といわゆる肝自己抗体の関聯について 6633 6644 EN Yasuyuki Ohta With the purpose to elucidate the clinical significance of the so-called liver auto-antibody and heterophile antibody by means of Paul-Bunnell's reaction, the author studied histologically 138 cases of liver diseases including infectious hepatitis with liver biopsy specimens; and obtained the following results. 1. Those liver diseases in which the liver auto-antibody can be detected are infectious hepatitis, chronic infectious mononucleosis, and lupus erythematodes, and in addition, there are fatty liver, hepatoler ticular degeneration (Wilson's disease), mechanical jaundice, Banti's syndrom, and hepatoma; and all the liver auto-antibody of them start from necrotic destruction of liver tissue. 2. The liver auto-antibody titer were well correlated with the proliferation of interstitial connective tissue, exsudation in sinusoid, liver cell necrosis, and stellate cell activation, but have poor correlation with the portal cell infiltration and degeneration of liver cells. 3. Active chronic infectious hepatitis that later develops to liver cirrhosis, cholangiolitic hepatitis, and a portion of the chronic infectious hepatitis in which inflammation spreads to portal and periportal region show a high liver auto-antibody titer which persists for a long period of time. However, in such diseases as active chronic epidemic hepatitis or in serum hepatitis (posttransfusion hepatitis), the possibility of the liver auto-antibody becoming an endogenous factor to spread the local tissue changes to wider area is doubtful in the former, but it markedly strong in the latter. 4. It has been confirmed that heterophile antibody is produced by viral infection in infections hepatitis. Especially high agglutination titer can be found in posthepatitic liver cirrhosis and parenchymatous form of chronic infectious hepatitis, and assuming those titer over 40 times to be agglutination positive, it also has patho-histologically a clinical significance. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 71 7-1 1959 細菌の核酸代謝について 第2篇 核酸，蛋白えのP(32)のincorporation 3695 3702 EN Hajime Ota Using the standard strains of Staph. aureus and Sh. flexneri stocked in the labolatory, the author studied the effect of addition of aureomycin, chloramphenical, Co(++), Mg(++) and Fe(++) on the quantitative changes of RNA, DNA and proteins in the bacteria that was shaken in it's suspension, and also investigated the P(32) incorporations into the nucleic acids and the preteins fractions of these bacteria. The results obtained are following. 1) The amouot of RNA showed marked increase in the bacteria shaken with the addition of glucose into the snspension, whereas that of proteins was found to show only slight increase. The addition of peptone or peptone and glucose into the suspension showed the decrease of the RNA amount, but did the marked increase of the proteins. 2) Aureomycin, chloramphemicol and Co(++) inhibited the increase of the prpteins amount, but Mg(++) and Fe(++) accelerated it. 3) The P(32) incorporations into the nucleic acid and the protein fractions were increased with the addition of peptone, especially in the case of glucose and peptone. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 71 7-1 1959 細菌の核酸代謝について 第1篇 RNA, DNAの量的変化 3689 3694 EN Hajime Ota With the use of the standard strains, namely, Staph. aureus, Staph. albus, Sh. flexneri 2a, Sal. typhi 57 S, and Sal. typhi 57 R stocked in our department, the author studied the relations between the quantities of nucleic acids, RNA and DNA, in the cells and the duration of cultures, and carbon sources in the media; and also investigated the quatitative changes of nucleic acids of the resting cells after shaking of bacterial suspension. The following results were obtained. 1) The quantity of RNA was found to be more laage in the cells of younger culture. It can be asid that the amount of RNA taking the part in protein synthesis was increased in the cells that art multiplying actively. 2) It was found rather large quantity of RNA in the case of bacteria, when it was cultured on the media that were containing carbon sources, especially glucose. 3) The quantity of RNA was gradually decreased by the shaking of the suspension of resting cells. However, it was observed the marked increase of the quantity, if glucose was added into the suspension. But the addition of peptone itself or combination with carbon source, like glucose, revealed decrease of the quantity. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 101 7-8 1989 最近5年間に経験した寄生虫・衛生動物疾患症例について(1984-1989) 821 830 EN Hiroyuki Matsuoka Toshiki Aji Akira Ishii Yasumasa Tongu Nobuo Ohta Toru Edahiro Hiroyuki Doi Julieta Yuri Kimura Kazuo Itano Kazuhisa Morishige Jigo Song From April 1984 to March 1989, we accepted 399 samples and specimens from hospitals and clinics, and diagnosed 86 cases of parasitic diseases. In this paper, 14 case-reports of zoonoses, larva migrans, imported disease and opportunistic infection are presented and discussed. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 122 2 2010 当院における下部胆管癌手術症例の治療成績 189 194 EN Ryosuke Hamano Masaru Inagaki Manabu Nishie Naoyuki Tokunaga Yosuke Tsunemitsu Shinya Ohtsuka Kazuhide Iwakawa Hiromi Iwagaki Hiroshi Sonobe We experienced 20 patients with distal bile duct carcinoma from May, 1997 to December, 2007. The male/female ratio was 11/9 and the average age was 69.6 years. The operative procedures were as follows：pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), 9；pyrolus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD), 8；subtotal stomach preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (SSPPD), 2 and hepatico-jejunostomy without resection, 1. We performed a clinicopathological study on 16 patients with distal bile duct carcinoma, excluding 3 operation-related deaths and 1 unresectable case. The cumulative survival rate was 70% at 3 years and 11% at 5 years. The 3-year survival rates at fStageⅡ, fStageⅣa and fStageⅣb were 100%, 80% and 0%, respectively. Log-rank analysis revealed that pathological pancreatic and duodenal invasion and curative resectability may be prognostic factors, while lymph node metastasis and perineural and stump invasion did not affect prognosis. Six recurrences in the 11 curative resection cases (54.5%) were observed；therefore, postoperative systemic chemotherapy is warranted to curtail recurrence in advanced distal bile duct carcinoma. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 39 6 1985 Paradoxical antagonism of neuromuscular block by vecuronium metabolites. 471 480 EN Yoshio Ohta Article 10.18926/AMO/31502 <p>Vecuronium is hydrolyzed in the body to 3-deacetyl (ORG 7268), 17-deacetyl (ORG NC58), and 3, 17-bis-deacetyl (ORG 7402) derivatives. Interactions of vecuronium and these metabolites were studied in phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparations of rats. As already reported, ORG 7268 had a potent neuromuscular blocking action, and ORG NC58 and ORG 7402 had a weak neuromuscular blocking action. As expected, ORG 7268 increased the degree of neuromuscular block by vecuronium. However, a low concentration (10 microM) of ORG NC58 and ORG 7402 reversed the block by vecuronium. At a high concentration (50 microM), ORG NC58 and ORG 7402 increased the degree of block by vecuronium. Although we do not have enough data to explain these paradoxical reversal of neuromuscular block at this moment, we postulate that these results reflect the interaction between &#34;slow&#34; and &#34;fast&#34; competitive antagonists. Regardless of the mechanism, it should be emphasized that the concentrations of ORG NC58 and ORG 7402 which are necessary to reverse the block are much lower than those which facilitate the block. It is conceivable that this paradoxical reversal of the block occurs in experimental and clinical situations. Therefore, in determining the neuromuscular blocking action of a compound, the &#34;antagonistic&#34; effect of its metabolites should also be considered.</p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 62 1 2008 A Prototype Model Using Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) with a Japanese Local Standard : Designing and Implementing a Referral Letter System 15 20 EN Huang Yong Guo Jinqiu Yoshio Ohta Original Article 10.18926/AMO/30988 <p>Since clinical document architecture (CDA) became an American National Standards Institute (ANSI)-approved health level seven (HL7) Standard, many countries have begun making an eff ort to make local standards conform to CDA. In order to make CDA compatible with the many diff erent local standards existing in diff erent countries, we designed a prototype model using HL7 CDA R2 with medical markup language (MML), a Japanese medical data exchange standard. Furthermore, a referral letter system based on this model was developed. Archetypes were used to express medical concepts in a formal manner and to make 2 diff erent standards work collaboratively. We share herein the experience gathered in designing and implementing a referral letter system based on HL7 CDA, Release 2 (CDA R2). We also outline the challenges encountered in our project and the opportunities to widen the scope of this approach to other clinical documents.</p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学温泉研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0369-7142 46 1977 サーモグラフィーおよび指尖容積脈波による慢性関節リウマチ患者手指の循環障害の検討 15 23 EN Takamasa Ohta Masaaki Tokioka Kiyoshi Takasugi 10.18926/21202 In an attempt to evaluate circulatory changes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 20 patients with classical or definite RA as determined by ARA criteria and twenty healthy volunteers serving as control were randomly selected. None of the patients showed the clinical signs suggesting Raynaud's phenomenon. Thermograms as well as photoelectric plethysmograms were obtained solely from the right middle finger tip of each examinee. The whole hand was then immersed in the cold (10℃) water and kept there for one minute. After wiping away the wet hand with a dry towel very gently, we followed the sequential changes of the tempe· rature of the third finger tip and the period of time necessary for the tip to return to the original temperature prior to the cold water immersion was measured and expressed as 'return time' in minute. Before exposure to the cold, the mean values of temperature of the finger tips between the two groups were not significantly different. As opposed to the normal pattern in which one can find the warmest point at the finger tip and which was more frequently found in the control group of the current study, a type in which the distal part of the finger was much cooler than the proximal area (so-called 'distal cold type') was observed in 8 RA patients, whereas only four demonstrated this pattern in the control group. After brief exposure to the cold, eight out of 20 rheumatoid patients showed much prolonged return time (longer than 20 minutes), while only three of 20 controls remained with prolonged cool periphery, The difference between the two, however, was not statistically significant. Studies of the digital plethysmograph revealed that 70% of all the rheumatoids showed abnormal patterns: sclerotic and monophasic waves were discovered in 55% of the patients. In contrast, seventy percent of the normal control demonstra· ted normal wave pattern. Although the significant difference was not noted, the mean height of the systolic peak of the plethysmograph derived from the rheumatoid group tended to be much reduced, suggesting the reduced blood volume at the finger tips. Six RA patients and 13 normals who showed normal plethysmographic pattern before immersion in the cold water, demonstrated rapid return to the original temperature. Only in one normal control with a normal wave pattern, prolonged return time was observed, although the height of the systolic peak of the plethysmogram in this particular case was well within normal limit. Digital circulatory disturbance, however, was strongly suspected in eight RA patients with severely prolonged return time, They all showed abnormal wave patterns of the plethysmogram, including 2 cases with peripheral plateau wave, Markedly reduced heights of the systolic peaks were also demonstrated in all. Further elaborate studies including digital arteriography were indicated to implicate any organic change in the digital vessels, such as digital arteritis in RA first reported by Bywaters in 1957. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 17 3-4 1986 『帝国主義論』の性格についての覚書―帝国主義論史研究の視角から― 349 367 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/20369 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 18 4 1987 帝国主義論と『資本論』―ヒルファディング『金融資本論』とレーニン『帝国主義論』― 133 155 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/20368 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 19 3-4 1988 レーニンにおける資本主義と民族問題 277 297 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/20367 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 23 1 1991 マルクス主義理論史研究の課題（I）―松岡・丸山・田中氏の近著によせて― 133 152 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/20366 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 23 2 1991 マルクス主義理論史研究の課題（II）―松岡・丸山・田中氏の近著によせて― 125 145 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/20365 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 23 4 1992 マルクス主義理論史研究の課題（III）―松岡・丸山・田中氏の近著によせて― 139 158 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/20364 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 24 1 1992 マルクス主義理論史研究の課題（IV）―松岡・丸山・田中氏の近著によせて― 123 135 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/20363 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 25 3 1994 マルクス主義理論史研究の課題（V）―相田慎一氏の近著によせて― 453 467 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/20362 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 26 1 1994 マルクス主義理論史研究の課題（VI）―保住敏彦氏の近著によせて― 97 112 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/20361 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 26 2 1994 マルクス主義理論史研究の課題（VII）―河野裕康氏の近著によせて― 75 89 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/20360 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 27 4 1996 マルクス主義理論史研究の課題（VIII）―上条勇氏の近著によせて― 181 198 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/20359 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学大学院社会文化科学研究科 Acta Medica Okayama 1880-8476 8 2010 シンポジウム「北東アジアと地域統合」報告論文についての説明 21 22 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/20308 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 122 1 2010 当院における下部胆管癌手術症例の治療成績 39 42 EN Ryosuke Hamano Masaru Inagaki Manabu Nishie Naoyuki Tokunaga Yosuke Tsunemitsu Shinya Ohtsuka Kazuhide Iwakawa Hiromi Iwagaki Hiroshi Sonobe We experienced 20 patients with distal bile duct carcinoma from May, 1997 to December, 2007. The male/female ratio was 11/9 and the average age was 69.6 years. The operative procedures were as follows : pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), 9 ; pyrolus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD), 8 ; subtotal stomach preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (SSPPD), 2 and hepatico-jejunostomy without resection, 1. We performed a clinicopathological study on 16 patients with distal bile duct carcinoma, excluding 3 operation-related deaths and 1 unresectable case. The cumulative survival rate was 70% at 3 years and 11% at 5 years. The 3-year survival rates at fStageII, fStageIVa and fStageIVb were 100%, 80% and 0%, respectively. Log-rank analysis revealed that pathological pancreatic and duodenal invasion and curative resectability may be prognostic factors, while lymph node metastasis and perineural and stump invasion did not affect prognosis. Six recurrences in the 11 curative resection cases (54.5%) were observed ; therefore, postoperative systemic chemotherapy is warranted to curtail recurrence in advanced distal bile duct carcinoma. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 71 5-1 1959 脳の窒素代謝 第16篇 各種処置大黒鼠脳髄extractのグルタミン合成能 2139 2143 EN Tsuneko Ota The activities of glutamine synthesis in the brain extract of the rat treated with various methods, were observed by means of the Conway's microdiffusion analysis. The brain extract were incubated at 37℃, pH 7.2 for 25 minutes under aerobic condition. 1) The activity of glutamine synthesis in the rat' brain extract treated with intensive electro-shock series, averaged 2.21μM per tube and showed an increase in comparison with the control value. 2) In the insulin shock series it was 1.04μM per tube in average and was a lower level than the control value. 3) The activity averaged 0.91μM per tube in the Philopon (Pervitin) administration series. 4) In the Ritalin treatment series its average activity was 1.10μM per tube and so Philopon and Ritalin decreased in its comparative activities with the control. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 71 5-1 1959 脳の窒素代謝 第15篇 各種動物脳髄extractのグルタミン合成能 2133 2137 EN Tsuneko Ota The activity of glutamine synthesis in the brain extracts of various animals were observed by means of the Conwsy's microdiffusion analysis. The brain extracts were incubated at 37℃, pH 7.2 for 25 minutes under aerobic condition. 1) The activity of glutamine synthesis in the normal rat brain extract was 1.53 μM per tube on an average. 2) In the mouse brain it averaged 0.81 μM per tube and was lower than the rat's. 3) It was 1.18 μM per tube on an average in the cat-fish brain. 4) In the human brain, even though only two cases, it was 1.80 μM per tube in average. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 71 5-1 1959 脳の窒素代謝 第14篇 モノ弗化醋酸ナトリウム投与大黒鼠脳髄アンモニア，グルタミン並びにアミノ酸量 2127 2132 EN Tsuneko Ota Administering the Sodium Monofluoracetate, SMFA, to the rat, the quantitative determination of ammonia and glutamine in the rat brain was made by the Conway's microdiffusion analysis and on the other hand amino acids by the paperchromatography. The results as follow, To wit: 1) In the convulsion stage caused by SMFA administration, ammonia content in its brain was 2.18 mg%, glutamine 63.9 m%, glutamic acid 120.7 mg%, γ-aminobutylic acid 25.2 mg% and aspartic acid 42.8 mg%. 2) About the hourly observation after the SMFA adiministration to the rat. a) Ammonia content in its brain showed gradual increase in 4 hours up to 4 times of control value. b) Glutamic acid content showed always low level in 4 hours but the lowest one in the first one hour. c) Glutamine content also decreased in all 4 hours, remarkably at the first and thlast. d) γ-amino butylic acid content decreased. e) Aspartic acid content increased remarkably in the first 10 minutes, and then decreased. But it showed remarkably increased at the 4th hour again. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 72 3 1960 岡山県における流行性肝炎の流行に関する検討 801 810 EN Kiyowo Kosaka Hideo Nagashima Yoshihiro Shimada Takahiro Yamabuki Masamitsu Kawaguchi Shigeru Yamamoto Yasuyuki Ohta Mutsuo Ujike Yoshiro Kusaka Toshihiro Mitsuda Tsuyoshi Kihara Tadasuke Kondo Syoichi Haraoka Tadashi Amioka Tetsusaburo Ishimitsu Hiroya Kono Toshiro Mitsumoto Tadakazu Aisaka Chuihiro Kosaka Yui Moritani Hiroshi Tabuchi Kyoji Hashimoto Kenichi Kimura Hiroshi Kono Hiroyasu Tamao Yosimitsu Higuchi Katsumi Yahata Harujiro Imai Ichiro Kameyama Sumiro Ariji Yasuhiko Fujimori Syoso Nakagawa Yutaka Hirano Toshinari Kobayashi Ichiro Seido Isao Tanabe Kazuhisa Takeda Shinichiro Hayashi 6246 infectious hepatitis cases treated at 25 hospitals located in Okayama Prefecture during the last six years, 1952 to 1957, were studied mainly from the epidemiological point of view, and the following results were obtained. 1) Infectious hepatitis has been prevailed all over the prefecture since the initial epidemic in 1951. As the mode of epidemic became protracted, chronic and abortive forms were prone to increase in number. The ratio of total patients to infectious hepatitis cases was 1.27 per cent. 2) Extensive infections among villagers were noted in 73 hamlets, and it was presumed that the epidemic has been prevailed over the whole prefecture taking a hamlet, village or a town as unit. Infections among family were noted in 62 families, however, fnrther detailed study in the epidemic areas might show the higher morbidity. It was not certain whether these infections were entirely family or simultaneous infections. 3) As to seasonal occurence, considerable number of cases had onset of the disease during the period of early summer to early fall. 4) As to age, it has ranged mostly from the second to third decade, rather many in children but not rare in the aged. As to sex, predominant in males in general, but considerable differences were seen among hospitals and times. No definite relationship was noted between the epidemc and sex. 5) Throughout the last six years there have been 38.7 per cent of chronic hepatitis cases. In 41.3 per cent of the whole patients presented jaundice in their clinical courses. The fact that the longer the period of the epidemic the more increase increase in anicteric cases was noted. 6) Two year's follow-up studies after the epidemic, showed 209 of relapsed cases in whom 36.4 per cent were icteric. 7) 110 cases has jaundice, which was thought to be infectious hepatitis, in the past. Some of them were presumably reinfections or superinfections but definite conclusion could not be made. 8) 20 cases of fulminant hepatitis, malignant type of infectious hepatitis, and 6 cases of protracted form were studied. 22 cases of them were fatal. Such severe hepatitis patients were seen mainly in males of the second and third decades. 9) 61 cases (0.98%) developed postnecrotic cirrhosis, and 10 cases of them were fatal. 10) Serum hepatitis was noted in 1.6 per cent of the whole patients seen in Medical Services at 18 hospitals in Okayama Prefecture during the last six years, 1952 to 1957. No definite correlation between the epidemic of infectious hepatitis and outbreak of serum hepatitis was noted. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 75 1-3 1963 線維芽細胞抑制剤による悪性腫瘍の治療に関する研究 クロロキン剤の基礎と臨床（第一報） 297 316 EN Kiyoshi Hiraki Ikuro Kimura Zensuke Ota Kenwo Asano Hiroshi Kageyama Koichi Shibuya Hidenari Kotani Ryozo Matsuura Junichiro Tsuchida Tatsuo Sezaki Toshinobu Hiraoka Hajime Himei Yoshiaki Moritani Masatoshi Yamana Followings are the results derived from the treatment of animal and human cancers with a fibroblasts inhibiting agent such as chloroquine, based on the unique idea of ours. 1). In implanted tumors of animals, the effect was noted in Bashford cancer and Brown-Pearce cancer relatively rich in connective tissue in terms of life prolongation, an inhibition of tumor growth and of decrease of liver catalase activity, an improvement of iron metabolism, an enlargement of necrotic area in histology, an inhibition of connective tissue conponents, and a decrease of acid mucopolysaccharides. A tendency for a decrease of amount and cell numbers of ascites was almost the only effect noted in Ehrlich cancer, Yoshida sarcoma, and MH 134 poor in connective tissue. 2). 75 cases of humau cancer were treated with this agent and among these 75 the effect was evaluated in 40 cases with definite histological diagnosis in respects with subjective and objective improvement. It was effective in 28 cases, resulted failure in 11 cases, and gave an obscure result in 1 case. Cases which were treated for more than 2m onths never resulted in therapeutic failure, indicating that the agent was somehow effective for all cases but those in the last stadium. In respect with organs involved, the effect was most prominent in lung cancer and urinary bladder cancer, somewhat less in gastric cancer, and often seen in carcinomatous peritonitis and many other advanced cancers. This effect was noted in a comparatively short period in terms of subjective improvement, regression in size of tumors in a number of cases, a decrease of serum lactic acid dehydrogenase, and improvement of general condition, a tendency for necrosis of tumor and an inhibition of interstitium. 3). The above results indicate that the agent is more effective for tumors rich in connective tissue and that it's secondary effect on tumors through the inhibition of interstitial connective tissue is considered as the operative mechanism of chloroquine against malignant tumors, but it's anti-inflammatory effect and generalized influence on hosts are to be taken into consideration. The agent is indicated in inoperable cases, postoperative relapse, or prior and following an operation. A search for stronger fibroblasts inhibiting agents and an evaluation of combined therapy with so called anti-cancer agents are being made and that with mitomycin C is giving a fairly promising result. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 75 1-3 1963 X線及び20-Methylcholanthreneにより惹起せしめたRF系マウス白血病の無細胞濾液移植に関する研究 213 231 EN Shozo Irino Zensuke Ota Koichi Okada Isao Miyoshi Tatsuo Sezaki Norio Kawamura Mineo Kunisada Koji Ikejiri Masanobu Sato Susumu Sota Masanori Suzaki Incidence of leukemia in RF mice exposed to a single whole body irradiation of 350 r X-rays was 77.4%, 41 out of 53 animals. Of them, 20 developed the thymic and other 20 the non-thymic lymphocytic leukemia, while only one developed myelogenous leukemia. Incidence of leukemia by 20-methylcholanthrene painting was 88%, 22 out of 25 animals. Of them, 12 developed lymphocytic leukemia and other 10 myelogenous leukemia. Experiments of inoculating cell-free filtrate prepared from these X-ray and 20-methylcholanthrene-induced leukemic RF mice revealed the following facts. 1) Cell-free filtrates from the leukemic mice which were induced by a single whole body X-irradiation were inoculated to the newborn mice of the same strain less than 16 hours old. Two (16.7%) of the twelve incculated animals developed leukemia 357 th and 374 th days, respectively, after the inoculation. Inoculation of the cell-free filtrates from normal mice to the newborn mice of the same strain did not produce leukemia. 2) Attempts to inoculate cell-free filtrate from 20-methylcholanthrene-indeced leukemic RF mice to newborn mice of the same strain were successful. 3) Cell-free filtrate from myelogenous leukemic mouse caused lymphocytic leukemia in one of three inoculated mice. This is suggestive of the possibility of transformation of the type of leukemia during cell-free transmission. 4) Intracerebral inoculation of cell-free filtrate from the brain of a mouse with lymphocytic leukemia also produced lymphocytic leukemia in one of two inoculated mice. 5) Inoculation of cell-free filtrate from the leukemic mice developed mammary carcinoma in one of three inoculated female mice. 6) Serial cell-free passage in two generations of 20-methylcholanthrene-induced leukemic mouse was possible. One of two inoculated mice developed leukemia in the first transmission and one of eight inoculated mice in the second transmission. 7) Only two cases of spontaneous lymphocytic leukemia were observed in RF mice during the past four years and the cell-free transmission of one leukemic mouse was also successful. 8) Virus-like particles were demonstrated by electron microscope in the lymph nodes of 20-methylcholanthrene-induced leukemic mouse. These facts suggest that the X-ray and chemical carcinogens may act to induce leukemia or mammary carcinoma by the "activation" of a latent virus naturally resident in the RF mouse. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 74 8-9 1962 流行性肝炎の遠隔成績（和気郡香登町の流行について） 819 822 EN Kiyowo Kosaka Hideo Nagashima Shigeru Yamamoto Yasuyuki Ohta Tadasuke Kondo Toshio Shinohara Utaka Ueda Kiyotaka Asada Masayoshi Kaji Kenichi Endo Tadakazu Aisaka Naoteru Takagai Nobuo Kobashi Yukinori Kitagawa Kaname Nukata Nobuhiro Ono A thourough examination was performed on the 319 cases, passed for more than one year after the release of treatment under the diagnosis of recovery or after the suspension of treatment at Kagato-Cho, Wake-Gun, Okayama in where there were prevalence of mild abortive form of epidemic hepatitis. 