岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026ドイツ付近の夏の気候とシューベルトの歌曲《春に》 異質な他者との出会いを促す大学での学際的授業の報告7589ENKuranoshinKATOFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityIsaoNAGAOKAFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityHarukoKATOFaculty of Education, Gufu Shotoku Gakuen University (Former affiliation)10.18926/CTED/70361 「異質な他者」への出会いを促す授業例の更なる蓄積のため，ドイツ付近の「夏」の気候と季節感に注目した教科横断的な授業を大学で実践した。授業では，ドイツ付近の気候と季節サイクルの中での「夏」の特徴を把握すると共に，シューベルトの歌曲《春に》を鑑賞した。《春に》の3 番の「夏の間じゅう，ずっと」という歌詞で歌われている情景や情感が，ドイツ付近と日本付近を想定した場合にどう違い得るか，に関する受講生の記述を分析した。その結果，日本の夏の高温多湿な環境からは原詩の情感そのものが成立し難いと感じた学生もいるなど，本実践は，自分たちの「当たり前」とは異なる気候や季節感にも目を向ける機会になり得たといえる。一方，日本とはかなり違う気候背景の中でシューベルトが思い描いたであろう情景・心情に授業で深く迫るための，音楽表現自体への踏み込み方についても，今後検討する必要性が示唆された。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学科Acta Medica Okayama1340-741432120262018年7月5日〜7日の西日本豪雨における広域降水特性3344ENKuranoshinKATOFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityKengoMATSUMOTOOkayama Gakugeikan High SchoolKazuoOTANITV Setouchi Broadcasting Co., LTD.10.18926/ESR/70297 Large-scale rainfall characteristics at the heavy rainfall event around the western Japan for 5–7 July 2018 were analyzed with use of the 10-mimute precipitation data at the surface meteorological observation stations of the Japan Meteorological Agency, and so on. In this case, the area with 3 days total precipitation of near or more than 300 mm was distributed widely from northern Kyushu to Shiga and Fukui Prefectures. As in the many heavy rainfall events around Kyushu District in the mature stage of the Baiu season, contribution of the intense rainfall with more than 4 mm/10-minute (24 mm/h) attained about one third of the areal mean total precipitation. However, it is noted that the "not so intense rain" with less than 2 mm/10-minute (12 mm/h) also contributed to about one third of the huge total precipitation in the wide area. In short, this case could be characterized by the mixture of the western Japan type heavy rainfall event and the eastern Japan type one.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学科Acta Medica Okayama1340-7414321202610分間降水量から大雨の特徴の多様性を捉える大学での授業の試み（防災気象リテラシー育成へ向けて）2131ENKuranoshinKATOFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/ESR/70296 In the disaster prevention education on the heavy rainfall around Japan, it is also important to promote the meteorological literacy on the seasonal and regional differences of their rainfall characteristics such as the convective rain or stratiform rain, together with their total amount of precipitation and their occurrence frequency. As the first step toward the above purpose, the present study made a lesson practice for the university students by utilizing the 10-minute precipitation data for the four heavy rainfall events, in which the types of the heavy rainfall (although all the cases examined in the lesson are relating to the deep convective clouds) are rather different from each other, such as the differences of the rainfall intensity at the peak time, short-period variation of the rainfall intensity and the persistency of the rainfall including the "not so intense rainfall". The reports by the students seem to perceive the different features among these events briefly, but the students' attention to how long the intense rainfall with short-period variation or "not so intense rainfall" lasted was not so sufficient.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323152025ドイツ付近の春・５月の気候と歌（その２）：異質な他者への出会いを促す大学での学際的授業の実践163177ENKuranoshinKATOFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityIsaoNAGAOKAFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityHarukoKATOFaculty of Education, Gifu Shotoku Gakuen University (Former affiliation)KazuoOTANITV Setouchi Broadcasting Co., LTD.10.18926/CTED/68489 ドイツ付近の「春・5月」の気候と歌の表現の学際的学習を通して「異質な他者」への出会いを促す教科横断的授業を大学で行った。授業では，ドイツ付近における「春・5月」の季節感の2つの側面，すなわち「厳しい冬を経て巡り来る特別な喜び」や「すぐに過ぎ去る至福の瞬間の儚さ」に関連した気候の特徴を講義すると共に，それらの季節感が表現されたドイツ歌曲や映画《会議は踊る》の主題歌〈ただ一度だけ〉等の鑑賞を行い，作品の背景にある気候と音楽表現の関りにアプローチした。その結果，作品の歌詞を主な手がかりに，気候や季節感と音楽表現の関りを概ね捉えることができた。従って，本実践が「異質な他者」の存在を実感する機会になり得たといえる。一方，「5月」という一語に凝縮されたドイツ付近ならではの深い内容を「我が事」としてより強く実感するためには，歌詞はもとより音楽的表現との絡みを意識した捉え方，提示の必要性が示唆された。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323142024音楽の視点を取り入れた教科等横断型理科授業の開発 ―《早春賦》を接点とした気象に対する意識の涵養―5770ENKenichiMATSUOOkayamajoto High SchoolKengoMATSUMOTOOkayamagakugeikan High SchoolKuranoshinKATOFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/CTED/66772 季節の遷移期に注目した気象と音楽とを連携させた教科等横断型のアクティブ・ラーニング型の理科授業を考案し，その学習効果を検討した。唱歌《早春賦》を接点として，「芸術作品に表現される自然や季節を感覚的な視点で捉えることから気象の理解のきっかけとする」と同時に，「自然や季節を科学的な視点で捉えることで芸術作品の成立や表現したいことの背景の理解を深める」といった気象（科学的視点）と芸術（感覚的視点）とを連携させた双方向からのアプローチにより，生徒の興味・関心を高め，多面的な視点から考察できるような授業デザインとした。模擬授業後のアンケート分析により，本授業の狙いが伝わったような記述が多く見受けられ，相応の学習効果が認められた。また，本研究は，教科等横断型授業としても意義のある新たな提案の1つと考える。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学科Acta Medica Okayama1340-74142912023気候・文化理解教育の学際的ESD学習プラン開発へ向けた取り組み（日本とヨーロッパの季節サイクルや季節感に注目して）2948ENKuranoshinKATOFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityHarukoKATOFaculty of Education, Gufu Shotoku Gakuen University (Former Affiliation)RikakoAKAGIFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/ESR/65480We have continued the interdisciplinary integration of the knowledge on climate and music and have developed the crosscutting study plans on the climate and cultural understanding education. A part of these results had been summarized in a Japanese book titled “Climate and music (Cultural understanding and ESD spreading from the “Doors of Song”)” (Kato and Kato 2019), building mainly our papers written in Japanese. This article will re-integrate our above study results, mainly for the climate and songs/traditional seasonal events around Germany, Northern Europe and Japan, with special attention to (A) asymmetric seasonal progression from autumn to next spring around Japan, (B) winter climate around Germany in association with the seasonal feeling on the traditional events “Fasnacht” for driving winter away and (C) climate around Northern Europe in association with the seasonal feeling on the summer solstice festival “Juhannus” with comparison to the summer climate around Japan.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323132023ドイツ付近の春・５月の気候と歌：異質な他者の発見を促すESD 教師教育の学際的アプローチ175189ENKuranoshinKatoFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityIsaoNagaokaFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityHarukoKatoFaculty of Education, Gufu Shotoku Gakuen University (Former affiliation)KazuoOtaniTV Setouchi Broadcasting Co., LTD.10.18926/CTED/65072ドイツ付近の「春・5 月」の気候と歌の表現に関する学際的テーマを例に，5 月の位置づけに関する新たな気候学的解析と再体系化を行うとともに，「異質な他者」への出会いを促す大学での授業構築へ向けた検討を行った。授業は，教育学部の「教科横断的思考・表現法」に関する専門科目での実践を念頭に置いた。「夏の入り口としての春」というドイツ付近の季節感に関連して，5 月には「極端な低温日」の頻出する冬は終了しており，ドイツの「夏」に普通に出現する平均気温15〜20℃の日の頻度も急増する。このような気候の背景も踏まえて，ドイツ歌曲に見られる「春・5 月」の表現について，教材化の観点から分析・考察した。