岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-61982正常胎児の細胞性免疫機能の発達585598ENTaijiKunitomiHuman fetal lymphoid cells from the thymus, spleen and peripheral blood of 25 fetuses (14-25 weeks of fetal age) were studied for their ability to respond to phytohemagglutinin(PHA), pokeweed mitogen(PWM), and streptolysin-0(SLO). Lymphocyte transformation by PHA and PWM was observed in the thymus, spleen and peripheral blood at the 14-16th week of fetal age. The percentage of transformed thymic lymphocytes, observed 3days after inoculation, decreased as the age of fetuses increased. On the other hand, splenic lymphocyte transformation increased according to age. The percentage of thymic lymphocytes transformed by PHA, observed 3 days after inoculation, was comparable to that of transformed splenic and peripheral blood lymphocytes. However, a lower percentage of transformed lymphocytes in the thymus was observed 6 days after inoculation compared to that of transformed splenic lymphocytes. In the thymus, the response to PHA observed 3 days after inoculation was higher in ratio than that observed 6 days after. These results suggest that thymic lymphocytes consist of two subpopulations which exhibit "maximum response" 3 or 6days after inoculation. The percentages of thymic lymphocytes and splenic lymphocytes transformed by PWM were the same. In PWM-stimulated transformation, no difference was detectable between these two organs. There was no difference in transformation whether observed 3 or 6days after inoculation with PWM. Lymphocyte transformation to SLO was observed in the thymus at the 17th week and in the spleen at the 19th week. Although cord blood lymphocytes were not exposed to streptococcal extracts, they were transformed by SLO. These results suggested that SLO was a nonspecific mitogen. Human fetal lymphoid cells from the thymus and the spleen of 9 fetuses (14-25 weeks) were examined for the presence of spontaneous rosette-forming cells (RFC) with sheep red blood cells. RFC were found in the thymus and spleen at the 14th week. The average percentage of RFC was 78.1% in the thymus and 12.1% in the spleen.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-61982岡山県笠岡市真鍋島住民の寄生虫感染状況(1981年)581584ENIsaoTanakaSatoruYamamotoKeizoHosonoTakafumiOedaMakotoSasakiDaigoroSakumotoYutakaNagaoSeiitiInatomiA fecal examination for each of 210 residents of Manabe island was performed to clarify the status of parasitic infection by direct smear in 1981. The results were as follows; 1. Helminths found included Ascaris lumbricoides (2 cases, 0.95%), Trichuris trichiura (3 cases, 1.43%), and Heterophyes heterophyes (11 cases, 5.24%). 2. The average infection rate was 7.62% for the whole area. 3. Heterophyiasis showed a tendency to increase.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-61982ネコの前および中シルビウス上回への視床投射機構に関する研究567580ENHiroakiMatsuokaThe organization of thalamic projections to the anterior and middle suprasylvian gyri in the cat has been studied by retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. Area 5 receives a large number of fibers from the posterior lateral nucleus, and a few fibers from the dorsal lateral nucleus. It receives many fibers from the ventrolateral part of the medial pulvinar nucleus and from the suprageniculate and lateral pulvinar nuclei. Area 5 receives a considerable number of fibers from the lateral central, anterior ventral and lateral ventral nuclei, and only a few fibers from the paracentral nucleus. Area 7 receives projections from the medial pulvinar nucleus (dorsolateral and ventrolateral parts) and the lateral pulvinar, dorsal lateral, posterior lateral and lateral central nuclei, and a lesser number from the anterior and lateral ventral nuclei. The suprageniculate and paracentral nuclei project only a few fibers to area 7. Area 21 has its main input from the medial pulvinar nucleus, mainly the dorsolateral part. It receives many fibers from the lateral pulvinar nucleus, and a few fibers from the dorsal lateral nucleus, the dorsolateral part of the posterior lateral nucleus and the lateral central and paracentral nuclei. Area 21 receives very few fibers from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (NIM and lamina B) and the inferior pulvinar nucleus, and receives no fibers from the anterior and lateral ventral nuclei. The thalamic afferents from the lateral bank of the lateral