Wiley-Blackwell Acta Medica Okayama 0902-4441 90 2 2013 Morphologic, flow cytometric, functional, and molecular analyses of S100B positive lymphocytes, unique cytotoxic lymphocytes containing S100B protein 99 110 EN Yukari Miki Yuka Gion Yuriko Mukae Atsushi Hayashi Hiaki Sato Tadashi Yoshino Kiyoshi Takahashi Little is known about the S100B+ lymphocytes, which are unique human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) containing the S100B protein. It has recently been shown that S100B is released from various types of S100B+ cells and exhibits varied cytokine-like activities. In this study, we precisely characterized the S100B+ lymphocytes of healthy adults with respect to the proportion in the whole PBL, immunophenotypes, function, and their S100B mRNA expression and also evaluated their S100B-releasing activity upon stimulation. S100B+ lymphocytes were detected in all individuals examined, and the proportion of S100B+ lymphocytes in the whole PBL ranged from 0.42% to 16.15% (mean, 4.21%). In addition, two subtypes of S100B+ lymphocytes, a CTL subtype (CD3+ CD8+ CD16-) and a NK subtype (CD3- CD8- CD16+), were detected. The majority of the CTL subtype of S100B+ lymphocytes expressed the alpha beta-T-cell receptor. Surprisingly, S100B mRNA was detected not only in S100B+ lymphocytes, but also in every S100B- lymphocytes, although the expression levels of S100B mRNA in S100B- lymphocytes were much lower than those of S100B+ lymphocytes. The CTL subtype of S100B+ lymphocytes exhibited blastic morphological changes, proliferated and released S100B upon stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. The NK subtype of S100B+ lymphocytes exhibited morphological NK activity when cocultivated with NK-sensitive target, K-562 cells. Thus, the CTL subtype of S100B+ lymphocytes exhibit the biological characteristics of T cells, while the NK subtype of S100B+ lymphocytes exhibit the characteristics of NK cells. These results suggest that S100B+ lymphocytes are a particular subtype of cytotoxic lymphocytes that play a unique role in antitumor immunity. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 1346-4280 53 1 2013 The Evaluation of Immunohistochemical Markers and Thymic Cortical Microenvironmental Cells in Distinguishing Thymic Carcinoma from Type B3 Thymoma or Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma 9 19 EN Atsushi Hayashi Takumi Fumon Yukari Miki Hiaki Sato Tadashi Yoshino Kiyoshi Takahashi Thymic carcinoma (TC) is often very difficult to distinguish from type B3 thymoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma (L-SCC) involving the anterior mediastinum. The present study evaluated the usefulness of immunohistochemical markers including c-Kit, CD5, glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), claudin-1 (CLDN-1), thymoproteasome β5t, p53 and Ki-67 (MIB-1) and thymic cortical environmental marker cells, cortical thymocytes (c-Thy) and thymic cortical dendritic macrophages (TCDMs) in distinguishing thymic carcinoma (TC) from type B3 thymoma or lung squamous cell carcinoma (L-SCC) using 17 cases of type B3 thymoma, 18 cases of TC and 12 cases of L-SCC. The results indicated that c-Kit and CD5 are very useful markers for TC, while GLUT-1, CLDN-1, p53 and Ki-67 are not. Thymic cortical microenvironmental marker cells, especially TCDMs, and thymic cortical epithelial cell-marker β5t are also useful for distinguishing TC from type B3 thymoma. Although none of these markers are adequate for making a distinction when used alone, the plural use of c-Kit, CD5, β5t thymic cortical environmental marker cells, c-Thys and TCDMs may therefore lead to a correct distinction between TC and type B3 thymoma or L-SCC. [J Clin Exp Hematop 53(1) : 9-19, 2013] No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 46 6 1992 Detection of oncogene rearrangements in human non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 407 415 EN Eisaku Kondo Tadashi Yoshino Tadaatsu Akagi Kazuhiko Hayashi Kiyoshi Takahashi Article 10.18926/AMO/32636 Southern blot hybridization was used to detect the rearrangement and amplification of five proto-oncogenes (bcl-2, bcl-1, c-myc, c-myb and c-Ha-ras) and one tumor suppressor gene (RB-1) in 55 Japanese patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; 16 with T-cell lymphomas and 39 with B-cell lymphomas (7 follicular and 32 diffuse lymphomas). Genetic abnormalities of the proto-oncogenes were detected in 7 of the 55 (13%). Genetic abnormalities of bcl-2 plus other genes were detected in 5 of 7 cases of follicular lymphoma (71%), rearrangements of bcl-2 and c-myc, rearrangement of bcl-2 and amplification of c-myb. Genetic abnormalities were observed in only three cases of diffuse lymphoma. In each of 3 cases of B-cell lymphoma, one of the genes, blc-2 mbr, bcl-2 mcr and c-myc, was rearranged respectively. The incidence of genetic abnormalities in diffuse lymphomas (6.3%) was lower than that in follicular lymphomas. None of diffuse lymphomas had double oncogene abnormality. No abnormalities were found in RB-1, bcl-1, and Ha-ras. These findings suggest that follicular lymphomas are associated with some abnormalities of oncogenes not restricted to bcl-2 that facilitate growth which may be associated with their clinical features. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 46 4 1992 Asthma classification by a score calculated from clinical findings and examinations in subjects sensitive to inhalant allergens. 295 301 EN Yoshiro Tanizaki Hikaru Kitani Morihiro Okazaki Takashi Mifune Fumihiro Mitsunobu Masakuni Tanimizu Naoko Honke Yasuharu Kusaura Koji Ochi Hideo Harada Ryo Soda Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura Article 10.18926/AMO/32622 Twenty-one patients with atopic asthma were classified into three types according to their symptoms (clinical diagnosis): Ia, simple bronchoconstriction; Ib, bronchoconstriction + hypersecretion; and II, bronchiolar obstruction, and this classification was compared with a classification made according to clinical findings and examinations (score diagnosis). Type Ib asthma was characterized by the increased incidence of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), while type II was characterized by ventilatory dysfunction in small airways and the increased incidence of neutrophils in BALF. Four patients, whose expectoration was between 50 and 99ml/day, of the 12 with type Ia assessed by clinical diagnosis were evaluated as type Ib by score diagnosis. One patient with type II by clinical diagnosis was assessed as questionable type II by score diagnosis. In the other 16 patients, the clinical and score diagnoses were the same. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 45 4 1991 Specific IgE, IgG and IgG4 antibodies against house dust mite in patients with bronchial asthma. 