| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41504 |
|---|---|
| タイトル（別表記） | The Chinese Society Observed through Abbreviations with Numerals - from BANYUETAN in 1999 - |
| フルテキストURL | oer_031_3_173_194.pdf |
| 著者 | 岡 益巳| |
| 抄録 | Abbreviations involving numerals occupy only 10 to 20% of all abbreviated words. This is why no preceding studies focused on abbreviations with numerals have been made. A series of studies by Oka, Oka [1998a, 1998b, 1999a, 1999b, 1999c, 1999d], already revealed their features. In this study, I will clarify, through abbreviations with numerals, the phase of Chinese society in 1999. When President Lee Teng-hui expressed his opinion on China in his book published in May, 1999 that China should be divided into seven states, Beijing got angry and started to attack his "qi kuai lun" or "sevenstate theory". In July President Lee also made public his provocative theory that the relationships between Taiwan and Mainland are "state-to-state". This again invited rage among the leaders of China, because they believe that. Taiwan is indivisible part of China's territory. Beijing severely criticizes Lee's idea as "liang guo lun" or a "two-state theory". A newly created abbreviation, "san bian" (three at the same time) for example, shows us that corner-cutting and sloppy construction is prevailing all over the country. An increasing number of lay-off workers from state enterprises became a great social problem, and many retraining service centers have been opened, and they offer "yi san yi" (one-three-one) services to help jobless people get employed with new skills. |
| 出版物タイトル | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| 発行日 | 1999-12-10 |
| 巻 | 31巻 |
| 号 | 3号 |
| 開始ページ | 173 |
| 終了ページ | 194 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| 言語 | 日本語 |
| 論文のバージョン | publisher |
| NAID | 120002695984 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41503 |
|---|---|
| タイトル（別表記） | Nonlinear Generalizations of Tucker's Theorem on Inequality Systems |
| フルテキストURL | oer_031_3_163_171.pdf |
| 著者 | 藤本 喬雄| 石山 健一| |
| 抄録 | This note is to prove Tucker's theorem on linear inequalities based on the proof method of minimax theorems which uses Kakutani's fixed point theorem. One device is necessary to convert the minimax theorems to Tucker's formulation. This is a slight restriction on the image sets when creating a set-valued map. We also present nonlinear generalizations of Tucker's theorem employing the same method. All we need is that the set of variable values for which an objective function attains its maximum is convex. This objective function is a convex combination of functions. We also present a proof of the fact that a local characterization of inequality systems, when a given mapping is differentiable, can be made global provided the mapping is concave. |
| 出版物タイトル | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| 発行日 | 1999-12-10 |
| 巻 | 31巻 |
| 号 | 3号 |
| 開始ページ | 163 |
| 終了ページ | 171 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| 言語 | 日本語 |
| 論文のバージョン | publisher |
| NAID | 120002695983 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41502 |
|---|---|
| タイトル（別表記） | On the Fall-off of the Export of Rushen Matting to the United States |
| フルテキストURL | oer_031_3_137_162.pdf |
| 著者 | 神立 春樹| |
| 出版物タイトル | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| 発行日 | 1999-12-10 |
| 巻 | 31巻 |
| 号 | 3号 |
| 開始ページ | 137 |
| 終了ページ | 162 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| 言語 | 日本語 |
| 論文のバージョン | publisher |
| NAID | 120002695982 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41501 |
|---|---|
| タイトル（別表記） | Ambiguousness in Fashion : How Should We Describe Fashion? |
| フルテキストURL | oer_031_3_113_135.pdf |
| 著者 | 栗木 契| |
| 抄録 | In this paper we consider ambiguous character of the fashion.Change is the essential of the fashion. But for people who are now in a fashion movement, fasion is not a faint value. Fashion is a change but a style about which many people are enthusiastic. The difference between a viewpoint in a fashion and a viewpoint out of a fashion divides the views on a fashion. This ambiguity has confused a series of attempts to describe a fashion. We are apt to watch one side of a fashion. But we should try to discuss and describe both reliability and unreliability of the fashion. |
| 出版物タイトル | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| 発行日 | 1999-12-10 |
| 巻 | 31巻 |
| 号 | 3号 |
| 開始ページ | 113 |
