start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=91
cd-vols=
no-issue=7-8
article-no=
start-page=1035
end-page=1064
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1979
dt-pub=19790830
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Microvascular changes of gastric mucosa in the development of stress ulcer in rats A scanning electron microscopic study of vascular casts
kn-title=血管鋳型法による実験的急性胃潰瘍の胃粘膜微細血管構築に関する走査電子顕微鏡的研究
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Under a scanning electron microscope, the microcirculation in the stomachs of rats under stress was observed by a corrosion casting technique. Stress ulcers were induced by a cold immersion and restraint method. After a short time of stress, the vascular pattern showed serpentining and narrowing of the capillaries and a local depression of the capillary network. After a moderately long time, defects in the vascular network began to appear and outflowings of Mercox from the venule became prominant. Casts of interrupted collecting venules were frequently seen. With further increase in the time of stress, the interruptions in the cast of the capillaries and collecting venules which were dilated, increased. These vessel changes descended deeper and deeper into the mucosa vessels but were limited to the laminapropria and did not extend to the muscularis mucosae. After stress following truncal vagotomy, the vasculature showed serpenting and narrowing of the capillaries. But there were few defects in the capillaries and capillary network. In the case released from a short time of stress, Y-shaped duplicated vessels were often observed on the defective capillaries. In the case released from prolonged stress, newborn buds were seen on the defective capillaries and collecting vessels. Duplicated capillaries and collecting vessels ran toward the surface of the mucosa.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=ChikasawaNobuyoshi
en-aut-sei=Chikasawa
en-aut-mei=Nobuyoshi
kn-aut-name=近沢信儀
kn-aut-sei=近沢
kn-aut-mei=信儀
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1外科教室
en-keyword=ストレス潰瘍
kn-keyword=ストレス潰瘍
en-keyword=メルコックス樹脂
kn-keyword=メルコックス樹脂
en-keyword=毛細血管の蛇行
kn-keyword=毛細血管の蛇行
en-keyword=血行の途絶
kn-keyword=血行の途絶
en-keyword=樹脂の流出像
kn-keyword=樹脂の流出像
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=91
cd-vols=
no-issue=7-8
article-no=
start-page=1017
end-page=1034
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1979
dt-pub=19790830
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Effect of acetylcholine and pilocarpine on coronary hemodynamics in dogs
kn-title=Acetylcholine, Pilocarpineの冠血行動態に与える影響について
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=The effects of Acetylcholine and Pilocarpine on coronary hemodynamics were studied using anesthetized open-chest dogs. The results were as follows: 1) Coronary vasodilating effect, decrease in heart rate, lowering in blood pressure and diminishing in myocardial contractility occurred immediately after the administration of Acetylcholine and Pilocarpine. (Muscarinic action) 2) Increases of blood pressure, coronary vascular resistance and myocardial contractility were recognized following muscarinic action (as mentioned above) by Pilocarpine, but not by Acetylcholine. The influence of an alpha adrenergic blocking agent (Phentolamine) on changes of blood pressure and coronary vascular resistance during 1 min. to 5 min. after the administration of Acetylcholine, but not of Pilocarpine, was observed. This suggested that the difference in reactions between Acetylcholine and Pilocarpine was probably caused by the different content of catecholamines released by the two drugs, and that not only alpha adrenergic receptor but also mechanisms other than the alpha adrenergic receptor were concerned in the recovery of blood pressure. 3) With Acetylcholine, coronary blood flow increased transientry. Decrease in coronary blood flow was observed with Pilocarpine. This was caused by increase in coronary vascular resistance and myocardial contractility. 4) After the administrations of these two drugs, myocardial blood flow to the outer-layer increased in accord with the increase of coronary blood flow, and myocardial blood flow to the inner-layer decreased in accord with the lowering of blood pressure.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=FujimotoToshio
en-aut-sei=Fujimoto
en-aut-mei=Toshio
kn-aut-name=藤本俊夫
kn-aut-sei=藤本
kn-aut-mei=俊夫
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科
en-keyword=アセチルコリン
kn-keyword=アセチルコリン
en-keyword=ピロカルピン
kn-keyword=ピロカルピン
en-keyword=冠血行動態
kn-keyword=冠血行動態
en-keyword=心筋局所血流
kn-keyword=心筋局所血流
en-keyword=交叉熱電対
kn-keyword=交叉熱電対
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=91
cd-vols=
no-issue=7-8
article-no=
start-page=1005
end-page=1016
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1979
dt-pub=19790830
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=The effect of variations in the antero-posterior distance of the trunk on vectorcardiography in the Frank system and the modified Frank system Part 2. Clinical studies on the Frank system and the modified Frank system
kn-title=胸郭前後径の変化がFrank法ベクトル心電図に及ぼす影響とその修正法 第2編 Frank法, Frank修正法の臨床的検討
