Frequency and Characteristics of Gastrointestinal Diseases in Patients With Neurofibromatosis

Background and Aim: Patients with neurofibromatosis (NF) frequently experience gastrointestinal symptoms, but the specific characteristics of these lesions are not well understood.
Methods: To investigate the prevalence and nature of gastrointestinal diseases in this population, we analyzed the gastrointestinal lesions identified through endoscopic examinations in patients with NF.
Results: We included 225 patients with NF type 1 (NF1) and 15 with NF type 2 (NF2). None of the NF2 patients underwent endoscopy. Among the NF1 patients, 27 received endoscopies, and 13 (59%) had gastrointestinal lesions. These 13 patients were predominantly male (10 males and three females), with a median age of 53 years (range: 19-76 years). The identified lesions included colorectal polyps (n = 6), gastrointestinal stromal tumors ([GIST], n = 4), subepithelial lesions (n = 3), gastric fundic gland polyps (n = 3), diffuse intestinal ganglioneuromatosis (n = 2), esophageal polyps (n = 2), a Schwann cell hamartoma (n = 1), esophageal cancer (n = 1), and a gastric hyperplastic polyp (n = 1). All GISTs and one case of diffuse intestinal ganglioneuromatosis were surgically resected. Interestingly, six out of 13 patients were asymptomatic. Additionally, all patients who required surgery were 40 years of age or older.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that routine endoscopic examinations, along with imaging techniques like computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, could be beneficial for the early detection of gastrointestinal lesions in NF1 patients aged 40 and above.