start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=17 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=e83484 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250504 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Detailed Ophthalmic and Pathological Features of Choroidal Metastasis From Breast Cancer: A Case Series of Five Patients en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Breast cancer causes choroidal metastases on rare occasions. This study presented the eye manifestations of choroidal metastases from breast cancer and their response to treatments in detail as well as their pathological correlation in five patients. The patients' age at the diagnosis of breast cancer ranged from 24 to 69 years (median: 37 years). The time from the diagnosis of breast cancer to the detection of metastases was concurrent in one patient, two years later in three patients, and six years later in the other patient. The time from the detection of systemic metastases to the detection of choroidal metastases was the same in one patient, while it ranged from one to seven years later in four patients. Choroidal metastases were in the unilateral eye of four patients, whereas they were in both eyes of one patient. Choroidal metastases manifested as one or a few nodular or flat choroidal lesions with serous retinal detachment. As for the treatment of choroidal metastases, enucleation of the right eye was chosen based on the patient's wish as well as the family's wish in the earliest patient when cancer notification was not the norm in Japan. In the other four patients, whole-eye radiation was performed to reduce the choroidal metastatic lesions. As regards the prognosis, which was available in four patients, three patients died within one year from the diagnosis of choroidal metastases, while one patient died one year and eight months later. Regarding the pathology of breast cancer, which was available in four patients, immunostaining of the preserved enucleated eye in the earliest patient revealed that breast cancer cells in the choroidal metastatic lesion were positive for estrogen receptor and negative for progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Invasive ductal carcinoma in two patients was positive for estrogen receptor and negative for HER2, while invasive ductal carcinoma in the other patient was triple-negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 with a high Ki-67 index. In conclusion, the prognosis for life was poor in patients with breast cancer who developed choroidal metastases. Choroidal metastatic lesions showed a response to whole-eye radiation to improve the quality of vision at the end of life. Vision-related symptoms should be monitored in the course of chemotherapy for systemic metastases. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShienTadahiko en-aut-sei=Shien en-aut-mei=Tadahiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MuraokaAtsushi en-aut-sei=Muraoka en-aut-mei=Atsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=DoiharaHiroyoshi en-aut-sei=Doihara en-aut-mei=Hiroyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Division of Healthcare Science, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Surgery, Kagawa Rosai Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=breast cancer kn-keyword=breast cancer en-keyword=chemotherapy kn-keyword=chemotherapy en-keyword=choroidal metastasis kn-keyword=choroidal metastasis en-keyword=estrogen receptor kn-keyword=estrogen receptor en-keyword=her2 kn-keyword=her2 en-keyword=immunostaining kn-keyword=immunostaining en-keyword=invasive ductal carcinoma kn-keyword=invasive ductal carcinoma en-keyword=ki-67 kn-keyword=ki-67 en-keyword=progesterone receptor kn-keyword=progesterone receptor en-keyword=radiation kn-keyword=radiation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=58 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=976 end-page=991 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=202506 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Enhanced estimation method for partial scattering functions in contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering via Gaussian process regression with prior knowledge of smoothness en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering (CV-SANS) is a powerful tool for evaluating the structure of multi-component systems. In CV-SANS, the scattering intensities I(Q) measured with different scattering contrasts are de­com­posed into partial scattering functions S(Q) of the self- and cross-correlations between components. Since the measurement has a measurement error, S(Q) must be estimated statistically from I(Q). If no prior knowledge about S(Q) is available, the least-squares method is best, and this is the most popular estimation method. However, if prior knowledge is available, the estimation can be improved using Bayesian inference in a statistically authorized way. In this paper, we propose a novel method to improve the estimation of S(Q), based on Gaussian process regression using prior knowledge about the smoothness and flatness of S(Q). We demonstrate the method using synthetic core–shell and experimental polyrotaxane SANS data. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ObayashiIppei en-aut-sei=Obayashi en-aut-mei=Ippei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyajimaShinya en-aut-sei=Miyajima en-aut-mei=Shinya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaKazuaki en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Kazuaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MayumiKoichi en-aut-sei=Mayumi en-aut-mei=Koichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Center for Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Data Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Global Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo kn-affil= en-keyword=contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering kn-keyword=contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering en-keyword=CV-SANS kn-keyword=CV-SANS en-keyword=partial scattering functions kn-keyword=partial scattering functions en-keyword=multi-component systems kn-keyword=multi-component systems en-keyword=statistical methods kn-keyword=statistical methods en-keyword=Bayesian inference kn-keyword=Bayesian inference en-keyword=contrast variation kn-keyword=contrast variation en-keyword=Gaussian process regression kn-keyword=Gaussian process regression END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250312 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Droplet Impact Behavior on Convex Surfaces with a Circumferential Wettability Difference en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Controlling the bouncing behavior of the impacting droplets is an important issue for splay cooling, icing prevention, and other applications. The bouncing behavior of impacting droplets on superhydrophobic curved surfaces and flat substrates with a wettability difference has been widely investigated, and droplets impacting these surfaces show shorter contact times than those on superhydrophobic flat surfaces and droplet transport. However, there have been few studies on the droplet impact behavior on curved surfaces with a wettability difference, where efficient droplet control could be achieved by combining the features. In the present study, droplet impact experiments were conducted using copper cylinders with different circumferential wettabilities from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic, varying the impact velocity, cylinder diameter, and rotation angle. Droplets that impacted the wettability boundary showed asymmetric deformation and moved to the hydrophilic side, owing to the driving force of the wettability difference. Moreover, the droplet behavior was classified into four types: the droplet bounced off the surface, the droplet bounced off the surface and split, the droplet attached to the surface, and the droplet attached to the surface and split. The droplet behavior was estimated by using the maximum spreading width of the droplet impacted on the flat substrate. We evaluated whether the droplets attached to the surface or bounced off the surface after impact using the Weber number and rotation angle, and the estimations were in agreement with the experimental results for cylinder diameters of 4 and 6 mm. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IshikawaTaku en-aut-sei=Ishikawa en-aut-mei=Taku kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadaYutaka en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Yutaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=IsobeKazuma en-aut-sei=Isobe en-aut-mei=Kazuma kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HoribeAkihiko en-aut-sei=Horibe en-aut-mei=Akihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=60 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=3934 end-page=3949 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240301 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Designing and Prototyping an Axial-Flux Machine Using Ferrite PM and Round Wire for Traction Applications: Comparison With a Radial-Flux Machine Using Nd-Fe-B PM and Rectangular Wire en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper proposes a novel axial-flux permanent magnet machine (AFPM) employing ferrite permanent magnets (PMs) and round copper wire. The proposed AFPM adopts a novel rotor structure and uses tooth-tips with a suitable trapezoidal shape. These structures compensate for the low magnetomotive force of the round copper wire and ferrite PMs, achieving high performance at low cost. Additionally, compared with an off-the-shelf radial-flux permanent magnet machine (RFPM) using Nd-sintered PMs and rectangular copper wire, the proposed AFPM achieves the same output power and higher efficiency, despite using ferrite PMs and the round copper wire. Finally, a prototype of the proposed AFPM was manufactured and evaluated experimentally. The prototype achieved a high efficiency of over 95% across a wide operating area while maintaining required maximum torque, suggesting its potential for traction applications. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TsunataRen en-aut-sei=Tsunata en-aut-mei=Ren kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IzumiyaKosuke en-aut-sei=Izumiya en-aut-mei=Kosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakemotoMasatsugu en-aut-sei=Takemoto en-aut-mei=Masatsugu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ImaiJun en-aut-sei=Imai en-aut-mei=Jun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SaitoTatsuya en-aut-sei=Saito en-aut-mei=Tatsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=UenoTomoyuki en-aut-sei=Ueno en-aut-mei=Tomoyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Division of Industrial Innovation Sciences Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Division of Industrial Innovation Sciences Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Division of Industrial Innovation Sciences Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Division of Industrial Innovation Sciences Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. kn-affil= en-keyword=Axial gap motor kn-keyword=Axial gap motor en-keyword=axial-flux machine kn-keyword=axial-flux machine en-keyword=carbon fiber rotor kn-keyword=carbon fiber rotor en-keyword=carbon fiber-reinforced plastic kn-keyword=carbon fiber-reinforced plastic en-keyword=city commuter kn-keyword=city commuter en-keyword=ferrite magnet kn-keyword=ferrite magnet en-keyword=flat copper wire kn-keyword=flat copper wire en-keyword=high circumferential speed kn-keyword=high circumferential speed en-keyword=radial-flux machine kn-keyword=radial-flux machine END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=14 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1279699 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230928 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=FZL, a dynamin-like protein localized to curved grana edges, is required for efficient photosynthetic electron transfer in Arabidopsis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Photosynthetic electron transfer and its regulation processes take place on thylakoid membranes, and the thylakoid of vascular plants exhibits particularly intricate structure consisting of stacked grana and flat stroma lamellae. It is known that several membrane remodeling proteins contribute to maintain the thylakoid structure, and one putative example is FUZZY ONION LIKE (FZL). In this study, we re-evaluated the controversial function of FZL in thylakoid membrane remodeling and in photosynthesis. We investigated the sub-membrane localization of FZL and found that it is enriched on curved grana edges of thylakoid membranes, consistent with the previously proposed model that FZL mediates fusion of grana and stroma lamellae at the interfaces. The mature fzl thylakoid morphology characterized with the staggered and less connected grana seems to agree with this model as well. In the photosynthetic analysis, the fzl knockout mutants in Arabidopsis displayed reduced electron flow, likely resulting in higher oxidative levels of Photosystem I (PSI) and smaller proton motive force (pmf). However, nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence was excessively enhanced considering the pmf levels in fzl, and we found that introducing kea3-1 mutation, lowering pH in thylakoid lumen, synergistically reinforced the photosynthetic disorder in the fzl mutant background. We also showed that state transitions normally occurred in fzl, and that they were not involved in the photosynthetic disorders in fzl. We discuss the possible mechanisms by which the altered thylakoid morphology in fzl leads to the photosynthetic modifications. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OgawaYu en-aut-sei=Ogawa en-aut-mei=Yu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IwanoMegumi en-aut-sei=Iwano en-aut-mei=Megumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShikanaiToshiharu en-aut-sei=Shikanai en-aut-mei=Toshiharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakamotoWataru en-aut-sei=Sakamoto en-aut-mei=Wataru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=FUZZY ONION LIKE (FZL) kn-keyword=FUZZY ONION LIKE (FZL) en-keyword=Arabidopsis kn-keyword=Arabidopsis en-keyword=chloroplast kn-keyword=chloroplast en-keyword=thylakoid kn-keyword=thylakoid en-keyword=thylakoid structure kn-keyword=thylakoid structure en-keyword=photosynthetic electron transfer kn-keyword=photosynthetic electron transfer END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=77 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=545 end-page=552 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=202310 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Endoscopic Manifestations and Clinical Characteristics of Localized Gastric Light-Chain Amyloidosis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To determine the endoscopic and clinical features of localized gastric amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, we retrospectively examined the characteristics of nine patients (eight men and one woman) encountered by the hospitals in our network. Lesions were predominantly flat and depressed with surface vascular dilatation (n=5); others were characterized by subepithelial lesions (n=2), mucosal color change (n=1), and a mass-like morphology with swollen mucosal folds (n=1). Colonoscopy (n=7), video capsule enteroscopy (n=2), serum (n=5) and urine immunoelectrophoresis (n=4), and bone marrow examination (n=3) were performed to exclude involvement of organs other than the stomach. As treatment for gastric lesions of AL amyloidosis, one patient each underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (n=1) and argon plasma coagulation (n=1), while the remaining seven patients underwent no specific treatment. During a mean follow-up of 4.2 years, one patient died 3.2 years after diagnosis, but the cause of death, which occurred in another hospital, was unknown. The remaining eight patients were alive at the last visit. In conclusion, although localized gastric AL amyloidosis can show various macroscopic features on esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flat, depressed lesions with vascular dilatation on the surface are predominant. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IwamuroMasaya en-aut-sei=Iwamuro en-aut-mei=Masaya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaShouichi en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Shouichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ToyokawaTatsuya en-aut-sei=Toyokawa en-aut-mei=Tatsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishimuraMamoru en-aut-sei=Nishimura en-aut-mei=Mamoru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsuzukiTakao en-aut-sei=Tsuzuki en-aut-mei=Takao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyaharaKoji en-aut-sei=Miyahara en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=NegishiShin en-aut-sei=Negishi en-aut-mei=Shin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhyaShogen en-aut-sei=Ohya en-aut-mei=Shogen kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtsukaMotoyuki en-aut-sei=Otsuka en-aut-mei=Motoyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Iwakuni Clinical Center kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama City Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Kawaguchi Medical Clinic kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=esophagogastroduodenoscopy kn-keyword=esophagogastroduodenoscopy en-keyword=gastric lesion kn-keyword=gastric lesion en-keyword=amyloidosis kn-keyword=amyloidosis en-keyword=light chain kn-keyword=light chain END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=29 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=27 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230331 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Geology of the Paleogene to Neogene successions and gentle upwarping of the Kibi Plateau Surface, surrounding area of Kibichuou Town, Okayama Prefecture, Southwest Japan kn-title=岡山県吉備中央町賀陽周辺の古第三系～新第三系の地質と吉備高原面のゆるやかな曲隆 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The Paleogene to Neogene successions which are composed of the Paleogene Kayo Formation, the late Oligocene to earliest Miocene Yagane Formation and the middle Miocene Ukan Formation are sporadically distributed in the Kibi Plateau region, surrounding area of Kibichuou Town, Okayama Prefecture, Southwest Japan. The gravel of the Kayo Formation occupied paleo-valley of Pre-Paleogene basement. The Yagane and Ukan formations unconformably overlay Pre-Paleogene rocks and occupy the gentle valley on the Kibi Surface as valley fill deposits.
The fluvial of the Kayo Formation is mainly composed of conglomerate with minor amount of sandstone and mudstone. The fluvial Yagane Formation is mainly composed of conglomerate and associated with sandstone, mudstone and coal beds. The marine Ukan Formation is subdivided into 3 members, the Yamagata Muddy sandstone Member (YMM), the Shimoyokomi Sandstone Member (SSM) and the Tsuneyama Mudstone Member (TMM) in ascending order. The YMM is characterized by the bio-disturbed very poorly sorted muddy sandstone with frequent burrows, which indicate tidal flat deposits. The SSM is mainly composed of parallel bedded well-sorted sandstone with occasional burrows, which suggest near shore deposits. The TMM is composed of homogeneous clay rich mudstone, which implies off shore deposits.
