start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=15 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=153 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240309 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A Survey of AI Techniques in IoT Applications with Use Case Investigations in the Smart Environmental Monitoring and Analytics in Real-Time IoT Platform en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this paper, we have developed the SEMAR (Smart Environmental Monitoring and Analytics in Real-Time) IoT application server platform for fast deployments of IoT application systems. It provides various integration capabilities for the collection, display, and analysis of sensor data on a single platform. Recently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become very popular and widely used in various applications including IoT. To support this growth, the integration of AI into SEMAR is essential to enhance its capabilities after identifying the current trends of applicable AI technologies in IoT applications. In this paper, we first provide a comprehensive review of IoT applications using AI techniques in the literature. They cover predictive analytics, image classification, object detection, text spotting, auditory perception, Natural Language Processing (NLP), and collaborative AI. Next, we identify the characteristics of each technique by considering the key parameters, such as software requirements, input/output (I/O) data types, processing methods, and computations. Third, we design the integration of AI techniques into SEMAR based on the findings. Finally, we discuss use cases of SEMAR for IoT applications with AI techniques. The implementation of the proposed design in SEMAR and its use to IoT applications will be in future works. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=PandumanYohanes Yohanie Fridelin en-aut-sei=Panduman en-aut-mei=Yohanes Yohanie Fridelin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=FunabikiNobuo en-aut-sei=Funabiki en-aut-mei=Nobuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FajriantiEvianita Dewi en-aut-sei=Fajrianti en-aut-mei=Evianita Dewi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FangShihao en-aut-sei=Fang en-aut-mei=Shihao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SukaridhotoSritrusta en-aut-sei=Sukaridhoto en-aut-mei=Sritrusta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Informatic and Computer, Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya kn-affil= en-keyword=Internet of Things kn-keyword=Internet of Things en-keyword=AI kn-keyword=AI en-keyword=integration kn-keyword=integration en-keyword=survey kn-keyword=survey en-keyword=application server platform kn-keyword=application server platform en-keyword=SEMAR kn-keyword=SEMAR END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12835 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=64 end-page=73 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210827 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=(Short Paper) Evidence Collection and Preservation System with Virtual Machine Monitoring en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In a system audit and verification, it is important to securely collect and preserve evidence of execution environments, execution processes, and program execution results. Evidence-based verification of program processes ensures their authenticity; for example, the processes include no altered/infected program library. This paper proposes a solution for collection of evidence on program libraries based on Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM). The solution can solve semantic gap by obtaining library file path names. This paper also shows a way to obtain hash values of library files from a guest OS. Furthermore, this paper provides examples of evidence on program xecution and the overhead of the solution. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NakamuraToru en-aut-sei=Nakamura en-aut-mei=Toru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ItoHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ito en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KiyomotoShinsaku en-aut-sei=Kiyomoto en-aut-mei=Shinsaku kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamauchiToshihiro en-aut-sei=Yamauchi en-aut-mei=Toshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=KDDI Research, Inc. kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=KDDI Research, Inc. kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Virtual machine introspection kn-keyword=Virtual machine introspection en-keyword=Forensics kn-keyword=Forensics en-keyword=OS security kn-keyword=OS security END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=413 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=3339 end-page=3347 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210313 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Speciation of chromium in water samples using microfluidic paper-based analytical devices with online oxidation of trivalent chromium en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Speciation of chromium (Cr) was demonstrated using microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (ƒÊ-PADs) that permit the colorimetric determination of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) via online oxidation. The ƒÊ-PADs consist of left and right channels that allow the simultaneous measurements of Cr(VI) and total Cr based on the colorimetric reaction of Cr(VI) with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC). For the determination of Cr(VI), a sample solution was directly reacted with DPC in the left channels whereas total Cr was determined in the right channels, which permitted online oxidation in the pretreatment zone containing cerium (IV) (Ce(IV)) followed by a colorimetric reaction with DPC. We found that the online oxidation of Cr(III) proceeded 100% whereas Ce(IV) inhibited the reaction of Cr(VI) with DPC. Therefore, speciation can be achieved by measuring the Cr(VI) and total Cr in the left and right channels followed by the subtraction of Cr(VI) from total Cr. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.008 and 0.02 mg L?1 for Cr(VI) and 0.07 and 0.1 mg L?1 for Cr(III) or total Cr, respectively. The linear dynamic ranges were 0.02?100 mg L?1 and 0.1?60 mg L?1 for Cr(VI) and Cr(III), respectively. The RSDs were less than 7.5%. The results obtained using ƒÊ-PADs were in good agreement with those obtained via ICP-OES with recoveries of 92?108% for Cr(III) and 108?110% for Cr (VI) using ƒÊ-PADs, and 106?110% for total Cr using ICP-OES. Thus, the ƒÊ-PADs could potentially be utilized for the speciation of chromium in developing countries where environmental pollution and the availability of sophisticated instruments are significant problems. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MuhammedAbdellah en-aut-sei=Muhammed en-aut-mei=Abdellah kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HussenAhmed en-aut-sei=Hussen en-aut-mei=Ahmed kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanetaTakashi en-aut-sei=Kaneta en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Microfluidic paper-based analytical device kn-keyword=Microfluidic paper-based analytical device en-keyword=Chromium kn-keyword=Chromium en-keyword=Cr(III) kn-keyword=Cr(III) en-keyword=Cr(VI) kn-keyword=Cr(VI) en-keyword=Online oxidation kn-keyword=Online oxidation en-keyword=Speciation kn-keyword=Speciation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=54 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=117 end-page=141 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2018 dt-pub=20180419 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices with instrument-free detection and miniaturized portable detectors en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= icrofluidic paper-based analytical devices (mu PADs) have attracted much attention over the past decade because they offer clinicians the ability to deliver point-of-care testing and onsite analysis. Many of the advantages of mu PADs, however, are limited to work in a laboratory setting due to the difficulties of processing data when using electronic devices in the field. This review focuses on the use of mu PADs that have the potential to work without batteries or with only small and portable devices such as smartphones, timers, or miniaturized detectors. The mu PADs that can be operated without batteries are, in general, those that allow the visual judgment of analyte concentrations via readouts that are measured in time, distance, count, or text. Conversely, a smartphone works as a camera to permit the capture and processing of an image that digitizes the color intensity produced by the reaction of an analyte with a colorimetric reagent. Miniaturized detectors for electrochemical, fluorometric, chemiluminescence, and electrochemiluminescence methods are also discussed, although some of them require the use of a laptop computer for operation and data processing. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KanetaTakashi en-aut-sei=Kaneta en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=AlahmadWaleed en-aut-sei=Alahmad en-aut-mei=Waleed kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=VaranusupakulPakorn en-aut-sei=Varanusupakul en-aut-mei=Pakorn kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Approaches for Food Applications Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Approaches for Food Applications Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University kn-affil= en-keyword=Microfluidic paper-based analytical device kn-keyword=Microfluidic paper-based analytical device en-keyword=paper-based analytical device kn-keyword=paper-based analytical device en-keyword=point-of-care testing kn-keyword=point-of-care testing en-keyword=onsite analysis kn-keyword=onsite analysis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=48 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=19 end-page=34 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2017 dt-pub=20170306 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The meaning of the Income Category System in Japanese Income Tax Act : Responding to the Changing Business Environment kn-title=Š“¾Å–@‚É‚¨‚¯‚銓¾•ª—Þ‚ÌŒ»‘ã“IˆÓ‹` : 20¢‹IŒ^Š“¾•ª—Þ‰ÛÅ•ûŽ®‚̉ۑè en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= The purpose of this paper is to consider the meaning of existence of Japanese Income Category System in Income Tax Act in recent years. @The Japanese national tax system is based on the principle thatg Incomeh should be taxed. And taxable income of individuals is divided into some categories based on gEarning Capacityh. The amount of each of the categories of income is computed, and they are aggregated asg Ordinary Income Amounts". @This system was enacted in 1950's, so there is the separation of the taxation theory from the present business situations, and not always suitable. @We should recognize the importance of responding to the changing business environment surrounding individuals' economic activities. kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MorishitaMikio en-aut-sei=Morishita en-aut-mei=Mikio kn-aut-name=X‰ºŠ²•v kn-aut-sei=X‰º kn-aut-mei=Š²•v aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil=‰ªŽR‘åŠwŽÐ‰ï•¶‰»‰ÈŠwŒ¤‹†‰È END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=38 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=39 end-page=59 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=200403 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Uncertainty Modeling and Geometric Inference en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We investigate the meaning of "statistical methods" for geometric inference based on image feature points. Tracing back the origin of feature uncertainty to image processing operations, we discuss the implications of asymptotic analysis in reference to "geometric fitting" and "geometric model selection", We point out that a correspondence exists between the standard statistical analysis and the geometric inference problem. We also compare the capability of the "geometric AIC" and the "geometric MDL' in detecting degeneracy. Next, we review recent progress in geometric fitting techniques for linear constraints, describing the "FNS method", the "HEIV method", the "renormalization method", and other related techniques. Finally, we discuss the "Neyman-Scott problem" and "semiparametric models" in relation to geometric inference. We conclude that applications of statistical methods requires careful considerations about the nature of the problem in question. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KanataniKenichi en-aut-sei=Kanatani en-aut-mei=Kenichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Information Technology, Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=12 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20081210 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Human Error Management Paying Emphasis on Decision Making and Social Intelligence -Beyond the Framework of Man-Machine Interface Design- en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=How latent error or violation induces a serious accident has been reviewed and a proper addressing measure of this has been proposed in the framework of decision making, emotional intelligence (EI) and social intelligence (SI) of organization and its members. It has been clarified that EI and SI play an important role in decision making. Violations frequently occur all over the world, although we definitely understand that we should not commit violations, and a secret to prevent this might exist in the enhancement of both social intelligence and reliability. The construction of social structure or system that supports organizational efforts to enhance both social intelligence and reliability would be essential. Traditional safety education emphasizes that it is possible to change attitudes or mind toward safety by means of education. In spite of thisCaccidents or scandals frequently occur and never decrease. These problems must be approached on the basis of the full understanding of social intelligence and limited reasonability in decision making. Social dilemma (We do not necessarily cooperate in spite of understanding its importance, and we sometimes make decision not to select cooperative behavior. Non-cooperation gives rise to a desirable result for an individual. However, if all take non-cooperative actions, undesirable results are finally induced to all.) must be solved in some ways and the transition from relief (closed) society to global (reliability) society must be realized as a whole. New social system, where cooperative relation can be easily and reliably obtained, must be constructed to support such an approach and prevent violation-based accidents. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=‘º“cŒú¶ kn-aut-sei=‘º“c kn-aut-mei=Œú¶ aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=‘åŠw‰@Ž©‘R‰ÈŠwŒ¤‹†‰È END