Elsevier BVActa Medica Okayama0304-42383612026Far-red-enriched ultra-long-day conditions induce constitutive FT expression and rapid flowering in radish rootstocks, promoting graft-mediated floral induction in Brassicaceae crops114818ENKoMotokiGraduate School of Environmental, Life and Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityNamiKakitaSchool of agriculture, Okayama UniversityTanjuroGotoGraduate School of Environmental, Life and Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate School of Environmental, Life and Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityEfficient floral induction is essential for breeding and seed production in Brassicaceae crops, particularly for late-bolting cultivars and plant-vernalization–type species such as cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), which require substantial time and labor for artificial flower induction. A graft-mediated floral induction method was recently developed for cabbage, enabling flowering without vernalization treatment by grafting cabbage scions onto radish (Raphanus sativus L.) rootstocks. Although high expression of florigen gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in the rootstocks is a key determinant of success, environmental conditions capable of inducing strong FT expression in radish have remained unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a far-red-enriched ultra-long-day photoperiod (ULD-FR) markedly upregulates expression of radish FT homolog RsFTa and greatly enhances graft-mediated floral induction in cabbage. Under the ULD-FR condition, RsFTa expression remained constitutively high throughout the day, with daily transcript abundance increasing more than tenfold compared with standard high red/far-red (R/FR) ratio long-day conditions that employed fluorescent lamps. FT protein accumulation in cabbage scions grafted onto radish rootstocks was also strongly elevated, resulting in rapid flowering approximately 30 days after grafting. ULD-FR also promoted flowering in rapid-cycling Brassica rapa and B. oleracea accessions, and induced flowering in a vernalization-requiring R. sativus cultivar without low temperature treatment, suggesting that the response may be broadly conserved across Brassicaceae. Because ULD-FR can be implemented using standard lighting equipment by adding an FR light source, it presents potential utility as a versatile tool for breeding-related applications, including generation advancement and flowering synchronization among divergent accessions.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.American Society for Horticultural ScienceActa Medica Okayama0018-53456122026Interactive Effects of Maximum Daytime and Minimum Nighttime Temperatures on Spinach Growth and Physiological Characteristics444451ENNethoneSambaFaculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima UniversityHisaoAkasakaThe United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan; and Iwate Agricultural Research Center, Kenpoku Agricultural Research InstituteKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityTanjuroGotoGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityMinoriHikawa-EndoGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYokoMiyamaFaculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan; and The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate UniversityHigh temperatures restrict spinach growth, and the plant’s growth and physiological responses to heat remain poorly understood. It remains unclear whether high daytime or elevated nighttime temperatures have a more negative impact on spinach growth. In addition, the interaction effect of maximum daytime and minimum nighttime temperatures on spinach growth remains unknown. This study was conducted to address these issues. Spinach was grown in controlled environments under four temperature treatments: 30 and 20 °C (T30/20), 30 and 25 °C (T30/25), 35 and 20 °C (T35/20), and 35 and 25 °C (T35/25). These treatments represent the maximum daytime temperature and minimum nighttime temperature, respectively, and were maintained for 45 days. Plant growth characteristics were monitored, and the physiological responses to temperature regimes were assessed. The results show that compared with T30/20, dry matter production decreased by 15.4% with increased nighttime temperature (T30/25), decreased by 42.3% with increased daytime temperature (T35/20), and decreased by 57.7% when both daytime and nighttime temperatures were increased (T35/25). However, there was no statistically significant interaction effect (P > 0.05) between daytime maximum and nighttime minimum temperatures on plant biomass production variables. In comparison with T30/20, the T35/25 treatment increased significantly plant stomatal conductance, stomatal apertures, transpiration rate, and leaf temperature during heat waves. The T35/25 treatment also decreased the quantum efficiency in light compared with the other treatments. Plant biomass production did not improve with the T35/20 and T35/25 treatments, likely as a result of a decoupling of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance during heat waves. Overall, these results reveal that maximum daytime and minimum nighttime temperatures exert additive effects on spinach growth.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Japanese Society for Horticultural ScienceActa Medica Okayama2189-01029442025Effects of Intermittent Low-temperature Storage Duration and Cycle on the Bolting and Flowering of Delphinium elatum in Summer522529ENMikaKawaiGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityMiwaFukuyasuGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityYoshiyukiTanakaGraduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityYoshikuniKitamuraGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityTanjuroGotoGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityEarly-bolting in summer is a major problem when growing delphinium seedlings in summer to produce cut flowers that will be shipped in autumn and winter. In this study, an intermittent low-temperature storage (ILTS) treatment that induces flower bud differentiation in strawberry and prevents rosette formation in Eustoma significantly increased the Delphinium elatum cut flower length. Moreover, ILTS was as effective as growing seedlings under cool conditions at preventing early-bolting. We analyzed the effects of six ILTS treatments that differed regarding the treatment temperature (5 and 10°C) and treatment cycle (3 days/3 days, 6 days/6 days, and 12 days/12 days; ambient conditions/cool and dark). Cut flowers were significantly longer with the 6 days/6 days treatment at 10°C than for the control treatment. Furthermore, repeating the ILTS treatment cycle (6 days ambient conditions/6 days at 10°C) a total of four times produced high-quality cut flowers regardless of the cultivar. Therefore, this ILTS treatment may be ideal for preventing early-bolting in D. elatum.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Japanese Society for Horticultural ScienceActa Medica Okayama2189-01029412025Development of an AI-based Image Analysis System to Calculate the Visit Duration of a Green Blow Fly on a Strawberry Flower6472ENHirokiTaniguchiGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYukiTsukudaSchool of Agriculture Okayama UniversityKoMotokiGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityTanjuroGotoGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityPollinator insects are required to pollinate flowers in the production of some fruits and vegetables, and strawberries fall into this category. However, the function of pollinators has not been clarified by quantitative metrics such as the duration of pollinator visits needed by flowers. Due to the long activity time of pollinators (approximately 10-h), it is not easy to observe the visitation characteristics manually. Therefore, we developed software for evaluating pollinator performance using two types of artificial intelligence (AI), YOLOv4, which is an object detection AI, and VGG16, which is an image classifier AI. In this study, we used Phaenicia sericata Meigen (green blow fly) as the strawberry pollinator. The software program can automatically estimate the visit duration of a fly on a flower from video clips. First, the position of the flower is identified using YOLO, and the identified location is cropped. Next, the cropped image is classified by VGG16 to determine if the fly is on the flower. Finally, the results are saved in CSV and HTML format. The program processed 10 h of video (collected from 07:00 h to 17:00 h) taken under actual growing conditions to estimate the visit durations of flies on flowers. The recognition accuracy was approximately 97%, with an average difference of 550 s. The software was run on a small computer board (the Jetson Nano), indicating that it can easily be used without a complicated AI configuration. This means that the software can be used immediately by distributing pre-configured disk images. When the software was run on the Jetson Nano, it took approximately 11 min to estimate one day of 2-h video. It is therefore clear that the visit duration of a fly on a flower can be estimated much faster than by manually checking videos. Furthermore, this system can estimate the visit durations of pollinators to other flowers by changing the YOLO and VGG16 model files.