267 273 EN Morihiro Okazaki Hikaru Kitani Takashi Mifune Fumihiro Mitsunobu Noboru Asaumi Yoshiro Tanizaki Hideo Harada Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura Article 10.18926/AMO/32167 Serum levels of total IgE, specific IgE, IgG and IgG4 against house dust mite were measured in mite-sensitive asthma patients receiving immunotherapy with house dust. Serum levels of total IgE, mite specific IgE and IgG did not significantly change during the course of hyposensitization. Increased levels of mite specific IgG4 were observed in patients during immunotherapy. The increase in specific IgG4 was dependent on the total dose of house dust administered in both children (r = 0.636, p less than 0.001) and adults (r = 0.629, p less than 0.01). However, the increase of specific IgG4 in adults was not as apparent as in children. These results might suggest that mite specific IgG4 is a useful immunological marker in the immunotherapy for allergic asthma, and that IgG4 antibody acts as a blocking antibody in atopic bronchial asthma. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 41 1 1987 Metaplastic bone formation in a hyperplastic polyp of the stomach: a case report. 43 46 EN Yuji Ohtsuki Yoshifumi Danbara Isao Takeda Kiyoshi Takahashi Kazuhiko Hayashi Hiroshi Sonobe Tadashi Yoshino Tadaatsu Akagi Article 10.18926/AMO/31765 Metaplastic bony tissue along with hyperplastic mucosal epithelium showing no atypism was detected in biopsy materials from a Yamada type I gastric polyp. The tissue was metaplastic woven bone associated with calcification. Histogenesis of the bone formation is as yet unknown. This is the first reported case of the presence of metaplastic bone accompanied by hyperplastic gastric mucosa so far. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 41 2 1987 Anticoagulant substance released from human lung mast cells by stimulation with anti-IgE or Ca-ionophore A23187. 85 87 EN Hisatomo Hayashi Takashi Tsuda Naokazu Tsurumi Yutaka Takai Masanori Maeda Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura Article 10.18926/AMO/31744 A significant amount of anticoagulant substance was released along with histamine, when human lung mast cells were stimulated with anti-IgE and Ca-ionophore A23187. Its activity was lost by heparinase, not by chondroitin-ABC lyase or chondroitin-AC lyase, and also inhibited by Polybrene, suggesting it would be heparin. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 47 2 1993 Formation of Charcot-Leyden crystals by human basophils in sputum and peripheral blood. 85 90 EN Kozo Tanabe Kiyoshi Takahashi Masanori Maeda Ikuro Kimura Article 10.18926/AMO/31572 To confirm the formation of Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLC) in basophils, we observed basophils in sputum and peripheral blood. Sealed slide and suspension culture methods were used to observe the process of CLC formation in peripheral blood basophils and eosinophils under electron microscopy. CLC formation was observed in basophils and eosinophils, and was found to be augmented by sealed slide method. A temperature of 4 degrees C was better than 37 degrees C for promoting the formation of crystals. There was no correlation between the degranulation of these cells and the formation of CLC after stimulation with anti-IgE or anti-IgG antibodies. CLC were initially detected in the cytoplasmic granules of basophils where they continued to enlarge. No CLC were identified in mast cells under any conditions studied. These findings confirm that CLC in sputum are not exclusive to eosinophils and that CLC appear to be present in basophil-rich sites under the cell damage. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 39 3 1985 Candida-induced histamine release from basophils: relationship to house dust- and anti-IgE-induced secretion 191 197 EN Yoshiro Tanizaki Haruki Komagoe Michiyasu Sudo Hiroshi Morinaga Hikaru Kitani Saburo Nakagawa Takashi Matsuoka Shinya Tada Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura Article 10.18926/AMO/31532 Candida albicans-induced histamine release from basophils was studied in 54 patients with bronchial asthma in comparison with the release caused by house dust and anti-IgE. The release of histamine induced by C. albicans and that induced by house dust were closely related to the serum levels of specific IgE antibodies as expressed by RAST scores. A correlation of C. albicans-induced histamine release with the release caused by anti-IgE was not generally observed. On the other hand, a close correlation was found between house dust- and anti-IgE-induced histamine release. It was suggested from these results that the differences between C. albicans- and house dust-induced histamine release might be due to the different antigenicity of the two allergens. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 39 4 1985 The calcium antagonist, nicardipine, inhibits antigen-stimulated and anti-IgE-induced histamine release from basophilic leucocytes of atopic asthmatics. 247 251 EN Yoshiro Tanizaki Haruki Komagoe Hiroshi Morinaga Jun Ohtani Saburo Nakagawa Masanori Maeda Hikaru Kitani Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura Article 10.18926/AMO/31498 The inhibitory effect of nicardipine, a calcium antagonist, on the antigen- and anti-IgE-induced histamine release from basophilic leucocytes of patients with bronchial asthma was examined. The agent significantly inhibited both antigen-stimulated and anti-IgE-induced histamine release from basophils (the maximum percent inhibition was 57.8 +/- 7.2% and 56.0 +/- 8.8%, respectively). Pre-incubation of basophils with nicardipine for periods of up to 120 min did not alter the inhibitory effect. These results suggest that nicardipine modifies the histamine release from basophils which closely participate in an attack of bronchial asthma. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 48 2 1994 Partial Purification and Chraracterization of Dendritic Cell Differentiation Factor 67 72 EN Katsuya Miyatani Kiyoshi Takahashi Hiroyuki Yanai Tadashi Yoshino Tadaatsu Akagi Article 10.18926/AMO/31108 Previously, we reported that interleukin-2 (IL-2)-stimulated helper T cells produced an unknown soluble factor which induced dendritic cell-like differentiation in primary cultures of monocytic leukemia cells and we referred to this factor as dendritic cell differentiation factor (DCDF). In this study, we attempted to purify and characterize DCDF and investigated its biological effect on normal human monocytes. Gel filtration chromatography indicated that the molecular weight of DCDF is approximately 30-35 kDa. Chromatofocusing indicated that the isoelectric point of DCDF is approximately 5.0. DCDF, partially purified by subsequent gel filtration, chromatofocusing, and hydrophobic chromatography, significantly enhanced the HLA-DR expression of normal human monocytes and a human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1. This biological activity was not neutralized by any known antibodies to human cytokines. DCDF significantly amplified the T-cell stimulatory activity of monocytes in the allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). Moreover, DCDF significantly enhanced IL-1 beta and IL-6 production by monocytes in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that DCDF is a novel human cytokine which stimulates the accessory cell function of monocytes. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 48 4 1994 Application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to the microscopically identified cells on the slides: evaluation of specificity and sensitivity of single cell PCR. 189 193 EN Norihiro Teramoto Yuji Tonoyama Tadaatsu Akagi Ashit Baran Sarker Tadashi Yoshino Ichiro Yamadori Kiyoshi Takahashi Article 10.18926/AMO/31091 The sensitivity and specificity of single cell polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were studied. Its high sensitivity enabled detection of a single-copy gene, such as human T-lymphotropic virus type I genome in paraffin sections. The rate of obtaining positive signals with this method was affected by the number of copies of the gene in the target cell. Specificity was satisfactory if the procedure was properly and carefully followed. Since the single cell PCR is a time-consuming method which requires skill and experience to pick up the target cells accurately, the applicability of this method is limited. It works best when it is used to analyze a single or a few copy genes in histologically identified cells. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 32 1 1978 Farber's disease (disseminated lipogranulomatosis): the first case reported in Japan. 69 79 EN Hiroshi Ozaki Machiko Mizutani Hiromitsu Hayashi Eiji Oka Shunsuke Ohtahara Hiroshi Kimoto Toshio Tanaka Hand Hakozaki Kiyoshi Takahashi Yoshiyuki Suzuki Article 10.18926/AMO/31080 We report the first case in Japan, i.e., the first case among oriental subject of Farber's disease. This is a rare disorder of lipid metabolism in infancy subsequent to a genetically-determined defect in ceramide degradation. Main features are characterized clinically by hoarseness, joint swelling, subcutaneous nodules and retarded psychomotor development. Lipid analysis and pathological investigation on the material obtained from a subcutaneous nodule confirmed clearly the presence of ceramide and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies characteristic for Farber's disease. In this case, we experienced also corneal opacity and striking abnormalities in electroencephalogram, which have apparently not been noticed in the 17 cases hitherto reported. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 42 4 1988 Eosinophilic leucocytes and arylsulfatase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with bronchial asthma. 227 230 EN Yoshiro Tanizaki Michiyasu Sudo Hikaru Kitani Hiroyuki Araki Kazuhiko Oki Mitsuaki Tsuji Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura Article 10.18926/AMO/30993 The arylsulfatase activity and histamine concentration of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were examined in patients with bronchial asthma in relation to the eosinophil count and asthma type (atopic and non-atopic). The BALF arylsulfatase activity and histamine concentration were significantly higher in atopic asthmatics than in non-atopic asthmatics. In atopic asthmatics, the activity of arylsulfatase was significantly increased in patients with a higher eosinophil count (10% or more). However, the BALF histamine concentration did not correlate with the eosinophil count. In non-atopic asthmatics, there was no significant correlation between arylsulfatase activity and the eosinophil count. The results show that arylsulfatase participates in IgE-mediated allergic reactions. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 29 1 1975 Menaquinone (vitamin K2) therapy for bronchial asthma. I. Mechanism of action menaquinone on allergic reactions. 73 81 EN Ikuro Kimura Yoshiro Tanizaki Shuichi Sato Katsuyoshi Saito Kiyoshi Takahashi Nobuo Ueda Hatsuko Ono Yoshiaki Moritani Article 10.18926/AMO/30932 The mechanism of action of the drug was investigated from various points of view. The findings may be summarized as follows: 1. In the experiments of the degranulation of mesenteric mast cells of rats, menaquinone proved to significantly inhibit the degranulation either in active or passive sensitization with the reagin-like antibody. 2. Menaquinone did not inhibit the formation of the reagin-like antibody. 3. In the experiements of the degranulation of basophilic granulocytes from patients of bronchial asthma, the rate of appearance of A form basophilic cells upon addition of the antihuman IgE goat serum was not markedly but significantly inhibited in the patients treated with menaquinone for long periods, as compared with that in the control, whereas the in vitro addition of menaquinone did not exert a significant inhibitory action. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 43 2 1989 A case of ovarian leiomyoma. 131 134 EN Hiroshi Sonobe Kazuhiko Hayashi Kiyoshi Takahashi Article 10.18926/AMO/30874 A case of ovarian leiomyoma is reported, together with histologic, immunohistologic and electron microscopic findings. A solid firm tumor, measuring 6.5 X 5 X 5 cm, was found in the right ovary of a 65-year-old woman. The tumor had an obvious whorled pattern on the cut-surface. Well-differentiated, long spindle-shaped neoplastic cells revealed positive immunoreactivity for anti-desmin. Ultrastructural observations included numerous microfilaments with dense patches in the cytoplasm, micropinocytotic vesicles beneath plasma membranes and continuous basal laminae around neoplastic cells. These findings were compatible with leiomyoma. The possible histogenesis of ovarian leiomyoma was discussed. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 43 4 1989 Ontogeny of S-100 protein-positive histiocytes and lymphocytes in the human fetal lymphoreticular system. 203 210 EN Tadaatsu Akagi Soichiro Nose Kiyoshi Takahashi Tadashi Yoshino Yasushi Horie Makoto Motoi Hiroshi Sonobe Hideaki Enzan Article 10.18926/AMO/30854 In the human lymphoreticular system, the alpha and beta subunits of S-100 protein are found in ordinary monocyte-macrophages and non-phagocytic histiocytes such as Langerhans cells and interdigitating reticulum cells, respectively. The beta subunit is also present in some CD8+ T cells. In the present study, we investigated the ontogeny of these histiocytes and lymphocytes in humans. Yolk sacs and 4 to 21-week fetuses were examined immunohistochemically for the presence of S-100 protein subunits using antisera monospecific to each subunit. S-100 alpha + macrophages were present in the yolk sacs and the hepatic sinusoids of the 4th week embryos prior to bone marrow hematopoiesis. These macrophages later appeared in other lymphoid organs when anlagen of these organs were formed. No S-100 beta + cells were found in the yolk sacs. S-100 beta+ histiocytes were first detected in the hepatic sinusoids of the 5th week embryo, and after the 8th week of gestation, they were distributed in other lymphoid organs. S-100 beta+ lymphocytes were not found in the liver. They were first detected in the thymus at the 12th week of gestation, and were subsequently distributed in other lymphoid organs. These results suggest that S-100 beta+ lymphocytes and histiocytes may belong to different cell lineages, and the former may not be the precursor of the latter. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 51 4 1997 Analysis of the genome of an Epstein-Barr-virus (EBV)-related herpesvirus in a cynomolgus monkey cell line (Si-IIA) 207 212 EN Hideo Ino Kazuhiko Hayashi Hiroyuki Yanai Norihiro Teramoto Tirtha Raj Koirala Hong-Li Chen Takashi Oka Tadashi Yoshino Kiyoshi Takahashi Tadaastu Akagi Article 10.18926/AMO/30764 A simian cell line, Si-IIA, harboring Epstein-Barr-virus (EBV) -related herpesvirus (Si-IIA-EBV), produces malignant lymphoma in rabbits when administered by intravenous inoculation. In this study, we analyzed the Si-IIA-EBV genome and compared it with human EBV and herpesvirus macaca fascicularis 1 (HVMF 1 ), which is associated with B-cell lymphoma developing in SIV-infected immunosuppressed monkeys. DNA from Si-IIA-EBV was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using three different primer pairs complementary to human EBV (B95-8) DNA; two of the primer pairs covered part of the long internal repeat 1 region (IR 1) and the third covered part of the BRRF 1 region. Direct sequencing of the three PCR products revealed that Si-IIA-EBV DNA had about 82% nucleotide homology to the human EBV DNA in all three regions and 92.4% homology to HVMF1 in the IR1 region. The blotting pattern by Southern blot analysis was different between Si-IIA-EBV and human EBV. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 34 6 1980 Clinical effects of HC 20-511 (ketotifen) in bronchial asthma and its inhibitory effect on antigen-induced morphological changes of basophils 383 388 EN Yoshiro Tanizaki Kiyoshi Takahashi Yoshinori Goda Yoshihede Sasaki Hiroshi Harada Ikuro Kimura Article 10.18926/AMO/30530 Sixty-four patients with confirmed bronchial asthma were treated with HC 20-511 (Ketotifen). HC20-511 was evaluated to be very effective in 6.3%, effective in 50.0% and slightly effective in 10.9% of these patients. The appearance of reactive basophils was inhibited by HC 20-511 in 5 out of 6 cases of reaction to house dust, in all three cases with buckwheat allergy to their allergen and in 7 out of 11 cases to anti-IgE. These results confirm that HC 20-511 inhibits type I allergic reactions induced by specific allergen and IgE. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 50 3 1996 Regulation of Interleukin-2 Receptor y Chain mRNA Expression in Human Monocytic Cell Line THP-1 145 150 EN Hiroyuki Yanai Tadashi Yoshino Kiyoshi Takahashi Yoshifumi Ninomiya Tadaatsu Akagi Article 10.18926/AMO/30509 Circulating hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles can be fractionated by means of differential flotation centrifugation. It is reported that in the bottom fraction HCV is in the form immune complexes, whereas in the top, it is free of antibodies. We evaluated the significance of circulating complex and free HCV in chronic hepatitis C, and assessed the relationship in terms of the response to interferon (IFN) therapy. We examined sera before, just after, and 1 year after administering IFN to 18 patients with chronic hepatitis C, 10 of whom responded (group CR), and 8 did not (group NR). The amounts of virus were similar between both groups before therapy. After differential flotation centrifugation with 1.063 g/ml of NaCl, the top and bottom fractions were assayed for HCV RNA. Before therapy, HCV RNA was detected in the top fraction in 1 of 10 in group CR, and in 6 of 8 in group NR (P < 0.05, chi-square test). HCV RNA was positive in the bottom fraction of all samples. In a follow-up study of group NR, HCV RNA was detected in the top fraction in 3 of 8 just after IFN therapy, and in 7 of 8 after 1 year. This study suggests that the presence of HCV in the top fraction can predict a poor response to IFN therapy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 50 5 1996 Variable expression of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein I in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease. 267 270 EN Norihito Teramoto liu Cao Nobuhiro Kawasaki Yuji Tonoyama Ashit Baran Sarker Tadashi Yoshino Kiyoshi Takahashi Tadaatsu Akagi Article 10.18926/AMO/30493 Reed-Sternberg cells (RS cells) of Hodgkin's disease (HD) are frequently infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and express EBV-encoded nonpolyadenylated RNA transcripts (EBER)-1. EBV latency has been classified into three distinct forms: Latency I, expressing only one of the latent proteins, EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA)-1, latency II, coexpressing EBNA-1 and LMPs, and latency III, expressing all latent viral proteins. RS cells express LMP-1 in addition to EBNA-1 and are considered to be EBV latency II frequently encountered in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We examined 13 cases of EBV-infected HD by combined EBER-1 in situ hybridization and immunostaining for LMP-1. All of the RS cells expressed EBER-1, but a substantial number of EBER-1+ RS, cells were negative for LMP-1. The percentage of LMP-1+ RS cells out of EBER-1+ RS cells varied from 7% to 100% (average 69%). In this study, we showed that all EBV-infected RS cells were not restricted to latency II, and some belonged to latency I. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 50 2 1996 Detection of Epstein-Barr virus RNA and related antigens in non-neoplastic lymphoid lesions. 89 96 EN Yuji Tonoyama Norihiro Teramoto Ashit Baran Sarker Tadashi Yoshino Kazuhiko Hayashi Kiyoshi Takahashi Tadaatsu Akagi Article 10.18926/AMO/30484 To elucidate the latent state and reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in non-neoplastic lymphoid lesions, we investigated 144 non-neoplastic lymphoid lesions by in situ hybridization (ISH) to detect the expression of EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBER)-1 and BCRF-1 and by immunostaining for latent membrane protein (LMP)-1 and ZEBRA. ISH for EBER-1 detected EBER-1-positive cells (EPC) in 31 of the 144 examined lesions (22%). EPC were detected in 4 of 49 cases of nonspecific lymphoid hyperplasia, in 16 of 20 abscess-forming granulomatous lymphadenitis (AFGL), 5 of 25 Kikuchi's disease, and in 3 of 3 infectious mononucleosis. LMP-1 was expressed in 6 of 124 non-neoplastic lymphoid lesions (4.8%). LMP-1-positive cells were observed in 6 of the 31 EBER-1-positive cases (19%). EPC were detected significantly more frequently in LMP-1- and ZEBRA-positive specimens than in the LMP-1- and ZEBRA-negative specimens. BCRF-1 was expressed in 4 of 11 cases examined: 2 of 3 AFGL, 1 of 2 Kikuchi's disease, and in the 1 case of atypical lymphoid hyperplasia. This study suggests that Epstein-Barr virus is prevalent and can be reactivated in the lymph nodes effaced by destructive inflammation, such as AFGL. Such inflammation may provide a local milieu that is conducive for EBV to enter the lytic cycle. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 44 5 1990 Comparison of monoclonal antibodies reactive with lymphocyte subsets in routinely fixed paraffin-embedded material: flow cytometric analyses, immunoperoxidase staining and influence of fixatives. 