更に，ドイツと日本の歌曲について，季節の共通事象に注目して表現や気候背景の捉え方を吟味し，異質な他者への出会いを促す授業構築のための検討・提案を行った。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学教室Acta Medica Okayama1340-74142712021気候変動に関するESD教師教育開発へ向けて：様々な時間スケールの地学現象の俯瞰117ENYujiKatoCenter for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi UniversityKuranoshinKatoGraduate School of Education, Okayama University10.18926/ESR/61954Since the recent climate change is an important topic in the context of SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) and ESD (Education for Sustainable Development), teacher training course should produce educators with sufficient geo-literacy. In order to meet this requirement, the authors have designed a study plan that facilitates students’ better understanding of current climate change issues, which will be offered in a lecture at university by two speakers who have different specialties, paleoenvironmental science and meteorology. Summary of the lecture is as follows. At first, from the branch of paleoenvironmental science, a major cooling
event at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary and the glacial-interglacial cycles in the Quaternary will be explained. We will then instruct the participants to compare these climatic events with recent global warming, in order to remind them of the extraordinary higher speed of the recent climate change than climatic events in the geological past. Followed by these global topics, climatological features in East Asia including Japan (e.g. regional/seasonal difference in climate and year-to-year variations) will be demonstrated in order to relate local issues to global ones. By these efforts, the lecture aims to cultivate students’ ability to grasp geophenomena from various aspects and understand the true nature of problems, which may contribute producing educators who can execute ESD programs.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323112021気象学と植物学との連携による自然環境系の ESD 的理解への学際的アプローチ―大学における授業実践の試み― 149163ENTaroHARADAGraduate School of Education, Okayama UniversityKuranoshinKATOGraduate School of Education, Okayama University10.18926/CTED/61571理科の学問分野である気象学と植物学との連携により，持続可能な開発のための教育（ESD）を志向した自然環境系の理解を目指し，大学の教科・分野横断的な科目における授業実践を行った。最初の試みとして，気象・季節・気候および植物との関連が重要となる理科の教科内容をベースに，学際的な側面を持ついくつかのテーマが見出された。とりわけ，生物季節（フェノロジー）は，ESD に関連した気象・気候の季節サイクルと植物の成長および環境応答との関わりに関する学生の理解を促進するうえで有用であることが，授業分析から示唆された。これらの授業実践から，気象学と植物学との連携が，自然環境系の ESD 的理解の促進のみならず，教科内容構成の分野横断的な検討にも役立ち，教師教育のためのアプローチとして有望である可能性が示された。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学教室Acta Medica Okayama1340-74142612019高知・岡山間の降水量差形成に関わる暖候期の日々の降水や大気場の総観気候学的解析（瀬戸内式気候に関連して）3749ENKuranoshinKatoGraduate School of Education, Okayama UniversityYukiSUGIMURAGraduate School of Education, Okayama UniversityKengoMATSUMOTOGraduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University10.18926/ESR58577 In order to re-examine the formation process of the climatological precipitation difference between Kochi (Pacific side of Shikoku District) and Okayama (Seto Inland Sea side) characterizing the Seto Island Sea Climate in warm season, synoptic climatological analyses of the daily precipitation features and atmospheric fields were performed for the warm season (April to September) of 1985 - 2015, based on the daily and hourly precipitation data and weather maps by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), and the NCEP/NCAR re-analysis data. The large climatological difference of precipitation at Kochi from that at Okayama throughout the warm season was greatly contributed to by the days with the precipitation difference between Kochi and Okayama (ΔPR) with greater equal to 30 mm/day. In addition, such large daily ΔPR was mainly due to the intense rainfall at Kochi with greater equal to 10mm/h throughout the warm season, except for a part of the cases in April when the “not so intense rain” with less than 10mm/h at Kochi contributed to the large ΔPR. However, it is noted that the features of the synoptic-scale atmospheric fields and possible roles of the mountain ranges in Shikoku District causing the large ΔPR were rather different among August (midsummer), September (Autumn rainfall season) and April (Spring) .No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学教室Acta Medica Okayama1340-74142612019ドイツ・北欧と日本の「夏」の気候や季節感の違いに注目して音楽と連携した大学での学際的ESD授業開発2536ENKuranoshinKATOGraduate School of Education, Okayama UniversityHarukoKATOFaculty of Education, Gufu Shotoku Gakuen UniversityKazuoOTANITV Setouchi Broadcasting Co., LTD.KengoMATSUMOTOGraduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University10.18926/ESR/58576 Climatological features and seasonal feeling in the season called by the same word such as “summer”would be rather different from region to region. Comparison of these features among the different regions, including the regions which are not so familiar to the students, would help to promote their fundamental ESD literacy, especially relating to the “Understanding of heterogeneous others”. Based on that concept, this paper will report an interdisciplinary lesson study for the university students on a theme how different the summertime climate and seasonal feeling among Germany, northern Europe and Japan are. In this study, the lesson practice was made in 2015 and 2018. In both classes, after the lecture on the summertime climate and seasonal feeling in these regions, the students created substitute songs with use of the melody of “Alles neu macht der Mai” (“The May makes all things new”, the same melody as a Japanese school song “Butterfly”) for the comparison between Germany and Japan. As for that between northern Europe, the melody of a Japanese school song “Furu-Sato” (“My country home”) was used for the creation of the substitute songs. It is noted that, not only the seasonal mean temperature or solar radiation condition, but also the features in association with the large day-to-day temperature variation was strongly reflected in the students’ works.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学教室Acta Medica Okayama1340-74142512018日本の秋から冬への季節の変化を捉える学際的指導法の開発（初冬の時雨に注目した附属中学校での実践）1930ENKuranoshinKatoGraduate School of Education, Okayama UniversitySariNishikawaToshimiNakakuraAttached Junior High School of Okayama University10.18926/ESR/56693 An interdisciplinary study plan on the seasonal transition from autumn to winter around the Japan Islands and the “seasonal feeling” associated with the shallow convective rainfall “Shi-gu-re” in that stage expressed in the Japanese classic poems called “Wa-ka” was developed, through a lesson study at junior high school. In that study plan, special attention was paid to the seasonal evolution of the larger-scale systems from autumn to winter, such as the Siberian air mass and the Siberian high, and the relation to the cold air intrusion into the Japan Sea and the Japan Islands. According to the analysis of the lesson practice results, students seem to understand that the winter-type weather pattern becomes dominant around November, together with the features of the intermittent rainfall in the winter-type pressure pattern called “Shi-gu-re” expressed in the “Wa-ka”. However, necessity of further improvement of the study plan was pointed out, so that the students can understand more exactly the role of the seasonal development of the Siberian high and Siberian air mass in the climate around the Japan Islands.