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Japanese Society for Horticultural ScienceActa Medica Okayama2189-01029342024Elucidation of Low-temperature Regulated Flavone Synthesis in Dahlia Variabilis and its Effects on Flower Color335343ENEdnaK. MuthamiaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityKojiNaitoGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityHiromasaOkadaFaculty of Agriculture, Shinshu UniversityYukinoKarasawaFaculty of Agriculture, Shinshu UniversityTokuyuKikumuraFaculty of Agriculture, Shinshu UniversityTakuyaNaraFaculty of Agriculture, Shinshu UniversityYasunoriHamauzuFaculty of Agriculture, Shinshu UniversityKoMotokiGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYoshikuniKitamuraGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityTanjuroGotoGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityDahlia (Dahlia variabilis) flower colors are diverse and are determined by the accumulation of flavonoids. Cultivars with dark red flowers accumulate more anthocyanins in their petals. Flower color changes such as color fading often occur in some cultivars. In this study, low minimum temperature regulated flower color fading and flavonoid synthesis in dahlia ‘Nessho’ were investigated. The pigment contents and expression levels of flavonoid biosynthesis genes were investigated in detail under several growing environments in which color fading occurs. Flavones accumulate more in color-faded orange flowers than in dark red ray florets. The expression analysis of the anthocyanin synthesis pathway genes indicated that the upregulation of flavone synthase (DvFNS) gene expression correlated with the high accumulation of flavones in color-faded petals. DvFNS expression was also detected in young leaves, and the expression level was higher in winter than in summer. Seasonal changes in DvFNS expression in young leaves significantly correlated with color fading in petals. The change in DvFNS expression in young unexpanded leaves of relatively high-sensitive plants was significantly higher than that of low-sensitive plants before and after treatment under inductive conditions. In conclusion, low-temperature-inducible changes in the flavonoid accumulation in petals was suggested to reflect a change in DvFNS expression occurring in the meristem prior to flower bud formation. This temporal DvFNS expression in young unexpanded leaves of ‘Nessho’ dahlia could be an insight for the selection and breeding of non-color fading plants.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551132024Effect of seed cold PEG-priming and subsequent long storage on germination, growth and flowering of Eustoma grandiflorum（Raf.）Shinn ʻExe Lavenderʼ710ENThao ThuPhanGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityKeigoFukushimaHiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Technology Research CenterYoshiyukiTanakaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityTanjuroGotoGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityCold wet treatment is frequently applied to Eustoma seeds to enhance the bolting rate of plants grown under high temperatures. Our previous study indicated that cold PEG‒primed Eustoma seeds could maintain their germination rate and bolting rate even after being re‒dried for 30days and grown under high temperatures. The present study aimed to investigate whether prolonged storage after cold PEG‒priming affect the germination, growth, and flowering of Eustoma ‘Exe Lavender’ seedling. Seeds were initially cold‒primed with water or PEG‒6000 at ‒1.5 MPa for 5 weeks at 10°C in the dark and were then subjected to re‒drying and storage for 30, 60, 90 and 360days at 10°C. After 360days of storage, cold PEG‒primed seeds germinated earlier and more effectively than cold hydro‒primed seeds. Compared to the results after 30days of storage, plants grown from 360days exhibited similar bolting rate, days to bolting, bolting node and flowering rate, cut flower length and number of flower node. These results suggest that ‘Exe Lavender’ seeds can germinate and develop well even after 360days of storage and under high temperature conditions when subjected to cold PEG‒6000 treatment.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Japanese Society for Horticultural ScienceActa Medica Okayama2189-01029112022Fasciation in Strawberry Floral Organs and Possible Implications for Floral Transition5867ENNguyenThi CamGraduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama UniversityNaomichiSunagawaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama UniversityMihoSesumiGraduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama UniversityYoshikuniKitamuraGraduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama UniversityYoshiyukiTanakaGraduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityTanjuroGotoGraduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama UniversityKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama UniversityYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama UniversityFasciation in strawberry is characterized by an enlarged and flattened receptacle, clustering of flowers, and altered inflorescence architecture. However, the developmental process of fasciated flowers remains obscure. In this study, the fasciation incidence and developmental process in the primary fruit and inflorescence architecture were evaluated and compared for the non-susceptible cultivars, ‘Nyoho’ and ‘Sagahonoka’ and one of the most susceptible cultivars, ‘Ai-Berry’. The severity and frequency of flower and inflorescence fasciation was clearly greater in the vigorously growing large plants of ‘Ai-Berry’ compared to small plants and large plants of the other two cultivars. In ‘Ai-Berry’, the deformation of the large shoot apical meristem (SAM) into an oval shape was the initial symptom observed before and during floral transition. Such oval-shaped SAMs often differentiated two or more leaf primordia almost at the same time, which then developed into divided multiple vegetative SAMs before floral transition and linearly-fasciated SAMs during floral transition, respectively. The development of fasciation symptoms was observed after downregulation of FaTFL1. Although inflorescence or receptacle fasciation could be controlled when early and rapid floral induction was achieved by intermittent low-temperature treatment, severe fasciation was observed in late-flowered plants which were either not responsive or not subjected to this treatment. These results indicate that fasciation of floral organs may be triggered and develop during floral transition and that temperature fluctuations around boundary values between floral inhibition to induction may cause a half-finished or slowly processed floral transition and finally result in severe fasciation in vigorously growing ‘Ai-Berry’ plants.