243 250 EN Tadashi Yoshino Yoshihiko Hoshida Ichiro Murakami Kiyoshi Takahashi Tadaatsu Akagi Article 10.18926/AMO/30447 We have attempted to clarify the characteristics of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) detecting lymphocyte subsets in fixed materials. We examined by means of flow cytometric technique influences of fixatives and reactivity with malignant lymphomas (MLs). Specific markers for T-cells were UCHL1 and OPD4, which reacted especially with helper/inducer T-cells. MT1 recognized almost all of T-cells from peripheral blood and tonsils, but reacted with a part of B-MLs. As for B-cell markers, L26 was the most reliable marker for B-MLs. L26 and MB1 antigens could not be detected on living cells flow cytometrically. LN1 reacted with a part of T-cells as well as B-cells, but fluorescent intensity of the former was apparently stronger than that of the latter. Although LN2 antigen was located mainly in the cytoplasm close to the nuclear membrane immunohistochemically, it could be detected on living cells flow cytometrically. LN2 positive cells belonged to B-cells in peripheral blood and tonsils. When fixed for relatively short time, B5 and buffered formalin were better for examining MAbs than non-buffered formalin and ethanol. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 38 3 1984 Histamine release from whole blood induced by anti-IgE: relationship to patient age, age at onset and serum IgE levels. 275 280 EN Yoshiro Tanizaki Haruki Komagoe Michiyasu Sudo Hiroshi Morinaga Hikaru Kitani Shinya Tada Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura Article 10.18926/AMO/30359 Anti-IgE-induced histamine release from basophils was examined in 46 asthmatic subjects using a whole blood method. Basophils from subjects less than 30 years old released more histamine than those from subjects aged 41 to 50. The age at onset of the disease also affected the reactivity of basophils to anti-IgE: basophils showed a high response in subjects whose age at onset was between 0 and 10 years, and low response in the subjects whose age at onset was between 41 and 50 years. There was a correlation between histamine release and serum IgE levels. However, individual dose-response curves of histamine release varied greatly in whom serum IgE levels were low. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 38 5 1984 Classification of asthma based on clinical symptoms: asthma type in relation to patient age and age at onset of disease. 471 477 EN Yoshiro Tanizaki Haruki Komagoe Michiyasu Sudo Hiroshi Morinaga Yutaro Shiota Shinya Tada Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura Article 10.18926/AMO/30339 Seventy-one cases of bronchial asthma were classified into three types: bronchospasm, bronchospasm-hypersecretion and bronchiolar obstruction types. The characteristics of each type were studied in relation to patient age and age at onset of the disease. In the 71 subjects studied, the most frequent type was the bronchospasm type followed by the bronchospasm-hypersecretion type and bronchiolar obstruction type. Intractable asthma was most frequently observed in the bronchiolar obstruction type and least in the bronchospasm type. Most of the patients under 50 years of age showed the bronchospasm type. The bronchospasm-hypersecretion type was characteristically accompanied by blood eosinophilia when the patient age was under 50 years. In the bronchospasm-hypersecretion type, the incidence of intractable asthma was high in patients under 50 years of age, but not remarkable in those over 50. A large proportion of the patients over 50 years of age were of the bronchiolar obstruction type. There was no difference in the incidence of intractable asthma between the two groups classified by age at onset. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 38 6 1984 Blood eosinophilia in bronchial asthma and its relationship to IgE-mediated reactions 525 531 EN Yoshiro Tanizaki Haruki Komagoe Michiyasu Sudo Hiroshi Morinaga Hikaru Kitani Shinya Tada Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura Article 10.18926/AMO/30325 The correlation between blood eosinophilia and anti-IgE-mediated histamine release was investigated in 22 bronchial asthma patients with peripheral eosinophilia (over 8%). In the cases (Group A-1 and Group A-2) in which house dust was the specific antigen, significant histamine release from basophils was induced by anti-IgE and house dust. The result indicates a relationship between eosinophilia and the IgE-mediated mechanism of disease onset. In the cases (Group A-3) with RAST scores of 0+ and 1+ to house dust, the anti-IgE-induced histamine release varied from low to high percentages, and the participation of the IgE-mediated pathway was indicated in some cases. In the cases (Group B) with negative skin reactions, few patients had a family history of allergic disease. Their ages at onset were higher, and they demonstrated lower total IgE levels. These cases showed an extremely low percent of histamine release from basophils, which indicated the absence of a correlation between eosinophilia and IgE-mediated mechanisms. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 38 4 1984 Effect of a serum factor on IgE-mediated histamine release from whole blood. 381 387 EN Yoshiro Tanizaki Haruki Komagoe Michiyasu Sudo Hiroshi Morinaga Saburo Nakagawa Hikaru Kitani Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura Article 10.18926/AMO/30315 IgE-mediated histamine release from whole blood was analyzed in 44 patients with bronchial asthma by observing maximum present release and dose-response curves of histamine release induced by anti-IgE and house dust extract. The maximum histamine release from whole blood induced by anti-IgE correlated with total serum IgE levels. There was a close correlation between allergen-induced release from whole blood and the serum levels of specific IgE antibodies. In the maximum histamine release from whole blood induced by both anti-IgE and allergen, the interaction with a serum factor was not clearly recognized. Effect of a serum factor was shown in the dose-response curves of anti-IgE-induced histamine release, but not in those of allergen-induced histamine release. The dose-response curves caused by anti-IgE showed that basophils from cases with a high serum IgE level require much more anti-IgE to produce maximum histamine release than basophils from cases with a low serum IgE level. The results showed that IgE molecules contained in the serum participate in anti-IgE-induced histamine release from whole blood. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学温泉研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0369-7142 53 1983 気管支喘息のステロイド療法における2,3の問題点について―ステロイド依存性喘息を中心に― 45 49 EN Haruki Komagoe Michiyasu Sudo Chiharu Okada Yoshiro Tanizaki Hiroshi Morinaga Hikaru Kitani Yoshinori Goda Shinya Tada Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura 10.18926/21121 Adverse side effects of steroid therapy were investigated in 32 asthmatic patients. Thirty-two patients were classified into three groups according to steroid therapy for the past five years; group 1 has been treated with continuous steroid therapy, group 2 with occasional steroid therapy and group 3 without steroid therapy. The results were as follows. 1. Group 1 showed a low level of serum cortisol at 8-9 a. m. The serum concentration of cortisol in patients with daily steroid regimen was lower as compared to that in patients with alternateday steroid therapy. 