The boundary between the SSM and TMM (the contact of the sandstone and mudstone) is distinctive and correlative throughout the study area. The boundary is considered to be formed under similar water depth. The variations of the boundary height indicate a later ground movement. From the north to the south in about 25km distance, the height of the boundary changes 260m (in Ukan), 300m (in Takeshou), 360m (in Kibikogentoshi) and 260m (in Nichiouji). It indicates that a very gentle upwarping of the Kibi Plateau Surface was formed after the deposition of the Miocene. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TANAKAHajime en-aut-sei=TANAKA en-aut-mei=Hajime kn-aut-name=田中元 kn-aut-sei=田中 kn-aut-mei=元 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SUZUKIShigeyuki en-aut-sei=SUZUKI en-aut-mei=Shigeyuki kn-aut-name=鈴木茂之 kn-aut-sei=鈴木 kn-aut-mei=茂之 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Seibu Engineering Consultants Co., Ltd. kn-affil=西部技術コンサルタント株式会社 affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Earth Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学理学部地球科学科 en-keyword=Kibi Plateau Surface kn-keyword=Kibi Plateau Surface en-keyword=Upwarping kn-keyword=Upwarping en-keyword=Miocene kn-keyword=Miocene en-keyword=Ukan Formation kn-keyword=Ukan Formation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=17 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=e0277968 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20221207 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Behavioural osmoregulation during land invasion in fish: Prandial drinking and wetting of the dry skin en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Osmoregulatory behaviours should have evolutionarily modified for terrestrialisation of vertebrates. In mammals, sensations of buccal food and drying have immediate effects on postprandial thirst to prevent future systemic dehydration, and is thereby considered to be 'anticipatory thirst'. However, it remains unclear whether such an anticipatory response has been acquired in the non-tetrapod lineage. Using the mudskipper goby (Periophthalmus modestus) as a semi-terrestrial ray-finned fish, we herein investigated postprandial drinking and other unique features like full-body 'rolling' over on the back although these behaviours had not been considered to have osmoregulatory functions. In our observations on tidal flats, mudskippers migrated into water areas within a minute after terrestrial eating, and exhibited rolling behaviour with accompanying pectoral-fin movements. In aquarium experiments, frequency of migration into a water area for drinking increased within a few minutes after eating onset, without systemic dehydration. During their low humidity exposure, frequency of the rolling behaviour and pectoral-fin movements increased by more than five times to moisten the skin before systemic dehydration. These findings suggest anticipatory responses which arise from oral/gastrointestinal and cutaneous sensation in the goby. These sensation and motivation seem to have evolved in distantly related species in order to solve osmoregulatory challenges during terrestrialisation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KatayamaYukitoshi en-aut-sei=Katayama en-aut-mei=Yukitoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsukadaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tsukada en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HyodoSusumu en-aut-sei=Hyodo en-aut-mei=Susumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakamotoHirotaka en-aut-sei=Sakamoto en-aut-mei=Hirotaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakamotoTatsuya en-aut-sei=Sakamoto en-aut-mei=Tatsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Biomolecular Science, Toho University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220922 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=吉井川及び旭川の汽水域における干潟造成に向けた物理環境特性の検討 kn-title=Investigation of the physical environmental characteristics for tidal flat creation in brackish water areas of the Yoshii river and the Asahi river en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AL-BAGHDADI Mohammed Baqer Naji en-aut-sei=AL-BAGHDADI Mohammed Baqer Naji en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=101 cd-vols= no-issue=41 article-no= start-page=e30997 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20221014 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Endoscopic findings of gastric neoplasms in familial adenomatous polyposis are associated with the phenotypic variations and grades of dysplasia en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are at increased risk of developing gastric neoplasms. However, endoscopic findings have not been sufficiently investigated. We investigated the phenotypic expression of gastric adenoma (low-grade dysplasia) and gastric cancer (high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma) in patients with FAP and clarified their relationships to endoscopic findings. Of 29 patients with FAP who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy between 2005 and 2020, 11 (38%) had histologically confirmed gastric neoplasms, including 23 lesions of gastric adenoma and 9 lesions of gastric cancer. The gastric neoplasms were classified into 3 phenotypes (gastric, mixed, or intestinal type) according to the immunostaining results and evaluated for location (U or M region: upper or middle third of the stomach or L region: lower third of the stomach), color (same as the background mucosa, whitish, or reddish), macroscopic type (elevated, flat, or depressed), background mucosal atrophy (present or absent), fundic gland polyps in the surrounding mucosa (present or absent), and morphologic changes in tumor size. Elevated whitish gastric adenomas were further subdivided by macroscopic type (flat elevated, protruded, or elevated with a central depression) and color (milky- or pinkish-white). The gastric adenomas included gastric (11/23, 48%), mixed (4/23, 17%), and intestinal (8/23, 35%) phenotypes. In contrast, no lesions of gastric cancers showed a gastric phenotype (0/9, 0%), while 5 (56%) and 4 (44%) lesions were intestinal and mixed phenotypes, respectively. Gastric cancers were significantly more likely than gastric adenomas to present as reddish depressed lesions with gastric atrophy. All gastric-type adenomas occurred in non-atrophic mucosa, in mucosa with fundic gland polyps in the periphery, in the U or M region, and as flat elevated or protruded lesions with a milky-white color. Half of the lesions increased in size. Meanwhile, the typical endoscopic features of intestinal-type adenomas included occurrence in the L region and elevated pinkish-white lesions with central depression. None of the intestinal-type adenomas increased in size during the observation period. We believe that these endoscopic features will be useful for the prompt diagnosis and appropriate management of gastric neoplasms in patients with FAP. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KobashiMayu en-aut-sei=Kobashi en-aut-mei=Mayu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IwamuroMasaya en-aut-sei=Iwamuro en-aut-mei=Masaya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuraokaSakiko en-aut-sei=Kuraoka en-aut-mei=Sakiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=InooShoko en-aut-sei=Inoo en-aut-mei=Shoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkanoueShotaro en-aut-sei=Okanoue en-aut-mei=Shotaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatomiTakuya en-aut-sei=Satomi en-aut-mei=Takuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamadaKenta en-aut-sei=Hamada en-aut-mei=Kenta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=AbeMakoto en-aut-sei=Abe en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=KonoYoshiyasu en-aut-sei=Kono en-aut-mei=Yoshiyasu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanzakiHiromitsu en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Hiromitsu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawanoSeiji en-aut-sei=Kawano en-aut-mei=Seiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawaharaYoshiro en-aut-sei=Kawahara en-aut-mei=Yoshiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Department of Practical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=familial adenomatous polyposis kn-keyword=familial adenomatous polyposis en-keyword=gastric adenoma kn-keyword=gastric adenoma en-keyword=gastric cancer kn-keyword=gastric cancer en-keyword=phenotypic variations kn-keyword=phenotypic variations END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=58 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=3470 end-page=3485 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20225 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=SMC Development Guidelines for Axial Flux PM Machines Employing Coreless Rotor Structure for Enhancing Efficiency Based on Experimental Results en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In recent years, there has been growing demand for flat electrical machines in order to minimize system size while also maintaining high efficiency. In general, axial flux machines (AFMs) are more suitable for flat form than radial flux machines (RFMs). AFMs usually employ a soft magnetic composite (SMC) for the stator core, and their efficiency can be improved by employing an SMC that has low iron loss. However, this reduces the average torque because there is generally a tradeoff relationship between iron loss and magnetic permeability in SMCs. This article, therefore, proposes an AFM with a coreless rotor structure in which the torque performance is not easily affected by the permeability of the SMC. This article aims to reveal the ideal SMC characteristics for high efficiency in AFMs. First, many virtual SMC materials with different iron loss and permeability are used for simulations of AFMs in order to investigate sensitivity to material properties. The simulations by virtual SMCs take into account the experimental increase in the iron loss. As a result, guidelines for developing SMCs are constructed based on the experimental results. Finally, prototype AFMs employing new SMCs developed by following the guidelines are shown, and it is found that they offer higher efficiency in all operating area than conventional AFMs. In particular, one prototype achieves an extremely high efficiency of over 96% at 6000 r/min, 0.8 Nm in experiments. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TsunataRen en-aut-sei=Tsunata en-aut-mei=Ren kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakemotoMasatsugu en-aut-sei=Takemoto en-aut-mei=Masatsugu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OgasawaraSatoshi en-aut-sei=Ogasawara en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SaitoTatsuya en-aut-sei=Saito en-aut-mei=Tatsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=UenoTomoyuki en-aut-sei=Ueno en-aut-mei=Tomoyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Division of Industrial Innovation Sciences Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Division of Industrial Innovation Sciences Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=4 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=025301 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220317 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=High-quality micro-shape fabrication of monocrystalline diamond by nanosecond pulsed laser and acid cleaning en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The flat plane of small surface roughness below 0.1 mu m average roughness was obtained for monocrystalline diamond by nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation of 1060 nm and post-process acid cleaning, at a laser fluence around the material removal threshold value. The glossy and flat plane at the bottom of the micro-groove was parallel to the top surface of the specimen, although the round beam of Gaussian mode was irradiated in the direction perpendicular to the top surface of specimen. The square beam of top-hat mode produced a shallower micro-groove with a wider, flatter bottom compared with the round beam in Gaussian mode. The creation method of the flat plane with small surface roughness was discussed in the arrangement strategy of linear micro-grooving by the square beam of top-hat mode. Normal side-by-side repetition of linear micro-grooving did not create a flat plane with constant depth. Therefore, a two-step scanning method was proposed in order to overcome the problem in the normal side-by-side repetition of liner micro-grooving. Non-removal areas were partly retained between the processing lines in the first step, and the laser scanning was conducted on the retained area in the second step. The newly proposed two-step scanning method was practical and useful to create a widely flat plane with small surface roughness, and the two-step scanning method provided superior control over the micro-groove depth. This proposed method can reduce the surface roughness in addition to the shape creation of monocrystalline diamond, and it can be used as a high-quality micro-shape fabrication method of monocrystalline diamond. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkamotoYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkuboTubasa en-aut-sei=Okubo en-aut-mei=Tubasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KajitaniAtsuya en-aut-sei=Kajitani en-aut-mei=Atsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaAkira en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=monocrystalline diamond kn-keyword=monocrystalline diamond en-keyword=nanosecond pulsed laser kn-keyword=nanosecond pulsed laser en-keyword=flat surface kn-keyword=flat surface en-keyword=smooth surface kn-keyword=smooth surface en-keyword=micro-grooving kn-keyword=micro-grooving END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=8 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1 end-page=8 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210623 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Prostate Cancer Detected by Choroidal Tumor and Complete Response to Hormonal Therapy: Case Report and Literature Review of 24 Patients With Choroidal Metastasis From Prostate Cancer en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Metastatic choroidal tumors derived from prostate cancer are rare. In this study, we report a patient who manifested a choroidal tumor as the initial presenting sign of prostate cancer and review 23 patients with choroidal metastasis of prostate cancer in the literature to answer a clinical question how the choroidal metastases would respond to hormonal therapy. A 73-year-old man presented with a choroidal tumor in the right eye. He was in good health and had no previous history except for current hemodialysis in 3 years due to chronic renal failure as a sequel to glomerulonephritis. With the diagnosis of a probable metastatic tumor, positron emission tomography was performed to disclose high-uptake sites in multiple bones, lymph nodes, and the prostate, together with multiple nodular lesions in bilateral lungs on computed tomography (CT) scan. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was elevated to 541 ng/mL, which supported prostate cancer as the primary site. He had degarelix injection, and the choroidal tumor resolved rapidly and became flat degeneration in a month. Prostate biopsy showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and he underwent surgical castration. He had no medication until 3 years later when he showed gradual increase of serum PSA up to 6.05 ng/mL and multiple bony metastases on CT scan. Bicalutamide, switched to enzalutamide and then to abiraterone, led to the undetectable level of serum PSA until the last visit with no relapse of the choroidal metastasis, 6.8 years after the initial visit. In the literature review of 24 patients with choroidal metastasis of prostate cancer, including this patient, 8 patients presented a choroidal tumor as the initial sign and the choroidal lesions mostly showed complete response to hormonal therapy. Among 13 patients who were frequently in the course of hormonal therapy, choroidal metastases showed complete or partial response to external beam radiation to the eye in 11 patients and episcleral plaque radiotherapy in 2 patients. In conclusion, metastatic choroidal tumors of prostate cancer would show good response to hormonal therapy when the therapy has not been initiated. Hormone-resistant choroidal metastases in the therapeutic course of prostate cancer could be managed successfully by external beam radiation to the eye. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakamuraAya en-aut-sei=Nakamura en-aut-mei=Aya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=WadaKoichiro en-aut-sei=Wada en-aut-mei=Koichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Urology, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=5Urology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=prostate cancer kn-keyword=prostate cancer en-keyword=choroidal/uveal tumor kn-keyword=choroidal/uveal tumor en-keyword=choroidal/uveal metastasis kn-keyword=choroidal/uveal metastasis en-keyword=radiation kn-keyword=radiation en-keyword=surgical castration kn-keyword=surgical castration en-keyword=complete remission kn-keyword=complete remission en-keyword=hormonal therapy kn-keyword=hormonal therapy en-keyword=literature review kn-keyword=literature review en-keyword=prostate-specific antigen kn-keyword=prostate-specific antigen en-keyword=PSA kn-keyword=PSA en-keyword=positron emission tomography kn-keyword=positron emission tomography en-keyword=PET kn-keyword=PET END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=72 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=153 end-page=164 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2018 dt-pub=201804 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Image Quality of the Coronary Angiography with Noise Reduction Technology to Decrease the Radiation Dose en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= We examined the effects of a reduced exposure dose on the quality of images from an angiography device augmented with a noise reduction algorithm. Before its clinical application, we compared the diameter of the discrimination limit of the hole with that in the conventional method by a visual evaluation with a contrast-detail (C-D) phantom imaged using the target dose. Based on the results, a reducible dose was determined and applied clinically. The sample population consisted of patients being followed up after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for coronary artery disease; we evaluated the effects of the exposure reduction on image quality. A significant dose reduction was observed by the noise-reduction method compared to the conventional method; the radiation dose to the flat panel detector (FPD) could be reduced to 70 nGy per frame. Clinically, a dose reduction of approx. 40% was obtained while maintaining image quality almost equal to that of the conventional method. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KumashiroMasayuki en-aut-sei=Kumashiro en-aut-mei=Masayuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KataokaTakahiro en-aut-sei=Kataoka en-aut-mei=Takahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YokotaShinobu en-aut-sei=Yokota en-aut-mei=Shinobu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakagawaShinobu en-aut-sei=Nakagawa en-aut-mei=Shinobu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtsukiKeisuke en-aut-sei=Otsuki en-aut-mei=Keisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyakeNobuyuki en-aut-sei=Miyake en-aut-mei=Nobuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OsumiShinji en-aut-sei=Osumi en-aut-mei=Shinji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamaokaKiyonori en-aut-sei=Yamaoka en-aut-mei=Kiyonori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Kurashiki Central Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Kurashiki Central Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Kurashiki Central Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Kurashiki Central Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Kurashiki Central Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=image quality kn-keyword=image quality en-keyword=radiation dose kn-keyword=radiation dose en-keyword=noise reduction kn-keyword=noise reduction en-keyword=percutaneous coronary intervention kn-keyword=percutaneous coronary intervention en-keyword=contrast-detail phantom kn-keyword=contrast-detail phantom END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=226 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=165 end-page=203 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2017 dt-pub=201706 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Canonical and n-canonical modules of a Noetherian algebra en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= We define canonical and -canonical modules of a module-finite algebra over a Noether commutative ring and study their basic properties. Using -canonical modules, we generalize a theorem on -syzygy by Araya and Iima which generalize a well-known theorem on syzygies by Evans and Griffith. Among others, we prove a noncommutative version of Aoyama’s theorem which states that a canonical module descends with respect to a flat local homomorphism. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HashimotoMitsuyasu en-aut-sei=Hashimoto en-aut-mei=Mitsuyasu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Mathematics, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=59 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=93 end-page=111 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2017 dt-pub=201701 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Gauss maps of cuspidal edges in hyperbolic 3-space, with application to flat fronts en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We study singularities of de Sitter Gauss map images of cuspidal edges in hyperbolic 3-space. We show relations between singularities of de Sitter Gauss map images and differential geometric properties of cuspidal edges. Moreover, we apply this result to flat fronts in hyperbolic 3-space. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OgataYuta en-aut-sei=Ogata en-aut-mei=Yuta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TeramotoKeisuke en-aut-sei=Teramoto en-aut-mei=Keisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Mathematics, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Mathematics, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University kn-affil= en-keyword=cuspidal edge kn-keyword=cuspidal edge en-keyword=swallowtail kn-keyword=swallowtail en-keyword=de Sitter Gauss map image kn-keyword=de Sitter Gauss map image en-keyword=singularity kn-keyword=singularity en-keyword=flat front kn-keyword=flat front END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=459 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=76 end-page=108 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=20160801 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Equivariant class group. I. Finite generation of the Picard and the class groups of an invariant subring en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The purpose of this paper is to define equivariant class group of a locally Krull scheme (that is, a scheme which is locally a prime spectrum of a Krull domain) with an action of a flat group scheme, study its basic properties, and apply it to prove the finite generation of the class group of an invariant subring. In particular, we prove the following. Let k be a field, G a smooth k-group scheme of finite type, and X a quasi-compact quasi-separated locally Krull G-scheme. Assume that there is a k-scheme Z of finite type and a dominant k -morphism Z→XZ→X. Let φ:X→Yφ:X→Y be a G -invariant morphism such that OY→(φ⁎OX)GOY→(φ⁎OX)G is an isomorphism. Then Y is locally Krull. If, moreover, Cl(X)Cl(X) is finitely generated, then Cl(G,X)Cl(G,X) and Cl(Y)Cl(Y) are also finitely generated, where Cl(G,X)Cl(G,X) is the equivariant class group. In fact, Cl(Y)Cl(Y) is a subquotient of Cl(G,X)Cl(G,X). For actions of connected group schemes on affine schemes, there are similar results of Magid and Waterhouse, but our result also holds for disconnected G. The proof depends on a similar result on (equivariant) Picard groups. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HashimotoMitsuyasu en-aut-sei=Hashimoto en-aut-mei=Mitsuyasu kn-aut-name=橋本光靖 kn-aut-sei=橋本 kn-aut-mei=光靖 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学大学院自然科学研究科 en-keyword=Invariant theory kn-keyword=Invariant theory en-keyword=Class group kn-keyword=Class group en-keyword=Picard group kn-keyword=Picard group en-keyword=Krull ring kn-keyword=Krull ring END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=4 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=534 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2015 dt-pub=20150921 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Clinical decision upon resection or observation of ocular surface dermoid lesions with the visual axis unaffected in pediatric patients en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Ocular surface or epibulbar dermoid lesions may present as limbal dermoids at the corneal limbus or dermolipomas in the conjunctival fornix. The purpose of this study is to review clinical features of ocular surface dermoids (grade I), with the visual axis unaffected, in pediatric patients, in order to find key features for making clinical decision, either resection or observation. The study involved 13 consecutive patients with limbal dermoids or fornix dermolipomas which did not affect the visual axis, seen in 11 years at a referral-based institution. Eight patients underwent surgical resection at the age, ranging from 1 to 18 (median, 4) years, with concurrent preauricular appendage resection in 3 patients. Limbal dermoids in 6 patients presented dome-shaped elevation from the ocular surface, and extended in inferotemporal quadrant for 1-2 clock hours. The remaining 2 patients showed dermolipomas in the temporal conjunctival fornix. Postoperative astigmatism at the final visit ranged from 0 to 7 (median, 2.9) diopters in 6 patients with limbal dermoids while ranged from 0 to 1 diopters in 2 patients with fornix dermolipomas. All patients with meaningful astigmatism wore glasses before and after the surgery, resulting in no apparent ametropic or anisometropic amblyopia. Observation was chosen in 5 patients with the age at initial visit, ranging from 0 to 2 (median, 1) years, and the age at the final visit, ranging from 2 to 6 (median, 3) years. Flat limbal dermoids, extending for 1-2 clock hours, were noted in 3 patients, a dome-shaped limbal dermoid for 1 clock hour in one, and a fornix dermolipoma in one. Three patients had preauricular appendages. No patient, except for one with a dome-shaped limbal dermoid, showed astigmatism, greater than one diopter. In conclusions, dome-shaped limbal dermoids were excised while flat limbal dermoids observed. The age at surgery varied largely in pediatric patients with limbal dermoids (grade I) or fornix dermolipomas which did not affect the visual axis. The surgical timing was influenced by surgical scheduling for preauricular appendage resection, determined by a plastic surgeon. Surgical decision was made for cosmetic purposes, but not for medical needs to avoid amblyopia. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences en-keyword=Limbal dermoid kn-keyword=Limbal dermoid en-keyword=Dermoid cyst kn-keyword=Dermoid cyst en-keyword=Dermolipoma kn-keyword=Dermolipoma en-keyword=Ocular surface kn-keyword=Ocular surface en-keyword=Conjunctival fornix kn-keyword=Conjunctival fornix en-keyword=Astigmatism kn-keyword=Astigmatism en-keyword=Clinical decision kn-keyword=Clinical decision en-keyword=Preauricular appendages or tags kn-keyword=Preauricular appendages or tags en-keyword=Amblyopia kn-keyword=Amblyopia en-keyword=Surgery kn-keyword=Surgery END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=21 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=7 end-page=11 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2014 dt-pub=20141227 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Paleoparadoxia from the middle Miocene of Obara, Misaki-cho, Okayama Prefecture, Japan kn-title=岡山県美咲町小原周辺に分布する中部中新統からのPaleoparadoxiaの産出報告 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=　The partially preserved left humerus of the Desmostylia (Mammalia) has been collected from the riverbed in Obara, Misaki-cho, Okayama Prefecture in the western Japan. This specimen can be classified to the genus Paleoparadoxia by the following features: the absence of the supratrochlear foramen; the curved disto-lateral border of the shaft in the antero-posterior view; the medio-laterally expanded flat trochlea of humerus. Moreover, this specimen can be referred to cf. P. media on the basis of its middle-sized dimensions. This is the second occurrence of Palaeoparadoxia from Okayama Prefecture. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FukuchiAkira en-aut-sei=Fukuchi en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name=福地亮 kn-aut-sei=福地 kn-aut-mei=亮 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiShigeyuki en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Shigeyuki kn-aut-name=鈴木茂之 kn-aut-sei=鈴木 kn-aut-mei=茂之 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=株式会社 阪神コンサルタンツ 川内調査事務所 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院自然科学研究科 en-keyword=Middle Miocene kn-keyword=Middle Miocene en-keyword=mammal kn-keyword=mammal en-keyword=Desmostylia kn-keyword=Desmostylia en-keyword=Paleoparadoxia kn-keyword=Paleoparadoxia END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=57 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=149 end-page=158 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2015 dt-pub=201501 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=ON ∅-RECURRENT CONTACT METRIC MANIFOLDS en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this paper, we prove that evry 3-dimensional manifold M is a ∅-recurrent N(k)-contact metric manifold if and only if it is flat. Then we classify the ∅-recurrent contact metric manifolds of constant curvature. This implies that there exists no ∅-recurrent N(k)-contact metric manifold, which is neither symmetric nor locally ∅-symmetric. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=PeyghanEsmaeil en-aut-sei=Peyghan en-aut-mei=Esmaeil kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NasrabadiHassan en-aut-sei=Nasrabadi en-aut-mei=Hassan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TayebiAkbar en-aut-sei=Tayebi en-aut-mei=Akbar kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science Arak University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science Arak University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science University of Qom en-keyword=Constant curvature kn-keyword=Constant curvature en-keyword=Locally ∅-symmetric kn-keyword=Locally ∅-symmetric en-keyword=N(k)-contact metric manifold kn-keyword=N(k)-contact metric manifold en-keyword=∅-recurrent kn-keyword=∅-recurrent END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2014 dt-pub=20140325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=瀬戸内海の泥干潟に生息するアナジャコの形態異常に影響する地域的要因 kn-title=Local factors affecting morphological abnormalities in the mud shrimp, Upogebia major, inhabiting mud tidal flats of the Seto Inland Sea en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Jonathan Pino Ubaldo en-aut-sei=Jonathan Pino Ubaldo en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=125 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=113 end-page=117 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=20130801 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Pathological diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma kn-title=尿路上皮癌の病理診断―特に平坦病変について― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YanaiHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Yanai en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name=柳井広之 kn-aut-sei=柳井 kn-aut-mei=広之 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学病院 病理診断科 en-keyword=尿路上皮癌 kn-keyword=尿路上皮癌 en-keyword=尿路上皮異形成 kn-keyword=尿路上皮異形成 en-keyword=尿路上皮内癌 kn-keyword=尿路上皮内癌 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=67 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=197 end-page=202 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=201306 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Proximal Vertebral Body Fracture after 4-Level Fusion Using L1 as the Upper Instrumented Vertebra for Lumbar Degenerative Disease: Report of 2 Cases with Literature Review en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Some cases with lumbar degenerative diseases require multi-level fusion surgeries. At our institute, 27 and 4 procedures of 3- and 4-level fusion were performed out of a total 672 posterior lumbar interfusions (PLIFs) on patients with lumbar degenerative disease from 2005 to 2010. We present 2 osteoporotic patients who developed proximal vertebral body fracture after 4-level fusion. Both cases presented with gait disability for leg pain by degenerative lumbar scoliosis and canal stenosis at the levels of L1/2-4/5. After 4-level fusion using L1 as the upper instrumented vertebra, proximal vertebral body fractures were found along with the right pedicle fractures of L1 in both cases. One of these patients, aged 82 years, was treated as an outpatient using a hard corset for 24 months, but the fractures were exacerbated over time. In the other patient, posterolateral fusion was extended from Th10 to L5. Both patients can walk alone and have been thoroughly followed up. In both cases, the fracture of the right L1 pedicle might be related to the subsequent fractures and fusion failure. In consideration of multi-level fusion, L1 should be avoided as an upper instrumented vertebra to prevent junctional kyphosis, especially in cases with osteoporosis and flat back posture. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YasuharaTakao en-aut-sei=Yasuhara en-aut-mei=Takao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiYuichi en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Yuichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KumamotoShinji en-aut-sei=Kumamoto en-aut-mei=Shinji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakaharaMasayuki en-aut-sei=Nakahara en-aut-mei=Masayuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YonedaKotaro en-aut-sei=Yoneda en-aut-mei=Kotaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NiimuraTatsuomi en-aut-sei=Niimura en-aut-mei=Tatsuomi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanoueTakashi en-aut-sei=Tanoue en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KusumegiAkira en-aut-sei=Kusumegi en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SennariTakashi en-aut-sei=Sennari en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=HijikataYasukazu en-aut-sei=Hijikata en-aut-mei=Yasukazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=ManabeHiroaki en-aut-sei=Manabe en-aut-mei=Hiroaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiYasuyuki en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Yasuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=DateIsao en-aut-sei=Date en-aut-mei=Isao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=OgawaKoichi en-aut-sei=Ogawa en-aut-mei=Koichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishidaKenki en-aut-sei=Nishida en-aut-mei=Kenki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Spinal Surgery, Shinkomonji Hospital affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Spinal Surgery, Shinkomonji Hospital affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Spinal Surgery, Shinkomonji Hospital affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Spinal Surgery, Shinkomonji Hospital affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Spinal Surgery, Shinkomonji Hospital affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Spinal Surgery, Shinkomonji Hospital affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Spinal Surgery, Shinkomonji Hospital affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Spinal Surgery, Shinkomonji Hospital affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Spinal Surgery, Shinkomonji Hospital affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Spinal Surgery, Shinkomonji Hospital affil-num=11 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital affil-num=12 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital affil-num=13 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital affil-num=14 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Spinal Surgery, Shinkomonji Hospital affil-num=15 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Spinal Surgery, Shinkomonji Hospital en-keyword=degenerative lumbar scoliosis kn-keyword=degenerative lumbar scoliosis en-keyword=osteoporosis kn-keyword=osteoporosis en-keyword=pedicle fracture kn-keyword=pedicle fracture en-keyword=posterior lumbar interbody fusion kn-keyword=posterior lumbar interbody fusion en-keyword=vertebral body fracture kn-keyword=vertebral body fracture END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=47 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=127 end-page=135 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2012 dt-pub=201202 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Detectability of colorectal neoplasia with fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The purpose of this study was to analyze the detectability of colorectal neoplasia with fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT). Data for a total of 492 patients who had undergone both PET/CT and colonoscopy were analyzed. After the findings of PET/CT and colonoscopy were determined independently, the results were compared in each of the six colonic sites examined in all patients. The efficacy of PET/CT was determined using colonoscopic examination as the gold standard. In all, 270 colorectal lesions 5 mm or more in size, including 70 pathologically confirmed malignant lesions, were found in 172 patients by colonoscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT for detecting any of the colorectal lesions were 36 and 98%, respectively. For detecting lesions 11 mm or larger, the sensitivity was increased to 85%, with the specificity remaining consistent (97%). Moreover, the sensitivity for tumors 21 mm or larger was 96% (48/50). Tumors with malignant or high-grade pathology were likely to be positive with PET/CT. A size of 10 mm or smaller [odds ratio (OR) 44.14, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 11.44-221.67] and flat morphology (OR 7.78, 95% CI 1.79-36.25) were significant factors that were associated with false-negative cases on PET/CT. The sensitivity of PET/CT for detecting colorectal lesions is acceptable, showing size- and pathology-dependence, suggesting, for the most part, that clinically relevant lesions are detectable with PET/CT. However, when considering PET/CT for screening purposes caution must be exercised because there are cases of false-negative results. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HirakawaTomoko en-aut-sei=Hirakawa en-aut-mei=Tomoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatoJun en-aut-sei=Kato en-aut-mei=Jun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkumuraYoshihiro en-aut-sei=Okumura en-aut-mei=Yoshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HoriKeisuke en-aut-sei=Hori en-aut-mei=Keisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiSakuma en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Sakuma kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiHideyuki en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Hideyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkitaMitsuhiro en-aut-sei=Akita en-aut-mei=Mitsuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=HigashiReiji en-aut-sei=Higashi en-aut-mei=Reiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SaitoShunsuke en-aut-sei=Saito en-aut-mei=Shunsuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=KajiEisuke en-aut-sei=Kaji en-aut-mei=Eisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=UraokaToshio en-aut-sei=Uraoka en-aut-mei=Toshio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiraokaSakiko en-aut-sei=Hiraoka en-aut-mei=Sakiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoKazuhide en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Kazuhide kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Wakayama Med Univ, Dept Internal Med 2 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Radiol affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Endoscopy affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=11 en-affil= kn-affil=Keio Univ, Sch Med, Div Res & Dev Minimally Invas Treatment, Canc Ctr affil-num=12 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=13 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol en-keyword=Colorectal neoplasia kn-keyword=Colorectal neoplasia en-keyword=Positron emission tomography kn-keyword=Positron emission tomography en-keyword=Computed tomography kn-keyword=Computed tomography en-keyword=Cancer screening kn-keyword=Cancer screening en-keyword=Colonoscopy kn-keyword=Colonoscopy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=49 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=3388 end-page=3391 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2011 dt-pub=201108 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Superhydrophilicity on nano-rough carbon surfaces achieved by hyperthermal oxygen-atom beam exposure en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In order to investigate a method to increase hydrophilicity on nano-rough carbon surfaces, a nano-rough surface of C(60) film and an atomically flat surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) were oxidized by hyperthermal oxygen-atom beam exposure and the hydrophilicities of the surfaces were investigated. Superhydrophilicity were achieved on these exposed carbon surfaces, which had low O/C ratio of approximately 28% and surface roughness (Ra) of approximately 3 nm. The direct oxidations on sp(2) bonded carbon atoms (basal plane) of these two carbon materials by the exposure of hyperthermal O-atom beam would contribute the superhydrophilicity. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KinoshitaHiroshi en-aut-sei=Kinoshita en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakayamaTakashi en-aut-sei=Nakayama en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumotoNaohiro en-aut-sei=Matsumoto en-aut-mei=Naohiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhmaeNobuo en-aut-sei=Ohmae en-aut-mei=Nobuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=157 end-page=182 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19570131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF EXPERIMENTAL POISONING BY HYDROGEN SULFIDE II. Histopathologic Changes in the Endocrine Glands kn-title=実験的硫化水素中毒の病理組織学的研究 第2編 特に脳下垂体・松果腺・甲状腺・上皮小体・胸腺・副腎及び睾丸の変化に就て en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Histologic observation was made on the lesons in various endocrine glands of the mouse and rabbit caused by hydrogen sulfide poisoning. The results are briefly summarized as follows: 1. The Hypophysis. In the anterior lobe, the chromophobe cells markedly decreased in number and displayed an irregular arrangement. The alpha cells showed the decrease of acidophilic granules in number and of cytoplasm in size, and the younger forms of the alpha cells markedly increased. The beta cells increased both in size and in number with the cytoplasm crowded with basophilic granules. The cells in the pars intermedia were deeply stained, the cytoplasm becoming compact in structure. 2. The Pineal gland. The gland cells showed a considerable atrophy, the cell borders becoming less distinct, and pycnotic nuclei seeming to crowd closely together. 3. The Thyroid gland. The lumens of the follicules were dilated with a marked increase of diluted colloid in amount. The colloid became quite homogenous with the disappearance of all vacuoles, and the follicular epithelium showed a low cuboidal or flat form. 4. The Parathyroid glands. The principal cells increased in size with the cytoplasm crowded with deeply stained granules in their central zone and faintly stained in their peripheral zone. The nuclei were also large in size, having vesicular appearance. 5. The Thymus. The bulk of the thymus was increased in general. The cortical cells decreased in number, the cortex thinning remarkably, while the medulla showed generally a marked hyperplasia, especially the Hassal's bodies increased in number showing a marked hypertrophia with advanced hyperkeratosis. 6. The Adrenal glands. The cells of the zona glomerulosa in the cortex showed hyperplasia with an abundant cytoplasm and vesicular nucleus. The lipid content in the cells of the zona fasciculata was decreased, and their cytoplasms were stained deeply. The bulk of the medulla was increased by the hypertrophy of the medullar cells with polygonal cytoplasm crowded with deeply stained granules and a large vesicular nucleus embedded. The chrome reaction proved highly positive. 7. The Testis. Decline or absence of spermatogenesis was seen in some parts of the seminiferous tubuli. In some cases, the seminiferous epithelium occasionally displayed a marked atrophy or degeneration. The changes mentioned above showed no difference in quality but in intensity according to the kind of animals and methods used. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KuwaharaRyozo en-aut-sei=Kuwahara en-aut-mei=Ryozo kn-aut-name=桑原亮造 kn-aut-sei=桑原 kn-aut-mei=亮造 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部病理学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=32 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=59 end-page=98 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2000 dt-pub=20000910 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Income Distribution and Tax Reforms in Aging Japan kn-title=所得分布と高齢化社会における税制改革 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper examines the effects of changes in the variance of income distribution on both capital accumulation and social welfare in Japan, the society with an aging population. To analyze the problem, we adopt a simulation approach for an extended life-cycle general equilibrium model of overlapping generations with continuous income distribution. The simulation results indicate that the changes in the variance affect economic variables under a progressive tax scheme but they do not under a proportional tax scheme. The results also show that social welfare greatly increases as the variance shrinks. Therefore, the recent shift in Japan, where the taxation system has tended in effect to become flat, may cause a significant damage to social welfare. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkamotoAkira en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name=岡本章 kn-aut-sei=岡本 kn-aut-mei=章 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=53 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=83 end-page=100 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2011 dt-pub=201101 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=FP-GR-INJECTIVE MODULES en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this paper, we give some characterizations of FP-grinjective R-modules and graded right R-modules of FP-gr-injective dimension at most n. We study the existence of FP-gr-injective envelopes and FP-gr-injective covers. We also prove that (1) (⊥gr-FI, gr-FI) is a hereditary cotorsion theory if and only if R is a left gr-coherent ring, (2) If R is right gr-coherent with FP-gr-id(RR) ≤ n, then (gr-FIn, gr-F n⊥) is a perfect cotorsion theory, (3) (⊥gr-FIn, gr-FIn) is a cotorsion theory, where gr-FI denotes the class of all FP-gr-injective left R-modules, gr-FIn is the class of all graded right R-modules of FP-gr-injective dimension at most n. Some applications are given. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YangXiaoyan en-aut-sei=Yang en-aut-mei=Xiaoyan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=LiuZhongkui en-aut-sei=Liu en-aut-mei=Zhongkui kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Mathematics Northwest Normal University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Mathematics Northwest Normal University en-keyword=FP-gr-injective module kn-keyword=FP-gr-injective module en-keyword=graded flat module kn-keyword=graded flat module en-keyword=envelope and cover kn-keyword=envelope and cover en-keyword=cotorsion theory kn-keyword=cotorsion theory END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=11-1 article-no= start-page=7455 end-page=7472 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19591020 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The Structure of the Human Lymph Vessel kn-title=人のリンパ管壁の構造 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The stucture of the human lympl vessel wall was studied with a special reference to the muscular architecture, and also to the regional and individual differences. Twenty-eight preserved cadavers of Japanese adults and one fresh corpse were used. The specimens were prepared from them within the range macroscopically possible of obtaining necessary materials. Therefore, the smallest vessels were not involved in the present study. Besides ordinary histological procedures, film specimen method and graphical reconstruction were also applied. 1. The muscle bundles of the lymph vessel wall, ever changing their course, branching out, and anastomosing with one another, form a flat network (muscle bundle group or muscle plate). At the thicker portion, the muscular coat consists of multiple muscle plates. Their bundles intersect with one another obliquely and form diamond meshes, but there never interlace with one another like textile fabrics. Often a group of muscle bundles branches out from one muscle plate and form new musucle plate, the bundles of which are directed in another direction. Such communications of msucle bundles can be observed commonly in between each layer of the muscular coats (see below). 2. Elastica interna of the lymph vessel is poorly developed. It spreads out around the bundels of the inner longitudinal muscle, forming the elastic sheathes. Therefore, it is not necessarily of a single layer, but is often made up of a rather wide zone including longitudinal muscle bundles. 3. The muscles of the intima and the adventitia are thin, generally consisting of a single or double muscle plates running approximately longitudinally. The muscular coat of the media is thick. The muscle bundles rung enerally longitudinally in the inner layer and circularly in the outher layer with ones in transitional state in between. However, some of the vessels show all the muscle bundles of the media running longitudinally, while in others all circularly. The longitudinal muscle bundles of the intima and inner layer of the media, connecting with each other, constitute the inner longitudinal muscle of the lymph vessel. The course and obiqueness of the muscle bundles of the media are extremely irregular so that the coat offers variable patterns. 4. The regional differences in the structure of the lymph vessel are most markedly exhibited in the amount of the longitudinal and circular muscles. Furthermore, systematic differences are involved to a great extent in them, and local ones seem to be less significant. 5. Systematic differences. a) In the most peripheral lymph vessels the wall is thin, and contains only a small quantity of longitudinal muscle, suggesting the transformation to muscleless vessels. However, more proximally the wall becomes fairly thicker, the vessel showing considerable contraction. In this type the muscular coat is composed mostly of longitudinal bundles and only a few circular bundles can be recognized. Still nearer to the center the vessels are now made up of three muscular coats, namely, the inner logitudinal, the middle ciruclar and the outer longitudinal. As compared with the lumen the wall in rather thin, and contains less muscles, the contraction of the vessels growing weaker. According to these differences in the muscular architecture, author divided lymph vessels into five types. Of them the vessels consisted of three muscle coats seem to be designated as conducting lymph ducts. The thoracic duct and other lymph trunks as weel as vessels in the upper and lower limbs (excepting those in the periphery) and the chain of vessels ascending from the deep subinguinal nodes to the lumbar trunks belong to this category. Most of other medium-sized vessels belong to the vessels consisted only of longitudinal muscle. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NagahataShunro en-aut-sei=Nagahata en-aut-mei=Shunro kn-aut-name=長畠竣郎 kn-aut-sei=長畠 kn-aut-mei=竣郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部解剖学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=10-2 article-no= start-page=7065 end-page=7072 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Properties of Monomethoxyl-Bilirubindimethylester and Dimethoxybilirubin Dimethylester Part 1 A Study on the Chemical Properties of these Compounds kn-title=Monomethoxy-bilirubindimethylester及びdimethoxy-bilirubindimethylesterの性状に関する研究 第1篇 化学的性状に就て en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=By isolating monoeter and diether produced in the preparation of bilirubindimethylester from crystalline bilirubin with the use of diazomethane, the author studied the techniques of such isolation as well as the spectroscopic and chemical properties of these ethers, and obtained the following results. 1. For the isolation of monoether and diether by means of the column chromatography active alumina is most suitable as the adsorbent and chloroform is the best developer. 2. By drawing the infrared absorption curve of bilirubindimethylester and its monoether and diether isolated by the above techniques, our on the chemical structural patterns of these substances has been confirmed to be rational. 3. Bilirubindimethylester in the form of a chloroform solution has the maximum absorption at 400mμ, and both monoether and diether have the maximum at 420mμ, showing hardly any difference among these compounds. 4. With the use of organic solvents such as chloroform, petrolether, ethylacetate, and ethylether, bilirubindimethylester is positive to the direct diazo reaction while monoether and diether prove to be negative. 5. Azo dye in the methanol solution of monoether or diether has the maximum absorption at 550mμ, and acidic azo dye by laoding hydrochloric acid to the solution has the maximum absorption at 570mμ. 6. The azo dye obtained by means of direct diazo reaction with monether and diether of bilirubindimethylester gradually moves towards the long side of short wave with the lapse of time, and the peak of the absorption curve becomes flat. However, the maximum absorption of the acidic azo dye produced by loading hydrochloric acid does not change but remain constant. 7. Monoether and diether of bilirubindimethylesteter are both readily soluble in various organic solvents, but with exception of conc. hydrochloric acid and conc. sulfuric acid, they are soluble neither in acids or alklies. 8. In the observations of changes in the color tone monoether and diether in the form of a chlorform solution, taking Gmelin reaction of bilirubin chloroform solution as the control, each shows some differences in the color tone between the case loaded with cone. ferrous chloride aqueous solution and the case loaded with aldehyde reagent. This seems to be dependent upon the stability of each structural pattern. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ArichiSumiro en-aut-sei=Arichi en-aut-mei=Sumiro kn-aut-name=有地澄郎 kn-aut-sei=有地 kn-aut-mei=澄郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=7-1 article-no= start-page=3623 end-page=3635 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental study on Intraspinal Conduction of Convulsion in Cats kn-title=痙攣興奮の脊髄内における伝導に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Unit activity was recorded with intraspinal microelectrodes for investigating the modes of intraspinal conduction of metrazol convulsion in cats, in which succinyl choline chloride was injected to avoid the artefact caused by convulsion. 1) In the early stage, i. e. the tonic convulsion, small spikes about 200 p.s. were seen on the flat base line. 2) In the clonic convulsion, there were seen about 4 to 6 p.s. slow waves, on which about 200 p.s. small spikes and 20 p.s. fast waves were also observed. 3) The 4 to 6 p.s. slow waves corresponded with the rhythm and the time of appearance of the gross clonic movement. 4) The 20 p.s. fast waves corresponded with the rhythm and the time of appearance of the minute clonic spasm of the muscle, which was only seen in the stage of flexion of the clonic convulsion. 5) The 200 p.s. small spikes could only be recorded from the lateral fascicle, while the 4 to 6 p.s. slow waves could also be obtained even from the anterior fascicle. 6) The 4 to 6 p.s. slow waves synchronized with the electroencephalogram were simultaneously recorded, 7) These patterns of convulsive activity were obtained not only from the lateral fascicle of the thoracic cord, but also from the pyramidal decussation of the medulla and the lateral fascicle of the lumbar cord, and were considered to have their origin in the center above the medulla. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NakanoToyomichi en-aut-sei=Nakano en-aut-mei=Toyomichi kn-aut-name=中野豊道 kn-aut-sei=中野 kn-aut-mei=豊道 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1外科（陣内）教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=6-2 article-no= start-page=3251 end-page=3263 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590515 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the measurement of the degree of retraction of the human tympanic membrane using alginate impression material Part 2. Studies on human body kn-title=アルギン系印象材による生体鼓膜内陷度の計測に就いて 第2編 人の生体に於ける研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The present author, by the method of measuring human tympanic membrane by molding with alginate impression material, studied the detailed morphological changes of drum at normal pressure and-30mm Hg of the tympanum in 7 normal ears. 1. The present experiment was performed on 7 ears of 7 adults, 1655 years old, whose heasing acuity was normal and who had no abnormal findings in the tympanic membrane. 2. Average size of the tympanic membrane. Projecting on a flat surface the vertical diameter was 9.85mm, the diameter along the malleus 7.51mm and the horizontal diameter 7.55mm. In true lengths, the vertical diameter was 11.19mm, the diameter along the malleus 8.81mm and the horizontal diameter 8.77mm. The projection resulted in a shortening to about 14%. 3. The radius of the tympanic membrane from the umbo was shortest antero-inferiorly (3.63mm). The postero-inferior radius was next (4.39mm, and 4.42mm to the short process) and the postero-superior radius was longest (5.15mm). The average diameter of the pars flaccida was, along the vertical line, 2.37mm. 4. By negative pressure the tympanic memdrane was distended on the diameter along the malleus by 0.22mm (2.5%) and on the horizontal diameter by 0.17mm (1.97%). Centering the umbo the distention was 0.12mm (2.73%) on the postero-inferior radius, 0.09mm (2.48%) on the antero-inferior radius, 0.10mm (2.26%) along the malleus, and 0.08mm (1.55%) on the postero-superior radius. The distention was largest in the pars flaccida (0.22mm, 9.28%). 