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551112022Effect of Re-Drying and Storage after 10°C Wet Treatment on Germination and Growth of Five Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn Cultivars16ENThao Thu PhanGraduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceKeigo FukushimaHiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Technology Research CenterYoshiyukiTanakaGraduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceTanjuroGotoGraduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceIn Eustoma (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn) cultivation in southwestern Japan, cold imbibition treatment of seeds is important to accelerate bolting and flowering of seedlings grown in the summer season. In order to facilitate the handling of cold imbibed seeds, re-drying treatment (RDT) after wet treatment at 10°C for 35 days in dark conditions (WT10°C) is considered to be an essential technique. The investigation of five Eustoma cultivars ‘Exe Lavender’, ‘Orb Snow’, ‘Philia Lavender’ , ‘Dure Lavender’ and ‘Exe Light Pink’ was to find the germinability and the growth characteristics of Eustoma when re-drying and storage at 10°C for 30 days were applied immedietely after ending the WT10°C. The results showed that germination and growth responses differed among Eustoma cultivars. RDT seeds and non- RDT seeds of ‘Exe Lavender’, ‘Orb Snow’ and ‘Philia Lavender’ had a similar germination rate. However, germination rate of RDT seeds in ‘Dure Lavender’ and ‘Exe Light Pink’ was lower than that of non-RDT seeds. There was no significant difference in cut-flower quality grown from RDT and non-RDT among ‘Exe Lavender’, ‘Orb Snow’ and ‘Dure Lavender’. However, bolting and flowering rate of RDT in ‘Dure Lavender’ and ‘Exe Light Pink’ were lower than those of non-RDT. This suggested that it might not be useful to apply RDT after the cold-wet treatment of Eustoma seed due to lower germination or bolting rates in some cultivars. Further investigation of cold-wet exposure and dehydrating conditions is required to establish RDT procedures for Eustoma cultivars.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.The Japanese Society for Horticultural ScienceActa Medica Okayama218901028912020Effect of Defoliation on Blossom-end Rot Incidence and Calcium Transport into Fruit of Tomato Cultivars Under Moderate Water Stress2229ENAnnah KhatenjeIndecheGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityTanjuroGotoGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYoshiyukiTanakaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityThe translocation of calcium (Ca) within the tomato plant and the causes of Ca deficiency, a factor associated with blossom-end rot (BER) in fruit, are still a matter of conjecture. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of defoliation on BER incidence and Ca transport into different size tomato fruit cultivars. Four experiments were conducted. The start and end dates for each experiment were; 14 March–2 May, 22 July–23 August, 30 August–7 October 2017, and 20 May–25 June 2018, for experiments 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Five tomato cultivars including one large (‘Momotaro fight (MF)’, ≥ 200 g), three medium (‘Lui 60 (L60)’, ‘Tio cook (TC)’, and ‘Cindy sweet (CS)’, 30–80 g), and one small (‘Pepe (PP)’, ≤ 20 g) fruit cultivars, respectively, were grown under moderate water stress controlled by a combination of root zone restriction and solar mediated fertigation. Leaf area of plants was reduced by 20–30% by removing alternate leaflets on all leaves. Defoliation significantly reduced BER in all experiments. In experiment 4, no BER was observed in defoliated plants of L60 and PP, and in MF and TC, BER incidence decreased to a quarter of the control. Defoliation increased the fruit growth rate (FGR) in experiment 1, in which the temperature was the lowest, by a ratio of 1.42 and by 1.39 in experiment 4, in which the radiation was strongest and day length longest. Defoliation increased the rate of daily Ca transport into fruit (CTR) in MF, L60, TC, CS, and PP by average ratios of 1.64, 1.55, 1.35, 1.30, and 1.13, respectively. The increase in CTR in defoliated plants was highest in experiment 4 with a ratio of 1.68 followed by 1.37, 1.33, and 1.28 in experiments 1, 3, and 2, respectively. Defoliation increased both FGR and CTR and there were significant linear relationships between them. However, the degree of increase was larger in CTR than that in FGR, especially in the BER-sensitive large fruit cultivar MF, and defoliation increased the total Ca concentration in fruit accordingly. We conclude that under moderate water stress by root zone restriction and certain other BER inductive conditions, defoliation could be a promising approach to reduce BER incidence by improving Ca nutrition in susceptible large fruit cultivars.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551092020Defoliating to 12-15 leaves increases calcium concentration and decreases blossom-end rot incidence in fruit of tomato plant grown under moderate water stress2127ENAnnah Khatenje IndecheGraduate school of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYuichiYoshidaGraduate school of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityDaisukeMiyajiField Science CenterTanjuroGotoGraduate school of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate school of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYoshiyukiTanakaGraduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the optimum number of whole leaves to retain on a tomato plant for effective blossom-end rot (BER) management and (ii) explore the relationship between shoot calcium (Ca) and fruit Ca in non-defoliated plants in two different sized fruit cultivars, a large-fruited cultivar ‘Momotaro fight’ and a medium-fruited cultivar ‘Cindy sweet’. Treatments involved maintaining 18, 15 and 12 leaves on a plant. All lateral shoots were removed regularly throughout the growing period except the shoot closest to the flowering truss in the 18-leaf treatment. At the length of 10cm, these shoots were sampled for real time Ca determination using a hand held Ca2+ meter. In the plants defoliated to 18 leaves, BER was higher in ‘Momotaro fight’ at 10% compared to 2% in ‘Cindy sweet’. Fruit growth rate was significantly increased by defoliation in ‘Momotaro fight’, however no significant difference was observed among treatments in ‘Cindy sweet’. Defoliating to 12 leaves increased daily Ca transport rate by 59% and 37% in ‘Momotaro fight’ and ‘Cindy sweet’, respectively. Defoliating to 12 leaves increased the water-soluble Ca concentration in the distal part of fruit by 34% and 14% in ‘Momotaro fight’ and ‘Cindy sweet’, respectively. In the plants defoliated to 18 leaves where only old yellowish leaves were removed, a significant steady decrease was observed in the concentration of water soluble Ca in the distal part of fruit with increase in truss order. There was a significant linear relationship between water-soluble Ca concentration in the distal part of the fruit and Ca concentration in the lateral shoot of plants defoliated to 18 leaves. We conclude that under moderate water stress by root zone restriction and also certain other BER inductive conditions, defoliation to 12–15 leaves on a tomato plant should be a promising approach for decreasing BER incidence in susceptible large fruit cultivars.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551082019B（ホウ素）欠乏処理がイチゴのチップバーンおよび受精不良果発生に及ぼす影響513ENMihoSesumiGraduate school of Environmental and Life ScienceYuichiYoshidaGraduate school of Environmental and Life ScienceAkariKinjoGraduate school of Environmental and Life ScienceKeiHidakaAsahi Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.)TanjuroGotoGraduate school of Environmental and Life ScienceKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate school of Environmental and Life ScienceYoshiyukiTanakaGraduate school of Environmental and Life ScienceBoron (B) is an essential micro element for plants and plays important roles in the synthesis and functions of cell wall. B deficiency has been reported as one of the causes of fruit malformation in strawberries. We investigated the effect of B deficiency on flower and fruit development of forced strawberries for two cropping seasons (2015-2017). In the second season, B was resupplied for B-deficient plants and we investigated changes in fruit development. When B-free nutrient solutions were supplied, tip burn began to occur in newly emerging leaves and calyx 2 to 3 months later, and fruit malformation including seedy or only partly developed fruits with undeveloped achenes occurred frequently. However, these deficient symptoms were quickly disappeared by supplying B containing nutrient solutions. In conclusion, B nutrition is closely related to the occurrence of fruit malformation through fertility of pollen and pistils, and also development of receptacle tissue in strawberries. It should be possible to reduce fruit malformation in strawberries by proper control of B nutrition.