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=The Frank system was compared to my modified system in 55 healthy adult men in order to investigate the effect of variation in the antero-posterior distance of the trunk. The modified Frank system described in the preceding paper was investigated in two groups who were divided according to the ratio of antero-posterior to right-left distance. The modified Frank system 1 was applied to group 1, and the modified Frank system 2 was applied to group 2. The following results were obtained: 1. The magnitude of the maximum QRS vector in the modified system increased in the sagittal plane and in space in comparison with that of the Frank system. The direction of the maximum QRS vector was located anteriorly in the horizontal plane and in azimuth, and elevation shifted to vertical. 2. The magnitude of the maximum T vector in the modified system increased in space. The direction of the maximum T vector was located vertically in the frontal plane and in the sagittal plane and in elevation.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=MandaiNobuyoshi
en-aut-sei=Mandai
en-aut-mei=Nobuyoshi
kn-aut-name=万袋喜敬
kn-aut-sei=万袋
kn-aut-mei=喜敬
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科学教室
en-keyword=フランク法ベクトル心電図
kn-keyword=フランク法ベクトル心電図
en-keyword=フランク修正法
kn-keyword=フランク修正法
en-keyword=体型による差
kn-keyword=体型による差
en-keyword=成人男子正常値
kn-keyword=成人男子正常値
en-keyword=誘導法の比較
kn-keyword=誘導法の比較
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=91
cd-vols=
no-issue=7-8
article-no=
start-page=997
end-page=1003
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1979
dt-pub=19790830
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=The effect of variations in the antero-posterior distance of the trunk on vectorcardiography in the Frank system and the modified Frank system Part 1. Experimental studies with Elliptical Cylinders
kn-title=胸郭前後径の変化がFrank法ベクトル心電図に及ぼす影響とその修正法 第1編 胴体模型実験による基礎的検討
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=By using elliptical cylinders containing a homogenous volume conductor, the effect of antero-posterior distance of the trunk on the lead vector in the Frank system was investigated. The modified methods described below were found to improve normality and orthogonality in the lead vector of the Frank system when the antero-posterior distance of the trunk was short. 1. The connection of electrode M and F was disconnected. 2. The Shunt resistance of leads X and Z was changed in order to correct the distortion of lead vectors caused by variable antero-posterior distance of the trunk. The following results were obtained: 1. When the antero-posterior distance of the trunk decreased, the magnitude of lead vectors X and Z in the Frank system increased more than that of Y and, therefore, normality and orthogonality of this system deteriorated. 2. In my modified Frank system, as increase in the magnitude of the vector in lead Y and decrease in that of lead Z appeared, normality improved and orthogonality advanced only in lead Y.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=MandaiNobuyoshi
en-aut-sei=Mandai
en-aut-mei=Nobuyoshi
kn-aut-name=万袋喜敬
kn-aut-sei=万袋
kn-aut-mei=喜敬
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科学教室
en-keyword=フランク法ベクトル心電図
kn-keyword=フランク法ベクトル心電図
en-keyword=誘導ベクトル
kn-keyword=誘導ベクトル
en-keyword=胸郭前後径の影響
kn-keyword=胸郭前後径の影響
en-keyword=フランク法の修正
kn-keyword=フランク法の修正
en-keyword=誘導法の比較
kn-keyword=誘導法の比較
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=91
cd-vols=
no-issue=7-8
article-no=
start-page=977
end-page=995
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1979
dt-pub=19790830
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Experimental study of acute brain swelling under acute intracranial hypertension -Cerebral acid-base balance, gas metabolism and cerebral vasoparalysis-
kn-title=急性頭蓋内圧亢進時の脳腫脹に関する実験的研究 ―脳静脈血および髄液の酸塩基平衡とcerebral vasoparalysis―
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Acid-base and gas parameters of CSF and sagittal sinus blood were examined to investigate the pathogenesis of acute brain swelling following elevation of ICP. Acute intracranial hypertension was produced in 26 adult mongrel dogs by means of unilateral epidural balloon inflation. ICP was monitored by a small epidural balloon connected to a pressure transducer and recorded by a strip recorder. Arterial blood pH, pCO(2) and pO(2) were measured every 10 min. during the course of the experiment, and were kept within normal range by artificial ventilation. Venous blood from the superior sagittal sinus and CSF from the cisterns magna were also sampled for pH, pCO(2) and pO(2) measurement. Cortical pH was measured using a microglass electrode placed on the brain surface. EEG was recorded in the bilateral frontoparietal cortical region. Changes of the ICP were recorded after 10% CO(2) inhalation in order to estimate CO(2) reactivity of the cerebral vessels under intracranial hypertension. Animals used were divided into two groups: Group A consisted of six animals in which the epidural balloon was inflated to 6 ml. resulting in increase of ICP to 50-100 mmHg. Group B included 20 animals in which the epidural balloon was inflated to the level where the so called Cushing's response was observed. In both groups, the balloon was abruptly deflated at the point where a desingated intracranial hypertension was obtained. In 9 out of 20 animals of Group B, ICP spontaneously increased again after deflation of the epidural balloon; this situation was called "acute brain swelling". In these animals with acute brain swelling, acid-base measurement revealed not only lowering of pH in cerebral venous blood, CSF and cerebral cortical surface, but also a significant increase in pCO(2) in both cerebral venous blood and CSF. Disappearance of CO(2) reactivity of cerebral vessels associated with isoelectric EEG