start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=10
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=1261330
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2023
dt-pub=20230907
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=In vivo tracking transplanted cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells using nuclear medicine imaging
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Introduction: Transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) is a promising treatment for heart failure. Information on long-term cell engraftment after transplantation is clinically important. However, clinically applicable evaluation methods have not yet been established.<br>
Methods: In this study, to noninvasively assess transplanted cell engraftment, human SLC5A5, which encodes a sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) that transports radioactive tracers such as 125I, 18F-tetrafluoroborate (TFB), and 99mTc-pertechnetate (99mTcO4−), was transduced into human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and nuclear medicine imaging was used to track engrafted human iPSC-CMs.<br>
Results: To evaluate the pluripotency of NIS-expressing human iPSCs, they were subcutaneously transplanted into immunodeficient rats. Teratomas were detected by 99mTcO4− single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging. NIS expression and the uptake ability of 125I were maintained in purified human iPSC-CMs. NIS-expressing human iPSC-CMs transplanted into immunodeficient rats could be detected over time using 99mTcO4− SPECT/CT imaging. Unexpectedly, NIS expression affected cell proliferation of human iPSCs and iPSC-derived cells.<br>
Discussion: Such functionally designed iPSC-CMs have potential clinical applications as a noninvasive method of grafted cell evaluation, but further studies are needed to determine the effects of NIS transduction on cellular characteristics and functions.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=SaitoYukihiro
en-aut-sei=Saito
en-aut-mei=Yukihiro
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=NoseNaoko
en-aut-sei=Nose
en-aut-mei=Naoko
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

en-aut-name=IidaToshihiro
en-aut-sei=Iida
en-aut-mei=Toshihiro
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=

en-aut-name=AkazawaKaoru
en-aut-sei=Akazawa
en-aut-mei=Kaoru
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KannoTakayuki
en-aut-sei=Kanno
en-aut-mei=Takayuki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=

en-aut-name=FujimotoYuki
en-aut-sei=Fujimoto
en-aut-mei=Yuki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=

en-aut-name=SasakiTakanori
en-aut-sei=Sasaki
en-aut-mei=Takanori
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=

en-aut-name=AkehiMasaru
en-aut-sei=Akehi
en-aut-mei=Masaru
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=

en-aut-name=HiguchiTakahiro
en-aut-sei=Higuchi
en-aut-mei=Takahiro
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=9
ORCID=

en-aut-name=AkagiSatoshi
en-aut-sei=Akagi
en-aut-mei=Satoshi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=10
ORCID=

en-aut-name=YoshidaMasashi
en-aut-sei=Yoshida
en-aut-mei=Masashi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=11
ORCID=

en-aut-name=MiyoshiToru
en-aut-sei=Miyoshi
en-aut-mei=Toru
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=12
ORCID=

en-aut-name=ItoHiroshi
en-aut-sei=Ito
en-aut-mei=Hiroshi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=13
ORCID=

en-aut-name=NakamuraKazufumi
en-aut-sei=Nakamura
en-aut-mei=Kazufumi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=14
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Hospital
kn-affil=

affil-num=2
en-affil=Molecular Imaging Project of RECTOR Program, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=3
en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=4
en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=5
en-affil=Molecular Imaging Project of RECTOR Program, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=6
en-affil=Molecular Imaging Project of RECTOR Program, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=7
en-affil=Okayama Medical Innovation Center, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=

affil-num=8
en-affil=Okayama Medical Innovation Center, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=

affil-num=9
en-affil=Molecular Imaging Project of RECTOR Program, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=10
en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=11
en-affil=Department of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=12
en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=13
en-affil=Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School
kn-affil=