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学教室Acta Medica Okayama1340-74142512018ドイツ付近の冬における日々の大きな気温変動に関する総観気候学的解析（冬の追い出しの行事「ファスナハト」における季節感に関連して）717ENTatsuyaHamakiGraduate School of Education, Okayama UniversityKuranoshinKatoGraduate School of Education, Okayama UniversityKazuoOtaniTV Setouchi Broadcasting Co., LTD.HarukoKatoFaculty of Education, Gifu Shotoku Gakuen UniversityKengoMatsumotoGraduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University10.18926/ESR/56692 Synoptic climatological analyses associated with the large day-to-day variation of air temperature around Germany in winter were performed based mainly on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data for 2000/2001 to 2010/2011 winters, with an interest in the relationship to the “seasonal feeling” in “Fasnacht”, the festival for driving the winter away. The intermittent appearance of the extremely cold days with rather large day-to-day variation in winter as pointed out by Kato et al. (2017) for around Germany was seen also to the north and to the east of Germany. According to a case study for the 2000/2001 winter, such large daily mean temperature fluctuation was closely related to the intraseasonal variation of the Icelandic low with about one month period, i.e., while the temperature around Germany was relatively higher at the eastward shift phase of the Icelandic low due to the strong warm air advection by the SW-ly wind, the temperature was extremely low there when the Icelandic low was weakened and retreated westward.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-132392019ESD的視点の育成を意識した気候と文化理解教育との連携 : 北欧の気候と季節感を例とする大学での授業実践の報告183198ENKuranoshinKatoHarukoKatoRikakoAkagiKazuoOtani10.18926/CTED/56551 ESD的視点を育むための学際的な指導法開発へ向けて，北欧の夏の気候と季節サイクルを中心に日々の気温の変動幅にも注目した気候背景を解析するとともに，大学での授業実践結果を分析した。北欧の冬には，平均気温だけでなく極端な低温日の気温もドイツより更に低く，極端な低温日は4月初め頃まで出現する。また，夏至〜7月一杯までが気温のピークで，その後は急降温する。授業では，絵画作品の鑑賞や，伝統的な季節の行事やくらしについての映像の視聴，伝承曲の鑑賞を行ない，夏至祭をテーマとする音楽や美術の表現活動を行った。音楽の創作活動では小物の打楽器類などを用いた。表現活動を通して，季節の特徴や移り変わり，人々の生活，気持ちなどへの自分の注目点を意識することにより，そこに住む人々の季節感と自分の感じ方とに繋がりを得る機会になったと考えられる。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学教室Acta Medica Okayama1340-74142412017日本の気候環境と愛唱歌などにみる季節感に関する高校での学際的授業の開発（冬を挟む日本の季節進行の非対称性に注目して）518ENKuranoshinKatoGraduate School of Education, Okayama UniversityHarukoKatoFaculty of Education, Gufu Shotoku Gakuen UniversityShojiMiyakeGraduate School of Education, Okayama UniversityTaizoMoriOkayama-Ichinomiya High School10.18926/ESR/56190 This study is a part of the activity to develop an interdisciplinary lesson plan for high school students on the climate environment around Japan and the "seasonal feeling". This time, we focused our attention to the asymmetric seasonal march from autumn to the next spring as proposed by Kato et al. (2013). Comparison of the climate between early winter and early spring was made in the class not only on that around the Japan but also on the relation to the larger-scale systems such as the Siberian air mass, including the brief data analysis. The students also compared the detailed "seasonal feeling" between the two seasons expressed in the school songs and the Japanese classic poems called "Wa-Ka". This paper reports the contents and results of this joint activity at the two high schools.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学教室Acta Medica Okayama1340-74142312016ヨーロッパの冬から春にかけての 低気圧活動に関する事例解析（2000年を例に）3342ENYusukeKuwanaFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityKuranoshinKatoGraduate School of Education, Okayama UniversityYumiTakigawaFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityYumiKojimaFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityKazuoOtaniGraduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University10.18926/ESR/55324 Although the extratropical cyclone is one of the basic systems that characterize the weather and climate in mid-latitude regions with the large meridional temperature gradient, its activity and characteristics would be greatly influenced by the seasonal transition and regional differences of the mean atmospheric fields such as between Europe and East Asia. Furthermore, detailed knowledge of the daily cyclone activity would help to understand deeply the differences of regional climatology including seasonal cycles among various areas. In such interest, the present study performed a case study on the cyclone activity around Europe from winter to spring of 2000. In winter, intraseasonal variation of the Icelandic Low was dominant. In the stage when such intraseasonal-scale Icelandic Low approached to the northwestern Europe, the several lows passed eastward with a few days interval around the intraseasonal-scale low pressure area or its southern edge where the baroclinicity was relatively strong. It is also noted that their center pressure was rather low (below 980hPa). After April, when the seasonal mean Icelandic low had disappeared, different types of the intra-seasonal-scale cyclones and anticyclones were dominantly observed. In the lower SLP stage of the intraseasonal variation in Europe, the low to the southwest of England in the middle of April was of the equivalent barotropic structure and persisted for about ten days. On the other hand, high pressure area extending from England to the northern coast of Germany also persisted for about half month. The southern half of that high area was also of equivalent barotropic structure with warmer air there.