start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=96 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1205 end-page=1215 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1984 dt-pub=19841230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=A clinical application of an alternate irradiation system kn-title=中心分割法の臨床的応用 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In 1979, we published an article about an alternate irradiation system in the Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology. This system was very useful for wide local radiation. In the present study, we examined the usefulness of this system in T-shape fields for patients bearing esophageal cancer, lung cancer, etc; in a 90° angle, two-portal teratment for a patient with maxillary cancer, and in a tangencial treatment for a patient bearing a rib metastatic tumor. The system was very useful, and side effects were minimal. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsushimaKishio en-aut-sei=Matsushima en-aut-mei=Kishio kn-aut-name=松島紀志夫 kn-aut-sei=松島 kn-aut-mei=紀志夫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NagayaIsao en-aut-sei=Nagaya en-aut-mei=Isao kn-aut-name=永谷伊佐雄 kn-aut-sei=永谷 kn-aut-mei=伊佐雄 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=InamuraKeiji en-aut-sei=Inamura en-aut-mei=Keiji kn-aut-name=稲村圭司 kn-aut-sei=稲村 kn-aut-mei=圭司 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KadohisaShigefumi en-aut-sei=Kadohisa en-aut-mei=Shigefumi kn-aut-name=門久繁文 kn-aut-sei=門久 kn-aut-mei=繁文 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakagiriYoshitada en-aut-sei=Nakagiri en-aut-mei=Yoshitada kn-aut-name=中桐義忠 kn-aut-sei=中桐 kn-aut-mei=義忠 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MikamiYasutaka en-aut-sei=Mikami en-aut-mei=Yasutaka kn-aut-name=三上泰隆 kn-aut-sei=三上 kn-aut-mei=泰隆 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=SugitaKatsuhiko en-aut-sei=Sugita en-aut-mei=Katsuhiko kn-aut-name=杉田勝彦 kn-aut-sei=杉田 kn-aut-mei=勝彦 aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=AonoKaname en-aut-sei=Aono en-aut-mei=Kaname kn-aut-name=青野要 kn-aut-sei=青野 kn-aut-mei=要 aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院中央放射線部 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院中央放射線部 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院中央放射線部 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院中央放射線部 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院中央放射線部 affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院中央放射線部 affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院中央放射線部 affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院中央放射線部 en-keyword=放射線治療 kn-keyword=放射線治療 en-keyword=T字形照射野 kn-keyword=T字形照射野 en-keyword=水晶体保護 kn-keyword=水晶体保護 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=96 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1195 end-page=1203 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1984 dt-pub=19841230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies of anticancer agent-monoclonal antibody conjugates and their biological activites Part U. Production of anti-HLA monoclonal antiboby-ara-C and -MTX conjugates and their biological activities kn-title=モノクロナール抗体結合制癌剤に関する研究 第2編 抗HLAモノクロナール抗体結合代謝拮抗制癌剤（サイトシンアラビノシド,メソトレキセート）の作製とその生物活性 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The anticancer agents 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) and methotrexate (MTX) were linked covalently to murine monoclonal IgG(1) antibody (H-1) with the use of dextran T-40. H-1 alone did not inhibit cell growth. The ara-C-(H-1) conjugate showed weaker cytotoxicity to an HLA-lacking cell line than ara-C, while ara-C-(H-1) and ara-C showed the same cytotoxicity to HLA-bearing cells. The MTX-(H-1) canjugste showed stronger cytotoxicity to HLA-bearing cells than MTX, while MTX-(H-1) and MTX showed the same cytotoxicity to cells lacking HLA. These results indicate that ara-C-(H-1) and MTX-(H-1) exert antibody-targeting cytotoxicity in vitro. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ManabeYuichi en-aut-sei=Manabe en-aut-mei=Yuichi kn-aut-name=眞鍋雄一 kn-aut-sei=眞鍋 kn-aut-mei=雄一 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第2内科 en-keyword=抗HLAモノクロナール抗体 kn-keyword=抗HLAモノクロナール抗体 en-keyword=methotrexate (MTX) kn-keyword=methotrexate (MTX) en-keyword=cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) kn-keyword=cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=96 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1183 end-page=1193 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1984 dt-pub=19841230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on anticancer agent-monoclonal antibody conjugates Part I. Production of anti-HLA monoclonal antibody-BLM, -MMC, -MCR conjugates and their biological activities kn-title=モノクロナール抗体結合制癌剤に関する研究 第1編 抗HLAモノクロナール抗体結合制癌抗生剤（ブレオマイシン,マイトマイシンC,マクロモマイシン）の作製とその生物活性 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Bleomycin (BLM) and mitomycin C (MMC), potent anticancer agents, were linked covalently to murine monoclonal anti-HLA IgG(1) antibody (H-1) with the use of dextran T-40. Macromomycin (MCR) was coupled to H-1 in the presence of carbodiimide. H-1 alone did not inhihit cell growth. BLM-(H-1) and MMC-(H-1) conjugates showed stronger cytotoxicity to an HLA-bearing cell line than BLM and MMC, respectively. MCR-(H-1) and free MCR showed the same cytotoxicity to HLA-bearing cells, while the conjugate was less toxic than free MCR against cells lacking HLA. These results indicate that BLM-(H-1), MMC-(H-1) and MCR-(H-1) exert antibody-targeting cytotoxicity in vitro. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ManabeYuichi en-aut-sei=Manabe en-aut-mei=Yuichi kn-aut-name=眞鍋雄一 kn-aut-sei=眞鍋 kn-aut-mei=雄一 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第2内科 en-keyword=抗HLAモノクロナール抗体 kn-keyword=抗HLAモノクロナール抗体 en-keyword=bleomycin kn-keyword=bleomycin en-keyword=mitomycin C kn-keyword=mitomycin C en-keyword=macromomycin kn-keyword=macromomycin END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=96 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1175 end-page=1182 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1984 dt-pub=19841230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Moving Strip Technique of Electoron Beam Therapy kn-title=電子線moving strip法の試み en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The fieldsize in electron beam therapy is determined by the cone size. In cases of skin metastasis of a malignant tumor and so on, which need a large field size and whose area is much larger than the size of the cone, a large field size is usually produced by dividing the portals. However, the dose distribution at the border of the field becomes unequal, and hot and cold dose areas are produced according to the distance between portals. We tried the strip field technique in a large field along the long axis of the body in order to flatten the dose of the border employing the moving strip used for whole abdominal irradiation in ovarian cancer. We set the film in Mix-DP and used the strip field technique with 2.5cm steps. We discussed the relationship between the interval (distance between portals) and the flattening of the dose within the field. Skin movement due to breathing and influences on the flattening of the dose were considered. The proper flatness was obtained at depths of 0,1,2, and 3cm by setting the interval at 0.5cm. When skin movement was produced by breathing in ±1.5mm, the proper flaness was obtained also at a 0.5-cm interval. It seems that smoothing is increased by breathing. An "electron beam moving strip" with a 2.5-cm step and 0.5-cm interval was clinically effective in the treatment of patients with skin metastasis of colon cancer. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsushimaKisho en-aut-sei=Matsushima en-aut-mei=Kisho kn-aut-name=松島紀志夫 kn-aut-sei=松島 kn-aut-mei=紀志夫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=WakasaHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Wakasa en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name=若狭弘之 kn-aut-sei=若狭 kn-aut-mei=弘之 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OguriNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Oguri en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name=小栗宣博 kn-aut-sei=小栗 kn-aut-mei=宣博 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitayamaTakuichi en-aut-sei=Kitayama en-aut-mei=Takuichi kn-aut-name=北山卓一 kn-aut-sei=北山 kn-aut-mei=卓一 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakagiriYoshitada en-aut-sei=Nakagiri en-aut-mei=Yoshitada kn-aut-name=中桐義忠 kn-aut-sei=中桐 kn-aut-mei=義忠 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MikamiYasutaka en-aut-sei=Mikami en-aut-mei=Yasutaka kn-aut-name=三上泰隆 kn-aut-sei=三上 kn-aut-mei=泰隆 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=HashimotoKeiji en-aut-sei=Hashimoto en-aut-mei=Keiji kn-aut-name=橋本啓二 kn-aut-sei=橋本 kn-aut-mei=啓二 aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirakiYoshio en-aut-sei=Hiraki en-aut-mei=Yoshio kn-aut-name=平木祥夫 kn-aut-sei=平木 kn-aut-mei=祥夫 aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=AonoKaname en-aut-sei=Aono en-aut-mei=Kaname kn-aut-name=青野要 kn-aut-sei=青野 kn-aut-mei=要 aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院中央放射線部 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院中央放射線部 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院中央放射線部 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院中央放射線部 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院中央放射線部 affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院中央放射線部 affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部放射線医学教室 affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部放射線医学教室 affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部放射線医学教室 en-keyword=電子線治療技術 kn-keyword=電子線治療技術 en-keyword=moving strip 法 kn-keyword=moving