start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=146
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=106515
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2026
dt-pub=202611
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=From externally initiated participation to autonomous engagement: Motivational transformation in community-based disaster risk reduction
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Sustaining community participation is an important challenge in community-based disaster risk reduction (DRR), particularly in contexts where local actors are increasingly constrained by demographic change. Although community-based initiatives are widely recognized as fundamentally important for DRR, participation is not always driven by individuals’ intrinsic motivation. Participation is often initiated through external factors such as assigned roles within local organizations.
This study examines two community organizations engaged in the preservation of historical Sunadome (traditional sand-retaining weirs) in Fukuyama City, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Those Sunadome serve both disaster mitigation and cultural heritage functions. Using a mixed-methods approach combining questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews, the study analyzes participants’ affiliation motives and the processes through which externally initiated participation evolves over time.
The results identify two distinct pathways through which externally initiated participants transition toward more autonomous and sustained engagement: one pathway is mediated by socially oriented extrinsic motivation through interpersonal relationships; the other pathway involves direct internalization through alignment with the perceived purpose and value of the activity. These findings highlight the important roles of organizational structures and leadership practices in facilitating motivational transformation.
By elucidating how externally initiated participation can be integrated into sustainable community-based DRR, this study contributes theoretical insights into volunteer motivation and presents practical guidance for the design of resilient community organizations under conditions of demographic decline.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=WatanabeShion
en-aut-sei=Watanabe
en-aut-mei=Shion
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HiguchiTeruhisa
en-aut-sei=Higuchi
en-aut-mei=Teruhisa
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HashimotoSeiji
en-aut-sei=Hashimoto
en-aut-mei=Seiji
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=2
en-affil=Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=3
en-affil=Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
kn-affil=
en-keyword=Community-based disaster risk reduction
kn-keyword=Community-based disaster risk reduction
en-keyword=Japan
kn-keyword=Japan
en-keyword=Motivation
kn-keyword=Motivation
en-keyword=Organizational sustainability
kn-keyword=Organizational sustainability
en-keyword=Volunteer
kn-keyword=Volunteer
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=61
cd-vols=
no-issue=3
article-no=
start-page=1903
end-page=1910
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2026
dt-pub=2026
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=A study on the actual situation and providers’ awareness of pickup and drop off transportation
kn-title=送迎実態と送迎提供者の意識に関する研究
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=In recent years, demand for pickup and drop off transportation has increased due to declining public transport services and population aging. While such transportation supports daily mobility, it may impose burdens on those who provide it. This study examined factors associated with perceived burden and its relationship with subjective well-being using a nationwide web survey. The results indicated that reduced personal time was most strongly associated with perceived burden. Providing rides for children or grandchildren and anxiety about driving were also associated with higher burden. Lower subjective well-being was associated with perceived burden and anxiety about future transport responsibilities. Structural equation modeling suggested that perceived burden may be linked to subjective well-being through satisfaction with one’s circumstances.
kn-abstract=近年、公共交通のサービスレベルの低下や高齢化に伴い、車による送迎の需要が高まっている。送迎は日常的な移動を支える交通手段である一方で、送迎を行う側には負担を強いる可能性がある。本研究では、全国を対象としたWeb調査を用いて、送迎負担感に関連する要因と、主観的幸福感との関連性を分析した。その結果、自分の時間の減少が、負担感と最も強い関連があることが示された。また、子どもや孫を送迎することや運転に対する不安感も、負担感の高さと関連していることが明らかになった。主観的幸福感の低さは、送迎負担感や将来的にも送迎をしていくこと対する不安と関連していた。共分散構造分析の結果、送迎負担感は、自身の状況に対する満足度を介して主観的幸福感に影響している可能性が示唆された。
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=TokoAkane
en-aut-sei=Toko
en-aut-mei=Akane
kn-aut-name=床尾 あかね
kn-aut-sei=床尾
kn-aut-mei=あかね
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=WatanabeSotaro
en-aut-sei=Watanabe
en-aut-mei=Sotaro
kn-aut-name=渡邉 奏太朗
kn-aut-sei=渡邉
kn-aut-mei=奏太朗
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HashimotoSeiji
en-aut-sei=Hashimoto
en-aut-mei=Seiji
