The present study was designed to investigate involvement of angiotensin (Ang) II type 2 receptors (AT2 receptors) in restoration of perivascular nerve innervation injured by topical phenol treatment. Male Wistar rats underwent in vivo topical application of 10% phenol around the superior mesenteric artery. After phenol treatment, animals were subjected to immunohistochemistry of the third branch of small arteries, Western blot analysis of AT2 receptor protein expression in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and studies of mesenteric neurogenic vasoresponsiveness. Ang II (750 ng/kg/day), nerve growth factor (NGF; 20 μg/kg/day) and PD123,319 (AT2 receptor antagonist; 10 mg/kg/day) were intraperitoneally administered for 7 days using osmotic mini-pumps immediately after topical phenol treatment. Losartan (AT1 receptor antagonist) was administered in drinking water (0.025%). Phenol treatment markedly reduced densities of both calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity (LI)- and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-LI-containing fibers. NGF restored densities of both nerve fibers to the Sham control level. Coadministration of Ang II and losartan significantly increased the density of CGRP-LI-fibers but not NPY-LI-fibers compared with saline control. The increase of the density of CGRP-LI-fibers by coadministration of Ang II and losartan was suppressed by adding PD123,319. Coadministration of Ang II and losartan ameliorated reduction of CGRP nerve-mediated vasodilation of perfused mesenteric arteries caused by phenol treatment. The AT2 receptor protein expression detected in DRG was markedly increased by NGF. These results suggest that selective stimulation of AT2 receptors by Ang II facilitates reinnervation of mesenteric perivascular CGRP-containing nerves injured by topical phenol application in the rat.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HobaraNarumi en-aut-sei=Hobara en-aut-mei=Narumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=GodaMitsuhiro en-aut-sei=Goda en-aut-mei=Mitsuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshidaNamika en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Namika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakatoriShingo en-aut-sei=Takatori en-aut-mei=Shingo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitamuraYoshihisa en-aut-sei=Kitamura en-aut-mei=Yoshihisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MioMitsunobu en-aut-sei=Mio en-aut-mei=Mitsunobu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawasakiHiromu en-aut-sei=Kawasaki en-aut-mei=Hiromu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Shujitsu University School of Pharmacy affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Shujitsu University School of Pharmacy affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University en-keyword=Angiotensin II type 2 receptors kn-keyword=Angiotensin II type 2 receptors en-keyword=Phenol-induced perivascular nerve injury kn-keyword=Phenol-induced perivascular nerve injury en-keyword=Calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerves kn-keyword=Calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerves en-keyword=Neuropeptide Y-containing nerves kn-keyword=Neuropeptide Y-containing nerves en-keyword=Neurotrophic kn-keyword=Neurotrophic en-keyword=Rat mesenteric artery kn-keyword=Rat mesenteric artery END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=2-2 article-no= start-page=919 end-page=931 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Morphological Studies on the Growth Mechanism of DAB-Hepatoma kn-title=DAB肝癌の増殖機構に関する形態学的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=With the purpose to elucidate the growth mechanism of cancer cells the structural arrangement of cancer cells and the newly developed vessels in cancer tissues have been studied morphologically on the reconstruction models obtained from the serial sections of the hepatoma induced experimentally in albino rats by feeding DAB, either in the original form or after irrigating it with India ink. The distribution of blood vessels in the hepatoma tissue is found to be poor and yet extremely irregular in pattern. India ink introduced through the artery or portal vein proved to be hard to reach the vessels of tumor tissues. This can be recognized both macroscopically and histologically as well. In pursuit of the mutual relationship between the development of cancer lobules and the blood vessels it has been revealed that in furthest the cancer cells are proliferating at the distance of 80 to 200μ away from the nearest vessel wall and as for the cell layer there are about 12 to 22 cancer cells, 15 cells on average, existing in between the furthest cell group and the vessel wall. However, in the area futher away from this distance the necrosis of the cells are found suggesting the