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551062017Variations in capsaicinoid contents in the chili pepper (Capsicum baccatum) and its non-pungent accessions2732ENYoshiyukiTanakaGraduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama UniversityMotohitoHaraGraduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama UniversityTanjuroGotoGraduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama UniversityYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama UniversityKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama UniversityThe chili pepper (Capsicum) is both an important spice and fresh vegetable worldwide. C. baccatum is a lesser known domesticated species that is native to the Andean region. Fruit traits such as color, shape, and pungency markedly vary in this species. C. baccatum has potential as a bioresource for future chili pepper breeding programs. Although extensive studies have been conducted on the pungency of C. annuum, that of C. baccatum has not been examined in as much detail. In the present study, capsaicinoid contents were analyzed in 36 C. baccatum accessions. Capsaicinoid contents ranged between 0 and 4,258 μg/gDW. Furthermore, a negative relationship was observed between capsaicinoid contents and fruit weights. Although the pungency of C. baccatum is regarded as low-mild, very few non-pungent accessions were detected ; only one non-pungent accession (‘Kaleidoscope’) was identified among the C. baccatum accessions examined. In order to validate the stability of non-pungency in the accession, capsaicinoid contents were determined at different harvest dates, along with other accessions with different pungencies. Although capsaicinoid contents in other C. baccatum accessions changed with the picking date, capsaicinoid was not detected in ‘Kaleidoscope’ at any date. The non-pungent accession reported here may be useful for future C. baccatum pepper breeding programs.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551062017処理開始時期がトレイ育苗したイチゴ‘女峰’に対する 間欠冷蔵処理の効果発現に及ぼす影響2125ENAkariKinjoaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityAtsushiHanadaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama UniversityTanjuroGotoGraduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama UniversityKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama UniversityYoshiyukiTanakaGraduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama UniversityAtsukoYoshidaNozomi Farm Co. Intermittent low temperature storage is expected to be a new artificial flower-inducing treatment and becoming to be a practical procedure as it does not require expensive equipment or much energy cost. Tray-grown ‘Nyoho’ plants were placed in a refrigerator (15°C, in the dark) for 3 days and then transferred to a further outdoor shelter for 3 days. Plants were transferred at noon and this cycle was repeated twice (3D/3D). Such 3D/3D treatments were begun on August 22, 25, 28, 31, and September 3and the effectiveness on flowering was determined for 2 years. Both in 2012 and 2013, treatments begun before August 28 were less effective compared to the treatments begun on August 28 or later. Continuous 6 days of 15°C storage (6D) was effective to some extent, but 6D from August 25 was apparently less effective compared to those begun later. Both in intermittent and continuous treatments for ‘Nyoho’, it was confirmed that any flower-inducing effect became relatively small and unstable when the treatments were begun before 28 August in Okayama.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センターActa Medica Okayama0910-8742372015間欠冷蔵処理回数がイチゴ‘女峰’の開花に及ぼす影響1720ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センターActa Medica Okayama0910-8742372015挿し苗時期，苗の大きさとクラウンの深さがイチゴ‘さちのか’ の花芽分化と開花に及ぼす影響916ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551032014養液栽培イチゴの生育・収量と果実発育に及ぼすカリウム栄養の影響1119ENYuichiYoshidaToshimasaOhmoriTanjuroGotoYoshiyukiTanakaKenjiMurakami Effect of K nutrition on sugar and organic acid concentration in fruit and yield of strawberry
cultivars (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.; Nyoho, Toyonoka, Sachinoka, Asukarubi, Akihime, Tochiotome,
and Sagahonoka) was investigated. Nutrient solution (NO3 8, NH4 1, P 1, K 4, Ca 2, Mg 1, SO4 1 ; mM)
was modified to contain 0 to 4mM of K by replacing K with Ca and supplied from the beginning of
flowering. K in the drainage decreased to a trace level 3 weeks after the beginning of treatment except
for 4mM‒K solution. Absorption of NO3 apparently decreased in plants supplied 0mM‒K solution, but
little difference was observed among the other 3 solutions. K concentration in petiole decreased linearly
with decrease in K concentration in solutions, but there was little difference between the concentrations
of leaflet of plants supplied with 4 and 2mM‒K solutions. No difference was observed in concentrations
of sugars and organic acids in fruit in primary inflorescence. In the second inflorescence, organic acids
and K concentration in fruit linearly decreased with decrease in K in supplied solutions while sugar
concentration of fruit decreased significantly only in plants supplied 0mM‒K solution. When 0.5 to
4mM‒K solutions were supplied from 2 weeks after planting, marketable fruit yield was smallest in
plants supplied 0.5mM‒K solution followed, by that supplied 1mM‒K solution, and largest in that
supplied with 2mM‒K solution. Almost all K supplied with 2mM‒K solution was absorbed by
strawberry plants and no difference was observed in quality and K concentration of fruit, yield and plant
growth between the plants supplied with 2 and 4mM‒K solutions. It may be suitable to reduce the
concentration of K in nutrient solution by half for substrate production of strawberry.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551022013防蛾用黄色LED光がキクの開花反応に及ぼす影響3541ENSatoshiIshikuraShinjiKajiharaKeigoFukushimaTanjuroGotoIn order to develop a single light source which can be used both for moth control and flower inhibition in chrysanthemum, effects of blue (463nm), green (519nm), yellow green (576nm), yellow (597nm) and red light (646nm) LEDs on the flowering and the cut flower characteristics of chrysanthemum were investigated. As irradiance increased, the days to flower budding increased except under blue light. Yellow green and yellow LED had flower inhibiting effect equivalent to red LED. There was no difference in the crown bud number and the occurrence of abnormal flower irrespective of the light quality and irradiance. Next the, effects of night break and continuous lighting treatment by yellow LED on the flowering and cut flower characteristics of the chrysanthemum were investigated. There were significant differences in the cut flower characteristics except for the blade number on the neck in these treatments ; there was no practical problem with night break or continuous lighting. The minimum irradiance strength enough for flower inhibition in the continuous lighting treatment was about 80 mW m−2 that was half in night break treatment. Therefore, it is considered that yellow LED can be used as single light source for both moth control and flower inhibition in chrysanthemum.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551022013日長，補光強度，遮光時期および最低夜温がシュッコンカスミソウ ‘アルタイル’の形態異常花序発生に及ぼす影響2934ENNorihitoYamaguchiTanjuroGotoKayokoKobikiShokoOtaniYuichiYoshidaAs occurrence of abnormal inflorescence in Gypsophila paniculata ‘Altair’ is caused by environmental conditions, effects of day length, supplemental lighting strength, shading period and minimum night temperature on occurrence of abnormal inflorescence were investigated. Abnormal inflorescence was classified into four types : normal, pattern 1 (Short-flower stalk), pattern 2 (Coalescent two-flower stalk) and pattern 3 (Looping and irregular-flower stalk). Neither of 12h, 16h, 20h or 24h day length by fluorescent lamp, nor 24h by incandescent lamp affected occurrence of abnormal inflorescence. Effects of four levels of light intensity (fluorescent lamp : PPFD 1μmol・m−2・s−1, incandescent lamp : PPFD 3μmol・m−2・s−1, metal halide lamp : PPFD 14μmol・m−2・s−1 and high-pressure sodium lamp : PPFD 48μmol・m−2・s−1) were examined in 16h photoperiod. Occurrence of abnormal inflorescence was not affected by different light intensities, neither was it affected by shading period. Occurrence of abnormal inflorescence at 15°C was however significantly reduced compared to that at 8°C. In particular, patterns 2 and 3 at 15°C were significantly reduced compared to those at 8°C. There was a strong negative correlation between average night temperature from starting the treatment to flower budding (7.1°C, 9.0°C, 9.2°C, 11.6°C and 16.4°C) and incidence of pattern 3 (13.1%, 8.7%, 7.1%, 1.1% and 0.7%). Therefore, as average night temperature increased, occurrence of abnormal inflorescence decreased. The results show that low night temperature may be the main factor inducing occurrence of abnormal inflorescence.