5. The average distance of the infundibulum to the imaginal surface of the tympanic membrane was 2.04mm, which was displaced 0.21mm medially by negative pressure. The height of the short process was 0.06mm. By negative pressure the process was displaced 0.18mm medially. The height of the basis of the pars flaccida was 0.49mm. The basis was retracted by negative pressure 0.35mm more. Namely, comparing to the degree of retraction of the umbo, that of the short process was smaller by 14.4% and that in the pars flaccida was larger by 67%. 6. The retraction in the pars tensa by negative pressure was most extreme in the posterosuperior part (0.26mm). This was larger than the retraction of the umbo by 24%. The retraction of the antero-inferior part was 0.18mm, that near the handle of the malleus 0.16mm, and that in the postero-inferior part was 0.13mm, which was slightest, and furthermore, smaller than the retraction of the umbo by 38%. 7. Otoscopically, the radius centering the umbo was 4.59mm in the antero-superior part, 3.11mm in the antero-inferior part, 3.16mm in the postero-inferior part, and 1.46mm in the postero-superior part. The radius was lengthened by negative pressure 0.32mm and 0.36mm in the antero-inferior and postero-inferior parts respectively, while it was shortened 0.01mm and 0.34mm in the antero-superior and postero-superior parts respectively. Namely, the umbo was displaced 0.35mm in the postero-superior direction and gave a criterion of measurement of the degree of retraction. 8. The average width of the posterior fold of the tympanic membrane, observed with an otoscope, was 0.75mm. By negative pressure it decreased by 0.36mm to a half. Thus it formed a sharp border by an extreme retraction of the posterior part of the tympanic membrane and accentuated the degre of the retraction. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=InokuchiTakeo en-aut-sei=Inokuchi en-aut-mei=Takeo kn-aut-name=井口武男 kn-aut-sei=井口 kn-aut-mei=武男 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部耳鼻咽喉科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=102 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=319 end-page=323 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1990 dt-pub=199004 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=A case of cardiac lipoma kn-title=Cardiac Lipomaの一例 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We reported a case of primary cardiac lipoma in a 74-year-old woman who had a 23-year history of cardiomegaly. The chest roentgenogram showed an enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. The electrocardiogram showed slight abnormalities including mild low voltage of R wave in V6 and flat T wave in V5 and V6. M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiography revealed a low echoic mass which mainly situated between left ventricular posterior wall and the pericardium. The left and right ventricular wall motion was not affected. Computed tomography of the heart revealed a large mass backward of the left ventricle and right side of the right atrium. The attenuation values of the mass ranged around-118HU and was compatible to lipoma. We diagnosed as a lipoma of the heart possibly arising from the pericardium. Computed tomography may be of use for a very specific diagnosis of cardiac lipoma. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HasuiMasahiro en-aut-sei=Hasui en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name=蓮井雅浩 kn-aut-sei=蓮井 kn-aut-mei=雅浩 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukouharaNaoki en-aut-sei=Mukouhara en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name=向原直木 kn-aut-sei=向原 kn-aut-mei=直木 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MarutaniMorio en-aut-sei=Marutani en-aut-mei=Morio kn-aut-name=丸谷盛雄 kn-aut-sei=丸谷 kn-aut-mei=盛雄 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhbayashiNaotsugu en-aut-sei=Ohbayashi en-aut-mei=Naotsugu kn-aut-name=大林直嗣 kn-aut-sei=大林 kn-aut-mei=直嗣 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShrakiTeruo en-aut-sei=Shraki en-aut-mei=Teruo kn-aut-name=白木照夫 kn-aut-sei=白木 kn-aut-mei=照夫 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=UchidaShinji en-aut-sei=Uchida en-aut-mei=Shinji kn-aut-name=内田真司 kn-aut-sei=内田 kn-aut-mei=真司 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=IharaKeiko en-aut-sei=Ihara en-aut-mei=Keiko kn-aut-name=井原敬子 kn-aut-sei=井原 kn-aut-mei=敬子 aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TogawaJun-ichiro en-aut-sei=Togawa en-aut-mei=Jun-ichiro kn-aut-name=戸川潤一郎 kn-aut-sei=戸川 kn-aut-mei=潤一郎 aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamanariHiroshi en-aut-sei=Yamanari en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name=山成洋 kn-aut-sei=山成 kn-aut-mei=洋 aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=HinaKazuyoshi en-aut-sei=Hina en-aut-mei=Kazuyoshi kn-aut-name=日名一誠 kn-aut-sei=日名 kn-aut-mei=一誠 aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=KusachiShozo en-aut-sei=Kusachi en-aut-mei=Shozo kn-aut-name=草地省蔵 kn-aut-sei=草地 kn-aut-mei=省蔵 aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsujiTakao en-aut-sei=Tsuji en-aut-mei=Takao kn-aut-name=辻孝夫 kn-aut-sei=辻 kn-aut-mei=孝夫 aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=MimaTsutomu en-aut-sei=Mima en-aut-mei=Tsutomu kn-aut-name=美馬敦 kn-aut-sei=美馬 kn-aut-mei=敦 aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsubaraKatashi en-aut-sei=Matsubara en-aut-mei=Katashi kn-aut-name=松原堅 kn-aut-sei=松原 kn-aut-mei=堅 aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=SaitoDaiji en-aut-sei=Saito en-aut-mei=Daiji kn-aut-name=斎藤大治 kn-aut-sei=斎藤 kn-aut-mei=大治 aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=HaraokaShoichi en-aut-sei=Haraoka en-aut-mei=Shoichi kn-aut-name=原岡昭一 kn-aut-sei=原岡 kn-aut-mei=昭一 aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaniHideki en-aut-sei=Tani en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name=谷秀樹 kn-aut-sei=谷 kn-aut-mei=秀樹 aut-affil-num=17 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科学教室 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科学教室 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科学教室 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科学教室 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科学教室 affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科学教室 affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科学教室 affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科学教室 affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科学教室 affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科学教室 affil-num=11 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科学教室 affil-num=12 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科学教室 affil-num=13 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部臨床検査医学教室 affil-num=14 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部臨床検査医学教室 affil-num=15 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部臨床検査医学教室 affil-num=16 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部臨床検査医学教室 affil-num=17 en-affil= kn-affil=川崎製鉄水島病院内科 en-keyword=Cardiac lipoma kn-keyword=Cardiac lipoma en-keyword=胸部CT kn-keyword=胸部CT en-keyword=心エコー kn-keyword=心エコー END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=148 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=145 end-page=148 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2001 dt-pub=200103 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Shape evolution of electrodeposited bumps into deep cavities en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Metal posts and finer pitch solder bumps are the indispensable microconnectors for chip size packaging and are formed by electrodeposition into deep cavities. It is difficult to stir inside these deep cavities. Natural convection due to density difference is effective in stirring inside cavity with 200 mum cathode width of aspect ratio of one. The bump shape increases toward lower side in a vertical cathode arrangement with placement angle of Theta = 90 degrees. This increase in bump height results from a collision of flow along the lower side of the resist sidewall which enlarges local current and thickens the lower edge of bumps. The effect of natural convection is also evident in the neighboring two cavities of 200 mum cathode width. The natural convection is not effective for cavities with less than 100 mum cathode width. The bump shapes become flat. Only diffusion occurs within these smaller than 100 mum cavities. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HayashiK en-aut-sei=Hayashi en-aut-mei=K kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukuiKeisuke en-aut-sei=Fukui en-aut-mei=Keisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaZenzo en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Zenzo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoKazuo en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Kazuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Himeji Institute of Technology affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=copper bumps kn-keyword=copper bumps END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=151 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=250 end-page=255 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=20042 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Role of additives for copper damascene electrodeposition experimental study on inhibition and acceleration effects en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

The role of copper Damascene additives is discussed based on electrodeposit morphology on a through-mask cathode, field emission-Auger (FE-Auger), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and electrochemical measurements. Adsorbed particles, several tens of nanometers in diameter were observed on copper-electrodeposited surfaces by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). These particles show a stronger oxygen intensity peak by FE-Auger spectrum than bare electrodeposited surfaces. The QCM frequency deviation did not increase with time in the CuSO4 and H2SO4 bath without polyethylene glycol (PEG) and chloride ion (Cl-) additives. When the substrates were immersed in the bath with these additives, the deviation markedly increased with time. Numerous PEG molecules were observed by FE-SEM immersed after 1000 s. The current density remained constant at a low value for the bath with PEG and Cl- additives. The current density started to increase markedly with time just after adding 1 ppm of bis(3-sulfopropyl) disulfide (SPS). Numerous PEG molecules were present on the electrodeposits before adding SPS. No PEG molecules, however, remained on the surface once SPS was added to the bath. The current density increased with narrower opening widths of the through-mask cathode. Despite this increase, the deposit cross sections on narrower opening widths of 2 and 10 mum were flat and no curvatures were found. Hence, the deposit curvature is not the origin of the acceleration effect. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KondoKazuo en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Kazuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumotoToshiaki en-aut-sei=Matsumoto en-aut-mei=Toshiaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeKeiji en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Keiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=polyethylene-glycol kn-keyword=polyethylene-glycol en-keyword=deposition kn-keyword=deposition END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=28 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=207 end-page=217 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1986 dt-pub=198601 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Families of geodesics which distinguish flat tori en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=InnamiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Innami en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=41 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=111 end-page=120 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1999 dt-pub=199901 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Purity of the Ideal of Continuous Functions with Compact Support en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

<P>Let C(X) be the ring of all continuous real valued functions defined on a completely regular T1-space. Let CK(X) be the ideal of functions with compact support. Purity of CK(X) is studied and characterized through the subspace XL, the set of all points in X with compact neighborhoods (nbhd). It is proved that CK(X) is pure if and only if XL=∪f∈CK supp f. if CK(X) and CK(Y) are pure ideals, then CK(X) is isomorphic to CK(Y) if and only if XL is homeomorphic to YL. It is proved that CK(X) is pure and XL is basically disconnected if and only if for every f ∈CK(X), the ideal (f ) is a projective C(X)-module. Finally it is proved that if CK(X) is pure, then XL is an F'-space if and only if every principal ideal of CK(X) is a flat C(X)-module. Concrete examples exemplifying the concepts studied are given.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AbuE. A. en-aut-sei=Abu en-aut-mei=E. A. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=Al-EzehH. en-aut-sei=Al-Ezeh en-aut-mei=H. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=University of Jordan affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=University of Jordan END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=57 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=109 end-page=116 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2003 dt-pub=200306 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Genome-wide search for strabismus susceptibility loci. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

The purpose of this study was to search for chromosomal susceptibility loci for comitant strabismus. Genomic DNA was isolated from 10mL blood taken from each member of 30 nuclear families in which 2 or more siblings are affected by either esotropia or exotropia. A genome-wide search was performed with amplification by polymerase chain reaction of 400 markers in microsatellite regions with approximately 10 cM resolution. For each locus, non-parametric affected sib-pair analysis and non-parametric linkage analysis for multiple pedigrees (Genehunter software, http://linkage.rockefeller.edu/soft/) were used to calculate multipoint lod scores and non-parametric linkage (NPL) scores, respectively. In sib-pair analysis, lod scores showed basically flat lines with several peaks of 0.25 on all chromosomes. In non-parametric linkage analysis for multiple pedigrees, NPL scores showed one peak as high as 1.34 on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 15, and 16, while 2 such peaks were found on chromosomes 3, 9, 11, 12, 18, and 20. Non-parametric linkage analysis for multiple pedigrees of 30 families with comitant strabismus suggested a number of chromosomal susceptibility loci. Our ongoing study involving a larger number of families will refine the accuracy of statistical analysis to pinpoint susceptibility loci for comitant strabismus.</P>

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujiwaraHirotake en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=Hirotake kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoMasako en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Masako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamaneTakashi en-aut-sei=Yamane en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitadaMizue en-aut-sei=Kitada en-aut-mei=Mizue kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HasebeSatoshi en-aut-sei=Hasebe en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukiHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ohtsuki en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=chromosomal susceptibility locus kn-keyword=chromosomal susceptibility locus en-keyword=esotropia kn-keyword=esotropia en-keyword=exotropia kn-keyword=exotropia en-keyword=genome-wide search kn-keyword=genome-wide search en-keyword=strabismus kn-keyword=strabismus END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=28 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=219 end-page=242 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1974 dt-pub=197406 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Ultrastructural studies on the microfilaria of Brugia malayi en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Ultrastructure of microfilaria Brugia malayi was investigated with electron microscope. Microfilariae are covered by a sheath membrane with dense materials on its outer surfaces. The cuticle consists of 3 layers; namely, external cortical, internal cortical and fibrous layer. Beneath these cuticular layers, thin hypodermis is present and the muscle cells are arranged of 4 groups in a crosssection except for the head and tail. A pair of cephalic channel containing several cilial rods opens at the anterior end of the worm. A hook is situated on the anterior edge of one channel orifice, and several spines grow on the opposite side to the hook. Caudal channels paired laterally opening into the both sides of the posterior region differ from cephalic channels by the presence of a single cilial rod. A central canal runs from the buccal cavity to the inner body, and opens into the inner body cell through the filamentous apparatus. The inner body appears to consist of several cells having storage substances and a flat nucleus located on the periphery of the cell. An excretory apparatus, i. e., a cell, is composed of a nucleus and a large vesicle which has many microprojections on the luminal surfaces. The GI cell which occupies the whole width in a cross-section is larger than the R cell. R2-R4 cells appear to be in a close contact with the anal apparatus having many microprojections on the luminal surfaces. These microprojections differ from those of the excretory vesicle in their thickness and length. The characteristic patterns of these organs are compared with other microfilariae.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TonguYasumasa en-aut-sei=Tongu en-aut-mei=Yasumasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=46 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=7 end-page=10 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1992 dt-pub=199202 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Assessment of lymph node metastasis and vessel invasion in early rectal cancer. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Thirteen patients with rectal carcinoma seen between December 1980 and December 1990 have been reviewed to determine the risk of lymph node metastasis and its implication for subsequent treatment. The mean age was 64 years (from 38 to 79; 9 males, 4 females). The site of the tumor was predominantly in the lower rectum (53.8 percent). The polypoid (I) and flat-elevated ulcerated (IIa + IIc) subtypes were detected in seven and six lesions, respectively. Sphincter-saving techniques were carried out in eight cases, and five cases required Miles' operation. Neither postoperative complications nor deaths were noted. The mean follow-up period was 57 months (6 to 133 months). No recurrence or distant metastasis was found during this follow-up. IIa + IIc subtype lesions with deep submucosal invasion at or beyond Smlc level were closely related with lymphatic and vascular invasion. Although this association was not necessarily accompanied by an increased number of involved lymph nodes, major surgical resection is suggested in such IIa + IIc cases due to an increased possibility for lymph node metastasis.