Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 2589-9864 31 2025 Investigation of the relationship between 0.5–1200 Hz signal characteristics of cortical high-frequency oscillations and epileptogenicity through multivariate analysis 100776 EN Takashi Shibata Department of Pediatric Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital Hiroki Tsuchiya Department of Pediatric Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital Mari Akiyama Department of Pediatric Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital Tomoyuki Akiyama Department of Pediatric Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital Masao Matsuhashi Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Katsuhiro Kobayashi Department of Pediatric Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital Fast ripples (FRs) (250–500 Hz) on the electroencephalogram (EEG) are closely related to epileptogenicity and are important to determine cortical regions resected in epilepsy surgery. However, FR-related epileptogenicity may be variable, and may depend on information associated with FRs. We enrolled nine epilepsy patients who had undergone intracranial 5 kHz-sampling-rate EEG for surgical treatment and had final Engel class I outcomes. Three electrodes were selected from each epileptogenic area (EA) and the unlikely EA (the region outside the EA) in each patient. Up to 100 candidate FRs were automatically detected from interictal nocturnal EEG at each of the selected electrodes and were visually reviewed independently by two researchers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed using the frequency and log-power value of the corresponding FRs, presence of concurrent spike, ripple, very-high-frequency oscillations (vHFO)1 (500–600 Hz), and vHFO2 (600–1200 Hz), and whether the timing of the spectral peak of corresponding FRs was in the peak–trough or trough–peak transition of each slow activity (0.5–1, 1–2, 2–3, 3–4, and 4–8 Hz) as independent variables. Factors significantly related to epileptogenicity were FR power, the concurrent presence of spike and vHFO2, coupling with 0.5–1 and 1–2 Hz slow waves in the peak–trough transition, and coupling with 3–4 and 4–8 Hz slow waves in the trough–peak transition. Multifactorial analysis of FRs may increase their usefulness, potentially leading to improved treatment outcomes in epilepsy surgery. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 0387-7604 46 4 2024 Exploration of urine metabolic biomarkers for new-onset, untreated pediatric epilepsy: A gas and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based metabolomics study 180 186 EN Tomoyuki Akiyama Department of Pediatrics (Child Neurology), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Daisuke Saigusa Laboratory of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University Takushi Inoue Department of Pediatric Neurology, NHO Okayama Medical Center Chiho Tokorodani Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Health Sciences Center Mari Akiyama Department of Pediatrics (Child Neurology), Okayama University Hospital Rie Michiue Department of Pediatrics (Child Neurology), Okayama University Hospital Atsushi Mori Department of Neurology, Shiga Medical Center for Children Eiji Hishinuma Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University Naomi Matsukawa Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University Takashi Shibata Department of Pediatrics (Child Neurology), Okayama University Hospital Hiroki Tsuchiya Department of Pediatrics (Child Neurology), Okayama University Hospital Katsuhiro Kobayashi Department of Pediatrics (Child Neurology), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Objective: The discovery of objective indicators for recent epileptic seizures will help confirm the diagnosis of epilepsy and evaluate therapeutic effects. Past studies had shortcomings such as the inclusion of patients under treatment and those with various etiologies that could confound the analysis results significantly. We aimed to minimize such confounding effects and to explore the small molecule biomarkers associated with the recent occurrence of epileptic seizures using urine metabolomics.<br> Methods: This is a multicenter prospective study. Subjects included pediatric patients aged 2 to 12 years old with new-onset, untreated epilepsy, who had had the last seizure within 1 month before urine collection. Controls included healthy children aged 2 to 12 years old. Those with underlying or chronic diseases, acute illnesses, or recent administration of medications or supplements were excluded. Targeted metabolome analysis of spot urine samples was conducted using gas chromatography (GC)- and liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS).<br> Results: We enrolled 17 patients and 21 controls. Among 172 metabolites measured by GC/MS/MS and 41 metabolites measured by LC/MS/MS, only taurine was consistently reduced in the epilepsy group. This finding was subsequently confirmed by the absolute quantification of amino acids. No other metabolites were consistently altered between the two groups.<br> Conclusions: Urine metabolome analysis, which covers a larger number of metabolites than conventional biochemistry analyses, found no consistently altered small molecule metabolites except for reduced taurine in epilepsy patients compared to healthy controls. Further studies with larger samples, subjects with different ages, expanded target metabolites, and the investigation of plasma samples are required. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 136 1 2024 進行性ミオクローヌスてんかんについて 22 25 EN Katsuhiro Kobayashi Department of Pediatrics (Child Neurology), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 135 3 2023 小児神経学と小児期発症難病 116 122 EN Katsuhiro Kobayashi Department of Pediatrics (Child Neurology), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 77 5 2023 Effective Epilepsy Surgery for Post-Traumatic West Syndrome Following Abusive Head Trauma 561 566 EN Hiroki Tsuchiya Department of Pediatrics (Child Neurology), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital Takashi Shibata Department of Pediatrics (Child Neurology), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital Tatsuya Sasaki Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital Takushi Inoue Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center Isao Date Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital Tomoyuki Akiyama Department of Pediatrics (Child Neurology), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital Katsuhiro Kobayashi Department of Pediatrics (Child Neurology), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital Case Report 10.18926/AMO/65980 West syndrome, an infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with a deleterious impact on long-term development, requires early treatment to minimize developmental abnormality; in such cases, epilepsy surgery should be considered a powerful therapeutic option. We describe a 10-month-old female admitted with West syndrome associated with a hemispheric lesion following abusive head trauma. Her seizures were suppressed by hemispherotomy at 12 months of age, leading to developmental improvement. Surgical treatment of West syndrome following traumatic brain injury has not been reported previously but is worth considering as a treatment option, depending on patient age and brain plasticity. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 135 2 2023 第65回日本小児神経学会学術集会の開催報告 98 99 EN Katsuhiro Kobayashi Department of Pediatrics (Child Neurology), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier BV Acta Medica Okayama 1059-1311 107 2023 Comprehensive study of metabolic changes induced by a ketogenic diet therapy using GC/MS- and LC/MS-based metabolomics 52 59 EN Mari Akiyama Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Hospital Tomoyuki Akiyama Department of Paediatrics (Child Neurology), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Daisuke Saigusa Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University Eiji Hishinuma Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University Naomi Matsukawa Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University Takashi Shibata Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Hospital Hiroki Tsuchiya Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Hospital Atsushi Mori Department of Neurology, Shiga Medical Centre for Children Yuji Fujii Department of Paediatrics, Hiroshima City Funairi Citizens Hospital Yukiko Mogami Department of Paediatric Neurology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital Chiho Tokorodani Department of Paediatrics, Kochi Health Sciences Centre Kozue Kuwahara Department of Paediatrics, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Yurika Numata-Uematsu Department of Paediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine Kenji Inoue Department of Neurology, Shiga Medical Centre for Children Katsuhiro Kobayashi Department of Paediatrics (Child Neurology), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Objective: The ketogenic diet (KD), a high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet, is effective for a subset of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, although the mechanisms of the KD have not been fully elucidated. The aims of this observational study were to investigate comprehensive short-term metabolic changes induced by the KD and to explore candidate metabolites or pathways for potential new therapeutic targets.<br> Methods: Subjects included patients with intractable epilepsy who had undergone the KD therapy (the medium-chain triglyceride [MCT] KD or the modified Atkins diet using MCT oil). Plasma and urine samples were obtained before and at 2–4 weeks after initiation of the KD. Targeted metabolome analyses of these samples were performed using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS).<br> Results: Samples from 10 and 11 patients were analysed using GC/MS/MS and LC/MS/MS, respectively. The KD increased ketone bodies, various fatty acids, lipids, and their conjugates. In addition, levels of metabolites located upstream of acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA, including catabolites of branched-chain amino acids and structural analogues of γ-aminobutyric acid and lactic acid, were elevated.<br> Conclusions: The metabolites that were significantly changed after the initiation of the KD and related metabolites may be candidates for further studies for neuronal actions to develop new anti-seizure medications. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Frontiers Media SA Acta Medica Okayama 1662-5161 15 2021 Exclusion of the Possibility of "False Ripples" From Ripple Band High-Frequency Oscillations Recorded From Scalp Electroencephalogram in Children With Epilepsy 696882 EN Katsuhiro Kobayashi Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital Takashi Shibata Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital Hiroki Tsuchiya Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital Tomoyuki Akiyama Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital Aim Ripple-band epileptic high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) can be recorded by scalp electroencephalography (EEG), and tend to be associated with epileptic spikes. However, there is a concern that the filtration of steep waveforms such as spikes may cause spurious oscillations or "false ripples." We excluded such possibility from at least some ripples by EEG differentiation, which, in theory, enhances high-frequency signals and does not generate spurious oscillations or ringing. Methods The subjects were 50 pediatric patients, and ten consecutive spikes during sleep were selected for each patient. Five hundred spike data segments were initially reviewed by two experienced electroencephalographers using consensus to identify the presence or absence of ripples in the ordinary filtered EEG and an associated spectral blob in time-frequency analysis (Session A). These EEG data were subjected to numerical differentiation (the second derivative was denoted as EEG ''). The EEG '' trace of each spike data segment was shown to two other electroencephalographers who judged independently whether there were clear ripple oscillations or uncertain ripple oscillations or an absence of oscillations (Session B). Results In Session