was observed in these animals as well. On the other hand, acute brain swelling did not develop in the animals of Group A which did not lose CO(2) reactivity with EEG and remained normal. These animals showed no disorder of acid-base balance and gas metabolism in CSF and cerebral venous blood. In order to treat cerebral acidosis and hypercapnia in 9 animals which developed acute brain swelling, the alkalizing agent, tris hydroxy methyl amino methane (THAM) was administered and its beneficial effect on the acute brain swelling was examined. After drip infusion of 0.3 mole THAM (10 ml/kg), acidosis and hypercapnia of CSF and cerebral venous blood improved in 7 out of 9 animals. These results indicate that acute brain swelling following intracranial hypertension results from cerebral vasoparesis which is mainly caused by metabolic abnormalities such as cerebral acidosis and/or cerebral hypercapnia. Moreover it is suggested that THAM is an useful agent for combating acute brain swelling since it acts to restore cerebral vasomotor tone.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=AkiokaTatsuro
en-aut-sei=Akioka
en-aut-mei=Tatsuro
kn-aut-name=秋岡達郎
kn-aut-sei=秋岡
kn-aut-mei=達郎
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科教室
en-keyword=急性頭蓋内圧亢進
kn-keyword=急性頭蓋内圧亢進
en-keyword=急性脳腫脹
kn-keyword=急性脳腫脹
en-keyword=cerebral vasoparalysis
kn-keyword=cerebral vasoparalysis
en-keyword=THAM
kn-keyword=THAM
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=91
cd-vols=
no-issue=7-8
article-no=
start-page=961
end-page=976
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1979
dt-pub=19790830
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=A study of electrophysiological changes following local brain compression with a brain spatula II. Predictive indicators of postoperative neuronal dysfucntion
kn-title=局所脳圧迫による神経機能障害に関する基礎的研究 第2編 術後に神経機能障害を残さないための術中の指標について
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=To evaluate the effect of brain retraction during neurosurgical procedures, changes of N(1) components of somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), cortical blood flow (CoBF) by a hydrogen clearance method and histology were studied following local brain compression with a brain spatula in 25 mongrel dogs. Local compression pressure (LCP) at 20 mmHg for 30 minutes was applied four times with five minute intermissions during which time the pressure was completely released. In the same way, the procedures were done at varying levels of LCP, namely 40, 60 and 80 mmHg respectively. Results were as follows: 1) The more the numbers of repetitive compression increased at each pressure level or the more LCP was raised, the more both N(1) amplitude and CoBF decreased. 2) When LCP was more than 40 mmHg and/or N(1) amplitude decreased by more than 50 % during brain compression, SEP did not recover for two hours after compression was ceased. In addition, histological study demonstrated cortical microhemorrhage and edema. It is likely that LCP over 40 mmHg and reduction of N(1) amplitude by more than 50 % during brain retraction produces postoperative neuronal dysfunction. 3) In the noncompressed hemisphere, N(1) amplitude, CoBF and histology were not changed to any significant degree.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=FujimotoSyunichiro
en-aut-sei=Fujimoto
en-aut-mei=Syunichiro
kn-aut-name=藤本俊一郎
kn-aut-sei=藤本
kn-aut-mei=俊一郎
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科教室
en-keyword=脳箆
kn-keyword=脳箆
en-keyword=局所脳圧迫
kn-keyword=局所脳圧迫
en-keyword=水素クリアランス法
kn-keyword=水素クリアランス法
en-keyword=体性感覚誘発電位
kn-keyword=体性感覚誘発電位
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=91
cd-vols=
no-issue=7-8
article-no=
start-page=937
end-page=960
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1979
dt-pub=19790830
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=A study of electrophysiological changes following local brain compression with a brain spatula I. Basic experiment of hydrogen clearance method and the effect of decreased cerebral perfusion pressure on neuronal dysfunction
kn-title=局所脳圧迫による神経機能障害に関する基礎的研究 第1編 水素クリアランス法の基礎実験および脳灌流圧低下の神経機能に及ぼす影響
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Following brain retraction with graded local compression pressure (LCP), somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) to median nerve stimulation and cortical blood flow (CoBF) by a hydrogen clearance method were studied at the primary somatosensory area in mongrel dogs. LCP was raised by 10 mmHg every 30 minutes. As the first step, a basic experiment of the hydrogen clearance method was performed, and its reliability and usefulness were confirmed. Studies included changes of SEP, CoBF and histological examination following reduction of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). According to the different methods of producing reduction of CPP, dogs could be grouped into three. Group 1 consisted of 9 dogs in which CPP was reduced by exsanguination. Group 2 included 11 dogs which had normal saline infused into the cisterns magna. Group 3 was composed of 11 dogs which had local brain compression. In the exsanguination group, there was a threshold type relationship between N(1) amplitude of SEP and CoBF. N(1) amplitude started to be suppressed when CPP decreased to 40-50 mmHg (CoBF decreased by 35 % ), and was suppressed by 50 % when CPP became 30-40 mmHg, and it was finally abolished when CPP became 20-30 mmHg (CoBF decreased by 55 % ). There were no abnormal histological findings. This suggests that neuronal