sulcus are similar to those from area 7. However, this cortical area receives more fibers from the posterior lateral nucleus, and fewer fibers from the paracentral, anterior ventral and lateral ventral nuclei. It receives scarcely any fibers from the suprageniculate nucleus. The lateral bank of the middle suprasylvian sulcus (Clare-Bishop area) receives cortical afferents mainly from the inferior pulvinar nucleus. It also receives fibers from the medial pulvinar nucleus, and in lesser numbers from the lateral pulvinar and posterior lateral nuclei. It receives a few fibers from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, particularly NIM and lamina B, and very few fibers from the suprageniculate, lateral central and paracentral nuclei.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-61982トリプシン及びコラゲナーゼ還流分散成熟ラット肝細胞の性状の差異553566ENMasakazuTsunashimaPrimary cultures of liver cells isolated from adult rats by trypsin-and collagenaseperfusion technique were carried out to compare biological and biochemical properties of the enzymatically prepared liver cells. (1) The population of isolated liver cells prepared with trypsin was rich in cells with smaller sizes compared with that with collagenase. On the other hand, the population of the collagenase-dispersed liver cells contained many more cells with larger sizes as compared with the former. (2) The cell attachment efficiency on the 1st culture day was about twice as high in the liver cells prepared with collagenase than with trypsin. (3) Mature hepatocytes isolated by collagenase-perfusion could be maintained in primary culture for a longer time than those by trypsin-perfusion. In primary culture of the trypsin-dispersed liver cells, immature hepatocytes started growing after a lag period of 1 day and the number of cultured cells reached a maximal level on the 8th culture day. However, the collagenase-dispersed liver cells in primary culture continued to decrease in number from the 1st to 10th culture day, and then the remaining immature hepatocytes started growing gradually. Furthermore, earlier proliferation of immature hepatocytes could not be induced by trypsinization of the collagenase-dispersed liver cells 1day after initiation of primary culture. (4) Both of the enzymatically prepared liver cells showed albumin production, and exhibited G6Pase and TAT activities for a week in primary culture. The levels of G6Pase activities were nearly the same in both of the enzymatically prepared liver cells. But albumin production was higher in the liver cells prepared with collagenase than with trypsin. Especially, the level of TAT activities up to 2nd culture day was about three times higher in the liver cells prepared with collagenase than those with trypsin. (5) In both of the primary culture systems, combined supplementation of dexamethasone (10-5M) and insulin (10μg/ml) consistently improved the cell attachment efficiency and was also very effective for maintenance of mature hepatocytes. Furthermore, these hormones enhanced albumin production and TAT activities in both of the enzymatically prepared liver cells in primary culture. But the liver cells prepared by collagenase-perfusion had a higher response to these hormones than those by trypsinperfusion. (6) From these observations described above, it seems that the population of liver cells prepared with trypsin would contain much more immature hepatocytes with a higher proliferative ability than that with collagenase. On the other hand, collagenase would isolate highly intact mature hepatocytes from rat liver as compared with trypsin. Therefore, the use of liver cells isolated by trypsin-perfusion may be desirable for obtaining rapid growth of immature hepatocytes. On the other hand, the use of collagenase dispersed liver cells may be preferred for maintaining mature hepatocytes with specialized liver functions for a longer time in primary culture.