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学教室Acta Medica Okayama1340-74142312016九州南部における4月頃の大雨日の降水の特徴と 大気場に関する総観気候学的解析1732ENKuranoshinKatoGraduate School of Education, Okayama UniversityNozomiMorizukaFaculty of Education, Okayama University(KengoMatsumotoGraduate School of Education, Okayama UniversityKazuoOtaniGraduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University10.18926/ESR/55323 Around April, total precipitation in southern Kyushu already attains rather large value due to the increase in contribution of the “heavy rainfall days” (with daily precipitation more the 50 mm/day, referred to as HRD). The present study examined the rainfall features and atmospheric conditions on the HRDs at Kagoshima in southern Kyushu, based on the operational observation data from 1990 to 2009. The HRDs there in April appeared mainly associated with the extratropical cyclone passage, together with tentative appearance of the stationary front. The mean daily precipitation on the HRDs was 82 mm and contribution of the intense rainfall more than 10 mm/h attained up to 38 mm, which accounted for 46 % of the daily total precipitation. In April, the high specific humidity area in the time mean field was still located far to the south of the Japan Islands and the stratification around the Japan Islands was very stable for deep moist convection. However, the zone with rather strong seasonal mean baroclinicity extended to rather southern area near 20°N. This would provide a favorable condition for the long-distance moisturNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-132372017冬の気候と季節感の違いに注目した大学での学際的授業の開発 : ドイツと日本列島付近とを比較して157166ENKuranoshinKatoGraduate School of Education, Okayama UniversityHarukoKatoFaculty of Education, Gufu Shotoku Gakuen UniversityKazuoOtaniTV Setouchi Broadcasting Co., LTDTatsuyaHamakiBoard of Education, Okayama-cityYuichiHagaChayamachi Primary School10.18926/CTED/54941 中高緯度における季節サイクルの多様性や日々の変動に伴う季節の中の幅にも注目して，ドイツ付近での冬の追い出しの行事「ファスナハト」を題材に学際的授業を開発し，大学での教科横断的授業の中での実践結果を検討した。授業では，「ドイツではなぜ冬を追い出さずにはいられないのか」を気候データからイメージして，それを音楽で表現する活動（ファスナハトのオリジナル作品の創作）を行なった。ドイツの冬の厳しさは，平均気温が低いだけでなく，日々の変動が大きい中での極端な低温日の頻出にも特徴づけられていた。音楽での表現活動では，気候データの把握とファスナハトの行事の映像の視聴等により，その行事の存在の意義を考えることが出来た。更に，それらを踏まえた創作と演奏により，日本と比較したドイツ付近の季節の特徴や移り変わりの何に自分が注目しているのかを学生自身が再認識して，気候やそこに住む人々の感じ方を想像する機会となった。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学環境管理センターActa Medica Okayama0917-1533372016音と色との関わりを意識した季節感の比較表現に関する学際的授業 （冬を挟む日本の季節進行の非対称性に注目して）1626ENKuranoshinKatoHarukoKatoRikakoAkagiYoshihikoInadaThis study is a part of the activity to develop an interdisciplinary class on the climate environment around the Japan Islands and the “seasonal feeling”, succeeding to Kato et al. (2014). In the class at the Faculty of Education, Okayama University in 2014, the comparative expression of the seasonal feelings between early winter and early spring was made, with attention to the asymmetric seasonal march from autumn to the next spring pointed out by Kato et al. (2013). The students tried the expression firstly with combination of the colored papers based on the Johannes Itten’s (1888-1967) exercise, next with use of the small percussion instruments, and finally with the colored papers again. Analyses of the students’ works suggested the deepening of the expressions on different seasonal feelings between early winter and early spring by the interaction of the art and music activities with each other, such as the music expressions with imaging colors or superposition of the tones at the second activity, the art expressions influenced by the music works in selecting the configurations or combination of the colored papers at the third activity, and so on. It is also interesting that the students’ expressions of the seasonal feelings seem to be reflected by not only the mean seasonal state but also some specified factors in the seasonal march.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学環境管理センターActa Medica Okayama0917-1533362015冬を挟む日本の季節進行の非対称性と季節感に関する学際的授業 （音楽や美術と連携した表現活動を通して）919ENKatoKuranoshinAkagiRikakoKatoHarukoHagaYuichiThis study is a part of the activity to develop an interdisciplinary class on the climate environment around the Japan Islands and the “seasonal feeling”, succeeding to Kato et al. (2013) [1] which examined detailed comparison
between the transitional season from autumn to midwinter and that from midwinter to spring there, paying attention to the asymmetric seasonal march. This paper reports the results of the joint activity of the art and the music with
meteorology for the class at the Faculty of Education, Okayama University, with attention to the analyses of the students’ works expressing the above two transitional seasons. Finally, a discussion was also made on how to use the
art education for deeper understanding of the climate environment such as the seasonal cycle around Japan.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学教室Acta Medica Okayama1340-74142112014東日本の大雨日の降水特性や総観場の解析（盛夏期の気候学的特徴と梅雨最盛期に関する補遺）3343ENKengoMatusmotoKuranoshinKatoKazuoOtani10.18926/ESR/53196 Rainfall characteristics and large-scale atmospheric fields on the “heavy rainfall days” (with more than
50mm/day) in midsummer, and so on, at Tokyo in the eastern Japan were examined for 1971 to 2010,
succeeding to Matsumoto et al. (2013)
The present study firstly examined the rainfall features and the atmospheric fields for the “heavy rainfall
days” at Tokyo with rather lower appearance frequency than in the typhoon related patterns in Matsumoto et
al. (2013) and so on. In these cases (three cases in total), although the synoptic situations were rather
different among each other, they seem to occur under the systems with relatively small zonal scale
associated with the great meander of the upper-level westerly wind.
Next, the climatological analyses similar to Matsumoto et al. (2013) were performed for the "heavy rain
days" at Tokyo in midsummer (1~31 August). The precipitation on the “heavy rainfall days” at Tokyo in
midsummer was mainly brought by the intense rainfall with more than 10 mm/h, as in the western Japan in
the mature stage of the Baiu season. The detailed examination of the rainfall features for the case on 10
August 2009, with use of the 10-minutes precipitation data and the Radar AMeDAS Composite Data by the
JMA, revealed that the organized meso-β-scale convective rainfall systems as often appear in the western
Japan in the mature stage of the Baiu season were just to the east of the typhoon, and brought the intense
rainfall at Tokyo to result in the large daily precipitation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学教室Acta Medica Okayama1340-74142112014東アジアとの比較の視点でみたヨーロッパにおける低気圧活動と広域場の季節サイクル（序報）2332ENYumiTakigawaYuichiHagaKengoMatsumotoKuranoshinKato10.18926/ESR/53195 Preliminary analyses on the seasonal cycles of the large-scale atmospheric mean fields and the cyclone
activity in Europe were performed based mainly on the NCEP/NCAR re-analysis data, at the viewpoint
comparing with those in East Asia.
As for the climatological monthly mean fields (1981~2010), the meridional temperature gradient in East
Asia presents striking seasonal change with the maximum in winter and the minimum in summer. It is
interesting that such transition from winter to summer and that from summer to winter occur rather rapidly
accompanied by the great temperature increase around April to June and the decrease around October to
November, respectively, in a wide region of 40~70N. On the other hand, the temperature gradient in
Europe is significantly smaller with slight seasonal change than that in East Asian winter.