strip 法 en-keyword=皮膚転移腫 kn-keyword=皮膚転移腫 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=96 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1163 end-page=1174 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1984 dt-pub=19841230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis Part U. Experimental pulmonary granulomatosis produced by Corynebacterium parvum and Muramyl dipeptide. kn-title=サルコイドーシスの成因に関する研究 第2編 Corynebacterium parvumとMuramyl dipeptideによる実験的肺肉芽腫症作製の試み en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Propionibacterium acnes (P.acnes) is isolated in high incidence from biopsied specimens obtained from patients with sarcoidosis. In some reports, P.acnes successfully produced localized granulomatous changes in experimental animals, but not systemic granulomatous changes. The present study was undertaken to analyze the formation of granulomatous lesions, especially the immunological mechanism of epithelioid granuloma formation, induced by sensitization with Corynebacterium parvum (C.parvum) and muramyl dipeptide (MDP). Intratracheal administration of MDP to guinea pigs presensitized with C.parvum produced epithelioid granulomas in the lungs and regional lymph nodes, but not in the liver and spleen. These granulomas in the lungs gradually invated regional lymph nodes and were observed a relatively long time, as the patients with sarcoidosis. An increase in lymphocytes was found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of sensitized animals in accordance with granuloma formation in the lungs. This result suggests that lymphocytes play a major role in producing epithelioid granulomas. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity was elevated in guinea pigs, in which granuloma formation was recognized. These data suggest that activation of macrophages and lymphocytes is necessary to produce epithelioid granulomas and persists for a long time in experimental animals. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KobayashiYhozo en-aut-sei=Kobayashi en-aut-mei=Yhozo kn-aut-name=小林洋三 kn-aut-sei=小林 kn-aut-mei=洋三 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第2内科教室 en-keyword=experimental animal model kn-keyword=experimental animal model en-keyword=sarcoidosis kn-keyword=sarcoidosis en-keyword=Corynebacterium kn-keyword=Corynebacterium en-keyword=parvum kn-keyword=parvum en-keyword=muramyl dipeptide kn-keyword=muramyl dipeptide en-keyword=angiotensin converting enzyme kn-keyword=angiotensin converting enzyme END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=96 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1151 end-page=1161 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1984 dt-pub=19841230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis Part I. Studies on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid kn-title=サルコイドーシスの成因に関する研究 第1編 サルコイドーシス患者における気管支肺胞洗浄液の検討 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The present study was designed to investigate the local immunity and pathological state of sarcoidosis. Cell populations and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity were examined in the fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of 28 patients with sarcoidosis and 31 healthy volunteers. The proportion and number of lymphocytes in BAL fluid were significantly higher in patients with sarcoidosis than in healthy volunteers. Furthermore, the number of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes were increased. The cell number in BAL fluid was also higher in non-smokers with sarcoidosis than in healthy non-smokers. The ACE activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF-ACE activity) was highly elevated in patients with sarcoidosis as compared with healthy volunteers and correlated with the number of macrophages in BAL fluid of non-smokers with sarcoidosis (r=0.474, p<0.05). The elevation of BALF-ACE activity was suggested to be due to alveolar macrophages. In smokers with sarcoidosis and healthy volunteres who smoked, the number of cells and macrophages in BAL fluid was markedly increased, while the number of lymphocytes was not affected by smoking. It was concluded that lymphocytes, mainly T lymphocytes which play a major role in forming granuloma, were incerased in patients with sarcoidosis and that high BALFACE activity was probably due to activated macrophages and epithelioid cells in sarcoid granulomas of the lung. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KobayashiYhozo en-aut-sei=Kobayashi en-aut-mei=Yhozo kn-aut-name=小林洋三 kn-aut-sei=小林 kn-aut-mei=洋三 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第2内科教室 en-keyword=sarcoidosis kn-keyword=sarcoidosis en-keyword=bronchoalveolar lavage kn-keyword=bronchoalveolar lavage en-keyword=angiotensin converting enzyme kn-keyword=angiotensin converting enzyme en-keyword=lymphocyte kn-keyword=lymphocyte END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=96 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1135 end-page=1150 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1984 dt-pub=19841230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Clinical studies of cerebral palsy Part U. Long-term results of stereotaxic operations kn-title=脳性麻痺に関する臨床的研究 第2編 脳性麻痺における定位脳手術と遠隔成績 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Stereotaxic operations were carried out in 96 cases of athetotic cerebral palsy to relieve involuntary movements and muscle hypertonus between 1955 and 1970, of which 43 cases (22 dystonic, 21 tension athetotic) were followed up postoperatively from 6 months to 12 years at the clinic or by questionnare. Many severely disabled patiensts were included in this study and 30 of the 43 cases belonged to Class W of the classification of functional capacity of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy. Ages at operation ranged from 5 to 40 years, and about a half of the patients were 5 to 10 years. Targets of operation included the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus (VL), VL plus centromedian nucleus of the thalamus (CM), globus pallidus (GP) and field of Forel H. A total of 79 operations were performed in these 43 cases. Sixteen (11 dystonic, 5 tension athetotic) out of the 43 cases were operated on unilaterally and 27 (11 dystonic, 16 tension athetotic) were operated bilaterally. Concerning the relationshp between targets and postoperative results, both VL and GP lesions were effective on muscle hypertonus. However, VL or VL plus CM lesions produced better effects on both involuntary movements and muscle hypertonus than GP or field of Forel H lesions. Patients who had improvement in voluntary control were limited to those who had good results in both involuntary movements and muscle hypertonus. Dystonic patients generally obtained much better postoperative results than tension athetotic patients. Postoperative courses of bilateral operations were variable and complex. When bilateral operations are attempted, it is desirable that the contralateral operation be performed more than six months after the initial one. Dystonic patients operated on unilaterally maintained excellent postoperative results for a long period. Dystonic patients who were operated on bilaterally also had good surgical results for long periods. However, the long-term results in tension athetotic patients operated on either unilaterally or bilaterally were not as good as those in dystonic patients. Therefore, the dystonic form of cerebral palsy is a good candidate for stereotaxic operation. Complications of the operations were of almost the same frequency in unilateral and bilateral operations. In bilateral operations, the bilateral VL lesion and VL plus CM lesion were the most effective long-term. When motor symptoms recurred, they did so within six months of the operation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurakamiMasao en-aut-sei=Murakami en-aut-mei=Masao kn-aut-name=村上昌穂 kn-aut-sei=村上 kn-aut-mei=昌穂 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科 en-keyword=脳性麻痺 kn-keyword=脳性麻痺 en-keyword=不随意運動 kn-keyword=不随意運動 en-keyword=定位脳手術 kn-keyword=定位脳手術 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=96 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1119 end-page=1134 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1984 dt-pub=19841230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Clinical studies of cerebral palsy Part I. Electromyographical study in dystonic and athetotic forms of cerebral palsy kn-title=脳性麻痺に関する臨床的研究 第1編 Dystonic型およびathetotic型脳性麻痺患者の節電図学的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Seven dystonic and eight athetotic patients with cerebral palsy were clinically diagnosed following the classification of motor symptoms of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy, and examined with surface electromyography while at rest in the supine position, under mental stress, making voluntary contractions and responding to passive stretch. Involuntary movements of both dystonic and tension athetotic cerebral palsy were characterized by nonreciprocal involuntary muscle activity in agonists and antagonists. There was more tonic involuntary muscle activity in dystonic than in tension athetotic cerebral palsy patients. During involuntary movements in three dystonic patients, muscle action potentials recorded simultaneously in different muscles had a uniform pattern of duration and amplitude. Electromyographical findings under mental stress were almost the same as those at rest in both dystonic and tension athetotic forms, except that the amplitude and duration of muscle activity was larger under mental stress than at rest. When both dystonic and tension athetotic patients were asked to make voluntary contractions, they were unable to do so smoothly, because involuntary movements were induced in agonists and