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-61982顔面痙攣の臨床と予後545551ENYasuyukiNishiiHiroshiSuwakiSaburoOtsukiWe conducted a prognostic study of 78cases with hemifacial spasm by questionaire from January to June, 1980. On the avarage 11.5 years had passed since consultation with a physician. There were 44 respondents, the response rate being 56.4 percent. Excluding 2 deceased, the results obtained from 42 cases were compared mainly with the reports of Ehni and Wakasugi. There were 29 female cases(69.0%) and 13 male cases (31.0%). As to the age at onset, the disease started from the age of 20 on but developed most frequently in their 20s-50s. Aggravation of symptoms due to psychological stress was seen in many of the cases. Three cases (7.0%) showed a family history of facial spasm. According to the clinical course after medical treatment, 7cases became worsen (15.9%), 10 remained unchanged (22.7%), 20 improved (45.5%), 5 remitted (11.4%) and 2 died (4.5%), which was nearly in agreement with the results of Ehni. As to the treatment, pharmacotherapy led to improvement in symptoms in about half of the cases but the duration of effectiveness was not satisfactory. As for fifteen cases which had been under facial nerve block, all but one case showed recurrence of the symptoms within three years. Psychological factors were concerned with the clinical course of this disease. In the treatment, therefore, it appeared necessary to give enough consideration to the psychosomatic aspect.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-619826c/s spike and waveのDiphenhydramine hydrochloride(DPHm)による賦活 ―特にwave and spike phantom(WSP)の性状について―531544ENShigeruTakahashiThe incidence of 6c/s spike and wave or wave and spike phantom(WSP) was examined by administration of diphenhydramine hydrochloride(DPHm). And the nature of 6c/s spike and wave or WSP was studied. 1. There were 787 subjects, all of whom were healthy young males with a mean age of 24.4years. The incidence of WSP in these subjects before administration of DPHm was 1.0% . Of these, 470 subjects were given DPHm. The incidence of WSP after DPHm administration was 16.4% . WSP incidence after DPHm administration was much higher than that of routine EEG recordings. 2. Dosage of DPHm were 0.5mg/kg(N=52), 1.0mg/kg(N=72), 1.5mg/kg(N=189), 2.0mg/kg(N=157). The incidence of WSP did not vary with the dosage. 3. Comparisons were made between the WSP positive and negative subjects in past histories, Cornell Medical Index results and in the basic activity of each EEG recordings. No significant differences were observed in these parameters. 4. Ninety-five subjects were injected first with DPHm 1.5mg/kg. Bemegride (Bg) was administered to the subjects showing WSP after DPHm injection. One hundred nine-teen other subjects were injected first with Bg 50mg. Subjects showing paroxysmal discharges with spike components after Bg were given DPHm 1.5mg/kg. The incidence after Bg and the incidence after DPHm were closely resembled each other. 5. These wave forms provoked by both DPHm and Bg administration were compared in the same individual. DPHm induced almost exclusively WSP form. Bg mainly showed atypical spike and wave form. Thus the author speculated that the WSP and the atypical spike and wave are the continuum. 6. Carefull attention should be given to the clinical diagnosis in cases where WSP has been demonstrated only by DPHm. 7. WSP after DPHm administration should be considered as a subclinical electrical manifestation. The incidence was very different according to age. 8. This study showed the possibility of DPHm having the property of the active activator.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-61982膠原病,乾燥症候群および正常人における抗Rheumatoid Arthritis Nuclear Antigen(RANA)抗体の検討519529ENYoshioFurutaAntibodies to rheumatoid arthritis nuclear antigen(RANA) were detected with a double immunodiffusion technique in 0.4% agarose using saline soluble extract from cultured Raji cells as a cellular antigen. Anti RANA antibody was found in 59 of 60(98%) sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA), 43 of 45(96%) with systemic lupus erythematosus, all 10(100%) with polymyositis or dermatomyositis, all 6(100%) with sclerodermatomyositis, 16 of 17(94%) with scleroderma, 20 of 21(95%) with mixed connective tissue disease, all 32(100%) with undifferentiated connective tissue disease having anti RNP antibody, 44 of 45(98%) with sicca complex and 40 of 44(91%) from normal subjects. There was no significant difference among the prevalence of this antibody. Anti RANA titers were compared between RA patients and normal persons. The geometric mean titer in RA patients was 24.8 and that in normal subjects was 14.6. The former was significantly higher than the latter(P<0.05). The median of the titers, however, was 16 in both groups and the difference of the titers