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551022013培養液中Ca濃度が根域制限栽培したトマト果実の 水溶性Ca濃度と尻腐れ果発生に及ぼす影響2128ENYuichiYoshidaAyaShingaiMitsuoOoyamaKenjiMurakamiTanjuroGotoThe rate of absorbed Ca to N was less than half of Enshi or Hoagland solution in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) grown with restricted root zone volume in previous experiments. Tomato plants were grown in plastic pots containing 250 or 500ml of peat based medium with modified Enshi solutions containing 1, 2 or 4mM of Ca. The solutions were prepared by replacing a part of Ca(NO3)2・4H2O to NH4NO3. Although Ca concentration was higher than 2mM in drainage collected from plants supplied 1mM Ca solution, absorbed amount of Ca was very small and severe symptom of Ca deficiency was observed. Incidence of blossom-end rot (BER) increased with decrease in Ca concentration of the solution and yield decreased to 50% and 36% of 4mM control, in 2mM and 1mM plots, respectively. Among fractionated Ca in stem of lateral shoot, decrease in water-soluble fraction was remarkable compared to 1N NaCl- or 0.6N HCl-soluble fractions. Tomato plants were then grown with modified solutions containing 1~4mM of Ca and fractionated Ca was determined for distal half of fruits. With decrease in solution Ca, fruit Ca decreased in all fractions, and days to BER incidence after flowering also decreased. Significant relationship was found only between the water-soluble Ca concentration in fruit tissue and rate of BER incidence. Thus water-soluble Ca in tomato fruit may closely relate to BER incidence, and an efficient tool to estimate the potential risk of BER may possibly be developed by determining the Ca fraction in the stem of lateral shoots.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551022013培養液濃度と施用量が高CO2濃度条件下で育てたイチゴ‘さがほのか’の生育・収量と果実品質に及ぼす影響1520ENDaichiInazumiYuichiYoshidaTanjuroGotoKenjiMurakamiThe effects of supplied amount and strength of nutrient solution were investigated for strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch. cv. Saga-honoka) grown with peat bags in elevated CO2 environment (800-2500 ppm in the day time, November 4 to April 7). Three strengths (L : low-80%, M : standard-100% and H : high-120%) of nutrient solution (N : 8.85, P : 0.85, K : 3.90, Ca : 2.05, Mg : 0.93 mM ; half strength of Ohtsuka A solution) were compared. Around 20% of discharged rate (discharged/supplied amount of nutrient solution) was kept for these 3 plots and 30 to 40% of the rate was kept for additional plot of 80%-solution (L2) by altering the supplied amount of 80%-solution. As almost no nitrate could be detected in drainage of L, nutrient supply was probably insufficient throughout the experiment. Total amount of nitrogen supply was lower than the other 3 plots and leaf area was the smallest after December. Although there was no significant difference in yield and fruit quality, the rate of tip burn affected flowers was lowest in L2 and highest in H. Thus, around 30-40% of drainage rate and 50-60 mS・m−1 of drainage EC may be desirable target values for ‘Saga-honoka’ strawberry grown with peat based substrate.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551012012気温および地温がキク‘精興の誠’の黄斑発生に及ぼす影響3337ENTanjuroGotoNorihitoYamaguchiShinoFujitaRyosukeYotsuyaLeaf-yellow-spot, a physiological abnormality occurring in leaves of several chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum x morifolium) cultivars is a very serious production problem in Japan. High temperature or high irradiation are possible physiological factors, which may lead to leaf-yellow-spot. In the present study, effects of air or medium temperature on the occurrence of leaf-yellow-spot in 'Seikou-nomakoto' were investigated. The nodal position with spotted leaves and rate of leaf-yellow-spot increased
with increasing day/night temperature. The nodal position with spotted leaves and rate of leaf-yellow-spot of plants grown on 30°C night air temperature were smaller than those grown on 25°C or ambient night air temperature. The days to first occurrence of leaf-yellow-spot showed no differences among medium temperatures. As occurrence of leaf-yellow-spot was not affected by root zone temperature, we recognized that occurrence of leaf-yellow-spot was promoted by high temperature or solar radiation on shoot, especially leaf. Occurrence of leaf-yellow-spot was reduced by long period high temperature and/or high solar radiation as plant growth reduced. Therefore, we thought that occurrence of leaf-yellow-spot was promoted by environmental condition as plant growth would promote.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-0254 1002011スプレーカーネーションの灌水同時施肥栽培における 栽植方式が収量および切り花品質に及ぼす影響3137ENTanjuroGotoMayumiIshiiKazukiFujiwaraEffects of three planting patterns; two-row-planting high density (25 plants·m(-2)), two-row-planting low density (12.5 plants·m(-2)), and four-row-planting (25 plants·m(-2)) on the cut flower number and quality of spray carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cv. ‘Barbara’ and ‘Cherry Tessino’ grown by fertigation cultivation were investigated. In ‘Barbara’, there was no difference in total cut flower number between two-row-planting high density and four-row-planting. Total cut flower number of two-row-planting low density decreased to 60% of two-row-planting high density or four-row-planting. In ‘Cherry Tessino’, the total cut flower number of two-row-planting high density was 15% more than that of four-row-planting. The total cut flower number of two-row-planting low density decreased to 60~70% of two-row-planting high density or four-row-planting. There was no difference in cut flower quality between two-row-planting high density and four-row-planting in both cultivars. Cut flower weight and stem diameter of two-row-planting low density increased compared to those of two-row-planting high density or four-row-planting. Thus, the result indicates that two-row-planting high density may be suitable for fertigation cultivation in carnation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-0254 1002011種子のロットおよび採種時期がブプレウルムの 生育，開花および切り花形質に及ぼす影響2529ENTanjuroGotoMayumiIshiiKazukiFujiwaraEffects of seed lots (No. 021793, 025090, 026247, 027668) and seed production time on growth, flowering and cut flower quality in Bupleurum rotundifolium L. were investigated. The rate of germination was different depending on the seed lots, 021793 was lowest, and 026247 was highest. Days to visible bud and flowering were the shortest at 025090, and longest at 026247. The rate of germination of seed harvested on home seed-raising was different for seed production time. Seed harvested during high temperature
period from the middle of June to the beginning of July showed remarkably high rate of germination.
While plants grown by seed harvested during high temperature period remarkably delayed flowering and had low cut flower quality, plants grown on seed harvested during low temperature period enhanced flowering and had high cut flower quality. There was a little difference in parental line. It was thought that seed production time was affected by the environmental conditions during seed production time than by the seed lot.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-0254 1002011ピート栽培における培地量と給液制御方法がイチゴの生育と 収量に及ぼす影響1723ENYuichiYoshidaYasuhisaHiroseYukariMorimotoTanjuroGotoEffects of root-zone volume and fertigation frequency on 4 cultivars of substrate-grown strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch., ‘Nyoho’, ‘Asukarubi’, ‘Akihime’ and ‘Tochiotome’) were investigated. Fertigation frequency had no significant effect on growth and yield of strawberry even in the minimum root-zone volume of 0.6L/plant. Total yield, mean berry weight, and root dry weight at end of harvest decreased with decrease in volume, but no significant difference was observed in number of harvested berries and subsequent growth of runners and daughter plants. In the yield and root growth, there were large differences between peat bags (2.25L/plant) and bowl-shaped containers (0.6-1.5L/plant), and highly significant non-linear regressions between the two parameters and the root-zone volume. The differences may be caused by factors other than the volume, such as the shape of root-zone and edge of containers or drain property, and so on.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センターActa Medica Okayama0910-8742322010培養液濃度が根域制限−日射比例給液栽培トマトの生育・収量と果実品質に及ぼす影響1519ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センターActa Medica Okayama0910-8742322010根域制限栽培におけるトマト品種の生育・収量と果実品質914ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-0254 9912010給液濃度がかん水同時施肥法で栽培したスプレーカーネーションの切り花収量と品質および時期別養分吸収特性に及ぼす影響5562ENMasahitoYamanakaTanjuroGotoKinoeOgawaAkiraUdaToyomichiIwaiEffects of nutrient solution concentration on cut flower yield, quality and characteristics of seasonal nutrient absorption of spray carnation ‘Barbara’ grown by cultivation in drip fertigation were investigated.