cancer cells can not live there. The necrosis of the cell will be caused by the oxygen deficiency as it is supposed that any other anabolic or catabolic material is easier to be transferred by their higher diffusion constants than that of oxygen. From these morphologic observations and in view of theoretical consideraion on the oxygen tension in the cancer tissues it is deduced that the cancer cells require only an extremely small amount of oxygen but cannot live in complete absence of oxygen. Mitosis is seen frequently in the region surrounding the vessels and become rare in the parts apart from the vessels. On the basis of these observations the author discussed about the developing modes of cancer cells in the relation with the vessels, comparing his own experimental results with those presented by other investigators on the morphologic structure of blood vessels in various tumor tissues. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AkagiSeiji en-aut-sei=Akagi en-aut-mei=Seiji kn-aut-name=赤木制二 kn-aut-sei=赤木 kn-aut-mei=制二 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部病理学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=72 cd-vols= no-issue=8-10 article-no= start-page=1665 end-page=1678 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1960 dt-pub=19601030 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=膵内分泌の胃潰瘍発生因子に関する実験的研究 第1編 インシュリン潰瘍について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=It has been suggested, since many years, that endocrine function of the pancreas may be related to the peptic ulceration of the stomach. There has been, however, no unanimous opinion on this item. To clarify this problem, the author investigated, from several points of view, the changes in gastric mucosa following administration of NPH-Insulin to the rat. By the intramuscular administration of NPH-Insulin hemorrhagic erosion of the gastric mucosa, instead of ulceration, was observed especially on the corpus of the glandular stomach. The occurrence of erosion was related to the severity of hypoglycemia produced by the Insulin and the rats showing erosion of the gastric mucosa were always associated with hypoglycemic shock. In the rats with gastric erosion weight of their adrenal glands was increased, concentration of K in sera was decreased, and concentration of Na in sera was increased. The occurrence of erosion in the gastric mucosa following administration of NPH-Insulin was completely hindered by vagotomy and was slightly depressed by administration of Chlorpromazin and of Dietazin. In the adrenaletomized rat, the erosion was more marked even after administration of small dosis of NPH-Insulin, and was not hindered by vagotomy. Gastric secretory function in rat with erosion of the gastric mucosa was depressed by administration of the Insulin. In the histological study of the stomach, contraction of the arteries in the submucosa, dilatation and stagnation of the veins in the submucosa and the mucosa were observed. The erosion did not develop to chronic ulcer even after repeated administration of the Insulin. It was, therefore, confirmed that circulatory disturbance in the gabtric mucosa caused by vascular change which was produced by means of vagal stimulation played a main role on the occurrence of erosion in the administration of the Insulin, and was also surmized that the reduced resistance of the gastric mucosa caused by hypoglycemia promoted formation of erosion. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MorimotoKohei en-aut-sei=Morimoto en-aut-mei=Kohei kn-aut-name=森本浩平 kn-aut-sei=森本 kn-aut-mei=浩平 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部砂田外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=76 cd-vols= no-issue=7-9 article-no= start-page=439 end-page=453 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1964 dt-pub=19640930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Pathophysiology of Viral Hepatitis and Cirrhosis by Means of Peritoneoscopy 2. Observations on Changes of the Surface of the Liver in Hepatitis kn-title=肝炎及び肝硬変の病態生理に関する腹腔鏡学的研究 第2編 肝炎における肝表面像の観察について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Alterations of the surface of the liver, in relation to histological findings, period of the course of hepatitis, splenomegaly, intraspleuic pressure and hepatic hemodynamics, were studied on 273 cases of viral hepatitis, which corresponded to "grosse rote Leber" and "grosses weisse Leber" introduced by Kalk. 1. Redness of the surface and enlargement of the liver were most frequently observed in the earliest stages of the disease and exhibited a relationship to the active histological changes of viral hepatitis. 2. Increased number and dilatation of small blood vessels as well as formation of small scars on the surface of the liver were observed in many cases showing a protracted course and were related to irreversible histological alterations. Abnormal hepatic blood flow was often demonstrated in these cases. 