kn-aut-name=橋本 成仁
kn-aut-sei=橋本
kn-aut-mei=成仁
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=SakamotoShuto
en-aut-sei=Sakamoto
en-aut-mei=Shuto
kn-aut-name=坂本 柊人
kn-aut-sei=坂本
kn-aut-mei=柊人
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=UjiharaTakehito
en-aut-sei=Ujihara
en-aut-mei=Takehito
kn-aut-name=氏原 岳人
kn-aut-sei=氏原
kn-aut-mei=岳人
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=Okayama University
kn-affil=岡山大学
affil-num=2
en-affil=Okayama University
kn-affil=岡山大学
affil-num=3
en-affil=Okayama University
kn-affil=岡山大学
affil-num=4
en-affil=Okayama University
kn-affil=岡山大学
affil-num=5
en-affil=Okayama University
kn-affil=岡山大学
en-keyword=送迎（Pickup and drop-of）
kn-keyword=送迎（Pickup and drop-of）
en-keyword=負担感（Sense of burden）
kn-keyword=負担感（Sense of burden）
en-keyword=主観的幸福感（Subjective well-being）
kn-keyword=主観的幸福感（Subjective well-being）
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=61
cd-vols=
no-issue=3
article-no=
start-page=1896
end-page=1902
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2026
dt-pub=2026
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=The Relationship Between Elementary School Students’ Commuting Behavior and Children’s Independent Mobility —With a Focus on Travel Companions—
kn-title=小学生の登校時における通学行動と移動自由性の関連性 ―同伴者形態に着目して―
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=In recent years, parental escorting and chauffeuring during elementary school commuting have increased, reducing opportunities for children’s independent mobility. This study focused on morning school trips and examined the relationship between companion type and Children’s Independent Mobility (CIM), defined as parental permission for independent movement. The results showed that walking to school with parental accompaniment had the strongest
negative association with CIM. Path analysis also indicated that CIM had a direct negative effect on parental accompaniment, suggesting that companion type during walking commutes is associated with the degree of parental daily permission. In addition, residential and neighborhood walking environments were found to play important roles in shaping commuting behavior.
kn-abstract=近年，小学生の通学において，保護者による送迎や付き添いが増加しており，子どもが自立的に移動する機会が減少していることが指摘されている。そこで本研究では，小学生の登校時に着目し，同伴者の形態と保護者による移動自由性の許可（Children’s Independent Mobility：CIM）との関連について分析を行った。その結果，徒歩通学において保護者が同伴している場合が，最もCIMと負の関連を示すことが明らかとなった。また，徒歩通学で親が付き添う形態に関して関連構造分析を行った結果、CIMが親の付き添いに直接的に負の関連があることが示され、徒歩通学時における同伴者形態が親による日常的な行動許可の程度と関連することが示唆された。また，子どもの通学行動の規定要因として，保護者による許可の程度に加え，居住環境や地域の歩行環境が重要な役割を果たしていることが示唆された。
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=IsoyamaAzumi
en-aut-sei=Isoyama
en-aut-mei=Azumi
kn-aut-name=磯山 亜純
kn-aut-sei=磯山
kn-aut-mei=亜純
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HashimotoSeiji
en-aut-sei=Hashimoto
en-aut-mei=Seiji
kn-aut-name=橋本 成仁
kn-aut-sei=橋本
kn-aut-mei=成仁
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=UjiharaTakehito
en-aut-sei=Ujihara
en-aut-mei=Takehito
kn-aut-name=氏原 岳人
kn-aut-sei=氏原
kn-aut-mei=岳人
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HinoKimihiro
en-aut-sei=Hino
en-aut-mei=Kimihiro
kn-aut-name=樋野 公宏
kn-aut-sei=樋野
kn-aut-mei=公宏
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=WatanabeShion
en-aut-sei=Watanabe
en-aut-mei=Shion
kn-aut-name= 渡邊 詩穏
kn-aut-sei= 渡邊
kn-aut-mei=詩穏
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=Okayama University
kn-affil=岡山大学
affil-num=2
en-affil=Okayama University
kn-affil=岡山大学
affil-num=3
en-affil=Okayama University
kn-affil=岡山大学
affil-num=4
en-affil=The University of Tokyo
kn-affil=東京大学
affil-num=5
en-affil=Okayama University
kn-affil=岡山大学
en-keyword=通学行動 （commuting behavior）
kn-keyword=通学行動 （commuting behavior）
en-keyword=同伴者（travel companions）
kn-keyword=同伴者（travel companions）
en-keyword=移動自由性（Children’s Independent Mobility）
kn-keyword=移動自由性（Children’s Independent Mobility）
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=61
cd-vols=
no-issue=3
article-no=
start-page=1959
end-page=1966
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2026
dt-pub=2026
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Understanding the actual disparity between actual and speed limit and its relationship to road characteristics
kn-title=実勢速度と規制速度の乖離の実態及び道路特性との関連性の把握
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=Following the revision of standards regarding maximum speed limits on general roads, speed limits across the country are being reviewed and revised using the discrepancy between posted speed limits and observed speeds as an indicator. However, the actual nature of this discrepancy has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between the nature of this discrepancy and road characteristics. The results confirmed that the degree of discrepancy varies depending on the posted speed limit. Furthermore, it was found that the magnitude and spatial distribution of the discrepancy exhibit distinct characteristics depending on the speed limit. Additionally, while the relationship with road characteristics varies by speed limit, variables showing consistent trends were identified.