dysfunction is dependent only on reduction of cerebral blood flow. In the cisterns magna infusion group, changes of N(1) amplitude were quite different from those of the exsanguination group. N(1) amplitude started to decrease as cisterna magna pressure (CMP) increased despite CoBF remaining unchanged. N(1) amplitude had decreased by 50 % when CMP arose to 70 mmHg (CPP, 70-80 mmHg), and flattened when CMP was raised to over 110 mmHg (CCP, below 30 mmHg). It is assumed that neuronal dysfunction relied on not only CoBF reduction but also compression of nerve fibers secondary to dilation of ventricles and subarachnoid space. Local compression decreased both N(1) amplitude and CoBF more markedly than the other two groups. N(1) amplitude decreased as soon as local compression was added, was suppressed by 50 % at 50 mmHg of LCP (CPP, 90-100 mmHg), and flattened when LCP was elevated over 90 mmHg (CPP, below 60 mmHg). This suggests that the immediate, severe occurrence of neuronal dysfunction was due to both disturbance of cerebral circulation and destruction of neuronal architectures by brain distortion following mechanical injury. This study supports the concept that brain spatulae should be applied with caution during brain retraction in neurosurgical procedures because both cerebral circulation and neuronal function are easily disturbed.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=FujimotoSyunichiro
en-aut-sei=Fujimoto
en-aut-mei=Syunichiro
kn-aut-name=藤本俊一郎
kn-aut-sei=藤本
kn-aut-mei=俊一郎
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科教室
en-keyword=脳箆
kn-keyword=脳箆
en-keyword=局所脳圧迫
kn-keyword=局所脳圧迫
en-keyword=脳灌流圧低下
kn-keyword=脳灌流圧低下
en-keyword=水素クリアランス法
kn-keyword=水素クリアランス法
en-keyword=体性感覚誘発電位
kn-keyword=体性感覚誘発電位
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=91
cd-vols=
no-issue=7-8
article-no=
start-page=929
end-page=936
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1979
dt-pub=19790830
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Effects of intraperitoneal administration of vinblastine on avoidance and reward training in mice
kn-title=マウスの回避学習と報酬学習に及ぼすvinblastineの腹腔内投与の影響
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Destruction of microtubules by an antimitotic drug, e.g. vinblastine, leads to inhibition of axonal transport. This process may be important in the maintenance of synaptic viability or in the mediation of local changes in membrane structure during the formation and modification of synapses. The authors wondered, therefore, whether disruption of microtubules with vinblastine could alter the acquisition and retention of learning behaviour. The mice ddN-F10~F12 strain animals of age between 6 to 10 weeks were used. They were handled and allowed open field activity beforehand to get them used to the conditions of the experiments. The standard deviation in learning experiments based on avoidance training is large if inbred strains are used. Therefore, ddN strain mice, which have a large litter size and high training scores were selected for genetic improvement through avoidance training. The standard deviation of scores for the twelfth generation, that is ddN-F12, was significantly different from that of earlier generations. There were no remarkable differences between males and females. The effects of intraperitoneal administration of vinblastine were tested as the changes of body weight and open field activity performed at one week intervals. There were no marked differences between saline and vinblastine injected mice. Vinblastine studies were conducted by giving each animal an intraperitoneal dose of 50 μg in 0.5 ml of saline. Controls were given the same volumes of saline only. In mice given the injection one week before the first avoidance training session, learning ability in the first training session was much less than in the saline injected group. In the second and third training sessions, learning ability gradually increased to reach a normal rate. The mice injected immediately after the first avoidance training session showed a slight retardation of memory retention in the first training session after the injection, and no difference from saline injected animals in the second training session. The same results were obtained for the consolidated animals. Vinblastine did not cause any loss of memory in the first and second training sessions after the injection. In mice given the injection one week before the first reward training session, learning ability in the first training session was slightly increased, but in the second reward training session, memory acquisition was slightly decreased. Similar results were obtained for mice injected immediately after the first reward training session. After consolidation of memory, vinblastine did not cause any loss of memory. The mice were given a single intraperitoneal dose of (3)H-vinblastine (40μ Ci in 0.5 ml of saline). Animals were killed one hour, one day, or one week after injection and the brains was fixed. Sections were prepared for autoradiographic analysis. One hour after injection, label was present in the ependymal layer of ventricles. Twenty-four hours after injection, the intensity of label had increased in the ependymal and adjacent regions of the ventricles. One week after injection, grains still remained in the vicinity of the ventricles. The findings suggest that microtubules were deeply involved in memory formation and retention.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=MurakamiTetuhide H.
en-aut-sei=Murakami
en-aut-mei=Tetuhide H.