affil-num=14
en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
en-keyword=sodium/iodide symporter
kn-keyword=sodium/iodide symporter
en-keyword=human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
kn-keyword=human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
en-keyword=single photon emission computed tomography
kn-keyword=single photon emission computed tomography
en-keyword=cell-based therapy
kn-keyword=cell-based therapy
en-keyword=in vivo imaging
kn-keyword=in vivo imaging
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=2022
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=9810097
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2022
dt-pub=20220716
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Performance Evaluation of a Preclinical SPECT Scanner with a Collimator Designed for Medium-Sized Animals
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Background. Equipped with two stationary detectors, a large bore collimator for medium-sized animals has been recently introduced for dedicated preclinical single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. We aimed to evaluate the basic performance of the system using phantoms and healthy rabbits. Methods. A general-purpose medium-sized animal (GP-MSA) collimator with 135 mm bore diameter and thirty-three holes of 2.5 mm diameter was installed on an ultrahigh-resolution scanner equipped with two large stationary detectors (U-SPECT5-E/CT). The sensitivity and uniformity were investigated using a point source and a cylinder phantom containing Tc-99m-pertechnetate, respectively. Uniformity (in %) was derived using volumes of interest (VOIs) on images of the cylinder phantom and calculated as maximum count-minimum count/maximum count+minimum countx100, with lower values of % indicating superior performance. The spatial resolution and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) were evaluated with images of a hot-rod Derenzo phantom using different activity concentrations. Feasibility of in vivo SPECT imaging was finally confirmed by rabbit imaging with the most commonly used clinical myocardial perfusion SPECT agent [Tc-99m]Tc-sestamibi (dynamic acquisition with a scan time of 5 min). Results. In the performance evaluation, a sensitivity of 790 cps/MBq, a spatial resolution with the hot-rod phantom of 2.5 mm, and a uniformity of 39.2% were achieved. The CNRs of the rod size 2.5 mm were 1.37, 1.24, 1.20, and 0.85 for activity concentration of 29.2, 1.0, 0.5, and 0.1 MBq/mL, respectively. Dynamic SPECT imaging in rabbits allowed to visualize most of the thorax and to generate time-activity curves of the left myocardial wall and ventricular cavity. Conclusion. Preclinical U-SPECT5-E/CT equipped with a large bore collimator demonstrated adequate sensitivity and resolution for in vivo rabbit imaging. Along with its unique features of SPECT molecular functional imaging is a superior collimator technology that is applicable to medium-sized animal models and thus may promote translational research for diagnostic purposes and development of novel therapeutics.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=MatsusakaYohji
en-aut-sei=Matsusaka
en-aut-mei=Yohji
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=WernerRudolf A.
en-aut-sei=Werner
en-aut-mei=Rudolf A.
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

en-aut-name=Arias-LozaPaula
en-aut-sei=Arias-Loza
en-aut-mei=Paula
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=

en-aut-name=NoseNaoko
en-aut-sei=Nose
en-aut-mei=Naoko
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=

en-aut-name=SasakiTakanori
en-aut-sei=Sasaki
en-aut-mei=Takanori
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=

en-aut-name=ChenXinyu
en-aut-sei=Chen
en-aut-mei=Xinyu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=

en-aut-name=LapaConstantin
en-aut-sei=Lapa
en-aut-mei=Constantin
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=

en-aut-name=HiguchiTakahiro
en-aut-sei=Higuchi
en-aut-mei=Takahiro
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil= Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg
kn-affil=

affil-num=2
en-affil= Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg
kn-affil=

affil-num=3
en-affil= Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg
kn-affil=

affil-num=4
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=5
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=6
en-affil=Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg
kn-affil=

affil-num=7
en-affil=Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg
kn-affil=