kn-abstract=一般道路における最高速度制限に関する基準の改定を受け、全国的に規制速度の点検・見直しが行われている。この点検区間は主に規制速度と実測速度との乖離に基づいて点検区間が抽出されている。しかし、この乖離の実態については、まだ十分に解明されていない。そこで本研究では、実勢速度と規制速度との乖離の実態を明らかにするとともに、道路特性との関連性を把握することを目的とする。その結果、乖離の程度は規制速度によって異なることが確認された。また、乖離の大きさおよび空間分布は規制速度別で異なる特徴を有することが明らかとなった。さらに、道路特性との関連性も規制速度によって異なるものの、一貫した傾向を示す変数が特定された。
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=MonjiRyohei
en-aut-sei=Monji
en-aut-mei=Ryohei
kn-aut-name=門司 諒平
kn-aut-sei=門司
kn-aut-mei=諒平
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HashimotoSeiji
en-aut-sei=Hashimoto
en-aut-mei=Seiji
kn-aut-name=橋本 成仁
kn-aut-sei=橋本
kn-aut-mei=成仁
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=UjiharaTakehito
en-aut-sei=Ujihara
en-aut-mei=Takehito
kn-aut-name=氏原 岳人
kn-aut-sei=氏原
kn-aut-mei=岳人
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=WatanabeShion
en-aut-sei=Watanabe
en-aut-mei=Shion
kn-aut-name=渡邊 詩穏
kn-aut-sei=渡邊
kn-aut-mei=詩穏
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=Okayama University
kn-affil=岡山大学
affil-num=2
en-affil=Okayama University
kn-affil=岡山大学
affil-num=3
en-affil=Okayama University
kn-affil=岡山大学
affil-num=4
en-affil=Okayama University
kn-affil=岡山大学
en-keyword=乖離 （Deviation）
kn-keyword=乖離 （Deviation）
en-keyword=規制速度（Speed Limit）
kn-keyword=規制速度（Speed Limit）
en-keyword=道路特性（Road Characteristics）
kn-keyword=道路特性（Road Characteristics）
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=15
cd-vols=
no-issue=2
article-no=
start-page=275
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2026
dt-pub=20260206
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=A Study on the Development of an Image Classification System for Urban Sprawl Areas in Japan
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=In Japan, unlike in many other countries, urbanization has progressed while original rural road structures have been retained, leading to distinctive urban sprawl areas with intermingling residential lots and farmland. Currently, much of Japan’s urban areas consist of urban sprawl areas, posing considerable challenges for infrastructure development. However, for such urban sprawl areas in Japan, it is difficult to say that methods have been established to identify their spatial distribution based on quantitative evaluation. Therefore, for this study, we used machine learning to investigate a system that extracts sprawling urban areas from aerial photographs divided into meshes. In the system’s design, we prioritized precision to ensure the reliable detection of urban sprawl areas. Consequently, the accuracy of identifying sprawl areas achieved precision of 0.81, recall of 0.63, and an F-score of 0.71. Examination of the classification results of sprawl areas revealed that most misclassifications occurred near class boundaries. By contrast, areas with particularly high levels of urban sprawl showed few misclassifications.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=HemmiRyota
en-aut-sei=Hemmi
en-aut-mei=Ryota
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=UjiharaTakehito
en-aut-sei=Ujihara
en-aut-mei=Takehito
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=AndoRyosuke
en-aut-sei=Ando
en-aut-mei=Ryosuke
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HashimotoSeiji
en-aut-sei=Hashimoto
en-aut-mei=Seiji
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=2
en-affil=Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=3
en-affil=National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure Transport and Tourism
kn-affil=
affil-num=4
en-affil=Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
kn-affil=
en-keyword=image classification
kn-keyword=image classification
en-keyword=machine learning
kn-keyword=machine learning
en-keyword=sprawl
kn-keyword=sprawl
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=15
cd-vols=
no-issue=18
article-no=
start-page=13296
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2023
dt-pub=20230905
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=The Relationship between the Evaluation of Public Transport Services and Travel-Based CO2 Emissions from Private Transport Modes in Regional and Metropolitan Areas in Japan
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Promoting public transport use is expected to contribute to reducing CO2 emissions in the transport sector. Using Okayama City and Central Tokyo as representative case studies of regional and metropolitan areas in Japan, this study examines the impact of the evaluation of the 'hard' and 'soft' attributes of rail and bus services on the overall evaluation. This study then explores the relationship between the overall evaluation and usage frequency of rail and bus services, as well as the relationship between the usage frequency and travel-based CO2 emissions from private transport modes. Furthermore, this study investigates whether the emissions cause differences in the evaluation of the 'hard' and 'soft' attributes of public transport services. The findings suggest prioritising an improvement in 'hard' rather than 'soft' attributes in order to reduce emissions through the use of public transport in regional areas. However, in metropolitan areas, no relationship was found between the evaluation of public transport services and emissions, presumably because of the lower ownership rate of private cars that residents can use freely and the markedly higher level of rail and bus services. This study provides a methodological reference for analysing the potential to reduce travel-based emissions from private transport modes by enhancing public transport service contents.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=PradhanShreyas