kn-aut-name=村上哲英
kn-aut-sei=村上
kn-aut-mei=哲英
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KishidaAkira
en-aut-sei=Kishida
en-aut-mei=Akira
kn-aut-name=岸田昭
kn-aut-sei=岸田
kn-aut-mei=昭
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KawakamiMasayuki
en-aut-sei=Kawakami
en-aut-mei=Masayuki
kn-aut-name=川上雅之
kn-aut-sei=川上
kn-aut-mei=雅之
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=

en-aut-name=YamaguchiTakamasa
en-aut-sei=Yamaguchi
en-aut-mei=Takamasa
kn-aut-name=山口隆昌
kn-aut-sei=山口
kn-aut-mei=隆昌
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KatayamaSho
en-aut-sei=Katayama
en-aut-mei=Sho
kn-aut-name=片山昭
kn-aut-sei=片山
kn-aut-mei=昭
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=

en-aut-name=DoiAkitaka
en-aut-sei=Doi
en-aut-mei=Akitaka
kn-aut-name=土井昭孚
kn-aut-sei=土井
kn-aut-mei=昭孚
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=

en-aut-name=NisidaIsamu
en-aut-sei=Nisida
en-aut-mei=Isamu
kn-aut-name=西田勇
kn-aut-sei=西田
kn-aut-mei=勇
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一生理学教室

affil-num=2
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一生理学教室

affil-num=3
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一生理学教室

affil-num=4
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一生理学教室

affil-num=5
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一生理学教室

affil-num=6
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一生理学教室

affil-num=7
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一生理学教室
en-keyword=回避学習
kn-keyword=回避学習
en-keyword=報酬学習
kn-keyword=報酬学習
en-keyword=vinblastine
kn-keyword=vinblastine
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=91
cd-vols=
no-issue=7-8
article-no=
start-page=905
end-page=927
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1979
dt-pub=19790830
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Relationship between thalamic and scalp alpha rhythms in man -with cross-spectral analysis-
kn-title=ヒトの視床脳波と頭皮上脳波のαリズムの相関に関する研究
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Thalamic and acalp EEGs were recorded simultaneously during stereotaxic surgery. Thalamic EEGs were recorded from the ventro-lateral (VL) nucleus of the thalamus in 19 patients with parkinsonism, and from the centre median (CM) nucleus in 3 with intractable pain. Scalp EEGs following thalamotomy were also recorded. These EEGs were analyzed quantitatively by means of cross-spectral analysis. The relationships between thalamic and scalp alpha rhythms and postoperative changes of scalp alpha rhythms were studied to investigate the hypothesis that the cortical alpha rhythms are paced by thalamic generators. The results were as follows: 1) The alpha rhythms in the thalamic VL and CM nuclei had the same frequency components as those in the scalp, and were more regular and predominant than those in the scalp. 2) Significant coherences were found between alpha rhythms in the thalamic VL and CM nuclei and those in the bilateral frontal, central and parietal scalp regions. The stronger coherences were found between VL thalamic alpha rhythms and frontal and central ones, and between CM thalamic alpha rhythms and central and parietal ones. 3) Among these alpha rhythms, there were found constant phase relationships that the alpha rhythms from the VL or CM thalamic nucleus were followed, in the order of time lag, by the scalp ones in the frontal, central and then parietal regions without interhemispheric phase lag. Interhemispheric time lag was not found. 4) The alpha-coherences between the contralateral central scalp region and the VL or CM nucleus were apt to be stronger than those between the two hemispheres.5) The alpha-coherences between the central scalp region and the CM nucleus were stronger than those between the central scalp region and the dorsomedial nucleus. 6) Intrathalamic and intrahemispheric alpha-coherences were stronger than those between thalamus and scalp. Intrathalamic alpha-coherences were the strongest and had a broad bandwidth. 7) Following VL or CM thalamotomy, alpha rhythms in the frontal, central and parietal regions slowed and became irregular in frequency, but the phase relationships in these alpha rhythms remained the same as preoperative ones which spread in anteroposterior direction. However, the coherences between the fronto-centro-parietal alpha rhythms and the occipital alpha rhythms became lessened and the phase lag between parietal and occipital alpha rhythms was prolonged. On the basis of these findings, it seems to indicate that the thalamus, with close intrathalamic and internuclear relationships, has an ability to generate more stable and regular alpha rhythms than the cortex, and that the individual thalamic nucleus has the ability to generate intrinsic alpha rhythms and to regulate the alpha rhythms arising in the cortical area which receives projections from the thalamic nucleus. It also suggests that the alpha rhythms in the fronto-centro-parietal cortex, with close relationships with VL and CM nucleus, are different to some degree in synchronization from the occipital alpha rhythms.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=MimuraYasunaga
en-aut-sei=Mimura
en-aut-mei=Yasunaga
kn-aut-name=三村恭永
kn-aut-sei=三村
kn-aut-mei=恭永
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科教室
en-keyword=脳波
kn-keyword=脳波
en-keyword=視床脳波
kn-keyword=視床脳波
en-keyword=αリズム
kn-keyword=αリズム
en-keyword=スペクトル分析
kn-keyword=スペクトル分析
en-keyword=定位脳手術
kn-keyword=定位脳手術
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=91
cd-vols=
no-issue=7-8
article-no=
start-page=893
end-page=904
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1979
dt-pub=19790830
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Regional CO(2) reactivity under acute intracranial hypertension due to a space occupying lesion
kn-title=頭蓋内占拠性病変による急性頭蓋内圧亢進の研究-とくに急性頭蓋内圧亢進時の局所脳血管緊張の部位的変化について-