1. The cases having subjective symptom were 201 caces (63.0%) and their complaints were mainly the same to those on the course of disease. 2. Hepatomegaly in 77 cases (21.0%) and splenomegaly in 7 cases (2.2%) were ebserved. 3. Cases showing impairment in liver function test were 5.6-10.3% and cases showing a mild hyperbilirubinemia were 10 cases. 4. From the above results, cases required of treatment were 7 (2.2%), cases required of care 36 cases (11.3%). The concept that recovery of epidemic hepatitis was difficults was supported with the above results. 5. In the epidemics patients being required of treatment consisted of the second and third decades. 6. Duriug the last seven years, 1957 to 1963, 67 (21.3%) out of 314 cases of infections hepatitis in the epidemic areas developed into chronic hepatitis. 7. Acute stage of hepatitis at the onset was classified into three forms; typical, abortive and subclinical ones. 40.4% of the typical, 22.7% of the abortive and 36.2% of subclinical form progressed into chronic stage. Attention should be drawn to the high percentage of chronisity from the subclinical form of infectious hepatitis. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 77 5-6 1965 腫瘍ウイルスの形態と分類 795 835 EN Kiyoshi Hiraki Zensuke Ota Shozo Irino Isao Miyoshi Tatsuo Sezaki Hideo Harada Shinya Suzuki Yoshimori Ohsato Teiichiro Nagamori Junichiro Moriya Masahito Muguruma Kiyoshi Takasugi Hiroshi Dabasaki Kazuhiko Ikeda Morphologic characteristics of most of known oncogenic viruses, some of which were investigated by us, were described in relation to their oncogenicity and their localizations in tumor tissues. Oncogenic viruses were classified into six groups: type A, B, C, D, E and F. Viruses pertaining to type A were presumably not mature virus particles. Some of them could, however, be immature form or incomplete form of oncogenic virus particles. Viruses belonging to type B, C, D, E, and F were represented by mammary tumor virus of mice, leukemia viruses of mice and chickens, polyoma virus, Shope fibroma virus and Lucke renal adenocarcinoma virus, respectively. They were different in size and shape, and in the mode of development. It was presumed that type B and C viruses were members of the Myxovisus group and type D viruses belonged to Adenovirus and the Papova virus group. It was also believed that type E and F viruses had in general the feature of the Pox virus group and Herpes virus group, respectively. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 80 3-4 1968 水銀中毒に対するα-Mercaptopropionyl glycine及びD-Penicillamineの水銀排泄効果 297 303 EN Masana Ogata Yoshinosuke Eguchi Tomikichi Kinami Yasuyuki Ohta A therapeutic and prophylactic effect of α-mercaptopropionyl glycine for toxicity of mercury and its compounds was tested in comparison with the effect of D-penicillamine. The nine subjects working in an industrial factory manufacturing insecticides made from mercury were selected for the investigation. The daily dosis of α-mercaptopropionyl glycine was 450mg and it was 1000mg of D-penicillamine. The results obtaind were as follows: 1. The average daily excretion of mercury in urine was increased 1.4 to 1.6 times (average, 1.5 times) of the amount estimated before the administration when the subjects were in exposure of mercury. The increase was more than that obtained with the use of D-penicillamine (average, 1.2 times). 2. The average daily excretion of mercury in urine was increased 2 to 3 times of the amount estimated before the administration when the urinary excretion of mercury was determined after the exposure. The increase was lasted as long as 12 days after the discontinuation of the exposure. α-Mercaptopropionyl glycine was proved to be more effective than D-penicillamine when it was tested serially in a same subject. 3. From the results obtained here, it was concluded that the administration of α-mercap-topropionyl glycine at the daily dosis of 450mg was proved to be effective for the prophylaxis of mercury toxicity. It was especially true when the sujects were working in the exposure of mercury, therefore, it was recommended to use α-mercaptopropionyl glycine as long as the increase of urinary excretion of mercury was no more observed. 4. During the administration, there observed no appreciable side effects, and so the prophylactic use of α-mercaptopropionyl glycine was proved to be not hazardous. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 91 11-12 1979 大腸癌患者における術前術後のリンパ球殺細胞性および血清阻止因子の変動について 1551 1559 EN Tamotsu Ohta Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and serum blocking factor, their classification according to the stage, and the follow-up observations before and after operation were investigated in 40 cases of colon cancer. For the control group, the cytotoxicity test was conducted on 12 cases of cancer other than colon cancer. Cytotoxicity was detected in only one of these. Cytotoxicity was detected in 30 cases of colon cancer. There were no significant differences due to the stage of cancer. Serum blocking factor was investigated in 34 cases and 25 of them showed positive blocking. Classification by stage showed tendency for the blocking index to increase with advance of the cancer. Follow-up observations before and after operation were conducted on 14 cases. The cytotoxicity, rose transiently after operation then decreased progressively in cases undergoing therapeutic surgery. Cytotoxicity reappeared in the cases of recurrence. The serum blocking factor decreased after operation showing transient negative blocking, then disappeared. In the cases of non-curative surgery, cytotoxicity rose transiently after operation and did not disappear throughout the entire course of observation. Serum blocking factor after operation showed transient negative blocking, then returned to positive. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 94 9-10 1982 シェーグレン病における唾液・血清β(2)ミクログロブリン値 805 812 EN Yoshio Namba Keiko Kageyama Hideo Azukizawa Shoji Miyawaki Zensuke Ohta Tadashi Ofuji β(2)-microglobulin is normally present in low concentrations in serum and other bodily fluids. By use of a radioimmunoassay, we measured salivary and serum β(2)-microglbulin concentrations in 40 patients with Sjogren's syndrome. The β(2)-microglobulin was significantly elevated in the saliva of patients with Sjogren's syndrome (p<0.005), but not in the serum. It was also elevated in the saliva of patients who had severe inflammatory change in the minor salivary gland, abnormal sialographic findings, reduced salivary flow rate and anti SS-A or SS-B antibody in their sera. There was no relation between the salivary , β(2)-microglobulin concentrations and the presence of various autoimmune diseases associated with Sjogren's syndrome. Measurement of salivary β(2)-microglobulin may offer a simple method of quantifying local activity in Sjogren's syndrome. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 98 11-12 1986 酵素処理によるラット腎糸球体基底膜の微細構造の観察 1111 1114 EN Akira Ichiyasu Michio Takaoka Kayo Takahashi Zenske Ota Although various hypotheses have been proposed about the ultrastructure of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) of the kidney, it has not clearly revealed. At present, it is thought to be composed of a meshwork of fibrils as reported by Ota et al. We successfully observed the meshwork structure of the GBM under an electron microscope after enzymatic treatment with α-amylase and elastase. The fibrils were about 30nm in width and were thought to be composed of type Ⅳ collagen. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 98 3-4 1986 農村地域における老年者の生活構造と健康状態 第2報 家族構成別状況について 233 241 EN Hiroshi Ohara Shunichi Horikawa Akinori Hisashige Kazunori Hatada Junichiro Suzuki Takeo Yoshida Toru Itani Takeo Ohta Hideyasu Aoyama Masahiko Ohira Problems in life styles and health status according to family type and the presence or lack of a spouse among the aged in a rural area were investigated. The subjects were all residents of 65 or over who lived at home in Ohgata Town, Kochi Prefecture, in March of 1982. Responses to the questionnaire survey were obtained from 1,545 (92.5%) out of 1,671. The subjects were divided into three groups of family type, that is, "single", "couple" and "other", and into two groups by marital status, that is, "married" and "not married". The perceived health status of "single" subjects was not different from that of "other" subjects, but those requiring help in activities of daily living (ADL) were less among "single" than among "other" females. Also, the perceived health of "couples" was worse than that of "others" among males. No differences were observed in the rate of those with work among the three groups of family types. Those joining in group activities were fewer, but not significantly, so among "single" men than among men of the other two groups, but no differences were observed among females. The perceived health status of "married" males were worse than that of the "unmarried" males, but no differences were observed among females. Those with work were greater among "married" than "unmarried" subjects of both sexes, and those having a role at home were greater among "married" than "unmarried" females. No differences were observed in the rate of joining in group activities or health practices between "married" and "unmarried" subjects. These findings demonstrated that family patterns played the same important role in the health and welfare needs of aged people as age factors. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 98 3-4 1986 農村地域における老年者の生活構造と健康状態 第1報 年齢階級別状況について 219 231 EN Hiroshi Ohara Shunichi Horikawa Akinori Hisashige Kazunori Hatada Junichiro Suzuki Takeo Yoshida Toru Itani Takeo Ohta Hideyasu Aoyama Masahiko Ohira We investigated changes in life styles and health problems among the aged population in a rural area by means of a questionnaire differentiated as to age. Responses were obtained from 1,545 (92.5%) out of 1,671 people 65 years of age or over living in Ohgata Town, Kochi Prefecture, in March of 1982. Two hundred people in hospitals or nursing homes were excluded from the survey. Among the aged of Ohgata, 1.6% and 9.0% were living in hospitals or nursing homes, respectively. Those in the hospitals increased with increasing age. Five percent of the males and 22.8% of the females lived alone, and no difference was observed according to age group. Sixty percent of the males and 80.2% of the females had jobs or roles at home, and significant decreases in those with roles were observed from 70 and 80 years of age or over in males, and between any successive 5-year age group in females. Seventy-seven percent of the respondents met with their friends, and 57.3% joined in the activities of old peoples' clubs. These rates decreased steeply from 80 or over in males and 85 or over in females. About the perceived health status, 54.9% of males and 51.3% of females had no complaints and those without preblems decreased slowly with increasing age. Those who needed others' help in any of the activities of daily life such as eating, going to the toilet, bathing, dressing, washing the face or walking were 6.3% of males and 6.6% of females, and were over 20% among those 85 or over. Those with troubles in walking but without troubles in other activities were 7.2%, increasing steeply from 80 or over. These findings demonstrated that age factors had important impacts on the health and welfare needs of aged. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医療技術短期大学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0917-4494 7 2 1997 岡山県の都市部･農村部における高齢者の在宅ケアの実態 149 157 EN Niwa Ohta 10.18926/15295 高齢者の在宅ケアの必要性が増大している一方,女性の就労者の増加や核家族化は在宅でのケアを困難にしている。そこで,実際にどのような現状や問題があるのかを検討する必要があると考えた｡今回,全国の高齢化率(14.1%)より高い高齢化率(16.9%)の岡山県で,在宅ケアの実態を1995年8月から9月にかけて調査した｡都市部(岡山市)･農村部(高梁市･邑久町･久米南町)で比較すると,在宅ケアは都市部に比べ農村部が少なく,農村部では施設での介護の方が多いことを認めた｡分析対象は140名で都市部が39名,農村部が101名である｡在宅でケアを受ける75歳以上の高齢者は77.1%と多かった｡農村部の方が高年齢で障害度も重く,特に過疎地域では介護期間も長く5年以上が過半数を占めていた｡主たる介護者は都市部では配偶者が63%と多かった｡過疎の農村部では息子の妻および孫の妻が多く,また70歳以上の高齢の介護者が3分の1を占めていた｡入浴･更衣回数などのケア回数は県北の農村部では特に少なかった｡また家族の介護時間は都市部は1日につき約7時間であったが,農村部では約3時間のみであった｡保健婦･看護婦などの専門職者によるサービスは都市部に多く,ホームヘルパーによるサービスは農村部に多かった。民間のサービス利用率は都市部･農村部いづれも低かった｡以上のごとく農村部における高齢者の介護がより問題が多く,深刻な状況であることが明らかになった｡ No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医療技術短期大学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0917-4494 7 2 1997 医療技術教育に対する高校生の認識と関心に関する研究 113 120 EN Takeo Ohta Yasuaki Shimoishi Jingo Kageyama Koichi Shibuya Hiroko Tohge Hiroshi Endo 10.18926/15291 1996年7～9月にかけて,岡山県周辺の10県下高校普通科3年在学中の学生に志望進路,志望分野とともに大学,短期大学における医療技術教育への認識と関心についてアンケート調査を行った｡サンプリングによって依頼した127校のうち回答が得られたのは52校(回収率40.9%)で,得られた回答数は合計1,998人(男子891人,女子1,077人,不明30人)であった｡これらの分析から,これらの地域では進学志望者の率は高く,特に男子に著名で,男女ともに理系への志望が多いことを認めた｡医療技術系大学の認識は看護学科を除いて低く,関心も特に男子で低かった｡4年制大学の進学を志望する学生にとっては, 3年制の多い医療技術系短期大学には関心が寄せがたく, 4年制へ移行した場合には関心も志望も高まる事が認められた｡将来この分野を担う人材の確保には現在の医療短大の4年制化や医療技術職の待遇改善が重要である と結論づけた｡ No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医療技術短期大学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0917-4494 8 1 1997 看護学生の老人施設実習前後の老人イメージ 85 90 EN Kumi Watanabe Masuko Kondo Niwa Ohta Toshiko Ikeda Makiko Maeda Takeo Ohta 10.18926/15288 2週間の特別養護老人ホームの実習前及び実習後の学生の老人イメージを20項目の尺度を用いて調査した｡その結果,以下のことが明らかになった｡ 1. 実習後のイメージの平均得点は,｢ユーモアのない｣から｢ユーモアのある｣へ,｢生気のない｣から｢生気のある｣へと好ましい方向へ上昇し,一方｢経験に富む｣,｢穏やかな｣,｢現実的な｣は好ましくない方向へ変化した｡ 2. 3分の1以上の学生が実習後に特にイメージが変化した項目として｢ユーモアのない/ユーモアのある｣の項目をあげた｡ 3. 老人像は全体として｢暇な｣,｢弱い｣,｢孤独な｣という否定的な老人イメージと｢経験に富む｣,｢暖かい｣という肯定的イメージで捉えられており,このイメージは実習前後で共通していた｡実習前後では全体として老人像に大きな変化はなかったものの,実習によって,より活動的な老人イメージを抱き,より現実的に老人をとらえていることが明らかになり,A園での老人看護学実習は教育上意義のある実習であると評価した｡ No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医療技術短期大学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0917-4494 8 1 1997 看護学生の食品摂取量と栄養摂取状況 77 84 EN Eiko Hoshina Niwa Ohta Takeo Ohta 10.18926/15287 1993年及び1994年度の本短期大学部看護学科の2年次生145名を対象に, 1日の摂取食品調査を行い,摂取食品数,栄養摂取量,栄養素等充足率を求めた。これらの分析の結果,以下の結論を得た。1.全体の平均充足率のバランスは,食物繊維が低く,ビタミンA,ビタミンCが高い値を示した。2.摂取食品数と栄養素等との相関は低かったが,食品数を2群に分けて比較すると,食品数多群でエネルギー,鉄,ビタミンC,食塩の摂取量が有意に多かった。3.充足率の低かった食物繊維とビタミンAは相関があり,また食物繊維の充足率の低い学生は,カルシウム,鉄の充足率が低い傾向にあった。4.自宅生と下宿生の比較では,差は見られなかった｡これらの改善には,栄養素等の不足を効果的に補える食品の選択や,若い世代の嗜好や生活にあった食習慣形成のための情報提供が必要である｡ No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医療技術短期大学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0917-4494 8 1 1997 進路指導を行う高校教師の看護職についての認識 43 48 EN Takeo Ohta Yasuaki Shimoishi Jingo Kageyama Koichi Shibuya Hiroko Tohge Hiroshi Endo 10.18926/15283 1993年に岡山県で行った先の研究で,高校生の看護課程の選択にあたって,進路指導を行っている教師の役割が大きい事を報告した｡今回は3年経った1996年に,同じ郵送調査を岡山県および周辺10県の普通科高校617校より無作為に選んだ127校において実施した｡64校より得られた回答を要約すると以下の通りであった｡1.教師が挙げた看護婦不足の理由はまず｢勤務時間が厳しい(85.9%)｣,｢仕事の内容が厳しい(53.1%)｣といった仕事のきつさで,次いで｢仕事の割には社会的評価が低い(32.8%)｣であった｡2.教師が学生に肯定的イメージとして看護課程を勧める理由は,｢まず専門職であること(73.4%)｣,次いで｢人に貢献できる喜び(53.1%)｣であった｡これらの結果は前回の結果と比較して統計的な有意差は認めなかった｡3.近年進められている3年制看護課程(準学士課程)から4年制課程(学士課程)への移行に関して,教師はこれらは学生の関心を呼ぶとし(79.8%),看護課程へ進学する者は増加するであろうとしている(57.8%)｡またこれまでよりこの課程への進学を教師は勧め易くなるとしている(56.3%)。これらの率は前回の結果と比較すると統計的に有意に高かった。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医療技術短期大学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0917-4494 9 1 1998 老人の退院時における生きがいと生活行動および生活信条との関連 33 39 EN Kumi Watanabe Yoshiko Nakanishi Toshiko Ikeda Setuko Takata Masuko Kondo Niwa Ohta Hikari Inoshita 10.18926/15273 退院を控えた老人が,どの程度生きがいを持って退院していくのか,老人自身のどのような生き方が生きがいに影響しているのかについて知るため,それまでの健康状態や,生活信条,生活行動について,退院許可の出た70歳以上の患者92名を対象として,独自の調査用紙に基づき面接調査を行った｡生きが いとこれまでの健康度,生活信条,生活行動の関連性を,分散分析及びt検定により解析した｡生きがいの平均得点が高かった生活行動は｢ボランティア｣で,続いて｢植物｣であった。生きがいの平均得点が高かった生活信条は｢その日を楽しく生きる｣と回答した人が,回答しなかった人との間に有意差があり,老人の退院時の生きがいの得点が高い傾向を示すことが明らかとなった｡ No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医療技術短期大学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0917-4494 8 2 1998 学生の自己評価による成人看護実習の達成度 ―3週後･5週後の自己評価結果の分析― 147 155 EN Niwa Ohta Toshiko Ikeda Nobuko Ohi Jingo Kageyama Naomi Kanao Yu Kobayashi Yuko Hayashi 10.18926/15264 この研究目的は,実習目標の達成度に対する学生の自己評価を明らかにすることである｡調査対象は短大の看護学科3年生74名である｡調査は自記式の調査票により成人看護実習の3週後と終了時の5週後に行った｡この自己評価は実習目標11項目について5件法で行った｡その結果,患者理解,患者指導,自己の内面の気づきなど目標は,3週後より5週間の実習によってより評価が高くなった｡最も自己評価が低いのは社会資源の活用の理解であった｡悪性の患者を受け持った学生の方は良性の患者の受け持ち学生より,人間としての態度や死生観などに関して5週後有意に高値であった｡今後の課題は,限られた実習期間内で,学生個々の経験をどのように共有させるかや患者の福祉について理解を深めることである｡ No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医療技術短期大学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0917-4494 8 2 1998 口腔腫瘍術後患者の摂食障害に対するとろみ食の導入 131 136 EN Misayo Mori Tomomi Eguchi Yoshie Shimizu Keiko Imura Misao Morimoto Masuko Kondo Takeo Ohta 10.18926/15262 口腔腫瘍術後患者は,程度に差はあるが,嚥下･摂食障害をきたしやすい｡その経口摂取開始初期の栄養について,患者が満足して,より快適に摂取でき,経口のみで栄養が満たされるような食事を工夫した｡そのためには,食べやすさを増すためにトロメリンでとろみをつけ, また,食べ残しがないように患者の嗜好を取り入れた｡そして,この嗜好を取り入れたとろみ食を, 口腔腫瘍術後患者一例に提供した｡その結果, とろみ食は,食べやすく,全量摂取でき,良好な栄養状態を維持し,口内の移植皮弁へのトラブルもなく有効であるという結果が得られた｡また,患者が意欲や自信を持つという精神面への効果も見られた｡ No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医療技術短期大学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0917-4494 9 2 1999 推薦入試制度の検討 59 64 EN Jingo Kageyama Takeo Ohta Ichiro Yamada 10.18926/15249 岡山大学医療技術短期大学部看護学科では,平成5年度より定員の約20%を募集人員とした推薦入試制度を導入し,以来本年で3回卒業生を送りだしてきた｡本学は来年度から保健学科として新入生を募集することになっており,推薦入学もとられる予定である｡そこで,これを機会に推薦入学学生と一般入試による入学生との在学成績,学習態度等を比較検討し,推薦入試制度の有用性を検討した｡推薦入学生の在学成績は一般入試による入学者の成績とほとんど差はないか,むしろよい傾向にある結果を得た｡今回の検討結果は在学成績のみでしかも期間が3回しか卒業生を送りだしていない時点であることから推薦入学制度の有用性を結論づけるためには更に今後検討が必要である｡ No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医学部保健学科 Acta Medica Okayama 1345-0948 12 1 2001 高齢者･障害者のための住宅改造と支援チームの効果 45 52 EN Yasuko Motohoshio Misako Tanaka Masumi Sugii Toshiko Hukushima Michiko Taguchi Kyoko Takami Yasuko Nakashima Yuko Tsushima Katsuhiro Yasumoto Nozomi Taniguchi Takeo Ohta Hatsue Okano 10.18926/15242 地域で生活する高齢者･障害者にとって,住宅環境の整備は必須の要件である｡津山市では在宅生活を支援する立場にある保健婦やホームヘルパー,作業療法士等保健･福祉関係者と,建築関係者が共同で支援チームをつくり住宅改造に関わってきた｡本研究では,この支援チームが関わった事例と直接関わらないで当事者と業者のみで改造を実施した事例を比較し,支援チームが関わることの効果をみた｡調査方法は,各事例の家庭を訪問して面接聞き取り調査を行った｡調査内容は調査票を用いて改造箇所,生活空間,介護量,外出の状況について尋ねた｡改造前後の変化を比較して,支援チームの効果について以下のことが明らかになった｡ 1.支援チームの関与による浴室の改造は,入浴が可能となり生活空間が広がるなど改善が認められた｡ 2.離床を目的にした玄関･廊下･居室の改造は,外出などの日常生活行動を広げ,本人のQOLを高めることに役立つ｡以上より住宅の改造が,介護者の介護負担を必ずしも直接軽減するとは限らないが,高齢者･障害者の介護の質に変化を与えることが示唆された。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医学部保健学科 Acta Medica Okayama 1345-0948 12 2 2002 岡山県下の地域中核病院における地域医療連携業務,患者支援システムの実態調査 123 129 EN Noriyo Nagamune Yoshiko Nakanishi Chieko Kawata Niwa Ohta Yuko Hayashi Fumiko Yasukata 10.18926/15232 本研究の目的は, 1)県下中核病院の地域医療連携,患者支援活動の現状について面接調査を行い,その実態を明らかにすること, 2)その結果をもとに,今後の特定機能病院に求められる地域医療連携や患者支援のあり方を検討する上での参考にすること,の2点にあった｡県下10か所の地域中核病院を対象に,地域医療連携業務やその他の患者支援活動に関する質問紙を作成し,面接調査を行った｡その結果,医療連携部門の歴史や業務内容は様々であったが,どの病院も地域医療連携部門を設置することで,開業医との連携を強化し,紹介･逆紹介の円滑化を図ろうとしている状況がうかがえた｡特に連携業務の中 でも,開業医からの紹介患者を病院にスムーズに受け入れる機能を重視している傾向が見られた｡また,すべての対象病院が地域医療連携以外の患者支援活動を行う部門を有しており,医療相談や地域の医療保健施設との連携強化等の業務を主に行っていた｡これらの調査結果をもとに,特定機能病院である大学病院に求められる地域医療連携･患者支援のあり方について考察した｡ No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医学部保健学科 Acta Medica Okayama 1345-0948 13 1 2002 チャイルドシートに関する看護職の意識調査 17 24 EN Kiyomi Ono Kazuko Sumiyoshi Yuka Okazaki Takeo Ohta 10.18926/15222 本調査は患児の救急搬送時のことやCRS (child restraint system)における法規制の理解などに対する看護職の意識と子どもの車での搬送に関する問題への対応を知る目的で実施した｡岡山市内にある病院および保健所･保健センターに勤務している看護職725名(回収率72.2%)を対象に無記名アンケート方式で郵送法にて実施した｡その結果,入退院時の搬送については｢一度も話したことがない者｣は84.6%で,搬送に関してはほとんど関与していなかった｡CRSの除外規定に関する法的理解について5項目質問したが､正解者は40.9%であった｡その他"肥満児および精神的な不穏時のCRSの対応"として は保護者への判断を促す者と医師の判断を仰ぐ者との2通りの意見があった｡ わが国では健常児の非CRS使用時の搬送時に事故がおき運転者責任を問われたが,除外規定に関する判例ではなかった｡今後は交通事故の発生の場合には確実にCRSの問題は運転者の判断を問われることになる｡看護職としては子どもの搬送にCRSは関与していることを認識することへの示唆となるだろう｡ No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 40 4 2009 カール・レンナー『民族：神話と現実』について 159 170 EN 10.18926/OER/14939 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 78 1.suppl 1966 日本脳炎ウイルスの電子顕微鏡的研究 61 68 EN Kiyoshi Hiraki Zensuke Ota Shinya Suzuki Kenji Takahashi Masahito Muguruma The ultrastructure and developmental process of Japanese B encephalitis virus were studied by electron microscopy in porcine kidney stable (PS) cells infected with the Mukai strain of Japanese B encephalitis virus. The virus and PS cells were kindly supplied by Dr. Y. Kanda Inoue at the Virus Institue of Kyoto University. PS cells were cultivated in bottles containing 10% calf serum and 0.5% lactalbumin hydrolyzate in Earle's balanced solution. Titration of cellassociated virus was estimated by cytopathic effect. At various intervals following infection, the cells were fixed in buffered 1% osmium tetroxide solution, embedded in methacrylates and cut on a Leitz ultramicrotome. After sections were stained in saturated uranyl acetate solution, they were observed in the Hitachi type HU ll electron microscope. Japanese B encephalitis virus particles were hexagonal in thin sections and approximately 40 mμ in the longest diameter, composed of the outer membrane, 30Å in thickness, viroplasm, 30Å in thickness and an electron-dense nucleoid, 25 mμ in diameter, After the virus particles developed in the process of budding on the wall of the cytoplasmic vacuole, they were densely packed in the vacuole usually in random arrangement and occasionally in crystalline arrays. The vacuole containing the virus particles gradually migrated to the cell surface and liberted the particles to the exterior of the cell through a narrow canaliculus which was formed between the vacuole and cell surface. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 78 11-12 1966 ヘモジデロージスに対するα-Mercaptopropionylglycine (Thiola)の治療経験-各種キレート剤との比較- 1297 1305 EN Yasuyuki Ohta Isao Fukushima Akio Orime A comparative study of α-mercaptopropionylglycine (α-M P G) as a therapeutic chelating agent for excess tissue iron in the liver with commercially available drugs was undertaken. The drugs used for the compari on were B A L, penicillamine, sodium dithiocarbamate and desferrioxamine B. The materials studied were 11 cases of moderate to severe hepatic hemosiderosis, either primary or secondary, diagnosed with needle liver biopsy specimens. The results were as follows: 1) The decrease of serum iron, disappearance or reduction of stainable tissue iron in the liver, depigmentation of the skin were induced by parenteral or oral administration of α-M P G at the daily dosis of 200 to 450 mg for 2 to 6 months. The phenomena were explained as the results of a chelating effect of α-M P G on excess tissue iron in the liver. 2) No significant effect on essential serum electrolyte such as potassium, calcium was observed during the α-M P G administration. 3) No undesirable side effect was noted, therefore, a prolonged administration was practicable. 4) Iron excretion into the urine was less intense than that with dithiocarbamate, however, it was more intense than that with penicillamine. On the other hand, iron excretion into the feces was observed in the decreasing order with dithiocarbamate, desferrioxamine B, penicillamime, and α-M P G. The daily excretion of iron into urine amounted 2 to 4 mg with α-M P G. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 104 5-6 1992 LHRH 負荷試験による小児期のゴナドトロピン分泌予備能に関する検討ー高精度 LH, FSH 測定法 (IRMA 法) による分泌動態の解析ー 581 590 EN Joji Higuchi To investigate the age-related changes in the pituitary responsiveness to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), the consentrations of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured before and after LH-RH administra-tion using the highly sensitive immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) in 283 normal children (161 males and 77 females) between 4 and 14 years old and in 22 patients (18 males and 4 females) with pituitary dwarfism. Then, the area of response above the basal level [integrated response(Σ)] of LH and FSH during 60 minutes after LH-RH injection was calculated to evaluate the pituitary response to LH-RH. The integrated LH responses progressively increased in the boys from 8 years of age and in the girls from 6 years of age, and they continued to increase up to 14 years of age. The integrated FSH response showed a significant decrease in all grups in the girls, but did not show any change in the boys. In patients with pituitary dwarfism who were subsequently found to be gonadotropin deficient, the level of Σ LH60 was low (below-2SD) It is concluded that integrated responses of gonadotropins, especially LH, to LH-RH are useful to evaluate the maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and that incre-ment of LH responsiveness to LH-RH already begins before the onset of puberty. The peak appearance time of gonadotropins after LH-RH is also important in the assessment of the maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis because FSH reached its peak carlier in the pubertal group than in the prepubertal group. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 104 3-4 1992 特発性間質性肺炎の病態に関する研究　第1編　臨床集計による特発性間質性肺炎の検討 399 412 EN Michio Fujita Clinical features, laboratory findings including hematological and biochemical exmination, pulmanary function test and chest x-ray findings of patients with idiopathic interstital pneumonia (IIP) were analyzed to determine the response to steroid therapy. Sixty three patients with IIP were analyzed in comparison with 43 patietns of interstitial pneumonia due to various diseases such as collagen disease, tuberculosis and chronic obstructive lung disease. Almost half of the patients with IIP were treated with steroids and improvement of interstitial pneumonia was shown only in the patients given steroid therapy. The improvement with steroid therapy was shown to the 50% in acute form of IIP, 32.1% in chronic form of IIP and 36.8% in total. Furthermore, the response of steroid therapy was better in patients with a relatively high oxygen level and high vital capacity and with no honeycombing on the chest X-ray film. These findings indicate the therapeutic effectivesess of steroid therapy in some patients and it should be started in the early stage of the clinical of IIP to obtain a good response rate. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学教育学部附属教育実践総合センター Acta Medica Okayama 1346-3705 7 1 2007 詩の朗読における音声表現―行と行間、連間に焦点をあてた分析的研究― 39 47 EN Misato Kawada Shinobu Oku 10.18926/14374 詩の朗読では「間」が重要だと言われている。しかし、「間」がどのようにとられているかについては不明である。本稿では、朗読における「間」の実態を明らかにするために、金子みすゞの「私と小鳥と鈴と」の朗読の音声分析と、「間」が聞き手に及ぼす感受の影響に関する認知実験を行った。得られた成果は以下の通り。 ・大人の専門家の朗読では、行の所要時間や行間の「間」が異なり、表現にメリハリが感じられる。 ・こどもの朗読は全体に速く、行と行間との差が大人に比べて少ない。しかし、全体的な時間変化は大人の専門家と類似したパターンをとっている。 ・聞き手は「間」の微妙な変化を感じ取っている。たとえ短くても詩の内容に応じて変化する「間」を好む者が多い。機械的な「間」では詩を十分に味わうことができない。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 103 7-8 1991 直腸絨毛腺腫の4例―本邦報告88例についての検討― 945 949 EN Nagahide Matsubara Sadanori Fuchimoto Hiromi Iwagaki Toshihiro Ookura Yoshihiro Akazai Tetsuya Watanabe Kiichi Suzaki Hiroshi Yamashita Fumihiro Hamada Akira Gouchi Akio Hizuta Kunzo Orita We reviewed the charts of 4 patients with villous adenoma of the rectum seen at the First Dept. of Surg., Okayama Univ. Med. School between 1971 and 1990. This study included 2 men and 2 women, ranging in age from 52 to 83 years. Polypectomy was performed on 3 patients with villous adenoma and low anterior resection was performed on 1 patient. Recurrent tumors developed in one of the 3 patients who had undergone polypectomy. In addition, a series of 88 patients with villous adenoma of the rectum reported in Japan were also reviewed. The average age of the patients with villous adenoma was 62.9. There were 47 men and 41 women. The presenting symptoms of the 69 patients with tumor were mainly bleeding and watery or mucinous diarrhea. The tumor size and invasiveness of malignancy were also examined. The likelihood of malignancy correlated with size of tumor, and none of the lesions smaller than 2cm contained a malignant tumor site. Surgeons should consider the size, location and malignant change of the villous tumor with as much precise examination before and during operation so that unnecessary over surgery is avoided. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 104 3-4 1992 インターフェロン並びにインターフェロン誘発剤に関する基礎的・臨床的研究　第2編　急性非リンパ性白血病寛解期における β-Carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide (Ge-132) の臨床効果 259 266 EN Mitsuhiro Fukumoto The clinieal of Ge-132 in the management of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) patients at remission phase were studied. Twenty-two ANLL patients with complete remission were randomized into Groups A and B. Patients in Group A were treated with the combianation with Ge-132 (2,250mg/day ; p. o daily) and intermittent-alternating chemotherapy 〔daunorubicin, vincristine, cytosine arabinoside and prednisolone (DVCP)/aclarubicin vincristine cytosine arabinoside and prednisolone (AVCP)〕and patients in Groyp B were treated with intermittent-alter nating chemotherapy (DVCP/AVCP) alone. Evaluable patients were 7 in Group A and 10 in Group B. Remission duration and survival time were not significantly different between Groups A and B. (median remission duration ; 5.7 month in Group A vs 8.1 month in Group B/median surival time ; 23.9month in Group A vs 18.3month in Group B) The rates of second remission in relapsed cases were not significantly different between Groups A and B.〔2 of 7,(28.6%) in Group A vs 3 of 10,(30.0%) in B〕Ge-132 did not accelerate the recovery from myelosuppression after intensification with the DVCP regimen. The incidence of liver damage and levels of serum GOT and GPT tended to be lower in Group A than in Group B. In this clinical study the incidence of liver damage tended to be lowere in patients treated with Ge-132. The liver damage which often develops during intensificantion chemotherapy, not only limits the chemotherapy but also causes adverse effects on the quality of life of the patient. In part 1 of this series, Ge-132 was reported to activate the neutrophil chemiluminescence. Ge-132 seems to be useful in the management of ANLL patients not only by the enhancement of the host defense system but also by the prevenation of liver damage. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 104 1-2 1992 レーザー光凝固による未熟児網膜症の治療に関する研究 83 95 EN Chiaki Ohtaki Forty eyes in twenty-two cases in the active phase of retinopathy of prematurity were treated with laser photocagulation. Thiry (93.7%) of the 32 eyes in type I and intermediate type were found in the cicartrical phase grade 1. In type Ⅱ in which cryocautery was used as combination therapy, only 2 eyes (25.0%) were found in grade 1, 2 eyes (25.0%) in grade 2, 1 eye (12.5%) in grade 4 and 3 eyes (37.5%) in grade 5. All 21 eyes in which photocoagulation was performed up to the middle of stage 3 were found in grade 1 (100%). However, among 11 eyes in which photocoagulation were performed in late stage 3, 9 eys (81.8%) were found in grade 1, and 2 eyes (18.2%) in grade 2. In conclusion, if adequate laser photocoagulation is performed in avascular ares at the middle of stage 3 of type Ⅰ and intermediate type, treatment in cicartrical phase grade 1 is possible. Laser photocoagulation is clearly more effective than the xenon are photocoagula-tion or cryocautery. However, in type Ⅱ it is difficult to control the condition by photocagulation alone, and early diagnosis followed by combination therapy using cryocautery is reqired. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 103 7-8 1991 教室における家族性大腸ポリポーシス症例の検討 833 839 EN Kazuhiko Watanabe Hiromi Iwagaki Sadanori Fuchimoto Shigeo Shiiki Nagahide Matubara Yoshihiro Akazai Tetsuya Watanabe Kiichi Suzaki Fumihiro Hamada Akira Gouchi Akio Hizuta Kunzo Orita Familial polyposis coli (FPC) is an inherited nonsex linked mendelian dominant disease in which there exist at least 100 adenomatous polyps throughout the entire large bowel. Thirteen patients with FPC, of whom 7 were male and 6 female, visited our department between 1966 and 1990. The mean age of the patients was 33.5. Eight of the 13 patients (61.5%) had gastric and/or duodenal polyps, and eight of the 13 patients (61.5%) had colorectal carcinomas at admission. Colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) was performed on 2 patients. The functional results were good bowel frequency, good sphincter control and lack of dietary restriction. Clinical experience tended to suggest that the risk of rectal cancer following IRA is extreme and unacceptable, although our two cases were still free of rectal cancer. Since 1980, the total colectomy with mucosal proctectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis was the procedure of choice in our department. Good results were obtained on the six patients on whom this procedure was performed. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 104 1-2 1992 リンパ節転移を認めない大腸癌の臨床病理学的検討 51 56 EN Shigeo Shiiki Sadanori Fuchimoto Hiromi Iwagaki Hiroshi Hamada Akio Hizuta Kunzo Oirita The clinicopathologic findines and the prognosis of 154 patients without regional lymph nodes metastasis or distant metastasis (n(-)group) were compared with those in 134 patients with regional lymph nodes metastasis and without distant netastasis (n(+)group). The mean age of the n(-) group was significantly younger than that of the n(+) group (p<0.05) and there was no significant sexual preponderance. The proportion of the cases without lymphatic vessel invasion in the n(-) group was significantly higher than in the n(+) group (p<0.01). The proportion of the cases without venous invasion was significantly higher in the n(-) group than in the n(-) group (p<0.05). There was no difference in cumulative surval rate of patients in then(-) group than in the n(+) group (p<0.05). There was no difference in cumulative survial rate of patients in the n(-) group in respect to the background factors such as sex, tumor site, and venous invasion. However, the survial rate of patients whose cancer invasion was limited within the mucosa (m), submucosa (sm) and musclar propria (pm) was significantly better than that of patients who had subserosal or subadventitial penetration (ss(al)), serosal or adeventitial penetration (s(a2)) and cancer invasion adjacent organs (si(ai))(p<0.05). The survial rate of patients with lymphatic vessel invasion was significantly higher than that of patients without lymphatic vessel invasion (p<0.05). That the poor prognostic factors in n(-) colorectal cancer patients are cancer penetration to/beyond ss(al), or positive lymphatic vessal invasion. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 104 7-8 1992 遅発型気道反応におけるIgG サブクラス抗体に関する研究　第2編　気管支肺胞洗浄液中抗原特異的 IgG サブクラス抗体と遅発型気道反応の関連について 809 820 EN Kazuro Ogurusu Immunoglobulin classes which induce a non-immediate asthmatic response (non-IAR) in the case of low level of IgE antibody are still unknown, although IAR is mediated by IgE. To elucidate the relationship between antibodies and late asthmatic responses (LAR), antigen-specific IgG subclass antibodies in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of asthmatics were measured by avidin-biotin ELISA before provocation by antigen. The BALF levels of IgG and IgG1 antibodies to mite and Candida antigen in bronchial asthmatics were higher than those in healthy subjects (p<0.05). Followed by inhalation of house dust or Candida antigen, bronchial asthmatics were divided into group A (higher levels of BALF IgG1 antibody) and gourp B (lower levels of BALF IgG1 antibody). The percentages of LAR including DAR after inhalation of house dust antigen in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (p<0.05). The percentages of LAR including DAR after inhalation of Candida antigen in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (p<0.01). In asthmatics with LAR after inhalation of house dust antigen or Candida antigen, the BALF levels of antigen-specific IgG and IgG1 antibodies were significantly higher than those in asthmatics without LAR of healthy subjects (p<0.01). In asthmatics with LAR after inhalation of house dust antigen or Candida antigen, the BALF levels of antigen-specific IgG and IgG1 antibodies were significantly higher than those in asthmatics without LAR of healthy subjects (p<0.01). In asthmatics with LAR, the relative (to albumin) of coefficients of excretion (RCE) in the BALF of antigen-specific IgG and IgG1 antibodies were higher than those in asthmatics without LAR of healthy subjects. These findings suggest that local production of antigen-specific IgG and IgG1 antibodies incerases in asthmatics with LAR, and that these antibodies may induce LAR. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 106 5-6 1994 腎性貧血に対するエリスロポエチンの維持投与法の検討 655 661 EN Tosio Ogura Yoshio Nagake Hirofumi Makino Toshinori Haramoto Mitsuhito Matsumoto Makoto Hiramatsu Yasuaki Mino Shigeaki Nishimura Kazuhi Taniai Isao Kumagai Kiichi Komoto Yoshiaki Takehisa Umeharu Matsuura Yoshihiko Suga Zensuke Ota The beneficial effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) for renal anemia in patients with chronic hemodialysis has been esthablishel. EPO is reported to be effective against renal anemia when adeministered at a dose 3,000 units three times a week. However, only a few studies have been made on the therapy to maintain the anemia-improving effect of EPO. In the present study, we performed EPO maintenance therapy on 22 hemodialysis patients with renal anemia. EPO was initialy administered at a dose of 3,000 units three times a week, and maintenance therapy was initiated after 12 weeks of treatment. The patients were divided into two groups, with EPO being administered at a dose of 1,500 units twice a week to one group and three times a week to the other. The duration of maintenance therapy was set at eight weeks. The anemia-improving effect of EPO was found to be satisfactorily maintained in both groups and no significant difference was noted between them. According, it may be better to use the lower dose regimen of 1,500 units twice a week for the maintenance therapy of renal anemia. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 104 7-8 1992 遅発型気道反応におけるIgG サブクラス抗体に関する研究　第1編　血清中抗原特異的 IgG サブクラス抗体と遅発型気道反応の関連について 797 807 EN Kazuro Ogurusu The immediate asthmatic response is mainly induced by IgE-dependent mechanisms. However, the late asthmatic response (LAR) is induced by inhalation of antigens without the participation of antigen-specific IgE antibodies in some asthmatics, especially in intractable asthma induced by Candida antigen. To elucidate the relationship between antibodies and those bronchial responses, the antigen-specific IgG subclass antibodies in sera from asthmatics were measureed and compared with IgE antibody. The avidin-biotin ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method was established for the measurement of specific IgG and IgG subclass antibodies to mite or Candida antigen. Serum levels of IgG and IgG1 antibodies to mite and Candida antigen in bronchial asthmatics were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects (p<0.01). Bronchial asthmatics who were tested with inhalation of house dust or Candida antigen were divided into group A (higher levels of serum IgG1 antibody) and group B (lower levels of serum IgG1 antibody). The percentage of LAR including DAR after inhalation of house dust antigen in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (p<0.01). The percentages of LAR and LAR including DAR after inhalation of Candida antigen in group A were significantly higherSerum levels of house du than those in group B(p<0.01). Serum levels of antigen-specific IgG and IgG1 antibodies in asthmatics with LAR after inhalation of house dust or Candida antigen were significantly higher than those in asthmatics with IAR or non-responders (p<0.01). The serum level of specific IgE antibody to these antigens in asthmatics with LAR after inhalation of house dust or Candida antigen was slightly lower than that in the asthmatics without LAR, though the difference was not significant. These findings suggest that high serum levels of specific IgG and IgG1 antibodies to adequate antigens play a role in inducing an attack in asthmatics with LAR. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 103 7-8 1991 教室における直腸癌側方リンパ節転移の検討 741 747 EN Hiromi Iwagaki Sadanori Fuchimoto Fumihiro Hamada Shigeo Shiiki Yoshimasa Yasui Nagahide Matsubara Yoshihiro Akazai Tetsuya Watanabe Akira Gouchi Akio Hizuta Yasuaki Kamikawa Kunzo Orita The records of 182 consecutive rectal carcinomas treated in this department between JAN 1978 and DEC 1990 were reviewed to assess the outcome of the patients presenting with lateral pelvic lymph node infiltration. Lateral lymph node dissection was carried out in 24 (42.1%) of the 57 Ra tumors and 63 (72.4%) of the 87 Rb tumors, but in none of the 38 cases of Rs tumors. Lymph node involvement was detected 0% and 15.9% of the Ra and Rb tumors, respectively. In this series, none of the cases in which the tumors were confined to m, sm and pm had positive lymph nodes. However, 23.3% of the 43 cases in which invasion was beyond pm showed positive lymph node invasion. The main lymph nodes involved were located in the roots of the middle rectal arteries. Half of the patients presented with distant metastases within one year, with poorer prognosis considering the mean survival rate of 1.8 years. In conclusion, we advocate that in Rb rectal tumors with circular invasion or invasion beyond the pm, careful lateral lymph nede dissection should be carried out. On the other hand, we suggest the use of preoperative radiation therapy which could improve the curability, the disease-free interval, and survival rates. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 106 5-6 1994 高齢者白血病の治療に関する研究 587 598 EN Tohru Nakamura To investigate clinical management of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) in the aged, the chemotherapeutic effects of aclarubicin (ACR) were studied in 20 ANLL patients (M1 5, M2 3, M4 5, M5b 6, M6 1). All patients were over 70 years old. The ratio of male to female was 16 : 4 and age ranged from 70 to 84 years old (mediam : 76y/o). Nineteen patients were untreated, one case had previous treament and 2 patients showed hypoplastic marrow on admission. ACR was administered by intravenous drip infusion at a dose of 14mg/m2/day for 7-10 days and repeated after recovery of myelosuppression. Eight patients (40%) obtained complete remission (CR) : 1 of 5 M1 (20%), 3 of 5 M4 (60%), 4 of 6 M5b (66.7%) and none of M2 or M6. CR ratio was 44% in 18 typical ANLL patients excluding the two patients with hypoplastic marrow, who did not attain CR. The duration of CR was from 1.3 to 11.3 months (median : 7.3 months) and survial time ranged from 6.6 to 15.6 months (median : 11.8 months) in patients with CR. Although side effects on the digestive system such as nausea, vomiting and anorexia were seen in 11 of 20 patients, these effects were controllable. None of the patients showed cardiac toxicity. ACR is expected to be useful in the clinical management of ANLL in patients over 70 years old, especially for M4 and 5 in the aged. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 106 5-6 1994 急性白血病における血漿cyclic nucleotides動態に関する研究 549 560 EN Kenichi Nonaka Plasma levels of cyclic nucleotides were measured in 71 patients with acute leukemia [50 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), five patients with hypoplastic leuke-mia, and 16 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)], five patients with myelodysplas-tic syndrome (MDS), and 47 healthy volunteers. The cyclic GMP (c-GMP) level, cyclic AMP (c-AMP) level, and c-AMP/c-GMP ratio in healthy volunteers were 15.74±5.10 pmol/ml, 3.20±1.15 pmol/ml and 5.39±2.18, respectively. In the patients with untreated acute leukemia other than hypoplastic leukemia, c-GMP levels were significantly elevated (ANLL : 11.31±13.61 pmol/ml ; ALL : 10.66±7.23 pmol/ml) and c-AMP/c-GMP ratios were significantly reduced (ANLL : 2.01±1.03 ; ALl : 1.66±1.03). These values normalized at remission, than increased or decreased again with recurrence of the disease. Although patients with MDS showed normal c-GMP levels or c-AMP/c-GMP rations, these values were increased or decreased when progression to acute leukemia occurred. There was correlation between c-GMP levels and peripheral leukocyte counts (r=0.429,p<0.05), plasma c-GMP levels and peripheral leukemic cell counts (r=0.412,p<0.05), c-AMP/c-GMP rations and peripheral leukocyte counts (r=-0.577,p<0.05), c-AMP/c-GMP rations and periph-eral leukemic cell counts (r=-0.512,p<0.05), and c-AMP/c-GMP rations and periph-eral leukemic cell counts (r=-0.512,p<0.05), and c-AMP/c-GMP rations and maximum counts of colonies derived from leukemic blast progenitors (r=-0.996,p<0.01). Since plasma levls of cyclic nucleotides reflect the leukemic cell proliferation, measurement of these nucleotides was considered useful for monitoring leukemic cell volume. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 105 5-6 1993 結節性甲状腺腫の超音波診断における Enhancement 法の試み 489 498 EN Ryuzo Takeuchi Enhancement in thyroid ultrasonography was investigated with thyroid lymphography by injection of Lipiodol into thyroid nodules in 50 patients. On plain thyroid ultrasonography (PU), the echo levels of normal and tumorous portions of the thyroid glands were evaluated. Then, the echo level ratios (P-N/T) were calculated. Moreover, by the same method, the echo level ratios between normal and tumorous portions of the thyroid glands were culculated 6 hours after Lipiodol injection (E-N/T), when the greatest enhancement was anticipated. The mean value of P-N/T was 1.305, and that of E-N/T was 1.474. The echo level ratio was significantly elevated in the enhancement method (p<0.0014). We concluded that the enhancement is obtained with Lipiodol injection into the normal portion of the thyroid glands, regardless of whether the tumor is benign or malignant and with or without cystic degeneration. This method is useful in promoting quality and location diagnosis of thyroid nodules. N : echo level value in the normal portion of thyroid gland T : echo level value in the tumorous portion of thyroid gland N/T : echo level raito No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 105 11-12 1993 悪性リンパ腫の化学療法に関する研究　第1編　Mitoxantrone, Etoposide, Cisplatin, Prednisolone 併用療法(MEPP) による non-Hodgkin's lymphoma の salvage 治療の検討 1009 1017 EN Kunio Ueno Twenty six patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), who failed to achieve complete remission or had relapsed after conventional chemotherapy (CHOP or CHOP-Bleo) were treated with a four-drug combination of mitoxantrone, etoposide, cisplatin and prednisolone (MEPP). Of 24 patients evaluated, five (21%) achieved complete remission and seven (29%) responded partially. The median duration of remission was 25 weeks, 38 weeks for complete responders (CRs), 24 weeks for partial responders (PRs). The median survival time after initiation of therapy was 93 weeks for CRs, 50 weeks for PRs and 25 weeks for non-responders (NRs). The difference in survival time between CRs and NRs was statistically significant. Myelosuppression was the major dose-limiting toxicity ; WBC nadir below 1,000/μl occurred in 66.2% of evaluable courses. Two patients with bone marrow involvement died of infection due to granulocytopenia. Renal toxicity of cisplatin was moderate and there was no cardiotoxicity of mitoxantrone detected. Despite severe myelotoxicity, these results indicate that MEPP regimen is useful as a salvage therapy for relapsed or refractory NHL. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 105 5-6 1993 開胸手術前後における運動負荷試験の評価 409 417 EN Satoru Kaneto Forty patients were subjected to multi-stage exercise tolerance tests using a bicycle ergometer prior to thoracotomy. During the test, expiratory gases were analyzed, and the arterial blood gas level and lactic acid level were studied. Postoperative complications were found in 10 of 40 cases (25%). Significant differences between patients with and patients without postoperative complications were recognized in VO(2)max, VCO(2)max and PaO(2)max. Patients with a VO(2)max value less than 1100 ml/min after the exercise test with a bicycle ergometer had a high risk of developing postoperative complications. Twelve postthoracotomy patients underwent the same test. All of their VO(2)max values were significantly lower than the corresponding preoperative values. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 106 3-4 1994 癌性胸膜炎胸水中の好中球遊走因子に関する研究―溶連菌製剤OK-432による好中球遊走因子の誘導― 391 399 EN Ryouji Morishita To investigate the mechanism of neutrophil migration into the pleural effusion in patients undergoing intrapleural immunotherapy with the streptococal agent OK-432 for malignant pleurisy, we examined the levels of neutrophil chemotactic factor in the pleural fluid. Pleural fluid was collected before and after instillation of OK-432 in 19 patients with lung cancer, one with breast cancer, and one with gastric cancer. First we evaluated the neutrophil chemotactic activity measured by Byoden's method and the change of the cellular compositition of pleural fluid. Neutrophil chemotactic activity was significantly increased 6 hours after the instillation of OK-432, as were the differential neutrophil count and the absolute number of neutrophils. Moreover, there was a close correlation between the absolute neutrophil count and the neutrophil chemotactic activity. We also measured the levels of complement compo-nent C5a and interleukin-8 (IL-8), which are thought to be neutrophil chemotactic factor, before and after intrapleural injection of OK-432. The IL-8 and C5a levels were significantly elevated after OK-432 injection. The change of the IL-8 level was associated with a marked increase both in the neutrophil chemotactic activity and in the neutrophil absolute count. In addition, we evaluated the cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6 and soluble interleukin-2 receptor) of pleural fluid before and after OK-432 treatment. The OK-432 treatment induced a marked increase in the levels of IL-1β and IL-6. However, the pleural fluid level of sIL-2R was not significantly elevated, although it was significantly higher than the serum level. These findings suggest that OK-432 intrapleural injection induces neutrophil chemotactic factors (IL-8 and C5a) and cytokines (IL-1β and Il-6), which attracts neutrophils into the pleural space, which may be involved in the mechanism of the sclerosing effect of OK-432. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 105 3-4 1993 腎糸球体基底膜をモデルとした理想的な透析膜作製に関する基礎的研究 317 322 EN Yoshio Nagake The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) regulates protein permeability by acting as both a size barrier and charge barrier. Since heparan sulfate-proteoglycan (HS-PG) which forms the charge barrier of the GBM contains a sulfonic acid base, we prepared negatively charged membranes by adding a sulfonic acid base to EVAL (ethylene vinyl alcohol) membranes. The permeabilities os the various proteins in these membranes were compared with those of conventional neutrally charged EVAL membranes. The permselectivity for proteins of negatively charged EVAL membranes depends largely upon the interrelation between the pore size of the membranes and size of the proteins. The negatively charged EVAL membranes had a higher selective permeability than the conventional neutrally charged EVAL membranes. Therefore, a negative charge within the dialyzer might produce higher selective permeability than conventional dialyzers. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 106 3-4 1994 エリスロポエチン投与による貧血改善と透析効率の変化に関する検討 253 259 EN Hirohumi Makino Yoshio Nagake Toshio Ogura Toshinori Haramoto Mitsuhito Matsumoto Makoto Haramatsu Yasuaki Mino Shigeaki Nishimura Kazuhi Taniai Isao Kumagai Kiichi Komoto Yoshiaki Takehisa Umeharu Matsuura Yoshihiko Suga Zensuke Ota The administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) has considerably improved renal anemia in benodialysis patients. However, there is a possibility that plasma flow will decrease and cause a reduction of hemodialysis effciency after the improvement of anemia. In the present study, we examined the influence of the improvement of anemia EPO administration on the efficiency of dialysis in 44 hemodialysis patients with renal anemia (21 males and 23 females ; mean age : 59.5±14.6 years). Epo was administered at a dose of 3,000 units three times a week and the duration of treatment was generally 12 weeks. EPO treatment significantly improved anemia. However, the blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid levels before and after dialysis as well as the potassium and phosporus levels before dialysis showed no significant changes after the improvement of renal anemia. Accordingly. it is unnecessary to take any specific measures to improve the efficiency of dialysis after treating renal anemia with EPO. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 105 11-12 1993 急性白血病寛解導入療法における骨髄内白血病細胞減少動態に関する研究 903 918 EN Makoto Takeuchi An equation was developed to describe the kinetics of leukemic cell destruction in bone marrow during induction chemotherapy for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (logZ＝K(1)t(4)＋K(2)t(3)＋K(3)t(2)＋K(4), where Z＝leukemic cell number, t＝time, and K＝a constant). The leukemic cell destruction curve was biphasic ; phase Ⅰ was the period from the initiation of a decrease in cells to the maximum velocity of the decrease, and phase Ⅱ was the subsequent period to the cessation of decrease. The following parameters were established : duration and acceleration of decrease in phases Ⅰ and Ⅱ, maximum velocity of decrease, duration of reduction, and residual volume of leukemic cells. 1. Patients who achieved CR showed a longer duration of phases Ⅰ and Ⅱ, a lower acceleration of the decrease in phase Ⅱ, and smaller residual leukemic cell volume than patients who did not achieve CR. there were no significant differences of parameters related to FAB classification, type of induction therapy, or the age of the patients. 2. This equation could be adapted to explain erythroblast kinetics during induction chemotherapy. There were no significant differences of the parameters with respect to the effect of induction therapy and patient age. 3. Patients with high acceleration of the decrease in phase Ⅱ had a short duration of CR and survival. The leukemic cell destruction curve was thought to be useful not only for evaluation of the effect of induction therapy, but also for establishment of post-remission chemotherapy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 105 1-2 1993 アレルギー性胃腸症の病態に関する研究 第1編 腹部超音波走査法による抗原経口負荷試験に関する検討 87 95 EN Yuji Toyota Pathogenesis of allergic gastroenteropathy involves various antigen-mediated allergic reactions through a defensive mechanism of the digestive tract. The conventional method of the diagnosis generally involves the exclusion-provocation test of causative food and the judgement based on only subjective symptoms. A diagnostic method based on objective parameters has not been established yet. To establish an objective diagnostic method, ultrasonography was applied to 3 patients in whom chicken eggs and milk had been clinically diagnosed as the antigens during the oral loading test of appropriate antigen extract. After oral loading of the causative antigen extract, the gastric movements were observed by ultrasonography from 30 minutes before loading until 120 minutes after loading. The total number of peristaltic movements were then measured during every 30 minuites as an indicator of acceleration of gastric peristalic movenents. All 3 cases showed a marked acceleration of gastric peristaltic movements as well as several abdominal symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea at 30 to 60 minuites after loading the antigen. These findings indicate that this method may be useful in the diagnosis of allergic gastroenteropathy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 105 1-2 1993 Colony assay 法を用いた肺癌化学療法における Anthracycline-anthraquinone 系薬剤の有効性に関する研究 第1編 ヒト肺癌細胞株に対する Anthracycline-anthraquinone 系薬剤の殺細胞効果の比較 73 80 EN Takeyuki Numata In an attempt to evaluate the antitumor activity of new anthracycline-anthraquinone analogues ; aclarubicin (ACR), tetrahydropyranyl adriamycin (THP-ADM), and mitoxantrone(MIT), these analogues were compared with adriamycin(ADM) in terms of 70% lethal dose by colony assay using five human lung cancer cell lines, which had been established and maintained in our laboratory. The human lung cancer cell lines tested were EBC-1, an epidermoid cancer cell line, ABC-1, an adenocarcinoma cell line, and SBC-1, -2, and -3, small cell cancer cell lines. In general, the EBC-1 established from a patient tumor showing resistance to ADM was the least sensitive to the drugs tested, and SBC-3 established from a patient tumor with no prior chemotherapy was the most sensitive to the drugs. In antitumor activity, both ACR and THP-ADM appeared to be superior to ADM and MIT, suggesting the clinical usefulness of these drugs in the treatment of lung cancer. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 105 1-2 1993 高齢者大腸癌切除例の臨床病理学的検討 29 33 EN Muneaki Kuroda Hiromi Iwagaki Nagahide Matsubara Toshikazu Kimura Yasuyuki Nonaka Masashi Nezu Masao Yoshinaga Atsushi Jikuhara Akio Hizuta Kunzo Orita In a review of 358 patients with colorectal carcinoma resected at the department during the past 13 years between 1978 and 1990, 41 elderly patients over 75 years old were selected (served as aged group) and compared to younger patients under 74 years old (younger group) for clinicopathological features and prognosis. Elderly patients, who represented 11.5% of all cases, were predominantly females. There was no significant difference in the localization of the tumor, depth of invasion, lymphnode metastasis and lymphatic infiltration between the two groups. No significant difference was noted in macroscopic type, but a tendency of having type 5 was observed in the elderly group. The elderly group had a significantly smaller maximum diameter of the tumor. There was a lower tendency in the positive rate of vessel invasion in the elderly group. In the stage classification and the incidence of curative resection, there were no differences between the two groups. The cumulative survical rate after resection in the elderly group was relatively lower than that in the other group. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 106 11-12 1994 担癌マウスならびに胃癌患者における Cyclophosphamide と Indomethacin による薬物学的摘脾効果の可能性，および外科的摘脾と免疫化学療法併用に関する研究 1125 1142 EN Jiro Yui Using tumor-bearing C(3)H/He mice, in which syngeneic MH-134 tumor cells were transplanted into the back subcutaneously, the possibility of drug-induced splenectomy using cyclophosphamide (CY) and indomethacin (INDO), the timing of chemo- and immuno-therapy, and the usefulness of the combination of surgical splenectomy with immunotherapy were investigated. In patients with gastric cancer, the significance of splenectomy and its combination with immunochemotherapy was also studied. The administration of CY in mice on day 3 after tumor transplantation in the initial stage of the tumor prolonged the survival time, while INDO under the same condition shortened it only when administered on day 3 after transplantation. The administration of an immunopotentiator, OK-432, prior to CY administration shortened the survival time, compared with that of single administration of CY, whereas the OK-432 administration on day 2 after the administration of CY prolonged the survival time. In the immunochemotherapy in which CY was administered on day 7 after transplantation of tumor and OK-432 was given every two days after additional 2 days, the anti-tumor effect of drug-induced splenectomy was not observed as judged from the tumor proliferating curve, but the splenectomy on day 3 after tumor transplantation, in the initial stage of the tumor, prolonged tne survival time. Similar results were observed, when INDO was used instead of CY. The concomitant splenectomy in the initial stage of gastric cancer resulted in a more effective prolongation of survival time. In the cases with adjuvant immunochemotherapy, preservation of the spleen in advanced cancer and splenectomy in the terminal stage of cancer were found to be preferable for effective prolongation of the survival time. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 106 7-8 1994 骨髄異形成症候群における骨髄細胞周期に関する研究 861 874 EN Masakuni Tanimizu Bone marrow cell cycle analysis was performed on 23 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)[12 with refractory anemia(RA), two with RA with ringed sideroblasts(RARS), three with RA with excess blasts(RAEB), six with RAEB in transformation(RAEBt)], and 14 normal volunteers. Cells were stained with propidium iodide and analyzed by flow-cytometry. Patients with RA and RARS (low-risk MDS) showed higher rates of S-phase (21.2±4.9%) and patients with RAEB and RAEBt (high-risk MDS) showed lower rates of S-phase (9.9±5.9%) compared with normal controls (15.2±3.1%). Although the rate of S-phase decreased with disease progression, it was normalized with complete remission. An intermediate correlation (r=0.64, p<0.01) existed between the rate of S-phase and the percentage of erythroblasts in MDS. The rate of S-phase clearly reflects the severity of MDS. The high rate of S-phase in low risk MDS was concidered to be due to erythroid hyperplasia with ineffective hematopoiesis. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 108 11-12 1997 急速破壊型股関節症の病態に関する研究 333 342 EN Hiromitsu Iwasaki Clinical and radiological studies were performed on 25 hips of 25 patients with rapidly destructive coxopathy within 3 years after the onset. The mean age at the time of onset was 68.3 years. Two patients were males, and the other 23 were females ; many patients were aged females. The mean Japanese Orthopaedic Association hip score for pain was 13/40 while that for the range of motion (flexion) was 9.4/12. Inspite of marked pain, the motion range was relatively good. The mean disease duration was 10.3 months in the group showing an increased blood sedimentation rate and 20.8 months in the group with a normal sedimentation rate, being shorter in the former showing positive inflammatory reactios. Hypertension was observed in 44%. Radiographic examination showed osteoporosis in all patients. According to Singh's classification, the disease duration was shorter in patients with advanced osteoporosis. The Center-Edge angle and Acetabular-Head Index as the acetabular covering rate were below the mean value in 65%, showing slight dysplasia of hip joint. Histopathological examination revealed exposure of eburnated bone on the surface of the capital lesion in many patients, but only slight proliferative changes. In the synovial membrane, villous hyperplasia and cell proliferation were observed in the surface layer in most of patients. Free fragments of the cartilage and bone were phagositized with nonspecific inflammatory findings in the deep layer. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 106 7-8 1994 食道囊腫の1例 751 756 EN Yasunori Ishii Fumiyuki Inoue Hidetoshi Ban Yasuaki Kamikawa Kunzo Orita Esophageal cyst is a relatively rare disease and about 91 cases have been reported in Japan. We report a new case of esophageal cyst. Tha patient was a 36-year-old male who complained of nausea and vomiting. We performed esophagography, endoscopy, endoxcopic echography, CT and MRI and found a cystic lesion in the lower esophagus. We made the diagnosis of an esophageal cyst and performed operation. The tumor was in the esophageal muscle but did not have a commissure to the esophageal lumen. We extirpated it with esophageal muscle and repaired the muscle defect with diaphragma. This tumor, 7.5×5.0cm in size, was a monolocular cyst and contained brown muddy material. Microscopic findings revealed a ciliated columnar epithelium and squamous epithelium in the cyst wall but cartilage was not found. The cyst was covered with double smooth muscle layers. It was difficult to differentiate an esophageal cyst from a paraesophageal bronchogenic cyst but these histological findings suggested that this cyst was an esophageal cyst. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 106 7-8 1994 気管支喘息の発症に関する研究　第1編　喘息患者における HLA による遺伝的要因の検討 731 742 EN Makoto Okamoto Heredity has long been suspected to play an important role in the occurrence of bronchial asthma. Recently familial and twin sibling studies demonstrated the role of genetic factors in asthma. Therefore, we measured HLA antigens of 53 asthmatics and analyzed the relationship to clinical parameters to elucidate the role of HLA in the occurrence of bronchial asthma. Four major findings were obtained. 1) Study of the HLA system in asthmatics showed a significantly higher frequency of DR53 and DQ3 and lower frequency of DQ1, DQ6 (1) and DQ7(3). This suggests that DR molecules demonstrate positive associations and DQ molecules negative associations with bronchial asthma. 2) DQ1 was associated with IgE production in asthmatics. 3) B39(16) positively associated with RAST score of Candida. 4) The study of late onset asthmatics, intractable asthmatics and the high responder group of in vitro lymphocyte reaction to Candida allergen showed a cooperatively and significantly higher frequency of DR53(P<0.05). These findings suggest that DR53 has a positive association with onset of late onset intractable asthma. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 108 7-8 1996 動脈圧波形の形状変化に対する周波数解析による検討 225 240 EN Tomohiko Saito It is known that the shape of arterial blood pressure waveform reflects the hemodynamic status, but quantitative analyses of waveform are seldom reported. In this study, the arterial pressure wave was recorded with an intra-arterial catheter and pressure transducer, converted to digital data, and stored in a computer. The data were analyzed by two methods of spectrum analyses, i.e., fast Fourier transform (FFT for both power spectrum and phase information) and the autoregressive model (ARM). Pressure waveforms during normotension were compared with pressure waveforms during hypotension induced by vasodilators (sodium nitroprusside and nitroglycerin) in the human study, and by the vasodilators, hemorrhage or 3% isoflurane in the animal study. Reconstruction of waveforms by inverse FFT was also performed, and compared with the original waveforms. FFT is more useful than ARM for analysis of data with known frequencies, such as respiratory and heart rates. Using inverse FFT, the wave can be reconstructed by the base frequency (heart rate) to 4th harmonic data with an error margin of less than 2%. The amplitude and phase information of heart rate frequency up to its 4th harmonic, and amplitude of respiratory frequency, were found to be the essential parameters to describe the shape of the arterial pressure waveform. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 111 1-2 1999 MRSA 院内感染の細菌学的・分子疫学的調査と感染予防対策 11 26 EN Yoshiko Senda The colonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was investigated in a private hospital three times for one year in an attempt to prevent the MRSA transmission. Total 22 MRSA strains were isolated. The pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed to investigate the route of transmission (infection way) in addition to characterize their bacteriological properties. Since the PFGE profiles were identical or very similar between the strain isolated from a patient and those from several nurses' hands and clothing cared for patient, the standard precautions including handwashing and gown technique have been performed. No transmission of MRSA through medical staff has been investigated in this hospital aftreward. Therefore, it was confirmed that the epidemiological investigation and its educational direction contribute to prevent the nosocomical infection of MRSA. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 108 3-6 1996 透析患者における腹腔鏡下胆囊摘出術の経験 155 159 EN Kenichi Takai Kazuhi Taniai Katsuhiko Takatori Sachiko Ohta Mie Kunitomi Junji Matsuoka Masao Kurose Kazushi Kojima Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has proven to be a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic gall stone disease. However, laparoscopic cholecystectomy in hemodialysis patients is considered to be relatively contraindicated because of anemia and bleeding tendency. We performed laparoscopic cholecystectomy in three patients being treated by hemodialysis for chronic renal failure. No significant complications were observed after surgery. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be considered for hemodialysis patients requiring cholecystectomy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 110 7-10 1998 胃癌を伴った胃グロームス腫瘍の1例―本邦報告例の文献的考察― 107 114 EN Kazuma Fukuda Hiroaki Asano Yuu Otani Naoyuki Miyaguti Hideyuki Nishi Masayuki Mano Shoukiti Komatubara Takumi Kishimoto The patient was a 67-year-old man who vomitted blood during therapy while hospitalized due to an asthma attack. He underwent a gastric examination, which detected a submucosal tumor on the greater curvature of the gastric antrum and gastric cancer on the lesser curvature. This tumor was diagnosed as a glomus tumor by postoperative pathological examination. In Japan, glomus tumors of stomach have been reported in 50 cases including our case. The mean age of patients was 48 years (23 to 74). Nineteen patients were male and 31 female. The main symptom was upper abdominal pain. The tumors developed in the submucosal layer of the greater curvature in the antrum and the mean size was 2.8 cm. A Angiography revealed hypervascularization and endoscopic ulutasonography showed spheroid tumors localized in the muscle layer. Proeoperative histological diagnoses were often difficult. Two cases including our patient were associated with gastric cancer. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 108 3-6 1996 癌漿膜浸潤および腹膜播種の防止に関する実験的研究 71 82 EN Takashi Iijima We report a novel prophylactic strategy for peritoneal dissemination and serosal invasion of digestive tract cancer in a murine model, in which the murine abdominal wall was compared to the wall of the human digestive tract. Subcutaneous injection of MH-134 cells to the abdominal wall of C3H mice induced tumors on the parietal peritoneum, and eventually caused peritoneal dissemination with time. In this model, the intraperitoneal administration of OK-432, a type of biological response modifier, after tumor implantation significantly inhibited the development of peritoneal dissemination of tumor cells. This effect was more profound in mice with tumors that extended to the peritoneal surface (designated as S1 stage). Histological examination revealed both the remarkable necrosis of tumoral tissue and the formation of a collagen fiber at the edge of the tumor. This antitumoral effect of OK-432 is thought to be mediated by both macrophages and lymphocytes migrated into the peritoneal cavity, because the administration of Carrageenan and anti-lymphocyte serum completely blocked the antitumoral effect of OK-432. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 112 9-12 2000 超音波測定法による「骨密度検診」の有用性と生活習慣との関連 169 182 EN Hirotsugu Kimura To prepare for the problems associsted with a rapidly aging society, a checkup for the bone mineral density has been performed in many cities and villages in Japan. However, there are varying methods for measuring bone mineral density, and the usefulnes of quantitative Ultrasound imaging has not been established. The relationship between bone mineral density and life style in 627 women in 5 cities was investigated using quantitative ultasound imaging to measure bone mineral density. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. The results from quantitative ultrasound imaging can be applied to the established DXA method because there was a correlation among dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. single energy X-ray absorptiometry and quantitative ultrasound imaging. 2. The stiffness index by quantitative ultrasound imaging was highly correlated with age and decreased proportinally with an increase in age. 3. We suggest that the measurement of bone mineral desity by quantitative ultrasound imaging for women at the age of 55 and 60 years in addition to those of 40 and 50 years is necessary. 4. We speculate that exercise and celcinm intake during youth have some effects on bone mineral density of woman after the prime of life. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 112 3-8 2000 鏡視下滑膜切除術を行った慢性関節リウマチの膝MRI 29 37 EN Yasuyuki Katoh The effectiveness of arthroscopic synovectomy (A-S) for the knee of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients was assesssd by comparing the severity of synovial proliferation on MRI before and after the surgery. Twenty-five patients (30 knees) were studied. The mean duration of RA was 6 years and 7 months and the mean age at the time of A-S was 49.0 years. The mean follow-up period was 19 months (range:6-39 months). The preoperative Larsen's classification from grade Ⅰto Ⅳ was 8, 13, 6, and 3 knees, resectively. Synovial proliferation was evaluated by the modified Takeuchi's classification (MRI score). The MRI score was investigated in relationships with the radiographic grade, wet weight of excised tissue, treatment score for RA knees of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA score), and the CRP value. The MRI score, JOA score, and CRP all significantly improved during follow-up. The radiographic grade showed less progression, the JOA score improved more, and CRP was lower during follow-up in patients with a postoperative MRI score less than 5. The wet weight of excised tissue showed no related with the MRI score. These results suggest that the effectiveness of A-S can be determined by evaluation of improvement of the MRI score. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 113 3 2001 電子カルテ 295 297 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 113 3 2001 性同一性障害に対する包括的医療の実践―精神科神経科での経験― 261 266 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 117 3 2006 医療における個人情報保護法 225 234 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2008 Experimental Study of a Novel Method of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Using a Combination of Percutaneous Cardiopulmonary Support and Liposome-encapsulated Hemoglobin (TRM645) EN Kei Ota No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 00301558 119 2 2007 歯科医師の就業状況と診療偶発事故 141 146 EN Hiroshi Ono The relationship between the operational situation of dental treatment and accidents experienced was investigated through questionnaires sent to members of the Kagawa Dental Association. Responses were received from 261 dentists (53% response rate), of whom 113 (43%) had experienced accidents during dental examinations and/or treatment during the past one year. Dentists with a particularly high risk of having accidents were predominantly young males who possessed many medical chairs at their clinic and who daily examined many patients. Those dentists who worked together with two or more colleagues had a lower risk of accidents. These factors should be considered when trying to take preventive measures against accidents during medical examinations and treatment. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 30 2 1998 マルクス主義理論史研究の課題（Ⅸ）―ウォーラーステイン『アフター・リベラリズム』によせて― 143 161 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12653 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 31 1 1999 Rosa Luxemburg and Sakae Osugi -Two Attitudes towards "Bolshevik Revolution"- 147 156 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12614 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 31 2 1999 マルクス主義理論史研究の課題（Ⅹ）―岡田和彦著『レーニンの市場と計画の理論』によせて― 53 73 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12603 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 32 2 2000 カール・レンナー「国家と民族」（上） 173 196 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12564 カール・レンナー(Renner, Karl 1870～1950)は、オ－ストリア社会民主主義運動を代表する人物で、第一次世界大戦の後にオーストリア共和国初代首相を、第二次世界大戦の後には第二共和国の大統領をつとめた。オーストリア社会民主党は1899年9月に民族問題に関する有名なブリュン綱領を採択した。ブリュン大会に先立っておこなわれた民族問題に関する議論をリードした論客の代表がレンナーであった。レンナーは1899年2月9日に民族問題に関する講演をおこない、ブリュン大会の後にシノプティクス(Synopticus)という偽名で小冊子の形で出版した。ここに訳出した『国家と民族』がそれである。この著作のなかでレンナーは地域原理と個人原理を区別するオーストロ・マルクス主義に特徴的な民族理論を展開した。レンナーの民族理論は、その後オーストリアの後輩オットー・バウアーに継承されるとともに、ロシアのボリシェヴィキから厳しい非難を浴びた。レンナーの民族自治の構想はその当時には実現されなかったが、EUの先駆をなすものであったという評価もある。日本でレンナーの民族理論について検討した文献としては、須藤博忠『オーストリアの歴史と社会民主主義』（信山社、1995年（および倉田稔「レンナー」（丸山敬一編『民族問題―現代のアポリア―』ナカニシヤ出版、1997年、第三章）がある。ほかに日本語文献として、法学関係で二種類の翻訳がある。後藤清訳、カルネル（偽名）『法律制度―特に所有権の―社会的機能』(叢文閣、1928年)、加藤正男訳『私法制度の社会的機能』（法律文化社、1968年）。訳出の底本は,Synopticus, Staat und Nation: Zur österreichischen Nationalitätenfrage: Staatsrechtliche Untersuchung über die möglichen Principien einer Lösung und die juristischen Voraussetzungen eines Nationalitätengesetzes, Mit einer Literaturübersicht, Verlag von Josef Dietl Buchhandlung, Wien, 1899である｡テキストの入手については相田慎一氏にお世話になった｡記して謝意を表します｡ No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 32 3 2000 カール・レンナー「国家と民族」（下） 93 113 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12553 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 33 1 2001 カール・レンナー『民族：神話と現実』(2) 67 80 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12547 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 32 4 2001 カール・レンナー「民族の生い立ち」 233 253 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12546 オーストリア第二共和国の初代大統領カール・レンナーは，1950年に死去した。死後間もなく3巻の『遺稿集』が出版されたが，民族問題に関する遺稿『民族：神話と現実』はそこに収録されなかった。この遺構は，「偶然に本を発見」に述べられているような経緯で，1964年にジャック・ハナクによって編集され，出版された。ここに訳出した「民族の生い立ち」はこの遺構の第一論文である。1899年，『国家と民族』によって，当時ではまったく独自な民族問題把握を提示したレンナーの，最晩年の民族問題論として検討に値するものである。この論文の理解を助けるものとして，ハナクによる「偶然に本を発見」と題する解説とレンナー自身による「序言」をも訳出しておく。訳出の底本は，Karl Renner, Die Nation: Mythos und Wirklichkeit, Manuskript aus dem Nachlass, Herausgegeben von Jacques Hannak, Mit einer Einleitung von Bruno Pittermann, Europa Verlag, Wien, 1964. である。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 33 2 2001 カール・レンナー『民族：神話と現実』(3) 49 59 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12539 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 33 3 2001 カール・レンナー『民族：神話と現実』(4) 67 83 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12531 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 33 3 2001 マルクス主義理論史研究の課題 (XI) ―久間清俊著『近代市民社会と高度資本主義－ドイツ社会思想史研究－』によせて― 33 44 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12527 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 34 4 2003 カール・レンナー『諸民族の自決権』(3) 47 73 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12519 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 34 4 2003 マルクス主義理論史研究の課題（XIII）―植村邦彦著『マルクスを読む』によせて― 35 45 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12518 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 34 4 2003 Recent Rosa Luxemburg Studies in Japan 1 6 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12515 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 34 3 2002 カール・レンナー『諸民族の自決権』(2) 143 166 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12514 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 33 4 2002 カール・レンナー『民族：神話と現実』(5) 67 83 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12510 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 34 3 2002 マルクス主義理論史研究の課題 (XII) ―相田愼一著『言語としての民族―カウツキーと民族問題―』によせて― 63 74 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12509 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 34 2 2002 カール・レンナー『諸民族の自決権』(1) 57 77 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12502 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 36 1 2004 カール・レンナー『諸民族の自決権』(8) 107 131 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12495 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 34 1 2002 オット・バウアー『民族問題と社会民主主義』の諸翻訳をめぐって 17 27 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12487 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 35 4 2004 カール・レンナー『諸民族の自決権』(7) 65 92 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12484 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 36 2 2004 カール・レンナー『諸民族の自決権』(9) 87 101 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12481 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 35 3 2003 カール・レンナー『諸民族の自決権』(6) 107 133 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12478 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 36 3 2004 カール・レンナー『諸民族の自決権』(10・完) 91 107 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12472 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 35 3 2003 オットー・バウアー『民族問題と社会民主主義』の論理 19 37 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12471 The greatest contribution in "Die Nationaltaetenfrage und die Sozialdemokratie" by Otto Bauer" is the explanation of generation and development of nation including "waking of peoples without history". The contents which should be called the renovation (or reconstruction) of the historical materialism by Bauer are developed. The logic of development of nation is making the nation essence theory in a wide sense with the nation essence theory in a narrow sense (= "definition of nation"). The conventional researches took only "definition of nation" without referece to others ,and abandande themselves to inquiry of definitions. Such attitudes should be reconsiderd. Although Bauer included the logic of national development in historical materialism,he did not necessarily succeed in adjusting it to the Marxian historical materialism centering on class struggle. Since the logic of class struggle was restraining the logic of national development from the outside in Bauer's explantaion, he could not solve an actural complicated tangle of class and nation. There is a problem in connection with the limit of Marxism which understands history centering on class struggle. By taking out the logic of national development, Bauer could show the limit of Marxism clearlier than anyone. In spite of including personal national autonomy policy which Karl Renner proposed, Bauer's national policy is ecletic and also includes the territorial national autonomy policy of "Brünner Programm". In grounding the personal national autonomy policy Bauer also followed Renner, and his originality is not found. Bauer's ecletic position corresponds to the disregard to Renner's view of law and state. Such theoretical background of Bauer has relevance to his prompt abandonce of personal national autonomy policy during the World War. We cannot ask for theoretical grounding of a personal national autonomy policy in Bauer. It will be necessary to reconsider Austrian national theory in a broader perspective. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 35 2 2003 カール・レンナー『諸民族の自決権』(5) 53 80 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12467 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 35 1 2003 カール・レンナー『諸民族の自決権』(4) 35 61 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12459 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 37 4 2006 ルドルフ・シュプリンガー［カール・レンナー］『国家をめぐるオーストリア諸民族の闘争』第一部：憲法・行政問題としての民族的問題(2) 37 49 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12453 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 37 3 2005 ルドルフ・シュプリンガー［カール・レンナー］『国家をめぐるオーストリア諸民族の闘争』第一部：憲法・行政問題としての民族的問題(1) 107 136 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12446 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 37 1 2005 マルクス主義理論史研究の課題 (XIV) ―マルクス，修正主義論争，ボリシェヴィズム― 89 102 EN Yoshiki Ota 10.18926/OER/12421 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.