between two groups was not considered to be useful in clinical diagnosis. The correlation coefficient between anti RANA titers and the titers of antibodies to Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen(EBNA) was 0.54(P<0.01) in 44 normal subjects. RANA was detected in extracts from B lymphoblastoid cell lines, Raji and B95-8, and was not present in extracts from B lymphoblastoid cell line, BL, or T lymphoblastoid cell line, MT-1. Raji and B95-8 contained EBNA but BL and MT-1 did not. The present study suggests that anti RANA antibody is closely related to anti EBNA antibody. The presence of anti RANA antibody might suggest prior infection with Epstein-Barr virus.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-61982急性肝内胆汁うつ滞を呈した散発性A型肝炎の2例509517ENHiromichiOgawaGotaroYamadaTetsuyaFukudaIchinosukeHyodoTakashiNishiharaMotowoMizunoYujiSakamotoTatsuyaItoshimaHideoNagashimaTwo cases (a 59-yr-old male and 41-yr-old male) of acute intrahepatic cholestasis in 66 sporadic A type hepatitis patients are presented. They were diagnosed as A type hepatitis by the elevation of IgM type antibody to hepatitis A virus using an HAVAB-M kit. Both cases developed jaundice with typical previous symptoms as the common cold. Serum transaminases returned to normal in 3 or 4 weeks from onset, but serum total bilirubin increased to 20.0mg/dl in the first case and to 17.2mg/dl in the second. Ultrasonography and computed tomography failed to show extrahepatic cholestasis, and corticosteroids were administered. The first case recovered in 2 months and the second case recovered in 4 hospital months. Laparoscopic examination on the second case, 4 months from onset, revealed green-colored liver with many depressions on the surface. Liver biopsy specimen showed the convalescent stage of acute hepatitis accompanied with acute intrahepatic cholestasis.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-61982マウス肝髄外造血に及ぼす性及び週令の影響について503507ENMasaharuMoriKeiziKirizukaShuNakamotoYoshitoSadahiraMichiyasuAwaiSatimaruSenoActive extramedullary hemopoiesis developed in liver of adult female mice by blood depletion of splenectomized animals. Observations were made on adult C(3)H/He mice, males and females of 6 weeks and 6 months old. The mice were splenectomized and the blood was depleted by 0.6ml/once 20days after splenectomy. The hematocrit value decreased to about 30% at 2days after blood depletion and recovered to near normal level after 10days. No significant differences were observed in the hematocrit value in all the animals observed. Reticulocyte counts increased to 20-28% 4-6days after blood depletion with rapid decrease for the following 4days and then returned to the normal level 25-30days after depletion. The maximum level of reticulocyte counts was highest in aged females(28% ) and lowest in young males(20% ). The number of hemopoietic foci in liver observed on HE stained tissue sections showed a marked difference in each group. Male animals, both young and aged, developed no hemopoietic foci. Females developed many foci in liver, higher values in aged females than young ones. Discussion was made on the reason why aged females developed a large number of foci in liver.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-61982Dexamethasoneの抗脳浮腫作用に関する実験的研究 ―凍結損傷脳における(3)H-dexamethasoneの経時的濃度変化と,組織内の分布についての検討―487502ENMotohisaTakemoto脳神経外科的疾患に随伴する脳浮腫の予防および治療を目的として, glucocorticoid剤が,臨床上広く用いられている.しかし,現在のところ, glucocorticoid剤の脳浮腫抑制効果発現の作用機序については,いまだ明確な結論がえられず,ただ単に臨床経験的に使用されているにすぎないのが現状である.近年ようやくglucocorticoid剤の大量投与時に,血液中,髄液中の濃度を測定し,その使用方法,投与量についての再検討がなされつつある(1),2)).しかし,その抗脳浮腫作用の面に注目して,実際に,脳組織中濃度変化に関して検討を加えた報告は,未だ数少ない(3),4)).そこで,実験動物に,凍結損傷法による脳浮腫を作成し,臨床上よく用いられるglucocorticoid剤であるdexamethasoneの(3)H標識化合物をとりあげ,浮腫脳組織中におけるその経時的濃度変化と分布について検索を行ない,本剤の最適な投与方法,投与量を決定するとともに,その抗脳浮腫作用の作用機序の一端を明らかにせんと試みたので若干の文献的考察を加え報告する.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-61982ヒスタミン脳内投与による鎮痛作用発現について471485ENIkuoOkada中枢神経系に関するcatecholamine(CA)や5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)の生化学的及び薬理学的研究に比較すると,Histamine(Hi)の中枢作用は最近急速に注目を浴びてはいるが,まだ充分には理解されていない.しかし,哺乳動物の中枢神経系内におけるHiの分布は,CAや5-HTと極めて類似し,特に下垂体や視床下部には高濃度に分布する事が知られており(1)),Hiも中枢神経系においてneurotransmitterまたはneuromodulatorとしての役割を果している可能性は高いと考えられている(2)).Feldbergら(3))は,無麻酔ネコの側脳室にHi 100μg/bodyを注入した際,ネコの活動性が低下し,傾眠や筋力低下が観察される事を報告している.最近,Nowakら(4))はHiをラット脳室内に投与した際,運動量の低下やcatalepsyの発現がみられる事を報告している.