| 終了ページ | 135 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| 言語 | 日本語 |
| 論文のバージョン | publisher |
| NAID | 120002695981 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41500 |
|---|---|
| タイトル（別表記） | The Japanese Companies' Problems in Global Competitions |
| フルテキストURL | oer_031_3_087_112.pdf |
| 著者 | 戸前 壽夫| |
| 抄録 | Japanese companies that practice the Japanese style management have pursued scale merit profits by mass production of stand-alone goods and had stronger competitiveness than US companies in '80 s. US companies, especially, cannot follow the overlapping development practicing which the Japanese companies have started. In '90 s, however, US companies have begun the overlapping development practicing by using telecommunication and information technology, and furthermore they do it interorganizationally among firms. As the results, US firms have stronger competitiveness than Japanese firms in the high-tech fields of system goods industries. Japanese companies have to be divided into two groups. One is stand-alone goods industries in which they operate mass production as before. Another is system goods industries in which they must unlearn the past success experiences and have to promote new innovation system. At the same time, they need to change the strategy in global business in the case that they belong to system goods industries. In Global Industries, Bartlett and Ghoshal insist on the 'transnational solution', but it should be noted that their theory is based on the study of stand-alone goods industries. We believe that the virtual corporation has more competitiveness than the transnational organization in system goods industries. |
| 出版物タイトル | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| 発行日 | 1999-12-10 |
| 巻 | 31巻 |
| 号 | 3号 |
| 開始ページ | 87 |
| 終了ページ | 112 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| 言語 | 日本語 |
| 論文のバージョン | publisher |
| NAID | 120002695980 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41499 |
|---|---|
| フルテキストURL | oer_031_3_065_086.pdf |
| 著者 | 山本 清| |
| 抄録 | The new public management (NPM) has spread around the world. Agencification, which is a separation of government into policy and execution functions, is not exceptional. While the process of organisation change differs among countries and services, many studies for innovation in the public sector have considered the transition collectively, i. e. a change from traditional administration to public management. This paper develops a new interactive staging model for organisational transition. The model divides the public services into four types in terms of interdependency and measurement objectivity of the composed activities, and also it considers interactions between internal and external actors of the organisation in the initiation, design and implementation stages. The new model is applied to agencification of the national museums in Japan, which is the transformation of cultural organisations providing a service composed of multiple activities. |
| 出版物タイトル | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| 発行日 | 1999-12-10 |
| 巻 | 31巻 |
| 号 | 3号 |
| 開始ページ | 65 |
| 終了ページ | 86 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| 言語 | 英語 |
| 論文のバージョン | publisher |
| NAID | 120002695979 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41498 |
|---|---|
| タイトル（別表記） | An Evaluation for Tenant Benefits in Public Housing: A Case of Okayama City |
| フルテキストURL | oer_031_3_035_064.pdf |
| 著者 | 中村 良平| 森田 学| |
| 抄録 | In this paper we estimate the tenant benefits in public rental housing supplied by local government on the basis of the data for private housing as well as public housing. In the estimation we specify a Cobb-Douglas utility function defined by housing attributes and other goods, and present a new estimation form of Hicks equivalent variation taking into account implicit marginal prices of public housing. Our work recognizes that the unit cost of housing is different between private and public housings, which is not identified by previous studies. The proposed procedure in this paper requires the estimation of implicit marginal prices of public housing attributes and private housing attributes. We further analyze the relationship between benefits of public housing and subsidy for rent, defined as the difference between the market value of public housing and rent of public housing, and examine the distribution ofthe benefits by household characteristics. This study finds that the calculated benefits from the public housing were 10.0 percent of monthly income, and evidence that benefits are related to income. Our results provide the effectiveness of public rental housing for the lower income households. |