affil-num=8
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=2022
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=4635171
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2022
dt-pub=20220621
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=In Vivo Functional Assessment of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporters (SGLTs) Using [F-18]Me4FDG PET in Rats
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Background. Mediating glucose absorption in the small intestine and renal clearance, sodium glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) have emerged as an attractive therapeutic target in diabetic patients. A substantial fraction of patients, however, only achieve inadequate glycemic control. Thus, we aimed to assess the potential of the SGLT-targeting PET radiotracer alpha-methyl-4-deoxy-4-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucopyranoside ([F-18]Me4FDG) as a noninvasive intestinal and renal biomarker of SGLT-mediated glucose transport. Methods. We investigated healthy rats using a dedicated small animal PET system. Dynamic imaging was conducted after administration of the reference radiotracer 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose ([F-18]FDG), or the SGLT-targeting agent, [F-18]Me4FDG either directly into the digestive tract (for assessing intestinal absorption) or via the tail vein (for evaluating kidney excretion). To confirm the specificity of [F-18]Me4FDG and responsiveness to treatment, a subset of animals was also pretreated with the SGLT inhibitor phlorizin. In this regard, an intraintestinal route of administration was used to assess tracer absorption in the digestive tract, while for renal assessment, phlorizin was injected intravenously (IV). Results. Serving as reference, intestinal administration of [F-18]FDG led to slow absorption with retention of 89.2 +/- 3.5% of administered radioactivity at 15 min. [F-18]Me4FDG, however, was rapidly absorbed into the blood and cleared from the intestine within 15 min, leading to markedly lower tracer retention of 18.5 +/- 1.2% (P < 0.0001). Intraintestinal phlorizin led to marked increase of [F-18]Me4FDG uptake (15 min, 99.9 +/- 4.7%; P < 0.0001 vs. untreated controls), supporting the notion that this PET agent can measure adequate SGLT inhibition in the digestive tract. In the kidneys, radiotracer was also sensitive to SGLT inhibition. After IV injection, [F-18]Me4FDG reabsorption in the renal cortex was significantly suppressed by phlorizin when compared to untreated animals (%ID/g at 60 min, 0.42 +/- 0.10 vs. untreated controls, 1.20 +/- 0.03; P < 0.0001). Conclusion. As a noninvasive read-out of the concurrent SGLT expression in both the digestive tract and the renal cortex, [F-18]Me4FDG PET may serve as a surrogate marker for treatment response to SGLT inhibition. As such, [F-18]Me4FDG may enable improvement in glycemic control in diabetes by PET-based monitoring strategies.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=MatsusakaYohji
en-aut-sei=Matsusaka
en-aut-mei=Yohji
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=ChenXinyu
en-aut-sei=Chen
en-aut-mei=Xinyu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

en-aut-name=Arias-LozaPaula
en-aut-sei=Arias-Loza
en-aut-mei=Paula
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=

en-aut-name=WernerRudolf A.
en-aut-sei=Werner
en-aut-mei=Rudolf A.
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=

en-aut-name=NoseNaoko
en-aut-sei=Nose
en-aut-mei=Naoko
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=

en-aut-name=SasakiTakanori
en-aut-sei=Sasaki
en-aut-mei=Takanori
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=

en-aut-name=RoweSteven P.
en-aut-sei=Rowe
en-aut-mei=Steven P.
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=

en-aut-name=PomperMartin G.
en-aut-sei=Pomper
en-aut-mei=Martin G.
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=

en-aut-name=LapaConstantin
en-aut-sei=Lapa
en-aut-mei=Constantin
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=9
ORCID=

en-aut-name=HiguchiTakahiro
en-aut-sei=Higuchi
en-aut-mei=Takahiro
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=10
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg
kn-affil=

affil-num=2
en-affil=Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg
kn-affil=

affil-num=3
en-affil=Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg
kn-affil=

affil-num=4
en-affil=Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg
kn-affil=

affil-num=5
en-affil=Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=6
en-affil=Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=7
en-affil=Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
kn-affil=

affil-num=8
en-affil=Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
kn-affil=

affil-num=9
en-affil= Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg
kn-affil=