By the way, in spite of the above difference of the horizontal temperature gradient between Europe and
East Asia, the cyclone activity does not seem to be so weak even around Europe. Thus, the seasonal cycles
of the characteristics of the cyclones and their environmental fields around Europe were examined. At the
first step, we analyzed the daily cyclone activity in Europe for January and July of 2000. Many low pressure
centers at the surface level appeared in both January and July. Referring also to the daily maps of sea level
pressure and geopotential height at 500 hPa level, we found that not only the cyclones corresponding to the
baroclinic instability waves, but also to the cold vortices which amplitudes increased with height appeared
frequently. Moreover, it is interesting that the large-scale cold vortex, which embeds the shortwave trough
with the low center at the surface level, appeared in the northern Europe in July as in East Asian winter,
when such multi-scale systems sometimes bring the persisting heavy snowfall events in the Japan Sea side of
the Japan Islands.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学環境管理センターActa Medica Okayama0917-1533352014冬を挟む日本の季節進行の非対称性（気候環境と季節感を軸とする学際的授業開発の視点から）2330ENKuranoshinKatoHarukoKatoSariSatoYumiYamadaRikakoAkagiKazuoOtaniThe present study is a part of the activity to develop an interdisciplinary class on the climate environment
around the Japan Islands and the “seasonal feeling” there, with attention to the relation to the phase difference among
seasonal marches of the Asian monsoon subsystems. As an interesting example for that, we compared detailed
features from autumn to midwinter with those from midwinter to spring around the Japan Islands, with focus on the
asymmetric seasonal march between them. Comparison of “seasonal feeling” expressed in the Japanese classic poems
called “Wa-Ka” and in the Japanese artistic songs between those seasons was made, at the viewpoint of the above
asymmetric seasonal march.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学教室Acta Medica Okayama1340-74142012013梅雨最盛期における東日本の大雨日の降水特性や総観場に関する気候学的解析（序報）2534ENKengoMatsumotoKuranoshinKatoKazuoOtani10.18926/ESR/52167Rainfall characteristics and large-scale atmospheric fields on the “heavy rainfall days” (with more than 50
mm/day) in the mature stage of the Baiu season (16 June ~ 15 July) at Tokyo in the eastern part of the Japan
Islands were examined, based on the daily and the hourly precipitation data from 1971 to 2010.
Appearance frequency of the “heavy rainfall days” at Tokyo attained only about 1/3 of that at Nagasaki in
the western Japan. Furthermore, it is noted that about half of the “heavy rainfall days” at Tokyo were related
to the typhoon. In detail, about half of the typhoon cases were associated with the direct approach of a
typhoon (referred to as Pattern A, hereafter), the other half corresponded to the situation when the Baiu front
also stagnated around Kanto District with a typhoon to the southwest of Kanto (Pattern B).
Although the contribution of the intense rainfall with more than 10 mm/h to the total precipitation was
large in Pattern A, that with less than 10 mm/h was dominant in Patterns B and C (Pattern C: meso-α-scale
cyclone on the Baiu front approaching to the Kanto District). It is noted that about half of the “heavy rainfall
days” corresponded to these pattern. In other words, unlike the localized torrential rain in western Japan, the
“heavy rainfall days” due to the duration of “not-so-intense-rain” appeared rather frequently in the eastern
part of Japan even in the Baiu season.
In both Patterns B and C, relatively strong low-level southerly wind associated with the disturbance (a
typhoon or a meso-α-scale cyclone) invades into the baroclinic zone in the basic field sustained as the
sowthwestern edge of the cool Okhotsk air mass. It is interesting that the “heavy rainfall days” there due to
the contribution of the persistent “not-so-intense-rain” occur just in such situation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学教室Acta Medica Okayama1340-741420120132004年10月後半の台風23号に伴う日本列島での広域の降水（台風18号と比較して）1324ENAiSatakeKuranoshinKatoYoshinoriMoriYasuhiroGodaShoichiroIkedaOsamuTsukamoto10.18926/ESR/52166Rainfall distribution in the Japan Islands associated with the approach of Typhoon No.23 around 20 October
2004 (referred to Ty0423, hereafter) showed considerably different features from those in late summer of this
year. The present study examined the detailed rainfall features around the Japan Islands brought by Ty0423
and the atmospheric processes based on the operational observation data by the Japan Meteorological Agency
(JMA), comparing with those in association with Ty0418 around 7 September 2004.
During the stage when Ty0423 was approaching or landing on the western part of the Japan Islands, the
areal mean precipitation from Kyushu to Kanto District attained much larger than that for Ty0418, with wider
extension of the area with the large amount of precipitation. It is interesting that, although the intense rainfall
was observed only at the upstream side of the mountain range from Kyushu to Honshu District for Ty0418
except for the area near its center, strong rainfall with 10~30 mm/h persisted in wider regions from the western
to the eastern part of the Japan Islands, resulting in the considerably large total rainfall for Ty0423.
As for the case for Ty0423, the surface front with stable frontal surface was located just to the east of the
Ty0423 center just before its landing at the Japan Islands. Thus, the huge moisture inflow mainly in the eastern
region from the typhoon center seems to be redistributed widely over the Japan Islands area associated with
the large-scale convergence around the stable frontal surface. In late October, the colder air associated with
the high pressure system in the eastern Siberia can cover the northern part of the Japan Sea area as the seasonal
march. Such basic field might be favorable for sustaining the synoptic-scale front just around the southern
coast of the Japan Islands, even when the strong southerly wind invades associated with the typhoon approach
there.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-132332013豪雨の出現頻度に注目した梅雨降水の気候学的特徴に関する探究的授業の開発（日降水量データを用いた附属中学校での実践）1726ENKuranoshinKatoNobuhikoHigashi10.18926/CTED/49483 梅雨は，アジアモンスーンの影響を顕著に受けた現象の一つである。本研究では，豪雨の起こり方に注目した日降水量データの分析活動や気象衛星画像の観察など通して梅雨について学ぶ学習プランを開発した。これは中学校理科での「日本の四季の天気」に関する探究的要素も含めた授業提案であるが，高等学校の『地学基礎』，『地学』，『地理』における活用も視野に置いた。研究科教員による附属学校園への相互乗り入れ授業の一環として，岡山大学附属中学校1年生を対象に授業実践を行い，結果について検討した。西日本では，東日本と違い，『大雨日』が頻繁に出現することを反映して，気候学的に総降水量が大変多くなる。授業では，そのような特徴の一端を九州の長崎と関東の東京の6〜7月における1971〜1998 年の日降水量の表から読み解く作業・考察を，中心的活動の一つに据えた。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学教室Acta Medica Okayama1340-74141912012地上梅雨前線の南方の九州における 線状降水帯の集団の維持について （2001年6月19日頃の事例解析）3950ENYasuhiroGodaKuranoshinKatoOsamuTsukamoto10.18926/ESR/49212A case study on persistent appearance of the ensemble of precipitation bands in the warm sector of the Baiu front in
Kyushu District, the western part of Japan around 19 June 2001 was performed based on the operational observational
data. Around 00UTC (09JST) 19 June when the Baiu front on the surface weather map was still located about a few
100kms to the north of Kyushu, the number and the total area of the meso-β or γ-scale line-shaped precipitation
bands increased around Kyushu rapidly. These precipitation bands had been sustained there and gradually gathered
each other to change into the Baiu frontal precipitation zone extending from the northern Kyushu to Seto-Naikai (Seto
Inland Sea) around 09UTC (18JST) 19 June (the intense rainfall zone was still located in the warm sector of the Baiu
front).
Until ~09UTC (18JST) 19 June, the moist air flow with the latently unstable stratification had been sustained
around Kyushu corresponding to the low-level southerly wind toward the surface Baiu front to the north of Kyushu.