| 出版物タイトル | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| 発行日 | 1999-12-10 |
| 巻 | 31巻 |
| 号 | 3号 |
| 開始ページ | 35 |
| 終了ページ | 64 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| 言語 | 日本語 |
| 論文のバージョン | publisher |
| NAID | 120002695978 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41497 |
|---|---|
| フルテキストURL | oer_031_3_001_033.pdf |
| 著者 | 一ノ瀬 篤| |
| 抄録 | There will be no great opposition, among Japanese people, to the assertion that the problem of non-performing debt was the most important inducement to the present serious depression in Japan. The non-performing debt problem was brought about by the huge swell of the bubble in the later 1980's and its collapse after entering 1990's. As for the causes ofthe bubble formation several useful books were published rather intensively during 1992-93. But in February 1994, Mr. Mieno, the then Governor of the Bank of Japan, stated at a lecturing speech that the causes of the bubble had not been clarified yet. He enumerated some problems to be solved, for example why bubbles took place almost simultaneously over the world, and why such tremendous rise of asset prices occurred. Basically this reflection seems to be right. Relevant researches, which were published mostly during 1992-1993, if we dare to simplify, pointed out two factors as the important causes of the bubble: various financial de-regulations and long-lasted cheap money policy which was closely concerned with the so-called "international cooperation of economic policy" in 1986-87. This paper is not against these arguments at all. However it calls attentions to the fact that preceding researches have overlooked an important problem to be solved: that is to say, the problem of the correlation between the rapid appreciation of yen and the soaring up of asset prices. The paper tries to analyze the simultaneous development of yen appreciation and asset inflation. Consequently it points out that the key factor was the massive inflow of foreign short-term capital. In other words, banks took in huge short-term money from abroad and lent it to firms as impact loan, which is presumably a peculiar Japanese financial instrument. Firms converted borrowed dollar into yen and invested it in asset markets. In the case of stocks, Tokkin & Fan-tora, deposited with trust banks, played an important role as the intermediary. Thus the prices of assets rose steeply. The banks' huge taking-in of foreign short-term money resulted in a strong selling pressure on US dollar in the exchange market. Thus the dollar fell and the yen rose. A pioneering work along this line is S. Nakao (1991). Unfortunately he confines his interest to the relation between the activities of banks and the appreciation of yen, putting the codevelopment of yen appreciation and the asset inflation out of his argument. In addition, preceding researches, which stress the financial deregulations as the most important cause of the bubble, tend only to enumerate various de-regulations. And they seem to have been unsuccessful in clarifying what part of the deregulations was crucial. This paper deems the abolitions of regulations on impact loan and on yenten as crucial. It was these de-regulations that played by far the most important roles in the formation ofthe bubble. Finally, the reader will see some concluding remarks at the end of the paper. The main concern of the paper lies, however, in the field of fact verification. What to learn or derive from verified facts belongs rather to a role of politicians and high officials. |
| 出版物タイトル | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| 発行日 | 1999-12-10 |
| 巻 | 31巻 |
| 号 | 3号 |
| 開始ページ | 1 |
| 終了ページ | 33 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| 言語 | 英語 |
| 論文のバージョン | publisher |
| NAID | 120002695977 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41496 |
|---|---|
| フルテキストURL | oer_031_2_113_143.pdf |
| 著者 | 神立 春樹| |
| 出版物タイトル | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| 発行日 | 1999-09-10 |
| 巻 | 31巻 |
| 号 | 2号 |
| 開始ページ | 113 |
| 終了ページ | 143 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| 言語 | 日本語 |
| 論文のバージョン | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130016 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41495 |