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Regional CO(2) reactivity of different areas were observed during acute intracranial hypertension produced by extradural balloon compression in dogs. Regional CBF was measured by as heat clearance method with two thermocouple probes, 1) in the parietal area adjacent to the balloon and the contralateral parietal area, 2) in the adjacent parietal area and the ipsilateral occipital area remote from the balloon, 3) in the adjacent two areas, parietal and temporal, of the damaged hemisphere. ICP was measured by an epidural microballoon method and a fiber optic pressure switch (Ladd co.). The findings were as follows. 1. Regional CO(2) reactivity was impaired first in the area adjacent to the balloon, later in the remote area, and lastly in the contralateral area. 2. The impairment of regional CO(2) reactivity of the parietal area adjacent to the balloon and the contralateral parietal area could be classified into the following 5 stages. Stage 1: (ICP less than 20 mmHg) ICP and rCBF of both sides were increased by CO(2) inhalation. Stage 2: (ICP ca. 30 mmHg) ICP was increased more. In the contralateral area, rCBF was increased, but in the adjacent area, the increment of rCBF by CO(2) inhalation was diminished. Stage 3: (ICP ca. 45 mmHg) ICP was increased. In the contralateral area, rCBF was increased, but in the adjacent area, rCBF was decreased by CO(2) inhalation (paradoxical response i.e. intracerebral steal syndrome or intracerebral squeeze phenomenon). Stage 4: (ICP ca. 75 mmHg) ICP was increased, but rCBF on both sides was not increased by CO(2) inhalation. Stage 5: (ICP more than 100 mmHg) ICP and rCBF on both sides were not increased by CO(2) inhalation. 3. This dissociation of regional CO(2) reactivity in various areas would be caused by intracranial pressure gradients, and the consequent difference in local tissue metabolites.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=OkaoShojiro
en-aut-sei=Okao
en-aut-mei=Shojiro
kn-aut-name=岡尾昭二郎
kn-aut-sei=岡尾
kn-aut-mei=昭二郎
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科学教室
en-keyword=extradural balloon compression
kn-keyword=extradural balloon compression
en-keyword=acute intracranial hypertension
kn-keyword=acute intracranial hypertension
en-keyword=regional CO(2) reactivity
kn-keyword=regional CO(2) reactivity
en-keyword=local cerebral blood flow
kn-keyword=local cerebral blood flow
en-keyword=vasomotor tone
kn-keyword=vasomotor tone
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=91
cd-vols=
no-issue=7-8
article-no=
start-page=881
end-page=892
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1979
dt-pub=19790830
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Studies on cerebral hemodynamics during acute intracranial hypertension 2. The effects of acute increased intracranial pressure on cerebral blood volume
kn-title=急性頭蓋内圧亢進時の脳循環動態に関する研究 第2編 急性頭蓋内圧亢進と脳血液量の変動
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=During conditions of increased intracranial pressure (ICP), the cerebral blood volume (CBV) is thought to be an important factor producing acute brain swelling. Because of technical problems in measuring CBV, however, the changes in CBV during increased intracranial pressure are still poorly understood. In this study, during stepwise increases in ICP in 22 unselected mongrel dogs, CBV was measured continuously by a photoelectric method and cerebral blood flow (CBF) by a heat clearance method. CO(2) reactivity was also obtained from alterations of CBV following inhalation of 10% CO(2). ICP was gradually raised by infusion of saline through a tube into the cisterna magna from a bottle of fluid which was lifted to various height, and then the ICP was returned to the control level. While ICP was below 40-70 mmHg, neither CBV nor CBF showed any changes. However, as ICP was raised further, CBV showed a continuous increase while CBF showed a continuous decrease. CO(2) reactivity was completely lost when ICP was more than 110 mmHg, at which stage increase of CBV was thought to be due to vasomotor paralysis. Finally, CBV decreased when ICP reached the level of mean arterial blood pressure. This suggests that marked intracranial hypertension might act to squeeze the blood from cerebral vessels. In contrast, the animals with a vasopressor response had an increase in CBV in advanced intracranial hypertension. From these results, it appeared that the changes in CBV were dependent on the mean arterial blood pressure at the stage where vasomotor paralysis developed. Even after restoring the raised intracranial pressure with a vasopressor response to control level, both CBV and ICP continued to increase with no recovery of CO(2) reactivity. This result indicates that acute brain swelling might be caused by arterial hypertension during markedly increased intracranial pressure.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=KuyamaHideyuki
en-aut-sei=Kuyama
en-aut-mei=Hideyuki
kn-aut-name=久山秀幸
kn-aut-sei=久山
kn-aut-mei=秀幸
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科学教室
en-keyword=Cerebral blood volume
kn-keyword=Cerebral blood volume
en-keyword=Cerebral blood flow
kn-keyword=Cerebral blood flow
en-keyword=Increased intracranial pressure
kn-keyword=Increased intracranial pressure
en-keyword=CO(2) reactivity
kn-keyword=CO(2) reactivity
en-keyword=Vasomotor paralysis
kn-keyword=Vasomotor paralysis
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=91
cd-vols=
no-issue=7-8
article-no=
start-page=861
end-page=880
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1979
dt-pub=19790830
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Studies on cerebral hemodynamics during acute intracranial hypertension 1. Measurement of regional cerebral blood volume by a photoelectric method
kn-title=急性頭蓋内圧亢進時の脳循環動態に関する研究 第1編 光電法を応用した局所脳血液量測定法の開発
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=The cerebral blood volume (CBV) is an important parameter of cerebral hemodynamics. However, measurement of CBV has been difficult. We have devised a photoelectric method for measurement of regional CBV. The sensor of the apparatus was made of three components; a microlamp, a photodiode to which an infra-red filter was attached, and a polyethylene balloon, or polyethylene catheter with its tip open for intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement. These were pasted with silicon rubber. The sensor was applied to the brain surface to measure the intensity of the optical absorption (OA) of hemoglobin in the brain tissue. OA remained nearly constant despite various alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF), brain tissue pressure, and water content of the brain. Both OA and ICP increased during vasodilatation induced by CO(2) inhalation, compression of the jugular veins, or intravenous injection of Papaverine hydrochloride. Both decreased during vasoconstriction induced by hyperventilation or severe arterial hypotension. These results suggest that OA reflects changes of CBV. The disadvantages of this method are that the absolute CBV and the CBV in the deeper brain tissues can not be measured and that the operative field has to be kept dark. However, this method has several advantages; (1) Regional CBV is continuously measured without radionuclide or other specific indicators. (2) This method does not require a skilled technique. (3) The cerebral transit time can be measured by injection of saline or other indicators into the right brachial artery. (4) This device can also measure ICP.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=KuyamaHideyuki