また,ラット脳室内へのHi投与後に,動脈血圧が上昇する事も知られている(5)).マウスの場合には,Hiの脳内投与後体温下降が誘発される事が報告されている(6)).このようにHiの脳室内投与が,動物の行動,体温,血圧等に影響を与える事は知られているが,Hiが鎮痛効果を誘発し得るか否かについて検討された報告は見当らない.Hiをヒトに静注すると,搏動性の頭痛が誘発され(7)),皮内注射では局所の疼痛を惹起する事(8))が知られている.しかし, Sanuki(9))は,マウスにHiの大量を皮下注射したところ,鎮痛効果がみられたと報告している.Hiをマウスの末梢側に非経口投与した際発現する種々な中枢作用には,脳内にとりこまれたHiが関与している可能性が報告されている(10,11))ので,Sanukiの実験でも末梢側に投与された大量のHiの一部が中枢神経系に移行し,鎮痛効果を発現している可能性は否定できない.著者はマウス脳内にHiを投与した際,鎮痛効果と可成り密接に相関すると考えられる仮性疼痛反応に対するHiの効果を調べると共に,morphineやその関連物質の前処置がHiの効果をいかに修飾するのかを調べ,Hi鎮痛効果発現の機序についても検討した.また,Hiの鎮痛効果がH(1)またはH(2)-receptorのいずれとより密接に相関するのかについての検討も併せて行なった.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-61982尿蛋白を指標とした運動負荷に関する研究 第2報 剣道における尿蛋白の変動463470ENTakehiroIzumiIn the present study, the author selected Kendo among many sports because of the lack of information on the health administration of the Kendo athlete, in spite of the increase in this sport. The present study is specifically concerned with the changes in the excretion of urinary protein as an index of physical exertion during and after Kendo exercise. (1) The longer the duration of exercise was, the more urinary protein that was excreted. The increase was logarithmic against the duration. (2) When the total exercise duration in a day was from 1 to 2 hours, the excretion of urinary protein increased logarithmically, but from 2 to 3 hours it did not change significantly. Over 5 hours it increased again remarkably. (3) In the recovery process after Kendo excercise for 2 hours, an excess amount of urinary protein excretion was observed within 0-30 minutes after stopping excercise. After 30-60 minutes although the tendency of recovery was observed, the individual variation was high in this period. After 150 minutes, the urinary protein excretion of all specimens returned to the level which was observed before the excercise. (4) In conclusion, the excretion rate of urinary protein per unit time seemed to be a more suitable index of the severity of the exercise and the restoration from exertion of Kendo athlete than the level of urinary protein easily affected by condensation of excreted urine.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-61982尿蛋白を指標とした運動負荷に関する研究 第1報 尿微量蛋白定量法とその検体尿の保存法の検討453462ENTakehiroIzumiThe present paper concerns the semi-quantification and micro-quantification of urinary proteins with emphasis on the application of them to the public health area for determining illness, industrial poisoning and physical fitness. The present experiments were designed to examine the relationship between the results in the reading of urinary protein levels by a dip-stick method and the levels measured by micro-quantification using the trichloroacetic acid-Ponceau S reagent method (P-S method). The effects of the preservation of urine specimens on the levels measured by the above methods were also examined. The results were as follows: 1. Although the dip-stick method was useful for the semi-quantification of urine specimens with protein levels above 30mg/dl, readings below 30mg/dl were uncertain. Levels measured by the P-S method had a range of 1.6mg/dl to 8.0mg/dl. For the micro-quantification of urinary protein in the above cases, the P-S method was suitable because of it's low detection limit (1.0mg/dl protein concentration) and of little discrepancy between the sensitivity to albumin and globulin. 2. The readings of the dip-stick method coincided in 80% of urine specimens preserved for 22days in a feezer at -20℃ with their initial readings. On the other hand, the protein levels measured by the P-S method below 30mg/dl varied from the initial ones after the preservation airtightly at room temperature, at 4℃ in a refrigerator and even at -20℃ in a freezer for a day or more. In the case of urine specimens which contained 30mg/dl protein or above, no significant change was observed after the preservation in a refrigerator or a freezer. The destruction of various cell components in urine might cause the variation, in contrast to albumin that is destroyed little during preservation. The author concludes that the protein concentration of urine specimen with a dip-stick reading below 30mg/dl should be measured as soon as possible by the P-S method, when a detailed quantification is required.