|---|---|
| タイトル（別表記） | An Outline of the Original University and Colleges of the Present Okayama University |
| フルテキストURL | oer_031_2_075_112.pdf |
| 著者 | 神立 春樹| |
| 出版物タイトル | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| 発行日 | 1999-09-10 |
| 巻 | 31巻 |
| 号 | 2号 |
| 開始ページ | 75 |
| 終了ページ | 112 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| 言語 | 日本語 |
| 論文のバージョン | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130015 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41494 |
|---|---|
| タイトル（別表記） | Imari-Porzellan und frühes Meißner Porzellan (3) |
| フルテキストURL | oer_031_2_031_052.pdf |
| 著者 | 松尾 展成| |
| 出版物タイトル | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| 発行日 | 1999-09-10 |
| 巻 | 31巻 |
| 号 | 2号 |
| 開始ページ | 31 |
| 終了ページ | 52 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| 言語 | 日本語 |
| 論文のバージョン | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130013 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41493 |
|---|---|
| フルテキストURL | oer_031_2_025_030.pdf |
| 著者 | 藤本 喬雄| |
| 出版物タイトル | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| 発行日 | 1999-09-10 |
| 巻 | 31巻 |
| 号 | 2号 |
| 開始ページ | 25 |
| 終了ページ | 30 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| 言語 | 英語 |
| 論文のバージョン | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130012 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41492 |
|---|---|
| フルテキストURL | oer_031_2_001_024.pdf |
| 著者 | 古松 紀子| |
| 抄録 | We consider public education provided obligatorily and equally for all individuals. It is usually said that compulsory public education ensures an equal opportunity of education for all individuals and contributes to human capital formation. We will discuss how the introduction of public education affects human capital accumulation and income distribution among heterogeneous individuals in an overlapping generation model. Particularly, we discuss those effects on the long-run equilibrium of individual human capital, considering the threshold effects of human capital stock. |
| 出版物タイトル | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| 発行日 | 1999-09-10 |
| 巻 | 31巻 |
| 号 | 2号 |
| 開始ページ | 1 |
| 終了ページ | 24 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| 言語 | 英語 |
| 論文のバージョン | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130011 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41491 |
|---|---|
| タイトル（別表記） | A Study of an Agricultural Book, |
| フルテキストURL | oer_031_1_171_200.pdf |
| 著者 | 神立 春樹| |
| 出版物タイトル | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| 発行日 | 1999-06-10 |
| 巻 | 31巻 |
| 号 | 1号 |
| 開始ページ | 171 |
| 終了ページ | 200 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| 言語 | 日本語 |
| 論文のバージョン | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129999 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41490 |
|---|---|
| タイトル（別表記） | Unequal Exchanges of Embodied Labour under Prices of Production |
| フルテキストURL | oer_031_1_157_169.pdf |
| 著者 | 和田 豊| |
| 出版物タイトル | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| 発行日 | 1999-06-10 |
| 巻 | 31巻 |
| 号 | 1号 |
| 開始ページ | 157 |
| 終了ページ | 169 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| 言語 | 日本語 |
| 論文のバージョン | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129997 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41489 |
|---|---|
| タイトル（別表記） | The Trend of Attestation Standards for CPAs in the U.S. |
| フルテキストURL | oer_031_1_121_145.pdf |
| 著者 | 児嶋 隆| |
| 出版物タイトル | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| 発行日 | 1999-06-10 |
| 巻 | 31巻 |
| 号 | 1号 |
| 開始ページ | 121 |
| 終了ページ | 145 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| 言語 | 日本語 |
| 論文のバージョン | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129996 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41488 |
|---|---|
| タイトル（別表記） | The Chinese Society Observed through Abbreviations with Numerals - from BANYUETAN in the Latter Half of 1998 - |
| フルテキストURL | oer_031_1_101_120.pdf |
| 著者 | 岡 益巳| |