affil-num=10
en-affil=Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=11
cd-vols=
no-issue=2
article-no=
start-page=158
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2021
dt-pub=20210218
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=A Novel 89Zr-labeled DDS Device Utilizing Human IgG Variant (scFv): “Lactosome” Nanoparticle-Based Theranostics for PET Imaging and Targeted Therapy
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=“Theranostics,” a new concept of medical advances featuring a fusion of therapeutic and diagnostic systems, provides promising prospects in personalized medicine, especially cancer. The theranostics system comprises a novel 89Zr-labeled drug delivery system (DDS), derived from the novel biodegradable polymeric micelle, “Lactosome” nanoparticles conjugated with specific shortened IgG variant, and aims to successfully deliver therapeutically effective molecules, such as the apoptosis-inducing small interfering RNA (siRNA) intracellularly while offering simultaneous tumor visualization via PET imaging. A 27 kDa-human single chain variable fragment (scFv) of IgG to establish clinically applicable PET imaging and theranostics in cancer medicine was fabricated to target mesothelin (MSLN), a 40 kDa-differentiation-related cell surface glycoprotein antigen, which is frequently and highly expressed by malignant tumors. This system coupled with the cell penetrating peptide (CPP)-modified and photosensitizer (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) porphyrin (TPP))-loaded Lactosome particles for photochemical internalized (PCI) driven intracellular siRNA delivery and the combination of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers a promising nano-theranostic-based cancer therapy via its targeted apoptosis-inducing feature. This review focuses on the combined advances in nanotechnology and material sciences utilizing the “89Zr-labeled CPP and TPP-loaded Lactosome particles” and future directions based on important milestones and recent developments in this platform. 
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=LimMelissa Siaw Han
en-aut-sei=Lim
en-aut-mei=Melissa Siaw Han
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=OhtsukiTakashi
en-aut-sei=Ohtsuki
en-aut-mei=Takashi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

en-aut-name=TakenakaFumiaki
en-aut-sei=Takenaka
en-aut-mei=Fumiaki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KobayashiKazuko
en-aut-sei=Kobayashi
en-aut-mei=Kazuko
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=

en-aut-name=AkehiMasaru
en-aut-sei=Akehi
en-aut-mei=Masaru
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=

en-aut-name=UjiHirotaka
en-aut-sei=Uji
en-aut-mei=Hirotaka
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KobuchiHirotsugu
en-aut-sei=Kobuchi
en-aut-mei=Hirotsugu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=

en-aut-name=SasakiTakanori
en-aut-sei=Sasaki
en-aut-mei=Takanori
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=

en-aut-name=OzekiEiichi
en-aut-sei=Ozeki
en-aut-mei=Eiichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=9
ORCID=

en-aut-name=MatsuuraEiji
en-aut-sei=Matsuura
en-aut-mei=Eiji
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=10
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=Department of Cell Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=2
en-affil=Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=3
en-affil=Collaborative Research Centre for OMIC, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=4
en-affil=Collaborative Research Centre for OMIC, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=5
en-affil=Collaborative Research Centre for OMIC, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=6
en-affil=Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
kn-affil=

affil-num=7
en-affil=Department of Cell Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=8
en-affil=Collaborative Research Centre for OMIC, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=9
en-affil=Technology Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation
kn-affil=