3. Splenomegaly was more frequently detectable in cases. with a longer period of the disease course. In relation to changes of the surface of the liver, increased, dilated small vessels on the surface were positively correlated with splenomegaly, whereas formation of small scars was negatively correlated. 4. There were some cases showing high intrasplenic pressure without an elevation of wedged hepatic venous pressure. These cases often. corresponded to those of chronic hepatitis type V in peritoneoscopic classification (atype characterized by dilatation of small vessels on the liver surface) and type UB in histological classification (a type characterized by scars in the Glisson's capsules). 5. Two sorts of small vessels were peritoneoscopically discernible on the surface of the liver: one was dendriform and the other retiform. Using intravascular injection of guttapercha, it was demonstrated that the majority of the former were originated from portal vein and the remainder from hepatic veins. On the other hand, the latter were branches of hepatic artery. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HiguchiYoshimitsu en-aut-sei=Higuchi en-aut-mei=Yoshimitsu kn-aut-name=樋口祥光 kn-aut-sei=樋口 kn-aut-mei=祥光 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医學部第一内科学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=93 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1009 end-page=1018 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1981 dt-pub=19811230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effects of neuropeptides on pancreatic glucagon secretion. Part I. Changes of pancreatic glucagon concentrations in the dog pancreatic vein after administration of substance P. kn-title=中枢神経系作動物質の膵グルカゴン分泌に対する効果 第一編 Substance P負荷時のイヌ膵静脈血中の膵グルカゴンの変動 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=It has been reported that substance P influences plasma glucagon concentrations; some investigators reported elevation of glucagon but the results are conflicting. This might be due to the differences in the species of experimental animal, dose of administered substance P, study system (in vivo or in vitro), and other experimental conditions. In this study, various doses of substance P were infused into the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery of anesthetized mongrel dogs for 30 min. Plasma glucagon and insulin concentrations in the superior pancreaticoduodenal (pancreatic) vein were measured by radioimmunoassay. For measuring plasma glucagon, 30K antibodies were used. Substance P (100 ng/kg body weight/min) infusion brought about mild hypoglycemia. A rapid and significant increase of plasma glucagon level was observed shortly after sub-stance P administration, then plasma glucagon concentrations decreased transiently during the next 10 to 20 min. Gradual increase to a high plateau level followed after discontinuation of the drug. A small transient decrease of plasma insulin level was seen at the beginning of the experiment. Blood pressure decreased during substance P infusion. Impedance in pancreatic tissue was markedly lowered. The lowered impedance reflects increased blood flow in the tissue. Administration of 25 or 50 ng/kg/min of substance P induced mild lowering of blood glucose and plasma insulin, but increase of plasma glucagon. The infusion of substance P at a dose of 5 ng/kg/min for 30 min did not cause any changes in blood glucose, plasma glucagon or insulin levels. But, after discontinuation of the drug, the plasma glucagon level gradually rose to a significantly high level. Blood pressure was not affected, but impedance in pancreatic tissue showed a gradual, marked decrease. During substance P infusion at a dose of 0.5ng/kg/min, blood-parameters did not vary. After ceasing the infusion, the plasma glucagon level gradually increased. In conclusion, substance P was thought to stimulate dose-related glucagon secretion not only by a neurogenic circulatory action, but also by a direct action on pancreatic alpha cells. The increase in glucagon concentration in the later part of the experiments might be caused by vaso-circulatory changes and other hormonal pharmacological actions of substance P. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MachidaShuji en-aut-sei=Machida en-aut-mei=Shuji kn-aut-name=町田周治 kn-aut-sei=町田 kn-aut-mei=周治 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第三内科学教室 en-keyword=substance P kn-keyword=substance P en-keyword=グルカゴン kn-keyword=グルカゴン en-keyword=インスリン kn-keyword=インスリン END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=121 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=8 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20090401 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Des-γ-carboxy prothrombin-promoted vascular endothelial cell proliferation and migration kn-title=Des-γ-carboxy prothrombinは血管内皮細胞の増殖能と移動能を亢進させる en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujikawaTatsuya en-aut-sei=Fujikawa en-aut-mei=Tatsuya kn-aut-name=藤川達也 kn-aut-sei=藤川 kn-aut-mei=達也 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShirahaHidenori en-aut-sei=Shiraha en-aut-mei=Hidenori kn-aut-name=白羽英則 kn-aut-sei=白羽 kn-aut-mei=英則 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoKazuhide en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Kazuhide kn-aut-name=山本和秀 kn-aut-sei=山本 kn-aut-mei=和秀 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科 消化器・肝臓内科学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科 消化器・肝臓内科学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科 消化器・肝臓内科学 en-keyword=異常プロトロンビン kn-keyword=異常プロトロンビン en-keyword=肝細胞癌 kn-keyword=肝細胞癌 en-keyword=VEGFレセプター2（KDR） kn-keyword=VEGFレセプター2（KDR） en-keyword=血管内皮細胞 kn-keyword=血管内皮細胞 en-keyword=シグナル伝達 kn-keyword=シグナル伝達 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=104 cd-vols= no-issue=7-8 article-no= start-page=747 end-page=761 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1992 dt-pub=199208 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Chemical and physiological changes of serum and thoracic-duct lymph in the dog with experimental obstructive jaundice and/or disorder of liver circulation kn-title=実験的閉塞性黄疸および肝循環障害における血清と胸管リンパ液組成の変動に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A long-term study on the chemical and physiological changes of serum and thoracic-duct lymph in the dog with a ligated common bile duct and/or artificial liver circulation was performed. The influencee of ligation of the common bile duct appeared earlier in the thoracic-duct lymph than in the serum. The portal pressure did not increase in the dog with a ligated common bile duct, but the lymph flow of the thoracic duct was 3 times that before ligation, which would prevent the rapid stagnation of bile pigment in the liver. The portal pressure was not elevated after ligation of the hepatic artery. The cholesterol level in the thoracic-duct lymph was about half of that in the serum. In the dog with ligature of the common bile duct, the serum total cholesterol level was elevated with the elevation of serum bilirubin, whereas that in the lymph of the thoracic duct was not elevated with the elevation of the bilirubin level in the lymph. These findings suggested that cholesterol would not easily enter into the lymphatic route. The serum GPT level increased during the first week after ligation of the hepatic artery, and decreased thereafter. However, after ligation of the common bile duct, the GPT level increased for several weeks after the first week of ligation. The pattern of GPT by both ligations seemed to be cross-crossed. The marked change in the total bilirubin level in the lymph of the thoracic duct suggested its close relation with the lymphatic system. It was proved possible to secure a tube into the thoracic duct for over three weeks by the use of a U-type connector and jacket-type plaster cast. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=UedaYuzo en-aut-sei=Ueda en-aut-mei=Yuzo kn-aut-name=上田祐造 kn-aut-sei=上田 kn-aut-mei=祐造 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一外科学教室 en-keyword=実験的肝障害 kn-keyword=実験的肝障害 en-keyword=閉塞性黄疸 kn-keyword=閉塞性黄疸 en-keyword=肝循環障害 kn-keyword=肝循環障害 en-keyword=胸管リンパ液 kn-keyword=胸管リンパ液 en-keyword=胸管カヌレーション kn-keyword=胸管カヌレーション END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=105 cd-vols= no-issue=7-8 article-no= start-page=705 end-page=714 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1993 dt-pub=199308 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilatory action of adenosine : Examination in open-chest dogs kn-title=Adenosine の内皮依存性冠血管拡張作用―麻酔開胸犬を用いた検討― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To evaluate the endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilatory effect of adenosine, especially the role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO), the dose-response relationship of exogenous adenosine was examined in open-chest dogs before and after intracoronary administration of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (NNLA), a potent inhibitor of NO synthesis. NNLA attenuated the vasodilatory effect of acetylcholine to less than 25% of the control, which indicates NO synthesis inhibition. NNLA caused a rightward shift of the adenosine dose-response curve with a significant increase of EC(50), whereas there was no significant change in the slope of the regression line calculated by log-logit transformation. These findings suggest that the coronary vasodilatory effect of adenosine is partially induced through an increase of NO release, and this action may play a role in the regulation of coronary vascular tone. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ObayashiNaotsugu en-aut-sei=Obayashi en-aut-mei=Naotsugu kn-aut-name=大林直嗣 kn-aut-sei=大林 kn-aut-mei=直嗣 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部循環器内科学教室 en-keyword=adenosine kn-keyword=adenosine en-keyword=EDNO kn-keyword=EDNO en-keyword=coronary endothelium kn-keyword=coronary endothelium en-keyword=coronary vasodilation kn-keyword=coronary vasodilation en-keyword=open chest dog kn-keyword=open chest dog END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=113 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=16 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2001 dt-pub=20010428 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Establishment of an adriamycin-resistant human bladder cancer cell line (T-24/ADM) and analysis of the mechanism of resistance kn-title=Adriamycin 耐性ヒト膀胱癌培養細胞株の樹立と耐性機序に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A human bladder cencer cell line resistant to adriamycin (ADM), T-24/ADM was establishied in vitro by exposing T-24 parent cells to a progressively higher concentration of the drug over an 18 month period. The T-24/ADM was 34.9 times more resistant to ADM than the T-24 parent. The T-24/ADM exhibited cross resistance to ADM derivatives, vinca alkaloid (vindesine, vincristine), etoposide and SN-38, but collateral sensitivity to methotrexate. The biological and biochemical characteristics of T-24/ADM were examined in terms of ADM-resistance. Although a flow cytometric analysis showed that Pglycoprotein is not expressed on the T-24/ADM cells, lower accumalation of the drug caused by decreased uptake and increaced active efflux were observed. The cellular level of glutathione-S-transferase π was 1.8-fold higher than the parent cells and the activity of nuclear extracts of DNA topoisomerase U for T-24/ADM assayed by decatenation of kinetoplast DNA was lower, about one-half that of the T-24 parent. Confocal laser microscopy revealed the difference in intracellular distribution of ADM in T-24/ADM; in particular, the accumlation of the drug in the nucleus decreased. Additionally western blot analysis showed an enhanced expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) in the T-24/ADM cells. This resistant cell may be used as an experimantal system to elucidate the mechanisum of ADM resistance and also as a model for developing new chemotherapeutic strategies against multi-drug resistant bladder cancer. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AkebiNaoki en-aut-sei=Akebi en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name=野比直樹 kn-aut-sei=野比 kn-aut-mei=直樹 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部泌尿器科学教室 en-keyword=adriamycin resistance kn-keyword=adriamycin resistance en-keyword=human bladder cancer cell line kn-keyword=human bladder cancer cell line en-keyword=multidrug resistance kn-keyword=multidrug resistance END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=117 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=119 end-page=125 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2005 dt-pub=20050901 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=In vivo, Real Time Visualization of the Interaction between Perialveolar Microcirculation and Individual Alveolar Respiration by CCD Videomicroscopy in Rats kn-title=ペンシル型CCD 生体顕微鏡システムを用いたin vivo肺微小循環と肺胞呼吸の同時可視化 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We succeeded in visualizing in vivo perialveolar microcirculation and individual alveolar respiration in rats,by our high resolution intravital charge-coupled device videomicroscopy system. To elucidate the relevance and usefullness of our methods, we investigated their behavior 1) under control conditions, 2) during increased tidal volumes (TV), 3)during positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP) application, and 4)during exposure to hypoxia. We recognized a sheet-like flow pattern in capillaries, and observed semi-collapsed capillaries at end-inspiration while flow continued.The latter indicate existence of“vascular waterfall phenomenon”.When TV was increased from 2.5 to 5ml, the alveolar size was increased from 30±10 to 65±18μm (n＝21, p＜0.05), and the red blood cell velocities in perialveolar capillary were significantly decreased from 910±210 to 290±140μm/sec (n＝21,p＜0.05). Following PEEP application with TV of 5ml,the alveolar diameter was increased even more to 80±20μm (n＝12,p＜0.05)and the flows of microvessels stopped temporarily at end-inspiration.We also visualized that precapillary arterioles clearly constricted from 34±6 to 28±6μm in response to hypoxia (n＝9, p＜0.05). In conclusion, the intravital pencil lens-probe videomicroscopy can be a powerful tool for in vivo observation of perialveolar microcirculation and alveolar respiration under important physiological conditions such as changing TV, application of PEEP, and exposure to hypoxia. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MorimotoTaro en-aut-sei=Morimoto en-aut-mei=Taro kn-aut-name=森本太郎 kn-aut-sei=森本 kn-aut-mei=太郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯学総合研究科システム循環生理学 en-keyword=肺微小循環 (pulmonary microcirculation) kn-keyword=肺微小循環 (pulmonary microcirculation) en-keyword=Waterfall 現象 (waterfall phenomenon) kn-keyword=Waterfall 現象 (waterfall phenomenon) en-keyword=低酸素性肺血管収縮 (pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction) kn-keyword=低酸素性肺血管収縮 (pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=61 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=98 end-page=113 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1990 dt-pub=199009 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=New trend of the development of vascular prostheses kn-title=人工血管開発における研究の動向 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=Vascular prostheses have been used in the treatments of various vascular diseases. We expect much from their contribution in the field of further fine vascular surgery. In this communication, new trend of the development of them with our new ideas in our recent research works were described. 1. Healing process of fabric vascular prostheses. Neointima formation of the vascular prosthesis implanted in the descending thoracic aortae of experimental animals were described in detail. This showed a standard behaviour of various cells which contributed the construction of a new arterial wall. 2. Problems of vascular prostheses which were used in clinic. Several problems such as a bleeding from the graft wall, aneurysmal dilatation, and degenerative changes of the neointimae were explained in detail. These problems were related with the structure of each vascular prosthesis. 3. Vascular prostheses developing with new ideas. Several vascular prostheses developing today were described as follows. (a) Fabric prosthesis with high healing ability. A prosthesis made of ultra-fine polyester fibers which can accerelate cell migration and proliferation inside the prosthetic wall was introduced. The neointima in this prosthesis was constructed very rapidly compared with that of the prostheses made of polyester fiber ordinally used. (b) Antithrombogenic small diameter vascular prostheses. Large caliber vascular prostheses have been used very safely in clinic, however, small diameter ones were seldom used due to its low patency rate by their occlusion. The grafts should have an antithrombogenic property to prevent the thrombus formation. Recently, some technologies to give antithrombogenic property to the vascular prostheses were developed. They were a heparin slow release technique, antithrombogenic segmented polyurethane, highly hydrous surface, heparinized collagen tube, etc. They were applied for the development of small diameter vascular grafts and showed good results in some animal experiments. (c) Growable vascular graft. A vascular graft which can grow with the growth of its recipient baby was demonstrated. The animal study showed as expected growth and stop growing at the expected time. (d) Vascular graft for aorto-coronary bypass surgery. A small diameter antithrombogenic, and flexible vascular grafts were explained. They were developed along our own ideas. This showed high patency rate m animal experiments. (e)Endothelial cell seeding techniques. In human, endothelialization m the vascular grafts is delayed and the inner surface was thrombogenic for a long period of time. To accerelate the endothelialization, cell seeding technique have been investigated in the last decade. We developed a new technology to transplant autologous cells in the peripheral vein tissue for this purpose. This was very reliable and simple. It was applicable in any hospital without any special technique and facility. Peripheral venous tissue fragments were transplanted into the fabric vascular prosthetic wall. Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells migrated and proliferated from the tissue fragments. The neointima was constructed very rapidly with this active cell migrations. kn-abstract=人工血管の開発研究における動向について，我々の行ってきた研究をまじえて世界の動きを解析した。近年の砺究の流れは過去1世紀にわたる試行錯誤の上にあって，さらに大きく揺れ動いている。人工血管の内面に必要な抗血栓性の獲得においても，設計者によって考えを異にし，米国では，人工心臓に用いる抗血栓性合性高分子材料をもってそれに当てようとしているものが多い。我々はあくまで宿主のもつ諸機能を引き出し，自然の動きの一つとしての治癒を無理なく導いて，内皮細胞によって内面を覆わせる方法を採用している。そのいくつかの例として，超極細ポリエステル繊維製人工血管，結合組織管，バイオマトリックス人工血管，ヘパリン化生体組織由来人工血管，成長できる人工血管などについて解説した。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NoishikiYasuharu en-aut-sei=Noishiki en-aut-mei=Yasuharu kn-aut-name=野一色泰晴 kn-aut-sei=野一色 kn-aut-mei=泰晴 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属環境病態研究施設リハビリテーション外科学分野 en-keyword=人工血管 (Vascular prosthesis) kn-keyword=人工血管 (Vascular prosthesis) en-keyword=新生内膜 (Neointima) kn-keyword=新生内膜 (Neointima) en-keyword=内皮細胞 (Endothelial cells) kn-keyword=内皮細胞 (Endothelial cells) en-keyword=抗血栓性 (Antithrombogenicity) kn-keyword=抗血栓性 (Antithrombogenicity) END