antagonists. Especially in dystonic patients, voluntary efforts induced involuntary movements not only in agonists and antagonists but also in other muscles not concerned with voluntary contraction. In all dystonic patients, the responses to passive stretch were characterized by rigidity or rigidospasticity. In five tension athetotic patients, the stretch reflex was characterized by spasticity, but in three patients the stretch reflex was not seen at all. Therefore, it is assumed that dystonic movements arise from rigidity or rigidospastic hypertonus. In three dystonic patients, the stretch reflex brought about action potentials not only in antagonists of the stretched muscle, but also in other muscles not concerned with passive stretch. These synchronized action potentials were neither of involuntary muscle activity induced by passive stretch nor of paradoxical contraction of Westphal. It is presumed that such action potentials are induced by suprasegmental central mechanisms closely related to the stretch reflex. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurakamiMasao en-aut-sei=Murakami en-aut-mei=Masao kn-aut-name=村上昌穂 kn-aut-sei=村上 kn-aut-mei=昌穂 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科教室 en-keyword=脳性麻痺 kn-keyword=脳性麻痺 en-keyword=節電図 kn-keyword=節電図 en-keyword=不随意運動 kn-keyword=不随意運動 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=96 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1105 end-page=1117 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1984 dt-pub=19841230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on human peripheral monocytes Part U. Membrane receptor and phagocytic function kn-title=ヒト末梢血単球の研究 第2編 膜表面受容体と貪食能 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The phagocytic function of monocytes was measured by complement-binding zymosan particles (ZC). The phagocytic indices of monocytes prepared by glass-adherence and by gradient centrifugation were closely correlated (r=0.95, p<0.01). The former method was easier than the latter in the identification of monocytes. The phagocytic index was significantly reduced in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma (mean=53.2±20.2, p<0.01), malignant lymphoma (mean=52.9±20.6, p<0.01), and sarcoidosis (mean=51.1±20.2, p<0.01) compared with controls (mean=76.0±14.5). In contrast, there was no significant difference between controls and patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (mean=77.0±14.2). In bronchogenic carcinoma patients, a low phagocytic index was observed in all clinical stages. However, there was no significant correlation among phagocytic index, histological type and stage of disease. The C3 and Fc receptors of monocytes were also determined by rosette formation with ZC and IgG-treated ox erythrocytes (EA), respectively. In bronchogenic carcinoma, the percent of C3 receptor bearing monocytes was lower than that of controls, but the percent of Fc receptor bearing monocytes was in the normal range. However, the phagocytosis of EA was enhanced in comparison with controls. These data showed that monocyte phagocytic function was suppressed in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. It was suggested that malignant tumors might affect monocyte function. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatoToshio en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Toshio kn-aut-name=佐藤俊雄 kn-aut-sei=佐藤 kn-aut-mei=俊雄 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第2内科教室 en-keyword=monocyte kn-keyword=monocyte en-keyword=phagocytosis kn-keyword=phagocytosis en-keyword=receptor kn-keyword=receptor en-keyword=lung cancer kn-keyword=lung cancer END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=96 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1091 end-page=1104 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1984 dt-pub=19841230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on human peripheral monocytes Part I. Scanning electron microscopic observation kn-title=ヒト末梢血単球の研究 第1編 走査型電子顕微鏡による観察 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In order to observe peripheral monocytes by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a simple method was developed as described below. Mononuclear cell suspensions prepared by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation were fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde and then stained with alpha-naphthyl butyrate which served to specifically identify monocytes. Monocytes were recognized by their red-brown color under a light microscope, and processed for SEM. The monocytes were characterized further in healthy controls and patients with bronchogenic carcinoma using this method. The surface of monocytes from controls was uneven and covered with ruffles and ridges. The monocytes from patients with bronchogenic carcinoma were smaller and had more large ruffles than controls. The changes in the surface of monocytes when treated with some chemoattractants were less obvious in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma than in healthy controls. This method is useful in studying the surface structure of peripheral monocytes and may help in further examining monocyte function. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatoToshio en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Toshio kn-aut-name=佐藤俊雄 kn-aut-sei=佐藤 kn-aut-mei=俊雄 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第2内科教室 en-keyword=monocyte kn-keyword=monocyte en-keyword=scanning electon microscopy kn-keyword=scanning electon microscopy en-keyword=lung cancer kn-keyword=lung cancer END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=96 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1073 end-page=1089 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1984 dt-pub=19841230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=An experimental model of deafferented pain in cats -an electrophysiological and neurochemical study- kn-title=Deafferented painの実験的作製の試み ―deafferentation hyperactivityとの関連性からの考察― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Deafferentation hyperactivity, which was produced unilaterally in the neurons of the subnucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STNcd) in cats by a Gasserian ganglionectomy, was studied neurochemically and electrophysiologically. The distribution of STNcd neurons responsive to various stimulations of the face was first determined with the extracellular microelectrode recording technique in 10 cats. Unilateral sensory deafferentation was made by a left Gasserian ganglionectomy in 6 cats. Spontaneous hyperactivity, which became progressively intensive, was provoked in the neurons of the denervated STNcd for about 10 days after the ganglionectomy. In the principal experiment, another 18 adult cats were unilaterally devervated. The analysis of neuronal activities on both sides of the STNcd was done 11 to 63 days after the denervation. On the non-denervated side, as many as 44 of the 51 STNcd neurons identified were wide dynamic range neurons. On the denervated side, 37 neurons (57%) of the 65 neurons identified showed deafferentation hyperactivity. Continuous and spontaneous firings of these hyperactive neurons were inhibited neither by the intraventricular administration of morphine or enkephalinamide nor by the electrical stimulation of periaqueductal gray. In contrast, the facilitation of the pain perceptive neuronal activities in the STNcd of the non-denervated side, was remarkably inhibited both by the administration of the same drugs and by periaqueductal gray stimulation. After Gasserian ganglionectomy, the cats showed abnormal behavior never seen in those without the ganglionectomy: incessant rubbing of the face of the denervated side against the cage caused the vibrissae to break and the skin to ulcerate. These results are compatible with the clinical experiences that the facilitation of the opioid-mediated pain inhibiting system is effective in relieving pain in patients with excess pain, but not in patients with deafferented pain. Therefore, the deafferentation hyperactivity produced in this experiment in the STNcd of the denervated side may have a close physiological relationship to the deafferented pain of clinical patients. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ShimizuYoji en-aut-sei=Shimizu en-aut-mei=Yoji kn-aut-name=清水洋治 kn-aut-sei=清水 kn-aut-mei=洋治 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科教室 en-keyword=Gasserian ganglionectomy kn-keyword=Gasserian ganglionectomy en-keyword=subnucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal nuleus kn-keyword=subnucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal nuleus en-keyword=deafferentation hyperactivity kn-keyword=deafferentation hyperactivity en-keyword=morphine kn-keyword=morphine en-keyword=periaqueductal gray kn-keyword=periaqueductal gray END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=96 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1063 end-page=1071 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1984 dt-pub=19841230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=An Evaluation of the Pendulum Technique of Electron Beam Therapy kn-title=電子線振子照射法の検討 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Electron beam therapy of lesions such as cutaneous metastatic carcinoma and reticulum cell sarcoma is performed via multiple portals for a wide irradiation field. However, the dose distribution in border areas is generally uneven, resulting in hot and cold dose areas depending on the intervals of the portals. We performed electron irradiation by the pendulum technique, especially on curved areas, and evaluated the technique in various respects. Pendulum electron beam irradiation is indicated when the length of the cone must be reduced in order to deliver the target volume near the skin surface as well as to avoid the occurrence of hot spots deep in the body. We prepared a 15cm rotating cone by cutting a 30cm fixed irradiation cone. The modification posed no disadvantages in terms of extent and flatness of the beam, or stability during rotation. After determining the relationship between the rotation speed and the dose, the technique was successfully applied to a patient with adult T-cell lymphoma, at a total of 3000cGy. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsushimaKishio en-aut-sei=Matsushima en-aut-mei=Kishio kn-aut-name=松島紀志夫 kn-aut-sei=松島 kn-aut-mei=紀志夫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OguriNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Oguri en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name=小栗宣博 kn-aut-sei=小栗 kn-aut-mei=宣博 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=WakasaHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Wakasa en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name=若狭弘之 kn-aut-sei=若狭 kn-aut-mei=弘之 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakagiriYoshitada en-aut-sei=Nakagiri en-aut-mei=Yoshitada kn-aut-name=中桐義忠 kn-aut-sei=中桐 kn-aut-mei=義忠 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MikamiYasutaka en-aut-sei=Mikami en-aut-mei=Yasutaka kn-aut-name=三上泰隆 kn-aut-sei=三上 kn-aut-mei=泰隆 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirakiYoshio en-aut-sei=Hiraki en-aut-mei=Yoshio kn-aut-name=平木祥夫 kn-aut-sei=平木 kn-aut-mei=祥夫 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimotoShin en-aut-sei=Kimoto en-aut-mei=Shin kn-aut-name=木本真 kn-aut-sei=木本 kn-aut-mei=真 aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=HashimotoKeiji en-aut-sei=Hashimoto en-aut-mei=Keiji kn-aut-name=橋本啓二 kn-aut-sei=橋本 kn-aut-mei=啓二 aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=AonoKaname en-aut-sei=Aono en-aut-mei=Kaname kn-aut-name=青野要 kn-aut-sei=青野 kn-aut-mei=要 aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujimotoWataru en-aut-sei=Fujimoto en-aut-mei=Wataru kn-aut-name=藤本亘 kn-aut-sei=藤本 kn-aut-mei=亘 aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=KodamaHajime en-aut-sei=Kodama en-aut-mei=Hajime kn-aut-name=小玉肇 kn-aut-sei=小玉 kn-aut-mei=肇 aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院中央放射線部 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院中央放射線部 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院中央放射線部 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院中央放射線部 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院中央放射線部 affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部放射線医学教室 affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部放射線医学教室 affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部放射線医学教室 affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部放射線医学教室 affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部皮膚科学教室 affil-num=11 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部皮膚科学教室 en-keyword=放射線治療技術 kn-keyword=放射線治療技術 en-keyword=電子線振子照射法 kn-keyword=電子線振子照射法 en-keyword=ATL kn-keyword=ATL END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=96 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1053 end-page=1061 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1984 dt-pub=19841230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Comparison of CT image of basal ganglia calcification with clinical symptoms kn-title=大脳基底核石灰化CT像と臨床症状との対比 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We investigated the relationship between the frequency of basal ganglia calcification appearing in CT scans and clinical symptoms in 3,599 patients. Basal ganglia were calcified in eleven patients (0.3%), of whom seven had calcification of the bilateral G. Pallidus, but no clinical symptoms. A relationship between calcification and clinical symptoms was shown in two patients under ten years old, a three-year-old with young brain atrophy and a six-year-old with a gonadotropin-producing brain tumor. Especially in patients over forty years old, a direct relationship between G.P. calcification and clinical symptoms was not shown, and calcification was considered to be pyhsilogical. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HashimotoKeiji en-aut-sei=Hashimoto en-aut-mei=Keiji kn-aut-name=橋本啓二 kn-aut-sei=橋本 kn-aut-mei=啓二 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimotoShin en-aut-sei=Kimoto en-aut-mei=Shin kn-aut-name=木本真 kn-aut-sei=木本 kn-aut-mei=真 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShirakamiToshiaki en-aut-sei=Shirakami en-aut-mei=Toshiaki kn-aut-name=白神敏明 kn-aut-sei=白神 kn-aut-mei=敏明 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NiiyaHarutaka en-aut-sei=Niiya en-aut-mei=Harutaka kn-aut-name=新屋晴孝 kn-aut-sei=新屋 kn-aut-mei=晴孝 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KajiMitsumasa en-aut-sei=Kaji en-aut-mei=Mitsumasa kn-aut-name=加地充昌 kn-aut-sei=加地 kn-aut-mei=充昌 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TogamiIzumi en-aut-sei=Togami