affil-num=10
en-affil=Department of Cell Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
en-keyword=theranostics
kn-keyword=theranostics
en-keyword=single chain variable fragment of IgG (scFv)
kn-keyword=single chain variable fragment of IgG (scFv)
en-keyword=drug delivery system (DDS)
kn-keyword=drug delivery system (DDS)
en-keyword=photodynamic therapy (PDT)
kn-keyword=photodynamic therapy (PDT)
en-keyword=PET imaging
kn-keyword=PET imaging
en-keyword=accelerated blood clearance (ABC)
kn-keyword=accelerated blood clearance (ABC)
en-keyword=cell penetrating peptide (CPP)
kn-keyword=cell penetrating peptide (CPP)
en-keyword=siRNA
kn-keyword=siRNA
en-keyword=ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2)
kn-keyword=ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2)
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=30
cd-vols=
no-issue=3
article-no=
start-page=1342
end-page=1349
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2019
dt-pub=20191126
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Robotic CT-guided out-of-plane needle insertion: comparison of angle accuracy with manual insertion in phantom and measurement of distance accuracy in animals
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Objectives</br>
To evaluate the accuracy of robotic CT-guided out-of-plane needle insertion in phantom and animal experiments.</br>
Methods</br>
A robotic system (Zerobot), developed at our institution, was used for needle insertion. In the phantom experiment, 12 robotic needle insertions into a phantom at various angles in the XY and YZ planes were performed, and the same insertions were manually performed freehand, as well as guided by a smartphone application (SmartPuncture). Angle errors were compared between the robotic and smartphone-guided manual insertions using Student’s t test. In the animal experiment, 6 robotic out-of-plane needle insertions toward targets of 1.0 mm in diameter placed in the kidneys and hip muscles of swine were performed, each with and without adjustment of needle orientation based on reconstructed CT images during insertion. Distance accuracy was calculated as the distance between the needle tip and the target center.</br>
Results</br>
In the phantom experiment, the mean angle errors of the robotic, freehand manual, and smartphone-guided manual insertions were 0.4°, 7.0°, and 3.7° in the XY plane and 0.6°, 6.3°, and 0.6° in the YZ plane, respectively. Robotic insertions in the XY plane were significantly (p < 0.001) more accurate than smartphone-guided insertions. In the animal experiment, the overall mean distance accuracy of robotic insertions with and without adjustment of needle orientation was 2.5 mm and 5.0 mm, respectively.</br>
Conclusion</br>
Robotic CT-guided out-of-plane needle insertions were more accurate than smartphone-guided manual insertions in the phantom and were also accurate in the in vivo procedure, particularly with adjustment during insertion.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=KomakiToshiyuki
en-aut-sei=Komaki
en-aut-mei=Toshiyuki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=HirakiTakao
en-aut-sei=Hiraki
en-aut-mei=Takao
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KamegawaTetsushi
en-aut-sei=Kamegawa
en-aut-mei=Tetsushi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=

en-aut-name=MatsunoTakayuki
en-aut-sei=Matsuno
en-aut-mei=Takayuki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=

en-aut-name=SakuraiJun
en-aut-sei=Sakurai
en-aut-mei=Jun
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=

en-aut-name=MatsuuraRyutaro
en-aut-sei=Matsuura
en-aut-mei=Ryutaro
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=

en-aut-name=YamaguchiTakuya
en-aut-sei=Yamaguchi
en-aut-mei=Takuya
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=

en-aut-name=SasakiTakanori
en-aut-sei=Sasaki
en-aut-mei=Takanori
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=

en-aut-name=MitsuhashiToshiharu
en-aut-sei=Mitsuhashi
en-aut-mei=Toshiharu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=9
ORCID=

en-aut-name=OkamotoSoichiro
en-aut-sei=Okamoto
en-aut-mei=Soichiro
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=10
ORCID=

en-aut-name=UkaMayu
en-aut-sei=Uka
en-aut-mei=Mayu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=11
ORCID=

en-aut-name=MatsuiYusuke
en-aut-sei=Matsui
en-aut-mei=Yusuke
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=12
ORCID=

en-aut-name=IguchiToshihiro
en-aut-sei=Iguchi
en-aut-mei=Toshihiro
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=13
ORCID=

en-aut-name=GobaraHideo
en-aut-sei=Gobara
en-aut-mei=Hideo
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=14
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KanazawaSusumu
en-aut-sei=Kanazawa
en-aut-mei=Susumu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=15
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School
kn-affil=

affil-num=2
en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School
kn-affil=

affil-num=3
en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=4
en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=5
en-affil=Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital
kn-affil=

affil-num=6
en-affil=Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University Medical School
kn-affil=

affil-num=7
en-affil=Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Okayama University Hospital
kn-affil=

affil-num=8
en-affil=Collaborative Research Center for OMIC, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=

affil-num=9
en-affil=Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital
kn-affil=

affil-num=10
en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School
kn-affil=

affil-num=11
en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School
kn-affil=

affil-num=12
en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School
kn-affil=

affil-num=13
en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School
kn-affil=