| 抄録 | In this study, I will clarify, through abbreviations with numerals, the phases of Chinese society in 1998. Abbreviations involving numerals occupy only 10 to 20% of the whole abbreviated words. This is why no preceding studies focused on abbreviations with numerals have been made by other researchers. A series of studies by aka, Oka[1998a, 1998b, 1999a, 1999b], revealed their features and classified them into four groups. Newly created abbreviations with numerals reflect the political, economic and social circumstances of China today because most of them are used as political slogans, and because the rest are used to express typical social phenomena. Jiang Zemin succeeded in securing President Clington's promise on Taiwan problem during the president's visit to China in June 1998. His promise was abbreviated to "san-bu" (three no's). The reform of food dirtribution system faces some difficult problems. One ofthem takes place at the lowest level of official food purchase centers. Hunan Province orders those centers to put up four kinds of notices in order to avoid farmers' uneasiness. This is "si ban shang qiang" (four notices posted on the wall). Still, each center is required to offer "wu liang" (five for cooling) services for farmers who visit there to sell agricultural products in the hot weather. When an abbreviation is widely accepted among people, similar expressions will be derived from it before long. Wide spread of "san pei" (three erotic services) created "xin san pei" (three new services) which means three kinds of excessive hospitalities for senior officers by their juniors. "Wu pei" (five services) has also been made. |
| 出版物タイトル | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| 発行日 | 1999-06-10 |
| 巻 | 31巻 |
| 号 | 1号 |
| 開始ページ | 101 |
| 終了ページ | 120 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| 言語 | 日本語 |
| 論文のバージョン | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129995 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41487 |
|---|---|
| フルテキストURL | oer_031_1_095_100.pdf |
| 著者 | 藤本 喬雄| |
| 出版物タイトル | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| 発行日 | 1999-06-10 |
| 巻 | 31巻 |
| 号 | 1号 |
| 開始ページ | 95 |
| 終了ページ | 100 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| 言語 | 英語 |
| 論文のバージョン | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129994 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41486 |
|---|---|
| タイトル（別表記） | Living Conditions of People during Matukata Deflation Period, 1881-1886 - A Case of Okayama Prefecture - |
| フルテキストURL | oer_031_1_063_094.pdf |
| 著者 | 神立 春樹| |
| 出版物タイトル | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| 発行日 | 1999-06-10 |
| 巻 | 31巻 |
| 号 | 1号 |
| 開始ページ | 63 |
| 終了ページ | 94 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| 言語 | 日本語 |
| 論文のバージョン | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129993 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41485 |
|---|---|
| タイトル（別表記） | The Final Stage ofthe Chinese Civil War in Northeast China - the Background of the Political Situation in Anshan immediately after the WWII - |
| フルテキストURL | oer_031_1_019_061.pdf |
| 著者 | 松本 俊郎| |
| 抄録 | This paper is aimed at outlining the final stage of the Chinese Civil War in northeast China. While the CCW ended in October, 1949, when Maozedong declared his final victory at the Tian-anmen square, the war in northeast China had already finished in November, 1948, eleven months earlier than Maozedong's speech. USSR supported Yan-an by prohibiting the Nationalist to use Port Arthur, and by delivering the weapons, which the Japanese army had left behind, to the Communist after the surrender of Japan. US kept giving huge financial and military aids to the Nationalist since the period of the WWII. Both super powers, however, forced their ideological partners to compromise with their rivals so often. USSR concluded the Sino-Russo Peace League Treaty with the Nationalist Government in August, 1945, believing the victory of the Nationalist, and made joint developing plans for the northeast with it. This treaty forbade USSR to assist the Communist. USSR also feared the deep commitment of US to the northeast. Because of these restrictions, USSR sometimes ordered the Communist to retreat from important cities. On the other hand, Yan-an's strong resistance against the Chongqing (Chungking) lead US to arbitrate between two Chinese parties, the Nationalist and the Communist. US feared the bankruptcy of the Nationalist Government and the collapse of the Chinese society, in order to prevent Chinese from accepting the Communist as a new leader. For these reasons, the process of the CCW became complicated in the second half of 1940 s. |
| 出版物タイトル | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| 発行日 | 1999-06-10 |
| 巻 | 31巻 |
| 号 | 1号 |
| 開始ページ | 19 |
| 終了ページ | 61 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| 言語 | 日本語 |
| 論文のバージョン | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129992 |