en-aut-sei=Kuyama
en-aut-mei=Hideyuki
kn-aut-name=久山秀幸
kn-aut-sei=久山
kn-aut-mei=秀幸
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科学教室
en-keyword=Cerebral blood volume
kn-keyword=Cerebral blood volume
en-keyword=photoelectric method
kn-keyword=photoelectric method
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=91
cd-vols=
no-issue=7-8
article-no=
start-page=847
end-page=860
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1979
dt-pub=19790830
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Physiological research into fundamental touch in piano playing Part 3. Characteristics of hammer mechanism in the swing-stroke system using equipment for analyzing and measuring the intensity of the swing-stroke
kn-title=ピアノ奏法における基本的タッチの生理学的研究 第3編 特に打鍵強度分析装置による打鍵システムにおける応答特性の研究
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=In order to study the fundamental touch in piano playing, the physiological mechanics of the player and the kinetic mechanics of the swing-stroke system in the piano need to be studied. Equipment for analyzing and measuring the intensity of the swing-strokes has been developed to study the fundamental touch in piano playing. This equipment measures the velocity of the hammer and indicates the relationship of the intensity and the velocity of the swing-strokes. The tone-volume depends on the amount of kinetic energy which the player spends instriking the key. The kinetic energy is in direct proportion to the mass set in motion and is the square of the velocity. The mass set is always constant and the energy depends only upon the velocity of the hammer. Thus it is possible to analyze the tone-volume by measuring the velocity of the hammer. Two methods of swing-strokes were set up to analyze the movement of the swing-stroke. Two experiments were performed: (a) static swing-stroke in which the height of the swing-stroke was fixed and the weight was changed and(b) dynamic swing-stroke in which the weight of the swing-stroke was fixed and the height was changed. Experiments with the swing-stroke were made by a skilled pianist. The control system of the intensity of the swing-strokes is discussed.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=KatayamaSho
en-aut-sei=Katayama
en-aut-mei=Sho
kn-aut-name=片山昭
kn-aut-sei=片山
kn-aut-mei=昭
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一生理学教室
en-keyword=ピアノ奏法の生理学的研究
kn-keyword=ピアノ奏法の生理学的研究
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=91
cd-vols=
no-issue=7-8
article-no=
start-page=837
end-page=846
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1979
dt-pub=19790830
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Physiological research into fundamental touch in piano playing Part 2. Equipment for analyzing and measuring the intensity of the swing-stroke
kn-title=ピアノ奏法における基本的タッチの生理学的研究 第2編 特に打鍵強度分析装置に関する研究
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=This paper describes instruments designed to measure the tone-volume of the piano. The tone-volume depends on the amount of kinetic energy which the player spends on striking the key. The kinetic energy is in direct proportion to the mass set in motion and is the square of the velocity. The mass set is always constant and the energy depends only upon the velocity of the hammer. Thus it is possible to analyze the tone-volume by measuring the velocity of the hammer. Electronic digital devices generally have great advantages over analog ones in the field of physical measurement. The velocity is converted to the time interval by photo-transistors and flip-flop. The signal opens the gate, through which flows a clock pulse of 100KHz. This is transmitted to an electronic pulse counter consisting of 4 decimal counting units. The number of pulses counted by this counter is proportional to the inverse of the velocity, and is compared with 5 preset values to activate one of 6 magnetic counters. Each magnetic counter indicates the number of the swing-stroke, of which the velocity belongs to a previously classified group. This equipment makes it possible to measure the intensity of the tone and its distribution precisely. A velocity of 10m/sec. corresponds to an "ff" tone, with a precision of about 1.25%. The precision increase with decrease of the tone-volume.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=KatayamaSho
en-aut-sei=Katayama
en-aut-mei=Sho
kn-aut-name=片山昭
kn-aut-sei=片山
kn-aut-mei=昭
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一生理学教室
en-keyword=ピアノ奏法の生理学的研究
kn-keyword=ピアノ奏法の生理学的研究
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=91
cd-vols=
no-issue=7-8
article-no=
start-page=831
end-page=835
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1979
dt-pub=19790830
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Physiological research into fundamental touch in piano playing Part 1. Development of equipment for measuring and analyzing the intensity of the swing-stroke and the time interval
kn-title=ピアノ奏法における基本的タッチの生理学的研究 第1編 打鍵強度および間隔の測定分析装置の開発
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=This paper deals with the design of instruments for measurement of the strength of the swing-stroke in piano playing. The strength can be measured by the velocity of the hammer. This is easily detected by a photo-sensitive transistor, and is suitable for digital electronic notation. The velocity is converted to the time interval by photo-transistors and flip-flop. The signal opens a gate, through which flows a clock pulse of 100KHz. This is transmitted to an electronic, pulse counter consisting of 4 decimal counting units. The number of pulses counted by this counter is proportional to the inverse of the velocity, and is compared with 5 present values to activate one of 6 magnetic counters. Each magnetic counter indicates the number of the swing-stroke, of which the velocity belongs to a previously calssified group. This equipment makes it possible to measure the intensity of the tone and its distribution precisely.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=KatayamaSho