affil-num=14
en-affil=Division of Medical Informatics, Okayama University Hospital
kn-affil=

affil-num=15
en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School
kn-affil=
en-keyword=Robotics
kn-keyword=Robotics
en-keyword=Interventional radiology
kn-keyword=Interventional radiology
en-keyword=Animal experiments
kn-keyword=Animal experiments
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=70
cd-vols=
no-issue=1
article-no=
start-page=13
end-page=24
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2016
dt-pub=201602
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=The Function of β2-glycoprotein I in Angiogenesis and Its in Vivo Distribution in Tumor Xenografts
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Intact β2-glycoprotein I (iβ2GPI) is a glycoprotein that regulates coagulation and fibrinolysis. Nicked β2GPI (nβ2GPI) possesses an angiogenic property at a relatively low concentration, and an antiangiogenic property at a high concentration. Here we investigated the functions of βi 2GPI and nβ2GPI in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A-induced endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation. We used noninvasive PET imaging to analyze the in vivo distribution of intravenously injected β2GPI variants in tumor lesions in mice. iβ2GPI was incubated with plasmin to obtain nβ2GPI, and its N-terminal sequence was analyzed. nβ2GPI had at least one other cleavage site upstream of the β2GPIʼs domain V, whereas the former plasmin-cleavage site locates between K317 and T318. Both of intact and nicked β2GPI significantly inhibited the VEGF-A-induced cell proliferation and the tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). PET imaging visualized considerably distributed intensities of all tested β2GPI variants in tumor lesions of pancreatic tumor cell-xenografts. These results indicate that β2GPI may be physiologically and pathophysiologically important in the regulation of not only coagulation and fibrinolysis, but also angiogenesis.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=Arum Tri Wahyuningsih
en-aut-sei=Arum Tri Wahyuningsih
en-aut-mei=
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=ShenLianhua
en-aut-sei=Shen
en-aut-mei=Lianhua
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KobayashiKazuko
en-aut-sei=Kobayashi
en-aut-mei=Kazuko
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=

en-aut-name=SasakiTakanori
en-aut-sei=Sasaki
en-aut-mei=Takanori
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=

en-aut-name=TakenakaFumiaki
en-aut-sei=Takenaka
en-aut-mei=Fumiaki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=

en-aut-name=HanadaTakahisa
en-aut-sei=Hanada
en-aut-mei=Takahisa
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=

en-aut-name=AkehiMasaru
en-aut-sei=Akehi
en-aut-mei=Masaru
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=

en-aut-name=AkahoshiAkiya
en-aut-sei=Akahoshi
en-aut-mei=Akiya
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=

en-aut-name=OzekiEiichi
en-aut-sei=Ozeki
en-aut-mei=Eiichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=9
ORCID=

en-aut-name=AndoEiji
en-aut-sei=Ando
en-aut-mei=Eiji
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=10
ORCID=

en-aut-name=MatsuuraEiji
en-aut-sei=Matsuura
en-aut-mei=Eiji
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=11
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Cell Chemistry , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

affil-num=2
en-affil=
kn-affil=Collaborative Research Center (OMIC), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

affil-num=3
en-affil=
kn-affil=Collaborative Research Center (OMIC), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

affil-num=4
en-affil=
kn-affil=Collaborative Research Center (OMIC), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

affil-num=5
en-affil=
kn-affil=Collaborative Research Center (OMIC), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

affil-num=6
en-affil=
kn-affil=Collaborative Research Center (OMIC), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

affil-num=7
en-affil=
kn-affil=Collaborative Research Center (OMIC), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

affil-num=8
en-affil=
kn-affil=Collaborative Research Center (OMIC), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

affil-num=9
en-affil=
kn-affil=Technology Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation

affil-num=10
en-affil=
kn-affil=Life Science Business Department, Shimadzu Corporation