This large-scale situation would contribute greatly to the maintenance of the ensemble of the line-shaped precipitation
bands in the warm sector of the Baiu front.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学環境管理センターActa Medica Okayama0917-1533342012多彩な季節感を育む日本の気候環境に関する大学での学際的授業 （暖候期の降水の季節変化に注目して）2535ENKuranoshinKatoRikakoAkagiHarukoKatoKazuoOtaniNanakoNishimuraToshikiMitsuhataNozomiMoridukaSariSatoThe present study is a part of the activity to develop an interdisciplinary class on the climate environment
around the Japan Islands in association with the “seasonal feeling”, with attention to the seasonal cycle of the weather
systems and the rainfall characteristics during the warm season. Firstly, the school song “Wa-ka-ba” (which means the
deep green leaves) was analyzed as a typical song expressing the season just between the spring and the Baiu, for
developing study materials for the joint activity of meteorology to music. Next, seasonal difference of the rainfall
characteristics around the Japan Islands was reviewed together with the new preliminary analyses, with attention to the
contribution of the “heavy rainfall days” to the total precipitation amount. Finally, the joint activity of the art with
meteorology for the class at the Faculty of Education, Okayama University was reported, together with the analyses of
the students’ works expressing the rainfall event in a specified season by themselves.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学環境管理センターActa Medica Okayama0917-1533332012多彩な季節感を育む日本の気候環境に関する学際的授業の取り組み（秋から冬への遷移期に注目して）2034ENKuranoshinKatoSariSatoHarukoKatoRikakoAkagiNorikoSueishiTaizoMoriIzumiIrieThe complicated seasonal variations are found in East Asia influenced by the Asian monsoon, resulting in the variety of “seasonal feeling”. For example, although the air temperature around the Japan Islands is still rather higher from November to early December than in the midwinter, the wintertime weather pattern often appears then due to the development of the Siberian high. In the Hokuriku District, the Japan Sea side of the central Japan, the shallow convective rainfall called the “Shi-gu-re” frequently occurs associated with the air mass transformation process over the Japan Sea in the cold air outbreak situation from the continent. It is also well known that the “Shi-gu-re” is often used
for expression of the “seasonal feeling” in the Japanese classical literature. Thus the present study tried to develop an interdisciplinary class on the climate environment around the Japan Islands in association with the “seasonal feeling”, with attention to the transition stage from autumn to winter. The present paper will discuss on the joint activity of meteorology with the Japanese classical literature, the music and the art, for the class at the Faculty of Education, Okayama University, and that at the Okayama-Ichinomiya High School.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-132322012顕著な大雨日の出現状況に注目した20 世紀の梅雨降水変動に関する探究的授業の開発（九州の長崎を例に）113ENMikiKurataKuranoshinKatoKazuoOtani10.18926/CTED/48188梅雨降水量の多い西日本の長崎を例に，20世紀の梅雨降水変動に関する探究的授業の開発を行った。本学習プランは，高校の『地学基礎』，『地学』，『地理』をも念頭に置いたものであるが，岡山大学教育学部の「生活科内容研究A」の1コマ分を使って研究授業を行い，その結果を分析した。気候学的に梅雨が明ける7月後半頃には『無降水日』も多いが，その時期にも主に梅雨前線活動に関連した『顕著な大雨日』がしばしば出現する。授業では，そのような点を探究的に見出すことを目標とし，7月後半頃の日々の大雨日及び無降水日の出現状況やそれらの梅雨最盛期との違い，7月後半頃の顕著な大雨日における気圧配置の特徴などを，6～7月の日々の降水量データ表などに基づき読み取る作業・考察を学習活動の中心に据えた。本稿では，取り扱った現象の特徴，授業の概要，分析結果などについて報告する。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学教室Acta Medica Okayama1340-74141812011初夏に日本列島付近へ北上する台風の進路や周辺場の特徴について1118ENNatsumiHamamotoKuranoshinKatoYuukiNakayamaOsamuTsukamoto10.18926/ESR/47748The number of typhoons approaching the Japan Islands is much smaller in May and June than in August to September. However, some typhoons abnormally approach to the Japan Islands in May or June as in 2004. The present study investigated the characteristics of the typhoon tracks and the large-scale fields in May and June associated with the approach of typhoons to the Japan Islands. Climatologically speaking, typhoons are generally formed in the lower latitude in May and early June, and tend to turn to ENE-ward before they reach ~ 20N in May by the upper- and middle-level westerly wind. In June, the upper-level easterly wind associated with the Tibetan high seems to prevent typhoons from approaching to the Japan Islands. However, when the cell-type subtropical high and the deep westerly trough in its western side are formed with the SW-ly from the lower to the middle latitude, a favorable situation for the northward invasion of the typhoon can be realized in May. On the other hand, the formation of the barotropic-like subtropical high to the southeast of the Japan Islands seems to enable a typhoon to approach to the Japan Islands by the S-ly wind around the subtropical high.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-132312011日本の気候系を軸とする教育学部生への教科横断的授業について（「くらしと環境」における多彩な季節感を接点とした取り組み）927ENKuranoshinKatoHarukoKatoRikakoAkagi10.18926/CTED/44373教育学部生を対象とする教科横断的な科目『くらしと環境』の集中講義を，「多彩な季節感を育む日本の気象・気候系の特徴を理解し，それに関連した音楽や絵画等の内容との学際的繋がりを考える」というテーマで行った。日本の気象・気候系に関して，モンスーンの影響を受けた梅雨や秋雨の降水環境を含む六季のサイクルを具体的に強調するとともに，秋から真冬，真冬から春への遷移期である11月頃や2月後半〜3月前半に，独特な特徴を示して現れる『中間の季節』の存在にも注目させた。それらを踏まえて，唱歌に歌われている内容と季節やその移り変わりに関する事象や気象・気候の特徴との関わりを考える活動を行った。特に，『おぼろ月夜』で歌われている春の情景を踏まえて，「オリジナルストーリー」を作成する活動も行った。また近世・近代の日本画に表された季節感を鑑賞する活動と，抽象画のような色彩の組み合わせによって微妙な季節感を表現する活動も行った。更に本稿では，講義や簡単なデータ分析作業，創作活動の結果について，学生のレポート課題の記載内容や作品に基づく分析も行った。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学環境管理センターActa Medica Okayama0917-1533312009東アジア気候環境とその変調を捉える視点の育成へ向けた学際的授業開発の取り組み（多彩な季節感を接点に）920ENKuranoshinKatoHarukoKatoAkioBetchakuTo the change in the global environment, such as the Global Warming, regional climate systems will show rather different response from region to region. It is necessary for many people to be able to remark, as early as possible, what kind of regional climate change is going on, in order to mitigate the climate change itself or coming damage of the change in each region. In East Asia, the complicated seasonal variations are seen influenced by the Asian monsoon, resulting in the variety of "seasonal feeling". The present paper will discuss on the joint activity of