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-61982無カタラーゼ血症に関する研究 第二編 正常および無カタラーゼ血症マウスの赤血球からのカリウムイオン遊出について447452ENSeiichiMatsudaA study of erythrocyte fragility caused by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) of relatively high concentration was conducted by means of measuring potassium ion (K(+)) release from erythrocytes by potassium ion electrode. Erythrocytes used in this experiment were of normal and acatalasemic mice. The following results were obtained; 1. K(+) release from red blood cells of normal mice was more than that from red blood cells of acatalasemic mice. 2. In the presence of ethylalcohol (EtOH), K(+) release from red blood cells of normal mice was suppressed, while that from red blood cells of acatalasemic mice was scarcely influenced by the existence of EtOH. It is suggested that this phenomenon is due to the fact that catalase shows peroxidatic activity and decreased oxygen generation from H(2)O(2) in the presence of EtOH. 3. Discussion was made between hemolysis caused by hydrogen peroxide on one hand and fragility of red blood cell membrane and catalase activity on the other.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-61982無カタラーゼ血症に関する研究 第一編 過ホウ素酸ナトリウムを用いた低カタラーゼ血症の新しいスクリーニング法について, とくに自動酵素反応装置の製作について439445ENSeiichiMatsudaAn advanced screening method of hypocatalasemia was designd, using (1) perborate as substrate (perborate method) which is stabler and easier to prepare than hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) as substrate (H(2)O(2) method), and (2) an experimental device which makes the reaction procedure semi-automatic. The following results were obtained; 1. Regression equation was established between the catalase activities measured by perborate method and those of H(2)O(2) method. 2. Discriminant point was calculated from this equation with the discriminant value by H(2)O(2) method established by Ogata et al. The volume of potassium permanganate to be added for the final discrimination, thereby, was calculated. 3. The reaction procedure could be made semi-automatic by an experimental device which consists of a circulating water-bath and a rotary type fraction collecter. Eighteen specimens could be examined in about 10 minutes. 4. In borderline cases quantitative analysis is immediately available with this device.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-61982サルコイドージスに関する研究 第2編 末梢血単球機能の検討431438ENAkiraKondoFunctions of peripheral blood monocytes in 13 patients with sarcoidosis were studied and compared to normal individuals. The mean absolute number of monocytes was 277±121/cmm(M±SD) in sarcoidosis patients and 299±144/cmm in controls. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Lysosomal enzyme activity of monocytes was histochemically determined by ability of staining to beta-galactosidase. The mean percentage of beta-galactosidase positive monocytes was 35.8±16.9 in sarcoidosis patients and 33.7±12.1 in controls. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Monocyte chemotactic response was measured in vitro by Boyden's millipore technique-using zymosan activated human serum as chemoattractant. Chemotactic response was significantly reduced in sarcoidosis patients(28.2±7.0) compared with controls (34.8±8.0). Ability of monocyte to phagocytize the complement coated zymosan was also significantly lower in sarcoidosis patients(49.2±24.1) compared with controls (84.1±9.4). Monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity was tested by the inhibition of (3)H-thymidine uptake by two tumor cell lines. The growth-inhibitory activity was 87.0±8.6 in sarcoidosis patients and 85.5±8.0 in controls using human squamous lung cancer cell line(EBC-1) for the target cell, and 47.5±14.0 and 46.4±11.8 respectively using Hella cell. There was no significant difference between the two groups using either target cell.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-61982サルコイドージスに関する研究 第1編 臨床集計と血清Angiotensin converting enzyme活性の検討423430ENAkiraKondoClinical features and serum ACE activity of 42 patients with sarcoidosis were analyzed and the following results were obtained. The patients ages ranged from 12 to 73 years old, with a median age of 39. Peaks in the age distribution were from 20 to 30 in males and 40 to 50 in females. 1) A scalene node biopsy in 24 out of 32 cases (75%) yielded a diagnosis of sarcoidosis, whereas the Kveim test was positive in only 2 out of 10 patients (20%). A negative PPD skin test was observed in 65% of the patients at their initial visit. Sixty-two percentage of patients who were sensitive to tuberculin before the onset of sarcoidosis became insensitive after acquisition of this illness. 