affil-num=11
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Cell Chemistry , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
en-keyword=β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI)
kn-keyword=β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI)
en-keyword=angiogenesis
kn-keyword=angiogenesis
en-keyword=vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)
kn-keyword=vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)
en-keyword=positron emission tomography (PET) imaging
kn-keyword=positron emission tomography (PET) imaging
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=67
cd-vols=
no-issue=6
article-no=
start-page=359
end-page=367
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2013
dt-pub=201312
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=In Vitro Assessment of Factors Affecting the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of Jurkat Cells Using Bio-phantoms
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=It is well known that many tumor tissues show lower apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, and that several factors are involved in the reduction of ADC values. The aim of this study was to clarify how much each factor contributes to decreases in ADC values. We investigate the roles of cell density, extracellular space, intracellular factors, apoptosis and necrosis in ADC values using bio-phantoms. The ADC values of bio-phantoms, in which Jurkat cells were encapsulated by gellan gum, were measured
by a 1.5-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging device with constant diffusion time of 30sec. Heating at 42℃ was used to induce apoptosis while heating at 48℃ was used to induce necrosis. Cell death after heating was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis and electron microscopy. The ADC values of bio-phantoms including non-heated cells decreased linearly with increases in cell density, and showed a steep decline when the distance between cells became less than 3μm. The analysis of ADC values of cells after destruction of cellular structures by sonication suggested that approximately two-thirds of the ADC values of cells originate from their cellular structures. The ADC values of bio-phantoms including necrotic cells increased while those including apoptotic cells decreased. This study quantitatively
clarified the role of the cellular factors and the extracellular space in determining the ADC values
produced by tumor cells. The intermediate diffusion time of 30msec might be optimal to distinguish
between apoptosis and necrosis.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=KatashimaKazunori
en-aut-sei=Katashima
en-aut-mei=Kazunori
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KurodaMasahiro
en-aut-sei=Kuroda
en-aut-mei=Masahiro
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

en-aut-name=AshidaMasakazu
en-aut-sei=Ashida
en-aut-mei=Masakazu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=

en-aut-name=SasakiTakanori
en-aut-sei=Sasaki
en-aut-mei=Takanori
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=

en-aut-name=TaguchiTakehito
en-aut-sei=Taguchi
en-aut-mei=Takehito
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=

en-aut-name=MatsuzakiHidenobu
en-aut-sei=Matsuzaki
en-aut-mei=Hidenobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=

en-aut-name=MurakamiJun
en-aut-sei=Murakami
en-aut-mei=Jun
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=

en-aut-name=YanagiYoshinobu
en-aut-sei=Yanagi
en-aut-mei=Yoshinobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=

en-aut-name=HisatomiMiki
en-aut-sei=Hisatomi
en-aut-mei=Miki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=9
ORCID=

en-aut-name=HaraMarina
en-aut-sei=Hara
en-aut-mei=Marina
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=10
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KatoHirokazu
en-aut-sei=Kato
en-aut-mei=Hirokazu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=11
ORCID=

en-aut-name=OhmuraYuichi
en-aut-sei=Ohmura
en-aut-mei=Yuichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=12
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KobayashiTomoki
en-aut-sei=Kobayashi
en-aut-mei=Tomoki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=13
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KanazawaSusumu
en-aut-sei=Kanazawa
en-aut-mei=Susumu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=14
ORCID=

en-aut-name=HaradaSosuke
en-aut-sei=Harada
en-aut-mei=Sosuke
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=15
ORCID=

en-aut-name=TakemotoMitsuhiro
en-aut-sei=Takemoto
en-aut-mei=Mitsuhiro
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=16
ORCID=

en-aut-name=OhnoSeiichiro
en-aut-sei=Ohno
en-aut-mei=Seiichiro
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=17
ORCID=

en-aut-name=MimuraSeiichi
en-aut-sei=Mimura
en-aut-mei=Seiichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=18
ORCID=

en-aut-name=AsaumiJunichi
en-aut-sei=Asaumi
en-aut-mei=Junichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=19
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

affil-num=2
en-affil=
kn-affil=Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University