meteorology with music, and so on, toward development of students' sensitivity to the climate change in East Asia with attention also to the "seasonal feeling". Firstly, some important viewpoints for understanding the seasonal cycle of climate systems in East Asia will be reviewed. We will also review the rapid temperature increase around the beginning of April in the Japan Islands in association with the "seasonal feel ing", together with the reports of a lecture on that topic in a primary school. Next, another lecture on the seasonal cycle in East Asia and its climate change there
in the secondary school will be reported. Finally, the future joint research plan will be discussed.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学教室Acta Medica Okayama1340-741417120101993，1994，1995年における東アジアの秋雨前線帯付近の雲分布や大気場の総観的特徴の比較719ENShigekoFukudaKuranoshinKato10.18926/ESR/42458In order to examine year-to-year variability of the Akisame (autumn rainfall) frontal zone in East Asia, large-scale cloud distribution and atmospheric fields around the frontal zone were compared among 1993, 1994 and 1995, when their characteristics were rather different among each other. While the Akisame frontal zone extended zonally and the deep convective clouds tended to appear in that frontal zone near the southern coast of the Japan Islands in 1993, the frontal zone extends from southwest to northeast and the large amount of precipitation was brought mainly in the northern Japan. In 1995, although the surface front on the weather maps appeared frequently also around the southern coast of the Japan Islands, the rainfall amount there was not so large. The area with frequent appearance of the deep convective clouds in the Akisame frontal zone was seen only to the east of the Japan Islands. As such, it is noted that the active area of the Akisame frontal zone shows rather large year-to-year variability also in the zonal direction. It is also suggested that such great variability of the Akisame frontal zone in the zonal direction seems to correspond to the
variations of the subtropical high and the ITCZ in the western Pacific region around September.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学環境管理センターActa Medica Okayama0917-1533191997日本の降水環境―モンスーンアジアの中の日本―520ENKuranoshinKatoA role of the global-scale Asian Monsoon on the rainfall climatology around the Japan Islands (excluding that in Hokkaido) during warm season were discussed by reviewing the previous studies including the original results by the present author. Not only the mean monthly rainfall amount but also its year-to-year variation is large from June to September (or October) there. While the rainfall amount and its variation are especially large in the Baiu season in Kyushu, they relatively large in autumn rainfall season (so-called the "Akisame" or "Shurin" in Japan) . It is noted that the huge northward moisture transport from the moisture-rich subtropical high area to the Baiu frontal zone is largely affected by the low pressure area in the subtropical region around South Asia. On the other hand, the low pressure area associated with the stagnation of
typhoons around the Southwest Islands area (to the southwest of the Japan Islands) seems to play an important role in the huge moisture transport toward the japan Islands in the autumn rainfall season. A comment on seasonal persistency of the rainfall anomaly from spring to summer and summer to autumn is also presented by examining the monthly rainfall data in Nagoya, the central part of the Japan Islands.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育学部附属教育実践総合センターActa Medica Okayama1346-3705912009理科教材･授業案開発を指向した新しい学部講義の実践97102ENYoshihikoInadaIzumiIrieKozoAtobeMotonoriAndoTeruhikoIshikawaKojiUnoHisakazuOguraSeijiKakiharaKuranoshinKatoMasakazuKitaKenjiTanaka10.18926/15108岡山大学教育学部の理科教育講座に所属する3年生を対象に,理科教材･授業案開発を指向した新しい講義を始めたのでその報告を行う｡本講義では,近隣の小,中学校や公民館,科学館等の協力も得て実践の場を確保し,開発した教材や授業案を実践することで生きた教材開発の訓練を行なうことを目指している｡教科内容学担当教員と教科教育学担当教員の協働を模索すると同時に,大学教員の教科内容の専門知識や技量を教材や授業案に有効に活用できる講義を意識した。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育学部附属教育実践総合センターActa Medica Okayama1346-3705912009小学5年の｢西から東へ移り変わる天気｣の学習に関する気象学的背景の理解のための教育学部生への講義8396ENKuranoshinKato10.18926/15107本論文では,小学校第5学年で学習する｢西から東への天気の移り変わり｣に関する気象学的な背景,｢初等理科内容研究①」でのそれに関する講義の内容,講義の効果や今後の課題について検討した｡中緯度大気大循環の基本的システムとしての日々の現象の実態,特に,東進に伴う高低気圧の発達の様子
を捉えさせるために,典型的な事例を用いて気象衛星画像の動画等の観察や地上天気図への記入作業を行わせた｡また,この単元の学習を春や秋以外の事例で行うことの不都合性に関して,低気圧通過後に冬型になる事例や梅雨前線が停滞する事例を検討させた｡広域の雲分布の振る舞いと大気システム･大
気過程との対応,あるいは日本の天気との関連についての相互関係の理解は不十分と見られるような課題は残ったが,高低気圧の発達を示す幾つかの重要な事実を捉える機会となった点は成果だと考える｡No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学教室Acta Medica Okayama1340-741415120091990年代における東北日本の冷夏に関わる大規模場について（1970年代との比較）6777ENYukariSenooKuranoshinKato10.18926/ESR/15033It is pointed out by the previous studies that the Baiu front tends to stagnate around the Japan Islands even in
midsummer season in 1990s, although the global warming is going on. The present study examined the climatological
features of the appearance of daily fronts on the surface weather maps and the large-scale factors associated with the
activity of the polar frontal zone to the north of the Baiu frontal zone based on the observational data in the summer of 1971-2000. It was found that the midsummer when the Baiu front tends to stagnate around the Japan Islands appeared
