Elsevier BVActa Medica Okayama2212-42091462026From externally initiated participation to autonomous engagement: Motivational transformation in community-based disaster risk reduction106515ENShionWatanabeGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityTeruhisaHiguchiFaculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversitySeijiHashimotoFaculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversitySustaining community participation is an important challenge in community-based disaster risk reduction (DRR), particularly in contexts where local actors are increasingly constrained by demographic change. Although community-based initiatives are widely recognized as fundamentally important for DRR, participation is not always driven by individuals’ intrinsic motivation. Participation is often initiated through external factors such as assigned roles within local organizations.<br>
This study examines two community organizations engaged in the preservation of historical Sunadome (traditional sand-retaining weirs) in Fukuyama City, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Those Sunadome serve both disaster mitigation and cultural heritage functions. Using a mixed-methods approach combining questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews, the study analyzes participants’ affiliation motives and the processes through which externally initiated participation evolves over time.<br>
The results identify two distinct pathways through which externally initiated participants transition toward more autonomous and sustained engagement: one pathway is mediated by socially oriented extrinsic motivation through interpersonal relationships; the other pathway involves direct internalization through alignment with the perceived purpose and value of the activity. These findings highlight the important roles of organizational structures and leadership practices in facilitating motivational transformation.<br>
By elucidating how externally initiated participation can be integrated into sustainable community-based DRR, this study contributes theoretical insights into volunteer motivation and presents practical guidance for the design of resilient community organizations under conditions of demographic decline.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.公益社団法人日本都市計画学会Acta Medica Okayama0916-06476132026送迎実態と送迎提供者の意識に関する研究19031910ENAkaneTokoOkayama UniversitySotaroWatanabeOkayama UniversitySeijiHashimotoOkayama UniversityShutoSakamotoOkayama UniversityTakehitoUjiharaOkayama University近年、公共交通のサービスレベルの低下や高齢化に伴い、車による送迎の需要が高まっている。送迎は日常的な移動を支える交通手段である一方で、送迎を行う側には負担を強いる可能性がある。本研究では、全国を対象としたWeb調査を用いて、送迎負担感に関連する要因と、主観的幸福感との関連性を分析した。その結果、自分の時間の減少が、負担感と最も強い関連があることが示された。また、子どもや孫を送迎することや運転に対する不安感も、負担感の高さと関連していることが明らかになった。主観的幸福感の低さは、送迎負担感や将来的にも送迎をしていくこと対する不安と関連していた。共分散構造分析の結果、送迎負担感は、自身の状況に対する満足度を介して主観的幸福感に影響している可能性が示唆された。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.公益社団法人日本都市計画学会Acta Medica Okayama0916-06476132026小学生の登校時における通学行動と移動自由性の関連性 ―同伴者形態に着目して―18961902ENAzumiIsoyamaOkayama UniversitySeijiHashimotoOkayama UniversityTakehitoUjiharaOkayama UniversityKimihiroHinoThe University of TokyoShionWatanabeOkayama University近年，小学生の通学において，保護者による送迎や付き添いが増加しており，子どもが自立的に移動する機会が減少していることが指摘されている。そこで本研究では，小学生の登校時に着目し，同伴者の形態と保護者による移動自由性の許可（Children’s Independent Mobility：CIM）との関連について分析を行った。その結果，徒歩通学において保護者が同伴している場合が，最もCIMと負の関連を示すことが明らかとなった。また，徒歩通学で親が付き添う形態に関して関連構造分析を行った結果、CIMが親の付き添いに直接的に負の関連があることが示され、徒歩通学時における同伴者形態が親による日常的な行動許可の程度と関連することが示唆された。また，子どもの通学行動の規定要因として，保護者による許可の程度に加え，居住環境や地域の歩行環境が重要な役割を果たしていることが示唆された。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.公益社団法人日本都市計画学会Acta Medica Okayama0916-06476132026実勢速度と規制速度の乖離の実態及び道路特性との関連性の把握19591966ENRyoheiMonjiOkayama UniversitySeijiHashimotoOkayama UniversityTakehitoUjiharaOkayama UniversityShionWatanabeOkayama University一般道路における最高速度制限に関する基準の改定を受け、全国的に規制速度の点検・見直しが行われている。この点検区間は主に規制速度と実測速度との乖離に基づいて点検区間が抽出されている。しかし、この乖離の実態については、まだ十分に解明されていない。そこで本研究では、実勢速度と規制速度との乖離の実態を明らかにするとともに、道路特性との関連性を把握することを目的とする。その結果、乖離の程度は規制速度によって異なることが確認された。また、乖離の大きさおよび空間分布は規制速度別で異なる特徴を有することが明らかとなった。さらに、道路特性との関連性も規制速度によって異なるものの、一貫した傾向を示す変数が特定された。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.MDPI AGActa Medica Okayama2073-445X1522026A Study on the Development of an Image Classification System for Urban Sprawl Areas in Japan275ENRyotaHemmiGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityTakehitoUjiharaFaculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityRyosukeAndoNational Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure Transport and TourismSeijiHashimotoFaculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityIn Japan, unlike in many other countries, urbanization has progressed while original rural road structures have been retained, leading to distinctive urban sprawl areas with intermingling residential lots and farmland. Currently, much of Japan’s urban areas consist of urban sprawl areas, posing considerable challenges for infrastructure development. However, for