affil-num=3
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

affil-num=4
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

affil-num=5
en-affil=
kn-affil=Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University

affil-num=6
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

affil-num=7
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

affil-num=8
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

affil-num=9
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

affil-num=10
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

affil-num=11
en-affil=
kn-affil=Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University

affil-num=12
en-affil=
kn-affil=Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University

affil-num=13
en-affil=
kn-affil=Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University

affil-num=14
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

affil-num=15
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

affil-num=16
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

affil-num=17
en-affil=
kn-affil=Central Division of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital

affil-num=18
en-affil=
kn-affil=Central Division of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital

affil-num=19
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
en-keyword=ADC
kn-keyword=ADC
en-keyword=apoptosis
kn-keyword=apoptosis
en-keyword=necrosis
kn-keyword=necrosis
en-keyword=hyperthermia
kn-keyword=hyperthermia
en-keyword=cell density
kn-keyword=cell density
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=66
cd-vols=
no-issue=3
article-no=
start-page=263
end-page=270
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2012
dt-pub=201206
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=In Vitro Assessment of Factors Affecting the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of Ramos Cells Using Bio-phantoms
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=The roles of cell density, extracellular space, intracellular factors, and apoptosis induced by the molecularly targeted drug rituximab on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were investigated
using bio-phantoms. In these bio-phantoms, Ramos cells (a human Burkittｾs lymphoma cell line) were encapsulated in gellan gum. The ADC values decreased linearly with the increase in cell density, and declined steeply when the extracellular space became less than 4 μm. The analysis of ADC values after destruction of the cellular membrane by sonication indicated that approximately 65% of the ADC values of normal cells originate from the cell structures made of membranes and that the remaining 35% originate from intracellular components. Microparticles, defined as particles smaller than the normal cells, increased in number after rituximab treatments, migrated to the extracellular space and significantly decreased the ADC values of bio-phantoms during apoptosis. An in vitro study using bio-phantoms was conducted to quantitatively clarify the roles of cellular factors and of extracellular space in determining the ADC values yielded by tumor cells and the mechanism by which apoptosis changes those values.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=SasakiTakanori
en-aut-sei=Sasaki
en-aut-mei=Takanori
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KurodaMasahiro
en-aut-sei=Kuroda
en-aut-mei=Masahiro
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KatashimaKazunori
en-aut-sei=Katashima
en-aut-mei=Kazunori
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=

en-aut-name=AshidaMasakazu
en-aut-sei=Ashida
en-aut-mei=Masakazu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=

en-aut-name=MatsuzakiHidenobu
en-aut-sei=Matsuzaki
en-aut-mei=Hidenobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=

en-aut-name=AsaumiJunichi
en-aut-sei=Asaumi
en-aut-mei=Junichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=

en-aut-name=MurakamiJun
en-aut-sei=Murakami
en-aut-mei=Jun
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=

en-aut-name=OhnoSeiichiro
en-aut-sei=Ohno
en-aut-mei=Seiichiro
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KatoHirokazu
en-aut-sei=Kato
en-aut-mei=Hirokazu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=9
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KanazawaSusumu
en-aut-sei=Kanazawa
en-aut-mei=Susumu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=10
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=Departments of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine

affil-num=2
en-affil=
kn-affil=Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University

affil-num=3
en-affil=
kn-affil=Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine

affil-num=4
en-affil=
kn-affil=Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine

affil-num=5
en-affil=
kn-affil=Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine

affil-num=6
en-affil=
kn-affil=Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine

affil-num=7
en-affil=
kn-affil=Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine

affil-num=8
en-affil=
kn-affil=Central Division of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital

affil-num=9
en-affil=
kn-affil=Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University

affil-num=10
en-affil=
kn-affil=Departments of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine
en-keyword=apparent diffusion coefficient value
kn-keyword=apparent diffusion coefficient value
en-keyword=cell density
kn-keyword=cell density
en-keyword=extracellular space
kn-keyword=extracellular space
en-keyword=bio-phantom
kn-keyword=bio-phantom
END