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MoreiraLuis Fernando en-aut-sei=Moreira en-aut-mei=Luis Fernando kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IwagakiHiromi en-aut-sei=Iwagaki en-aut-mei=Hiromi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=InoguchiKazuhito en-aut-sei=Inoguchi en-aut-mei=Kazuhito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HizutaAkio en-aut-sei=Hizuta en-aut-mei=Akio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakagamiKeinichi en-aut-sei=Sakagami en-aut-mei=Keinichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=OritaKunzo en-aut-sei=Orita en-aut-mei=Kunzo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univerisity affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=early rectal carcinoma kn-keyword=early rectal carcinoma en-keyword=invasive carcinoma kn-keyword=invasive carcinoma en-keyword=submucosal invasion kn-keyword=submucosal invasion en-keyword=surgical treatment kn-keyword=surgical treatment en-keyword=metastasis kn-keyword=metastasis en-keyword=survival kn-keyword=survival END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=46 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=417 end-page=426 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1992 dt-pub=199212 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Report of a study using phantom materials, and clinical experience with simultaneous radio-hyperthermotherapy. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Simultaneous radiohyperthermotherapy (SRH) is a combined hyperthermia-radiation therapy in which irradiation is given during heating. Mutual interference between the high energy radiotherapy system (Toshiba LMR-15A) and the 13.56 MHz capacitive heating system (Omron HEH-500C) was tested with phantom materials prior to a clinical trial with SRH. The energy and flatness of irradiation were not affected by the heating system within the range of clinical use. The high energy radiotherapy system did not affect the increase or distribution of temperature during simultaneous treatment. The results of this phantom study indicated that these apparatuses would not produce clinically significant mutual interference during SRH. A clinical trial was performed on a 57-year-old woman with postoperative recurrence of rectal cancer. This is the first reported clinical case treated with true SRH in which external irradiation was administered during mid capacitive heating. Twelve SRH treatments were performed on the recurrent lesion at a frequency of twice a week for six weeks using the apparatuses described above. There was a significant reduction in pain after treatment. The tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level decreased after treatment. On CT images taken after treatment, the tumor site became a low density area which indicated necrosis. There were no side effects. These results suggest that further clinical study of SRH should be performed to clarify its advantages.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KurodaMasahiro en-aut-sei=Kuroda en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=InamuraKeiji en-aut-sei=Inamura en-aut-mei=Keiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaharaSeiji en-aut-sei=Tahara en-aut-mei=Seiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MimuraSeiichi en-aut-sei=Mimura en-aut-mei=Seiichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MikamiYasutaka en-aut-sei=Mikami en-aut-mei=Yasutaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawasakiShoji en-aut-sei=Kawasaki en-aut-mei=Shoji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirakiYoshio en-aut-sei=Hiraki en-aut-mei=Yoshio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=hyperthermia kn-keyword=hyperthermia en-keyword=capacitive heating kn-keyword=capacitive heating en-keyword=radiotherapy kn-keyword=radiotherapy en-keyword=phantom study kn-keyword=phantom study en-keyword=simultaneous radio-hyperthermotherapy kn-keyword=simultaneous radio-hyperthermotherapy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=23 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=69 end-page=88 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1969 dt-pub=196904 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Cytochrome oxidase in a cytochrome oxidaserich submitochondrial membrane en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

1. A cytochrome oxidase-rich submitochondrial membrane (green membrane) was obtained from beef heart mitochondria after extraction of flavoproteins, cytochrome b, Cll C, etc. by treating with deoxycholate and potassium chloride. 2. The green membrane was formed by self assembly from the membrane fragments (flat sheets), which derived from the cristae membrane of mitochondria and had essentially the same particulate structure as the green membrane. 3. The green membrane exhibited regular arrays of small particles on the surface, measuring approximately 50 to 60 A in diameter with center to center distance of about 70 A. These particles sometime were arranged in a woven structure on the surface. 4. Both the configuration of the particles and the regularity of the arrangement were influenced by detergents and temperature. 5. Green membranes as well as beef heart mitochondria and electron transfer particles commonly retained membrane-structure after sonication and exhibited higher specific activity of cytochrome oxidase than that of purified cytochrome oxidase, if the activity is calculated on the basis of heme a concentration (sec1 / 10 m,lJ.moles of heme a/3 ml). The results suggest that the active sites of cytochrome oxidase are arranged on the surface of these membranes. 6. From these results and other experimental findings, an intimate correlation between cytochrome oxidase and the particles observed on the green membranes is suggested.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SekiShuji en-aut-sei=Seki en-aut-mei=Shuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=33 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=431 end-page=442 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1979 dt-pub=197912 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Scanning electron microscopy of interaction of peripheral blood lymphocytes from colonic cancer patients with human colonic cancer-derived cells; P-4788. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Peripheral blood lymphocytes and the various lymphocyte fractions from patients with cancer of the colon were cultivated with target cells (P-4788) derived from the colon cancer. Changes in the surface ultrastructure during tumor cell destruction were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). P-4788 cells adhering to the coverslip showed various surface activity. The surfaces of some cells were relatively flat; others were smooth or had fine granules. Still other cells were villous, round or had marked blebs. When host lymphocytes were added to the target cells, adhesion of the two cell groups began by many fine projections. After incubation for 6 h, some lymphocytes had adhered to the target cells. Many lymphocytes had adhered to the target tumor cells by 24--48 h incubation. Ultimately the tumor cells became swollen and disrupted. Most lymphocytes adherent to the target cells had few microvilli. Lymphocytes after elimination of phagocytes by carbonyl iron treatment also adhered readily. Some target cells showed adhesion with lymphocytes passed through nylon-wool columns, although the number of lymphocytes adhering was fewer than in the case of lymphocytes not passed through nylon-wool columns. T cells were collected from lymphocytes that form rosettes with SRBC by isolation with NH4Cl. They had markedly elongated microvilli which in places were sparsely scattered and tended to be localized on the side, a finding which suggests loss of cell activity by the time of SEM. Only a few T cells adhered to target cells and they seemed to be T cells without activity. It was thought that there are cytotoxic cells among T cells and that the co-existence of T cells, non-T cells and monocytes caused target cell destruction.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SugiharaMutsuto en-aut-sei=Sugihara en-aut-mei=Mutsuto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=canning electoron microscope kn-keyword=canning electoron microscope en-keyword=colon cancer-derived cell P-4788 kn-keyword=colon cancer-derived cell P-4788 en-keyword=target cell destruction kn-keyword=target cell destruction en-keyword=lymphocytes kn-keyword=lymphocytes en-keyword=lymphocyte fractions kn-keyword=lymphocyte fractions END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=40 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=147 end-page=161 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1986 dt-pub=198606 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Follow-up study of cartilaginous bone tumors. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

A series of clinical and pathological studies were performed on 74 cartilaginous bone tumors including osteochondromas, multiple cartilaginous exostoses, chondromas, chondromatoses, benign chondroblastomas and chondrosarcomas. Resection was adequate for the osteochondromas, and no recurrence was observed. Out of 14 multiple cartilaginous exostoses, three, all in flat bones showed malignant change. The predominant sites of chondroma were the finger and toe bones, and curettage and bone graft was adequate treatment. Neither recurrence nor malignant change was observed. Two cases of chondromatosis, one of Ollier's disease and one of Maffucci's syndrome, were included in our series. Leg length discrepancy and pathologic fracture were common problems in chondromatosis. Moreover, malignant change was suspected in a hemangioma of the Maffucci's syndrome patient. Benign chondroblastoma was treated by curettage and bone graft, with no recurrence. In our series, 4 primary and 3 secondary chondrosarcomas were observed. Metastasis was seen in only one case. Because of the discrepancy between the biological behavior and histological findings of cartilaginous bone tumors, the malignancy of tumors should be evaluated by clinical signs and symptoms as well as by histological findings.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SuzukiAtsushi en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Atsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ItoShiro en-aut-sei=Ito en-aut-mei=Shiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakechiHideo en-aut-sei=Takechi en-aut-mei=Hideo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=cartilaginous bone tumor kn-keyword=cartilaginous bone tumor en-keyword=folow-up study kn-keyword=folow-up study en-keyword=malignant change kn-keyword=malignant change END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=19 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=155 end-page=160 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1965 dt-pub=196506 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Phase cinematographic observation on the multinucleated giant cells infected with measles virus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

The normal mitotic dog kidney cell division and the multinucleated giant cell formation and degeneration of the dog kidney cells infected with measles virus were observed by the phase-cinematography. It took only five minutes for the mitotic cell division. The cell assumed a spherical shape before mitosis, and the two divided cells grew to the flat cells on the bottle wall. The giant cell formation was definitely the result of cell fusion. The cellular contents of the multinucleated giant cell were exposed after buddings, and the cell itself died.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TawaraJutaro en-aut-sei=Tawara en-aut-mei=Jutaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=48 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=211 end-page=216 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1994 dt-pub=199408 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A new capacitive heating applicator for the simultaneous radiohyperthermotherapy of superficial and shallow-seated tumors. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

External capacitive heating is the usual method of electromagnetic wave heating, in which the tumor is caught and heated between two opposite applicators. Using a phantom, the authors developed and evaluated the performance of a new capacitive heating applicator designed for simultaneous radiohyperthermotherapy (SRH) in which the electron beam irradiation is provided from above an external capacitive heating applicator for the treatment of superficial and shallow-seated tumors. The trial applicator was constructed to fulfill the following conditions: 1. use of an electrode plate which does not affect the electron beam depth dose, 2. a uniform thickness to maintain flatness of the electron beam, and 3. a cooling function to prevent damage to normal skin tissue and enhance the therapeutic gain factor. This applicator was comprised of a 0.1-mm-thick copper electrode and a 5-mm-thick cooling chamber. The depth of the 80% dose of the new applicator was 21 mm with a 9-MeV electron beam and 36mm with a 15-MeV electron beam, which was comparable to the effect of a conventional irradiation bolus. The temperature distribution produced by the trial applicator was symmetrical on both sides from the center of the applicator. The 50% specific absorption rate region was 6.4 cm wide at a depth of 1 cm from the phantom surface and 2.8 cm wide at a depth of 3 cm. There have been no previous reports on the development of an external capacitive heating applicator designed for the SRH of superficial and shallow-seated tumors; this is the first such report.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TanakaAkio en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Akio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurodaMasahiro en-aut-sei=Kuroda en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=InamuraKeiji en-aut-sei=Inamura en-aut-mei=Keiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawasakiShouji en-aut-sei=Kawasaki en-aut-mei=Shouji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirakiYoshio en-aut-sei=Hiraki en-aut-mei=Yoshio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univeristy affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=simultaneous radiohyperthermotherapy kn-keyword=simultaneous radiohyperthermotherapy en-keyword=applicator kn-keyword=applicator en-keyword=capacitive heating kn-keyword=capacitive heating en-keyword=superficial and shallowseated tumor kn-keyword=superficial and shallowseated tumor END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=34 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=323 end-page=332 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1980 dt-pub=198011 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Comparison of tranexamic acid (Transamin) and traditional therapy for sudden deafness. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

The effectiveness of tranexamic acid treatment for sudden deafness was studied in detail. The results of treatment with tranexamic acid administration in 19 cases (25 ears) of sudden deafness and two historical control groups using various treatments were compared by the chi square contingency test. The data suggested that tranexamic acid treatment may be superior to traditional treatments especially if treatment is begun early. Among ears treated with tranexamic acid, 11 ears (44%) were healed or recovered remarkably, 8 ears (32%) recovered slightly and 6 ears (24%) were unchanged or worsened. Fibrinolysis in the inner ear may be the pathophysiology of sudden deafness. Treatment with tranexamic acid starting within 4 days after onset of symptoms was most effective in patients whose initial audiogram was flat or concave, initial average hearing loss at 5 frequencies (250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz) was between 23 dB and 76 dB (mean; 45.1 dB) and was not accompanied by dizziness.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OhsakiKatsuichiro en-aut-sei=Ohsaki en-aut-mei=Katsuichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=The University of Tokushima en-keyword=sudden deafness kn-keyword=sudden deafness en-keyword=tranexamic acid kn-keyword=tranexamic acid en-keyword= chi square contingency test. kn-keyword= chi square contingency test. END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=50 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=319 end-page=324 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1996 dt-pub=199612 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Immortalization of Cells from Brains Derived from a Strain (MSM/MSfB6C3F1) of Wild Mouse en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Escape from cellular aging is the rate-limiting step of multistep carcinogenesis. While normal human cells invariably undergo cellular aging and almost never spontaneously immortalize, cells derived from rodents such as mice are relatively easily immortalized. In this experiment, we studied the immortalization patterns of cells obtained from brain tissues of an inbred strain (MSM/MSfB6C3F1) derived from wild mice. We established 12 cell strains derived from 12 mouse brains in order to investigate whether these cells show cellular aging in the same fashion as human cells or whether these cells are immortalized as easily as rodent cells reported previously. As a result, all cell strains were immortalized up to about 200 days in culture. One strain immortalized very early, in the first 50 days, four strains immortalized in the last 200 days, and the other seven strains became immortal between 150 and 200 days in culture. All immortalized cell strains showed varying amounts of chromosome abnormalities, numerically and structurally, but no specific changes related to immortalization were detected. Before immortalization, three types of cells, glial-like, polygonal flat-thin, and fibroblast-like cells, were observed in culture, but after immortalization most of the cultures became fibroblastic. From these results, we concluded that fibroblast-like cells derived from brains of these mice immortalized in like fashion to fibroblasts of other inbred mice.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YuasaTakae en-aut-sei=Yuasa en-aut-mei=Takae kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=AbeEriko en-aut-sei=Abe en-aut-mei=Eriko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OshimuraMitsuo en-aut-sei=Oshimura en-aut-mei=Mitsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NambaMasayoshi en-aut-sei=Namba en-aut-mei=Masayoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Tottori University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=cells from mouse brains kn-keyword=cells from mouse brains en-keyword=immortalization kn-keyword=immortalization en-keyword=aging kn-keyword=aging en-keyword=chromosomes kn-keyword=chromosomes END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=10 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=215 end-page=226 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1956 dt-pub=195609 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A study on schizophrenia : On the erythroeytes en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Blood cells of schizophrenics differ in many points from those of normal subjects. First of all the shape of them is flat and thin. This tendency is more marked in old group than in new group; the volume is small; flat corpuscles are more numerous in them in the normal; and the blood resistance against diluted saline solution is stronger than that of the normal. It has long since been known that the rate of corpuscle sedimentation is being accelerated in schizophrenics. A simple physical cause that blood corpuscles are flat and numerous can explain this phenomenon. It is said that there is an antisphering substance among the factors controlling the thickness and roundness of blood corpuscles. Yet it has not been determined whether this substance on the surface of the blood of schizophrenics is large or small. Blood corpuscles are said to lose their peculiar disc-shape and to be completely destroyed at the pH of 9.2 when the antisphering substance is removed from the surface of blood corpuscles. The lower the pH is the better is the absorption of this substance on the surface of blood corpuscles; and it seems that the more this substance attaches itself to blood corpuscles the greater is the degree of flatness and in this connection it is interesting to note that the pH of schizophrenic blood is low in low in general. On the other hand, however, sphericity is increased at the time when the acidity of blood is increased due to a sudden movement of acidic substances immediately after ECT. Again in the case of coma of insulin treatment, blood tends to be alkaline and even then an increase in the sphericity of corpuscles is indicated. Consequently it seems tnat the roundness of blood corpuscles is not solely dependent upon antisphering substance and pH.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KosakaMutsutoshi en-aut-sei=Kosaka en-aut-mei=Mutsutoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=26 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=905 end-page=908 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1990 dt-pub=19903 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Numerical analysis of antenna by a surface patch modeling en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