2. The daily profile of serum cortisol was low in the steroid dependent asthmatic patients, and little increase of serum cortisol level after the administration of prednisolone was shown in group 1. 3. Serum IgG and IgM levels were significantly low in steroid dependent asthmatic patients. 4. The level of serum potassium was low in group 1. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医学部附属環境病態研究施設, 岡山大学医学部附属病院三朝分院 Acta Medica Okayama 09133771 61 1990 Distant effects of spa therapy on steroid-dependent intractable asthma 1 6 EN Yoshiro Tanazaki Michiyasu Sudo Hikaru Kitani Kazuhisa Kawauchi Takashi Mifune Hiroyuki Okuda Shinya Tada Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura 10.18926/19842 The immediate effects (IEs) and distant effects (DEs) of spa therapy were observed in 67 patients with steroid- dependent intractable asthma (SDIA). (1) The IEs of spa therapy evaluated one week after spa therapy were considerably high, and the efficacy rate was 61.5% in type Ⅰa, 82.7% in type Ⅰb, and 83.4% in type Ⅱ asthmatics. (2) The DEs of spa therapy on SDIA were also observed. The efficacy rate was 50.2% in type Ⅰa, 54.3% in type Ⅰb and 63.7% in type Ⅱ asthmatics. (3) The DEs　of spa therapy were different between cases with and without maintenance therapy (MT).　The efficacy rate of DEs was generally high (72.8～91.7%) in cases with MT, and low (16.7～40.0%) in cases without MT. These results show that MT is very important to keep the IEs of spa therapy high for a long time. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医学部附属環境病態研究施設, 岡山大学医学部附属病院三朝分院 Acta Medica Okayama 09133771 60 1989 重症難治性喘息における副腎皮質ホルモン投与の影響 61 66 EN Hiroyuki Araki Hikaru Kitani Michiyasu Sudo Yoshiro Tanizaki Sinya Tada Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura 10.18926/19808 重症難治性喘息におけるステロイド剤の副腎皮質機能，免疫能に及ぼす影響を調べるため，喘息患者65例を過去3年間のステロイド剤使用状況により，Ⅰ群：依存性症例，Ⅱ群：時に使用する症例，Ⅲ群：非使用例の3群に分け，血清コルチゾール値，末梢血リンパ球数及び血清免疫グロブリンについて検討した。結果は，血清コルチゾール値：Ⅰ群4.0μg／dℓ，Ⅲ群11.6μg／dℓ，末梢血リンパ球数：Ⅰ群1，659／mm（3）Ⅲ群2，150／mm（3），I gG：Ⅰ群1，062mg／dℓ，Ⅲ群1．501mg／dℓ，IgA：Ⅰ群218mg／dℓ，Ⅲ群279mg／dℓ，IgM：Ⅰ群148mg／dℓ，Ⅲ群227mg／dℓとⅠ群はⅢ群に比べ有意に低い平均値を示しステロイド剤の副腎皮質機能，免疫能への抑制作用が窺われた。また末梢血リンパ球数の減少は，高齢者のステロイド依存性例に顕著であった。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医学部附属環境病態研究施設, 岡山大学医学部附属病院三朝分院 Acta Medica Okayama 09133771 60 1989 ユスリカ喘息に関する臨床的検討 ―HD陽性例および陰性例の比較検討― 54 60 EN Hikaru Kitani Hiroyuki Araki Michiyasu Sudo Yoshiro Tanizaki Sinya Tada Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura Hiroyuki Matsuoka Akira Ishii 10.18926/19805 近年ユスリカが気管支喘息の原因抗原となり得ることが報告されている。しかし，その臨床的特徴はいまだ明らかにされていない。このユスリカ抗原の特徴を検討する目的で，気管支喘息症例163例をHD（ハウスダスト）に感作されたRAST　score2＋以上の陽性例82例とscore1＋以下の陰性例81例とに分けて比較検討を行なった。その結果皮膚反応，ヒスタミン遊離，CTT抗原を用いた特異的IgE抗体いずれの検討においても，HDに感作された症例が，よりユスリカ抗原にも感作されやすいことが明らかになった。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医学部附属環境病態研究施設, 岡山大学医学部附属病院三朝分院 Acta Medica Okayama 09133771 59 1988 ステロイド依存性重症難治性喘息の臨床的検討－免疫アレルギー学的検討－ 47 53 EN Hikaru Kitani Hiroyuki Araki Michiyasu Sudo Yoshiro Tanizaki Mituaki Tsuji Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura 10.18926/19764 ステロイド依存性重症難治性喘息56例について免疫アレルギー学的検討を行った。その結果41才以降発症のLate　Onset　Asthmaが約半数を占め，血清IgE値が比較的低値であり，ハウスダストに対しての皮内反応，特異的IgE抗体価，ヒスタミン遊離はいずれも全般的に低く，カンジダに対しての皮内反応，特異的IgG抗体価はむしろ比較的高く，肺機能では末梢気道閉塞の傾向が窺われ，臨床分類では，気管支攣縮＋過分泌型，および細気管支閉塞型が多数を占める等の特徴を有することが明らかにされた。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医学部附属環境病態研究施設, 岡山大学医学部附属病院三朝分院 Acta Medica Okayama 09133771 59 1988 Basophil histamine release by anti-IgE in Subjects of chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma 31 36 EN Yoshiro Tanizaki Michiyasu Sudo Hikaru Kitani Hiroyuki Araki Mitsuaki Tsuji Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura 10.18926/19755 Histamine release from basophils induced by anti-IgE was studied in 8 patients with chronic bronchitis and 50 patients with bronchial asthma by analyzing doseresponse curves. As the result, there were no significant differences in maximum percent histamine release from basophils among three groups of healthy subjects (24.7± 14.2%), patients with chronic bronchitis (27.7±22.1%) and those with bronchial asthma (28.4±17.0%). In the patients with bronchial asthma, the maximum percent histamine release was higher in accordance with higher serum IgE levels, and low maximum percent release was observed in patients with intrinsic asthma (14.1±7.2%). Study of dose-response curves of anti-IgE-induced histamine release showed that a negative slope from E(2) to E(1) was observed in both healthy subjects and patients with chronic bronchitis. The majority of asthmatics with serum IgE levels of 501IU/ml or over showed a positive slope from E(2) to E(1). No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 87 1-2 1975 気管支喘息におけるMenaquinone (vit. K(2))の臨床効果について 65 69 EN Ikuro Kimura Yoshiro Tanizaki Suichi Sato Katsuyoshi Saito Kiyoshi Takahashi Nobuo Ueda Hatsuko Ono Yoshiaki Moritani A series of 191 patients of bronchial asthma were treated with menaquinone for not less than one year, and the clinical effect of the drug was investigated. 1) The therapy with menaquinone only gave effective rate of 90.0% (a marked effective rate of 42.4%) in mild patients, an effective of 86.7% (a marked effective rate of 30.0%) in moderate patients, and an effective rate of 72.2% (a marked effective rate of 27.3%) in severe patients. namely, considerably high effective rates were attained by the therapy in the respective patients. 2) The therapy with menapuinone, in conjunction with hyposensitization therapy, gave an effective rate of 100% (a marked effective rate of 33.3%) in mild patient, and an effective rate of 93.8% (a marked effective rate of 34.4%) in moderate patients, but such a low effective rate as 60% (a marked effective rate of 10%) in severe patients. It was revealed that menaquinone therapy is more effective, when employed in conjunction with hyposensitization. 3) The double blind stuby of the clinical effects of menaquinon revealed that the placebo used in the study was effective on only 16.7% of the patients treated with it, and that the incidence of recurrence due to discontinuance of menaquinone therapy tended to be low in patients treated with the drug for long periods. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 89 11-12 1977 アレルギー反応局所における好塩基球の動態に関する研究第3編中間型および遅延型アレルギー反応皮膚局所への好塩基球の出現について 1475 1485 EN Kiyoshi Takahashi The appearance of basophils and eosinophils at the sites of late or delayed skin reaction was examined in 34 bronchial asthmatics. Using guinea pigs, basophils at the site of cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity were observed with electron microscopy. The results were as follows. 1) The numbers of basophils and eosinophils increased significantly at the sites of positive delayed skin reaction to PPD and various allergens. Furthermore, the above phenomenon was much more conspicuous and significant at the sites of positive late reactions than of negative ones. 2) The appearance of basophils showed two peaks, i.e., at 30 minutes and 6 hours, after intradermal allergen injection. Eosinophils appeared at 6 hours in the peak. 3) In the cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity, migrating basophils and eosinophils were observed around the blood vessels in the hypodermis of guinea pigs. Electron microscopic observations demonstrated that basophils showed exocytotic degranulations were sometimes phagocytized by macrophages. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 89 11-12 1977 アレルギー反応局所における好塩基球の動態に関する研究第2編即時型アレルギー反応皮膚局所への好塩基球の出現について 1461 1473 EN Kiyoshi Takahashi Vesicular exudate was produced by the application of Unguentum Vesicans on the skin which was treated with various allergenic extracts. The exudate was than examined for the presence of basophils and eosinophils in 134 patients with bronchial asthma. The results were as follows. 1) Larger numbers of total white cells in the vesicle were seen at the sites of the skin test than at the untreated skin sites. 2) A slightly larger number of basophils and eosinophils was found in the vesicular fluid at the sites of skin, which demonstrated a positive immediate-type reaction, than in the sites of negative to an allergen. 3) Basophils appeared in relatively higher rate in the fluid of positive reaction to candida or ragweed than to house dust. A tendency of eosinophil migration into such vesicular lesions was about the same as basophil migration, although statistically not significant. 4) Basophils and eosinophils in the vesicular fluid with positive reaction using higher concentration of candida or house dust extract showed more increase than using lower concentration. It was found that both cells increased clearly around the concentration of house dust at the end point of the skin. 5) There was a relationship between basophil numbers in peripheral blood and those in the skin vesicles. In the cases with basophils in peripheral blood more than 65/cmm, basophil migration at the sites of skin lesions showed clear increase compared with the cases less than 65/cmm. Similar tendency was also found in eosinophils. A negative correlation between serum IgE level and intravesicular appearance rate of basophils was observed. 6) Among the patients with occupational asthma induced by inhalation of timber dust of Chinese quince or Rosewood and by inhalation of Buckwheat, basophils and eosinophils appeared in large numbers at the sites of a positive immediate skin reaction to the special allergen. 7) This study demonstrated that basophils as well as eosinophils can easily migrate from the blood vessels into extravascular tissues at sites of allergic reactions, especially in reaginic hypersensitivity. Both basophils and eosinophils or either cell alone appeared in large numbers at sites of positive immediate reactions if allergens were specific in individual cases. The skin vesicle technique discribed above may be of a great use for detecting allergens and evaluating allergic disease states. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 89 11-12 1977 アレルギー反応局所における好塩基球の動態に関する研究第1編非特異的反応皮膚局所への好塩基球の出現について 1451 1459 EN Kiyoshi Takahashi Vesicles induced by using Unguentum Vesicans at the sites of untreated or reactive skins to allergens of healthy individuals were investigated. Vesicles of patients with bronchial asthma were investigated only at the untreated skins. The numbers of basophilic and eosinophilic leucocyte in the exudate obtained from these vesicles were examined. The results were as follows. 1) The numbers of the total white cells in the exudate were found higher in the vesicular fluid of the patients with bronchial asthma than in that of the healthy individuals. 2) Larger numbers of basophils and eosinophils were found in vesicular fluid of the patients with bronchial asthma than in that of healthy individuals. And, the increase of these cells in numbers were conspicuously observed in the positive immediate-type skin reaction of the healthy individuals. 3) There was no relationship between the numbers of these cells in peripheral blood and in the vesicle. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 96 3-4 1984 気管支喘息に対する温泉療法の臨床効果 ―過去2年間の入院症例を対象に― 405 410 EN Yoshiro Tanizaki Haruki Komagoe Michiyasu Sudo Jitsuo Nakago Hiroshi Morinaga Jun Ohtani Shinya Tada Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura Seventeen inpatients with bronchial asthma, including 15 steroid-dependent intractable asthmatics, received spa therapy (swimmimg tratning in a hot spring pool) for 3 months at Okayama University Medical School, Misasa Branch Hospital. Clinical effects of spa therapy on these patients were evaluated regarding patient age, age at onset of disease and each asthma type classified by clinical symptom. Spa therapy was markedly effective in 5 cases (29.4%), moderately so in 7 cases (41.2%) and slightly so in 4 cases (23.5%). Reduction of the corticosteroid dose was made possible in 12 patients (80%) out of the 15 steroid-dependent asthmatics. Spa therapy was more effective in patients over 41 years old and in patients whose age at onset was 21 years or over. Clinical symptoms were improved more in the asthmatic group with bronchiolar obstruction and with bronchospasm-hypersecretion than in cases showing only bronchospasm. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医学部附属病院三朝分院 Acta Medica Okayama 0913-3771 63 1992 Basophil response to antigen and anti-IgE. 2. Morphological changes in secretory process 128 133 EN Yoshiro Tanizaki Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura 10.18926/15341 Morphological changes of blood basophils activated by antigen and anti-IgE were discussed in relation to release mechanisms of the cells. 1. Basophils activated by antigen and anti-IgE show two different types : A form (pear-shaped) and B from (swollen type), on smear preparartions. 2. Pear-shaped basophils(reactive basophils), which appear after stimulation by antigen and anti-IgE, can be observed by the staining solution for the direct count of basophils and eosinophils. 3. The incidence of reactive basophils increases after addition of antigen. Thus, observation of reactive basophils can be clinically applied for detecting allergen (DCRB ; direct connt of reactive basophils). 4. Observation of morphological basophil response by phase- contrast microscopic motion pictures demonstrates that basophils activated by antigen show two different reponses, increase in motility (oriented movement) and degranulation. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医学部附属病院三朝分院 Acta Medica Okayama 0918-7839 64 1993 Difference in motility of basophilic, granulocytes from atopic subjects following antigen- and Ca inophore A23187-stimulation 43 51 EN Yoshiro Tanizaki Hikaru Kitani Takashi Mifune Fumihiro Mitsunobu Koji Ochi Hideo Harada Saburo Nakagawa Ryo Soda Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura 10.18926/15311 We examined histamine release and morphological changes in basophilic granulocytes from atopic subjects, in response to stimulation with antigen and Ca ionophore A23187. 1. Histamine release and a reduction in the rumber of basophils were more rapid and greater in extent at an early stage of antigen stimulation compared with Ca ionophore A23187 stimulation. 