en-aut-mei=Izumi kn-aut-name=戸上泉 kn-aut-sei=戸上 kn-aut-mei=泉 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KoyamaNaoki en-aut-sei=Koyama en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name=小山直樹 kn-aut-sei=小山 kn-aut-mei=直樹 aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=HinoHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Hino en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name=日野裕之 kn-aut-sei=日野 kn-aut-mei=裕之 aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoHiromichi en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Hiromichi kn-aut-name=山本博道 kn-aut-sei=山本 kn-aut-mei=博道 aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirakiYoshio en-aut-sei=Hiraki en-aut-mei=Yoshio kn-aut-name=平木祥夫 kn-aut-sei=平木 kn-aut-mei=祥夫 aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=AonoKaname en-aut-sei=Aono en-aut-mei=Kaname kn-aut-name=青野要 kn-aut-sei=青野 kn-aut-mei=要 aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsushimaKishio en-aut-sei=Matsushima en-aut-mei=Kishio kn-aut-name=松島紀志夫 kn-aut-sei=松島 kn-aut-mei=紀志夫 aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=SugitaKatsuhiko en-aut-sei=Sugita en-aut-mei=Katsuhiko kn-aut-name=杉田勝彦 kn-aut-sei=杉田 kn-aut-mei=勝彦 aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=IrisawaMinoru en-aut-sei=Irisawa en-aut-mei=Minoru kn-aut-name=入沢実 kn-aut-sei=入沢 kn-aut-mei=実 aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部放射線医学教室 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部放射線医学教室 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部放射線医学教室 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部放射線医学教室 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部放射線医学教室 affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部放射線医学教室 affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部放射線医学教室 affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部放射線医学教室 affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部放射線医学教室 affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部放射線医学教室 affil-num=11 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部放射線医学教室 affil-num=12 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部付属病院中央放射線部 affil-num=13 en-affil= kn-affil=香川県立中央病院放射線科 affil-num=14 en-affil= kn-affil=近畿大学医学部放射線医学教室 en-keyword=head CT kn-keyword=head CT en-keyword=cerebral calcification kn-keyword=cerebral calcification en-keyword=basal ganglia kn-keyword=basal ganglia END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=96 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1037 end-page=1051 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1984 dt-pub=19841230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Pathological study of the calcification of the hip joint kn-title=股関節石灰化の病態に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Calcification of articular tissue has been studied much since McCarty and others confirmed that pseudogout is caused by deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals. However, there has been little attention paid to the hip joint in which detection of calcification is difficult because of the joint's deep location. In this study, arthritic hips were examined pathologically in relation to joint calcification. In cases of total hip replacement (THR), the rate of pathological calcification was 11.7 percent in osteoarthritis, 13.7 percent in rheumatoid arthritis and 22.2 percent in avascular necrosis of the femoral head. However, blood chemical examinations showed no abnormalities in parathyroid or kidney function, so these cases were classified as sporadic articular calcification. Macroscopically calcified hips were found in 11 percent of the autopsy cases. Articular calcification causing crystal-induced arthritis in cases with severe secondary coxarthrosis treated with THR occurred often. Calcified deposition was found in the articular cartilage as well as in the limbus, and even in synovial tissues. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy clearly demonstrated CPPD crystals. Infra-red spectrograms showed pyrophosphate crystals. In light microscopic observations, calcification in the articular cartilage appeared as granular accumulations of the crystals in the matrix of the surface and intermediate layers. Especially, the granular deposits were recognized in the marginal area of the chondrocyte lacunae in the intermediate layer. However, crystal deposits were seen along the fissures of collagen fibers in the surface and intermediate layer of the limbus. The crystals were square, rod or cube shaped, and 0.1-3.5μm×0.2-4.0μm in size, as were CPPD crystals detected previously. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyataTeruo en-aut-sei=Miyata en-aut-mei=Teruo kn-aut-name=宮田輝雄 kn-aut-sei=宮田 kn-aut-mei=輝雄 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部整形外科学教室 en-keyword=股関節石灰化 kn-keyword=股関節石灰化 en-keyword=CPPD結晶 kn-keyword=CPPD結晶 en-keyword=走査電子顕微鏡 kn-keyword=走査電子顕微鏡 END