'Barbara' was grown with a nutrient solution (N:15%, P:6.5%, K:12.5%, Ca:3.6%, Mg:0.9%), at three concentration levels which were high concentration (1,000 times), middle concentration (1,500 times) and low concentration (3,000 times). The daily amount of nutrient solution was ranged from 0.0mm to 13.9mm. The total cut flower yield of middle concentration and high concentration were bigger than that of low concentration. The weight of the second cut flower of low concentration was decreased as compared to that of middle concentration and high concentration. Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) in the plant nutrient ratio were decreased as the increase of dry matter and phosphorus
(P) was increased at autumn and spring. With a reduction in the soil nutrient contents, Nitrogen and potassium in the plant nutrient ratio of low concentration were decreased. Nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil nutrient contents of high concentration were increased at the end of cultivation. In the total nutrient absorbed amount of middle concentration, 2,807.9 mg nitrogen, 493.5 mg phosphorus, 3,667.4 mg potassium, 1,615.8 mg calcium (Ca) and 320.9 mg magnesium (Mg) were absorbed per plant. In spring, the ratio of nitrogen absorbed amount to nutrients absorbed amount was increased 1.3 times. Phosphorus ratio and phosphorus absorbed amount in spray carnation were fewer than that of standard carnation. There were no differences in total nitrogen, potassium, calcium and magnesium absorption between spray carnation and standard carnation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-0254 9812009頭上灌水と底面灌水の組み合わせが熱融着性ポリエステル繊維固化
ポットレス培地で育てた花壇苗の生育に及ぼす影響1722ENYujiOohashiTanjuroGotoNozomiShimizuYasushiKomaTeruhisaMorishitaKazunoriFujiiKohjiShimaThe effects of irrigation methods on several bedding plants without polyethylene pots using compacted
polyester fiber medium hardened by heat fusion were investigated. The characteristics of overhead
irrigation with a tray collecting runoff water (combination of overhead irrigation and subirrigation)
were investigated at the same time. Irrigation usage (the amount of water supplied per pot / amount of irrigation water) with a combination of overhead irrigation and subirrigation was improved compared to overhead irrigation alone. The growth of garden type Cyclamen grown under a combination of both overhead irrigation and subirrigation was significantly greater than that grown in either wick irrigation, ebb & flow irrigation or overhead irrigation. Notably, smaller growth was achiered in garden type cyclamen grown with overhead irrigation. The growth of Vinca grown in a combination of overhead irrigation and subirrigation was significantly greater than that grown with overhead irrigation alone. The irrigation amount had no effect on the growth of Vinca regardless of irrigation method. The growth of Petunia was greater with increased amounts of irrigation water. However, the growth of Pansy grown under overhead irrigation was significantly greater than that grown in a combination of overhead
irrigation and subirrigation. These results suggest that a combination of overhead irrigation and subirrigation method in bedding plant production without polyethylene pots is generally suitable since the plants grow without drought stress. However, it may be suggested that the amount of irrigation water should be as low as possible in the winter season or with sensitive species in order to prevent waterlogging injury.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-0254 9712008培地の形状，施肥方法，栽植密度が熱融着性ポリエステル繊維固化ポットレス培地で育てたパンジーの生育に及ぼす影響6167ENTanjuroGotoYujiOohashiNozomiShimizuTeruhisaMorisitaKazunoriFujiiJunyaIshikawaKohjiShimaTo develop bedding plant production system without polyethylene pots (PP), problems that may be
encountered with compacted medium hardened by heat fusion polyester fiber were investigated. Effects
of medium shape, fertilization methods and plant density on the growth of pansy in medium without
PP were investigated. To improve water usage on compacted medium, a watering space (6×6×depth
3cm) was made on the upper part of the compacted medium (9×9×depth 9cm). In the early stages of
the experiment the amount of water supplied per pot (weight after irrigation-weight before irrigation)
of medium with water space was 10–25% greater than that of medium without a water space. However,
from the mid to late stages of the experiment, the difference gradually declined. The amount of water
supplied per pot was similar between with and without water space especially on cloudy or rainy days.
The growth of pansies on medium without PP was remarkably greater with water space than without
water space. On 10g/liter basal fertilizer treatment, pansies had severe symptoms of fertilizer damage.
The growth of pansy on 10g/liter basal fertilizer was inhibited compared to that of 5g/liter basal fertilizer.
Spacing treatment was conducted whenever plant density was half. Height of pansy grown with
spacing treatment was significantly lower than that without spacing treatment. PP had no effects on
growth when pansy was grown without spacing treatment. However, when pansy was grown with spacing
treatment, pansy grown without PP had significantly greater growth than with PP. Algal growth on
the medium increased with increasing irrigation rate or nutrient rate. Combination of spacing treatment
and medium without PP decreased the rate of algal growth on medium.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-02548411995蔬菜園芸学から花卉園芸学へ7780ENTanjuroGotoIn order to establish a forcing culture system for asparagus using one-year-old crowns, the influences of cultivar, seed germination, crown size, soil temperature, male and female plants and the period of cold storage in relation to the date of bud sprouting and yield of spears were investigated. 'Hidel' spear yield was the highest among the five clutivars examined. Seed germination with sulphuric acid or polyethylene glycol treatment was rapid. The difference between yield from big crowns (mean weight:800g) and medium crowns (600g) was not significant;however,small crowns(400g) were not suitable for forced culture. The ratio of unmarketable spears was higher at a soil temperature of 25℃ than 20℃. Neither the ratio of the total number of spears to crown weight nor of spear yield to crown weight was significantly different between male and female plants. The number and yield of spears were not significantly affected by the length of the crown storage periods.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-02548511996スターチス・シヌアータの挿し芽苗による促成栽培3137ENTanjuroGotoChieYamatoYoshihiroKageyamaKuniyoshiKonishiWith the aim of preventing devernalization of statice (Limonium sinuatum Mill.) during summer in order to force the production of cut flowers harvestable from autumn, plants of cvs. 'La Mer' and 'Sunday Pink' were propagated by cuttings in late spring to late summer. Flowering stock plants were cut back thoroughtly, and after 15 days newly emerged vegetative buds were divided individually and rooted under intermittent mist. The rooted cuttings were planted in plastic pots and raised for 30 days followed by transplanting into wooden containers (36×60×D 18cm), 5 plants a container. During the two month's period after propagation, all emerging flower stalks were removed to allow a vigorous vegetative growth of plants. Plants propagated on 16 May, 15 June and 15 July, produced cut flowers starting from October, unlike those that were propagated on 14 August which did not flower until December. However, cut flowers of higher quality were mainly obtained from those plants that were propagated on 15 July. In addition, when the young propagated on 15 July were raised in the open field and under trees or in a cool house system, starting from October they produced more cut flowers that were of even higher quality than those raised in a plastic house. Only the plants that received water stress treatment during the potting stage flowered from November. There, from this forcing culture using cutting plants, marketable cut flowers of statice can be obtained from October without the usual requirement of low/cool temperature treatment.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-02548611997根域容量がシュクコンカスミソウ、カーネーションおよびキクの主枝と側枝の生長に及ぼす影響4349ENTanjuroGotoYoshihiroKageyamaKuniyoshiKonishiThe effect of root zone volume on the growth of main and lateral shoot were studied for Gypsophila paniclulate L.,Dianthus caryophyllus L.and Dendranthema grandiflora Kitamura.Cell trays of four cell sizes(cell volume;6,12,21,63cm3)were used.One cutting was planted in each cell,and after rooting the experiments were srarted.At the same time twelve cuttings of each species rooted in 12cm3 cell were transplanted into wooden containers(38880cm3)for control.Ten days after the start of the experiments,half of the plants were pinched to investigate the growth of lateral shoots.In all the three spieces,the stem length was significantly increased with the increasing root zone volume.In Gypsophila this effect was observed after only 10 days,as compared with after 20 days in Dianthus and Dendranthema. The leaf area was highest for plants grown in the wooden container(control).Growing in small cells significiantly reduced the shoot and root dry weight.However,the root zone volume had little effect on the root :shoot ratio.The total number of lateral shoots,node number and total fresh weight were significantly increased with increases in root zone volume.In Dendranthema the lateral shoots had a srong tendency to elongate from almost all nedes even in the smallest root zone volume of 6cm3.In Gypsophila and Dianthus,the number of lateral shoots increased significantly with increases in the root zone volume.The strongest effect of root zone volume on main and lateral shoot growth was observed in Gypsophila.The results showed that in all the species,a root zone volume of 12~21cm3 was optimal for transplant production using cell trays.