en-aut-sei=Katayama
en-aut-mei=Sho
kn-aut-name=片山昭
kn-aut-sei=片山
kn-aut-mei=昭
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一生理学教室
en-keyword=ピアノ奏法の生理学的研究
kn-keyword=ピアノ奏法の生理学的研究
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=91
cd-vols=
no-issue=7-8
article-no=
start-page=819
end-page=829
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1979
dt-pub=19790830
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Studies on experimental brain edema II. The effects of various glucocorticoids on experimental brain edema
kn-title=実験的脳浮腫に関する研究 第2編 各種glucocorticoid剤の脳浮腫抑制効果
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Although glucocorticoids have received wide acceptance in neurosurgery, the mechanisms by which they affect cerebral edema are still obscure. The dose equivalent of each glucocorticoid preparation is also uncertain. Only dose equivalents determined by antiinflammatory effects on granulation, have been used in the treatment of brain edema. The author attempted to determine the dose equivalent of each glucocorticoid according to its antiedema effect in cerebral tissue. Cold induced brain edema was produced by touching a metal probe at the temperature of -90℃ to the right parietal region of rats for 3 min. Hydrocortisone (16 mg/Kg), prednisolone (3.2 mg/Kg), methylprednisolone (3.2 mg/Kg), dexamethasone (0.8 mg/Kg) and betamethasone (0.8 mg/Kg) were administered either 3 hours prior to or after, the cold injury. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after injury and the grade of brain edema was determined by the changes in water content of the brain tissue. For this purpose, the author used tritiated water in a new method which was described in Part I of this paper. In the group of animals which were treated with prednisolone, dexamethasone or betamethasone, the water content decreased significantly from the non-treated value to almost control value. In the animals treated with hydrocortisone or methylprednisolone, the water content did not change significantly. In animals treated with double doses of hydrocortisone (32 mg/Kg) or methylprednisolone (6.4 mg/Kg), antiedema effects were obtained. From these results, the author concluded that the dose equivalent of each glucocorticoid for the treatment of brain edema was as follows; hydrocortisone : prednisolone : methylprednisolone : dexamethasone : betamethasone = 40:4:8:1:1.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=IshimitsuHiroshi
en-aut-sei=Ishimitsu
en-aut-mei=Hiroshi
kn-aut-name=石光宏
kn-aut-sei=石光
kn-aut-mei=宏
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科学教室
en-keyword=cold induced edema
kn-keyword=cold induced edema
en-keyword=glucocorticoids
kn-keyword=glucocorticoids
en-keyword=tritiated water
kn-keyword=tritiated water
en-keyword=water content
kn-keyword=water content
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=91
cd-vols=
no-issue=7-8
article-no=
start-page=805
end-page=817
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1979
dt-pub=19790830
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Studies on experimental brain edema I. Basic considerations in measuring water content in the brain tissue by tritiated water ((3)H(2)O)
kn-title=実験的脳浮腫に関する研究 第1編 Tritiated water((3)H(2)0)による脳組織水分含有量の測定
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=The author attempted to establish a new method of measuring water content in the brain tissue using tritiated water and a liquid scintillation counter. Approximately 50 mg of brain tissue was taken, put into a 1 ml disposable syringe and squeezed out in a centrifuge tube containing 2.5 ml of methylalcohol. This was then subjected to supersonication (by a supersonication bacterial homogenizer T-A-4201) for 3 minutes to prepare brain tissue homogenate. The homogenate was mixed in a glass vial with 20 ml of previously prepared scintillator for liquid scintillation counting. The author prepared six kinds of scintillators and investigated which scintillator was the best one in efficiency, and reproducibility for counting. The six kinds of scintillators were as follows: 1) Simple scintillator which was composed of one liter of toluene, 5 g of PPO and 300 mg of DM-POPOP. 2) Simple scintillator with 4 % Cab-o-sil. 3) Simple scintillator with 500 ml of Triton X 100. 4), 5) and 6) were the same composition as scintillators 1) to 3), but also had 50 ml of Soluene 100 added. The author concluded that the most suitable scintillator was No. 5 which was composed of simple scintillator, Cab-o-sil and Soluene 100. Next, the author examined the accuracy of this method in measuring the water content of brain tissue. Cold induced edema was produced in the right parietal region of rats. Half of the animals were untreated. The others were treated with 0.8 mg/Kg of dexamethasone after cold injury. The water content was calculated as follows: Ratio of increased water cpm/g of tritiated water in content in the injured = the injured hemisphere / cpm/g of tritiated water in ×100 hemisphere the non-injured hemisphere In the untreated animals, the water content in the injured side increased significantly from the control of 100.7±0.5 to 105.5±0.8 at 24 hours after cold injury. (Values are mean±S.D.) In the dexamethasone treated group, the water content in the injured side decreased significantly to 101.0±0.7 at 24 hours after injury. From these results, the author concluded that this new method might be an accurate, reproducible, unique and useful one for measuring the water content of brain tissue.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=IshimitsuHiroshi
en-aut-sei=Ishimitsu
en-aut-mei=Hiroshi
kn-aut-name=石光宏
kn-aut-sei=石光
kn-aut-mei=宏
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科学教室
en-keyword=brain edema
kn-keyword=brain edema
en-keyword=water content
kn-keyword=water content
en-keyword=tritiated water
kn-keyword=tritiated water
en-keyword=liquid scintillation counting
kn-keyword=liquid scintillation counting
END