Ureterolithotripsy for a Ureteral Calculus at the Ureteroureterostomy of a Renal-transplant Recipient

We describe a 40-year-old living-donor renal-transplant recipient who underwent successful ureterolithotripsy. He had been on hemodialysis for >15 years pre-transplant and underwent ureteroureterostomy along with the surgery. One year post-transplant, ultrasound examination demonstrated hydronephrosis, and CT showed a 6-mm ureteral calculus at the ureteroureterostomy site. No pain and no elevated serum creatinine were present. As the ureter was easily accessed, we performed a ureterolithotripsy, which would confirm whether a suture caused the calculus. Despite ureteral tortuosity, laser stone fragmentation succeeded. The calculus was completely removed with an antegrade guidewire. Mild postoperative ureteral stenosis resolved with a temporary ureteral stent without balloon dilation. Ureterolithotripsy is effective even in renal transplant recipients with ureteroureterostomy.