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-02548711998セル成型苗の低温貯蔵期間および温度がキク，シュッコンカスミソウおよびカーネーションの移植後の初期生育に及ぼす影響141148ENTanjuroGotoKeishiMasaokaYoshihiroKageyamaKuniyoshiKonishiExperiments were conducted to determine the effects of cold storage duration and temperature of transplants in cell flat on the initial growth of Dendranthema grandiflora Kitamura, Gypsophila paniculata L. and Dianthus caryophyllus L. Cuttings were grown in 220 cell trays (cell volume 12 ml). The 14 days old transplants of Dendranthema and 20 days old Gypsophila and Dianthus were stored for 0,10,20 and 30 days at 1℃ and 10℃ under dark conditions. After storage the plants were transplanted into wooden containers and harvested 30 days after transplanting. In Dendranthema, the growth during the 30 days after transplant decreased with increasing storage duration. After 30 days from transplant, the increasing rate of plastchlon index of transplants stored for 30 days at 1℃ decreased compared with those stored at 10℃. IN Gypsophila, node number and stem length increased during storage at 10℃, but not at 1℃. When stored for 30 days at 10℃, the lower leaves of transplants were dead and the transplants were excessively elongated. After 30 days from transplant, the survival rate of transplants stored for 30 days at 1℃ and 10℃ was 90% and 50%, respectively. In Dianthus, node nunber and stem length of transplants stored at 10℃ increased with increasing storage duration. After 30 days from transplant, the lateral shoot number of transplants stored for 20 and 30 days at 1℃ decreased. Compared with Dendranthema and Dianthus, the growth after transplanting of Gypsophila was considerrably affected by cold storage duration and temperature. Dendranthema and Dianthus could be stored successfully for 30 days at 1℃ and 10℃ under darkness, and Gypsophila for 20 days at 1℃ and 10℃. In all the species, when stored for 30 days at 1℃, growth after transplanting stopped temporarily and a time lag was observed for several days until the growth was restarted.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-02548811999セル苗育苗におけるセル容量および移植時苗齢がキンギョソウの移植後の生長と開花ならびにストックの移植後の初期生長に及ぼす影響4755ENTanjuroGotoYoshihiroKageyamaKuniyoshiKonishiEffects of Cell Volume and Transplant Age in Cell Flat on Growth and Flowering after Transplanting in Antirrhinum majus L.cv.Mangetsu and initial growth after transplanting in Matthiola incana R.Br.cv.White Dorse were studied.Seeds were sownin flats of two cell sizes (cylinders,448 and 220;volume6,12ml,respectively).At the same time each species were directly sown into wooden containers(38880ml).
The plants in cells were transplanted 32,37,42,47,52days old after sowing in A.majus and 18,25,32,39days old in M.incana.
The plants having formed root-balls could be found at 42 days and 47days after sowing in cell volume of 6ml and 12ml
respectively in A.majus.,and at 25days and 32days after sowing in cell volume of 6ml and 12ml respectively in M.incana.In both species shoot dry weight,root dry weight,stem length,node number and total leaf area were increaced with increaces in cell volume or transplant age.In A.majus flowering was delayed with increases in transplant age,especially in cell volume of 6ml.Cut flower quality suffered markedly with increaces in transplant age.
Node number was affected by cell volume but not by transplant age.In M.incana the growth 4weeks after transplanting of plants grown for 25days in cell volume of 12ml showed little difference compared with that of plants grown in the wooden container.
The results showed that for cell transplant production in both species,transplanting before 10days formde root-balls using cell volume of 12ml was optimal.Our investigation suggests that the suitable transplant age for work efficiency of transplanting may differ considerably from that for plant growth in both species.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-02549212003セル培地に必要な散水量と植物体の大きさの関係2730ENTanjuroGotoYuichiYoshidaIn order to clarify the problems with overhead irrigation systems for cell transplant production, uniformity of water supply by a boom spraying system was investigated. Furthermore, uneven water soaking into individual cell medium caused by plant cover growing in such cells was investigated. The amount of water supply from a boom spraying system varied considerable with the arrangement of the nozzles. Although a larger number of nozzles was set on the boom, the maximum amount of supplied water in the central part of the boom was about twice as much as that at each end of the boom. When no plant was grown in the cells, uniform water supply to individual cell mudium was obtained by a downright sprinkler system. However, when stock (Matthiola incana R. Br.) plants were grown in cells, variation in the amount of water soaking into the medium increased noticeably with increase in the plant size growing in the cells and with a decrease in the amount of supplied water. Plant covers with overlapped leaves may disturb the uniformity in the amount of water soaked into individual cell medium. As twice the water consumption may be required for uniform water supply into individual cell medium with an overhead irrigation system, a subirrigation system may be desirable for economical and ecological automatic irrigation to produce cell transplants on a large scale.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-02549312004スプレーギクのベンチ栽培における季節別の水消費特性3337ENKohjiShimaTanjuroGotoYoshihiroKageyamaChanges in water consumption (WC) from planning to harvest of spray chrysanthemum in bench culture were measured all the year round and the relationship between WC and environmental factors(solar radiation;SR and air temperature;AT) and leaf area (LA) were analyzed. Seasonal change in total water consumption (TWC) and average water consumption per day were about 4 and 5 fold, respectivily. WC tended to increase with increasing growth. When the yearly data were pooled, WC was positively corrected with SR and LA. The regression line between WC (y: ml/shoot/day), SR(x1: MJ/m2/day) and LA (x2: cm2/shoot) was expressed as follows;y=14.44x1 + 0.13x2 - 114.55(R2=0.77). Moreover, LA was expressed by two lines at 2 weeks after visible bud in each planting time. Thus, it seems that seasonal TWC and apparent concentration nutrient absorption can be estimated from these regression lines and the common year value of SR.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-0254 9612007Effect of Nutrient Levels and Mineral Composition on the
Occurrence of Yellow-leaf-spot in Chrysanthemum4348ENAkinoriOkiTanjuroGotoKaoriNagasugaAtsushiYamasaki Yellow-leaf-spot, a physiological abnormality occurring in leaves of several chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum ×morifolium) cultivars harvested from September to October, is a very serious problem in Japan, of which causes have not been well established. Water stress, high temperature, high irradiation or nutrient stresses are possible physiological factors which may lead to yellow-leaf-spot. In the present study, effects of nutrient levels and mineral composition on the occurrence of yellow-leaf-spot were investigated. ‘Seikou-no-makoto’ and ‘Seikou-no-masaru’ plants were grown in 5 nutrient solutions (N 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 ppm based on Enshi-shoho). In ‘Seikou-no-masaru’ no yellow-leaf-spot occurred. However, in ‘Seikou-no-makoto’, the nodal position with spotted leaves and rate of yellow-leaf-spot increased as nutrient levels increased. ‘Seikou-no-makoto’ plants were supplied with 6 different nutrient solutions containing 3 times N, P, K, Ca, Mg or Fe in 1/3 concentration of Enshi-shoho solution for 3 or 14 days. The nodal
position with spotted leaves and rate of yellow-leaf-spot was not affected by mineral composition. The nodal position with spotted leaves and rate of yellow-leaf-spot increased with increasing days of application. Both cultivare were supplied with 7 different nutrient solutions with lacked N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe or only microelement (no mineral) in 1/2 Enshi-shoho solution for 10 days. In ‘Seikou-no-masaru’, no yellow-leaf-spot occurred. It occurred only in ‘Seikou-nomakoto’.