A, ripples were identified in 57 spike data segments (Group A-R), but not in the other 443 data segments (Group A-N). In Session B, both reviewers identified clear ripples (strict criterion) in 11 spike data segments, all of which were in Group A-R (p < 0.0001 by Fisher's exact test). When the extended criterion that included clear and/or uncertain ripples was used in Session B, both reviewers identified 25 spike data segments that fulfilled the criterion: 24 of these were in Group A-R (p < 0.0001). Discussion We have demonstrated that real ripples over scalp spikes exist in a certain proportion of patients. Ripples that were visualized consistently using both ordinary filters and the EEG '' method should be true, but failure to clarify ripples using the EEG '' method does not mean that true ripples are absent. Conclusion The numerical differentiation of EEG data provides convincing evidence that HFOs were detected in terms of the presence of such unusually fast oscillations over the scalp and the importance of this electrophysiological phenomenon. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Elsevier Acta Medica Okayama 0887-8994 113 2020 Pyridoxal in the Cerebrospinal Fluid May Be a Better Indicator of Vitamin B6–dependent Epilepsy Than Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate 33 41 EN Tomoyuki Akiyama Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Hospital Yuki Hyodo Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Hospital Kosei Hasegawa Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Taikan Oboshi Department of Pediatric Neurology, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital Katsumi Imai Department of Pediatrics, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders Naoko Ishihara Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine Yuri Dowa Department of Neurology, Gunma Children’s Medical Center Takayoshi Koike Department of Pediatrics, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders Toshiyuki Yamamoto Institute of Clinical Genomics, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Jun Shibasaki Department of Neonatology, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center Hiroko Shimbo Clinical Institute, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center Tetsuhiro Fukuyama Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University Kyoko Takano Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital Hiroshi Shiraku Department of Pediatrics, JA Toride Medical Center Saoko Takeshita Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Medical Center Tohru Okanishi Department of Child Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital Shimpei Baba Department of Child Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital Masaya Kubota Division of Neurology, National Center for Child Health and Development Shin-ichiro Hamano Division of Neurology, Saitama Children’s Medical Center Katsuhiro Kobayashi Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Hospital Background</br> We aimed to demonstrate the biochemical characteristics of vitamin B6–dependent epilepsy, with a particular focus on pyridoxal 5′-phosphate and pyridoxal in the cerebrospinal fluid.</br> Methods</br> Using our laboratory database, we identified patients with vitamin B6–dependent epilepsy and extracted their data on the concentrations of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, pyridoxal, pipecolic acid, α-aminoadipic semialdehyde, and monoamine neurotransmitters. We compared the biochemical characteristics of these patients with those of other epilepsy patients with low pyridoxal 5′-phosphate concentrations.</br> Results</br> We identified seven patients with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy caused by an ALDH7A1 gene abnormality, two patients with pyridoxal 5′-phosphate homeostasis protein deficiency, and 28 patients with other epilepsies with low cerebrospinal fluid pyridoxal 5′-phosphate concentrations. Cerebrospinal fluid pyridoxal and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate concentrations were low in patients with vitamin B6–dependent epilepsy but cerebrospinal fluid pyridoxal concentrations were not reduced in most patients with other epilepsies with low cerebrospinal fluid pyridoxal 5′-phosphate concentrations. Increase in 3-O-methyldopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan was demonstrated in some patients with vitamin B6–dependent epilepsy, suggestive of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate deficiency in the brain.</br> Conclusions</br> Low cerebrospinal fluid pyridoxal concentrations may be a better indicator of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate deficiency in the brain in vitamin B6–dependent epilepsy than low cerebrospinal fluid pyridoxal 5′-phosphate concentrations. This finding is especially helpful in individuals with suspected pyridoxal 5′-phosphate homeostasis protein deficiency, which does not have known biomarkers. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 1328-8067 62 5 2020 Laboratory changes during adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy associated with renal calcified lesions 587 592 EN Hiroyuki Miyahara Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Tomoyuki Akiyama Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Hospital Kosei Hasegawa Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital Mari Akiyama Department of Child Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Makio Oka Department of Child Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Katsuhiro Kobayashi Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Hospital Hirokazu Tsukahara Department of Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Background</br> Renal calcified lesions are known as one of the complications during adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) therapy for intractable epilepsy. However, laboratory changes during the therapy or laboratory features of high‐risk cases with renal calcified lesions are yet to be clarified.