A cylindrical dipole antenna is numerically analyzed by the moment method. The surface of the antenna is approximated by triangular patches and the electric field integral equation is used for direct calculation of the surface current distribution. Therefore, the cylinder antenna can be treated in open or closed boundary form. The current expansion functions and the testing functions of the electric field boundary condition are of the triangular type. The surface integrals are numerically solved by a 33-point Gaussian quadrature approximation. The current distribution on a flat plate illuminated by a plane wave and the input admittance of a hollow cylindrical dipole as the near field quantities has been investigated. The convergence of the input admittance against the number of the triangular patches is presented, and the admittance solution is compared with the thin-wire approximation and theoretical results. Finally the CPU time and memory storage size for different numbers of patches are presented. Rapid admittance convergence and few required unknowns per square wavelength are the advantages of surface patch modeling

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AnalouiM. en-aut-sei=Analoui en-aut-mei=M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsuboiH. en-aut-sei=Tsuboi en-aut-mei=H. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakataTakayoshi en-aut-sei=Nakata en-aut-mei=Takayoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=antenna theory kn-keyword=antenna theory en-keyword=convergence of numerical methods kn-keyword=convergence of numerical methods en-keyword=current distribution kn-keyword=current distribution en-keyword=dipole antennas kn-keyword=dipole antennas en-keyword=electric admittance kn-keyword=electric admittance en-keyword=integral equations kn-keyword=integral equations en-keyword=numerical analysis kn-keyword=numerical analysis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=31 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=10 end-page=30 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1963 dt-pub=19630125 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Electrcardiographic Changes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Part 1. Relationship between Electrocardiographic and Clinical Findings kn-title=慢性多発性関節リウマチ患者の心電図所見に就いて（第一報）classical rheumatoid arthritisに属する27名の臨床像との関係 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The author studied the relationship between electrocardiographic and clinical findings in 27 patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis, as defined by the criteria for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis proposed by the American Rheumatism Association. The results obtained were as follows: 1) In 26 of the cases, such electrocardiographic aberrations were observed as the following: broad P waves; mitral P-like patterns (either double peaked or with the mean P vector veering to the left in the frontal plane) ; prolongation of the P-Q interval; high amplitude of R in the left precordial lead; elevation or depression of S-T segments; low or flat T waves in the left precodial lead; prolongation of QTc ; and changes of directions of mean QRS and T vectors to the left in the frontal plane. 2) The frequecies of plainly pathologic findings were as follows: prolonged P-Q interval - 1 case (3.7%) ; RV5≧30mm - 3 cases (11.1%) ; elevation of S-T segment - 1 case (3.7%) ; depression of S-T segment - 3 cases (11.1%) ; and prolongation of QTc - 9 cases (33.3%). 3) Pathologic cardiac involvement was found in 13 patients (48.2% of the total group) while 3 other patients were classified as suspected cardiac involvement cases, defined as those characterized by more than three abnormal but non-pathologic findings. 4) Thus, the majority of the test group were characterized by some abnormal or pathologic electrocardiographic finddings, although clinically no heart diseases or cardiac insufficiency had been detected. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KitayamaMinoru en-aut-sei=Kitayama en-aut-mei=Minoru kn-aut-name=北山稔 kn-aut-sei=北山 kn-aut-mei=稔 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学温泉研究所医学部門内科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=4 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=147 end-page=158 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1999 dt-pub=19990226 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Photoconductive and Photovoltaic Properties in Cadmium Bismuth Aluminate Glasses en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Photo-induced phenomena such as photoconductive and photovoltaic effects were investigated for the glasses in CdO-Bi(2)O(3)-Al(2)O(3) system. Photoconductive effect was characterized by a slow decay of photocurrent (persitent photoconductivity). The decay rate decreased with increasing CdO content and decreasing Bi(2)O(3) content. Photovoltage was very small at room temperature but increased to an obvious value on heating. The photoconductivity and photovoltage were increased with CdO content and enhanced by heat treatment in air. The valence band spectra of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the hybridization of Cd 4d and O 2p orbitals increases with decreasing Bi(2)O(3) content and increasing CdO content in the glasses. As the results maximum tends to flat. This type of band structure inhibits the rapid recombination of electrons and holes. The persistent photoconductivity of the glasses may be attributed to deep energy level of DX centers. Deep energy levels of the glasses are able to prevent the recombination because they have a repulsive barrier for both electron emission and capture. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ChenDanping en-aut-sei=Chen en-aut-mei=Danping kn-aut-name=陳丹平 kn-aut-sei=陳 kn-aut-mei=丹平 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeTomohiro en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Tomohiro kn-aut-name=渡辺智大 kn-aut-sei=渡辺 kn-aut-mei=智大 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraYoshinari en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Yoshinari kn-aut-name=三浦嘉也 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=嘉也 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NanbaTokuro en-aut-sei=Nanba en-aut-mei=Tokuro kn-aut-name=難波徳郎 kn-aut-sei=難波 kn-aut-mei=徳郎 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Wuhan University of Technology affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Photoconductivity kn-keyword=Photoconductivity en-keyword=Photovoltage kn-keyword=Photovoltage en-keyword=Persistent photoconductivity kn-keyword=Persistent photoconductivity en-keyword=CdO-Bi(2)O(3)-Al(2)O(3) glasses kn-keyword=CdO-Bi(2)O(3)-Al(2)O(3) glasses en-keyword=Electronic state kn-keyword=Electronic state END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=33 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=25 end-page=37 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1999 dt-pub=19990427 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A Numerical Study on the Performance of an Open-type Flat-plate Solar Collector en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A set mathematical models was developed for predicting the performance of an open-type flat-plate solar collector, and solved numerically through an implicit difference method. The effects of various parameters on the absorption of solar energy for the collector were investigated. The results showed that the solar energy absorptance of the open-type flat-plate collector was relatively high especially for the region where the weather was humid and hot, and there were an optimum length and an optimum tilt angle for the absorbing plate on which the collector could obtain the highest solar energy absorptance. It was found that the latent heat flux of water evaporation could be 5 to 15 times larger than the sensible heat flux. The effects of the magnitude of the solar incident flux, the atmospheric humidity, the atmospheric temperature, the absorbing plate tilt angle, and water film thickness on the temperature rising of the water film were clarified in numerical quantities. The increase of the solar incident flux, the atmospheric humidity or the atmospheric temperature also resulted in a rise in the energy absorptance of the collector. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=SongBaoyin kn-aut-sei=Song kn-aut-mei=Baoyin aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=InabaHideo en-aut-sei=Inaba en-aut-mei=Hideo kn-aut-name=稲葉英男 kn-aut-sei=稲葉 kn-aut-mei=英男 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HoribeAkihiko en-aut-sei=Horibe en-aut-mei=Akihiko kn-aut-name=堀部明彦 kn-aut-sei=堀部 kn-aut-mei=明彦 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Mechanical Engineering affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Mechanical Engineering affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Mechanical Engineering END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=31 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=5 end-page=10 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1996 dt-pub=19961227 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Solution-Grown Crystals of Poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Rigid polymer poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) was crystallized from dilute solution. Electron microscopy showed that upon quenching, flat fibrils with several nm thick were produced. Subsequent heat treatment in solvent changed the fibril into "shish-kebab". On the other hand, by isothermal crystallization, an aggregate of parallel rod-like crystals was obtained. The molecular chains were accommodated normal to the rod. Based on the observation of crystal morphology, the isothermal crystallization mechanism was proposed. Because of regidity of polymer chains and wide distribution of the molecular length, the chain ends were inevitably included within the crystals resulting in crystal defects such as axial shift, lattice curvature and edge dislocation which were directly observed by lattice imaging. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ShimamuraKaoru en-aut-sei=Shimamura en-aut-mei=Kaoru kn-aut-name=島村薫 kn-aut-sei=島村 kn-aut-mei=薫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=ZhangChunxiao kn-aut-sei=Zhang kn-aut-mei=Chunxiao aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=UchidaTetsuya en-aut-sei=Uchida en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name=内田哲也 kn-aut-sei=内田 kn-aut-mei=哲也 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=4037 end-page=4045 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19581130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Regional Observations on the Oxygen Consumption of the Rabbit Bone Marrow Part 1. The Normal Rabbit Bone Marrow kn-title=骨髄酸素消費量よりみた骨髄機能の部位的比較に関する研究 第1編 正常家兎骨髄酸素消費量の部位的観察 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The author has investigated the oxygen consumption in various regions of normal rabbit bone marrow by using Warburg's manometer. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. In the long bone group, the oxygen consumption was greatest in the femur, followed by the humerus, tibia and radius in the order mentioned. The value was slightly greater in the epiphyseal part than in diaphyseal one, but stochastically no significant difference could be found between the diaphysis and epiphysis of both the femur and humerus. Of the 15 sets of comparisons made at six diffesent parts, namely, the diaphyseal and epiphyseal parts of the femur and humerus, and the tibia and radius, ten sets showed significant differences. 2. The O(2)-consumption was slightly greater in the hip-bone than in the scapula (in the flat bone group), but no significant difference could be found between the two values. Both bone marrow showed lower values than the diaphyseal part of the femur, and significant differences could be found between the two and diaphyseal part of femur, respectively. 3. The ether-extractable substances in the bone marrow of the long bone group showed the highest value in the radius. 4. In general there was a tendency showing a higher oxgen consumption of the bone marrow in winter than in summer; and significant differences could be found between the values in summer and in winter in the diaphyseal part of the femur. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TairaGozo en-aut-sei=Taira en-aut-mei=Gozo kn-aut-name=平剛蔵 kn-aut-sei=平 kn-aut-mei=剛蔵 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=659 end-page=668 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19580331 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Construction of Medullary Vessels in the Flat-Bones of Human Embryos Conclusions for Reports Ⅰ,Ⅱ & Ⅲ kn-title=人胎児扁平骨骨髄の血管構造に関する研究 第3編 寛骨（其の二）坐骨及び恥骨 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=By studying developmental coursers of the construction of medullary vessels in scapula and pelvis of 60 human embryos covering the periods from the first terminal gravid months, the author obtained the following results. 1) In the pelvic bones, the ossification of its parts such as ilium, ischium and pubis undergoes individually and separately. As for the formation of the primary bone marrow, it commences in the latter half of the third embryonal month (twelfth gravid week) in the cases of scapula and ilium; while it begins in the fouth embryonal month in ischium and in the case of pubis in the period between the first and the middle of the fifth gravid month. 2) When more than two nutrition arteries are entering, these are anastomosed and commucicated with each other with the aid of their trunks which in turn form meshes of numerous branches and are distributed towards the periphery. 3) The venous system in the early embryonal stages can not be distinguished into main trunks and capillaries and the diameter of vascular spaces is much larger than that of arteries in the same stages, presenting a picture of intra-tissue spaces. However, in the later developmental stages they can be distinguishable into main trunks and capillaries, and they are generally distributed along with arteries. 4) In the later stages of embryos no significant changes can be observed in the mode of the distribution of medullary vessels. 5) Quite many nutirtion canals can be discerned but in general there are a few nutrition canals, though the number differs somewhat according to individual case. Whenever nutrition canals exist, they are usually seen located in a fixed location. 6) Cartilaignous canals begin to enter in the beginning of the fourth gravid month, and with the progress of development they send out numerous branches; and in the later stages a part of these canals become communicated with medullary vessels. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ShiromotoTetsuzo en-aut-sei=Shiromoto en-aut-mei=Tetsuzo kn-aut-name=城本鉄蔵 kn-aut-sei=城本 kn-aut-mei=鉄蔵 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=649 end-page=658 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=1958 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Construction of Medullary Vessels in the Flat-Bones of Human Embryos Report Ⅱ. The Pelvis: Part 1, Ilum kn-title=人胎児扁平骨骨髄の血管構造に関する研究 第2編 寛骨(其の一)腸骨 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=With the aid of transparent specimens (Spalteholz's method) injected with dye and tissue sections, the author investigated the developmental course of medullary vessels in the ilium of 60 human embryos for the periods ranging from the first to the terminal embryonal stages, and obtained the following results. 1) The developmental courses of both the primary bone marrow and the meduallry arteries and veins in the ilium do not differ to any great extent from those observed in the scapula, and the periods as well processes of development are almost the same 2) In the stages later than the fifth embryonal month, no marked changes with the progress of gravid months can be observed in the mode of the distribution of medullary vessels. All the arteries, penetrating more than two at a time, are anastomosed with one another and with many anastomoses of capillaries thus forming networks, they are densely distributed. Veins can now be distinguished into trunks and capillaries. 3) The minimum of two, the maximum of seven, and usually 3-5 nutrition canals can be recognized; and under all circumstances the largest nutrition canal is situated in front of Facies auricularis of the inner side of ilium. In case there are other nutrition canals, they are generally located in a fixed position. All nutrition canals run towards the base of Ala ossio ilium, which is the center of bone marrow, and pass through the bony substance obliquely. kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ShiromotoTetsuzo en-aut-sei=Shiromoto en-aut-mei=Tetsuzo kn-aut-name=城本鉄蔵 kn-aut-sei=城本 kn-aut-mei=鉄蔵 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=637 end-page=648 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19580331 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Construction of Medullary Vessels in the Flat-Bones of Human Embryos Report Ⅰ. Scapula kn-title=人胎児扁平骨骨髄の血管構造に関する研究 第1編 肩甲骨 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=With transparent specimens (Spalteholz's method) injected with dyes and tissue sections, the author studied the developmental course of medullary vessels in tne scapula of 60 human embryos for the periods covering the first embryonal stage to the terminal stage, and obtained the following results. 1) The primary bone marrow in scapula starts its formation in the latter part of the third embryonal month (twelfth gravid week) with the primary medullary primordium which penetrates into three sites in the neck of scapula. 2) Nutrition arteries and veins (A. and V. nutricia) start to develop along with the enlargement of the primary medullary spaces and are distributed beginning at the neck of scapula radially and extensively, and veins, with no distinction of trunk and capillary, possess the vascular diameter far larger than that of arteries, presenting a picture of intra-tissue spaces. 