2) A decreased number of peripheral lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes was found in 31% and 52% of the patients respectively, and an increased number of B-lymphocytes in 24% of the patients was observed. 3) The period for abnormal chest shadows to disappear ranged from 1 to 36 months, with a median of 10 months. Three cases whose abnormal chest shadow continued for more than 5 years were all female. 4) Serum ACE activity was significantly elevated in 19 patients with sarcoidosis compared with 15 normal subjects. Active sarcoidosis patients had significantly higher ACE activity than inactive patients (p<0.005). Serum ACE activity in patients with both bilateral hilar adenopathy and lung parenchymal involvement was significantly higher than in patients with bilateral hilar adenopathy alone (p< 0.05). 5) The patients receiving steroids had significantly lower ACE activity than patients receiving no steroids (p<0.05). These findings indicate that measurement of serum ACE activity in patients with sarcoidosis is one of the most useful indicators for the therapy of this illness.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-61982Cephalosporin系抗生物質の痙攣誘発作用について 第1報 Cephalosporin系抗生物質の脳室内投与による痙攣誘発作用とその構造ー活性相関405421ENNobuyukiIkegamiNewton and Abraham(1))により見い出されたcephalosporin Cが,現在のcephalosporin系抗生物質のprototypeである.この薬物は, penicillinやchloramphenicolに比較するとその抗菌力は必ずしも強くないが,広域な抗菌スペクトルを有し,penicillinaseに比較的抵抗し得る事が特長であった.その化学構造は,penicillin Gに類似したβ-lactam環を有する7-amino-cephalosporanic acidを基本骨格としている事が明らかとなり,この骨格に種々な側鎖を結合する事により,抗菌力,安定性のより優れた半合成の類似化合物が多数作られた.これらの半合成cephalosporin系抗生物質は,グラム陽性球菌,グラム陰性球菌,グラム陽性桿菌及び一部のグラム陰性桿菌に対し殺菌的に作用し,しかも抗菌作用も強く,またpenicillinに対し耐性を獲得した梅毒トレポネーマやブドウ球菌に対しても有効(2))であるため,広く臨床で使用されている.口腔外科領域においても,これらのcephalosporin系抗生物質の静脈内投与や点滴静注が繁用されており,しかも投与量は時に数gの大量に達する.一方,penicillin Gの静脈内投与後に痙攣が誘発されたという報告(3,4))があり,また,penicillin Gの大脳皮質内適用後誘発される痙攣は,抗痙攣薬の薬効評価に用いられている程周知である(5,6)).penicillin Gによる痙攣誘発作用は,その構造内のβ-lactam環が関与すると考えられている(7,8)).もし,この説が正しければ,その構造式にβ-lactam環をもっているcephalosporin系抗生物質も当然penicillinと同様な痙攣誘発作用をもつ可能性がある.この仮説の当否を調べ,且つ種々な化学構造をもつcephalosporin系抗生物質の痙攣誘発効果の強弱が,それらの化学構造とどのような相関を示すのかを検討する目的で本実験を行なった.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-1558945-61982母指の手根中手関節,中手指節関節,指節間関節の骨の形態に関する研究393404ENToshinoriMonzenIn order to study the osseous structure and trabecular architecture of the carpometacarpal, metacarpal and interphalangeal joints of the thumb, seventeen thumbs were obtained from nine cadvers. The specimens were fixed with 10 per cent formalin washed in water for 24 hours dehydrated in a graded series of 70, 90 and 99 per cent ethyl alcohol for 24 hours at each concentration dried at room temperature for 4 hours, then embeded in polyester resin. The embeded specimens were cut into serial sections with a high speed cutter. The planes of cutting were five in the carpometacarpal joint, and two in the metacarpal and interphalangeal joints. The results were as follows: 1. At the maximum rectangular abduction of the carpometacarpal joint, the prominence of the metacarpal bone was locked with a hollow of the dorsal aspect of the trapezium. Thus, the joint was most stable in this position. 2. Great freedom of motion was obseved during abduction of the carpometacarpal joint, because there was no locking mechanism of the articular surface in the plane of abduction. However, flexion of the carpometacarpal joint was limited by the tubercle of the trapezium. 3. The metacarpal bone rotated in opposition with the thumb, because the carpometacarpal joint was not a complete saddle joint. The shape of the articular surface was not a concentric circle in the five cutting planes of the present study. 4. The metacarpophalageal joint was ellipsoid which showed three freedoms of motion. 5. The interphalageal joint was a hinge joint. 6. The trabecular orientation of the trapezium, metacarpal and phalageal bones was simpler than the weight bearing joints of the lower extremity. The trabeculae perpendicular to the joint surgface were crossed with the trabeculae oriented parallel to the articular surfaces. They crossed each other at right angles. These findings were considered to support the classical trajectorial theory.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.