start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=15 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=5536 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240716 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Controlling 229Th isomeric state population in a VUV transparent crystal en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The radioisotope thorium-229 (Th-229) is renowned for its extraordinarily low-energy, long-lived nuclear first-excited state. This isomeric state can be excited by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lasers and Th-229 has been proposed as a reference transition for ultra-precise nuclear clocks. To assess the feasibility and performance of the nuclear clock concept, time-controlled excitation and depopulation of the Th-229 isomer are imperative. Here we report the population of the Th-229 isomeric state through resonant X-ray pumping and detection of the radiative decay in a VUV transparent Th-229-doped CaF2 crystal. The decay half-life is measured to 447(25) s, with a transition wavelength of 148.18(42) nm and a radiative decay fraction consistent with unity. Furthermore, we report a new "X-ray quenching" effect which allows to de-populate the isomer on demand and effectively reduce the half-life. Such controlled quenching can be used to significantly speed up the interrogation cycle in future nuclear clock schemes. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HirakiTakahiro en-aut-sei=Hiraki en-aut-mei=Takahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkaiKoichi en-aut-sei=Okai en-aut-mei=Koichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=BartokosMichael en-aut-sei=Bartokos en-aut-mei=Michael kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=BeeksKjeld en-aut-sei=Beeks en-aut-mei=Kjeld kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujimotoHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Fujimoto en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukunagaYuta en-aut-sei=Fukunaga en-aut-mei=Yuta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=HabaHiromitsu en-aut-sei=Haba en-aut-mei=Hiromitsu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KasamatsuYoshitaka en-aut-sei=Kasamatsu en-aut-mei=Yoshitaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitaoShinji en-aut-sei=Kitao en-aut-mei=Shinji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=LeitnerAdrian en-aut-sei=Leitner en-aut-mei=Adrian kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=MasudaTakahiko en-aut-sei=Masuda en-aut-mei=Takahiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=GuanMing en-aut-sei=Guan en-aut-mei=Ming kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=NagasawaNobumoto en-aut-sei=Nagasawa en-aut-mei=Nobumoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=OgakeRyoichiro en-aut-sei=Ogake en-aut-mei=Ryoichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=PimonMartin en-aut-sei=Pimon en-aut-mei=Martin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=PresslerMartin en-aut-sei=Pressler en-aut-mei=Martin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= en-aut-name=SasaoNoboru en-aut-sei=Sasao en-aut-mei=Noboru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=17 ORCID= en-aut-name=SchadenFabian en-aut-sei=Schaden en-aut-mei=Fabian kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=18 ORCID= en-aut-name=SchummThorsten en-aut-sei=Schumm en-aut-mei=Thorsten kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=19 ORCID= en-aut-name=SetoMakoto en-aut-sei=Seto en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=20 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShigekawaYudai en-aut-sei=Shigekawa en-aut-mei=Yudai kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=21 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimizuKotaro en-aut-sei=Shimizu en-aut-mei=Kotaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=22 ORCID= en-aut-name=SikorskyTomas en-aut-sei=Sikorsky en-aut-mei=Tomas kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=23 ORCID= en-aut-name=TamasakuKenji en-aut-sei=Tamasaku en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=24 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakatoriSayuri en-aut-sei=Takatori en-aut-mei=Sayuri kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=25 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeTsukasa en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Tsukasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=26 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamaguchiAtsushi en-aut-sei=Yamaguchi en-aut-mei=Atsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=27 ORCID= en-aut-name=YodaYoshitaka en-aut-sei=Yoda en-aut-mei=Yoshitaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=28 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshimiAkihiro en-aut-sei=Yoshimi en-aut-mei=Akihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=29 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshimuraKoji en-aut-sei=Yoshimura en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=30 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute for Atomic and Subatomic Physics, TU Wien kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute for Atomic and Subatomic Physics, TU Wien kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=RIKEN kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Graduate School of Science, Osaka University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Institute for Atomic and Subatomic Physics, TU Wien kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Institute for Atomic and Subatomic Physics, TU Wien kn-affil= affil-num=16 en-affil=Institute for Atomic and Subatomic Physics, TU Wien kn-affil= affil-num=17 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=18 en-affil=Institute for Atomic and Subatomic Physics, TU Wien kn-affil= affil-num=19 en-affil=Institute for Atomic and Subatomic Physics, TU Wien kn-affil= affil-num=20 en-affil=Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=21 en-affil=RIKEN kn-affil= affil-num=22 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=23 en-affil=Institute for Atomic and Subatomic Physics, TU Wien kn-affil= affil-num=24 en-affil=RIKEN SPring-8 Center kn-affil= affil-num=25 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=26 en-affil=National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) kn-affil= affil-num=27 en-affil=RIKEN kn-affil= affil-num=28 en-affil=Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute kn-affil= affil-num=29 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=30 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=31 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=1943 end-page=1957 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230116 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=High-sensitivity low-noise photodetector using a large-area silicon photomultiplier en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The application of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) technology for weak-light detection at a single photon level has expanded thanks to its better photon detection efficiency in comparison to a conventional photomultiplier tube (PMT). SiPMs with large detection area have recently become commercially available, enabling applications where the photon flux is low both temporarily and spatially. On the other hand, several drawbacks exist in the usage of SiPMs such as a higher dark count rate, many readout channels, slow response time, and optical crosstalk; therefore, users need to carefully consider the trade-offs. This work presents a SiPM-embedded compact large-area photon detection module. Various techniques are adopted to overcome the disadvantages of SiPMs so that it can be generally utilized as an upgrade from a PMT. A simple cooling component and recently developed optical crosstalk suppression method are adopted to reduce the noise which is more serious for larger-area SiPMs. A dedicated readout circuit increases the response frequency and reduces the number of readout channels. We favorably compare this design with a conventional PMT and obtain both higher photon detection efficiency and larger-area acceptance. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MasudaTakahiko en-aut-sei=Masuda en-aut-mei=Takahiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiramotoAyami en-aut-sei=Hiramoto en-aut-mei=Ayami kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=AngDaniel G. en-aut-sei=Ang en-aut-mei=Daniel G. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MeisenhelderCole en-aut-sei=Meisenhelder en-aut-mei=Cole kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=PandaCristian D. en-aut-sei=Panda en-aut-mei=Cristian D. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SasaoNoboru en-aut-sei=Sasao en-aut-mei=Noboru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=UetakeSatoshi en-aut-sei=Uetake en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=WuXing en-aut-sei=Wu en-aut-mei=Xing kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=DeMilleDavid P. en-aut-sei=DeMille en-aut-mei=David P. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=DoyleJohn M. en-aut-sei=Doyle en-aut-mei=John M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=GabrielseGerald en-aut-sei=Gabrielse en-aut-mei=Gerald kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshimuraKoji en-aut-sei=Yoshimura en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Physics, Harvard University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Physics, Harvard University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Physics, University of California kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=2Department of Physics, Harvard University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Center for Fundamental Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=28 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=111 end-page=119 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=202101 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Absolute X-ray energy measurement using a high-accuracy angle encoder en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper presents an absolute X-ray photon energy measurement method that uses a Bond diffractometer. The proposed system enables the prompt and rapid in situ measurement of photon energies over a wide energy range. The diffractometer uses a reference silicon single-crystal plate and a highly accurate angle encoder called SelfA. The performance of the system is evaluated by repeatedly measuring the energy of the first excited state of the potassium-40 nuclide. The excitation energy is determined as 29829.39?(6)?eV, and this is one order of magnitude more accurate than the previous measurement. The estimated uncertainty of the photon energy measurement was 0.7?p.p.m. as a standard deviation and the maximum observed deviation was 2?p.p.m. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MasudaTakahiko en-aut-sei=Masuda en-aut-mei=Takahiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeTsukasa en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Tsukasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=BeeksKjeld en-aut-sei=Beeks en-aut-mei=Kjeld kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujimotoHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Fujimoto en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirakiTakahiro en-aut-sei=Hiraki en-aut-mei=Takahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KainoHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Kaino en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitaoShinji en-aut-sei=Kitao en-aut-mei=Shinji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyamotoYuki en-aut-sei=Miyamoto en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkaiKoichi en-aut-sei=Okai en-aut-mei=Koichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=SasaoNoboru en-aut-sei=Sasao en-aut-mei=Noboru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=SetoMakoto en-aut-sei=Seto en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=SchummThorsten en-aut-sei=Schumm en-aut-mei=Thorsten kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShigekawaYudai en-aut-sei=Shigekawa en-aut-mei=Yudai kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=TamasakuKenji en-aut-sei=Tamasaku en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=UetakeSatoshi en-aut-sei=Uetake en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamaguchiAtsushi en-aut-sei=Yamaguchi en-aut-mei=Atsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= en-aut-name=YodaYoshitaka en-aut-sei=Yoda en-aut-mei=Yoshitaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=17 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshimiAkihiro en-aut-sei=Yoshimi en-aut-mei=Akihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=18 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshimuraKoji en-aut-sei=Yoshimura en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=19 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute for Atomic and Subatomic Physics ? Atominstitut kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Institute for Atomic and Subatomic Physics ? Atominstitut kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=RIKEN kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=RIKEN, SPring-8 Center kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=16 en-affil=RIKEN kn-affil= affil-num=17 en-affil=Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute kn-affil= affil-num=18 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=19 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=X-ray diffraction kn-keyword=X-ray diffraction en-keyword=energy calibration kn-keyword=energy calibration en-keyword=lattice constants kn-keyword=lattice constants en-keyword=rotary encoders kn-keyword=rotary encoders en-keyword=nuclear resonant scattering kn-keyword=nuclear resonant scattering END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=913 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=72 end-page=77 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190101 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Energy response of X-rays under high flux conditions using a thin APD for the energy range of 6?33 keV en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= This paper reports on the demonstration of a high-rate energy measurement technique using a thin depletion layer silicon avalanche photodiode (Si-APD). A dedicated amplitude-to-time converter is developed to realize simultaneous energy and timing measurement in a high rate condition. The energy response of the system is systematically studied by using monochromatic X-ray beam with an incident energy ranging from 6 to 33 keV. The obtained energy spectra contain clear peaks and tail distributions. The peak fraction monotonously decreases as the incident photon energy increases. This phenomenon can be explained by considering the distribution of the energy deposit in silicon, which is investigated by using a Monte Carlo simulation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MasudaT. en-aut-sei=Masuda en-aut-mei=T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirakiT. en-aut-sei=Hiraki en-aut-mei=T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KainoH. en-aut-sei=Kaino en-aut-mei=H. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KishimotoS. en-aut-sei=Kishimoto en-aut-mei=S. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyamotoY. en-aut-sei=Miyamoto en-aut-mei=Y. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkaiK. en-aut-sei=Okai en-aut-mei=K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkuboS. en-aut-sei=Okubo en-aut-mei=S. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=OzakiR. en-aut-sei=Ozaki en-aut-mei=R. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SasaoN. en-aut-sei=Sasao en-aut-mei=N. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiK. en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=UetakeS. en-aut-sei=Uetake en-aut-mei=S. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshimiA. en-aut-sei=Yoshimi en-aut-mei=A. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshimuraK. en-aut-sei=Yoshimura en-aut-mei=K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=High Energy Accelerator Research Organization kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Avalanche photodiode kn-keyword=Avalanche photodiode en-keyword=X-ray kn-keyword=X-ray END