yellow-leaf-spot occurred in control, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe deficiency and no mineral, but only slightly in all cases. These results suggest that the occurrence of yellow-leaf-spot was dependent on genotype, and that excessive or deficiency specific elemental mineral stress had no significant effect.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-0254 9612007根域容量と日射比例給液制御による給液量がトマトの生育・収量と果実品質に及ぼす影響3742ENYuichiYoshidaTaikiMatsunoAyaShingaiTanjuroGoto Plant growth and fruit development of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. House Momotaro) grown in different sized plastic pots (root zone volume, RZV, of 250, 500, 1,000 mL/plant) in combination with high or low rate of drip fertigation (HF and LF) were investigated. In the February-sown experiment, the plants were fertigated with standard to half strength of Ohtsuka-A solution in proportion
to solar radiation keeping the ratio of drainage to supplied solution as 10 to 20ｵ, in 500mL- and 250mL-RZV for HF and LF, respectively. Stem and leaf growth decreased with decrease in RZV and the fertigation rate. The decreases were not significant in the distal plant part lower than the 4th inflorescence. The average fruit weight was greater in HF than LF and increased with increase in RZV only for
HF. The incidence of blossom-end rot (BER) was more frequent in HF compared to LF and increased with increase in RZV only for LF. Consequently, fruit yield increased with increase in RZV for HF, but it decreased with increase in RZV for LF. Total soluble solid content (TSS) was significantly higher in
LF than in HF and increased with decrease in RZV. Qualified fruits, called ‘fruit tomato’ having 8ｵ of TSS or higher, were obtained with 250 to 500mL of RZV in the successive October-sown experiment where the standard solution was supplied throughout. For ‘fruit tomato’ production with a substrate culture system, root zone restriction, in combination with solar-mediated fertigation control, can be a
useful and stable stress factor, reducing shoot and fruit growth, but inducing fruit sugar accumulation and reducing BER incidence simultaneously.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-02549512006熱融着性ポリエステル繊維固化ポットレス培地で育成したペチュニアの生育に及ぼす灌水方法の影響2934ENTanjuroGotoKohjiShimaChisatoAzumaTeruhisaMorishitaKazunoriFujiiShigeharuMotookaRecenty, polyethylene pots(PP) present a significant environmental issue for waste disposal. To develop bedding plant production system without PP, properties of compacted medium hardened by heat fusion polyester fiber were investigated. Effects of irrigation methods on the growth of vegetative propagated petunia grown in medium without PP were investigated.
The effect of medium type was not as significant as the difference in water loss per pot. Water loss per pot of medium without PP was about two times greater than medium held in PP.
No compacted medium disintegrated easily without root-ball formation, and in 20 days after cutting about half of non-compacted medium had disintegrated. Compacted medium did not disintegrate before rooting. Medium type did not significantly affect rooting rates, plant heights, leaf numbers and fresh weights when transplanted to medium. Also, cell or pot medium type did not significantly affect plant heights, flower numbers, leaf numbers and fresh weights.
Non-compacted medium without PP easily disintegrated with overhead irrigation. Subirrigation and much overhead irrigation had similar effect on growth when planted in containers.However, less overhead irrigation had significantly lower growth. Moreover, in less overhead irrigation, non-compacted medium without PP had remarkably lower growth than compacted medium without PP.
In, conclusions, compacted medium without PP did not affect the growth of bedding plants whenever water and nutrient regime was well regulated. Compacted pot medium was easy to transplant since it did not disintegrate. Therefore, it was considered practical and feasible to use compacted medium without PP for bedding plant production.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部附属農場Acta Medica Okayama0910-8742232001挿し芽日がシュッコンカスミソウの一番花および二番花の収穫と切り花品質に及ぼす影響1618ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部附属農場Acta Medica Okayama0910-8742211999貯蔵温度および植物生長調節物質がモモイロカイウ‘レーマニー’の開花ならびに切り花品質に及ぼす影響1517ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-02549412005スプレーギクのベンチ栽培における見かけの養分吸収濃度に基づいた灌水同時施肥栽培法の開発1924ENKohjiShimaTanjuroGotoYoshihiroKageyamaTo develop a simple and rational fertigation technology of spray chrysanthemum in bench culture, the effects of fertigation method by apparent nutrient uptake concentration (ANUC) on growth and cut flower quality were investigated. Twenty-five percentage of the total nitrogen application amount (267mg/shoot) was fertilized as basal fertilizer before planting. The ohter was fertilized by the following four methods after pinching. The other elemental nutrients were applied in proportion to nitrogen. 1) Fixed quantity: an equal amount of nitrogen was fertilized every week. Moreover, water was applied so as not to leach through the bench when pF value is more than 1.8. 2) Fixed time: liquid fertilizer by ANUC was applied everyday at 8 a.m. The applied quantities on every growth stage were calculated based on former water consumption. 3) pF: liquid fertilizer by ANUC was applied so as not leach through the bench when pF value is more than 1.8. 4) Fixed time and pF: liquid fertilizer by twice ANUC was applied everyday at 8 a.m. Moreover, water was applied so as not to leach through the bench when pF value was more than 1.8. Incontract, 5) Manual: liquid fertilizer by the fertigation manual for field was applied. Total nitrogen application was 357 mgN per plant. The growth and cut flower quality were good regardless of fertigation method. Total nitrogen application amount was approximately 267mg per plant in Fixed quality, Fixed time, pF plots and Fixed Time and pF plot. However, 19 mg and 100 mgN per plant in order to leaching run off through the bench on Fixed time plot and Manual plot, respectively. Usually pF value changed between 1.5 and 2.0 during growing period in Fixed quantity, pF plots and Fixed time and pF plot. On the other hand pF value during late growth reached more than 2.0 in Fixed time and Manual plot, and strong water stress occured.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-02549412005培地および定植期がキク‘精興の誠’の黄斑発生に及ぼす影響1518ENTanjuroGotoAkinoriOkiYoshihiroKageyamaEffects of medium and planting data on the occurrence of leaf-yellow-spot in chrysanthemum 'Seikounomakoto' Dendranthema grandiflora Kitamura were investigated. Long duration was required until occurrence of leaf yellow-spot. Moreover, advance of leaf-yellow-spot was slow. The occurrence of leaf-yellow-spot was remarkably increased by sandy loam soil, but decreased by peatmoss and sand medium. Regardless of medium, pattern of occurrence of leaf-yellow-spot was similar. The occurrence of leaf-yellow-spot was attected by planting date, and was remarkably increased by high temperature and irradiation, but decreased by low temperature affected the occurence of leaf-yellow-spotNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.