WileyActa Medica Okayama1328-80676252020Laboratory changes during adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy associated with renal calcified lesions587592ENHiroyukiMiyaharaDepartment of Pediatrics, Okayama University HospitalTomoyukiAkiyamaDepartment of Child Neurology, Okayama University HospitalKoseiHasegawaDepartment of Pediatrics, Okayama University HospitalMariAkiyamaDepartment of Child Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of MedicineMakioOkaDepartment of Child Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of MedicineKatsuhiroKobayashiDepartment of Child Neurology, Okayama University HospitalHirokazuTsukaharaDepartment of Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of MedicineBackground</br>
Renal calcified lesions are known as one of the complications during adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) therapy for intractable epilepsy. However, laboratory changes during the therapy or laboratory features of high]risk cases with renal calcified lesions are yet to be clarified.</br>
Methods</br>
In this study, 43 patients with West syndrome aged ≤2 years were included. We retrospectively reviewed age and body mass index at the beginning of ACTH therapy, as well as the amount of fluid intake, daily urinary volume, and laboratory data during therapy. In addition, we studied the urinary sediment of the cases with renal calcified lesions diagnosed by computed tomography.
Results
After initiating ACTH treatment, urinary calcium (Ca)/creatinine ratio and urinary pH increased within 2 weeks. Urinary crystals and renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) in urinary sediment were frequently found in most cases. Urinary Ca levels, proteinuria or frequency of urinary crystals, and number of RTECs in the urinary sediment were significantly higher in patients with epithelial casts (ECs) or hematuria than in patients without these findings. Among the seven patients who underwent abdominal CT, ECs or hematuria were found only in those with renal calcified lesions. These findings suggested that patients with ECs or hematuria were more likely to have calcified lesions.</br>
Conclusions</br>
The risk of renal calcified lesions increased after 2 weeks of ACTH treatment. Abnormal findings in urinary sediments might be an early sign of renal calcification during ACTH therapy.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7132017Significance of High-frequency Electrical Brain Activity191200ENKatsuhiroKobayashiDepartment of Child Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTomoyukiAkiyamaDepartment of Child Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTakashiAgariDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTatsuyaSasakiDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTakashiShibataDepartment of Child Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYoshiyukiHanaokaDepartment of Child Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMariAkiyamaEpilepsy Center, Okayama University HospitalFumikaEndohDepartment of Child Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMakioOkaEpilepsy Center, Okayama University HospitalIsaoDateDepartment of Child Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesReview10.18926/AMO/55201@Electroencephalogram (EEG) data include broadband electrical brain activity ranging from infra-slow bands (< 0.1 Hz) to traditional frequency bands (e.g., the approx. 10 Hz alpha rhythm) to high-frequency bands of up to 500 Hz. High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) including ripple and fast ripple oscillations (80-200 Hz and>200 / 250 Hz, respectively) are particularly of note due to their very close relationship to epileptogenicity, with the possibility that they could function as a surrogate biomarker of epileptogenicity. In contrast, physiological high-frequency activity plays an important role in higher brain functions, and the differentiation between pathological / epileptic and physiological HFOs is a critical issue, especially in epilepsy surgery. HFOs were initially recorded with intracranial electrodes in patients with intractable epilepsy as part of a long-term invasive seizure monitoring study. However, fast oscillations (FOs) in the ripple and gamma bands (40-80 Hz) are now noninvasively detected by scalp EEG and magnetoencephalography, and thus the scope of studies on HFOs /FOs is rapidly expanding.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X6752013Inhibitory Function and Working Memory in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Pervasive Developmental Disorders:Does a Continuous Cognitive Gradient Explain ADHD and PDD Traits?293303ENAkihitoTakeuchiTatsuyaOginoKaoruHanafusaTerukoMorookaMakioOkaTakashiYorifujiYokoOhtsukaOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/51865To clarify the relationship between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) and pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), we investigated the common features and differences of these disorders in neuropsychological profiles. The subjects were 4 groups of Japanese boys aged 6 to 15 years, categorized by diagnosis:AD/HD (n20), PDD with comorbid AD/HD (PDD{:n16), PDD without comorbid AD/HD (PDD|:n8), and typically developing (n60). We evaluated executive function (EF) through verbal and visuospatial memory tasks, the Go/NoGo task, and the color-word matching Stroop task. We performed a categorical analysis to estimate the effects of the 3 disorders on EF and a dimensional analysis to estimate the effects of symptom scales on EF. We found that the AD/HD and PDD{ subjects had negative effects on verbal working memory and intra-individual response variability. The severity of these impairments was positively correlated with the inattentiveness score. The subjects with a PDD{ or PDD| diagnosis had poorer scores on interference control;the severity of this impairment was correlated with the PDD symptom score. Impairments in visuospatial working memory were detected in the AD/HD and PDD| groups but not in the PDD{ group. Impairments in inhibition of the pre-potent response were noted in all 3 categories. AD/HD and PDD share neuropsychological features, though each disorder has a specific impairment pattern. Our findings partially support the idea that AD/HD and PDD are on a spectrum.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X6652012Relationships between the Color-Word Matching Stroop Task and the Go/NoGo Task:Toward Multifaceted Assessment of Attention and Inhibition Abilities of Children377386ENTerukoMorookaTatsuyaOginoAkihitoTakeuchiKaoruHanafusaMakioOkaYokoOhtsukaOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/49385Both selective attention and response inhibition can be assessed through the Stroop task and the Go/NoGo task (Go/NoGo). The color-word matching Stroop task (cwmStroop) differs from the traditional Stroop task in ways that make it easy to administer, and it enables the examiners to analyze reaction time. It is expected that the cwmStroop and Go/NoGo tasks will be useful as clinical assessments for children with developmental disorders and in combination with functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. The objectives of this study were to elucidate the pattern of developmental change in cwmStroop
scores and Go/NoGo scores and to determine whether and how cwmStroop scores are related to Go/NoGo scores. The subjects consisted of 108 healthy Japanese children aged 6-14 years. We found that cwmStroop and Go/NoGo scores displayed clear developmental changes between 6 and 14 years of age. The childrenʼs scores on the 2 tasks followed different developmental courses, however, and the correlation between scores on the two tasks was weak on the whole. These results indicate that the cwmStroop and Go/NoGo tasks tap different aspects of selective attention and response inhibition.
Therefore it is expected that the combination of both tests will be useful in the multifaceted assessment of selective attention and response inhibition in childhood.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Acta Medica Okayama2003A Study of Spike-Density on EEG in West SyndromeENMakioOkaNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.