</br> Methods</br> In this study, 43 patients with West syndrome aged ≤2 years were included. We retrospectively reviewed age and body mass index at the beginning of ACTH therapy, as well as the amount of fluid intake, daily urinary volume, and laboratory data during therapy. In addition, we studied the urinary sediment of the cases with renal calcified lesions diagnosed by computed tomography. Results After initiating ACTH treatment, urinary calcium (Ca)/creatinine ratio and urinary pH increased within 2 weeks. Urinary crystals and renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) in urinary sediment were frequently found in most cases. Urinary Ca levels, proteinuria or frequency of urinary crystals, and number of RTECs in the urinary sediment were significantly higher in patients with epithelial casts (ECs) or hematuria than in patients without these findings. Among the seven patients who underwent abdominal CT, ECs or hematuria were found only in those with renal calcified lesions. These findings suggested that patients with ECs or hematuria were more likely to have calcified lesions.</br> Conclusions</br> The risk of renal calcified lesions increased after 2 weeks of ACTH treatment. Abnormal findings in urinary sediments might be an early sign of renal calcification during ACTH therapy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 74 1 2020 Metabolic Profiling of the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Pediatric Epilepsy 65 72 EN Tomoyuki Akiyama Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Hospital Daisuke Saigusa Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University Yuki Hyodo Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Hospital Keiko Umeda Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University Reina Saijo Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University Seizo Koshiba Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University Katsuhiro Kobayashi Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Hospital Original Article 10.18926/AMO/57955 To characterize metabolic profiles within the central nervous system in epilepsy, we performed gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS)-based metabolome analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in pediatric patients with and without epilepsy. The CSF samples obtained from 64 patients were analyzed by GC-MS/MS. Multivariate analyses were performed for two age groups, 0-5 years of age and 6-17 years of age, to elucidate the effects of epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs on the metabolites. In patients aged 0-5 years (22 patients with epilepsy, 13 without epilepsy), epilepsy patients had reduced 2-ketoglutaric acid and elevated pyridoxamine and tyrosine. In patients aged 6-17 years (12 with epilepsy, 17 without epilepsy), epilepsy patients had reduced 1,5-anhydroglucitol. Valproic acid was associated with elevated 2-aminobutyric acid, 2-ketoisocaproic acid, 4-hydroxyproline, acetylglycine, methionine, N-acetylserine, and serine. Reduced energy metabolism and alteration of vitamin B6 metabolism may play a role in epilepsy in young children. The roles of 1,5-anhydroglucitol in epilepsy in older children and in levetiracetam and zonisamide treatment remain to be explained. Valproic acid influenced the levels of amino acids and related metabolites involved in the metabolism of serine, methionine, and leucine. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 128 3 2016 脳波：小児てんかんにおける古くて新しい検査 183 189 EN Katsuhiro Kobayashi Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 66 6 2012 Successful Treatment of Epilepsy by Resection of Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia 487 492 EN Takashi Agari Tadahiro Mihara Koichi Baba Katsuhiro Kobayashi Naotaka Usui Kiyohito Terada Fumihiro Nakamura Kazumi Matsuda Isao Date Case Report 10.18926/AMO/49045 We report on a case of successful surgical treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy associated with a solitary lesion of periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH). In the reported patient, intracranial ictal electroencephalography disclosed that seizures did not originate from the heterotopic nodules. However, the seizures were completely suppressed by lesionectomy of PNH alone. Epileptogenesis associated with PNH likely involves a very complex network between PNH and the surrounding cortex, and the disruption of this network may be an effective means of curing intractable, PNH-associated epilepsy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 66 5 2012 Dravet Syndrome : A Genetic Epileptic Disorder 369 376 EN Mari Akiyama Katsuhiro Kobayashi Yoko Ohtsuka Review 10.18926/AMO/48961 Dravet syndrome (DS), or severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy, is one of the most severe types of genetic epilepsy. It is characterized by the initial occurrence of febrile or afebrile seizures that often evolve into status epilepticus in infants with normal development, and by the subsequent appearance of myoclonic and/or atypical absence seizures as well as complex partial seizures. The key feature that characterizes DS is fever sensitivity, although photosensitivity and pattern-sensitivity are also often seen. The prognosis is unfavorable in most cases. Seizures become drug-resistant and persist, with many patients suffering from motor and cognitive impairment. Mutations of SCN1A, which encodes the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.1, are the most frequent genetic cause of this syndrome. SCN1A mutations and/or microchromosomal rearrangements involving SCN1A are detected in about 85% of patients. Mutations of PCDH19 have also been reported in female patients with clinical findings compatible with DS. PCDH19 mutations might account for 5% of overall DS cases. Thirty years after its first description, DS is considered as a model of channelopathy. This survey reviews recent developments in the research literature on DS, focusing on the clinical course, as well as its genetic causes. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 123 2 2011 成人期に達したDravet症候群の長期経過に関する研究 91 95 EN Mari Akiyama Katsuhiro Kobayashi Harumi Yoshinaga Yoko Ohtsuka No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 1987 大脳半球間脳波コヒーレンスの発達に関する研究 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.