専修大学人間科学学会 Acta Medica Okayama 2186-3156 10 2 2020 地域開発における伝統的緑地(テラジャカン)の役割 : バリ島プンリプラン観光村の事例 35 42 EN Kousuke Hishiyama 本稿は、インドネシア共和国バリ島の南部地域にみられる伝統的緑地「テラジャカン」に着目し、観光にかかわる地域開発における役割を明らかにするものである。テラジャカンは各家屋敷を囲む壁の外側、道路に面した敷地につくられ、各世帯で管理されながら、その利用は私的なだけでなく公共的でもあるという点で、私的次元と公共的次元の多元性が特徴である。近年、テラジャカンは都市化のなかで失われつつあるが、プンリプラン村の観光地区においてはテラジャカンの一斉植栽を行い、村のシンボルとすることで、観光における新たな取り組みと外貨獲得の機会を生み出すこととなった。本稿はプンリプラン村の目抜き通りに立地する世帯および地域開発の関係者にインタビュー調査を行い、主要なデータとして用いている。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

日本造園学会 Acta Medica Okayama 13408984 83 5 2020 フィラデルフィア市におけるグリーンインフラ計画と実装の仕組みに関する研究 673 678 EN Takanori Fukuoka Yukiko Katagiri Sadahisa Kato This research aims to analyze the framework of green infrastructure (GI) plans and implementation in the City of Philadelphia, USA. Background of this research are challenges on creating a new type of holistic framework towards strategic GI planning and implementation. Research methods include a detailed literature review and interviews with the City of Philadelphia Water Department GI group, and consulting “Green City, Clean Waters (GCCW)” to understand the development and framework of GI planning. We identified three phases of GI planning and implementation by analyzing selected GI plans in relation to EPA GI planning and policy. In addition, we created a map and charts showing GI implementation in the City. Research results are as follows. First, this research clarified the development of GI planning in Philadelphia. In the timeframe, there are ‘Water quality control period’, ‘GI planning development period’ and ‘GI implementation acceleration period’; GCCW performed key roles in setting GI goals, visions and methods. In addition, GI partnership and the interaction between EPA and the City were confirmed. Second, Philadelphia’s GI planning to implementation framework with planning process, organizational structures, GI incentives and community engagement was revealed. Finally, through this research a holistic framework towards strategic GI planning and implementation was clarified. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Scientific Research Publishing Acta Medica Okayama 2162-1993 9 2019 Functional Analysis of Telajakan Plants and Space in Northern Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia 15 24 EN Sadahisa Kato Institute of Global Human Resource Development, Okayama University Kosuke Hishiyama Faculty of Applied Sociology, Kindai University Anak Agung Ketut Darmadi Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Udayana Ngakan Ketut Acwin Dwijendra Faculty of Engineering, University of Udayana Faculty of Agriculture, University of Udayana Bali Island, Indonesia, is undergoing rapid land use changes owing to tourism-related development and urbanization. Consequently, urban green spaces, which provide a myriad of benefits to residents, are disappearing and deteriorating. Focusing on telajakan, a strip of traditional green space between the frontal wall of a housing compound and a ditch/pedestrian path in a roadside, the study aims: 1) to investigate and document the changes that are occurring with regards to telajakan in Denpasar, Bali and 2) to evaluate the functions of the plantings in telajakan. The research methods include literature review on traditional green spaces in Bali, vegetation survey at a lot scale, and homeowner interviews with the help of local experts. The study found that: 1) aesthetics, economics, and rituals are the top three functions provided by the telajakan plants with aesthetic function being by far the most provided function; 2) species diversity does not correspond with functional diversity; and 3) telajakan space itself is often minimized or sometimes lost completely for more inner, privatized space or for vehicle parking lot for shop owners. Since telajakan is an important component of traditional Balinese architecture, its loss, degradation, and marginalization necessarily lead to the loss of Balinese culture and identity. This study hints, however, a new form of social interaction through aesthetically-pleasing telajakan. Also, functional diversity, which is arguably as important as species diversity, can be maintained by carefully selecting indigenous species with multiple functions. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Korea Planners Association Acta Medica Okayama 2011 2011 Green Infrastructure for Asian Cities: The Spatial Concepts and Planning Strategies 161 170 EN Sadahisa Kato Urbanization is a global trend, particularly strong in many Asian countries, Africa, and some Lain American counties now. Designing and planning for sustainable and low-carbon cities is a complex process addressing the fundamental areas of economic, environmental, and social-equitable sustainability. This paper focuses on the environmental aspect with theories and applications of green infrastructure to support ecological and physical processes in urban regions including: hydrology, biodiversity, and cultural/recreational activities. Green infrastructure is an interconnected network of waterways, hybrid hydrological/drainage systems, wetlands, both designed and natural green spaces, working farms and other cultural landscapes, and built infrastructure that provides ecological functions. Green infrastructure plans apply key principles of landscape ecology to urban regions, specifically: a multi-scale approach with explicit attention to the pattern and process relationship and an emphasis on connectivity. Although green infrastructure concept and practice are gaining popularity in North America, the UK, and Europe, its systematic application in Asian cities and urban planning policies is yet to be seen. Through the examination of five case studies of green infrastructure-like approaches to address urban greenspace planning issues in Japan, important GI principles are distilled and the lessons learned from these cases are used to develop specific recommendations to facilitate further application of the GI concept in Asian cities. GI is argued to become a useful greenspace planning tool to protect important and fragile green spaces, mitigate the lost nature, and create new green spaces in the city. Four general design and planning guidelines of green infrastructure are proposed. Based on the lessons learned from the case studies and the preceding argument, the paper concludes with recommendation of four areas of application of the green infrastructure concept to Asian cities. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Scientific Research Publishing Acta Medica Okayama 2162-1993 7 1 2017 Changing Roles of Traditional Small Urban Green Spaces (Telajakan) in Bali, Indonesia 1 11 EN Sadahisa Kato Institute for Global Human Resource Development, Okayama University Kosuke Hishiyama Faculty of Applied Sociology, Kindai University Anak Agung Ketut Darmadi Laboratory of Biopesticide, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University Dewa Ngurah Suprapta Laboratory of Biopesticide, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University Bali Island, Indonesia is undergoing rapid land use changes due to heavy development pressure and its fast growing urban population. One such urbanization phenomenon is the shrinkage, deterioration, and disappearance of traditional small urban green spaces in Denpasar, Bali. Focusing on telajakan, a strip of traditional green space between the wall of a housing compound and a ditch/pedestrian path in a roadside, the study aims 1) to investigate and document the changes that are occurring with regards to telajakan and 2) to assess the functions (roles) of telajakan in Denpasar. The research methods include vegetation assessment at a lot scale and in-depth homeowner and village leader interviews with the help of local experts. The results show that telajakan space is often paved over to give way to more front space for the property owner and to ease maintenance. It is also minimized or destroyed as the owner builds a more “western” style house. Traditionally telajakan has multiple functions such as provision of plant and flower materials for Balinese daily rituals, regu-lation of stormwater from the property, and offering semi-public space for street vendors and neighbours. However, the results show that: diversity of planted species is decreasing; only a couple of functions such as aesthetics and economics are strongly favored; and the semi-public nature of telajakan is being lost. Since telajakan is as much traditional green open space as part of the aesthetics of the Balinese architecture, its loss, minimization, and degradation lead to the loss of Balinese culture and identity. On the other hand, new meaning is given to telajakan’s functions such as neighborhood beautification and exhibition of the owner’s pride in the modern context. Therefore, policy recommendations to conserve telajakan in the changing urban fabric need to balance these changing needs of telajakan for its use and conservation of traditional rituals and culture of Bali. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 2016 Green Infrastructure Implementation Case Study in Asia Monsoon Climate- In case of ABC Water Design Guideline in Singapore with Sustainable Stormwater Management Concept 1 4 EN Takanori Fukuoka Graduate School of Engineering, Dept. of Architecture, Sustainable Living Environmental Design Program, Kobe University Sadahisa Kato International Strategy Section, Okayama University No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.