rather frequently in 1970s as in 1990s. However, the baroclinicity around the Eurasian polar frontal zone was stronger in 1970s than in 1990s. Thus while the fronts around the Japan Islands in midsummer were greatly due to the southward invasion of cold front associated with the disturbances on the polar frontal zone in 1970s, the Okhotsk High tends to stagnates to the northeast of the fronts around the Japan Islands in 1990s.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学保健環境センター環境安全部門Acta Medica Okayama0917-1533282006東アジアの季節サイクルや日々の気象に注目した最終氷期頃の気候環境の理解へ向けて1727ENKuranoshinKatoShoichiroIkedaKanaAbeRegional climate system in East Asia shows the characteristic seasonal cycle affected by the Asian monsoon with various types of its sub-systems. The seasonal cycle there is also related greatly to behaviors of the frontal zones which are the boundaries of these sub-systems. Since the variation of global-scale environment such as the global warming influences on each monsoon sub-system in rather different manner, it is necessary to understand the joint effects of these subsystems, in order to predict the regional climate change in East Asia in the global warming. In such research, it would be also useful to examine the features in the ice age, as an opposite extreme situation against the global warming. Thus the present paper will discuss some viewpoints in investigating the regional climate in the Last Glacial Maximum with attention to the seasonal cycle and daily meteorological systems.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育学部附属教育実践総合センターActa Medica Okayama1346-3705712007岡山大学大学院理科教育専攻で行った教材・授業案開発講義の試み17ENYoshihikoInadaSeijiKakiharaMasakazuKitaNobuhikoYamashitaTeruhikoIshikawaHisakazuOguraMotonoriAndoIsaoKusachiKuranoshinKatoTsutomuYoshiokaYukiKawataMotoshiHirakawaSeijiHashimotoTetsuyaAkazakiNobuhikoHigashiAkioBecchaku10.18926/14367岡山大学大学院教育学研究科の理科教育専攻の講義として、教材開発・授業案開発をテーマとした新しい講義を試みたのでその報告を行う。本講義は、理科教育講座に所属する大学院生、理科教育講座の大学教員、附属学校の理科関係の教諭が三者協働で進めることが特徴である。課題設定、教材開発を含めた実践準備および実践を院生チームを組み遂行させ、さらに経験や専門性の異なる人材と論議を重ねて活動を進めることを通じ、将来、協働で学校現場の課題提案・解決を行うことのできる能力を養うことを目標とした。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育学部附属教育実践総合センターActa Medica Okayama1346-3705612006小学理科から気象・気候システム科学の理解へ（その１）―太陽エネルギーの分配過程と気候システムを例に―5565ENKuranoshinKato10.18926/14355本研究では、「日なたと日かげ」、「光を当てよう」のような、小学3年生の段階で学習する内容などにも、本格的な気象・気候システム科学の理解へ直結するような重要な基礎的知見・感覚を含む点を例示して論じた。例えば、1)光として感じる日光（太陽放射）が地球を暖めるエネルギーを持ち、その時空間分布と気候変動、2)白い表面と黒い表面の反射や吸収などに対する特性の違いと気候変動、3)「流体では、分子拡散よりも効率的な『対流』による輸送熱が可能」という点と海洋が絡んだ気候システム、等について気象学の観点から議論した。教師が教材研究を行う際にも、「取り上げられたポイントをどう教えるか」という意識だけでなく、本稿で例示したような科学的内容の奥深さの認識へ繋がる道筋について、自らが辿ってみることも重要だと考える。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育学部附属教育実践総合センターActa Medica Okayama1346-3705612006日本の春の季節進行と童謡・唱歌、芸術歌曲にみられる春の表現―気象と音楽の総合的な学習の開発に向けて―3954ENHarukoKatoKuranoshinKato10.18926/14354学校教育では、教科の枠組みをこえた総合的な学習が注目されている。本研究では、気象と音楽を総合させた学習について考察した。気候や風土等の自然環境はその地域の音楽文化と深い関わりをもつ。従って学校教育では、気象を視点として、気候などの自然環境と音楽作品の背景にある文化的要素を関連させた学習を行うことが可能であると考える。これまでの研究で、ドイツの春の気候と歌曲にみる春の表現の関係について明らかにしてきた。本研究では、日本の春の気候と歌の関係を取り上げて考察する。まず、日本の童謡・唱歌および芸術歌曲の中の春を歌った曲にみられる音楽表現について分析・検討を行い、次に春の表現と最も深く関係する季節進行過程について考察した。それらの考察結果をもとに、小学校と中学校における音楽と気象を総合させた学習プランを提示した。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学教室Acta Medica Okayama1340-74141212005Seasonal evolution of atmospheric and land surface conditions around the Huaihe River Basin in China in the pre-Meiyu stage of 19983137ENShoichiroIkedaKuranoshinKatoOsamuTsukamoto10.18926/ESR/13855 Seasonal evolution of atmospheric and land surface conditions around the Huaihe River Basin in China in the pre-Meiyu stage of 1998 were examined, mainly based on the GAME re-analysis data.
Around the Huaihe River Basin in China (just to the nront of the Changjiang River Basin), although the air temperature increased rapidly already in early June (the Meuyu front was located to the south of that region), the specific humidity did not increas so much at time. In addition, the latent heat supplied from the ground there decreased from late May to early June, compared to that before early May.
The time mean southerly wind component across the low-level baroclinic Zone (although not so strong as in the mature stage of the Meiyu) invaded into Central Cjina during late April to early May. On the other hand, the relatively strong wind region once retreated southward in the middle of May associated with the onset of the Southeast Asian monsoon, and the calm wind region with frequent appearance of the surface high was seen around the Huaihe River Basin from late May to early June. Thus the present study shows that the Huaihe River Basin once experiences the rather drier stage just before the onset stage of the mature Meiyu there.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学教室Acta Medica Okayama1340-74141312006天気図上の梅雨前線出現域の変動と前線帯への下層南風域の東西スケールについて1925ENYuukiNakayamaMichioOwadashoichiroIkedaKuranoshinKato10.18926/ESR/13848Eastward extension of the Baiu front in relation to zonal scale of the area with strong low-level southerly wind toward the front was examined based on the operational surface weather maps and the NCEP/NCAR re-analysis data mainly for the mature Baiu period (15 June to 31 July) from 1991 to 2000. During that period, the Baiu front on the surface weather maps appeared from the Changjiang River Basim to the east of the Japan Islands accompanied by the strong low-level southerly wind toward it in a wide zonal scala(～3500km), in many cases. However, the situations when the appesrance of the Baiu front was limited to the western part of the Japan Islands or limited to its eastern part are sometimes found with relatively narrow zonal acale of the strong low-level southerly wind toward the front, although the appearance frequency of such cases was not so high. As such the present results illustrate the importance of the zonal scale of the subtropical high for the spatial activity of the Baiu front.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育学部附属教育実践総合センターActa Medica Okayama1346-3705512005科学実験体験活動（小・中学生および高校生対象）実践報告173180ENYasuoKatooNobukikoYamashitaHisakazuOguraIsaoKusachiKuranoshinKatoYoshihikoInadaTeruhikoIshikawaSeijiKakihara10.18926/11410本稿は1995年から2004年まで、小・中学生および高校生を対象に実施してきた各種の科学実験体験活動の実践報告である。これらの体験活動は、岡山大学教育学部理科教育講座の教員とそれぞれの研究室に属する学部生・大学院生たちが実践してきたものである。活動の企画、教材開発、活動の運営、子どもたちに対する実験内容の説明から実験指導に至るまで、ほとんどを学生たちの自主性に任せた。教員は学生たちに対する支援に徹することを原則とした。これらの活動を通して得られた成果や、実践活動を行うに当たって、日頃の自然科学の探究活動の大切さについても触れる。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育学部附属教育実践総合センターActa Medica Okayama1346-3705512005ドイツにおける春の気候的位置づけと古典派、ロマン派歌曲にみられる春の表現について -教科書をこえた学習に向けて-4356ENHarukoKatoKuranoshinKato10.18926/11386どの音楽作品にも、その背景には当該の地域の自然や文化が存在する。学校教育において、音楽の生成や表現を考え作品を総合的に理解するために、その歌が歌われた地域の気候や風土、生活習慣等の理解が必要である。それによってはじめて、その地域の人々の気持ちに近づくことができるのであり、そのような気持ちで歌を歌ったり聞いたりすることができる。そのためには教科間の連携が必要と考える。そこで本稿ではドイツの春を取り上げ、気候位置づけと古典派、ロマン派の歌曲に見られる春の表現について検討した。ドイツの5月には、太陽高度や日射量が急に増加し、冬から夏への昇温の最終段階近くに対応する。そのような春、5月をテーマとした歌曲では春に関する様々な音楽表現がみられる。その結果から、音楽表現と気候の関係を視点として音楽科と理科との連携について述べた。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.