en-aut-sei=Pradhan
en-aut-mei=Shreyas
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=UjiharaTakehito
en-aut-sei=Ujihara
en-aut-mei=Takehito
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HashimotoSeiji
en-aut-sei=Hashimoto
en-aut-mei=Seiji
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=2
en-affil=Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=3
en-affil=Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
kn-affil=
en-keyword=CO2 emissions
kn-keyword=CO2 emissions
en-keyword=public transport
kn-keyword=public transport
en-keyword=evaluation
kn-keyword=evaluation
en-keyword='hard' and 'soft' attributes
kn-keyword='hard' and 'soft' attributes
en-keyword=usage frequency
kn-keyword=usage frequency
en-keyword=private transport modes
kn-keyword=private transport modes
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=28
cd-vols=
no-issue=2
article-no=
start-page=45
end-page=52
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1994
dt-pub=19940315
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Numerical Simulation of Quantum Systems -Dynamics of Electrons in Microstructures-
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Difficulties in simulating systems composed of classical and quantum particles lie in the treatment of the many-body interactions between quantum particles and the geometrical variety of configurations of classical particles. In order to overcome these difficulties, we have developed some numerical methods and applied them to simple cases. As for stationary states, the finite element method provides us with sufficient geometrical freedom.
Combined with the Kohn-Sham equation based on the density
functional theory, this method virtually satisfies our requirement. In order to investigate time-dependent phenomena, we apply the time-dependent Kohn-Sham equation. Adopting the finite difference method, we are able to follow the development of quantum many-body system. As an example, we estimate the effects of the potential height, the electric field, and many-body interactions in some transition processes in quantum wells coupled by a tunneling barrier. This example is important in itself in relation to semiconductor superlattices and also serves as a benchmark for quantum simulations, variety of geometry
corresponding to that of classical particles.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=TotsujiHiroo
en-aut-sei=Totsuji
en-aut-mei=Hiroo
kn-aut-name=東辻浩夫
kn-aut-sei=東辻
kn-aut-mei=浩夫
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HashimotoSeiji
en-aut-sei=Hashimoto
en-aut-mei=Seiji
kn-aut-name=橋本成仁
kn-aut-sei=橋本
kn-aut-mei=成仁
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=NaraShigetoshi
en-aut-sei=Nara
en-aut-mei=Shigetoshi
kn-aut-name=奈良重俊
kn-aut-sei=奈良
kn-aut-mei=重俊
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
affil-num=2
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
affil-num=3
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=27
cd-vols=
no-issue=1
article-no=
start-page=55
end-page=64
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1992
dt-pub=19921125
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Intrinsic Bistability of Coupled Quantum Wires: Localization due to Many-Body Effects
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=The ground state of a system of electrons accumulated in a pair of coupled symmetric quantum wires is analyzed on the basis of density functional theory. It is shown that, in a domain of physical parameters, electrons are localized in either of wires. The main contribution to the total energy of this system comes from the Hartree energy, or the electrostatic energy, and the exchange-correlation energy between electrons. The ground state is determined by a competition between these contributions: We have symmetric electron distributions when the Hartree energy dominates and asymmetric (localized) states are realized in the opposite case. This kind of simple system with bistable electronic states may be applied to semiconductor memory devices.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=TotsujiHiroo
en-aut-sei=Totsuji
en-aut-mei=Hiroo
kn-aut-name=東辻浩夫
kn-aut-sei=東辻
kn-aut-mei=浩夫
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=
en-aut-sei=
en-aut-mei=
kn-aut-name=TachibanaHiroyuki
kn-aut-sei=Tachibana
kn-aut-mei=Hiroyuki
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=
en-aut-sei=
en-aut-mei=
kn-aut-name=HashimotoSeiji
kn-aut-sei=Hashimoto
kn-aut-mei=Seiji
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=NaraShigetoshi
en-aut-sei=Nara
en-aut-mei=Shigetoshi
kn-aut-name=奈良重俊
kn-aut-sei=奈良
kn-aut-mei=重俊
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
affil-num=2
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
affil-num=3
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
affil-num=4
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
END