SAGE Publications Acta Medica Okayama 2045-8932 9 1 2019 Improvement of lung function and pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary aneurysm repair: case series 2045894019831217 EN Satoshi Akagi Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science Kentaro Ejiri Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science Shingo Kasahara Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Hospital Kazufumi Nakamura Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science Hiroshi Ito Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science Pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAA) can be complicated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), causing sudden death due to PA rupture and dissection. Because treatment with PAH-targeted drugs does not always prevent PAA progression, prophylactic surgical repair of the PAA seems a promising alternative. However, although it avoids rupture and dissection of the PAs, additional benefits have not been forthcoming. We therefore present two patients with co-existing PAH and a PAA who underwent surgical repair of the aneurysm. Following the surgery, their lung function and pulmonary hypertension improved. Optimal treatment of PAA remains uncertain, however, with no clear guidelines regarding the best therapeutic approach. This case series provides physicians with reasons to repair PAA surgically in patients with PAH. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.