3) By the fouth embryonal month, enchondral ossification starts, and along with the progress of bone formation the central part of scapula is almost completely occupied by bony substance. In the latter part of the fourth embryonal month, the blood vessel system is divided into two parts having the base of spina scapulae as the center, at the same time auxiliary nutrition vessels begin to penetrate into spongy substance of residual Margo vertebralis, thus offering an aid to the blood circulation. 4) No marked changes with the progress of gravid month can be observed in the mode of distribution of medullary vessels later than the fifth embryonal month. The nutrition artery enters into scapula from the base of spina scapulae and divides itself into two branches. One of the branches runs along the lower edge of the base of spinsa capulae towards Margo vertebralis while the other descends along Margo axillaris and on its way anastomoses with nutrition arteries coming from one or two other nutrition canals, and finally sends out minute capillaries, elongating extensively cross-wise along Margo vertebralis; and these capillaries surround the central part of bony substance. Now the trunk and peripheral vessels can be distinguished in nutrition veins. 5) The minimum of two, the maximum of ten and usually 4-6 of nutrition canals have been recognized, and a slight tendency of an increase in number of these canals is observable along with the progress of growth. The largest and most commonly found nutrition canal is located at the base of spina scapulae. and when other canals do exist, they are generally located at a fixed location. 6) In the beginning of the fourth embryonal month, cartilaginous canals appear near the root of coracoidal process in the cartilarginous part of Fossa articularis, and assuming a peculiar mode of development, many of these canals are seen penetrating into the vicinity of the cartilaginous part of Fossa articularis and into the coracoidal process; and in the seventh embryonal month one of these canals is communicated with the medullary vessel of Fossa articularis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ShiromotoTetsuzo en-aut-sei=Shiromoto en-aut-mei=Tetsuzo kn-aut-name=城本鉄蔵 kn-aut-sei=城本 kn-aut-mei=鉄蔵 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科数室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=75 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1127 end-page=1146 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1963 dt-pub=19631230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Study on the Sex Chromatin in Oral Exfoliated Cells kn-title=口腔剥離細胞における性染色質の研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=So many studies on the sex chromatin have been made so far in various fields since it was discovered as a nucleolar satellite by Barr and Bertram in 1949, but very little has been described about the sex chromatin in exfoliated cells of oral neoplasms. Thus the author started this investgation of the sex chromatin in oral smears in 60 normal persons (30 males and 30 females), 35 benign tumors (17 males and 18 females), 35 malignant tumors (22 males and 13 females) and 14 sexual anomalies. All smear specimens were stained with Moore and Barr's cresyl echt violet technigue, and a sex chromatin was always located along the inner surface of the nuclear membrane of interphase nuclei. The results obtained were as follows; 1) NORMAL CASES Microscopic examination was made on the sex chromatin in smear specimens taken from buccal, gingival and lingual epithelia of the same individual. Incidence of the sex chromatin in females was on an average 23.5±6.50 per cent in buccal smears, 22.0±5.65 per cent in gingival and 21.6±5.76 per cent in lingual, while that in males was ranging from 0 to 2 per cent in smears taken from each area. Minute examinations of sex chromatin showed that they were noticed in a variety of forms, such as triangular, planoconvex, flat and others, of which triangular form was most commonly seen. The average size of sex chromatin in these epithelial cells was about 1.4 X 1.0 μ. 2) TUMOR CASES There was almost no difference between sex chromatin incidences of tumor and its host tissue, except two cases of benign neoplasam, i. e. fibroma and follicular cyst, in females, whose sex chromatin incidences were 4 and 6 per cent. A relationship between sex chromatin incidence and Broders' classification could not be noticed in cases of carcinoma cells. 3) INTERSEX AND SEXUAL ANOMALIES As the result of investigations of sex chromatin in cases of pseudohermaphrotidism, infantilism, Turner's syndrome and hypospadias, the sex chromatin pattern did not always agree with its genetic sex in the patients associated with sex chromosome aberrations, therefore, it will be desirable to make analysis of sex chromosome in determining the sex in the above mentioned patients. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NakataniMasayoshi en-aut-sei=Nakatani en-aut-mei=Masayoshi kn-aut-name=中谷昌慶 kn-aut-sei=中谷 kn-aut-mei=昌慶 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部口腔外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=76 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=569 end-page=574 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1964 dt-pub=19641030 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Tissue Culture of Human Embryonic Tissues and Their Susceptibility to Adenovirus Type 12 Part Ⅱ. Studies on the Susceptibility of Human Embryonic Tissue-Culture Cells to Adenovirus Type 12 kn-title=人胎児諸組織の培養とそのアデノウイルス12型に対する感受性の比較的研究 II. 人胎児諸組織培養細胞のアデノウイルス12型に対する感受性 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Upon inoculation of adenovirus type 12 onto the primary culture cells of each of the kidney, the lung, the liver and the skin-muscle of a four-month-old human embryo, the following changes were observed: 1. In the cells of the kidney and the lung, rounding and aggregation of cells were observed. In those of the liver and the skin-muscle, rounding of cells was observed and, besides this, flat-round or -oval big cells appeared. 2. Such changes appeared earliest and strongest in the culture of kidney cells, next in that of lung cells and were very weak in those of liver and of skin-muscle cells. 3. Of these four human embryonic tissues, good multiplication of the virus was observed only in the culture of kidney cells. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MoriyamaYasukata en-aut-sei=Moriyama en-aut-mei=Yasukata kn-aut-name=森山雍方 kn-aut-sei=森山 kn-aut-mei=雍方 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=81 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=633 end-page=640 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1969 dt-pub=19691230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Agricultural Organofluoride Poisoning Part Ⅱ. Influences of an Organofluoride on Electroencephalograms kn-title=農薬有機弗素剤中毒に関する研究 第二編 有機弗素剤のEEGに及ぼす影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The EEG of five patients poisoned by an agricultural organofluoride (Nissol) were studied. The mild cases showed almost no abnormalities, but as the intoxication became severe, the EEG ragned from low-voltage, irregular slow waves to almost flat waves. However, a good response was observed to glucose administration even in these cases. The close association of an impaired carbohydrate metabolism as manifested by hypoglycemia in organofluoride poisoning would be an important point in the differential diagnosis from other types of pesticide poisoning and EEG appears to be a useful procedure for the evaluation of intoxication. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakagiShigeru en-aut-sei=Takagi en-aut-mei=Shigeru kn-aut-name=高木茂 kn-aut-sei=高木 kn-aut-mei=茂 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=84 cd-vols= no-issue=9-10 article-no= start-page=341 end-page=352 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1972 dt-pub=19721030 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Changes of Eight Fractions of Urinary Estrogen and Cervical Canal Factors in the Third Trimester kn-title=妊娠末期尿中エストロジエン8分画の推移と頚管因子に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Since the softening of the utero-vaginal tract accompanying the advance in pregnancy roughly parallels the change of estrogen in pregnancy urine, it seems that estrogen plays an important role in the softening mechanism of the delivery tract. Up to date there are many reports concerning the relationship of estrogen in the pregnancy urine, especially of estriol, to the foetal and placental mechanisms, but there seems to be no report on estrogen contents in pregnancy urine with observations on changes of cervical canal factors in one and the same individual. For the purpose to elucidate whether or not there exists an estrogen fraction that has a close relationship with conditions of the cervical canal the author conducted fractionation and estimation of 8 fractions of urinary estrogen with lapse of time, starting from 10 gravid months, while pursuing changes in the cervical canal factors in the same individual, and compared results in the individual with normal softening of the canal and those with delayed softening. In addition, the significance of estrogen in the field of obstetrics was studied from the aspects of level of 8 estrogen fractions and clinical course in individuals administered estriol agent. The results may be briefly summarized as follows. 1. The estriol fraction in the urine at 38 gravid weeks is above 95%. 2. Judging from the changes of each fraction, estriol and 16-epi-estriol are the fractions that are closely associated with the cervical canal. 3. In the individual with cervical canal of mature type from the beginning the level of urinary estriol is relatively high but it does not form peak; the estriol level in the case with the cervical canal in the process of transformation from immature type to the mature shows a peak once and later it decreases; and in the case with cervical canal which remains as immature type the peak is small or flat. 4. When estriol agent is administered to individual with cervical canal of immature type, the urinary estriol shows somewhat larger peak, resulting in the maturation of cervical canal and delivery time is shortened. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujiwaraHisako en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=Hisako kn-aut-name=藤原久子 kn-aut-sei=藤原 kn-aut-mei=久子 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部産婦人科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=81 cd-vols= no-issue=5-6 article-no= start-page=411 end-page=427 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1969 dt-pub=19690630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effects of intracarotid administratraion of glutamic acid and its related compounds on the perfused cat brain kn-title=グルタミン酸系酸性アミノ酸の灌流脳機能に対する作用 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=By means of brain perfusion method, for the purpose to study the effects of glutamic acid and its related amino acids on EEG, cerebral blood flow and systemic blood pressures, these amino acids were administered into the carotid system of perfused cat brains under a certain fixed condition and the intensity of each drug action was compared. The amino acids tested in the experiments were L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid, N-acetyl-DL-aspartic acid, β-hydroxy-glutamic acid, L-glutamic acid-Na, L-aspartic acid-Na, and N-acetyl-DL-aspartic acid-Ca. For EEG, acidic amino acids induce transient excitatory changes followed by inhibition. These excitatory changes prove to be low-amplitude fast waves or burst of seizures, and postexcitatory inhibition to be slow waves or flat waves. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid, even in a minimal dose, induces marked bursts of seizures followed by L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid-Na, and L-aspartic acid-Na, in their potency. Generally, N-acetyl-DL-aspartic acids show only low-amplitude fast waves but some of them do induce burst of seizures. β-Hydroxy-glutamic acid elicits only low-amplitude fast waves but never burst of seizures. N-Acetyl-DL-aspartic acid-Ca, differing from the free form, never induces excitatory changes. For the cerebral blood flow, acidic amino acids decrease the blood flow, but those that show a strong decreasing effect are N-alkyl amino acids such as N-methyl-D-aspartic acid and N-acetyl-DL-aspartic acid. On the Other hand, acidic amino acids increase the systemic blood pressure, and of them such an effect is especially marked with N-alkyl amino acid. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HoakiTakayuki en-aut-sei=Hoaki en-aut-mei=Takayuki kn-aut-name=帆秋孝幸 kn-aut-sei=帆秋 kn-aut-mei=孝幸 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=88 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=275 end-page=283 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1976 dt-pub=19760430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Radioimmunoassay of Serum α-Fetiprotein Concentration and Its Alteration during the Course of Hepatitis and Liver Cirrhosis kn-title=血清α-Fetoprotein濃度上昇の臨床的意義に関する研究 第1編 肝炎，肝硬変における血清α-fetoprotein濃度の変動について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Serum α-fetoprotein concentration were compared with the alteration of serum GPT activity in patients with acute hepatitis, patient with fluminant hepatitis, patients with subacute hepatitis, patients with chronic hepatitis (active form), patients with chronic hepatitis with sublobular hepatic necrosis, patients with A type of liver cirrhosis and patients with A'type of liver cirrhosis. Time course of serum α-fetoprotein concetration and serum GPT activity were clasified into the following 6 types.: Type 1. the peak of serum α-fetoprotein concentration comes after peak of serum GPT activity. Type 2. both peaks overlaps with each other in terms of temporal alteration. Type 3. a peak elevation in serum α-fetoprotein concentration with flat moderately increased level of serum GPT activity. Type 4. both levels activity flucutuation without peak at increased levels. Type 5. a peak elevation in serum GPT activity without serum α-fetoprotein peak. Type 6. progressive increase in serum α-fetoprotein concentration over 2000 ng/ml with or without similar serum GPT activity increase. Type 1 and 2 were frequently observed in case of acute hepatitis, subacute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis. Type 3 and 4 were rather specific to liver cirrhosis. Type 5 was frequently observed in acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis with sublobular hepatic necrosis. Type 6 was observed in hepatocellular carcinoma. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TanakaYoshikiyo en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Yoshikiyo kn-aut-name=田中義淳 kn-aut-sei=田中 kn-aut-mei=義淳 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学第一内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=88 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=17 end-page=37 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1976 dt-pub=19760228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effects of lithium ion on the indole amine metabolism and function of the perfused cat brain kn-title=リチウムイオンの脳機能及びインドールアミン代謝に及ぼす作用―脳潅流実験法による― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In order to see the effects of lithium ion on the EEGs, cat brains were perfused with the standard artificial blood for 30min. and then with the blood containing either 0.810mEq Li(+)/1 (Group 1) or 8.095mEq Li(+)/1 (Group 2) for further 30min. Another group of cats (Group 3) were perfused for one hour with artificial blood where sodium ions were completly replaced with equimolar lithium ions. The EEGs and the concentrations of tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were compared with those of the standard perfusions. In Group 1, the cortical EEGs showed a slight decrease in the amplitude of the background fast rhythm and a slight increase in slow wave throughout the examinations, and the EEG findings were as same as those of the standard perfusions'. In Croup 2, the amplitude of the background activity and sporadic slow waves were increased and the slight slowing of basic rhythm was observed. However, the EEG findings consisted mainly of the fast rhythm throughout the experiments without remakable changes. In Group 3, during the first 10-15min. the EEGs showed the same pattern as the standard perfusions. During the next 20-45min., however, 200μV or higher voltage spike bursts of 10-30 seconds' duration with the afterdischarge appeared repeatedly. Thereafter the EEGs were reduced to low voltage slow waves or flat pattern until the end of experiments. Therefore, when the brains were perfused with lithium ions together with sodium ions, the electrophysiological activity of the brain was in good function more or less similar to the normal state. However, when the sodium ions were replaced with lithium ions, the brain activity could not be maintained. In Group 3, the brain cortex tryptophan concentrations was decreased to the 60-70% of that of the standard perfusions (p<0.005). In all regions examined, i.e. the cortex, hippocampus, caudate nucleus, thalamus, cerebellum and medulla, the concentrations of 5-hydoxytryptamine were as same as those of the standard perfusions. In the hippocampus the concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were decreased to 60% of the standard value (p<0.05) and tended to be lower in the caudate nucleus and the medulla, but in other regions they were almost as same as the standard values. Therefore, it is concluded that the metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine was inhibited when the cat brains were perfused for one hour with the sodium free blood containing lithium in a high concentration. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=EbaraTakashi en-aut-sei=Ebara en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name=江原嵩 kn-aut-sei=江原 kn-aut-mei=嵩 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=87 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=993 end-page=1008 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1975 dt-pub=19751230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Significance of Negative T wave in Lead aVL kn-title=心電図の(a)V(L)誘導の陰性T波に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The negative T wave in lead aVL is one of the electrocardiographic features of left ventricular hypertrophy or myocardial infarction, associated with negative T wave in lead v(5), v(6) and Ⅰ. Whereas the significance of isolated negative TaVL, not associated with other abnormal negative T wave, is of much controversial. The electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic changes of 146 cases were studied for appreciation of negative TaVL, whose TaVL were negative in 115 cases with or without negative ST, Tv(5), v(6), positive in 23 cases, and flat in 7 cases. The electrocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy was found in 50 cases, of old myocardial infarction, in 24 cases, and the remaining were admitted to R(Ⅰ)>R(Ⅲ) group (41 cases) and to R(Ⅰ)R(Ⅲ) group, if associated with isolated negative TaVL, T(Ⅲ)>T(Ⅰ) and TV(Ⅰ)/TV(5)≥0.74, the same displacement as in left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial infarction was found, suggesting ischaemic change of lateral wall. In R(Ⅰ)T(Ⅰ) and TV(Ⅰ)/TV(5)≥0.56, the spatial T loop was in anterior position, but with no pathological meaning. Negative TaVL associated with R(Ⅰ)>R(Ⅲ), T(Ⅲ)>T(Ⅰ) and TV(Ⅰ)/TV(5)<0.74 or R(Ⅰ)T(Ⅰ) and TV(Ⅰ)/TV(5)<0.56, was sign of inferior, posteroinferior, posterior or normal position of spatial T loop, and abnormal T loop (spatial length/width≤2.6, abnormal speed of inscription, irregular shape, wide spatial QRS-T angle) was found more frequent in R(Ⅰ)>R(Ⅲ) group (66.7%) than in R(Ⅰ)