such urban sprawl areas in Japan, it is difficult to say that methods have been established to identify their spatial distribution based on quantitative evaluation. Therefore, for this study, we used machine learning to investigate a system that extracts sprawling urban areas from aerial photographs divided into meshes. In the system’s design, we prioritized precision to ensure the reliable detection of urban sprawl areas. Consequently, the accuracy of identifying sprawl areas achieved precision of 0.81, recall of 0.63, and an F-score of 0.71. Examination of the classification results of sprawl areas revealed that most misclassifications occurred near class boundaries. By contrast, areas with particularly high levels of urban sprawl showed few misclassifications.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.MDPIActa Medica Okayama2071-105015182023The Relationship between the Evaluation of Public Transport Services and Travel-Based CO2 Emissions from Private Transport Modes in Regional and Metropolitan Areas in Japan13296ENShreyasPradhanGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityTakehitoUjiharaFaculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversitySeijiHashimotoFaculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityPromoting public transport use is expected to contribute to reducing CO2 emissions in the transport sector. Using Okayama City and Central Tokyo as representative case studies of regional and metropolitan areas in Japan, this study examines the impact of the evaluation of the 'hard' and 'soft' attributes of rail and bus services on the overall evaluation. This study then explores the relationship between the overall evaluation and usage frequency of rail and bus services, as well as the relationship between the usage frequency and travel-based CO2 emissions from private transport modes. Furthermore, this study investigates whether the emissions cause differences in the evaluation of the 'hard' and 'soft' attributes of public transport services. The findings suggest prioritising an improvement in 'hard' rather than 'soft' attributes in order to reduce emissions through the use of public transport in regional areas. However, in metropolitan areas, no relationship was found between the evaluation of public transport services and emissions, presumably because of the lower ownership rate of private cars that residents can use freely and the markedly higher level of rail and bus services. This study provides a methodological reference for analysing the potential to reduce travel-based emissions from private transport modes by enhancing public transport service contents.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712821994Numerical Simulation of Quantum Systems -Dynamics of Electrons in Microstructures-4552ENHirooTotsujiSeijiHashimotoShigetoshiNara/10.18926/15460Difficulties in simulating systems composed of classical and quantum particles lie in the treatment of the many-body interactions between quantum particles and the geometrical variety of configurations of classical particles. In order to overcome these difficulties, we have developed some numerical methods and applied them to simple cases. As for stationary states, the finite element method provides us with sufficient geometrical freedom.
Combined with the Kohn-Sham equation based on the density
functional theory, this method virtually satisfies our requirement. In order to investigate time-dependent phenomena, we apply the time-dependent Kohn-Sham equation. Adopting the finite difference method, we are able to follow the development of quantum many-body system. As an example, we estimate the effects of the potential height, the electric field, and many-body interactions in some transition processes in quantum wells coupled by a tunneling barrier. This example is important in itself in relation to semiconductor superlattices and also serves as a benchmark for quantum simulations, variety of geometry
corresponding to that of classical particles.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712711992Intrinsic Bistability of Coupled Quantum Wires: Localization due to Many-Body Effects5564ENHirooTotsujiShigetoshiNara/10.18926/15394The ground state of a system of electrons accumulated in a pair of coupled symmetric quantum wires is analyzed on the basis of density functional theory. It is shown that, in a domain of physical parameters, electrons are localized in either of wires. The main contribution to the total energy of this system comes from the Hartree energy, or the electrostatic energy, and the exchange-correlation energy between electrons. The ground state is determined by a competition between these contributions: We have symmetric electron distributions when the Hartree energy dominates and asymmetric (localized) states are realized in the opposite case. This kind of simple system with bistable electronic states may be applied to semiconductor memory devices.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.