2. Morphological changes in basophils, represented by increased motility, in terms of an increased ratio of short to long axis diameter (L/S ratio), as well as the increased frequency of basophils with localized granules and those with pseudopods, were more often observed antigen stimulation than with Ca ionophore A23187 stimulation. In contrast, morphogical changes in which basophils appeared swollen, showing an increased mean cell diameter and an increased frequency of cells with 5 vacuoles or more were more predominant with Ca ionophore A23187 than with antigen stimulation. The results obtained here show that bridging of IgE receptors is essential to activate basophils and induce increased motility in these cells. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医学部保健学科 Acta Medica Okayama 1345-0948 12 1 2001 老人保健施設における痴呆老人の満足度調査 63 70 EN Kazuko Sumiyoshi Chieko Kawata Hatsue Okano Motoi Okamoto Kiyoshi Takahashi Shuji Mori Hisae Tsujimoto Eiko Sue 10.18926/15244 2つの老人保健施設に入所している痴呆老人について,観察者による彼らの満足度とその時に観察された行動の関係を明らかにすることを目的とする｡調査対象者は,2つの老人保健施設に入所中で,本人または家族より調査への了系の得られた,歩行可能な痴呆老人各14名,合計28名である｡観察者は対象者の行動を48時間観察し,どこで誰と何を行っているかとその時の満足度を調査票に記録した｡満足度は対象者の表情や態度から観察者が判断し,大変満足を⑤とし,どちらとも言えないを③,大変不満足を①とした5段階評定で示した｡その結果以下の3点が明らかとなった｡ 1)両施設で満足度の高い時間帯は,レクリエーションが含まれる"午前中の時間"であった｡ 2)満足度が高いのは,居場所では,"レクリエーションルーム･屋外"であった｡ 3)同行者は,"家族","観察者",行動は,"話をする",手伝いをするなど"自発的な行為"が多くみられた｡以上により,2つの施設で満足度ごとの時間帯,居場所,同行者と行動が似通っていたことから,客観的に痴呆老人の満足度を把握することは可能であると考える｡ No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医学部附属環境病態研究施設, 岡山大学医学部附属病院三朝分院 Acta Medica Okayama 0913-3771 62 1991 好塩基球の運動能とヒスタミン遊離 47 51 EN Yoshiro Tanizaki Hikaru Kitani Morihiro Okazaki Takashi Mifune Fumihiro Mitsunobu Saburo Nakagawa Ryo Soda Shinya Tada Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura 10.18926/14493 各種刺激物質添加時の好塩基球の形態的変化―運動亢進と膨化，脱顆粒―と化学伝達物質遊離との関連を中心に若干の知見をのべた。まず，抗原刺激時には，(1)運動亢進をきたし，洋梨状を示す好塩基球と膨化，脱顆粒を示す好塩基球の2種類が観察されること，(2)アトピー型喘息の好塩基球は健康人と比べて全般的に運動が抑制されていること，(3)運動亢進の状態としては，random movementとoriented movementがあり，抗原に対応した特徴的な運動亢進はoriented movementであること，(4)運動亢進と膨化，脱顆粒は，連続した一連のものではなく，それぞれ独立した過程を持っていること，などが観察されている。また，刺激物質の種類によって，好塩基球の形態的変化や化学伝達物質遊離の状態が異なることについても報告した。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 105 5-6 1993 成人気管支喘息の臨床病態の特徴―臨床分類と関連して 569 574 EN Yoshiro Tanizaki Hikaru Kitani Morihiro Okazaki Takashi Mifune Fumihiro Mitsunobu Keisuke Sugimoto Satoshi Yokota Junichi Hiramatsu Ryo Soda Shinya Tada Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura Two asthma calssification systems associated with the pathophysiology of the airways were evaluated in 30 adult patients with bronchial asthma. The systems were classification by clinical symptoms (clinical diagnosis) and classification by a score calculated from clinical findings and examinations (score diagnosis). Thirty subjects were classified into 15 patients with Ia. simple bronchoconstriction type, 6 with Ib. bronchoconstriction+hypersecretion type and 9 with II. bronchiolar obstruction type by clinical diagnosis. Fifteen subjects with type Ia comprised 10 patients with expectoration of 0-49 ml/day and 5 of 50-99 ml/day. The patients with expectoration of 50-99 ml/day were classified as type Ib by score diagnosis. The value of FEV1.0% was significantly lower in patients with type II than in those with type Ia. The value of % V25 was significantly lower in patients with type II asthma compared with type Ia and type Ib subjects. No significant difference was observed in the values of % FEV1.0% and % V25 between patients classified by clinical diagnosis and score diagnosis. The proportion of neutrophils in BAL fluid was significantly higher in patients with type II compared to those with types Ia ad Ib by both classification systems. The proportion of eosinophils in BAL fluid was significantly higher in types Ia-2 and Ib by clinical diagnosis and in type Ib by score diagnosis than those classified as type Ia-1 by both systems. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 113 1 2001 樹状細胞 117 118 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医学部附属環境病態研究施設, 岡山大学医学部附属病院三朝分院 Acta Medica Okayama 0913-3771 61 1990 気管支喘息の発症病態における好酸球の臨床的意義 89 97 EN Yoshiro Tanizaki Michiyasu Sudo Hikaru Kitani Kazuhisa Kawauchi Takashi Mifune Shinya Tada Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura 10.18926/11691 末梢血好酸球が気管支喘息の発症病態にどのように関与しているかについて，1．末梢血好酸球の変動，2．好酸球の局所出現，3，好酸球とアレルギー反応，4．アレルギー反応と好酸球の機能，5．好酸球と喘息の臨床病態の各項目で検討した。その結果，気管支喘息では，全般的に末梢血好酸球増多がみられ，同時にアレルギー反応局所への遊走が観察されること，末梢気道では，ある程度肺胞マクロファージの出現と逆相関にあること，リンパ球との関連もある程度認められることなどが示された。そして，局所出現した好酸球は，IgE抗体の関与の程度により，その機能が異なる可能性が示唆された。また臨床病型別の検討では，アトピー型ではいずれの臨床山型においても好酸球の出現率は明かな増加傾向を示したが，非アトピー型では，Ib．気管支攣縮＋過分二型においてのみ好酸球増多が著明であった。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医学部附属環境病態研究施設, 岡山大学医学部附属病院三朝分院 Acta Medica Okayama 0913-3771 61 1990 気管支肺胞洗浄液（BALF）中に高度の好中球増多の見られたアトピー型喘息の一例 129 133 EN Kazuhisa Kawauchi Takashi Mifune Hikaru Kitani Michiyasu Sudo Yoshirou Tanizaki Hisakazu Kataoka Shinya Tada Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura 10.18926/11670 気管支肺胞洗浄液（BALF）中に高度の好中球の増多が見られ，治療により臨床症状の軽快と共にBALF中の好中球の減少を認めたアトピー型喘息の一例を経験した。経過中5回施行したBALF中の好中球百分率はそれぞれ65.4％，56.2％，42.4％，5.6％，5.6％であり，4回目，5回目では著明な好中球減少を認めた。本症例の如き症例は今後増加することが予想され，その発症病態を含め今後さらに症例を重ねて検討して行く必要があると考えられた。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医学部附属環境病態研究施設, 岡山大学医学部附属病院三朝分院 Acta Medica Okayama 0913-3771 61 1990 慢性呼吸器疾患の温泉療法 7 15 EN Yoshiro Tanizaki Michiyasu Sudo Hikaru Kitani Kazuhisa Kawauchi Takashi Mifune Shinya Tada Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura 10.18926/11625 1989年1月より12月までの1年間に当院へ入院した慢性呼吸器疾患患者85例（延べ90例）を対象に，その背景因子，臨床的特徴，および温泉療法の臨床効果について検討を加えた。(1)対象85例のうちわけは，気管支喘息65例，肺気腫4例，肺結核症4例，アレルギー性肉芽腫性血管炎3例，閉塞性細気管支炎3例，気管支拡張症2例，慢性気管支炎2例，過敏性肺臓炎2例であり，昨年度と異なり肺結核がやや多かったことが特徴的であった。(2)これら85症例のうち，温泉療法を受けた症例は63例(74.1％)であった。(3)温泉療法を受けた症例の地域分布では，鳥取県からの入院症例51例では32例(62.7％)であり，同様に岡山県からの入院症例20例では19例(95.0％)，その他の県からの入院症例14例で12例(85.7％)であった。4．温泉療法の臨床効果は，気管支喘息では51例中著効14例，有効27例，やや有効8例，無効2例であり，明らかな有効例は41例（80.3％)であった。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学医学部附属環境病態研究施設, 岡山大学医学部附属病院三朝分院 Acta Medica Okayama 0913-3771 61 1990 Basophil reactivity to anti-IgE and calcium ionophore A23187 in patients with bronchial asthma 16 22 EN Yoshiro Tanizaki Michiyasu Sudo Hikaru Kitani Kazuhisa Kawauchi Takashi Mifune Hiroyuki Okuda Haruki Komagoe Shinya Tada Kiyoshi Takahashi Ikuro Kimura 10.18926/11579 The release of histamine from basophils induced by anti-lgE and calcium ionophore A 23187 ( Cal) was examined in 27 patients with bronchial asthma and 7 healthy subjects, using a whole blood method. (1)The release of histamine induced by anti-IgE and CaI was significantly higher in atopic asthmatics than in non-atopic cases. (2) The histamine release with anti-lgE and CaI was significantly lower in cases with long-term steroid therapy compared to the release in cases without steroid therapy. (3) The release with anti-lgE and CaI was increased in cases with age of 0-39 years and in cases wpth age at onset of 0-39 years. (4) Anti-IgE induced release correlated to a certain extent with the release induced by CaI. These results show that basophil reactivity as expressed by histamine release changes under different conditions. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.